DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3
13:03:2007 14:52
cereal_plant_growth_stage
1.0
cwt6
$Revision: 1.6 $
This is the first version of the cereal plant growth stage ontology. This is created from the files temporal_gramene.ontology (ver 1.12) and temporal_gramene.definition (ver 1.13).
definition
has_alternative_id
database_cross_reference
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
cereal_plant_growth_stage
part_of
part of
The stages describing the callus growth and differentiation in the tissue culture experiments.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007000
in-vitro culture stage
GRO:0007000
The stages describing the callus growth and differentiation in the tissue culture experiments.
GR:pj
The gross developmental stages defined for the plant.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007001
rice plant growth stage
GRO:0007001
The gross developmental stages defined for the plant.
GR:pj
The development and growth of maize have been translated into several scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. The growth stage terms and their descriptors were provided by the MaizeDB.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007002
maize growth stage
GRO:0007002
The development and growth of maize have been translated into several scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. The growth stage terms and their descriptors were provided by the MaizeDB.
GR:pj
MaizeDB:lv
web:http //www.agron.missouri.edu/phenotypes.html
Process by which embryonic organs formed during kernel development and which have been dormant in the dry seed, resume their growth under appropriate temperature and moisture conditions
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-0
GRO:0007003
00-germination
GRO:0007003
Process by which embryonic organs formed during kernel development and which have been dormant in the dry seed, resume their growth under appropriate temperature and moisture conditions
MaizeDB:64055
A case when it is difficult to annotate the growth stage defined in an experiment
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007004
rice growth stage unknown
GRO:0007004
A case when it is difficult to annotate the growth stage defined in an experiment
GR:pj
The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, break through the pericarp.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-0.2
GRO:0007005
0.02-radicle emergence from seed
GRO:0007005
The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, break through the pericarp.
MaizeDB:67351
The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule or embryonic shoot, pushes through the pericarp
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-0.3
GRO:0007006
0.03-coleoptile emergence from seed
GRO:0007006
The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule or embryonic shoot, pushes through the pericarp
MaizeDB:67352
Commonly refers to the growth stage between germination and tassel differentiation, with a duration of approximately three weeks for adapted cultivars in the US Corn Belt
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-1
GRO:0007007
01-seedling
GRO:0007007
Commonly refers to the growth stage between germination and tassel differentiation, with a duration of approximately three weeks for adapted cultivars in the US Corn Belt
MaizeDB:1863
Coleoptile appears above the soil surface. Nodal roots begin to develop.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-1.1
GRO:0007008
1.01-seedling emergence
GRO:0007008
Coleoptile appears above the soil surface. Nodal roots begin to develop.
MaizeDB:64057
First or second leaf collar visible.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-1.2
GRO:0007009
1.02-one to two leaves
GRO:0007009
First or second leaf collar visible.
MaizeDB:67353
3 or 4 leaf collars visible
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-1.3
GRO:0007010
1.03-three to four leaves
GRO:0007010
3 or 4 leaf collars visible
MaizeDB:25331
Apical dome of shoot meristem elongates, followed by appearance of tassel branch primordia. Under favorable conditions in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, this may occur about 2-3 weeks after seedling emergence, when 4-6 leaf collars are visible. Stem growing point is at or near soil surface. Tassel initiation is very sensitive to photoperiod and temperature, maximal sensitivity to these factors occurs during a brief period with a duration, equivalent to the emergence of two leaves, just before tassel initiation
cereal_plant_growth_stage
4-6 leaf stage
early whorl stage
maize growth stage-2
tassel differentiation
GRO:0007011
02-tassel initiation
GRO:0007011
Apical dome of shoot meristem elongates, followed by appearance of tassel branch primordia. Under favorable conditions in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, this may occur about 2-3 weeks after seedling emergence, when 4-6 leaf collars are visible. Stem growing point is at or near soil surface. Tassel initiation is very sensitive to photoperiod and temperature, maximal sensitivity to these factors occurs during a brief period with a duration, equivalent to the emergence of two leaves, just before tassel initiation
MaizeDB:67306
After tassel initiation, stem length begins to increase rapidly, through elongation of cells formed by the intercalary meristem at the base of above-ground internodes. The rate of elongation decreases prior to anthesis, but plant height may continue to increase until after flowering
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-3
mid-whorl stage
stem elongation
telescoping
GRO:0007012
03-rapid stem elongation
GRO:0007012
After tassel initiation, stem length begins to increase rapidly, through elongation of cells formed by the intercalary meristem at the base of above-ground internodes. The rate of elongation decreases prior to anthesis, but plant height may continue to increase until after flowering
MaizeDB:67358
Elongation of apical dome of axillary meristem corresponding to top ear, followed by appearance of spikelet primordia. Typically, in adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 6-8 leaf collars are visible, but this depends on genotype and environmental conditions.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
6 leaf
6-8 leaf
7 leaf
8 leaf
V6
V7
V8
maize growth stage-3.1
mid-whorl stage
GRO:0007013
3.01-ear initiation
GRO:0007013
Elongation of apical dome of axillary meristem corresponding to top ear, followed by appearance of spikelet primordia. Typically, in adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 6-8 leaf collars are visible, but this depends on genotype and environmental conditions.
MaizeDB:67356
In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, the collars of leaves 9-11 are visible (some of the lowest leaves may already have degenerated by this stage). By 10-leaf stage, new leaves appear every 2-3 days. Tassel development accelerates, and rapid stem elongation continues.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
1-11 leaf
10-leaf
11-leaf
9-leaf
V-11
V10
V9
maize growth stage-3.2
GRO:0007014
3.02-late whorl stage
GRO:0007014
In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, the collars of leaves 9-11 are visible (some of the lowest leaves may already have degenerated by this stage). By 10-leaf stage, new leaves appear every 2-3 days. Tassel development accelerates, and rapid stem elongation continues.
MaizeDB:67357
Rapid stem elongation continues. In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 12-14 leaf collars are visible. Number of ovules (potential kernels) is being determined. Male meiosis begins about this time
cereal_plant_growth_stage
V12
V13
V14
maize growth stage-3.3
GRO:0007015
3.03-mid-vegetative
GRO:0007015
Rapid stem elongation continues. In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 12-14 leaf collars are visible. Number of ovules (potential kernels) is being determined. Male meiosis begins about this time
MaizeDB:67359
Late vegetative stage, corresponding to the 15-leaf stage or later in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, which normally have a total of about 20 leaves. Depending on genotype and environmental conditions, a corn plant may develop 10-30 leaves. Ear is developing rapidly and silk elongation begins. Female meiosis begins when silks are approx. 2 mm long and ears approx. 2 cm long. Brace roots begin growing, a new leaf is added every 1-2 days
cereal_plant_growth_stage
V15
V16
V17
V18
V19
V20
maize growth stage-3.4
GRO:0007016
3.04-late vegetative
GRO:0007016
Late vegetative stage, corresponding to the 15-leaf stage or later in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, which normally have a total of about 20 leaves. Depending on genotype and environmental conditions, a corn plant may develop 10-30 leaves. Ear is developing rapidly and silk elongation begins. Female meiosis begins when silks are approx. 2 mm long and ears approx. 2 cm long. Brace roots begin growing, a new leaf is added every 1-2 days
MaizeDB:67360
Includes both male (pollen) and female (embryo sac) gametophyte development, which are sub stages of this stage
cereal_plant_growth_stage
gametogenesis
maize growth stage-4
GRO:0007017
04-gametophyte development
GRO:0007017
Includes both male (pollen) and female (embryo sac) gametophyte development, which are sub stages of this stage
MaizeDB:67385
Microsporogenesis, or pollen development, includes all stages from microsporocyte meiosis through the mature pollen grain
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-4.1
male gametophyte development
microspore development
microsporogenesis
GRO:0007018
4.01-pollen development
GRO:0007018
Microsporogenesis, or pollen development, includes all stages from microsporocyte meiosis through the mature pollen grain
MaizeDB:67383
Includes megasporogenesis (female meiosis) and megagametogenesis (beginning with mitotic division of the meiotic products through maturation of the embryo sac)
cereal_plant_growth_stage
female gametophyte development
maize growth stage-4.2
megagametogenesis
megaspore development
megasporogenesis
GRO:0007019
4.02-embryo sac development
GRO:0007019
Includes megasporogenesis (female meiosis) and megagametogenesis (beginning with mitotic division of the meiotic products through maturation of the embryo sac)
MaizeDB:67384
The term "flowering" is used here to encompass the processes of anthesis (pollen shed), silking (emergence of styles from husk), pollination, and fertilization
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-5
GRO:0007020
05-flowering
GRO:0007020
The term "flowering" is used here to encompass the processes of anthesis (pollen shed), silking (emergence of styles from husk), pollination, and fertilization
MaizeDB:13811
Anthers are extruded between glume and lemma, pores at the anther tip break open, and pollen is released. Pollen shed occurs first from spikelets slightly above the middle of the central axis of the tassel, then proceeds towards tip and base, pollen shedding from lateral branches occurs somewhat later.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
Pollen shed
Pollen shedding
VT
maize growth stage-5.1
GRO:0007021
5.01-anthesis
GRO:0007021
Anthers are extruded between glume and lemma, pores at the anther tip break open, and pollen is released. Pollen shed occurs first from spikelets slightly above the middle of the central axis of the tassel, then proceeds towards tip and base, pollen shedding from lateral branches occurs somewhat later.
MaizeDB:67361
Silks (styles) emerge from the husks at the ear tip. Normally the first silks appear slightly after anthesis begins, but this interval can be delayed by drought or other stresses. Silks of spikelets at the base of the ear emerge prior to those from more apical spikelets
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R1
maize growth stage-5.2
silk emergence
GRO:0007022
5.02-silking
GRO:0007022
Silks (styles) emerge from the husks at the ear tip. Normally the first silks appear slightly after anthesis begins, but this interval can be delayed by drought or other stresses. Silks of spikelets at the base of the ear emerge prior to those from more apical spikelets
MaizeDB:67362
Pollen lands on a silk hair, hydrates, and germinates by sending out a pollen tube through the pollen pore. The pollen tube grows rapidly (0.5 cm/hr) down the length of the silk to the ovary and the embryo sac
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-5.3
GRO:0007023
5.03-pollination
GRO:0007023
Pollen lands on a silk hair, hydrates, and germinates by sending out a pollen tube through the pollen pore. The pollen tube grows rapidly (0.5 cm/hr) down the length of the silk to the ovary and the embryo sac
MaizeDB:67364
Fertilization occurs 16-24 hours after pollination. It consists of the simultaneous fusion of 1 sperm cell with the egg to form the diploid zygote, and the other sperm cell with 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus
cereal_plant_growth_stage
double fecundation
double fertilization
fecundation
maize growth stage-5.4
GRO:0007024
5.04-fertilization
GRO:0007024
Fertilization occurs 16-24 hours after pollination. It consists of the simultaneous fusion of 1 sperm cell with the egg to form the diploid zygote, and the other sperm cell with 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus
GR:pj
MAizeDB:67365
The period of slow kernel growth between fertilization and the beginning of linear grain-filling, lasting roughly 10-12 days. Some workers divides this period into dilatory and exponential phases, which approximately coincide with the endosperm's free nuclear and mitotic stages, respectively. From about 4-10 days after pollination, the embryo is in the proembryo stage, a club-shaped mass of cells with little differentiation except for a basal suspensor region, and an apical region of smaller cells, the embryo proper
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R1
lag phase
maize growth stage-6
proembryo
GRO:0007025
06-post-flowering
GRO:0007025
The period of slow kernel growth between fertilization and the beginning of linear grain-filling, lasting roughly 10-12 days. Some workers divides this period into dilatory and exponential phases, which approximately coincide with the endosperm's free nuclear and mitotic stages, respectively. From about 4-10 days after pollination, the embryo is in the proembryo stage, a club-shaped mass of cells with little differentiation except for a basal suspensor region, and an apical region of smaller cells, the embryo proper
MaizeDB:67370
This phase is the initial few days following fertilization, during which time very slow dry matter accumulation occurs in the kernel. In the endosperm, the primary endosperm nucleus divides 2-4 hours after fertilization, followed by rapid synchronous divisions to produce a free nuclear tissue. The fertilized egg undergoes its first division about 10-12 hours after fertilization, and by the end of this stage will have developed into the proembryo with about 12-24 cells
cereal_plant_growth_stage
free nuclear
maize growth stage-6.1
GRO:0007026
6.01-dilatory
GRO:0007026
This phase is the initial few days following fertilization, during which time very slow dry matter accumulation occurs in the kernel. In the endosperm, the primary endosperm nucleus divides 2-4 hours after fertilization, followed by rapid synchronous divisions to produce a free nuclear tissue. The fertilized egg undergoes its first division about 10-12 hours after fertilization, and by the end of this stage will have developed into the proembryo with about 12-24 cells
MaizeDB:67371
The phase with increased metabolic activity and rapid kernel development that links the dilatory phase with the linear grain-filling period. It occurs approximately 5-12 days after pollination (dap). In the endosperm, cell walls are laid down beginning about 5 dap, changing the free nuclear tissue into a cellular one. The embryo continues in the proembryo stage through about 10 dap. MaizeDB includes a sub-stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-6.2
GRO:0007027
6.02-exponential
GRO:0007027
The phase with increased metabolic activity and rapid kernel development that links the dilatory phase with the linear grain-filling period. It occurs approximately 5-12 days after pollination (dap). In the endosperm, cell walls are laid down beginning about 5 dap, changing the free nuclear tissue into a cellular one. The embryo continues in the proembryo stage through about 10 dap. MaizeDB includes a sub-stage.
MaizeDB:67369
Occurs when the ovoid, radially symmetrical proembryo elongates to form a cone-shaped structure, establishing the future shoot-root meristem axis, about 10-12 days after pollination.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
endoreduplication
maize growth stage-6.2.1
GRO:0007028
In the endosperm, mitotic activity in the central region declines, and nuclear size and DNA content begin to increase (endoreduplication)
6.02.1-transition stage
GRO:0007028
Occurs when the ovoid, radially symmetrical proembryo elongates to form a cone-shaped structure, establishing the future shoot-root meristem axis, about 10-12 days after pollination.
MaizeDB:67451
Stage of rapid, nearly linear increase in kernel dry matter, that begins about 2 weeks after pollination and lasts almost until physiological maturity
cereal_plant_growth_stage
effective filling period
grain filling
maize growth stage-7
GRO:0007029
07-linear grain-filling
GRO:0007029
Stage of rapid, nearly linear increase in kernel dry matter, that begins about 2 weeks after pollination and lasts almost until physiological maturity
MaizeDB:64632
This stage is initiated when significant starch accumulation begins, approximately 12-17 days after pollination (dap). Kernels appear white and translucent, endosperm and its inner fluid are clear. Endoreduplication, an increase in DNA content in endosperm cells, which began in the transition stage, peaks about 16-18 dap
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R2
maize growth stage-7.1
GRO:0007030
dap is days after pollination
7.01-blister stage
GRO:0007030
This stage is initiated when significant starch accumulation begins, approximately 12-17 days after pollination (dap). Kernels appear white and translucent, endosperm and its inner fluid are clear. Endoreduplication, an increase in DNA content in endosperm cells, which began in the transition stage, peaks about 16-18 dap
MaizeDB:67372
In the coleoptilar stage, the embryo develops a prominent shoot apical meristem surrounded by the coleoptilar ring, and backed by the flattened, spade-shaped scutellum, it occurs about 12-14 days after pollination
cereal_plant_growth_stage
embryo coleoptilar stage
maize growth stage-7.1.1
GRO:0007031
7.01.1-coleoptilar stage
GRO:0007031
In the coleoptilar stage, the embryo develops a prominent shoot apical meristem surrounded by the coleoptilar ring, and backed by the flattened, spade-shaped scutellum, it occurs about 12-14 days after pollination
MaizeDB:67376
Embryo stage 1 is defined by the appearance of first leaf primordium from the shoot apical meristem, it occurs about 14-18 days after pollination, when embryo is slightly more than 1 mm long
cereal_plant_growth_stage
embryo stage 1
maize growth stage-7.1.2
GRO:0007032
Stage 1 embryos are often used to initiate embryonic callus in tissue culture experiments
7.01.2-embryo-1
GRO:0007032
Embryo stage 1 is defined by the appearance of first leaf primordium from the shoot apical meristem, it occurs about 14-18 days after pollination, when embryo is slightly more than 1 mm long
MaizeDB:67377
Endosperm fluid has changed from clear to a milky white, more viscous substance due to accumulating starch, kernels are about 80% moisture, aleurone color characteristic of the genotype appears, occurs about 18-22 days after pollination
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R3
embryo stage 2
embryo-2
maize growth stage-7.2
GRO:0007033
The embryo is at stage 2: second leaf primordium is formed, and embryo length is approx. 2 mm
7.02-stage
GRO:0007033
Endosperm fluid has changed from clear to a milky white, more viscous substance due to accumulating starch, kernels are about 80% moisture, aleurone color characteristic of the genotype appears, occurs about 18-22 days after pollination
MaizeDB:67373
Endosperm fluid has changed to a pasty or soft dough-like consistency, kernels have about 70% moisture, occurs about 22-28 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 3: third leaf primordium forms, radicle is recognizable within the coleorhiza, embryo is about 3 mm long
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R4
dough stage
embryo stage 3
embryo-3
maize growth stage-7.3
GRO:0007034
7.03-early dough stage
GRO:0007034
Endosperm fluid has changed to a pasty or soft dough-like consistency, kernels have about 70% moisture, occurs about 22-28 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 3: third leaf primordium forms, radicle is recognizable within the coleorhiza, embryo is about 3 mm long
MaizeDB:67374
Endosperm consistency checked by firmer dough than in the previous stage. Towards end of this stage, in dent genotypes, kernels begin to dent on top, occurs about 28-35 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 4: fourth leaf primordium has formed, embryo is 5-6 mm long
cereal_plant_growth_stage
embryo stage 4
embryo-4
maize growth stage-7.4
GRO:0007035
7.04-late dough stage
GRO:0007035
Endosperm consistency checked by firmer dough than in the previous stage. Towards end of this stage, in dent genotypes, kernels begin to dent on top, occurs about 28-35 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 4: fourth leaf primordium has formed, embryo is 5-6 mm long
MaizeDB:67379
Rate of dry matter accumulation in kernel diminishes as endosperm transfer cells are crushed. All or nearly all kernels are dented (in a dent genotype), kernels are about 50-55% moisture, husk has begun to dry rapidly, occurs about 35-42 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 5, fifth leaf primordium has formed and lateral seminal root primordia can be observed
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R5
attenuative
dent stage
embryo stage 5
embryo-5
leveling of of dry matter accumulation
maize growth stage-8
GRO:0007036
08-leveling of of grain-filling
GRO:0007036
Rate of dry matter accumulation in kernel diminishes as endosperm transfer cells are crushed. All or nearly all kernels are dented (in a dent genotype), kernels are about 50-55% moisture, husk has begun to dry rapidly, occurs about 35-42 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 5, fifth leaf primordium has formed and lateral seminal root primordia can be observed
MaizeDB:67382
The stage begins at physiological maturity (when the kernel has approximately 30-35% moisture) and continues through dry kernel (15% moisture or less). This stage is subdivided into the two stages listed above.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-9
senescence
GRO:0007037
09-maturity
GRO:0007037
The stage begins at physiological maturity (when the kernel has approximately 30-35% moisture) and continues through dry kernel (15% moisture or less). This stage is subdivided into the two stages listed above.
MaizeDB:11088
Occurs when grain dry matter accumulation ceases and a black abscission layer forms at the base of the kernel, approx. 50-65 days after pollination, grain moisture is about 30-35%. Embryo is at stage 6: a sixth leaf primordium may have formed, although many genotypes form only 5 embryonic leaves, dormancy occurs after massive hydration of embryo cells
cereal_plant_growth_stage
R6
black layer
embryo stage 6
embryo-6
maize growth stage-9.1
GRO:0007038
9.01-physiological maturity
GRO:0007038
Occurs when grain dry matter accumulation ceases and a black abscission layer forms at the base of the kernel, approx. 50-65 days after pollination, grain moisture is about 30-35%. Embryo is at stage 6: a sixth leaf primordium may have formed, although many genotypes form only 5 embryonic leaves, dormancy occurs after massive hydration of embryo cells
MaizeDB:67380
The kernel has dried to safe storage moisture, 15% or less
cereal_plant_growth_stage
dry seed
maize growth stage-9.2
storage maturity
GRO:0007039
9.02-dry kernel
GRO:0007039
The kernel has dried to safe storage moisture, 15% or less
MaizeDB:67381
The growth and developmental stages defined for the rice plant.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stages
GRO:0007040
rice growth stage
GRO:0007040
The growth and developmental stages defined for the rice plant.
GR:pj
At this point, the panicle is 1 to 2 mm in length and the branching of the panicle is visible
cereal_plant_growth_stage
PD
rice growth stage-4.2
GRO:0007041
In parallel the stem elongation is continuing
4.2-panicle differentiation stage
GRO:0007041
At this point, the panicle is 1 to 2 mm in length and the branching of the panicle is visible
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
One of the ripening stages when endosperm starts hardening.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-8
GRO:0007042
08-dough stage
GRO:0007042
One of the ripening stages when endosperm starts hardening.
GR:pj
Occurs when the seed coat has imbibed adequate water becoming soft and elastic. The coleorhiza elongates slightly, emerging through the seed coat and the radicle breaks through the coleorhiza and becomes anchored in the soil or growth media.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-1
GRO:0007043
Thus, under dry-seeded or aerobic conditions, the radicle emerges before the coleoptile. Under water-seeded or reduced oxygen (anaerobic) conditions, the coleoptile may emerge before the root. The coleoptile continues to elongate and several lateral roots called seminal roots form.
01-germination
GRO:0007043
Occurs when the seed coat has imbibed adequate water becoming soft and elastic. The coleorhiza elongates slightly, emerging through the seed coat and the radicle breaks through the coleorhiza and becomes anchored in the soil or growth media.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
is the time when the panicle begins to exsert from the boot.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-6
GRO:0007044
Heading may take over 10 to 14 days due to variations within tillers on the same plant and between plants in the field. Agronomically, heading date is defined as the time when 50 percent of the panicles have at least partially exserted from the boot.
06-heading stage
GRO:0007044
is the time when the panicle begins to exsert from the boot.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
The whole grain is hard and ready for harvest. This stage is reached at approximately 15-20 percent moisture
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maturity stage
rice growth stage-9
GRO:0007045
09-mature grain stage
GRO:0007045
The whole grain is hard and ready for harvest. This stage is reached at approximately 15-20 percent moisture
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp
At this stage, the developing starch grains in the kernel are soft, and the interior of the kernel is filled with a white liquid resembling milk.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
milk grain
rice growth stage-7
GRO:0007046
07-milk stage
GRO:0007046
At this stage, the developing starch grains in the kernel are soft, and the interior of the kernel is filled with a white liquid resembling milk.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp
occurs when the first internode called the mesocotyl has elongated and pushed the tip of the rice coleoptile (epiblast or first sheathing leaf) through the soil surface
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-2
GRO:0007047
The length of the mesocotyl varies with cultivars. Some Semi-dwarf varieties may have a very short mesocotyl and generally will not emerge if covered by more than 1/2 to 3/4 inch of soil. The mesocotyl only develops in the dark and doesnt show up in water-seeded rice
02-seedling
GRO:0007047
occurs when the first internode called the mesocotyl has elongated and pushed the tip of the rice coleoptile (epiblast or first sheathing leaf) through the soil surface
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
Begins about the same time panicle initiation is occurring. It continues until full plant height is reached.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
internode elongation
jointing stage
rice growth stage-4
GRO:0007048
The top five internodes may elongate. Stem internodes can be distinguished from root internodes by the green color in the stem wall. Overlaps the vegetative and reproductive stages
04-stem elongation stage
GRO:0007048
Begins about the same time panicle initiation is occurring. It continues until full plant height is reached.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
Usually begins at the fifth leaf stage when the first tiller is visible and emerges from the axillary bud of the second leaf on the culm. Tillering continues when the sixth leaf emerges, the second tiller comes from the axillary bud of the third leaf.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-3
GRO:0007049
In direct-seeded rice fields with a normal plant population (10 to 20 plants per square foot), rice plants generally produce 2 to 5 panicle bearing tillers per plant compared to 10 to 30 tillers per plant in transplanted rice where more space is available between plants.
03-tillering stage
GRO:0007049
Usually begins at the fifth leaf stage when the first tiller is visible and emerges from the axillary bud of the second leaf on the culm. Tillering continues when the sixth leaf emerges, the second tiller comes from the axillary bud of the third leaf.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
true
GRO:0007050
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007051
01-germination
GRO:0007051
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007052
Zadok scale-0
1.01-dry seed
GRO:0007052
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007053
Zadok scale-1
1.02-start of imbibition
GRO:0007053
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When the imbibition of the seed is complete.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007054
Zadok scale-3
1.03-imbibition complete
GRO:0007054
When the imbibition of the seed is complete.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007055
Zadok scale-5
1.04-radicle emerged from seed
GRO:0007055
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007056
Zadok scale-7
1.05-coleoptile emerged from seed
GRO:0007056
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
The leaf has just emerged.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007057
Zadok scale-9, Haun scale-0
1.06-leaf just at coleoptile tip
GRO:0007057
The leaf has just emerged.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007058
02-seedling growth
GRO:0007058
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007059
Zadok scale-10, Feekes scale-1
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile
GRO:0007059
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007060
Zadok scale-11, Haun scale-1.+
2.02-first leaf unfolded
GRO:0007060
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007061
Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+
2.03-two leaves unfolded
GRO:0007061
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007062
Zadok scale-13, Haun scale-2.+
2.04-three leaves unfolded
GRO:0007062
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007063
Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+
2.05-four leaves unfolded
GRO:0007063
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007064
Zadok scale-15, Haun scale-4.+
2.06-five leaves unfolded
GRO:0007064
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007065
Zadok scale-16, Haun scale-5.+
2.07-six leaves unfolded
GRO:0007065
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007066
Zadok scale-, scale-6.+
2.08-seven leaves unfolded
GRO:0007066
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007067
Zadok scale-18, Haun scale-7.+
2.09-eight leaves unfolded
GRO:0007067
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When 9 or more leaves have unfolded or exposed.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007068
Zadok scale-19
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded
GRO:0007068
When 9 or more leaves have unfolded or exposed.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007069
03-tillering
GRO:0007069
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007070
Zadok scale-20
3.01-main shoot only
GRO:0007070
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007071
Zadok scale-21, Feekes scale-2
3.02-main shoot and one tiller
GRO:0007071
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007072
Zadok scale-22
3.03-main shoot and two tillers
GRO:0007072
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007073
Zadok scale-23
3.04-main shoot and three tillers
GRO:0007073
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007074
Zadok scale-24
3.05-main shoot and four tillers
GRO:0007074
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007075
Zadok scale-25
3.06-main shoot and five tillers
GRO:0007075
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007076
Zadok scale-26, Feekes scale-3
3.07-shoot and six tillers
GRO:0007076
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007077
Zadok scale-27
3.08-main shoot and seven tillers
GRO:0007077
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007078
Zadok scale-28
3.09-main shoot and eight tillers
GRO:0007078
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007079
Zadok scale-29
3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers
GRO:0007079
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007080
04-stem elongation
GRO:0007080
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007081
Zadok scale-30, Feekes scale 4-5
4.01-pseudo stem erection
GRO:0007081
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007082
Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6
4.02 first node detectable
GRO:0007082
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007083
Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7
4.03-second node detectable
GRO:0007083
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007084
Zadok scale-33
4.04-third node detectable
GRO:0007084
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007085
Zadok scale-34
4.05-fourth node detectable
GRO:0007085
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007086
Zadok scale-35
4.06-fifth node detectable
GRO:0007086
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007087
Zadok scale-36
4.07-sixth node detectable
GRO:0007087
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007088
Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8
4.08-flag leaf just visible
GRO:0007088
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007089
Zadok scale-39, Feekes scale-9
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible
GRO:0007089
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007090
Zadok scale-40
05-booting
GRO:0007090
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007091
Zadok scale-41, Haun scale-8 to 9
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending
GRO:0007091
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007092
Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2
5.02-boots just swollen
GRO:0007092
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007093
Zadok scale-47
5.03-flag leaf sheath opening
GRO:0007093
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007094
Zadok scale-49, Haun scale-10.1
5.04-first awns visible
GRO:0007094
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007095
06-inflorescence emergence
GRO:0007095
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007096
Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible
GRO:0007096
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When a quarter of the inflorescence has emerged.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007097
Zadok scale-53, Feekes scale-10.2
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged
GRO:0007097
When a quarter of the inflorescence has emerged.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When half of the inflorescence has emerged.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007098
Zadok scale-1, Feekes scale-10.3, Haun scale-10.5
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged
GRO:0007098
When half of the inflorescence has emerged.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007099
Zadok scale-57, Feekes scale-10.4, Haun scale-10.7
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged
GRO:0007099
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007100
Zadok scale-59, Feekes scale-10.5, Haun scale-11
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed
GRO:0007100
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
The time of flowering or pollination.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007101
07-anthesis
GRO:0007101
The time of flowering or pollination.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When the of flowering or pollination has just begun
cereal_plant_growth_stage
Beginning on anthesis
GRO:0007102
Zadok scale-60, Feekes scale-10.51, Haun scale-11.4
7.01-anthesis beginning
GRO:0007102
When the of flowering or pollination has just begun
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When the of flowering or pollination has occurred on 50 percent of all florets in the inflorescence
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007103
Haun scale-11.5
7.02-anthesis half-way
GRO:0007103
When the of flowering or pollination has occurred on 50 percent of all florets in the inflorescence
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
When the flowering or pollination is complete in all florets.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007104
Zadok scale-69, Haun scale-11.6
7.03-anthesis completed
GRO:0007104
When the flowering or pollination is complete in all florets.
web:http //www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC2547.html#systems
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007105
Zadok scale-70
08-milk development
GRO:0007105
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007106
Zadok scale-71, Feekes scale-10.54, Haun scale-12.1
8.01-kernel watery ripe
GRO:0007106
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007107
Zadok scale-73, Haun scale-13
8.02-early milk
GRO:0007107
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007108
Zadok scale-75, Feekes scale-11.1
8.04-medium milk
GRO:0007108
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007109
Zadok scale-77
8.03-late milk
GRO:0007109
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007110
Zadok scale-80
09-dough development
GRO:0007110
GR:pj
web:http //www.ibiblio.org/botnet/glossary/a_vi.html
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007111
Zadok scale-83, Haun scale-14
9.01-early dough
GRO:0007111
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007112
Zadok scale-85, Feekes scale-11.2
9.02-soft dough
GRO:0007112
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007113
Zadok scale-87, Haun scale-15
9.03-hard dough
GRO:0007113
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007114
Zadok scale-90
10-ripening
GRO:0007114
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
Kernel is difficult to divide by using the thumbnail.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007115
Zadok scale-91, Feekes scale-11.3
10.01-kernel medium hard
GRO:0007115
Kernel is difficult to divide by using the thumbnail.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
Kernel can no longer be dented with thumbnail.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007116
Zadok scale-92, Feekes scale-11.4, Haun scale-16
10.02-kernel hard
GRO:0007116
Kernel can no longer be dented with thumbnail.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007117
Zadok scale-93
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime
GRO:0007117
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007118
Zadok scale-94
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing
GRO:0007118
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007119
Zadok scale-95
10.05-seed dormant
GRO:0007119
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
Viable seed giving 50 percent germination.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007120
Zadok scale-96
10.06-viable seed germination
GRO:0007120
Viable seed giving 50 percent germination.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007121
Zadok scale-97
10.07-seed not dormant
GRO:0007121
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007122
Zadok scale-98
10.08-secondary dormancy induced
GRO:0007122
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007123
Zadok scale-99
10.09-secondary dormancy lost
GRO:0007123
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
Sorghum Development and Key Growth Stages as described by Brent Bean and Carl Patrick, Extension Agronomist and Entomologist at the Texas A&M, Agricultural Research and Extension station.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007124
The growth stages defined for Sorghum were extracted from the document at http://primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
sorghum growth stage
GRO:0007124
Sorghum Development and Key Growth Stages as described by Brent Bean and Carl Patrick, Extension Agronomist and Entomologist at the Texas A&M, Agricultural Research and Extension station.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Coleoptile visible at soil surface.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-0
GRO:0007125
Coleoptile is the first leaf and is shorter than the later emerging leaves and has a rounded tip
01-seedling emergence
GRO:0007125
Coleoptile visible at soil surface.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Collar of 3rd leaf is visible
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-1
GRO:0007126
This stage will occur approximately 10 days after emergence, depending on soil temperature, moisture, planting depth, etc.
02-three leaf stage
GRO:0007126
Collar of 3rd leaf is visible
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Collar of 5th leaf is visible
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-3
GRO:0007127
Occurs approximately 20 days after emergence. May have lost first leaf (coleoptile) by this time.
04-five leaf stage
GRO:0007127
Collar of 5th leaf is visible
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Growing point visible above the soil surface.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-4
GRO:0007128
Occurs approximately 30 to 35 days after emergence. Generally corresponds with the 7 to 8 leaf stage. May have lost 1 to 3 leaves from the bottom of the plant.
05-growing point differentiation
GRO:0007128
Growing point visible above the soil surface.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Tip of the flag leaf (last leaf) is visible in the whorl.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-5
GRO:0007129
The last 3 to 4 leaves may not be fully expanded (collars not visible).
06-flag leaf visible
GRO:0007129
Tip of the flag leaf (last leaf) is visible in the whorl.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Leaf collars of all leaves are now visible. Sorghum head is enclosed in the flag leaf sheath
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-6
GRO:0007130
Peduncle (stalk supporting the head) is beginning to elongate
07-boot stage
GRO:0007130
Leaf collars of all leaves are now visible. Sorghum head is enclosed in the flag leaf sheath
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
50% of the plants in the field have visible heads
cereal_plant_growth_stage
half-bloom
sorghum growth stage-7
GRO:0007131
08-heading
GRO:0007131
50% of the plants in the field have visible heads
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007132
10-dough stage
GRO:0007132
Grain can be easily squeezed between the fingers
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-9
GRO:0007133
8 to 12 functional leaves present. One half of grain dry weight has accumulated.
10.01-soft dough
GRO:0007133
Grain can be easily squeezed between the fingers
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
Cannot squeeze grain between the fingers.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-10
GRO:0007134
Three-fourths of grain dry weight has accumulated
10.02-hard dough
GRO:0007134
Cannot squeeze grain between the fingers.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
This stage is identified by the dark spot on the tip of the kernel. Grain will contain 25 to 35% moisture.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
black layer
sorghum growth stage-11
GRO:0007135
Maximum total dry weight has been achieved
11-physiological maturity
GRO:0007135
This stage is identified by the dark spot on the tip of the kernel. Grain will contain 25 to 35% moisture.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
The developmental stages of individual plant parts or organs in a rice plant.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007136
The rice plant organ developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/development/organAndStage.jsp
rice plant part development stage
GRO:0007136
The developmental stages of individual plant parts or organs in a rice plant.
GR:pj
Defines all the stages of embryo development from fertilization stage to maturity stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007137
The embryo developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=embryo&item=All
embryo development
GRO:0007137
Defines all the stages of embryo development from fertilization stage to maturity stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Defines all the stages of leaf development from recruitment of leaf primordial cells to fully developed leaf.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007138
The leaf developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=leaf&item=All
leaf development
GRO:0007138
Defines all the stages of leaf development from recruitment of leaf primordial cells to fully developed leaf.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
growth stages from germination to panicle initiation stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007139
The later stage (lag phase) may overlap with the reproductive stage
A-vegetative stage
GRO:0007139
growth stages from germination to panicle initiation stage.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development.asp#Vegetative
Growth stages from panicle initiation to heading stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007140
B-reproductive stage
GRO:0007140
Growth stages from panicle initiation to heading stage.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
Growth stages from fertilization, embryo formation to ripening and maturation stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
grain-filling stage
ripening stage
GRO:0007141
Light intensity is very important during this interval since 60 percent or more of the carbohydrates used in grain filling are photosynthesized during this time interval. High temperatures tend to reduce the grain filling period and may reduce grain weight. Low temperatures tend to lengthen the time required for grain fill and ripening.
C-embryo stage
GRO:0007141
Growth stages from fertilization, embryo formation to ripening and maturation stage.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp
The period from development of the first to fourth leaf stage
cereal_plant_growth_stage
pre-tillering
rice growth stage-2.1
GRO:0007142
During this time, the seminal roots further develop, the secondary or lateral roots develop and the first four leaves appear
1-4 leaf stage
GRO:0007142
The period from development of the first to fourth leaf stage
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
Collar of 4th leaf is visible.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage-2
GRO:0007143
Occurs approximately 15 days after emergence
03-four leaf stage
GRO:0007143
Collar of 4th leaf is visible.
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
tillering increases in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number is reached. At this point, the main culm may be difficult to distinguish from the tiller.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-3.1
GRO:0007144
After maximum tillering has occurred, no more effective tillers are produced. A portion of the late tillers will generally die due to competition effects
3.1-maximum tillering
GRO:0007144
tillering increases in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number is reached. At this point, the main culm may be difficult to distinguish from the tiller.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
Producing new tillers from nodes after harvest
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-3A
GRO:0007145
Excluding germination and early seedling stages, it begins a fresh cycle producing new tillers from nodes post-harvest. It may or may not be considered as a growth stage by others. However, Gramene is proposing it to be included as one of the new growth stage.
ratooning stage
GRO:0007145
Producing new tillers from nodes after harvest
GR:pj , JCL
Is the period from the end of active tillering to the beginning of the reproductive stage. Tiller number decreases, height and stem diameter continue to increase but at a slower rate.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-4.3
GRO:0007146
The length of this period is a function of the maturation period of the cultivar. For very-short season cultivars with 110-day maturity, this period may not be evident. In this situation, maximum tillering stage and the beginning of reproductive growth may overlap. In a 150-day rice cultivar, the lag phase period may last more than two weeks. The vegetative lag phase in midseason varieties is characterized by yellowing plants
vegetative lag phase
GRO:0007146
Is the period from the end of active tillering to the beginning of the reproductive stage. Tiller number decreases, height and stem diameter continue to increase but at a slower rate.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp
Is the time when the panicle primordia initiate the production of a panicle in the uppermost node of the culm
cereal_plant_growth_stage
PI
green ring stage
rice growth stage-4.1
GRO:0007147
A thin green band is visible just above the top node, and represents the very beginning of internode elongation (stem elongation stage) and is evident for only a couple of days
4.1-panicle initiation stage
GRO:0007147
Is the time when the panicle primordia initiate the production of a panicle in the uppermost node of the culm
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
This stage is characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the panicle as it grows up the leaf sheath.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-5
GRO:0007148
05-booting stage
GRO:0007148
This stage is characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the panicle as it grows up the leaf sheath.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
In this stage, meiosis occurs. Panicle continues to grow.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-5.1
GRO:0007149
5.1-early booting stage
GRO:0007149
In this stage, meiosis occurs. Panicle continues to grow.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
In this stage the flag leaf has completely extended. It occurs about 6 days prior to heading.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
rice growth stage-5.2
GRO:0007150
5.2-late booting stage
GRO:0007150
In this stage the flag leaf has completely extended. It occurs about 6 days prior to heading.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
Refers to the events between the opening and closing of floret
cereal_plant_growth_stage
anthesis
anthesis stage
rice growth stage-6.1
GRO:0007151
The events occurring in this stage are: (a). The tips of the lemma and palea (hulls) open. #(b) The filaments elongate.# (c). The anthers exsert from the lemma and palea. #(d). As the lemma and palea open further, the tips of the feathery stigma become visible. #(e). The filaments elongate past the tips of lemma and palea. #(f). The spikelet closes, leaving the anther outside. Anther dehiscence (pollen shed) usually occurs just prior to or at the time the lemma and palea open (step a).
6.1-flowering stage
GRO:0007151
Refers to the events between the opening and closing of floret
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp
The starch in the grain begins to become firm but is still soft
cereal_plant_growth_stage
early dough grain
early dough stage
rice growth stage-8.1
GRO:0007152
8.1-dough stage
GRO:0007152
The starch in the grain begins to become firm but is still soft
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp
Occurs when 50% of the plants in the field are in some stage of bloom
cereal_plant_growth_stage
sorghum growth stage8
GRO:0007153
Flowering occurs over a 4 to 9 day period.
09-flowering
GRO:0007153
Occurs when 50% of the plants in the field are in some stage of bloom
GR:pj
web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf
The whole grain is firm during this stage and almost ready for harvest. The moisture content is still above 22 percent.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
late dough grain
late dough stage
rice growth stage-8.2
GRO:0007154
8.2-hard dough stage
GRO:0007154
The whole grain is firm during this stage and almost ready for harvest. The moisture content is still above 22 percent.
GR:pj
web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp
true
GRO:0007155
The development and growth of cereals wheat, oat and barley has been translated into several numeric scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. These are based on the most commonly used scales defined by Feekes, Zadok and Haun.
GRO:0007050
GRO:0007155
cereal_plant_growth_stage
Triticeae plant growth stage
barley growth stage
oat growth stage
wheat growth stage
GRO:0007156
The curators have extracted the growth stage information based on the document available at http://weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
wheat, barley and oat growth stage
GRO:0007156
The development and growth of cereals wheat, oat and barley has been translated into several numeric scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. These are based on the most commonly used scales defined by Feekes, Zadok and Haun.
GR:pj
web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm
Defines all the stages of panicle or rice inflorescence development from switching over of the stem apical meristem into rachis meristem to mature panicle formation.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007157
The panicle developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=panicle&item=All
panicle development
GRO:0007157
Defines all the stages of panicle or rice inflorescence development from switching over of the stem apical meristem into rachis meristem to mature panicle formation.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Defines all the stages of spikelet development from formation of rudimentary glumes to floret development.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007158
The spikelet developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=spikelet&item=All
spikelet development
GRO:0007158
Defines all the stages of spikelet development from formation of rudimentary glumes to floret development.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Defines all the stages of stamen development from stamen primordia differentiation to end of microgametogenesis.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007159
The stamen developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=stamen&item=All
stamen development
GRO:0007159
Defines all the stages of stamen development from stamen primordia differentiation to end of microgametogenesis.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Defines all the stages of ovule development from carpel primordium formation to megagametogenesis.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007160
The ovule developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=ovule&item=All
ovule development
GRO:0007160
Defines all the stages of ovule development from carpel primordium formation to megagametogenesis.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Recruitment of leaf founder or primordial cells occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007161
Marked by down regulation of Osh1 gene (GR_protein_id=77897) and expression of OsPnh gene (GR_protein_id=90881).
leaf stage P0
GRO:0007161
Recruitment of leaf founder or primordial cells occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Elongation of leaf blade occurs along with differentiation of epidermis specific bulliform cells, silica cells, cork cells and stomata.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007162
leaf stage P4
GRO:0007162
Elongation of leaf blade occurs along with differentiation of epidermis specific bulliform cells, silica cells, cork cells and stomata.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Foot-like shape, with overlapping of two leaf margins occurs along with differentiation of vascular bundle and establishment of leaf domains along the central-marginal axis.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007163
leaf stage P2
GRO:0007163
Foot-like shape, with overlapping of two leaf margins occurs along with differentiation of vascular bundle and establishment of leaf domains along the central-marginal axis.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Protrusion of leaf primordium and elongation of leaf margin around stem apical meristem (SAM) occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007164
leaf stage P1
GRO:0007164
Protrusion of leaf primordium and elongation of leaf margin around stem apical meristem (SAM) occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Elongation of leaf sheath, emergence of leaf blade from the sheath of preceding leaf and formation of lacunae occurs. The leaf blade, sheath, ligule and auricles are fully developed in the juvenile leaf.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007165
leaf stage P5
GRO:0007165
Elongation of leaf sheath, emergence of leaf blade from the sheath of preceding leaf and formation of lacunae occurs. The leaf blade, sheath, ligule and auricles are fully developed in the juvenile leaf.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Formation of ligule primordia and leaf blade and leaf sheath boundary occurs, along with differentiation of sclerenchymatous cells and initiation of epidermis.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007166
leaf stage P3
GRO:0007166
Formation of ligule primordia and leaf blade and leaf sheath boundary occurs, along with differentiation of sclerenchymatous cells and initiation of epidermis.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Completely mature adult leaf.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007167
leaf stage PX
GRO:0007167
Completely mature adult leaf.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
The stage marked by the fertilization event.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007168
Occurs at zero days after pollination. Number of embryo cells at this stage are one (zygote).
embryo stage EM1
GRO:0007168
The stage marked by the fertilization event.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Marked with onset of coleoptile, stem apical meristem (SAM) and radicle differentiation.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007169
Occurs at four days after pollination.
embryo stage EM5
GRO:0007169
Marked with onset of coleoptile, stem apical meristem (SAM) and radicle differentiation.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Globular stage of the embryo.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007170
Occurs at tow days after pollination.
embryo stage EM3
GRO:0007170
Globular stage of the embryo.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
First division of fertilized egg. Globular stage ca.25-cell stage marked with rapid cell division.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007171
Occurs at one day after pollination.
embryo stage EM2
GRO:0007171
First division of fertilized egg. Globular stage ca.25-cell stage marked with rapid cell division.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Leaf
Protrusion of first leaf primordium and enlargement of scutellum occurs at this stage. Marks the onset of juvenile vegetative stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007172
Occurs at five-six days after pollination. Expression of Amy1A (GR_protein_id=77717) in scutellar epithelium appears.
embryo stage EM6
GRO:0007172
Protrusion of first leaf primordium and enlargement of scutellum occurs at this stage. Marks the onset of juvenile vegetative stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
It's a globular stage with oblong-shaped embryo. Marked by onset of exponential increase in size and cell number. Formation of gradient of cell size along dorsoventral direction and marked regionalization in the developing embryo.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007173
Occurs at three days after pollination.
embryo stage EM4
GRO:0007173
It's a globular stage with oblong-shaped embryo. Marked by onset of exponential increase in size and cell number. Formation of gradient of cell size along dorsoventral direction and marked regionalization in the developing embryo.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Identified by protrusion of 2nd and 3rd leaf primordia and epiblast.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007174
Occurs at seven-eight days after pollination.
embryo stage EM7
GRO:0007174
Identified by protrusion of 2nd and 3rd leaf primordia and epiblast.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Enlargement of embryo parts and morphological completion.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007175
Occurs at nine-ten days after pollination. Expression of maturation-related genes such as OsEM (GR_protein_id=77791), Rab16A, VP1 (GR_protein_id=78075, 89294) observed.
embryo stage EM8
GRO:0007175
Enlargement of embryo parts and morphological completion.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Embryo
Embryo maturation process begins.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007176
Occurs at eleven-twenty days after pollination. Expression of maturation-related genes such as OsEM (GR_protein_id=77791), Rab16A, VP1 (GR_protein_id=78075, 89294) observed.
embryo stage EM9
GRO:0007176
Embryo maturation process begins.
GR:pj
GR_ref:6590
Oryzabase:Embryo
Embryo gains dormancy and tolerance for desiccation. Embryonic shoot, radicle, scutellum, epiblast and bundle sheath are mature.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007177
Occurs at 21 and onwards of days after pollination.
embryo stage EM10
GRO:0007177
Embryo gains dormancy and tolerance for desiccation. Embryonic shoot, radicle, scutellum, epiblast and bundle sheath are mature.
GR:pj
GR_ref:6590
Oryzabase:Embryo
Starts with carpel primordium formation.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007178
Panicle length at this stage is less than 0.3 cm.
ovule stage OV0
GRO:0007178
Starts with carpel primordium formation.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Ovule
Meiotic division of the megaspore mother cell results in a linear tetrad of megaspores. The inner integument elongation also occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007179
Panicle length at this stage is about 5-7 cm.
ovule stage OV4
GRO:0007179
Meiotic division of the megaspore mother cell results in a linear tetrad of megaspores. The inner integument elongation also occurs.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Integument primordia are initiated on both sides of the ovule primordium. Megasporogenesis starts with the formation of archespore from one of the sub-epidermal cells in the nucellus. The archespore is distinguished by its large size.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007180
Panicle length at this stage is about 1-3 cm.
ovule stage OV2
GRO:0007180
Integument primordia are initiated on both sides of the ovule primordium. Megasporogenesis starts with the formation of archespore from one of the sub-epidermal cells in the nucellus. The archespore is distinguished by its large size.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Ovule primordium formation and carpel elongation occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007181
Panicle length at this stage is about 0.3-1.0 cm.
ovule stage OV1
GRO:0007181
Ovule primordium formation and carpel elongation occurs.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
The inner integument fully encloses the nucellus, except for the area where micropyle forms. The ovule acquires an anatropous shape by rotating 60 degrees from its original position.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007182
Panicle length at this stage is about 7-10 cm.
ovule stage OV5
GRO:0007182
The inner integument fully encloses the nucellus, except for the area where micropyle forms. The ovule acquires an anatropous shape by rotating 60 degrees from its original position.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Integument primordia starts differentiation, firstly into outer integument and later into the outer integument. Funiculus develops on adaxial side of the ovary. The archespore expands and differentiates into the megaspore mother cell. The megaspore mother cell is polarized with its nucleus at the micropylar end.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007183
Panicle length at this stage is about 3-5 cm.
ovule stage OV3
GRO:0007183
Integument primordia starts differentiation, firstly into outer integument and later into the outer integument. Funiculus develops on adaxial side of the ovary. The archespore expands and differentiates into the megaspore mother cell. The megaspore mother cell is polarized with its nucleus at the micropylar end.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Micropylar megaspore degenerates and the functional megaspore enlarges.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007184
Panicle length at this stage is about 10-12 cm.
ovule stage OV6
GRO:0007184
Micropylar megaspore degenerates and the functional megaspore enlarges.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
The developing embryosac is at the two-nucleate megagametophyte stage. Degenerate megaspores are still visible. Marks the start of megagametogenesis.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007185
Panicle length at this stage is about 12-14 cm.
ovule stage OV7
GRO:0007185
The developing embryosac is at the two-nucleate megagametophyte stage. Degenerate megaspores are still visible. Marks the start of megagametogenesis.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Embryosac matures. The events include, polarization of the egg cell and synergids, fusion of the polar nuclei and mitosis of the antipodal cells to yield as many as eight cells. A single layer of four to five nucellus cells borders the micropyle.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007186
Panicle length at this stage is about 18-25 cm.
ovule stage OV10
GRO:0007186
Embryosac matures. The events include, polarization of the egg cell and synergids, fusion of the polar nuclei and mitosis of the antipodal cells to yield as many as eight cells. A single layer of four to five nucellus cells borders the micropyle.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Formation of eight nucleate megagametophyte, followed by migration of the nuclei and cellularization. The ovule rotates approximately 90 degrees from its original position.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007187
Panicle length at this stage is about 6-18 cm.
ovule stage OV9
GRO:0007187
Formation of eight nucleate megagametophyte, followed by migration of the nuclei and cellularization. The ovule rotates approximately 90 degrees from its original position.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Large central vacuole develops between the two nuclei of megagametophyte, followed by mitosis of both the nuclei, resulting in the four nucleate stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007188
Panicle length at this stage is about 14-16 cm.
ovule stage OV8
GRO:0007188
Large central vacuole develops between the two nuclei of megagametophyte, followed by mitosis of both the nuclei, resulting in the four nucleate stage.
GR:pj
GR_Ref:2512
Oryzabase:Ovule
Starts with conversion of stem apical meristem into inflorescence (panicle) apical meristem or rachis meristem.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007189
panicle stage PA1
GRO:0007189
Starts with conversion of stem apical meristem into inflorescence (panicle) apical meristem or rachis meristem.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Formation of lateral meristems from primary rachis meristem occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007190
Rachis is about 0.7 mm in length.
panicle stage PA6
GRO:0007190
Formation of lateral meristems from primary rachis meristem occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Beginning of the callus formation from a single protoplast or pollen cell
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007191
callus initiation
GRO:0007191
Beginning of the callus formation from a single protoplast or pollen cell
GR:pj
multiplication of the callus in undifferentiated form
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007192
callus promotion
GRO:0007192
multiplication of the callus in undifferentiated form
GR:pj
Differentiation of the callus tissue in the plantlet form.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
callus regeneration
GRO:0007193
plantlet regeneration
GRO:0007193
Differentiation of the callus tissue in the plantlet form.
GR:pj
Adsorption of water by colloidal materials of the seed, leading to seed swelling and increased metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
maize growth stage-0.1
GRO:0007194
0.01-imbibition
GRO:0007194
Adsorption of water by colloidal materials of the seed, leading to seed swelling and increased metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination.
MaizeDB:64054
Formation of third and subsequent bracts and 7-15 primary branch primordia occurs. Rachis meristem aborts turning the panicle into a determinate inflorescence from its indeterminate type in early stages of development.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007195
Rachis is about 0.1 mm in length.
panicle stage PA4
GRO:0007195
Formation of third and subsequent bracts and 7-15 primary branch primordia occurs. Rachis meristem aborts turning the panicle into a determinate inflorescence from its indeterminate type in early stages of development.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Rachis meristem enlarges and first bract formation occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007196
panicle stage PA2
GRO:0007196
Rachis meristem enlarges and first bract formation occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007197
panicle stage PA8
GRO:0007197
Formation of spikelets and florets occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007198
Rachis is more than 1 mm in length.
panicle stage PA7
GRO:0007198
Formation of spikelets and florets occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Ontology of the growth stages in various cereal crops.
GRO:0080001
cereal_plant_growth_stage
cereal plant ontology
GRO:0007199
cereal plant growth stage ontology
GRO:0007199
Ontology of the growth stages in various cereal crops.
GR:pj
Elongation of primary branch primordia occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007200
Marked by down regulation of OsH1 gene in rachis meristem. Rachis is less than 0.5 mm in length.
panicle stage PA5
GRO:0007200
Elongation of primary branch primordia occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Rachis meristem enlarges and second bract formation occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007201
panicle stage PA3
GRO:0007201
Rachis meristem enlarges and second bract formation occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Panicle
Formation of two rudimentary glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007202
spikelet stage SP1
GRO:0007202
Formation of two rudimentary glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Formation of lodicules occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007203
spikelet stage SP5
GRO:0007203
Formation of lodicules occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Formation of lemma in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007204
spikelet stage SP3
GRO:0007204
Formation of lemma in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Formation of two empty glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007205
spikelet stage SP2
GRO:0007205
Formation of two empty glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Formation of stamen primordia in a whorl occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007206
spikelet stage SP6
GRO:0007206
Formation of stamen primordia in a whorl occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Formation of Palea in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007207
spikelet stage SP4
GRO:0007207
Formation of Palea in distichous phyllotaxy occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Starts with formation of carpel primordium and establishment of rudimentary and empty glumes, lemma, palea, stamen and pistil occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007208
spikelet stage SP7
GRO:0007208
Starts with formation of carpel primordium and establishment of rudimentary and empty glumes, lemma, palea, stamen and pistil occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Spikelet
Stamen primordia differentiation occurs.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007209
At this stage floret is less than 1 mm in length.
stamen stage ST0
GRO:0007209
Stamen primordia differentiation occurs.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Primary parietal cells periclinally divide into endothecium and secondary parietal cells.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007210
At this stage floret is less than 2 mm in length.
stamen stage ST3
GRO:0007210
Primary parietal cells periclinally divide into endothecium and secondary parietal cells.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Archesporial cell differentiate at four corners of the anther hypodermal layer.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007211
At this stage floret is about 1 mm in length.
stamen stage ST1
GRO:0007211
Archesporial cell differentiate at four corners of the anther hypodermal layer.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
This stage describes the microsporogenesis in rice plant.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007212
At this stage floret is about 2-5 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5
GRO:0007212
This stage describes the microsporogenesis in rice plant.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Secondary parietal cells periclinally divide into middle layer and tapetum cells. Premeiotic DNA synthesis occurs and Pollen mother cell (PMC) enters into meiosis stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007213
At this stage floret is about 2 mm in length.
stamen stage ST4
GRO:0007213
Secondary parietal cells periclinally divide into middle layer and tapetum cells. Premeiotic DNA synthesis occurs and Pollen mother cell (PMC) enters into meiosis stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Archesporial cells divide into primary sporogenous cells and primary parietal cells.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007214
At this stage floret is about 1.5 mm in length.
stamen stage ST2
GRO:0007214
Archesporial cells divide into primary sporogenous cells and primary parietal cells.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Terms that are deleted from growth stage ontology are assigned this new parent term.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007215
obsolete cereal plant growth stage terms
true
GRO:0007215
Terms that are deleted from growth stage ontology are assigned this new parent term.
GR:pj
The physiologically mature seed that is ready to undergo the germination phase. The seed may or maynot be in the dormant state.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007216
1.1-dry seed
GRO:0007216
The physiologically mature seed that is ready to undergo the germination phase. The seed may or maynot be in the dormant state.
GR:pj
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I leptotene stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007217
stamen stage ST5-1
GRO:0007217
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I leptotene stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I zygotene stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007218
stamen stage ST5-2
GRO:0007218
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I zygotene stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I pachytene stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007219
At this stage floret is about 3-3.4 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-3
GRO:0007219
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I pachytene stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diplotene stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007220
At this stage floret is about 3.5 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-4
GRO:0007220
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diplotene stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diakinesis stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007221
At this stage floret is about 3.8 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-5
GRO:0007221
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diakinesis stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I metaphase-I and anaphase-I stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007222
At this stage floret is about 4.2 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-6
GRO:0007222
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I metaphase-I and anaphase-I stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-II stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007223
At this stage floret is about 4.5 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-7
GRO:0007223
Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-II stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Tetrad formation occurs. Endothecium and middle layer cells degrade.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007224
At this stage floret is about 5 mm in length.
stamen stage ST5-8
GRO:0007224
Tetrad formation occurs. Endothecium and middle layer cells degrade.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Describes the microgametogenesis stages in rice plant.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007225
stamen stage ST6
GRO:0007225
Describes the microgametogenesis stages in rice plant.
GR:pj
Uninucleate pollen formation.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007226
stamen stage ST6-1
GRO:0007226
Uninucleate pollen formation.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen is in binucleate stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007227
stamen stage ST6-3
GRO:0007227
Pollen is in binucleate stage.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen undergoes mitosis-I.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007228
stamen stage ST6-2
GRO:0007228
Pollen undergoes mitosis-I.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen undergoes mitosis-II.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007229
stamen stage ST6-4
GRO:0007229
Pollen undergoes mitosis-II.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Pollen undergoes maturation phase and so the anthers.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007230
At this stage floret is about 7 mm in length.
stamen stage ST6-5
GRO:0007230
Pollen undergoes maturation phase and so the anthers.
GR:pj
Oryzabase:Stamen
Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues. The process increases metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007231
1.2-imbibition stage
GRO:0007231
Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues. The process increases metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination.
GR:pj
The process of absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues has just begun. Compared to the dry state seed, the metabolic activity may not show any significant increase at this stage.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007232
1.21-early imbibition stage
GRO:0007232
The process of absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues has just begun. Compared to the dry state seed, the metabolic activity may not show any significant increase at this stage.
GR:pj
Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues is complete. The increase in metabolic activity is well established.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007233
1.22-late imbibition stage
GRO:0007233
Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues is complete. The increase in metabolic activity is well established.
GR:pj
The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile emerges before the radicle.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007234
1.3-radicle emergence stage
GRO:0007234
The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile emerges before the radicle.
GR:pj
The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule emerges through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the radicle emerges before the coleoptile.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007235
1.3-coleoptile emergence stage
GRO:0007235
The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule emerges through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the radicle emerges before the coleoptile.
GR:pj
The radicle with coleorhiza and coleoptile, enclosing the plumule, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile and radicle emergence may occur together or preceed either depending on the rice variety.
cereal_plant_growth_stage
GRO:0007236
1.3-radicle and coleoptile emergence stage
GRO:0007236
The radicle with coleorhiza and coleoptile, enclosing the plumule, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile and radicle emergence may occur together or preceed either depending on the rice variety.
GR:pj
true
GRO:0080001
DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3
13:03:2007 14:52
cereal_plant_growth_stage
1.0
cwt6
$Revision: 1.6 $
This is the first version of the cereal plant growth stage ontology. This is created from the files temporal_gramene.ontology (ver 1.12) and temporal_gramene.definition (ver 1.13).