format-version: 1.2 date: 10:06:2011 14:51 saved-by: Maria auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.0 default-namespace: fungal_anatomy_ontology namespace-id-rule: * FAO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$ remark: version: $Revision: 1.5 $ [Term] id: FAO:0000001 name: fungal structure synonym: "fungal structure ontology" RELATED [] [Term] id: FAO:0000002 name: composite structure def: "A multicellular formation composed of cells from more than one species." [FAO:curators, SGD:clt] synonym: "multispecific structure" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0000003 name: basidium def: "A structure directly from which spores are formed following sexual reproduction in a Basidiomycete." [FAO:curators, ISBN:0471940526] is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp [Term] id: FAO:0000004 name: ascocarp-bound ascus def: "An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp." [FAO:curators] is_a: FAO:0000014 ! ascus relationship: part_of FAO:0000008 ! ascocarp [Term] id: FAO:0000005 name: obsolete def: "The placeholder class 'obsolete' has been made obsolete, as this is not tracked with an explicit obsoletion flag in obo format." [FAO:curators] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: FAO:0000006 name: stipe def: "A stalk or stem; composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; a stipe may be a single supporting hypha." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] synonym: "stem" RELATED [] relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp [Term] id: FAO:0000007 name: fruitbody def: "Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores." [FAO:curators, SGD:clt] synonym: "fruiting body" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0000008 name: ascocarp def: "A structure within which or at the surface of, an ascus develops in Ascomycetes." [ISBN:0471940526] is_a: FAO:0000007 ! fruitbody [Term] id: FAO:0000009 name: pileus def: "The structure on which the spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies." [ISBN:0471940526] synonym: "cap" RELATED [] relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp [Term] id: FAO:0000010 name: sporophore def: "A structure directly within which spores are contained or from which spores are formed." [FAO:curators] synonym: "spore-bearing organ" RELATED [] xref: GO:0075259 is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0000011 name: mycelium def: "A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi." [ISBN:0471940526] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0000012 name: basidiocarp def: "A structure at the surface of which, or within, basidia and basidiospores develop in Basidiomycetes; site of karyogamy and meiosis." [ISBN:0471940526] synonym: "mushroom" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000007 ! fruitbody [Term] id: FAO:0000013 name: ascospore in ascocarp-bound ascus def: "A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei following sexual reproduction in an Ascomycete that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp." [FAO:curators] is_a: FAO:0000020 ! ascospore relationship: part_of FAO:0000004 ! ascocarp-bound ascus [Term] id: FAO:0000014 name: ascus def: "A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium [Term] id: FAO:0000015 name: free ascus def: "An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp and is usually derived from a single cell." [FAO:curators] is_a: FAO:0000014 ! ascus [Term] id: FAO:0000016 name: ascospore in free ascus def: "A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei following sexual reproduction in an Ascomycete that is contained in an ascus not associated with an ascocarp." [FAO:curators] is_a: FAO:0000020 ! ascospore relationship: part_of FAO:0000015 ! free ascus [Term] id: FAO:0000017 name: sexual spore def: "A spore formed following meiosis. Sometimes following meiosis, prospores may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature." [SGD:clt] synonym: "meiotically-derived spore" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000019 ! spore [Term] id: FAO:0000018 name: unicellular structure def: "An individual cell composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure." [FAO:curators, SGD:clt] synonym: "cell" EXACT [] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0000019 name: spore def: "A differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions." [ISBN:0471940526] is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure [Term] id: FAO:0000020 name: ascospore def: "A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei following sexual reproduction in an Ascomycete." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore [Term] id: FAO:0000021 name: basidiospore def: "A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei following sexual reproduction in an Basidiomycete; formed externally on extrusions of the basidium." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore relationship: part_of FAO:0000003 ! basidium [Term] id: FAO:0000022 name: teliospore def: "A spore with a very thick cell wall and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that stores and protects one or more nuclei during dormancy in a Basidiomycete." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000021 ! basidiospore [Term] id: FAO:0000023 name: asexual spore def: "A spore formed following mitosis or mitoses." [PMID:2524423, PMID:9529886, SGD:clt] synonym: "mitotically-derived spore" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000019 ! spore [Term] id: FAO:0000024 name: conidium def: "An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi; conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm." [PMID:2524423, PMID:9529886, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore [Term] id: FAO:0000025 name: uninucleate conidium def: "A conidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium [Term] id: FAO:0000026 name: uredospore def: "A thick walled spore that stores and protects one or more nuclei during dispersal following reproduction in an Basidiomycete." [SGD:clt] synonym: "urediniospore" RELATED [] synonym: "urediospore" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000021 ! basidiospore [Term] id: FAO:0000027 name: conidium of conidiophore head def: "A uninucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections, sterigma, of a conidiophore head." [PMID:9529886, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000025 ! uninucleate conidium [Term] id: FAO:0000028 name: microconidium def: "The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is uninucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall." [ISBN:0471940526, PMID:8357339, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000025 ! uninucleate conidium [Term] id: FAO:0000029 name: uninucleate macroconidium def: "A macroconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000025 ! uninucleate conidium is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000030 name: uninucleate blastconidium def: "A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000029 ! uninucleate macroconidium is_a: FAO:0000042 ! blastoconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000031 name: uninucleate arthroconidium def: "An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000029 ! uninucleate macroconidium is_a: FAO:0000041 ! arthroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000032 name: vegetative cell def: "A single cell where nutrition and growth predominate, as opposed to cells that are undergoing sexual processes." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] synonym: "yeast-form" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure [Term] id: FAO:0000033 name: multinucleate conidium def: "A conidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium [Term] id: FAO:0000034 name: lichen thallus def: "A multicellular structure composed of multiple species; minimally composed of an alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000002 ! composite structure [Term] id: FAO:0000035 name: multinucleate macroconidium def: "A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000033 ! multinucleate conidium is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000036 name: multinucleate blastoconidium def: "A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000035 ! multinucleate macroconidium is_a: FAO:0000042 ! blastoconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000037 name: multinucleate arthroconidium def: "An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000035 ! multinucleate macroconidium is_a: FAO:0000041 ! arthroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000038 name: macroconidium def: "The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium [Term] id: FAO:0000039 name: oospore def: "An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere." [ISBN:0851988857, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore [Term] id: FAO:0000040 name: zygospore def: "A thick walled, sexual, resting spore formed by Zygomycetes; sometimes refers to the spore and the multi-layered cell wall that encloses the spore, the zygosporangium." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt] is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore [Term] id: FAO:0000041 name: arthroconidium def: "Cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores." [PMID:2524423, SGD:clt] synonym: "arthrospore" RELATED [] is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000042 name: blastoconidium def: "An oblong or round asexual spore formed from conidial chains." [PMID:2524423, SGD:clt] synonym: "blastospore" RELATED [] synonym: "reproductive blastospore" RELATED [] xref: GO:0034299 is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium [Term] id: FAO:0000043 name: conidiophore def: "A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores, known as conidia." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295, PMID:9529886] relationship: develops_from FAO:0001001 ! hypha [Term] id: FAO:0000044 name: sterigma def: "A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] synonym: "sterigmata (plural)" EXACT [] relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore [Term] id: FAO:0000045 name: phialide def: "A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886] synonym: "secondary sterigma" EXACT [] is_a: FAO:0000044 ! sterigma [Term] id: FAO:0000046 name: metula def: "A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886] synonym: "metulae (plural)" EXACT [] synonym: "primary sterigma" EXACT [] is_a: FAO:0000044 ! sterigma [Term] id: FAO:0000047 name: cleistothecium def: "A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0000008 ! ascocarp [Term] id: FAO:0000048 name: Hulle cell def: "A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium. Note that \"Hulle\" is properly written with an umlaut character on the \"u\"." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:19210625] relationship: develops_from FAO:0001001 ! hypha [Term] id: FAO:0000049 name: conidiophore vesicle def: "The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886] relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore [Term] id: FAO:0000050 name: conidiophore stalk def: "The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886] relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore [Term] id: FAO:0000051 name: oidium def: "Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus." [Wikipedia:Oidium] xref: GO:0034297 relationship: part_of FAO:0001001 ! hypha created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:03:49Z [Term] id: FAO:0000052 name: sporangium def: "A structure within which spores develop." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0043582 is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:06:16Z [Term] id: FAO:0000053 name: zygosporangium def: "A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075271 is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:14:19Z [Term] id: FAO:0000054 name: aeciospore def: "A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075247 is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:18:12Z [Term] id: FAO:0000055 name: aplanospore def: "A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes." [answers.com:aplanospore "http://www.answers.com/topic/aplanospore", FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075289 is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:21:58Z [Term] id: FAO:0000056 name: aecium def: "A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075267 is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:45:15Z [Term] id: FAO:0000057 name: telium def: "A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A pustule-like sorus formed on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and producing teliospores." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075275 is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:47:39Z [Term] id: FAO:0000058 name: uredinium def: "A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores." [FAO:curators] xref: GO:0075279 is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore created_by: Maria creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:49:08Z [Term] id: FAO:0001001 name: hypha def: "A threadlike, tubular filamentous fungal structure." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0001002 name: pseudohypha def: "A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter." [FAO:mcc] is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure [Term] id: FAO:0001003 name: hypha in mycelium def: "A threadlike, tubular filamentous fungal structure, existing as part of a group or mass of such structures, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha relationship: part_of FAO:0000011 ! mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001004 name: septate hypha in mycelium def: "A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, that exists as part of a group or mass of such structures, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001005 name: rhizomorph def: "A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted." [FAO:clt, ISBN:0632030771] is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001006 name: mycelial cord def: "A thick strand of hyphae, oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted." [FAO:clt, ISBN:0632030771] is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001007 name: stroma def: "A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001008 name: sclerotium def: "A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001009 name: septate hypha def: "A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001010 name: aseptate hypha def: "A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] synonym: "coenocytic hypha" RELATED [] xref: FAO:mcc is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001011 name: hyphal tip def: "The growing end of a hypha." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] relationship: part_of FAO:0001001 ! hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001012 name: hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium def: "The growing end of a hypha existing as a part of a mass or group of hyphae, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip relationship: part_of FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001013 name: hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium def: "Hypha containing dolipore septa, or cross-walls, containing a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; existing as part of a group or mass of similar hyphae, or mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001004 ! septate hypha in mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001014 name: aseptate hypha in mycelium def: "A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls; existing as part of a mass or group of such hyphae, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] synonym: "coenocytic hypha in mycelium" RELATED [] xref: FAO:mcc is_a: FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium is_a: FAO:0001010 ! aseptate hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001015 name: hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, existing as part of a group or mass of such hyphae, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001012 ! hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium is_a: FAO:0001016 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha relationship: part_of FAO:0001004 ! septate hypha in mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001016 name: hyphal tip, septate hypha def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip relationship: part_of FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001017 name: hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa in mycelium def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa, existing as part of a group or mass of such hyphae, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001015 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium is_a: FAO:0001019 ! hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa relationship: part_of FAO:0001013 ! hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001018 name: hypha with dolipore septa def: "Hypha containing dolipore septa, or cross-walls; septa contain a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome)." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001019 name: hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by septa, or cross-walls, of the dolipore type." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001016 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha relationship: part_of FAO:0001018 ! hypha with dolipore septa [Term] id: FAO:0001020 name: hyphal tip, aseptate hypha in mycelium def: "The growing tip of a hypha whose growing portion is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, existing as part of a group or mass of such hyphae, the mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001012 ! hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium is_a: FAO:0001021 ! hyphal tip, aseptate hypha relationship: part_of FAO:0001014 ! aseptate hypha in mycelium [Term] id: FAO:0001021 name: hyphal tip, aseptate hypha def: "The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295] is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip relationship: part_of FAO:0001010 ! aseptate hypha [Term] id: FAO:0001022 name: mating cell def: "A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones." [FAO:mcc] is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure [Term] id: FAO:0001023 name: shmoo def: "An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0879693798] is_a: FAO:0001022 ! mating cell [Typedef] id: develops_from name: develops from is_transitive: true [Typedef] id: is_a name: is a [Typedef] id: part_of name: part of is_symmetric: true is_transitive: true