format-version: 1.0 date: 25:05:2007 09:56 saved-by: minna auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 1.100-beta25 default-namespace: cell remark: $Revision: 1.31 $ Drafted by Jonathan Bard, Michael Ashburner, David States, Seung Y. Rhee, and Pascal Gaudet. Incorporating terms and synonyms from the eVOC cell ontology of Janet Kelso, Win Hide et al. http://www.sanbi.ac.za/evoc/ontologies.html. Hematopoietic cell terms revised by Alexander Diehl, MGI, The Jackson Laboratory. Contact Oliver Hofmann, oliver@sanbi.ac.za, at SANBI, University of the Western Cape. [Term] id: CL:0000000 name: cell def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane." [CARO:mah] xref_analog: FMA:68646 [Term] id: CL:0000001 name: primary cell line cell is_a: CL:0000010 ! cell line cell [Term] id: CL:0000002 name: permanent cell line cell is_a: CL:0000010 ! cell line cell [Term] id: CL:0000003 name: cell in vivo is_a: CL:0000000 ! cell [Term] id: CL:0000004 name: cell by organism def: "A classification of cells by the organisms within which they are contained." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000003 ! cell in vivo [Term] id: CL:0000005 name: fibroblast neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000057 ! fibroblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000006 name: receptor cell (sensu Animalia) is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000007 name: early embryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000008 name: cranial neural crest cell is_a: CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000009 name: fusiform initial alt_id: CL:0000274 def: "An elongated cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends, found in the vascular cambium, which gives rise to the elements of the axial system in the secondary vascular tissues." [ISBN:0471245208] related_synonym: "xylem initial" [] related_synonym: "xylem mother cell" [] is_a: CL:0000272 ! cambial initial is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000010 name: cell line cell is_a: CL:0000578 ! experimentally modified cell [Term] id: CL:0000011 name: trunk neural crest cell is_a: CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000012 name: cell by class is_a: CL:0000003 ! cell in vivo [Term] id: CL:0000013 name: dentine secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000014 name: germ line stem cell exact_synonym: "germline stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000034 ! stem cell is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell [Term] id: CL:0000015 name: male germ cell is_a: CL:0000586 ! germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000016 name: male germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000014 ! germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000017 name: spermatocyte def: "A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids." [MESH:A.05.360.490.890.880] xref_analog: FBbt:00004936 is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000018 name: spermatid def: "A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa." [MESH:A.05.360.490.890.860] xref_analog: FBbt:00004942 is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000019 name: sperm def: "A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid." [MESH:A.05.360.490.890] exact_synonym: "sperm cell" [] exact_synonym: "spermatozoid" [] exact_synonym: "spermatozoon" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00004954 xref_analog: FMA:67338 is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell is_a: CL:0000408 ! male gamete [Term] id: CL:0000020 name: spermatogonium def: "An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis." [MESH:A.05.360.490.890.900] xref_analog: FBbt:00004935 xref_analog: FMA:72291 is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000021 name: female germ cell is_a: CL:0000586 ! germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000022 name: female germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000014 ! germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000021 ! female germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000023 name: oocyte xref_analog: FBbt:00004886 xref_analog: FMA:18644 is_a: CL:0000021 ! female germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000024 name: oogonial cell is_a: CL:0000021 ! female germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000025 name: egg exact_synonym: "ovum" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00000034 xref_analog: FMA:67343 is_a: CL:0000675 ! female gamete [Term] id: CL:0000026 name: nurse cell related_synonym: "nurse cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00004878 is_a: CL:0000412 ! polyploid cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000722 ! cystoblast [Term] id: CL:0000027 name: smooth muscle cell neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000028 name: CNS neuron (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron relationship: develops_from CL:0000338 ! neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000029 name: neuron neural crest derived relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000030 name: glioblast xref_analog: FBbt:00005145 is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000031 name: neuroblast xref_analog: FBbt:00005146 is_a: CL:0000047 ! neuronal stem cell is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell [Term] id: CL:0000032 name: neuroplacodal cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000114 ! surface ectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000033 name: apocrine cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000034 name: stem cell def: "A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [MESH:A.11.872] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000035 name: single fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000723 ! somatic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000036 name: epithelial fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000035 ! single fate stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000037 name: hematopoietic stem cell def: "A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system." [GOC:add] related_synonym: "colony forming unit hematopoietic" [] related_synonym: "hematopoietic progenitor cell" [] related_synonym: "hemopoietic progenitor cell" [] exact_synonym: "hemopoietic stem cell" [] exact_synonym: "HSC" [] is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000566 ! angioblastic mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000038 name: erythroid progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] related_synonym: "BFU-E" [] related_synonym: "blast forming unit erythroid" [] related_synonym: "burst forming unit erythroid" [] related_synonym: "CFU-E" [] related_synonym: "colony forming unit erythroid" [] related_synonym: "erythroid stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000050 ! megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000039 name: germ line cell is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000040 name: monoblast def: "A progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage." [GOC:add, http://www.copewithcytokines.de] related_synonym: "CFU-M" [] related_synonym: "colony forming unit macrophage" [] related_synonym: "monocyte stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000041 name: mature eosinophil def: "A fully differentiated eosinophil, a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "mature eosinocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature eosinophil leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature eosinophil leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000771 ! eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000772 ! immature eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000774 ! band form eosinophil [Term] id: CL:0000042 name: neutrophilic myeloblast def: "A myeloblast committed to the neutrophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] related_synonym: "neutrophilic granuloblast" [] is_a: CL:0000835 ! myeloblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000834 ! neutrophil progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000043 name: mature basophil alt_id: CL:0000739 def: "A fully differentiated basophil, a granular leukocyte with an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "mature basophil leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature basophil leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000767 ! basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000768 ! immature basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000770 ! band form basophil [Term] id: CL:0000045 name: thymus processed stem cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Consider using term 'pro-T cell ; CL:0000827' or the term 'immature T cell ; CL:0000804' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000046 name: bursa processed stem cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Consider using term 'pro-B cell ; CL:0000826' or the term 'immature B cell ; CL:0000816' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000047 name: neuronal stem cell is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000048 name: multi fate stem cell def: "A stem cell that can give rise to mulitple lineages of cells." [GOC:add] exact_synonym: "multipotent stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000723 ! somatic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000049 name: common myeloid progenitor def: "A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages." [GOC:add, ISBN:0878932437, PMID:10724173] related_synonym: "cfu-gemm" [ISBN:0878932437] related_synonym: "CFU-S" [ISBN:0878932437] related_synonym: "colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte" [ISBN:0878932437] related_synonym: "multipotential myeloid stem cell" [ISBN:0878932437] related_synonym: "myeloid stem cell" [ISBN:0878932437] related_synonym: "pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow)" [ISBN:0878932437] exact_synonym: "CMP" [ISBN:0878932437] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000037 ! hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000050 name: megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages." [GOC:add] exact_synonym: "CFU-EM" [] exact_synonym: "colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte" [] exact_synonym: "MEP" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000049 ! common myeloid progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000051 name: common lymphocyte progenitor alt_id: CL:0000044 def: "A progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage." [PMID:10407577] related_synonym: "committed lymphopoietic stem cell" [] related_synonym: "early lymphocyte progenitor" [] related_synonym: "ELP" [] related_synonym: "lymphoid stem cell" [] related_synonym: "lymphopoietic stem cell" [] exact_synonym: "CLP" [] is_a: CL:0000838 ! lymphoid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000037 ! hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000052 name: totipotent stem cell def: "A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000723 ! somatic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000053 name: enamel secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000054 name: bone matrix secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000055 name: non-terminally differentiated cell def: "A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "blast cell" [] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000056 name: myoblast def: "An embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes." [MESH:A.11.635] xref_analog: FBbt:00005083 is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000355 ! muscle stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000057 name: fibroblast def: "A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules." [MESH:A.11.329.228] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000058 name: chondroblast is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000059 name: ameloblast def: "A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamal organ. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the dental enamal), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)." [MESH:A.11.436.107] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000060 name: odontoblast is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000061 name: cementoblast is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000062 name: osteoblast def: "A bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone." [MESH:A.11.329.629] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000375 ! osteoprogenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000063 name: cell by histology def: "A classification of cells by their microscopical appearance." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000064 name: ciliated cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000065 name: ependymal cell def: "A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen." [JB:jb] exact_synonym: "ependymocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000067 ! ciliated epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000710 ! neuroepithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000066 name: epithelial cell def: "A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface." [FB:ma, MESH:A.11.436] xref_analog: FBbt:00000124 is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology [Term] id: CL:0000067 name: ciliated epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000064 ! ciliated cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000068 name: duct epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000069 name: branched duct epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000068 ! duct epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000221 ! ectodermal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000070 name: epithelial cell of gland is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000071 name: blood vessel endothelial cell is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000115 ! endothelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000072 name: non-branched duct epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000068 ! duct epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000073 name: barrier epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000074 name: epithem cell def: "A cell that constitutes the mesophyll of a hydathode and is located between the xylem endings and the epidermis. Proposed to be involved in the retrieval of solutes from the xylem sap." [ISBN:0471245208, PMID:12662305] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000075 name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000076 name: squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000077 name: mesothelial cell is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000213 ! lining cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000078 name: peridermal cell is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000079 name: stratified epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000357 ! stratified epithelial stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000080 name: circulating cell def: "A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000081 name: blood cell def: "A cell found predominately in the blood." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000080 ! circulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000082 name: epithelial cell of lung relationship: develops_from CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000083 name: epithelial cell of pancreas relationship: develops_from CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000084 name: T cell def: "A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000827 ! pro-T cell [Term] id: CL:0000085 name: germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000014 ! germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000349 ! extraembryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000086 name: germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00004861 is_a: CL:0000014 ! germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000087 name: male germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00004929 is_a: CL:0000016 ! male germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000086 ! germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000088 name: female germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00004873 is_a: CL:0000022 ! female germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000086 ! germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000089 name: male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000016 ! male germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000085 ! germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000090 name: female germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000022 ! female germ line stem cell is_a: CL:0000085 ! germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000091 name: Kupffer cell def: "A specialized phagocytic cell of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids." [GOC:add, MESH:A.11.329.372.588] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000092 name: osteoclast def: "A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:10428500] comment: Osteoclasts develop directly from monocytes. related_synonym: "chondroclast" [] is_a: CL:0000518 ! phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) relationship: develops_from CL:0000576 ! monocyte [Term] id: CL:0000093 name: osteochondroclast def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Consider using 'osteoclast ; CL:0000092' instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000094 name: granulocyte def: "A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm." [MESH:A.11.118.637.415] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology is_a: CL:0000766 ! myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CL:0000095 name: neuron associated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000096 name: mature neutrophil def: "A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes." [GOC:add, MESH:A.11.118.637.415.583] exact_synonym: "mature neutrocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature neutrophil leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature neutrophil leukocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature neutrophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature neutrophilic leukocyte" [] exact_synonym: "PMN" [] exact_synonym: "polymorphonuclear neutrophil" [] exact_synonym: "polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "poly" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000775 ! neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000560 ! band form neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000776 ! immature neutrophil [Term] id: CL:0000097 name: mast cell def: "A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation." [GOC:add, ISBN:068340007X, MESH:A.11.329.427] related_synonym: "tissue basophil" [ISBN:068340007X] exact_synonym: "labrocyte" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "mastocyte" [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000766 ! myeloid leukocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000831 ! mast cell progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000098 name: sensory epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000710 ! neuroepithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000099 name: interneuron def: "Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions." [MESH:A.08.663.358] xref_analog: FBbt:00005125 is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000100 name: motor neuron def: "A neuron which activate muscle cells." [MESH:A.08.663.655.500] exact_synonym: "motoneuron" [] is_a: CL:0000527 ! efferent neuron [Term] id: CL:0000101 name: sensory neuron xref_analog: FBbt:00005124 is_a: CL:0000526 ! afferent neuron [Term] id: CL:0000102 name: polymodal neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000103 name: bipolar neuron def: "A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body." [ISBN:0444009442] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000104 name: multipolar neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000105 name: pseudounipolar neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000106 name: unipolar neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000107 name: autonomic neuron is_a: CL:0000029 ! neuron neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000108 name: cholinergic neuron is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000109 name: adrenergic neuron is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000110 name: peptidergic neuron is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000111 name: peripheral neuron is_a: CL:0000029 ! neuron neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000112 name: columnar neuron related_synonym: "columnar neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000113 name: mononuclear phagocyte def: "A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000226 ! single nucleate cell is_a: CL:0000518 ! phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000842 ! mononuclear cell [Term] id: CL:0000114 name: surface ectodermal cell exact_synonym: "cell of surface ectoderm" [] exact_synonym: "surface ectoderm cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:72552 relationship: develops_from CL:0000221 ! ectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000115 name: endothelial cell is_a: CL:0000213 ! lining cell [Term] id: CL:0000116 name: pioneer neuron xref_analog: FBbt:00005128 is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000117 name: CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron relationship: develops_from CL:0000337 ! neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000118 name: basket cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000119 name: Golgi cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000120 name: granule cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000121 name: Purkinje cell def: "The output neuron of the cerebellar cortex." [MESH:A.08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600] is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000527 ! efferent neuron [Term] id: CL:0000122 name: stellate cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000123 name: neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) relationship: develops_from CL:0000095 ! neuron associated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000124 name: glial cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00005144 is_a: CL:0000125 ! glial cell is_a: CL:0000340 ! glioblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000125 name: glial cell def: "A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons." [MESH:A.08.637] related_synonym: "neuroglia" [] exact_synonym: "neuroglial cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:54536 relationship: develops_from CL:0000030 ! glioblast [Term] id: CL:0000126 name: macroglial cell is_a: CL:0000243 ! glial cell (sensu Vertebrata) relationship: develops_from CL:0000339 ! glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000127 name: astrocyte def: "A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury." [MESH:A.08.637.200] xref_analog: FMA:54537 is_a: CL:0000126 ! macroglial cell [Term] id: CL:0000128 name: oligodendrocyte def: "A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system." [MESH:A.08.637.600] related_synonym: "oligodendroglia" [] xref_analog: FMA:54540 is_a: CL:0000126 ! macroglial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000339 ! glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000129 name: microglial cell def: "A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "microglia" [] xref_analog: FMA:54539 is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000130 name: neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000095 ! neuron associated cell [Term] id: CL:0000131 name: gut endothelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000115 ! endothelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000132 name: corneal endothelial cell def: "Cell of the single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea." [MESH:A.09.371.060.067.31] is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000115 ! endothelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000133 name: neurectodermal cell exact_synonym: "neurectoderm cell" [] relationship: develops_from CL:0000221 ! ectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000134 name: mesenchymal cell def: "A cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000135 name: fibrocyte xref_analog: FMA:63879 is_a: CL:0000499 ! stromal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000005 ! fibroblast neural crest derived relationship: develops_from CL:0000057 ! fibroblast [Term] id: CL:0000136 name: fat cell def: "A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of tryglycerides." [MESH:A.11.329.114] exact_synonym: "adipocyte" [] exact_synonym: "lipocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000057 ! fibroblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000137 name: osteocyte def: "A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi." [MESH:A.11.329.629.500] is_a: CL:0000054 ! bone matrix secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000062 ! osteoblast [Term] id: CL:0000138 name: chondrocyte def: "Polymorphic cell that form cartilage." [MESH:A.11.329.171] is_a: CL:0000153 ! GAG secreting cell is_a: CL:0000667 ! collagen secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000058 ! chondroblast [Term] id: CL:0000139 name: amelocyte is_a: CL:0000053 ! enamel secreting cell is_a: CL:0000146 ! simple columnar epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000059 ! ameloblast [Term] id: CL:0000140 name: odontocyte is_a: CL:0000013 ! dentine secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000060 ! odontoblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000141 name: cementocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000061 ! cementoblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000142 name: hyalocyte is_a: CL:0000499 ! stromal cell [Term] id: CL:0000143 name: guidepost cell is_a: CL:0000130 ! neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000144 name: cell by function def: "A classification of cells by their primary end goal or behavior." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000145 name: professional antigen presenting cell def: "A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] comment: Note change of name; nearly all somatic cells can present antigens to T cells via MHC Class I complexes leading to effector responses, but professional antigen presenting cells constituitively express MHC Class II as well as constimulatory molecules, and thus can initiate immune responses via T cells. broad_synonym: "APC" [] is_a: CL:0000738 ! leukocyte [Term] id: CL:0000146 name: simple columnar epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000147 name: pigment cell related_synonym: "chromatocyte" [] related_synonym: "chromatophore" [] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000148 name: melanocyte alt_id: CL:0000572 def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance." [SANBI:mhl] related_synonym: "melanophore" [] xref_analog: FMA:70545 is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000541 ! melanoblast [Term] id: CL:0000149 name: visual pigment cell broad_synonym: "pigment cell" [] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000150 name: glandular epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000151 name: secretory cell is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000152 name: exocrine cell def: "A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct." [ISBN:0198547684] xref_analog: FMA:16014 is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000153 name: GAG secreting cell exact_synonym: "hyaluronic acid secreting cell" [] is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000154 name: protein secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000155 name: pepsinogen secreting cell related_synonym: "chief cell" [] exact_synonym: "peptic cell" [] exact_synonym: "zymogenic cell" [] is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000156 name: antibody secreting cell def: "OBSOLETE: A cell of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B cells, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize." [] comment: Consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000157 name: surfactant secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000158 name: Clara cell is_a: CL:0000157 ! surfactant secreting cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000159 name: seromucus secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000160 name: goblet cell def: "A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins." [MESH:A.03.492.411.369.320] exact_synonym: "chalice cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:13148 is_a: CL:0000319 ! mucus secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000161 name: acid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000162 name: parietal cell exact_synonym: "oxyntic cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62901 is_a: CL:0000161 ! acid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000163 name: endocrine cell def: "A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions." [MESH:A.06.407] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000164 name: enteroendocrine cell def: "An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract." [SANBI:mhl] xref_analog: FMA:62930 is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000165 name: neuroendocrine cell def: "A neuron that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system." [MESH:A.06.688] exact_synonym: "neurosecretory cell" [] is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell is_a: CL:0000393 ! electrically responsive cell [Term] id: CL:0000166 name: chromaffin cell def: "A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system." [MESH:A.06.224.161] exact_synonym: "phaeochromocyte" [] xref_analog: FMA:69263 is_a: CL:0000165 ! neuroendocrine cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000167 name: peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000168 name: insulin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000169 name: pancreatic B cell exact_synonym: "pancreatic beta cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:70586 is_a: CL:0000168 ! insulin secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000170 name: glucagon secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000171 name: pancreatic A cell exact_synonym: "pancreatic alpha cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:70585 is_a: CL:0000170 ! glucagon secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000172 name: somatostatin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000173 name: pancreatic D cell exact_synonym: "pancreatic delta cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:70587 is_a: CL:0000502 ! D cell [Term] id: CL:0000174 name: steroid hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000175 name: luteal cell def: "A Progesterone secreting cell in the corpus luteum. The large luteal cells develop from the granulosa cells. The small luteal cells develop from the theca cells." [MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.278.400] exact_synonym: "lutein cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:18688 is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000176 name: ecdysteroid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000177 name: testosterone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000178 name: Leydig cell exact_synonym: "interstitial cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:72297 is_a: CL:0000177 ! testosterone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000179 name: progesterone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000180 name: estradiol secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000181 name: metabolising cell def: "A cell whose primary function is intermediary metabolism." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000182 name: hepatocyte def: "The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules." [MESH:A.11.436.348] xref_analog: FMA:14515 is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000181 ! metabolising cell is_a: CL:0000417 ! endopolyploid cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000183 name: contractile cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to shorten." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000184 name: pericyte def: "A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. (From Stedman, 26th ed)." [MESH:A.07.231.330.600] is_a: CL:0000183 ! contractile cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000185 name: myoepithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000183 ! contractile cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000186 name: myofibroblast cell is_a: CL:0000183 ! contractile cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000187 name: muscle cell def: "A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle." [MESH:A.11.620] exact_synonym: "myocyte" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005074 is_a: CL:0000183 ! contractile cell is_a: CL:0000393 ! electrically responsive cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000056 ! myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000188 name: skeletal muscle cell exact_synonym: "striated muscle cell" [] is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000189 name: slow muscle cell exact_synonym: "red muscle cell" [] is_a: CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000857 ! slow muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000190 name: fast muscle cell exact_synonym: "white muscle cell" [] is_a: CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000858 ! fast muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000192 name: smooth muscle cell alt_id: CL:0000191 def: "A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast)." [MESH:A.11.620.520] exact_synonym: "non-striated muscle cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:14072 is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000193 name: cardiac muscle cell (sensu Arthopoda) alt_id: CL:0000466 def: "A striated muscle cell found in the heart. They develop from cardiac myoblasts." [MESH:A.11.620.500] exact_synonym: "cardiocyte" [] exact_synonym: "heart muscle cell" [] is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell is_a: CL:0000746 ! cardiac muscle cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000465 ! cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda) [Term] id: CL:0000194 name: nodal cardiac cell is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000195 name: Purkinje fiber is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000196 name: flight muscle cell is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell [Term] id: CL:0000197 name: receptor cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000198 name: pain receptor cell def: "The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings." [MESH:A.08.800.550.700.650] exact_synonym: "nociceptor" [] exact_synonym: "nocireceptor" [] is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000199 name: mechanoreceptor cell def: "A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system." [MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500] is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000200 name: touch receptor cell is_a: CL:0000199 ! mechanoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000201 name: auditory receptor cell is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000202 name: auditory hair cell def: "A mechanoreceptor cell located in the organ of Corti that is sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that is sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system." [MESH:A.08.663.650.250] exact_synonym: "cochlear hair cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62364 is_a: CL:0000201 ! auditory receptor cell is_a: CL:0000855 ! hair cell [Term] id: CL:0000203 name: gravity sensitive cell is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000204 name: acceleration receptive cell is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000205 name: thermoreceptor cell def: "A cellular receptor which mediates the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and pain receptor cells which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain." [MESH:A.08.800.550.700.840] is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000206 name: chemoreceptor cell def: "A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood." [MESH:A.08.800.550.700.120] is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000207 name: olfactory receptor cell exact_synonym: "olfactory receptor neuron" [] exact_synonym: "olfactory sensory neuron" [] exact_synonym: "Schultze's cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:67860 is_a: CL:0000206 ! chemoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000208 name: pH receptor cell is_a: CL:0000206 ! chemoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000209 name: taste receptor cell is_a: CL:0000206 ! chemoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000210 name: photoreceptor cell def: "A cell specialized to detect and transduce light." [MESH:A.08.663.650.650] xref_analog: FBbt:00004211 is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000211 name: electrically active cell def: "A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000212 name: absorptive cell def: "A cell that takes up stuff and metabolises it." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000213 name: lining cell def: "A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism." [JB:jb] exact_synonym: "boundary cell" [] is_a: CL:0000215 ! barrier cell [Term] id: CL:0000214 name: synovial cell is_a: CL:0000153 ! GAG secreting cell is_a: CL:0000213 ! lining cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000215 name: barrier cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000216 name: Sertoli cell def: "A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier." [MESH:A.05.360.444.849.789] is_a: CL:0000215 ! barrier cell is_a: CL:0000511 ! androgen binding protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000217 name: insulating cell is_a: CL:0000215 ! barrier cell [Term] id: CL:0000218 name: Schwann cell def: "A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons." [MESH:A.08.637.800] is_a: CL:0000217 ! insulating cell is_a: CL:0000243 ! glial cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000328 ! myelin accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000219 name: motile cell def: "A cell that moves by its own activities." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000220 name: cell by lineage is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000221 name: ectodermal cell def: "A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo." [MESH:A.16.254.425.273] exact_synonym: "ectoderm cell" [] is_a: CL:0000220 ! cell by lineage is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000222 name: mesodermal cell def: "A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo." [MESH:A.16.254.425.660] exact_synonym: "mesoblast" [] exact_synonym: "mesoderm cell" [] is_a: CL:0000220 ! cell by lineage is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000223 name: endodermal cell def: "A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo." [MESH:A.16.254.425.407] exact_synonym: "endoderm cell" [] is_a: CL:0000220 ! cell by lineage is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000224 name: cell by nuclear number def: "A classification of cells by the number of their nuclei." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000225 name: anucleate cell def: "A cell that lacks a nucleus." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000224 ! cell by nuclear number [Term] id: CL:0000226 name: single nucleate cell def: "A cell with a single nucleus." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000224 ! cell by nuclear number [Term] id: CL:0000227 name: binucleate cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell [Term] id: CL:0000228 name: multinucleate cell def: "A cell with more than one nucleus." [FB:ma] exact_synonym: "syncytial cell" [] exact_synonym: "syncytium" [] is_a: CL:0000224 ! cell by nuclear number [Term] id: CL:0000229 name: lymphoblast def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Refers to an activated mature lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'lymphocyte ; CL:0000542' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000230 name: T lymphoblast def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Refers to an activated mature T lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'T cell ; CL:0000084' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000231 name: B lymphoblast def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Refers to an activated mature B lymphocyte phenotype rather than a distinct cell type; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000232 name: erythrocyte def: "A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen." [MESH:A.11.118.290] exact_synonym: "RBC" [] exact_synonym: "red blood cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62845 is_a: CL:0000081 ! blood cell is_a: CL:0000329 ! oxygen accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell is_a: CL:0000764 ! erythroid lineage cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000558 ! reticulocyte [Term] id: CL:0000233 name: platelet def: "A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation." [GOC:add, MESH:A.11.118.188] related_synonym: "thrombocyte" [] exact_synonym: "blood platelet" [] is_a: CL:0000081 ! blood cell is_a: CL:0000225 ! anucleate cell is_a: CL:0000763 ! myeloid cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000556 ! megakaryocyte [Term] id: CL:0000234 name: phagocyte def: "Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000219 ! motile cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000473 ! defensive cell [Term] id: CL:0000235 name: macrophage def: "A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells." [GOC:add] exact_synonym: "histiocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000113 ! mononuclear phagocyte is_a: CL:0000145 ! professional antigen presenting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000576 ! monocyte [Term] id: CL:0000236 name: B cell def: "A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of an immunoglobulin complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000826 ! pro-B cell [Term] id: CL:0000237 name: keratinizing barrier epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000240 ! stratified squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000311 ! keratin accumulating cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000114 ! surface ectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000238 name: non keratinizing barrier epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000240 ! stratified squamous epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000239 name: brush border epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000240 name: stratified squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000079 ! stratified epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000241 name: stratified cuboidal epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000079 ! stratified epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000242 name: Merkel cell def: "A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute, such as the fingertips. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber." [MESH:A.08.800.550.700.500.425] is_a: CL:0000123 ! neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000243 name: glial cell (sensu Vertebrata) def: "A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear." [MESH:A.08.637] is_a: CL:0000125 ! glial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000339 ! glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000244 name: transitional epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000245 name: passage cell def: "Cell in exodermis or endodermis that remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. Has casparian strip in endodermis." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000246 name: Mauthner neuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000247 name: Rohon-Beard neuron is_a: CL:0000531 ! primary sensory neuron [Term] id: CL:0000248 name: microsporocyte def: "A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell." [ISBN:0471245208] exact_synonym: "pollen mother cell" [] exact_synonym: "primary sporogenous cell" [] is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000249 name: hatching gland cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000250 name: megaspore def: "A haploid (1n) spore developing into a female gametophyte in heterosporous plants." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000021 ! female germ cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000320 ! megasporocyte [Term] id: CL:0000251 name: extramedullary cell is_a: CL:0000101 ! sensory neuron [Term] id: CL:0000252 name: microspore def: "A haploid (1n) spore developing into a male gametophyte in heterosporous plants; the uninucleate pollen grain in seed plants." [ISBN:0471245208] related_synonym: "pollen" [] is_a: CL:0000015 ! male germ cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000248 ! microsporocyte [Term] id: CL:0000253 name: eurydendroid cell is_a: CL:0000527 ! efferent neuron [Term] id: CL:0000254 name: egg cell def: "The female gamete of plants." [TAIR:lr] exact_synonym: "female gametophyte egg cell" [] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000675 ! female gamete [Term] id: CL:0000255 name: eukaryotic cell is_a: CL:0000004 ! cell by organism [Term] id: CL:0000256 name: uric acid accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000257 name: Mycetozoan cell is_a: CL:0000255 ! eukaryotic cell [Term] id: CL:0000258 name: fiber tracheid def: "A fiber like tracheid in the secondary xylem; commonly thick walled, with pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit like apertures." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000672 ! tracheary element [Term] id: CL:0000259 name: aggregate cell def: "Differentiating cell composing the aggregate that has acquired adhesive properties." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000260 name: mucilage cell def: "Cell containing mucilages or gums or similar carbohydrate material characterized by the property of swelling in water." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000261 name: anterior cell is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000262 name: guard mother cell def: "An epidermal cell that divides to produce the guard cells." [ISBN:0471245208] relationship: develops_from CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000263 name: vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) def: "Unicellular haploid myxamoebae that feeds on bacteria and divides by binary fission." [DictyBase:DDB] exact_synonym: "amoeba" [] is_a: CL:0000257 ! Mycetozoan cell [Term] id: CL:0000264 name: phloem initial def: "A cambial cell on the phloem side of the cambial zone that is the source of one or more cells arising by periclinal divisions and differentiating into phloem elements with or without additional divisions in various planes." [ISBN:0471245208] exact_synonym: "phloem mother cell" [] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000272 ! cambial initial [Term] id: CL:0000265 name: anterior like cell def: "Cell that has properties of anterior cells (for e.g., accumulate vital dyes in autophagic vesicles) but that is are scattered throughout the rear of the slug. Some but not all these cells express the ecmA gene and/or the ecmB gene. ALCs maintain an amoeboid appearance during culmination. ALCs that express the ecmO promoter have been called pstO/ALC." [DictyBase:DDB] exact_synonym: "ALC" [] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000266 name: meristemoid def: "A cell constituting an active locus of meristematic activity in a tissue composed of somewhat older, differentiating cells." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000723 ! somatic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000267 name: prespore cell def: "Cell that is undergoing differentiation to become a spore." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000268 name: sieve element def: "The cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials. Classified into sieve cell and sieve tube member." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000269 name: prestalk cell is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000270 name: subsidiary cell def: "An epidermal cell associated with a stoma and at least morphologically distinguishable from the epidermal cells composing the groundmass of the tissue." [ISBN:047124520] related_synonym: "accessory cell" [] xref_analog: TAIR:0000296 is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000271 name: prestalk A cell def: "Cell expressing the ecmA marker from a promoter region that is proximal to the ATG (ecmAO promoter). They are located at the anterior-most region of the slug. During culmination pstA cells differentiate into pstAB cells." [DictyBase:DDB] exact_synonym: "pstA" [] exact_synonym: "pstAO" [] is_a: CL:0000269 ! prestalk cell [Term] id: CL:0000272 name: cambial initial def: "A cell localized in the vascular cambium or phellogen. Its periclinal division can contribute cells either to the outside or to the inside of the axis; in vascular cambium, classified into fusiform initials (source of axial cells of xylem and phloem) and ray initials (source of the ray cells)." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000685 ! meristematic cell [Term] id: CL:0000273 name: prestalk AB cell def: "Cell that expresses both ecmA and ecmB either simultaneously or sequentially. During culmination pstA differentiate into pstAB cells." [DictyBase:DDB] exact_synonym: "pstAB" [] is_a: CL:0000269 ! prestalk cell [Term] id: CL:0000275 name: prestalk B cell def: "Cell expressing ecmB but not ecmA. Most pstB cells are located at the very rear of the slug (rearguard region). These cells form part of the basal disc of the fruiting body. If a migratory slug is formed, these cells are left behind." [DictyBase:DDB] exact_synonym: "pstB" [] is_a: CL:0000269 ! prestalk cell [Term] id: CL:0000276 name: sclerenchyma cell def: "Cell variable in form and size, being more or less thick, often lignified, secondary walls. Belongs to the category of subcells and may or may not be devoid of protoplast at maturity." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000277 name: prestalk I cell def: "Initial population of prestalk cells that activate the ecmA promoter at the mound stage and that presumably further differentiate into pstA and pstO cells." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000269 ! prestalk cell [Term] id: CL:0000278 name: central cell def: "A cell containing the two polar nuclei which, after double fertilization, will develop into the endosperm." [TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000021 ! female germ cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000279 name: prestalk 0 cell def: "Cell that express ecmA at a very low level. Located at the posterior half of the prestalk zone. Expresses ecmA from the distal region of its promoter (ecmO)." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000269 ! prestalk cell [Term] id: CL:0000280 name: generative cell def: "The cell that will give rise to the generative nuclei which will participate in fertilization." [TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000281 name: pstAB/ALC def: "Anterior-like cell expressing both ecmA and ecmB." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000265 ! anterior like cell [Term] id: CL:0000282 name: trichome def: "An outgrowth from the epidermis. Trichomes vary in size and complexity and include hairs, scales, and other structures and may be glandular. In Arabidopsis, patterning of trichome development is not random but does not appear to be lineage-based like stomata." [ISBN:0471245208, PMID:10938806] relationship: develops_from CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000283 name: pstO/ALC def: "Anterior-like cell that expresses the ecmO promoter and that can move to the position normally occupied by the pstO cells." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000265 ! anterior like cell [Term] id: CL:0000284 name: companion cell def: "A specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member." [ISBN:0879015322] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell is_a: CL:0000668 ! parenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000285 name: stalk cell def: "Vacuolated cell located at the center of the stalk tube that has a cell wall composed of cellulose and that die upon terminal differentiation. Stalk cells provide structural support for the fruiting body." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000286 name: hyphal cell def: "A cell of a filament of a fungal mycelium." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000521 ! fungal cell [Term] id: CL:0000287 name: eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000210 ! photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000288 name: synergid def: "A cell in the micropylar end of the embryo sac associated with the egg in the egg apparatus of angiosperms. Plays a vital role in fertilization." [ISBN:047125208] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000289 name: chemotactic amoeboid cell (sensu Mycetozoa) def: "Starved cell that secretes and responds to chemoattractants (cAMP)." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) is_a: CL:0000732 ! amoeboid cell [Term] id: CL:0000290 name: xylem fiber cell def: "A fiber of the xylem tissue, Two types are recognized in the secondary xylem: fiber tracheids and libriform fibers." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell is_a: CL:0000298 ! xylem element [Term] id: CL:0000291 name: spore (sensu Mycetozoa) def: "Dormant cell protected by a spore coat." [DictyBase:DDB] is_a: CL:0000263 ! vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa) [Term] id: CL:0000292 name: guard cell def: "One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore and causing the opening and closing of the pore by changes in turgor." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000262 ! guard mother cell [Term] id: CL:0000293 name: structural cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism." [TAIR:sr] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000294 name: sieve cell def: "A type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores), rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000268 ! sieve element [Term] id: CL:0000295 name: somatotropin secreting cell alt_id: CL:0000471 def: "An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin." [SANBI:mhl] related_synonym: "growth hormone secreting cell" [] related_synonym: "somatotrope" [] related_synonym: "somatotroph" [] related_synonym: "somatrophic cell" [] exact_synonym: "somatotrophin secreting cell" [] exact_synonym: "somatotropic cell" [] is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000638 ! acidophil cell [Term] id: CL:0000296 name: vegetative cell def: "Cell type formed after the first mitotic division of the microgametophye, The nucleus of this cell migrates to the tip of the pollen tube after germination and disintegrates when the pollen tube penetrates the nucellus." [ISBN:0140514031, TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000297 name: socket cell def: "A cell that surrounds a trichome and provides support for the trichome." [PMID:10938806] relationship: develops_from CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000298 name: xylem element def: "A cell composing the xylem." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000363 ! axial cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000299 name: trichoblast def: "Commonly used for a cell in root epidermis that gives rise to a root hair. The daughter cell produced by the asymmetric division of a root epidermal cell that gives rise to a root hair." [ISBN:0471245208] exact_synonym: "hair cell" [] is_a: CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000300 name: gamete related_synonym: "haploid germ cell" [] exact_synonym: "haploid nucleated cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005412 xref_analog: FMA:18649 is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000413 ! haploid cell [Term] id: CL:0000301 name: pole cell xref_analog: FBbt:00000092 is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell is_a: CL:0000670 ! primordial germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000302 name: IgM B cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Not a differentiation state per se; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000303 name: IgG B cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Not a differentiation state per se, and IgG isotypes vary by species; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000304 name: IgA B cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Not a differentiation state per se, and IgA isotypes vary by species. Consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000305 name: IgE B cell def: "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [] comment: Not a differentiation state per se; consider using 'B cell ; CL:0000236' or one of its children instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000306 name: crystallin accumulating cell exact_synonym: "cone cell" [] exact_synonym: "lens cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00004193 is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000307 name: tracheal epithelial cell exact_synonym: "tracheocyte" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005038 relationship: develops_from CL:0000377 ! tracheoblast [Term] id: CL:0000308 name: metal ion accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000309 name: copper accumulating cell exact_synonym: "cuprophilic cell" [] is_a: CL:0000308 ! metal ion accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000310 name: iron accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000308 ! metal ion accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000311 name: keratin accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000312 name: keratinocyte def: "An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell." [MESH:A.11.436.397] is_a: CL:0000311 ! keratin accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000313 name: serous secreting cell is_a: CL:0000159 ! seromucus secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000314 name: milk secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000315 name: tears secreting cell def: "A cell secreting tears, the fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the conjunctiva and cornea." [MESH:A.12.200.882] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000316 name: ray initial def: "A meristemic ray cell in the vascular cambium that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem and secondary phloem." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000272 ! cambial initial [Term] id: CL:0000317 name: sebum secreting cell def: "A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris." [MESH:A.12.200.702] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000318 name: sweat secreting cell def: "A cell secreting sweat, the fluid excreted by the sweat glands of mammals. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products." [MESH:A.12.200.849] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000319 name: mucus secreting cell exact_synonym: "mucous cell" [] is_a: CL:0000159 ! seromucus secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000320 name: megasporocyte def: "A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores; also called megaspore mother cell." [ISBN:0471245208] exact_synonym: "archesporial cell" [] exact_synonym: "megaspore mother cell" [] is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000321 name: seminal fluid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000322 name: pneumocyte is_a: CL:0000157 ! surfactant secreting cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000323 name: lysozyme secreting cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000324 name: metanephric mesenchyme stem cell is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000325 name: stuff accumulating cell def: "A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s)." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000326 name: glycogen accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000327 name: extracellular matrix secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000499 ! stromal cell [Term] id: CL:0000328 name: myelin accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000329 name: oxygen accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000330 name: collenchymal cell def: "An elongated living cell with unevenly thickened nonlignified primary walls." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000331 name: tracheid def: "A tracheary element of the xylem that has no perforations, as contrasted with a vessel member. May occur in primary and in secondary xylem. May have any kind of secondary wall thickening found in tracheary elements." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000672 ! tracheary element [Term] id: CL:0000332 name: atrichoblast def: "A cell formed after asymmetric division of root epidermal cell that does not give rise to a root hair." [ISBN:0387987819] related_synonym: "non-hair cell" [] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000333 name: neural crest cell def: "A cell of the strip of specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonal neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms a column of isolated cells along the dorsal aspect of the neural tube. Most of the cranial and all of the spinal sensory ganglion cells arise by differentiation of neural crest cells." [MESH:A.16.254.600] is_a: CL:0000219 ! motile cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000334 name: vegetative cell (sensu Fungi) related_synonym: "yeast-form" [] xref_analog: FAO:0000032 is_a: CL:0000521 ! fungal cell [Term] id: CL:0000335 name: mesenchyme condensation cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000336 name: adrenal medulla cell exact_synonym: "chromafin cell" [] relationship: develops_from CL:0000011 ! trunk neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000337 name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) broad_synonym: "neuroblast" [] is_a: CL:0000031 ! neuroblast [Term] id: CL:0000338 name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) broad_synonym: "neuroblast" [] is_a: CL:0000031 ! neuroblast [Term] id: CL:0000339 name: glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000030 ! glioblast is_a: CL:0000123 ! neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000340 name: glioblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000030 ! glioblast is_a: CL:0000130 ! neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000341 name: pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000342 name: pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000343 name: visual pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000149 ! visual pigment cell is_a: CL:0000342 ! pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000344 name: non-visual cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000342 ! pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000345 name: dental papilla cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000346 name: hair papilla cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000347 name: scleral cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000348 name: choroidal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000349 name: extraembryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000350 name: amnioserosal cell is_a: CL:0000349 ! extraembryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000351 name: trophoblast cell def: "A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface." [MESH:A.11.936] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage is_a: CL:0000349 ! extraembryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000352 name: epiblast cell related_synonym: "embryonic stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000052 ! totipotent stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000353 name: blastoderm cell def: "An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote)." [MESH:A.11.104] exact_synonym: "blastomere" [] is_a: CL:0000007 ! early embryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000354 name: blastemal cell is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000355 name: muscle stem cell is_a: CL:0000035 ! single fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell is_a: CL:0000680 ! muscle precursor cell [Term] id: CL:0000356 name: hair matrix stem cell is_a: CL:0000035 ! single fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000357 name: stratified epithelial stem cell is_a: CL:0000036 ! epithelial fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000358 name: sphincter associated smooth muscle cell is_a: CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000359 name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell is_a: CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000360 name: morula cell def: "A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass." [MESH:A.16.254.270.550] is_a: CL:0000007 ! early embryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000361 name: gastrula cell def: "A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers." [MESH:A.16.254.412] is_a: CL:0000007 ! early embryonic cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000362 name: epidermal cell def: "A cell found in the outermost layer of the organism." [MA:ma] xref_analog: FMA:62411 is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000363 name: axial cell def: "A secondary vascular cell that develops from the fusiform cambial initials and oriented with their longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. These cells make up the axial system, also known as vertical or longitudinal system." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000009 ! fusiform initial [Term] id: CL:0000364 name: ray cell def: "A cell that develops from the ray initial and composes all rays (panels of tissue variable in height and width, formed by the ray initials in the vascular cambium and extending radially in the secondary xylem and secondary phloem) in the secondary vascular tissues." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000293 ! structural cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000316 ! ray initial [Term] id: CL:0000365 name: zygote def: "Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell." [ISBN:0471245208] xref_analog: TAIR:0000423 is_a: CL:0000220 ! cell by lineage is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000366 name: sperm cell (sensu Viridiplantae) def: "Male gamete, part of male germ unit." [ISBN:0471245208] related_synonym: "gametophyte sperm cell" [] related_synonym: "male gametophyte sperm cell" [] related_synonym: "pollen germ cell " [] xref_analog: TAIR:0000084 is_a: CL:0000408 ! male gamete relationship: develops_from CL:0000280 ! generative cell [Term] id: CL:0000367 name: sheath cell (sensu Nematoda) related_synonym: "glial cell (sensu Nematoda)" [] is_a: CL:0000619 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda) [Term] id: CL:0000368 name: myrosin cell def: "Cell containing glucosinolates ('mustard oil glucosides') and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates. Occurs in eleven dicotyledon families, the two largest of which are the Brassicaceae and Euphorbiaceae." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000369 name: single cell sarcomere is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000370 name: transfer cell def: "Parenchyma cell with the wall ingrowth (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma. Appears to be specialized for short-distance transfer of solutes." [ISBN:0471245208] related_synonym: "intermediary cell" [] is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell is_a: CL:0000668 ! parenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000371 name: protoplast def: "The cell protoplasm after removal of the cell wall." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000578 ! experimentally modified cell [Term] id: CL:0000372 name: tormogen cell exact_synonym: "socket cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005171 is_a: CL:0000098 ! sensory epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000378 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000373 name: histoblast xref_analog: FBbt:00001789 is_a: CL:0000146 ! simple columnar epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000374 name: trichogen cell exact_synonym: "hair cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005169 is_a: CL:0000098 ! sensory epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000375 name: osteoprogenitor cell is_a: CL:0000035 ! single fate stem cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000335 ! mesenchyme condensation cell [Term] id: CL:0000376 name: humidity receptor cell is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:0000377 name: tracheoblast is_a: CL:0000069 ! branched duct epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000378 name: support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000379 name: sensory processing neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000380 name: thecogen cell exact_synonym: "sheath cell" [] is_a: CL:0000378 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000381 name: neurosecretory neuron xref_analog: FBbt:00005130 is_a: CL:0000527 ! efferent neuron [Term] id: CL:0000382 name: scolopidium exact_synonym: "scolopale cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005217 is_a: CL:0000378 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000383 name: nephrogenic mesenchyme stem cell is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000384 name: ligament cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000385 name: prohemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00005062 is_a: CL:0000390 ! blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000386 name: attachment cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000387 name: hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) relationship: develops_from CL:0000385 ! prohemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000388 name: tendon cell exact_synonym: "muscle attachment cell" [] is_a: CL:0000386 ! attachment cell [Term] id: CL:0000389 name: socket cell (sensu Nematoda) is_a: CL:0000619 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda) is_a: CL:0000658 ! cuticle secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000390 name: blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000081 ! blood cell [Term] id: CL:0000391 name: podocyte (sensu Diptera) relationship: develops_from CL:0000395 ! procrystal cell [Term] id: CL:0000392 name: crystal cell is_a: CL:0000391 ! podocyte (sensu Diptera) [Term] id: CL:0000393 name: electrically responsive cell def: "A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000211 ! electrically active cell [Term] id: CL:0000394 name: plasmatocyte xref_analog: FBbt:00001685 is_a: CL:0000387 ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000395 name: procrystal cell xref_analog: FBbt:00001689 is_a: CL:0000387 ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000396 name: lamellocyte xref_analog: FBbt:00001687 is_a: CL:0000394 ! plasmatocyte [Term] id: CL:0000397 name: gangion interneuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000398 name: polygonal cell xref_analog: FBbt:00001691 is_a: CL:0000387 ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000399 name: phloem element is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000264 ! phloem initial [Term] id: CL:0000400 name: pavement cell def: "An epidermal cell with a characteristic convoluted anticlinal cell wall that gives a jigsaw like appearance to the lamina." [ISBN:087694289] is_a: CL:0000362 ! epidermal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000538 ! epidermal initial [Term] id: CL:0000401 name: macrophage (sensu Diptera) xref_analog: FBbt:00001686 is_a: CL:0000394 ! plasmatocyte [Term] id: CL:0000402 name: CNS interneuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000403 name: serotinergic neuron xref_analog: FBbt:00005133 is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000404 name: electrically signaling cell def: "A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000211 ! electrically active cell [Term] id: CL:0000405 name: neuroepidermoblast xref_analog: FBbt:00005148 is_a: CL:0000338 ! neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000406 name: CNS short range interneuron is_a: CL:0000402 ! CNS interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000407 name: scolopidial ligament cell xref_analog: FBbt:00005221 is_a: CL:0000384 ! ligament cell [Term] id: CL:0000408 name: male gamete is_a: CL:0000300 ! gamete [Term] id: CL:0000409 name: scolopidial sheath cell xref_analog: FBbt:00005219 is_a: CL:0000618 ! sheath cell [Term] id: CL:0000410 name: CNS long range interneuron is_a: CL:0000402 ! CNS interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000411 name: hypodermal cell is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell [Term] id: CL:0000412 name: polyploid cell def: "A cell whose nucleus, or nuclei, each contain more than two haploid genomes." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000414 ! cell by ploidy [Term] id: CL:0000413 name: haploid cell def: "A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000414 ! cell by ploidy [Term] id: CL:0000414 name: cell by ploidy def: "A classification of cells by the number of haploid genome equivalents of their nucleus or nuclei." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000012 ! cell by class [Term] id: CL:0000415 name: diploid cell def: "A cell whose nucleus has two haploid genomes." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000414 ! cell by ploidy [Term] id: CL:0000416 name: polytene cell is_a: CL:0000412 ! polyploid cell [Term] id: CL:0000417 name: endopolyploid cell is_a: CL:0000412 ! polyploid cell [Term] id: CL:0000418 name: arcade cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000419 name: seam cell is_a: CL:0000036 ! epithelial fate stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000420 name: syncytial epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000421 name: coelomocyte is_a: CL:0000080 ! circulating cell is_a: CL:0000519 ! phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000422 name: mitogenic signaling cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to cause growth by stimulating cell division in its immediate cellular environment." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000423 name: tip cell is_a: CL:0000422 ! mitogenic signaling cell [Term] id: CL:0000424 name: excretory cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000425 name: pore cell def: "Forms the terminal part of the cuticle-lined excretory duct of C. elegans." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell is_a: CL:0000658 ! cuticle secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000426 name: scaffold cell is_a: CL:0000445 ! apoptosis fated cell [Term] id: CL:0000427 name: GLR cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000428 name: yolk cell is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000429 name: imaginal disc cell is_a: CL:0000146 ! simple columnar epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000430 name: xanthophore def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains cartenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This gives an appearance ranging from a golden yellow to orange and red." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000431 name: iridophore def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000432 name: reticular cell is_a: CL:0000057 ! fibroblast [Term] id: CL:0000433 name: functional megaspore def: "In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that will undergo megagametogenesis." [TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000250 ! megaspore [Term] id: CL:0000434 name: eccrine cell def: "A secretory cell that discharges its product without loss of cytoplasm." [ISBN:0198547684] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000435 name: alkali secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000436 name: vaginal lubricant secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000437 name: follicle stimulating hormone secreting cell exact_synonym: "delta basophil" [] exact_synonym: "gonadotroph" [] is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000639 ! basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis [Term] id: CL:0000438 name: luteinizing hormone secreting cell related_synonym: "gonadotroph" [] exact_synonym: "delta basophila" [] is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000639 ! basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis [Term] id: CL:0000439 name: prolactin secreting cell def: "An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "epsilon-acidophil" [] exact_synonym: "lactotrope" [] exact_synonym: "lactotroph" [] exact_synonym: "lactotropic cell" [] exact_synonym: "mammotrope" [] exact_synonym: "mammotroph" [] exact_synonym: "mammotrophic cell" [] exact_synonym: "mammotropic cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:83096 is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000638 ! acidophil cell [Term] id: CL:0000440 name: melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell def: "A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "melanotrope" [] exact_synonym: "melanotroph" [] is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000441 name: follicle stem cell xref_analog: FBbt:00004903 is_a: CL:0000036 ! epithelial fate stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000442 name: follicular dendritic cell def: "A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the dendritic cell associated with T cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors and C3b receptors, but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B cells during an immune response." [ISBN:127520252] comment: Due to its unique lineage and distinct function, this is not a type of dendritic cell; CL:0000451. is_a: CL:0000473 ! defensive cell [Term] id: CL:0000443 name: calcitonin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000444 name: obliquely striated muscle cell is_a: CL:0000737 ! striated muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000445 name: apoptosis fated cell is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000446 name: parathyroid hormone secreting cell exact_synonym: "chief cell" [] is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000447 name: carbohydrate secreting cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000448 name: white fat cell is_a: CL:0000136 ! fat cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000005 ! fibroblast neural crest derived [Term] id: CL:0000449 name: brown fat cell def: "A cell from the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species, including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is capable of rapid liberation of energy and seems to be important in the maintenance of body temperature immediately after birth and upon waking from hibernation." [MESH:A.10.165.114.322] is_a: CL:0000136 ! fat cell [Term] id: CL:0000450 name: lipocyte is_a: CL:0000136 ! fat cell [Term] id: CL:0000451 name: dendritic cell def: "A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] related_synonym: "interdigitating cell" [] related_synonym: "veiled cell" [] is_a: CL:0000145 ! professional antigen presenting cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000452 name: thyroid hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000453 name: Langerhans cell def: "A stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000840 ! immature myeloid dendritic cell [Term] id: CL:0000454 name: epinephrin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000457 ! biogenic amine secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000455 name: starch sheath cell def: "A cell characterized by conspicuous and rather stable accumulation of starch." [ISBN:044174520] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000456 name: mineralocorticoid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000457 name: biogenic amine secreting cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000458 name: serotin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000457 ! biogenic amine secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000459 name: norepinephrin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000457 ! biogenic amine secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000460 name: glucocorticoid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000461 name: renin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000462 name: adepithelial cell xref_analog: FBbt:00003219 is_a: CL:0000680 ! muscle precursor cell [Term] id: CL:0000463 name: epidermal cell (sensu Insecta) is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000464 ! epidermoblast [Term] id: CL:0000464 name: epidermoblast xref_analog: FBbt:00004994 is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000114 ! surface ectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000465 name: cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda) xref_analog: FBbt:00001666 is_a: CL:0000513 ! cardiac muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000467 name: adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell alt_id: CL:0000640 def: "A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin." [SANBI:mhl] related_synonym: "corticotrophin hormone secreting cell" [] related_synonym: "corticotropin hormone secreting cell" [] exact_synonym: "adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell" [] exact_synonym: "corticotrope" [] exact_synonym: "corticotroph" [] xref_analog: FMA:83098 is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000639 ! basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis [Term] id: CL:0000468 name: neuroglioblast xref_analog: FBbt:00005147 is_a: CL:0000047 ! neuronal stem cell is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell [Term] id: CL:0000469 name: ganglion mother cell xref_analog: FBbt:00005149 is_a: CL:0000468 ! neuroglioblast [Term] id: CL:0000470 name: digestive enzyme secreting cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000472 name: chlorenchyma cell def: "Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts; a component of leaf mesophyll and other green parenchyma tissue." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000628 ! photosynthetic cell is_a: CL:0000668 ! parenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000473 name: defensive cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000474 name: pericardial cell xref_analog: FBbt:00003184 is_a: CL:0000519 ! phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000475 name: degenerate megaspore def: "In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that do not participate in megagametogenesis." [TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000250 ! megaspore [Term] id: CL:0000476 name: thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell def: "A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "beta-basophil" [] exact_synonym: "thyrotrope" [] exact_synonym: "thyrotroph" [] xref_analog: FMA:83099 is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000639 ! basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis [Term] id: CL:0000477 name: follicle cell xref_analog: FBbt:00004904 is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000441 ! follicle stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000478 name: oxytocin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000479 name: vasopressin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000480 name: secretin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000481 name: cholecystokin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000482 name: juvenile hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000483 name: bombesin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000484 name: connective tissue type mast cell def: "A mast cell of the connective tissue." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000097 ! mast cell [Term] id: CL:0000485 name: mucosal type mast cell def: "A mast cell of a mucosal tissue." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000097 ! mast cell [Term] id: CL:0000486 name: garland cell xref_analog: FBbt:00005059 is_a: CL:0000227 ! binucleate cell is_a: CL:0000519 ! phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000487 name: oenocyte xref_analog: FBbt:00004995 is_a: CL:0000463 ! epidermal cell (sensu Insecta) [Term] id: CL:0000488 name: visible light photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000210 ! photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000489 name: scotopic photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000210 ! photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000490 name: photopic photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000491 name: cytotoxic T cell def: "OBSOLETE: A cell responsible for spontaneous cytotoxicity of a variety of tumor cells without prior immunization. These natural killer cells are found in non-immune humans and experimental animals and are thought by some to be the same as killer cells (killing by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity), but they can also kill in the absence of antibody." [] comment: This term had an incorrect definition and was overly broad. Consider using 'CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell ; CL:0000794' (in most cases) or another lymphocyte cell type if cytotoxicity is shown to be part of the cell's phenotype in a particular experimental situation. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000492 name: T-helper cell def: "A subpopulation of CD4-positive cells that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, MESH:A.11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400] exact_synonym: "helper T cell" [] exact_synonym: "helper T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-lymphocyte" [] xref_analog: FMA:70572 is_a: CL:0000624 ! CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000493 name: regulatory T cell def: "OBSOLETE: Subpopulation of CD4+ cells which induce CD8+ suppressor T cells to suppress antibody production by B cells. They also stimulate other cellular immune responses." [] comment: This term was defined too narrowly; consider using the term 'regulatory T cell ; CL:0000815' instead. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000494 name: UV sensitive photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000210 ! photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000495 name: blue sensitive photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000490 ! photopic photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000496 name: green sensitive photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000490 ! photopic photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000497 name: red sensitive photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000490 ! photopic photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000498 name: inhibitory interneuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000499 name: stromal cell def: "A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere." [MESH:A.11.329.830] relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000500 name: follicular epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000501 name: granulosa cell def: "A supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the mammalian oocyte in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the ovum in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors." [MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535.200] xref_analog: FMA:18718 is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000502 name: D cell def: "A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin." [MESH:A.03.492.766.440.175] exact_synonym: "type D enteroendocrine cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62935 is_a: CL:0000164 ! enteroendocrine cell is_a: CL:0000172 ! somatostatin secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000503 name: theca cell def: "A flattened stroma cell forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature ovarian follicle. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily androgens which serve as precusors of estrogens in the granulosa cells." [MESH:A.05.360.319.114.630.535.400] xref_analog: FMA:18690 is_a: CL:0000499 ! stromal cell is_a: CL:0000593 ! androgen secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000504 name: enterochromaffin cell def: "An irregular-shaped argyrophilic cell which produces histamine, chromogranin A/pancreastatin, and an as yet unidentified peptide hormone. They are the predominant endocrine cell type of the oxyntic (acid-producing) mucosa of the mammalian stomach. ECL cells respond to gastrin by releasing their secretory products and this source of histamine acts as the positive paracrine stimulator of the release of hydrochloric acid from the parietal cell." [MESH:A.06.224.365] exact_synonym: "argentaffin cell" [] exact_synonym: "Kulchitsky cell" [] is_a: CL:0000164 ! enteroendocrine cell is_a: CL:0000505 ! substance P secreting cell is_a: CL:0000506 ! enkephalin secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000505 name: substance P secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000506 name: enkephalin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000507 ! endorphin secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000507 name: endorphin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000508 name: G cell def: "An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin." [MESH:A.03.492.766.440.300] exact_synonym: "gastrin secreting cell" [] exact_synonym: "type G enteroendocrine cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:67609 is_a: CL:0000164 ! enteroendocrine cell is_a: CL:0000509 ! gastrin secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000509 name: gastrin secreting cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000510 name: Paneth cell def: "An epithelial cell found in the basal part of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn). Paneth cells synthesize and secrete lysozyme and cryptdins." [MESH:A.03.492.411.369.700] is_a: CL:0000131 ! gut endothelial cell is_a: CL:0000150 ! glandular epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000323 ! lysozyme secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000511 name: androgen binding protein secreting cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000512 name: paracrine cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000513 name: cardiac muscle myoblast alt_id: CL:0000714 def: "A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac myocytes." [MESH:A.11.635.470] related_synonym: "cardioblast" [] is_a: CL:0000056 ! myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000514 name: smooth muscle myoblast def: "A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes." [MESH:A.11.635.510] related_synonym: "satellite cell" [] is_a: CL:0000056 ! myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000515 name: skeletal muscle myoblast def: "A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000056 ! myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000516 name: perineuronal satellite cell def: "A non-neuronal cell that surrounds the neuronal cell bodies of the ganglia." [MESH:A.08.340.685] exact_synonym: "perineural satellite cell" [] is_a: CL:0000123 ! neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000243 ! glial cell (sensu Vertebrata) relationship: develops_from CL:0000339 ! glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000517 name: foam cell def: "A type of macrophage containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000518 name: phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) is_a: CL:0000234 ! phagocyte is_a: CL:0000766 ! myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CL:0000519 name: phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000234 ! phagocyte is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000520 name: prokaryotic cell is_a: CL:0000004 ! cell by organism [Term] id: CL:0000521 name: fungal cell is_a: CL:0000255 ! eukaryotic cell [Term] id: CL:0000522 name: spore def: "The reproductive structure of bacteria, fungi and cryptograms." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000004 ! cell by organism is_a: CL:0000520 ! prokaryotic cell is_a: CL:0000521 ! fungal cell [Term] id: CL:0000523 name: mononuclear cytotrophoblast cell is_a: CL:0000351 ! trophoblast cell [Term] id: CL:0000524 name: spheroplast def: "A cell, usually of bacteria or yeast, which has partially lost its cell wall." [MESH:A.11.868] exact_synonym: "sphaeroplast" [] is_a: CL:0000371 ! protoplast [Term] id: CL:0000525 name: syncytiotrophoblast cell is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell is_a: CL:0000351 ! trophoblast cell [Term] id: CL:0000526 name: afferent neuron def: "A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery." [MESH:A.08.663.650] exact_synonym: "input neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000029 ! neuron neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000527 name: efferent neuron def: "A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells." [MESH:A.08.663.655] exact_synonym: "output neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000029 ! neuron neural crest derived is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000528 name: nitrergic neuron def: "A nerve cell where transmission is mediated by nitric oxide." [MESH:A.08.663.748] is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000529 name: pigmented epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000710 ! neuroepithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000530 name: primary neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000531 name: primary sensory neuron is_a: CL:0000101 ! sensory neuron is_a: CL:0000530 ! primary neuron [Term] id: CL:0000532 name: CAP motoneuron is_a: CL:0000533 ! primary motor neuron [Term] id: CL:0000533 name: primary motor neuron is_a: CL:0000100 ! motor neuron is_a: CL:0000530 ! primary neuron [Term] id: CL:0000534 name: primary interneuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron is_a: CL:0000530 ! primary neuron [Term] id: CL:0000535 name: secondary neuron is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000536 name: secondary motor neuron is_a: CL:0000100 ! motor neuron is_a: CL:0000535 ! secondary neuron [Term] id: CL:0000537 name: antipodal cell def: "A cell located at the chalazal end of the mature embryo sac in angiosperms." [ISBN:047125208] is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000538 name: epidermal initial def: "A relatively unspecialized cell that will give rise to specialized cell types of the epidermis." [TAIR:lr] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell is_a: CL:0000685 ! meristematic cell [Term] id: CL:0000539 name: idioblast def: "A cell in a tissue that markedly differs in form, size, or contents from other cells in the same tissue." [ISBN:0471245208] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000540 name: neuron def: "The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system." [MESH:A.08.663] exact_synonym: "nerve cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005106 is_a: CL:0000393 ! electrically responsive cell is_a: CL:0000404 ! electrically signaling cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000031 ! neuroblast [Term] id: CL:0000541 name: melanoblast def: "A cell that originates from the neural crest and differentiates into a pigment cell." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000542 name: lymphocyte def: "A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000842 ! mononuclear cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000051 ! common lymphocyte progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000543 name: sieve tube member def: "One of the series of cellular components of a sieve tube. It shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment." [ISBN:0471245208] exact_synonym: "sieve tube element" [] is_a: CL:0000268 ! sieve element [Term] id: CL:0000544 name: slowly adapting mechanoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000199 ! mechanoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000545 name: T-helper 1 cell def: "A type of T-helper cell whose cytokine production favors cellular immune responses and delayed type hypersensitivity." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "helper T cell type 1" [] exact_synonym: "helper T lymphocyte type 1" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-cell type 1" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-lymphocyte type 1" [] exact_synonym: "TH1 cell" [] is_a: CL:0000492 ! T-helper cell [Term] id: CL:0000546 name: T-helper 2 cell def: "A type of T-helper cell whose cytokine production promotes defense against extracellular parasites and humoral immune responses typical of allergy." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "helper T cell type 2" [] exact_synonym: "helper T lymphocyte type 2" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-cell type 2" [] exact_synonym: "helper T-lymphocyte type 2" [] exact_synonym: "TH2 cell" [] is_a: CL:0000492 ! T-helper cell [Term] id: CL:0000547 name: proerythroblast def: "An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells." [ISBN:0721601464, MESH:A.11.118.290.350.200] related_synonym: "pronormoblast" [] exact_synonym: "rubriblast" [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000764 ! erythroid lineage cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000038 ! erythroid progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000548 name: animal cell is_a: CL:0000255 ! eukaryotic cell [Term] id: CL:0000549 name: basophilic erythroblast def: "A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared." [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "basophilic normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "early erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "early normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "prorubricyte" [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000765 ! erythroblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000547 ! proerythroblast [Term] id: CL:0000550 name: polychromatophilic erythroblast def: "A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely blue color, but takes on an acidophilic tint, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps." [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "intermediate erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "intermediate normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "polychromatic erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "polychromatic normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "polychromatophilic normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "rubricyte" [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000765 ! erythroblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000549 ! basophilic erythroblast [Term] id: CL:0000551 name: unimodal nocireceptor is_a: CL:0000198 ! pain receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000552 name: orthochromatic erythroblast def: "The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated." [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "acidophilic erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "eosinophilic erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "orthochromatic normoblast" [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "pyknotic erythroblast" [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000765 ! erythroblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000550 ! polychromatophilic erythroblast [Term] id: CL:0000553 name: megakaryocyte progenitor cell def: "The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series." [ISBN:0721601464] related_synonym: "promegacaryocyte" [] related_synonym: "promegakaryocyte" [] exact_synonym: "megacaryoblast" [] exact_synonym: "megacaryocyte progenitor cell" [] exact_synonym: "megakaryoblast" [] xref_analog: FMA:84235 is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000050 ! megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000554 name: gastrin stimulating hormone secreting cell is_a: CL:0000167 ! peptide hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000555 name: brush cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000556 name: megakaryocyte def: "A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm." [ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "megacaryocyte" [] exact_synonym: "megalocaryocyte" [] exact_synonym: "megalokaryocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000763 ! myeloid cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000553 ! megakaryocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000557 name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages." [http://www.copewithcytokines.de, ISBN:0721601464, PMID:15684376, PMID:15867096] exact_synonym: "CFU-GM" [PMID:15867096, ISBN:0721601464, PMID:15684376] exact_synonym: "colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage" [PMID:15867096, ISBN:0721601464, PMID:15684376] exact_synonym: "GMP" [PMID:15867096, ISBN:0721601464, PMID:15684376] exact_synonym: "granulocyte-macrophage progenitor" [PMID:15867096, ISBN:0721601464, PMID:15684376] broad_synonym: "CFU-C , Colony forming unit in culture" [http://www.copewithcytokines.de] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000049 ! common myeloid progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000558 name: reticulocyte def: "An immature erythrocyte showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000081 ! blood cell is_a: CL:0000764 ! erythroid lineage cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000552 ! orthochromatic erythroblast [Term] id: CL:0000559 name: promonocyte def: "A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte." [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000040 ! monoblast [Term] id: CL:0000560 name: band form neutrophil def: "A late neutrophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature neutrophil." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "band cell" [] exact_synonym: "band form" [] exact_synonym: "rod neutrophil" [] exact_synonym: "stab cell" [] narrow_synonym: "band" [] is_a: CL:0000776 ! immature neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000582 ! neutrophilic metamyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000561 name: amacrine cell def: "Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer." [MESH:A.08.663.358.050] exact_synonym: "amacrine neuron" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00005127 is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000562 name: nucleate erythrocyte def: "An erythrocyte having a nucleus." [GOC:add] broad_synonym: "RBC" [] broad_synonym: "red blood cell" [] is_a: CL:0000232 ! erythrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000563 name: endospore is_a: CL:0000520 ! prokaryotic cell [Term] id: CL:0000564 name: neutrophilic promyelocyte def: "A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "neutrophilic premyelocyte" [] exact_synonym: "neutrophilic progranulocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000836 ! promyelocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000042 ! neutrophilic myeloblast [Term] id: CL:0000565 name: fat body cell def: "A cell whose primary function is intermediary metabolism." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000181 ! metabolising cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000566 name: angioblastic mesenchymal cell exact_synonym: "angioblast" [] is_a: CL:0000048 ! multi fate stem cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000567 name: polymodal nocireceptor is_a: CL:0000198 ! pain receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000568 name: apud cell def: "A cell that develops from primitive cell types in the neural crest. During ontogeny they migrate to the foregut and specific locations of the neuroendocrine system. Properly located these cells form part of the normal hormone producing tissues of the neuroendocrine system. If misdirected these cells may become hyperplastic, adenomatous, or malignant." [MESH:A.11.070] is_a: CL:0000165 ! neuroendocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000569 name: cardiac mesenchymal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000011 ! trunk neural crest cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000570 name: parafollicular cell exact_synonym: "C cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:68653 relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000571 name: leucophore def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains uric acid or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called leucosomes. The crystals reflect light and this gives a white appearance under white light." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000573 name: retinal cone cell def: "One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision." [MESH:A.08.663.650.650.670.100] xref_analog: FMA:67748 is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000574 name: erythrophore def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives an orange to red appearance." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000575 name: corneal epithelial cell xref_analog: FMA:70551 is_a: CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000576 name: monocyte def: "Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood." [MESH:A.11.118.637.555.652] is_a: CL:0000113 ! mononuclear phagocyte is_a: CL:0000145 ! professional antigen presenting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000559 ! promonocyte [Term] id: CL:0000577 name: enterochromaffin like cell def: "One of a group of basal granular cells of the mammalian gut whose granules stain readily with silver and chromium salts. The cells secrete serotonin, substance P, and enkephalins. There are three types: gastric (antral mucosa), duodenal, and intestinal." [MESH:A.03.492.766.440.250] exact_synonym: "ECL cell" [] is_a: CL:0000164 ! enteroendocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000578 name: experimentally modified cell def: "A cell that has been changed as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000000 ! cell [Term] id: CL:0000579 name: border follicle cell xref_analog: FBbt:00004905 is_a: CL:0000477 ! follicle cell [Term] id: CL:0000580 name: neutrophilic myelocyte def: "A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000776 ! immature neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000564 ! neutrophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000581 name: peritoneal macrophage def: "A mononuclear phagocyte that develops from bone marrow precursors but is resident in the peritoneum." [MESH:A.11.329.372.630] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000582 name: neutrophilic metamyelocyte def: "A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a meylocyte and the band form neutrophil. The protein synthesis seen in earlier stages decreases or stops; the nucleus becomes indented and its chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; and the cytoplasm becomes pink like that of a mature granulocyte." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "juvenile neutrophil" [] is_a: CL:0000776 ! immature neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000580 ! neutrophilic myelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000583 name: alveolar macrophage def: "Round, granular, mononuclear phagocyte found in the alveoli of the lungs. Ingests small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells." [MESH:A.11.329.372.600] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000584 name: enterocyte def: "An epithelial cell that has its apical plasma membrane folded into microvilli to provide ample surface for the absorption of nutrients from the intestinal lumen." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000239 ! brush border epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000585 name: null cell def: "OBSOLETE: A class of lymphocytes characterized by the lack of surface markers specific for either T or B cells." [] comment: This term is rather archaic; consider using 'natural killer cell ; CL:0000623', 'pro-B cell ; CL:0000826', 'pro-T cell ; CL:0000827', or other appropriate lymphocyte-related term depending on the context. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000586 name: germ cell def: "The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms." [MESH:A.05.360.490] is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell [Term] id: CL:0000587 name: cold sensing thermoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000205 ! thermoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000588 name: odontoclast def: "A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, MESH:A.11.329.679] is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast [Term] id: CL:0000589 name: inner hair cell def: "A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated." [MESH:A.08.663.650.250.250] exact_synonym: "cochlear inner hair cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62365 is_a: CL:0000202 ! auditory hair cell [Term] id: CL:0000590 name: small luteal cell is_a: CL:0000175 ! luteal cell is_a: CL:0000179 ! progesterone secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000503 ! theca cell [Term] id: CL:0000591 name: warmth sensing thermoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000205 ! thermoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000592 name: large luteal cell is_a: CL:0000175 ! luteal cell is_a: CL:0000177 ! testosterone secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000501 ! granulosa cell [Term] id: CL:0000593 name: androgen secreting cell is_a: CL:0000174 ! steroid hormone secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000594 name: skeletal muscle satellite cell def: "An elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblast lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration." [MESH:A.11.635.500.700] is_a: CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000595 name: enucleate erythrocyte def: "An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus." [GOC:add] broad_synonym: "RBC" [] broad_synonym: "red blood cell" [] is_a: CL:0000225 ! anucleate cell is_a: CL:0000232 ! erythrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000596 name: sexual spore exact_synonym: "meiotically-derived spore" [] xref_analog: FAO:0000017 is_a: CL:0000522 ! spore [Term] id: CL:0000597 name: microconidium xref_analog: FAO:0000028 is_a: CL:0000599 ! conidium [Term] id: CL:0000598 name: pyramidal cell def: "A projection neuron in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region." [MESH:A.08.186.211.577.405.700] exact_synonym: "projection neuron" [] exact_synonym: "pyramidal neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000599 name: conidium def: "A non-motile asexual spore that has not developed by cytoplasmic cleavage (see: sporangiospore ; CL:0000616) or free-cell formation (see: ascospore ; CL:0000607)." [ISBN:08199377X] xref_analog: FAO:0000024 is_a: CL:0000605 ! asexual spore [Term] id: CL:0000600 name: heterokaryon def: "A fungal cell with two or more genetically distinct nuclei." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell is_a: CL:0000521 ! fungal cell [Term] id: CL:0000601 name: outer hair cell def: "A mechanoreceptor in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea." [MESH:A.08.663.650.250.315] exact_synonym: "cochlear outer hair cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:62366 is_a: CL:0000202 ! auditory hair cell [Term] id: CL:0000602 name: pressoreceptor cell def: "A receptor in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which is sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls." [MESH:A.08.800.050.800.900.700] is_a: CL:1000082 ! stretch receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000603 name: dikaryon def: "A fungal cell with two genetically distinct haploid nuclei." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000227 ! binucleate cell is_a: CL:0000521 ! fungal cell is_a: CL:0000600 ! heterokaryon [Term] id: CL:0000604 name: retinal rod cell def: "One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision." [MESH:A.08.663.650.650.670.650] xref_analog: FMA:67747 is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000605 name: asexual spore xref_analog: FAO:0000023 is_a: CL:0000522 ! spore [Term] id: CL:0000606 name: macroconidium xref_analog: FAO:0000038 is_a: CL:0000599 ! conidium [Term] id: CL:0000607 name: ascospore def: "A sexual spore produced in an ascus by 'free cell formation'. Has a multilayered spore wall." [ISBN:08199377X] xref_analog: FAO:0000020 is_a: CL:0000596 ! sexual spore [Term] id: CL:0000608 name: zygospore def: "A resting spore resulting from the conjugation of isogametes or from the fusion of like gametangia." [ISBN:08199377X] xref_analog: FAO:0000040 is_a: CL:0000522 ! spore [Term] id: CL:0000609 name: vestibular hair cell def: "A mechanoreceptor located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem." [MESH:A.08.663.650.250.380] is_a: CL:0000202 ! auditory hair cell [Term] id: CL:0000610 name: plant cell def: "A cell found in seeded plants." [TAIR:syr] is_a: CL:0000255 ! eukaryotic cell [Term] id: CL:0000611 name: eosinophil progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell committed to the eosinophil lineage." [http://www.copewithcytokines.de] related_synonym: "CFU-Eo" [] related_synonym: "colony forming unit eosinophil" [] related_synonym: "eosinophil stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000612 name: eosinophilic myelocyte def: "A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000772 ! immature eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000833 ! eosinophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000613 name: basophil progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage." [GOC:add, http://www.copewithcytokines.de] related_synonym: "basophilic stem cell" [] related_synonym: "CFU-Bas" [] related_synonym: "colony forming unit basophil" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000614 name: basophilic myelocyte def: "A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, differentiation of cytoplasmic granules has begun." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000768 ! immature basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000830 ! basophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000615 name: basidiospore def: "A spore containing one or two haploid nuclei produced, after meiosis, on a basidium." [ISBN:08199377X] xref_analog: FAO:0000021 is_a: CL:0000596 ! sexual spore [Term] id: CL:0000616 name: sporangiospore def: "A walled spore produced in a sporangium." [ISBN:08199377X] is_a: CL:0000605 ! asexual spore [Term] id: CL:0000617 name: GABAergic neuron is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000618 name: sheath cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000619 name: support cell (sensu Nematoda) is_a: CL:0000124 ! glial cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) is_a: CL:0000378 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000620 name: zoospore def: "A sporangiospore that is motile, having flagella." [ISBN:08199377X] xref_analog: FAO:0000039 is_a: CL:0000616 ! sporangiospore [Term] id: CL:0000621 name: fusion competent myoblast is_a: CL:0000056 ! myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000622 name: acinar cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000623 name: natural killer cell def: "A natural killer cell is a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771571] exact_synonym: "NK cell" [] broad_synonym: "large granular lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "null cell" [] is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000825 ! natural killer cell progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000624 name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell def: "A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000791 ! mature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000810 ! CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000625 name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell def: "A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000791 ! mature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000811 ! CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000627 name: transporting cell def: "A cell involved in transporting nutrients, minerals, water, gases and other chemicals between cells for a variety of purposes including conveying nutrition to other tissues, removing waste products from the tissues, conveying gases for respiration, distributing heat and repelling invasion of foreign substances." [TAIR:sr] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000628 name: photosynthetic cell def: "A cell that can perform photosynthesis, in which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water, using light as the energy source." [TAIR:sr] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000629 name: storage cell def: "A cell that is specialized to store a particular substance(s), which is(are) later released from the store for a particular purpose." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000630 name: supportive cell def: "A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types." [FB:ma] is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000631 name: labyrinth supporting cell def: "Cells forming a framework supporting the organ of Corti. Specific cells are those of Claudius, Deiters and Hensen." [MESH:A.09.246.631.246.577.543] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000632 name: ito cell exact_synonym: "hepatic perisinusoidal cell" [] exact_synonym: "perisinusoidal cell" [] xref_analog: FMA:67763 is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000633 name: Hensen cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000634 name: Claudius cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000635 name: Deiter's cell related_synonym: "phalangeal cell" [] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000636 name: Muller cell is_a: CL:0000127 ! astrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000637 name: chromophil cell is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000638 name: acidophil cell exact_synonym: "alpha cell" [] is_a: CL:0000637 ! chromophil cell [Term] id: CL:0000639 name: basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis related_synonym: "beta cell" [] is_a: CL:0000637 ! chromophil cell [Term] id: CL:0000641 name: chromophobe cell exact_synonym: "chromophobic cell" [] is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000642 name: folliculostellate cell def: "A supportive cell of the vertebrate pituitary that provides macromolecular transport and secretes hormones." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000643 name: tanycyte is_a: CL:0000127 ! astrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000644 name: Bergmann glial cell is_a: CL:0000127 ! astrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000645 name: pituicyte is_a: CL:0000127 ! astrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000646 name: basal cell is_a: CL:0000036 ! epithelial fate stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000647 name: multinucleated giant cell def: "A phagocytic cell formed by the fusion of macrophages." [GOC:add, ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] exact_synonym: "foreign body giant cell" [ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] exact_synonym: "Langerhans giant cell" [ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] exact_synonym: "macrophage polykaryon" [ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] exact_synonym: "multinucleate giant cell" [ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] exact_synonym: "syncytial giant cell" [ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:0702024783] is_a: CL:0000783 ! multinucleated phagocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000648 name: juxtaglomerular cell xref_analog: FMA:84138 is_a: CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000649 name: prickle cell is_a: CL:0000312 ! keratinocyte [Term] id: CL:0000650 name: mesangial cell xref_analog: FMA:70972 relationship: develops_from CL:0000134 ! mesenchymal cell [Term] id: CL:0000651 name: neck cell exact_synonym: "mucous neck cell" [] is_a: CL:0000319 ! mucus secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000652 name: pinealocyte is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000653 name: podocyte is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000654 name: primary oocyte xref_analog: FMA:18645 is_a: CL:0000023 ! oocyte [Term] id: CL:0000655 name: secondary oocyte xref_analog: FMA:18646 is_a: CL:0000023 ! oocyte [Term] id: CL:0000656 name: primary spermatocyte is_a: CL:0000017 ! spermatocyte [Term] id: CL:0000657 name: secondary spermatocyte xref_analog: FBbt:00004941 is_a: CL:0000017 ! spermatocyte [Term] id: CL:0000658 name: cuticle secreting cell is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000659 name: eggshell secreting cell is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell is_a: CL:0000500 ! follicular epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000660 name: glycocalyx secreting cell is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000661 name: distal tip cell (sensu Nematoda) is_a: CL:0000422 ! mitogenic signaling cell [Term] id: CL:0000662 name: neuroglioblast (sensu Nematoda) is_a: CL:0000468 ! neuroglioblast [Term] id: CL:0000663 name: valve cell is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000664 name: closable valve cell is_a: CL:0000185 ! myoepithelial cell is_a: CL:0000663 ! valve cell [Term] id: CL:0000665 name: permanently open valve cell is_a: CL:0000663 ! valve cell [Term] id: CL:0000666 name: fenestrated cell exact_synonym: "window cell" [] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000667 name: collagen secreting cell is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000668 name: parenchymal cell def: "Typically this is a not distinctly specialized cell with a nucleate protoplast concerned with one or more of the various physiological and biochemical activities in plants. Varies in size, form, and wall structure." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell [Term] id: CL:0000669 name: adventitial cell exact_synonym: "reticular cell" [] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000670 name: primordial germ cell is_a: CL:0000039 ! germ line cell is_a: CL:0000219 ! motile cell [Term] id: CL:0000671 name: centripetally migrating follicle cell xref_analog: FBbt:00004906 is_a: CL:0000477 ! follicle cell [Term] id: CL:0000672 name: tracheary element def: "A water conducting cell, tracheid or vessel member." [ISBN:0471245208] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000673 name: Kenyon cell is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000674 name: interfollicle cell exact_synonym: "stalk cell" [] xref_analog: FBbt:00004910 is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000675 name: female gamete is_a: CL:0000300 ! gamete [Term] id: CL:0000676 name: cap cell is_a: CL:0000378 ! support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000677 name: gut absorptive cell def: "Cell of the intestinal epithelium with a brush border made up of many parallel packed microvilli; associated with absorption, particularly of macromolecules." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000212 ! absorptive cell [Term] id: CL:0000678 name: commisural neuron is_a: CL:0000372 ! tormogen cell [Term] id: CL:0000679 name: glutamatergic neuron is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000680 name: muscle precursor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000681 name: radial glial cell def: "A transient cell present only in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration." [MGD:dph] is_a: CL:0000337 ! neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) relationship: develops_from CL:0000710 ! neuroepithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000682 name: M cell def: "An absorptive cell of the mammalian gut epithelium that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them to the subepithelial space where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000473 ! defensive cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000683 name: ependymoglial cell def: "A cell that transports hormones from neurosecretory cells." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000127 ! astrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000684 name: littoral cell of liver is_a: CL:0000077 ! mesothelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000685 name: meristematic cell def: "A cell synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall." [PO:0004010] is_a: CL:0000610 ! plant cell is_a: CL:0000723 ! somatic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000686 name: cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000333 ! neural crest cell [Term] id: CL:0000687 name: R1 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000688 name: perijunctional fibroblast def: "A fibroblast-like cell that provides support at neuromuscular junctions in vertebrates and are localized outside the synaptic basal lamina." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000057 ! fibroblast is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000689 name: myoendocrine cell def: "A cell with both myofibrils and secretory granules." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000163 ! endocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000690 name: R2 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000691 name: stellate interneuron is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000692 name: terminal Schwann cell def: "A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system inside the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction providing chemical and physical support to the synapse." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000125 ! glial cell [Term] id: CL:0000693 name: neuroglioform cell def: "A stellate interneuron having 7-10 dendrites that may branch." [JB:jb] exact_synonym: "spiderweb cell" [] is_a: CL:0000691 ! stellate interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000694 name: R3 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000695 name: Cajal-Retzius cell def: "One of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene." [PMID:10600995, PMID:9728912] is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000696 name: pp cell def: "A cell that stores pancreatic polypeptides." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000325 ! stuff accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000697 name: R4 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000698 name: paraganglial cell is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CL:0000699 name: paraganglial type 1 cell is_a: CL:0000165 ! neuroendocrine cell [Term] id: CL:0000700 name: dopaminergic neuron def: "A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter." [CL:dhill] is_a: CL:0000107 ! autonomic neuron [Term] id: CL:0000701 name: paraganglia type 2 cell def: "Supports paraganglial type 1 cell." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000702 name: R5 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000703 name: sustentacular cell def: "Cell that provides some or all mechanical, nutritional and phagocytic support to their neighbors." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000704 name: endothelial tip cell def: "A specialized endothelial cell that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels." [PMID:15376331] is_a: CL:0000071 ! blood vessel endothelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000705 name: R6 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000706 name: choroid plexus epithelial cell def: "Specialized ependymal cell that produces the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood and secretes it into the lumen of the brain and spinal chord." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000065 ! ependymal cell is_a: CL:0000627 ! transporting cell [Term] id: CL:0000707 name: R7 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000494 ! UV sensitive photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000708 name: leptomemingeal cell def: "Stromal cell that forms the internal covering of the vertebrate brain and produces ECM for this and the choroid plexus." [JB:jb] is_a: CL:0000327 ! extracellular matrix secreting cell [Term] id: CL:0000709 name: R8 photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000287 ! eye photoreceptor cell is_a: CL:0000488 ! visible light photoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000710 name: neuroepithelial cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000711 name: cumulus cell is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000501 ! granulosa cell [Term] id: CL:0000712 name: stratum granulosum cell is_a: CL:0000362 ! epidermal cell [Term] id: CL:0000713 name: corona radiata cell is_a: CL:0000711 ! cumulus cell [Term] id: CL:0000715 name: embryonic crystal cell is_a: CL:0000392 ! crystal cell is_a: CL:0000736 ! embryonic gland hemocyte [Term] id: CL:0000716 name: lymph gland crystal cell is_a: CL:0000392 ! crystal cell is_a: CL:0000735 ! lymph gland hemocyte [Term] id: CL:0000717 name: fusimotor neuron def: "A subset of motor neurons that innervates intrafusal muscle fibers and has small diameter axons." [PMID:15582775] is_a: CL:0000100 ! motor neuron [Term] id: CL:0000718 name: cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) is_a: CL:0000306 ! crystallin accumulating cell [Term] id: CL:0000719 name: posterior cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) is_a: CL:0000718 ! cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) [Term] id: CL:0000720 name: anterior cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) is_a: CL:0000718 ! cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) [Term] id: CL:0000721 name: equatorial cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) is_a: CL:0000718 ! cone cell (sensu Endopterygota) [Term] id: CL:0000722 name: cystoblast is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell is_a: CL:0000586 ! germ cell [Term] id: CL:0000723 name: somatic stem cell is_a: CL:0000034 ! stem cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000724 name: heterocyst def: " A differentiated cell that functions as a site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions." [MA:ma] is_a: CL:0000520 ! prokaryotic cell is_a: CL:0000725 ! nitrogen fixing cell [Term] id: CL:0000725 name: nitrogen fixing cell is_a: CL:0000144 ! cell by function [Term] id: CL:0000726 name: chlamydospore def: "An asexual 1-celled spore (primarily for perennation, not dissemination). Originates endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell by the contraction of the protoplast. Possesses an inner secondary and often thickened hyaline or brown wall, usually impregnated with hydrophobic material." [ISBN:085199377X] is_a: CL:0000605 ! asexual spore [Term] id: CL:0000727 name: primary pigment cell is_a: CL:0001658 ! visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000728 name: secondary pigment cell is_a: CL:0001658 ! visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000729 name: tertiary pigment cell is_a: CL:0001658 ! visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000730 name: leading edge cell def: "A cell at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet." [MA:ma] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000731 name: urothelial cell def: "A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria." [MA:ma] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell is_a: CL:0000548 ! animal cell [Term] id: CL:0000732 name: amoeboid cell is_a: CL:0000219 ! motile cell [Term] id: CL:0000733 name: lymph gland plasmatocyte is_a: CL:0000394 ! plasmatocyte is_a: CL:0000735 ! lymph gland hemocyte [Term] id: CL:0000734 name: embryonic gland plasmatocyte is_a: CL:0000394 ! plasmatocyte is_a: CL:0000736 ! embryonic gland hemocyte [Term] id: CL:0000735 name: lymph gland hemocyte is_a: CL:0000387 ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000736 name: embryonic gland hemocyte is_a: CL:0000387 ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:0000737 name: striated muscle cell is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000738 name: leukocyte def: "A nucleated cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue." [GOC:add] exact_synonym: "immune cell" [] exact_synonym: "leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "white blood cell" [] is_a: CL:0000080 ! circulating cell is_a: CL:0000219 ! motile cell is_a: CL:0000473 ! defensive cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000037 ! hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000740 name: retinal ganglion cell def: "The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve." [CL:dph] exact_synonym: "gangliocyte" [] exact_synonym: "ganglion cell of retina" [] exact_synonym: "RGC" [] xref_analog: FMA:67765 is_a: CL:0000117 ! CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000741 name: spinal accessory motor neuron def: "A motor neuron that is located in the cervical region of the spinal cord and selectively innervates the sternocleidmastoid or trapezius muscle. Unlike other motor neurons, they extend axons dorsally along lateral margins of the spinal cord." [PMID:16267219] exact_synonym: "SACMN" [] is_a: CL:0000100 ! motor neuron [Term] id: CL:0000742 name: periarticular chondrocyte def: "A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone." [PMID:15951842] is_a: CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000743 name: hypertrophic chondrocyte def: "A terminally differentiated chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone." [PMID:15951842] is_a: CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000744 name: columnar chondrocyte def: "A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate." [PMID:15951842] is_a: CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte [Term] id: CL:0000745 name: horizontal cell def: "A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina." [ISBN:0195088433] is_a: CL:0000099 ! interneuron [Term] id: CL:0000746 name: cardiac muscle cell exact_synonym: "cardiac myocyte" [] exact_synonym: "cardiomyocyte" [] xref_analog: FMA:14067 is_a: CL:0000187 ! muscle cell [Term] id: CL:0000747 name: cyanophore def: "A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains blue pigment of unknown chemical composition in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes. This gives a blue appearance." [SANBI:mhl] related_synonym: "blue chromatophore" [] is_a: CL:0000147 ! pigment cell [Term] id: CL:0000748 name: retinal bipolar neuron def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] is_a: CL:0000103 ! bipolar neuron [Term] id: CL:0000749 name: ON-bipolar cell def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors." [PMID:14689473] is_a: CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron [Term] id: CL:0000750 name: OFF-bipolar cell def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells hyperpolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors." [PMID:14689473] is_a: CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron [Term] id: CL:0000751 name: rod bipolar cell def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] is_a: CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000752 name: cone retinal bipolar cell def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] is_a: CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron [Term] id: CL:0000753 name: type 1 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell body of these cells is in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is stout and the axon terminates in sublamina 1. The axonal terminal is wide and has only a few varicosities." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB1 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000750 ! OFF-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000754 name: type 2 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is not well filled and the dendrites are more delicate than in type 1 cells. The axon terminal is bushier and exhibits a dense plexus of varicosities in the inner part of sublamina 1." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "FMB cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000750 ! OFF-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000755 name: type 3 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is delicate and the dendritic tips appear small when compared with type 1 cells. The axon terminal is stratified and restricted to sublamina 2 of the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB2 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000750 ! OFF-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000756 name: type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a diffuse axon terminal with varicosities in sublaminae 1 and 2 of the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB3 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000750 ! OFF-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000757 name: type 5 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is restricted to sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer. It is narrowly stratified and branched. The dendritic tree has many delicate branches." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB4 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000758 name: type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a loose, delicate axon terminal that opens in sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer and descends into sublamina 4." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB5 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000759 name: type 7 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is narrowly stratified and are found just below a calretinin-expressing band in sublamina 4 of the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "IMB cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000760 name: type 8 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. This cell has the widest dendritic field and the widest axon terminal of all retinal bipolar cells. The axon terminal is delicate and stratified through sublaminae 4 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "DB6 cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000761 name: type 9 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus) def: "An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is wide and the dendritic convergence indicates cone selectivity. The axon terminal is sparsely branched and terminates in sublamina 5 of the inner plexiform layer." [PMID:14689473] exact_synonym: "BB cone bipolar cell" [] is_a: CL:0000749 ! ON-bipolar cell is_a: CL:0000752 ! cone retinal bipolar cell [Term] id: CL:0000762 name: thrombocyte def: "A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates." [GOC:add] comment: Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. Use platelet ; CL:0000233 for thrombocytes (platelets) in mammals. is_a: CL:0000081 ! blood cell is_a: CL:0000763 ! myeloid cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000828 ! thromboblast [Term] id: CL:0000763 name: myeloid cell def: "A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000080 ! circulating cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000049 ! common myeloid progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000764 name: erythroid lineage cell def: "A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000763 ! myeloid cell [Term] id: CL:0000765 name: erythroblast def: "A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "normoblast" [] is_a: CL:0000764 ! erythroid lineage cell [Term] id: CL:0000766 name: myeloid leukocyte def: "A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000738 ! leukocyte is_a: CL:0000763 ! myeloid cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000049 ! common myeloid progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000767 name: basophil def: "Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] comment: This term covers both immature and mature forms of basophils. exact_synonym: "basophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "basophilic leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000094 ! granulocyte [Term] id: CL:0000768 name: immature basophil def: "Any of the immature forms of a basophil, in which basophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. A basophil is granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "immature basophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature basophilic leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000767 ! basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000830 ! basophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000769 name: basophilic metamyelocyte def: "A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a basophilic myelocyte and a band form basophil." [ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000768 ! immature basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000614 ! basophilic myelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000770 name: band form basophil def: "A late basophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000768 ! immature basophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000769 ! basophilic metamyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000771 name: eosinophil def: "Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "eosinocyte" [] exact_synonym: "eosinophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "eosinophilic leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000094 ! granulocyte [Term] id: CL:0000772 name: immature eosinophil def: "Any of the immature forms of an eosinophil, in which eosinophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. An eosinophil is a granulocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "immature eosinocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature eosinophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature eosinophilic leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000771 ! eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000833 ! eosinophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000773 name: eosinophilic metamyelocyte def: "A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a eosinophilic myelocyte and a band form eosinophil." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000772 ! immature eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000612 ! eosinophilic myelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000774 name: band form eosinophil def: "A late eosinophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000772 ! immature eosinophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000773 ! eosinophilic metamyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000775 name: neutrophil def: "Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "neutrocyte" [] exact_synonym: "neutrophil leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "neutrophil leukocyte" [] exact_synonym: "neutrophilic leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "neutrophilic leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "PMN" [] broad_synonym: "poly" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polymorphonuclear neutrophil" [] broad_synonym: "polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte" [] broad_synonym: "polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000094 ! granulocyte is_a: CL:0000518 ! phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000776 name: immature neutrophil def: "Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. A neutrophil is a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] exact_synonym: "immatuer neutrophilic leukocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature neutrocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature neutrophil leucocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature neutrophil leukocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature neutrophilic leucocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000775 ! neutrophil relationship: develops_from CL:0000564 ! neutrophilic promyelocyte [Term] id: CL:0000777 name: mesangial phagocyte def: "A mononuclear phagocyte of the renal glomerular mesangium, of hematopoietic origin." [GOC:add, ISBN:0702022918, ISBN:3540536663, PMID:1600140, PMID:16146841] broad_synonym: "mesangial cell" [] is_a: CL:0000235 ! macrophage [Term] id: CL:0000778 name: mononuclear osteoclast def: "A specialized mononuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone." [GOC:add, PMID:12713016, PMID:9415452] is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast is_a: CL:0000113 ! mononuclear phagocyte [Term] id: CL:0000779 name: multinuclear osteoclast def: "A specialized multinuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone." [GOC:add, PMID:12713016, PMID:9415452] exact_synonym: "multinucleated osteoclast" [] is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast is_a: CL:0000783 ! multinucleated phagocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000778 ! mononuclear osteoclast [Term] id: CL:0000780 name: multinuclear odontoclast def: "A specialized mononuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, PMID:9415452] exact_synonym: "multinucleated odontoclast" [] is_a: CL:0000588 ! odontoclast is_a: CL:0000779 ! multinuclear osteoclast relationship: develops_from CL:0000781 ! mononuclear odontoclast [Term] id: CL:0000781 name: mononuclear odontoclast def: "A specialized multinuclear phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, PMID:9415452] is_a: CL:0000588 ! odontoclast is_a: CL:0000778 ! mononuclear osteoclast [Term] id: CL:0000782 name: myeloid dendritic cell def: "A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage." [GOC:add, PMID:10449155, PMID:9521319] exact_synonym: "DC1" [] broad_synonym: "interdigitating cell" [] broad_synonym: "veiled cell" [] is_a: CL:0000113 ! mononuclear phagocyte is_a: CL:0000451 ! dendritic cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000576 ! monocyte [Term] id: CL:0000783 name: multinucleated phagocyte def: "A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell is_a: CL:0000518 ! phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) [Term] id: CL:0000784 name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell def: "A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of interferon-gamma in response to infection." [GOC:add, PMID:15549123, PMID:15596797] exact_synonym: "DC2" [] exact_synonym: "interferon-producing cell" [] exact_synonym: "IPC" [] exact_synonym: "lymphoid dendritic cell" [] exact_synonym: "pDC" [] exact_synonym: "plasmacytoid monocytes" [] exact_synonym: "plasmacytoid T cell" [] exact_synonym: "T-associated plasma cells" [] is_a: CL:0000451 ! dendritic cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000037 ! hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000785 name: mature B cell def: "A mature form of a B cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of an immunoglobulin complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "mature B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "mature B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000145 ! professional antigen presenting cell is_a: CL:0000236 ! B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000816 ! immature B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000818 ! transitional stage B cell [Term] id: CL:0000786 name: plasma cell def: "A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, short-lived cell of the B cell lineage devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "plasmacyte" [] is_a: CL:0000154 ! protein secreting cell is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000787 name: memory B cell def: "A distinctly differentiated long-lived B cell that is readily activated upon reencounter of its antigenic determinant. Memory B cells differentiate from antigen-activated B cells which have been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "memory B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "memory B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "memory B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000236 ! B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000788 name: naive B cell def: "A mature B cell which has not yet been activated by antigen." [GOC:add] exact_synonym: "naive B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "nave B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "nave B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000789 name: alpha-beta T cell def: "An immature or mature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000084 ! T cell [Term] id: CL:0000790 name: immature alpha-beta T cell def: "An immature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "immature alpha-beta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature alpha-beta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "immature alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000789 ! alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000804 ! immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000791 name: mature alpha-beta T cell def: "A mature T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "mature alpha-beta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature alpha-beta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "mature alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000789 ! alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000812 ! mature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000792 name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell def: "A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000624 ! CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000815 ! regulatory T cell [Term] id: CL:0000793 name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell def: "A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000624 ! CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000797 ! alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell [Term] id: CL:0000794 name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell def: "A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] comment: Note that while T cels of this subset are loosely referred to 'cytotoxic T cells,' as many other T cell types, including CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells and gamma-delta T cells exhibit cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "cytotoxic T cell" [] broad_synonym: "cytotoxic T lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "cytotoxic T-cell" [] broad_synonym: "cytotoxic T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000625 ! CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000795 name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell def: "A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000625 ! CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000815 ! regulatory T cell [Term] id: CL:0000796 name: CD8 positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell def: "A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000625 ! CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell is_a: CL:0000797 ! alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell [Term] id: CL:0000797 name: alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell def: "An alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000791 ! mature alpha-beta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000798 name: gamma-delta T cell def: "An immature or mature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] comment: Note that gamma-delta T cell have both thymic and extrathymic differentiation pathways. exact_synonym: "gamma-delta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "gamma-delta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "gamma-delta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000084 ! T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000806 ! DN2 immature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000827 ! pro-T cell [Term] id: CL:0000799 name: immature gamma-delta T cell def: "An immature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] comment: Note that gamma-delta T cell have both thymic and extrathymic differentiation pathways. exact_synonym: "immature gamma-delta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature gamma-delta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "immature gamma-delta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000798 ! gamma-delta T cell is_a: CL:0000804 ! immature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000806 ! DN2 immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000800 name: mature gamma-delta T cell def: "A mature T cell expressing an gamma-delta T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "mature gamma-delta T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature gamma-delta T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "mature gamma-delta T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000798 ! gamma-delta T cell is_a: CL:0000812 ! mature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000799 ! immature gamma-delta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000801 name: gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell def: "A gamma-delta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000800 ! mature gamma-delta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000802 name: CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell def: "A CD8-positive, gamma-delta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000801 ! gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell [Term] id: CL:0000803 name: CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell def: "A CD4-positive, gamma-delta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "IEL" [] broad_synonym: "intraepithelial lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000801 ! gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell [Term] id: CL:0000804 name: immature T cell def: "An immature form of a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "immature T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000084 ! T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000827 ! pro-T cell [Term] id: CL:0000805 name: immature single positive T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus that has passed the beta-selection checkpoint and is rapidly proliferating and rearranging the T cell receptor alpha chain and expressing the CD8 coreceptor. This stage comes between the DN4 and DP stages." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "immature single positive T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature single positive T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "immature single positive T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "ISP" [] is_a: CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000808 ! DN4 alpha-beta immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000806 name: DN2 immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus at the earliest stage of T cell receptor rearrangement of the beta, gamma, and delta T cell receptor chains." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "DN2 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DN2 alpha-beta immature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "DN2 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DN2 cell" [] exact_synonym: "DN2 thymocyte" [] exact_synonym: "TN2 cell" [] exact_synonym: "TN2 thymocyte" [] broad_synonym: "thymocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000804 ! immature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000827 ! pro-T cell [Term] id: CL:0000807 name: DN3 immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the T cell receptor beta-chain in complex with the pre-T cell receptor alpha chain." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "DN3 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DN3 alpha-beta immature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "DN3 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DN3 cell" [] exact_synonym: "DN3 thymocyte" [] exact_synonym: "TN3 cell" [] exact_synonym: "TN3 thymocyte" [] broad_synonym: "thymocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000804 ! immature T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000806 ! DN2 immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000808 name: DN4 alpha-beta immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus that has passed the beta-selection checkpoint and is rapidly proliferating and beginning to rearrange the T cell receptor alpha chain." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "DN4 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DN4 cell" [] exact_synonym: "DN4 thymocyte" [] broad_synonym: "thymocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000807 ! DN3 immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000809 name: double-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "double-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "DP cell" [] exact_synonym: "DP thymocyte" [] broad_synonym: "thymocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000805 ! immature single positive T cell [Term] id: CL:0000810 name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as the CD4 coreceptors." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "SP CD4 cell" [] is_a: CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000809 ! double-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000811 name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell def: "An immature T cell in the thymus expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as the CD8 coreceptors." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "SP CD8 cell" [] is_a: CL:0000790 ! immature alpha-beta T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000809 ! double-positive, alpha-beta immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000812 name: mature T cell def: "A mature form of a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "mature T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "mature T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "mature T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000084 ! T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000804 ! immature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000813 name: memory T cell def: "A distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that is readily activated upon reencounter of its antigenic determinant." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "memory T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "memory T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "memory T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000084 ! T cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000812 ! mature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000814 name: NK T cell def: "An alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage bearing natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "natural killer T cell" [] exact_synonym: "natural killer T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "natural killer T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "natural killer T-lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "NK T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "NK T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "NK T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000791 ! mature alpha-beta T cell [Term] id: CL:0000815 name: regulatory T cell def: "A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "regulatory T lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "regulatory T-cell" [] exact_synonym: "regulatory T-lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T lymphocyte" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-cell" [] broad_synonym: "suppressor T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000812 ! mature T cell [Term] id: CL:0000816 name: immature B cell def: "A immature form of a B cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of an immunoglobulin complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "immature B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "immature B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "immature B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000236 ! B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000826 ! pro-B cell [Term] id: CL:0000817 name: pre-B cell def: "A fully committed immature B cell that expresses the pre-B cell receptor." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "pre-B lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000816 ! immature B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000826 ! pro-B cell [Term] id: CL:0000818 name: transitional stage B cell def: "An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature nave stage. Transitional B cells express surface immunoglobulin, and are subject to the process of B cell selection." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "transitional stage B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "transitional stage B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "transitional stage B-lymphocyte" [] narrow_synonym: "T1 B cell" [] narrow_synonym: "T2 B cell" [] narrow_synonym: "T3 B cell" [] is_a: CL:0000816 ! immature B cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000817 ! pre-B cell [Term] id: CL:0000819 name: B-1 B cell def: "A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas." [GOC:add, PMID:11861604] exact_synonym: "B-1 B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "B-1 B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "B-1 B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000236 ! B cell [Term] id: CL:0000820 name: B-1a B cell def: "A B-1 B cell bearing the CD5 surface marker." [GOC:add, PMID:11861604] exact_synonym: "B-1a B lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000819 ! B-1 B cell [Term] id: CL:0000821 name: B-1b B cell def: "A B-1 B cell not bearing the CD5 surface marker, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell." [GOC:add, PMID:11861604] exact_synonym: "B-1b B lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000819 ! B-1 B cell [Term] id: CL:0000822 name: B-2 B cell def: "A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:11861604] related_synonym: "B-0 B cell" [] related_synonym: "follicular B cell" [] exact_synonym: "B-2 B lymphocyte" [] exact_synonym: "B-2 B-cell" [] exact_synonym: "B-2 B-lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000236 ! B cell [Term] id: CL:0000823 name: immature natural killer cell def: "An immature form of a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. Immature natural killer cells have begun to express the characteristic natural killer cell activation and inhibitory molecules through a selection process leading to tolerance to normal self cells." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12457618] related_synonym: "p-NK" [PMID:12457618] is_a: CL:0000623 ! natural killer cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000825 ! natural killer cell progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000824 name: mature natural killer cell def: "A mature form of a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14685782] broad_synonym: "LAK cell" [PMID:14685782] broad_synonym: "lymphokine activated killer cell" [PMID:14685782] is_a: CL:0000623 ! natural killer cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000823 ! immature natural killer cell [Term] id: CL:0000825 name: natural killer cell progenitor def: "A progenitor committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing certain phenotypic markers of the natural killer cell lineage such as the IL-15 receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules." [PMID:11532393, PMID:12457618, PMID:15032583, PMID:15766674] related_synonym: "null cell" [PMID:11532393] related_synonym: "preNK cell" [PMID:11532393] exact_synonym: "NKP" [PMID:12457618, PMID:15032583, PMID:15766674] is_a: CL:0000838 ! lymphoid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000051 ! common lymphocyte progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000826 name: pro-B cell def: "A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "pro-B lymphocyte" [] is_a: CL:0000838 ! lymphoid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000051 ! common lymphocyte progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000827 name: pro-T cell def: "A progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] exact_synonym: "pro-T lymphocyte" [] narrow_synonym: "DN1 cell" [] narrow_synonym: "DN1 thymocyte" [] narrow_synonym: "TN1 cell" [] is_a: CL:0000838 ! lymphoid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000051 ! common lymphocyte progenitor [Term] id: CL:0000828 name: thromboblast def: "A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates." [GOC:add] comment: Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000050 ! megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000829 name: basophilic myeloblast def: "A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000835 ! myeloblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000613 ! basophil progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000830 name: basophilic promyelocyte def: "A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000836 ! promyelocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000829 ! basophilic myeloblast [Term] id: CL:0000831 name: mast cell progenitor def: "A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage." [GOC:add, http://www.copewithcytokines.de, PMID:16006518, PMID:16330751, PMID:8629001, PMID:9354811] related_synonym: "CFU-Mast " [] related_synonym: "CFU-MC" [] related_synonym: "colony forming unit mast cell" [] exact_synonym: "MCP" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000832 name: eosinophilic myeloblast def: "A myeloblast committed to the eosinophil lineage. A myeloblast is the most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000835 ! myeloblast relationship: develops_from CL:0000611 ! eosinophil progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000833 name: eosinophilic promyelocyte def: "A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000836 ! promyelocyte relationship: develops_from CL:0000832 ! eosinophilic myeloblast [Term] id: CL:0000834 name: neutrophil progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell of the neutrophil lineage." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] related_synonym: "neutrophil stem cell" [] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000835 name: myeloblast def: "The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000836 name: promyelocyte def: "A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, and containing a few, as yet undifferentiated, cytoplasmic granules." [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] is_a: CL:0000839 ! myeloid progenitor cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000835 ! myeloblast [Term] id: CL:0000837 name: hematopoietic progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell of any hematopoietic lineage, potentially multipotent." [GOC:add] comment: Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. exact_synonym: "hemopoietic progenitor cell" [] is_a: CL:0000055 ! non-terminally differentiated cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000037 ! hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CL:0000838 name: lymphoid progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell of any lymphoid lineage, potentially multipotent." [GOC:add] comment: Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. is_a: CL:0000837 ! hematopoietic progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000839 name: myeloid progenitor cell def: "A progenitor cell of any myeloid lineage, potentially multipotent." [GOC:add] comment: Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. is_a: CL:0000837 ! hematopoietic progenitor cell [Term] id: CL:0000840 name: immature myeloid dendritic cell def: "An immature cell of the myeloid dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues." [GOC:add, PMID:9521319] is_a: CL:0000782 ! myeloid dendritic cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000576 ! monocyte [Term] id: CL:0000841 name: mature myeloid dendritic cell def: "A mature cell of the myeloid dendritic cell lineage, characterized by a high capacity for antigen presentation and typically found in a lymph node." [GOC:add, PMID: 9521319] is_a: CL:0000782 ! myeloid dendritic cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000840 ! immature myeloid dendritic cell [Term] id: CL:0000842 name: mononuclear cell def: "A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form." [GOC:add] is_a: CL:0000063 ! cell by histology is_a: CL:0000738 ! leukocyte [Term] id: CL:0000843 name: follicular B cell def: "A resting mature B cell with distinct phenotypic characteristics (CD23-positive, CD21-positive) found typically in the B cell follicle region of the spleen." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000844 name: germinal center B cell def: "A rapidly cycling mature B cell distinct phenotypic characteristics involved in T-dependent immune responses and found typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000845 name: marginal zone B cell def: "A CD23-negative, CD21-positive B cell of the marginal zone of the spleen expressing a B cell receptor usually reactive to bacterial cell wall components or senescent self components such as oxidized-LDL." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] is_a: CL:0000785 ! mature B cell [Term] id: CL:0000846 name: vestibular dark cell def: "An epithelial cell of the vestibular sensory organ that is characterized by intense enzymatic activities and numerous basal membrane infoldings." [PMID:11223304] is_a: CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:0000847 name: ciliated olfactory receptor neuron def: "An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob." [PMID:16841163] exact_synonym: "ciliated olfactory sensory neuron" [] exact_synonym: "ciliated sensory neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000207 ! olfactory receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000848 name: microvillous olfactory receptor neuron def: "An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a knob that bears numerous microvilli." [PMID:16841163] related_synonym: "microvillous sensory neuron" [] exact_synonym: "microvillous olfactory sensory neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000207 ! olfactory receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000849 name: crypt olfactory receptor neuron def: "An olfactory receptor cell with short cilia growing in an invagination bordered by microvilli." [PMID:16841163] exact_synonym: "crypt cell" [] exact_synonym: "crypt olfactory sensory neuron" [] exact_synonym: "crypt sensory neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000207 ! olfactory receptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000850 name: serotonergic neuron def: "A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "5-HT neuron" [] exact_synonym: "5-hydroxytryptamine neuron" [] is_a: CL:0000540 ! neuron [Term] id: CL:0000851 name: neuromast mantle cell def: "Neuromast mantle cell is a non-sensory cell. Neuromast mantle cells surround the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secrete cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded." [ISBN:0125296509] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0000852 name: neuromast support cell def: "Neuromast support cell is a non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells." [ISBN:0125296509] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000853 name: olfactory epithelial support cell def: "Olfactory epithelial support cell is a non ciliated columnar cell that\nextends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the\nolfactory epithelium." [SANBI:mhl] exact_synonym: "olfactory sustentacular cell" [] is_a: CL:0000630 ! supportive cell [Term] id: CL:0000854 name: interneuromast cell def: "Interneuromast cell is a neuroectodermal cell deposited by the migrating lateral line primordium between the neuromasts. Interneuromast cells proliferate and migrate to form additional neuromasts." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell relationship: develops_from CL:0000032 ! neuroplacodal cell [Term] id: CL:0000855 name: hair cell def: "Hair cell is a mechanoreceptor cell that is sensitive to movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000199 ! mechanoreceptor cell [Term] id: CL:0000856 name: neuromast hair cell def: "Neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000855 ! hair cell [Term] id: CL:0000857 name: slow muscle myoblast def: "A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into slow muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000858 name: fast muscle myoblast def: "A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into fast muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast [Term] id: CL:0000859 name: cementum secreting cell def: "A secretory cell that secretes cementum, a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth." [SANBI:mhl] is_a: CL:0000151 ! secretory cell [Term] id: CL:0001658 name: visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) xref_analog: FBbt:00004230 is_a: CL:0000149 ! visual pigment cell is_a: CL:0000341 ! pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) [Term] id: CL:1000036 name: hepatic oval cell is_a: CL:0000036 ! epithelial fate stem cell [Term] id: CL:1000082 name: stretch receptor cell is_a: CL:0000006 ! receptor cell (sensu Animalia) [Term] id: CL:1000083 name: stratified keratinized epithelial stem cell is_a: CL:0000357 ! stratified epithelial stem cell [Term] id: CL:1000085 name: stratified non keratinized epithelial stem cell is_a: CL:0000357 ! stratified epithelial stem cell [Term] id: CL:1000191 name: pillar cell def: "A cell that lines the tunnel of Corti in the mammalian cochlea. The tunnel of Corti lies between the single row of inner hair cells and the first row of outer hair cells." [PMID:12417662] related_synonym: "cochlear pillar cell" [] exact_synonym: "pillar cell of cochlea" [] xref_analog: FMA:75722 is_a: CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell [Term] id: CL:1000274 name: trophectodermal cell exact_synonym: "trophectoderm cell" [] is_a: CL:0000349 ! extraembryonic cell [Typedef] id: develops_from name: develops_from is_transitive: true