Alan Rector
Alan Ruttenberg
Andrew Spear
Michel Dumontier
Pierre Grenon
Sivaram Arabandi
Songmao Zhang
Chimezie Ogbuji
Holger Stenzhorn
application/rdf+xml
http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1
en
Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science (IFOMIS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Barry Smith and Pierre Grenon: "The Cornucopia of Formal Ontological Relations"
Barry Smith: "Against Fantology"
Barry Smith: "Basic Tools of Formal Ontology"
Barry Smith: "Beyond Concepts: Ontology as Reality Representation"
Pierre Grenon and Barry Smith: "SNAP and SPAN: Towards Geospatial Dynamics"
Pierre Grenon, Barry Smith and Louis Goldberg: "Biodynamic Ontology: Applying BFO in the Biomedical Domain"
Pierre Grenon: "BFO in a Nutshell: A Bi-categorial Axiomatization of BFO and Comparison with DOLCE"
Pierre Grenon: "Nuts in BFO's Nutshell: Revisions to the Bi-categorial Axiomatization of BFO"
Pierre Grenon: "Spatio-temporality in Basic Formal Ontology: SNAP and SPAN, Upper-Level Ontology, and Framework for Formalization"
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)
The CPR ontology has as its domain of discourse, the domain of clinical medicine and the related
information content and other ”digital entities” that comprise CPR content. It is intended for use as a
coordinate system for managing or eliciting precise meanings of terminology used by healthcare professionals
within subdomains of clinical medicine for (meaningful) use in an application.
This OWL ontology imports BFO, the OBO relationship ontology, and others. It formally
defines a focused, core set of patient care concept archetypes [Jung, C.] replicated in various patient record terminology systems,
and bioinformatic literature. This core is defined in RDF and follows the normalization principles of rigorous formal ontologies [Rector, A.].
It is can be used by patients who are medical laymen but informaticians themselves in building large, meaningfully useful web portal infrastructure for patient-controlled healthcare record systems.
A formal, uniform list of archetypal artifacts in Computer-based Patient Records
1.1.1
Last modification: July 31th, 2011 Chimezie Ogbuji
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an
organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a
Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the
content of the resource.
Contributor
Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name
or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label,
date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named
administrative entity).
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic
Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time
periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as
sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The extent or scope of the content of the resource.
Coverage
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation,
or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should
be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the content
of the resource.
Creator
Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or
availability of the resource. Recommended best practice
for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of
ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.
A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the
resource.
Date
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract,
table of contents, reference to a graphical representation
of content or a free-text account of the content.
An account of the content of the resource.
Description
Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of
the resource. Format may be used to determine the software,
hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the
resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration.
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media
Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).
The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
Format
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
Example formal identification systems include the Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the
International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Resource Identifier
Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066],
which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two-
and three-letter primary language tags with optional
subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English,
"akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the
United Kingdom.
A language of the intellectual content of the resource.
Language
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation,
or a service.
Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to
indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Publisher
Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
A reference to a related resource.
Relation
Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights
management statement for the resource, or reference
a service providing such information. Rights information
often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
Copyright, and various Property Rights.
If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made
about the status of these and other rights with respect to
the resource.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights Management
The present resource may be derived from the Source resource
in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference
the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a
formal identification system.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource
is derived.
Source
Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords,
key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic
of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select
a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal
classification scheme.
The topic of the content of the resource.
Subject and Keywords
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is
formally known.
A name given to the resource.
Title
Type includes terms describing general categories, functions,
genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best
practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary
(for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To
describe the physical or digital manifestation of the
resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the content of the resource.
Resource Type
acts on
acts on
acts on
acted on
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#Procedure-targetSiteCode-att
The anatomical site or system that is the focus of the procedure.
acts on anatomy
is approach via
is approach via
is approach via
was approached via
See SNOMED-CT: the directional, relational, or spatial access to the site of a surgical procedure
approach site
composed by
composed by
composed by
composed by
The relation which holds between representational artifacts and the people who compose them
composed by
has finding site
has finding site
has finding site
had finding site
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#Observation-targetSiteCode-att
.. specifying detail about the anatomical site or system that is the focus of the observation.
Corresponds with SNOMED-CT findingSite relation
has finding site
indicated by
indicated by
indicated by
indicated by
A relation that holds between a cpr:procedure and an entity such that the procedure is advisable
by virtue of the entity
indicated by
plays role
plays role
plays role
plays role
plays role
hypothesized problem
hypothesized problem
hypothesized problem
hypothesized problem
Relate a clinical diagnoses to the diseases they hypothesize exists in the patient
hypothesized problem
caused by
caused by
caused by
caused by
is caused by
contraindicates by
contraindicates
contraindicates
contraindicated
indicates
indicates
indicates
indicates
is the output of
is the output of
is the output of
was the output of
Relates a representational artifact with the process that is responsible for its creation
output of
represents
represents
represents
represented
It is same as Information Artifact Ontology's 'is about' property
[http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/IAO_0000136]
Representational artifacts stand in the cpr:representationOf relation to entities
in the world. Note, this relation is somewhat similar to the relation which holds between web
representations and the resources they describe [Walsh, N - Jacobs, I]. The relation ontology
(RO) does not have a suitable place for this.
describes / is a representation of
represented by
represented by
represented by
represented by
has (as a subject of the record)
has (as a subject of the record)
has (as a subject of the record)
has (as a subject of the record)
A relation that holds between a representational artifact and the person it represents (or a part of
whom it represents
subject of clinical record
actively participates in
actively participates in
actively participates in
actively participates in
is located in
is located in
is located in
was located in
part of
a part of
a part of
a part of
starts no earlier than
starts no earlier than
starts no earlier than
starts no earlier than
starts no earlier than
starts no later than
starts no later than
starts no later than
starts no later than
starts no later than
stops no earlier than
stops no earlier than
stops no earlier than
stops no earlier than
stops no earlier than
stops no later than
stops no later than
stops no later than
stops no later than
stops no later than
physical qualities
physical quality
physical quality
muo:PhysicalQuality
muo:Prefix
muo:QualityValue
unit of measurements
unit of measurement
unit of measurement
muo:UnitOfMeasurement
case history
case history
cpr:anamnesis
The case history of a medical patient as recalled by the patient -- Wordnet
case history
anatomical boundary entities
immaterial anatomical entities
anatomical boundary entity
immaterial anatomical entity
anatomical boundary entity
immaterial anatomical entity
cpr:anatomical-boundary-entity
http://sigpubs.biostr.washington.edu/archive/00000135/
FMA: Immaterial anatomical entity of one less dimension than the anatomical entity it bounds or demarcates
from another anatomical entity. Examples: surface of heart, surface of epithelial cell,
cervicothoracic plane, supra-orbital notch, costal margin, apex beat, Sylvian point.
Anatomical boundary entity
anatomical spaces
anatomical space
anatomical space
cpr:anatomical-space
http://sigpubs.biostr.washington.edu/archive/00000135/
FMA: Non-material physical anatomical entity of three dimensions, which is generated by morphogenetic or
other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more body
substances or anatomical structures. Examples: celom, thoracic cavity, lesser sac
of peritoneum, cavity of right atrium, lumen of aorta, mediastinum, anterior compartment of forearm,
intervertebral foramen.
Anatomical space
anatomical Structures
anatomical Structure
anatomical Structure
cpr:anatomical-structure
http://sigpubs.biostr.washington.edu/archive/00000135/
FMA: Material anatomical entity which has inherent 3D shape; is generated by coordinated expression
of the organism's own structural genes; its parts are spatially related to one another in
patterns determined by coordinated gene expression. Examples: heart, right ventricle, mitral valve,
myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system, hemoglobin, T
cell receptor.
Anatomical Structure
anatomical surfaces
anatomical surface
anatomical surface
cpr:anatomical-surface
http://sigpubs.biostr.washington.edu/archive/00000135/
FMA: Non-material physical anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or
internal surfaces of anatomical structures. Examples: body surface, epigastrium, precordium, right iliac fossa.
Anatomical surface
http://purl.org/obo/owl/FMA#FMA_24137
bodily features
bodily feature
bodily feature
cpr:bodily-feature
Physical component, bodily qualities, and bodily processes ( of an organism )
bodily feature
clinical acts
clinical act
clinical act
cpr:clinical-act
http://www.cycfoundation.org/concepts/MedicalCareEvent
A collection of events. Each instance of medical care is an event in which a medical care professional
provides a medical service to some human or animal patient(s).
Clinical Act
clinical administrations
clinical administration
clinical administration
cpr:clinical-administration-act
http://www.nhsia.nhs.uk/headings/pages/draftinfo.asp
Any administrative act undertaken by a clinician, that supports the assessment or treatment of a patient/client, but which in itself is not investigatory or therapeutic.
Clinical administration
clinical hypothesis-generating acts
clinical hypothesis-generating act
clinical hypothesis-generating act
cpr:clinical-analysis-act
Clinical hypothesis-generating act
clinical diagnoses
clinical diagnosis
clinical diagnosis
cpr:clinical-diagnosis
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/diagnosis
The determination of the nature of a disease, injury, or congenital defect.
clinical diagnosis
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/324/7339/729
http://www.loa-cnr.it/medicine/clin-act/class46.html
clinical examinations
clinical examination
clinical examination
cpr:clinical-examination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_examination
The process by which a health care provider investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease
Clinical examination
clinical phenotypes
clinical phenotype
clinical phenotype
cpr:clinical-phenotype
A constellation of those types of bodily features that are associated with a disorder at each stage of its development.
clinical phenotype
clinician roles
clinician role
clinician role
cpr:clinician-role
Role played by people who participate in clinical activities (typically Nurse, Physician / Doctor,etc.)
Clinician role
computer systems
computer system
computer system
cpr:computer-system
EHR entities
EHR entity
EHR entity
cpr:cpr-entities
"EHR entities"
data entities
data entity
data entity
cpr:data-entity
diagnostic images
diagnostic image
diagnostic image
cpr:diagnostic-image
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#DiagnosticImage-cls
diagnostic procedures
diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure
cpr:diagnostic-procedure
Diagnostic procedure
extra-organismal continuants
extra-organismal continuant
extra-organismal continuant
cpr:extra-organismal-continuant
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Aggregates of organismal continuants
Extra-organismal continuants
images
image
image
cpr:image
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=image
A visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface
image
immaterial anatomical continuants
immaterial anatomical continuant
immaterial anatomical continuant
cpr:immaterial-anatomical-continuant
From FMA: Physical anatomical entity which is a three-dimensional space, surface, line or point associated with a material physical anatomical entity. Examples: body space, surface of heart, costal margin, apex of right lung, anterior compartment of right arm. Comment
Immaterial anatomical continuant
http://purl.org/obo/owl/FMA#FMA_71917
immaterial pathological continuants
immaterial pathological continuant
immaterial pathological continuant
cpr:immaterial-pathological-continuant
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Dependent, pathological, organismal continuants whose existence depends on corresponding independent continuant entities. Spaces, lines, surfaces, and points
Immaterial pathological continuant
infectious diseases
infectious disease
infectious disease
cpr:infectious-disease
infectious disease
laboratory tests
laboratory test
laboratory test
cpr:laboratory-test
A quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components;
Laboratory test
laboratory test findings
laboratory test finding
laboratory test finding
cpr:laboratory-test-finding
The representation of a quality of a specimen, and thereby a patient, that is the output of a laboratory test
Laboratory test finding
cpr:linguistic-construct
longitudinal patient medical histories
longitudinal patient medical history
longitudinal patient medical history
cpr:longitudinal-patient-medical-history
The aggregate of all healthcare activities associated with a particular patient.
Longitudinal healthcare process aggregate
material pathological entities
material pathological entity
material pathological entity
cpr:material-pathological-entity
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Those independent organismal continuants that result from processes other than
those governed by the organisms structural genes.
What Virchow had in mind was that pathological changes in the structure and
function of cells and tissues constitute the disease entity.. (Caroline Whitbeck)
the morphologic changes seen at the tissue level or the cellular level
that are characteristic features of a disease.
Material pathological entity
medical devices
medical device
medical device
cpr:medical-device
medical device
medical history screening acts
medical history screening act
medical history screening act
cpr:medical-history-screening-act
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_history
Any diagnostic act which attempts to determine / realize anamnesis
Medical history screening act
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=anamnesis
medical therapies
medical therapy
medical therapy
cpr:medical-therapy
Medical therapy
medications
medication
medication
cpr:medication
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/medication
http://www.loa-cnr.it/medicine/biologic-substances/class18.html
A medicinal substance, or medicament.
A substance used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention, or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This includes substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically.
Medication
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#Drug
http://www.loa-cnr.it/medicine/biologic-substances/class18.html
cpr:metadata-entity
All these are about describing the artefact itself. Use "puns" for the members of
these now that they are available in OWL
organismal process aggregates
organismal process aggregate
organismal process aggregate
cpr:organismal-process-aggregate
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Organismal process aggregate
pathological dispositions
pathological disposition
pathological disposition
cpr:pathological-disposition
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism
caused by one or more etiologic agents (iii) typically involving an identifiable group of signs and symptoms
and (iv) consistent physiological or anatomical alterations
Pathological disposition (disease)
pathological processes
pathological process
pathological process
cpr:pathological-process
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Pathological process
pathological roles
pathological role
pathological role
cpr:pathological-role
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Pathological role
patients
patient
patient
cpr:patient
A person who participates in a healthcare act while playing the patient role. Directly corresponds with the Patient and MedicalPatient classes in GALEN / Cyc
Patient
patient records
patient record
patient record
cpr:patient-record
an electronic document (a representational artifact) which captures
clinically relevant data about a specific patient and is primarily comprised of one or more
cpr:clinical-artifacts.
patient record
patient roles
patient role
patient role
cpr:patient-role
Role played by people who are the recipient of healthcare services
Patient role
person
person
person
cpr:person
Human / person
http://reliant.teknowledge.com/DAML/SUMO.owl#Human
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#Person
http://www.cycfoundation.org/concepts/Person
pharmacological substances
pharmacological substance
pharmacological substance
cpr:pharmacological-substance
physical anatomical entities
physical anatomical entity
physical anatomical entity
cpr:physical-anatomical-entity
http://sigpubs.biostr.washington.edu/archive/00000135/
FMA: Anatomical entity which has three or fewer spatial dimensions. Examples: hemoglobin molecule,
mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine, peritoneal cavity, diaphragmatic
surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung.
Physical anatomical entity
physical therapies
physical therapy
physical therapy
cpr:physical-therapy
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/physical-therapy
Treatment of pain, disease, or injury by physical means
Physical therapy
physicians
physician
physician
cpr:physician
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/physician
A doctor; a person who has been educated, trained, and licensed to practice the art and science of medicine.
Physician
physician roles
physician role
physician role
cpr:physician-role
Role played by physicians who participate in clinical activities
Physician role
physiological dispositions
physiological disposition
physiological disposition
cpr:physiological-disposition
http://www.ifomis.uni-saarland.de/projects/bfo/manual/
Causes a specific physiological process or transformation in the object in
which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature.
Physiological disposition
physiological processes
physiological process
physiological process
cpr:physiological-process
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/OBR.pdf
Physiological process
physiological roles
physiological role
physiological role
cpr:physiological-role
Physiological role
psychological therapies
psychological therapy
psychological therapy
cpr:psychological-therapy
Psycholoical therapy
representational artifacts
representational artifact
representational artifact
cpr:representational-artifact
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/Terminology_for_Ontologies.pdf
A representation that is fixed in some medium in such a way that it can serve to make the cognitive representations existing in the minds of separate subjects publicly accessible in some enduring fashion. Examples are: a text, a diagram, a map legend, a list, a clinical record, or a controlled vocabulary.
Representational artifact
http://www.cycfoundation.org/concepts/InformationBearingThing
http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects.owl#linguistic-object
http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#def-representation
screening acts
screening act
screening act
cpr:screening-act
http://www.pkc.com/papers/pomr.pdf
Process of data collection with pre-defined and standardized screening
questionnaires in order to discover problems.
http://www.loa-cnr.it/medicine/medical-procedures/class2.html
self examinations
self examination
self examination
cpr:self-examination
Examination performed by a patient on their his or herself to determine the nature or identity of a
disease or disorder
substance administrations
substance administration
substance administration
cpr:substance-administration
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#SubstanceAdministration-cls
Drug adminstration
Substance adminstration
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#DrugAdministration
patient's record of a symptoms
patient's record of a symptom
patient's record of a symptom
cpr:symptom-recording
Recording of a bodily feature of a patient as observed by the patient as a result of a self examination
or elicitation of anamnesis and hypothesized (by the patient) to be a manifestation of a disease.
patient's record of a symptom
syndromes
syndrome
syndrome
cpr:syndrome
therapeutic acts
therapeutic act
therapeutic act
cpr:therapeutic-act
http://www.nhsia.nhs.uk/headings/pages/draftinfo.asp
Any activity which is undertaken to maintain or improve a patient/client's state of health and well-being, relieve distress or reduce risk
Therapeutic act
obo:ObsoleteClass
obo:Subset
obo:Synonym
obo:SynonymType
entities
entity
entity
bfo:Entity
entity
continuants
continuant
continuant
snap:Continuant
Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
Synonyms: endurant
continuant
dependent continuants
dependent continuant
dependent continuant
snap:DependentContinuant
Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.
dependent_continuant
dispositions
disposition
disposition
snap:Disposition
Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C.
Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity.
disposition
snap:FiatObjectPart
Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities.
Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso
Synonyms: fiat substance part
fiat_object_part
snap:Function
Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for.
Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc., the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the digestive function of the stomach to nutriate the body, the function of a hammer to drive in nails, the function of a computer program to compute mathematical equations, the function of an automobile to provide transportation, the function of a judge in a court of law
function
snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant
Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
Examples: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives
generically_dependent_continuant
snap:IndependentContinuant
Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
Synonyms: substantial entity
independent_continuant
snap:MaterialEntity
Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology.
Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body
material_entity
objects
object
object
snap:Object
Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
Examples: an organism, a heart, a chair, a lung, an apple
Synonyms: substance
object
object aggregates
object aggregate
object aggregate
snap:ObjectAggregate
Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.
Examples: a heap of stones, a group of commuters on the subway, a collection of random bacteria, a flock of geese, the patients in a hospital
Synonyms: substance aggregate
object_aggregate
snap:ObjectBoundary
Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal.
Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world.
Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall
Synonyms: substance boundary
object_boundary
snap:OneDimensionalRegion
Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension.
Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space
one_dimensional_region
qualities
quality
quality
snap:Quality
Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property).
Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee
quality
snap:RealizableEntity
Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized.
Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity
realizable_entity
snap:Role
Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university
role
snap:Site
Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of "occupation". That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class).
Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement of other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and of the medium which is enclosed in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria.
site
snap:SpatialRegion
Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself.
Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].
Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities.
Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities.
Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe
spatial_region
snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant
Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc.
Synonyms: property, trope, mode
specifically_dependent_continuant
snap:ThreeDimensionalRegion
Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions.
Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space
three_dimensional_region
snap:TwoDimensionalRegion
Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions.
Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space
two_dimensional_region
snap:ZeroDimensionalRegion
Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions.
Examples: a point
zero_dimensional_region
span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion
Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion].
Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus
connected_spatiotemporal_region
span:ConnectedTemporalRegion
Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.
Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis
connected_temporal_region
span:FiatProcessPart
Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
fiat_process_part
span:Occurrent
Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
Examples: the life of an organism, a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
Synonyms: perdurant
occurrent
span:Process
Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division
process
span:ProcessAggregate
Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.
Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together
process_aggregate
span:ProcessBoundary
Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary.
Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep, the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery
process_boundary
span:ProcessualContext
Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. Processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur.
Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment.
processual_context
span:ProcessualEntity
Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.
Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird
processual_entity
span:ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion
Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which.
Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair
scattered_spatiotemporal_region
span:ScatteredTemporalRegion
Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.
Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair
scattered_temporal_region
span:SpatiotemporalInstant
Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment.
Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process
spatiotemporal_instant
span:SpatiotemporalInterval
Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time.
Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part
spatiotemporal_interval
span:SpatiotemporalRegion
Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself.
Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities.
Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located.
Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
spatiotemporal_region
span:TemporalInstant
Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time.
Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death
temporal_instant
span:TemporalInterval
Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time.
Examples: any continuous temporal duration during which a process occurs
temporal_interval
span:TemporalRegion
Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant].
Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself.
Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called "absolutist" or "the container view" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].
Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time.
Examples: the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death
temporal_region
owl:Thing
From SNOMED-CT: [..] the action being performed to accomplish the procedure.
It does not include the surgical approach (e.g. translumbar), equipment
(e.g. sutures), or physical forces (e.g. laser energy).
The criteria that restricts instances of this defined class to only include those that are 'of' an organism was not axiomatized
Those processes which either take place within the human organism or
are processes of causal interaction in which the human organism is involved.
Activities in the primary-care process are divided into two types of activities, administrative
activities and clinical (encounter) activities. We have focused on the latter group
of activities, activities that are relevant for medical decision making; where the clinical
activities are dependent on information from the patient-record system. We say that the
clinical activities belong to the clinical encounter. The division of activities into two
different types, administrative and clinical, is in accordance with the HL7 RIM
That which is discovered by direct observation or measurement of an
organism attribute or condition, including the clinical history of the patient.
The history of the presence of a disease is a 'Finding' and is distinguished
from the disease itself.
Note, the criteria regarding hypothesis of clinical significance is not axiomatized
A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the nature or identity of a disease or disorder.
This excludes procedures which are primarily carried out on specimens in a laboratory.
the process of inquiry aimed at discovering the causes and mechanisms of
a patient's disease insofar as this information is needed to inform treatment and management
decisions to achieve the best medical outcome for the patient, and to prevent the disease in others.
The type of nucleic acid containing deoxyribose as the sugar component and found principally in the nuclei
(chromatin, chromosomes) and mitochondria of animal and plant cells, usually loosely bound to protein
(hence the term deoxyribonucleoprotein);
Physical basis for a disease
An abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an oranism's genome that is the etiologic agent for a genetic disease
Addresses the shortcoming in the RO in that only continuants can be
agents and doesn't support other scenarios where we with to express a causal relationship
between processes (for instance)
A relation that holds between some entity and a cpr:therapeutic-act such that the therapeutic
act is inadvisable by virtue of the entity
Relates an (informatics) process with a representational artifact that is acted upon by participants
in the process and is a necessary component of the process
From SNOMED-CT: [..] the action being performed to accomplish the procedure
Relates an (informatics) process with a representational artifact that is the result of actions
performed by one or more actors (with an informatics role) that participate
A role placed by a professional who provides a medical service
.. relating to or denoting any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown
Relates a recorded clinical situation with its component parts
Relates an investigative act with the entity it seeks to elicit or discover
Typically used to relate the quality of a participant in an informatics process that resultes in the
representational artifact
Note, this defined class is meant to satisfy the historical recommendation of adopting medical record
terminology that emphasize the ability to present a clinician with a 'problem list' as part of L. Weed
of problem-oriented medical record methodology
From SNOMED-CT: [..] morphologic changes seen at the tissue or cellular level that are characteristic
features of a disease
Relates a processual entity to a point in time that
marks the beginning or end of the (approximate) period when the processual entity
started or when it ended. These are the 4 points in time that comprise a 'fuzzy' temporal interval
Any living individual, whether plant or animal, considered as a whole.
Organisms are the prototypical examples of substances, which are maximal connected
substantial entities. They are those substantial entities which enjoy a certain rounded-
offness or natural completeness, including not only organisms but also cells, rocks, planets,
and a range of self-contained artifacts such as a needle or a plastic bag
Any virus, microorganism, or other substance causing disease.
The intersection of was changed to a unionOf (to address inconsistency)
These are clinical artifacts that represent clinical situations involving findings and observables
A bodily feature that is a consequence of a disease.
Stedman's definition
The recording of any abnormality indicative of disease, discoverable on examination of the patient;
an objective indication of disease, in contrast to a symptom, which is a subjective indication of disease.
Note, here a medical sign is defined as a recording rather than what the recording is a representation of.
Per Ferrarario et.al, "Intuitively, we may say that states are cumulative since
the mereological sum of two instances of the same occurrence-type maintains the same
occurrence-type (e.g the sum of two instances of "desire" is still of the type "desire").
Moreover, states are homeomeric since all their temporal parts are described by the very
same expression used for the whole occurrence"
A procedure, method, or technique designed to prevent a disease or a disorder, or to improve physical function, or used in the process of treating a disease or injury.
A physical sign in which a non-zero value is an indication that the organism is alive
Last modification: July 31th, 2011 Chimezie Ogbuji
Alan Rector
Michel Dumontier
Sivaram Arabandi
Songmao Zhang
Chimezie Ogbuji
The CPR ontology has as its domain of discourse, the domain of clinical medicine and the related
information content and other ”digital entities” that comprise CPR content. It is intended for use as a
coordinate system for managing or eliciting precise meanings of terminology used by healthcare professionals
within subdomains of clinical medicine for (meaningful) use in an application.
This OWL ontology imports BFO, the OBO relationship ontology, and others. It formally
defines a focused, core set of patient care concept archetypes [Jung, C.] replicated in various patient record terminology systems,
and bioinformatic literature. This core is defined in RDF and follows the normalization principles of rigorous formal ontologies [Rector, A.].
It is can be used by patients who are medical laymen but informaticians themselves in building large, meaningfully useful web portal infrastructure for patient-controlled healthcare record systems.
A formal, uniform list of archetypal artifacts in Computer-based Patient Records
Last modification: July 31th, 2011 Chimezie Ogbuji
accomplishment actions
accomplishment action
accomplishment action
cpr:SurgicalMethod
accomplishment action
aggregate bodily features
aggregate bodily feature
aggregate bodily feature
cpr:aggregate-bodily-feature
Constellation of bodily features
biological processes
biological process
biological process
cpr:biological-process
Biological process
clinical artifacts
clinical artifact
clinical artifact
cpr:clinical-artifact
A class which corresponds (at least syntactically) with the HL7 CDA Entry Act Class,
insofar as its members consist of clinical recordings (representational artifacts) of
natural phenomena of clinical significance.
clinical artifact
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#Act-cls
http://xml.coverpages.org/CDA-Release2-Unofficial.html#CDA_Entry_Acts
clinical findings
clinical finding
clinical finding
cpr:clinical-finding
A representation of a bodily feature of a patient that is recorded by a clinician because the feature is
hypothesized to be of clinical significance.
clinical finding
clinical investigation acts
clinical investigation act
clinical investigation act
cpr:clinical-investigation-act
Any activity which is undertaken to find out more information about a patient/client's state of health and
social well-being
Clinical investigation act
DNA structures
DNA structure
DNA structure
cpr:deoxyribonucleic-acid-structure
DNA structure
etiologic agents
etiologic agent
etiologic agent
cpr:etiologic-agent
Toward the end of the nineteenth century the name of a disease came to reflect the type of entity thought
to cause it, the so-called etiologic agent, and etiology soon came to be definitive (i.e., to be regarded as essential)
for those diseases for which it was known, and diagnostic categories were refined to reflect the view that the character
of a disease was determined by the character of its etiologic agent, and etiologic classification became the preferred
mode of classification. (Caroline Whitbeck)
etiologic agent
genetic abnormalities
genetic abnormality
genetic abnormality
cpr:genetic-abnormality
genetic abnormality
causes
causes
causes
is caused
causes
contraindicated by
contraindicated by
contraindicated by
contraindicated by
has contraindication
has (as input)
has (as input)
has (as input)
had (as input)
has input
accomplished via
accomplished via
accomplished via
accomplished via
surgical method
has (as output)
has (as output)
has (as output)
has (as output)
has output
healthcare professional roles
healthcare professional role
healthcare professional role
cpr:healthcare-professional-role
Healthcare professional role
idiopathic diseases
idiopathic disease
idiopathic disease
cpr:idiopathic-disease
idiopathic disease
has (as a component part)
has (as a component part)
has (as a component part)
has (as a component part)
http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ExtendedDnS.owl#setting-for
investigates
investigates
investigates
investigates
measurement of
measurement of
measurement of
measurement of
A specialization of the representation of relation that holds between a representational artifact
and a muo:QualityValue (from the measurement unit ontology): the combination of a numeric value and a
unit of measurement
measurement of
medical problems
medical problem
medical problem
cpr:medical-problem
http://www.pkc.com/papers/pomr.pdf
.. problems that clearly require the intervention of a health care professional.
These include acute problems requiring hospitalization and chronic problems requiring
long-term management.
medical problem
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#PathologicalPhenomenon
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#hasChronicity
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#hasPathologicalStatus
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#hasSeverity
morphologic alterations
morphologic alteration
morphologic alteration
cpr:morphologic-alteration
..pathological changes in the structure and function of cells and tissues
Process of physiological or granularity-agnostic anatomical alteration as a result of the realization
of a pathological disposition (a disease)
occurs during
occurs during
occurs during
occurred during
organisms
organism
organism
cpr:organism
organism
organismal continuants
organismal continuant
organismal continuant
cpr:organismal-continuant
organismal continuant
pathogen
pathogen
pathogen
cpr:pathogen
.. the organism which constitutes an etiologic agent (Caroline Whitbeck)
pathogen
procedures
procedure
procedure
cpr:procedure
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#Procedure-cls
recorded clinical situations
recorded clinical situation
recorded clinical situation
cpr:recorded-clinical-situation
Firstly, the distinction between findings within and without situations can be removed by separating
concepts into "kernel concepts"; that represent the entity itself and "recordable concepts"; for situations in which
the entity either is, or is not, present. Kernel concepts would then be purely internal. Only recordable concepts
would correspond to codes used as statements in Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Each recordable code would represent
a class expression for a "Clinical situation"; -- Rector, A.
[..] a context model to allow users and/or implementers to specify context [..], without depending on a
particular record structure. The Situation with explicit context hierarchy and various attributes assigned to concepts
in this hierarchy accomplish this.
recorded clinical situation
sequelae
sequela
sequela
cpr:sequela
Sequela
sign recordings
sign recording
sign recording
cpr:sign-recording
record of a "clinical sign"
states
state
state
cpr:state
http://www.loa-cnr.it/Papers/focomf2.pdf
A certain enduring constellation of values of an independent continuant's aggregate physical properties.
therapeutic procedures
therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure
cpr:therapeutic-procedure
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/surgery
An Act whose immediate and primary outcome (post-condition) is the alteration of the physical condition of the subject. The children of this class should be pair-wise disjoint and categorized by the procedure method (essentially an equivalent of the HL7 RIM methodCode procedure attribute)
Therapeutic procedure
http://www.hl7.org/library/data-model/RIM/C30202/rim.htm#Procedure-cls
http://www.loa-cnr.it/medicine/medical-procedures/class15.html
vital signs
vital sign
vital sign
cpr:vital-sign
determination of temperature, pulse rate, rate of breathing, and level of blood pressure.
physical sign indicating life
Alan Ruttenberg
Andrew Spear
Pierre Grenon
Holger Stenzhorn
application/rdf+xml
http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1
en
Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science (IFOMIS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Barry Smith and Pierre Grenon: "The Cornucopia of Formal Ontological Relations"
Barry Smith: "Against Fantology"
Barry Smith: "Basic Tools of Formal Ontology"
Barry Smith: "Beyond Concepts: Ontology as Reality Representation"
Pierre Grenon and Barry Smith: "SNAP and SPAN: Towards Geospatial Dynamics"
Pierre Grenon, Barry Smith and Louis Goldberg: "Biodynamic Ontology: Applying BFO in the Biomedical Domain"
Pierre Grenon: "BFO in a Nutshell: A Bi-categorial Axiomatization of BFO and Comparison with DOLCE"
Pierre Grenon: "Nuts in BFO's Nutshell: Revisions to the Bi-categorial Axiomatization of BFO"
Pierre Grenon: "Spatio-temporality in Basic Formal Ontology: SNAP and SPAN, Upper-Level Ontology, and Framework for Formalization"
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)
1.1.1
has causally active participant
has causally active participants
has causally active participant
had a causally active participant
has part
has (as a part)
has (as a part)
had (as a part)
has (as a participant)
has (as a participant)
has (as a participant)
had (as a participant)
has proper part
has (as a proper part)
has (as a proper part)
had (as a proper part)
participates_in
participates in
participates in
participated in