* HOM:$sequence(7,0,9999999)$
02:12:2009 15:16
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
1.2
definition
namespace-id-rule
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison.
ECO:0000041
SO:similar_to
sameness
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
correspondence
resemblance
HOM:0000000
similarity
HOM:0000000
Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison.
BGEE:curator
ECO:0000041
inferred from similarity
correspondence
DOI:10.1007/BF02814479
Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000001
This broad definition encompasses all the working definitions proposed so far in the literature.
homology
HOM:0000001
Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin.
DOI:10.1002/bies.950180611
DOI:10.1002/jmor.1051730307
DOI:10.1007/BF02814480
Similarity that results from independent evolution.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
analogy
HOM:0000002
homoplasy
HOM:0000002
Similarity that results from independent evolution.
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010
Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes.
ECO:0000075
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000003
Homology and homocracy are not mutually exclusive. The homology relationships of patterning genes may be unresolved and thus may include orthologues and paralogues.
homocracy
HOM:0000003
Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814484
DOI:10.1007/s00427-003-0301-4
DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-2-15
ECO:0000075
inferred from gene expression similarity
Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
analogy
HOM:0000004
Convergence usually implies a notion of adaptation.
convergence
HOM:0000004
Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures.
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010
Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures.
parallel evolution
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000005
Can be applied for features present in closely related organisms but not present continuously in all the members of the lineage.
parallelism
HOM:0000005
Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures.
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010
Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters.
ECO:0000071
MI:2163
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
idealistic homology
HOM:0000006
structural homology
HOM:0000006
Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters.
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.014
DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411
ISBN:0123195837
ECO:0000071
inferred from morphological similarity
MI:2163
by homology
Homology that is defined by common descent.
homology
ECO:0000080
RO_proposed_relation:homologous_to
SO:0000330
SO:0000853
SO:0000857
SO:homologous_to
TAO:homologous_to
cladistic homology
phylogenetic homology
taxic homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
true homology
HOM:0000007
historical homology
HOM:0000007
Homology that is defined by common descent.
DOI:10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01125-7
ISBN:0123195837
ECO:0000080
inferred from phylogeny
SO:0000330
conserved_region
SO:0000853
homologous_region
SO:0000857
homologous
Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype.
ECO:0000067
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
transformational homology
HOM:0000008
Applicable only to morphology. A certain degree of ambiguity is accepted between biological homology and parallelism.
biological homology
HOM:0000008
Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype.
DOI:10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01125-7
DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411
ECO:0000067
inferred from developmental similarity
Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage.
atavism
rudiment
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
reversion
HOM:0000009
reversal
HOM:0000009
Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage.
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010
Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes.
MeSH:Synteny
SO:0000860
SO:0005858
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
synteny
HOM:0000010
syntenic homology
HOM:0000010
Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes.
MeSH:Synteny
SO:0000860
syntenic
SO:0005858
syntenic_region
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event.
SO:0000854
SO:0000859
SO:paralogous_to
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000011
paralogy
HOM:0000011
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event.
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
PMID:5449325
SO:0000854
paralogous_region
SO:0000859
paralogous
Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
duplicon
paralogon
HOM:0000012
syntenic paralogy
HOM:0000012
Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks.
DOI:10.1002/1097-010X(20001215)288:4<345::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-Y
DOI:10.1186/1471-213X-7-100
Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000013
syntenic orthology
HOM:0000013
Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species.
DOI:10.1101/gr.6380007
Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous.
fractional homology
segmental homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
mixed homology
modular homology
partial correspondence
percent homology
HOM:0000014
partial homology
HOM:0000014
Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous.
ISBN:0123195837
ISBN:978-0471984931
Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence.
MeSH:Structural Homology, Protein
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000015
protein structural homology
HOM:0000015
Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence.
DOI:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90195-9
Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor.
pseudogene
SO:non_functional_homolog_of
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000016
non functional homology
HOM:0000016
Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor.
SO:non_functional_homolog_of
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event.
ECO:00000060
SO:0000855
SO:0000858
SO:orthologous_to
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000017
The term is sometimes also used for anatomical structures.
orthology
HOM:0000017
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814484
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
PMID:5449325
ECO:00000060
inferred from sequence orthology
SO:0000855
orthologous_region
SO:0000858
orthologous
Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000018
The term is sometimes also used for anatomical structures (e.g. in case of a symbiosis).
xenology
HOM:0000018
Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor.
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered.
1:1 homology
one-to-one homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000019
1 to 1 homology
HOM:0000019
Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered.
BGEE:curator
Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them.
1:1 orthology
one-to-one orthology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000020
1 to 1 orthology
HOM:0000020
Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814484
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Relationship between recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa and have different generative bases.
generative homoplasy
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000021
allogeny
true
HOM:0000021
Relationship between recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa and have different generative bases.
DOI:10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<846::AID-BIES10>3.0.CO;2-R
Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
homoeology
HOM:0000022
ohnology
HOM:0000022
Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event.
DOI:10.1038/75560
Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event.
inparalogy
symparalogy
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000023
in-paralogy
HOM:0000023
Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event.
alloparalogy
outparalogy
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000024
out-paralogy
HOM:0000024
Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000025
pro-orthology
HOM:0000025
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A.
DOI:10.1006/scdb.1999.0338
DOI:10.1038/nrg2099
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000026
The converse of pro-orthologous.
semi-orthology
HOM:0000026
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B.
DOI:10.1006/scdb.1999.0338
DOI:10.1038/nrg2099
Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
homonomy
HOM:0000027
serial homology
HOM:0000027
Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411
Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures.
heterochrony
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000028
heterochronous homology
HOM:0000028
Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles.
juvenification
pedomorphosis
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000029
paedomorphorsis
HOM:0000029
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles.
ISBN:978-0674639416
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedomorphosis
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000030
peramorphosis
HOM:0000030
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peramorphosis
Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000031
progenesis
HOM:0000031
Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage.
ISBN:978-0674639416
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progenesis
Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development.
juvenilization
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000032
neoteny
HOM:0000032
Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development.
ISBN:978-0674639416
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoteny
Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race.
admin
2009-07-30T11:28:41Z
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000033
mimicry
HOM:0000033
Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race.
http:://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicry
Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other.
1:many orthology
one-to-many orthology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
co-orthology
many to 1 orthology
HOM:0000034
1 to many orthology
HOM:0000034
Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other.
DOI:10.1038/415741a
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs.
many-to-many homology
many:many homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000036
many to many homology
HOM:0000036
Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs.
DOI:10.1093/molbev/msp002
Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species.
one-to-many homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
1:many homology
HOM:0000037
1 to many homology
HOM:0000037
Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species.
BGEE:curator
Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
synapomorphy
HOM:0000042
apomorphy
HOM:0000042
Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group.
ISBN:978-0252068140
Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
symplesiomorphy
HOM:0000043
This term is usually contrasted to apomorphy.
plesiomorphy
HOM:0000043
Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry.
ISBN:978-0252068140
Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution.
deep genetic homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
generative homology
homoiology
HOM:0000044
Used for structures in distantly related taxa.
deep homology
HOM:0000044
Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814485
DOI:10.1038/nature07891
Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000045
hemiplasy
HOM:0000045
Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree.
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0807433105
Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000046
gametology
HOM:0000046
Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes.
PMID:11110898
Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis.
MeSH:Chromosome Pairing
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000047
chromosomal homology
HOM:0000047
Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis.
ISBN:0195307615
Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them.
many-to-many orthology
many:many orthology
trans-orthology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
co-orthology
trans-homology
HOM:0000048
many to many orthology
HOM:0000048
Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them.
DOI:10.1038/415741a
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Paralogy that involves genes from the same species.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000049
within-species paralogy
HOM:0000049
Paralogy that involves genes from the same species.
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Paralogy that involves genes from different species.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000050
The genes have diverged before a speciation event.
between-species paralogy
HOM:0000050
Paralogy that involves genes from different species.
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form.
post-displacement
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000051
postdisplacement
HOM:0000051
Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedomorphosis
Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000052
hypermorphosis
HOM:0000052
Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development.
ISBN:978-0674639416
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peramorphosis
Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000053
synology
HOM:0000053
Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species.
DOI:10.1007/BF00173425
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
ECO:0000080
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000054
isoorthology
HOM:0000054
Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
ECO:0000080
inferred from phylogeny
Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
iterative paralogy
serial paralogy
HOM:0000055
tandem paralogy
HOM:0000055
Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment.
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9
ISBN:978-0878932665
Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character).
apomorphic tendency
cryptic homology
underlying synapomorphy
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
homoiology
homoplastic tendency
re-awakening
HOM:0000057
Used for structures in closely related taxa.
latent homology
HOM:0000057
Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character).
DOI:10.1007/BF02814485
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010
DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-2-15
ISBN:0199141118
Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual.
generative homology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000058
Cannot be used when orthologous patterning gene are organizing obviously non-homologous structures in different organisms due for example to pleiotropic functions of these genes.
syngeny
HOM:0000058
Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual.
DOI:10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<846::AID-BIES10>3.0.CO;2-R
DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-2-15
Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss.
1:1 paralogy
apparent 1:1 orthology
pseudoorthology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000060
The genes are actually paralogs but appear to be orthologous due to differential, lineage-specific gene loss.
apparent orthology
HOM:0000060
Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html
Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000061
These genes may come out as paralogs in a single-genome analysis.
pseudoparalogy
HOM:0000061
Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000062
This may include examples of orthology, paralogy and xenology.
equivalogy
HOM:0000062
Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
DOI:10.1093/nar/gkl1043
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000063
interology
HOM:0000063
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms.
DOI:10.1101/gr.1774904
DOI:10.1126/science.287.5450.116
Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
functional similarity
HOM:0000065
functional equivalence
HOM:0000065
Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814484
DOI:10.1038/415741a
Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000066
iterative homology
HOM:0000066
Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism.
DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411
Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome.
duplicate xenology
multiple xenology
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000068
paraxenology
HOM:0000068
Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome.
PMID:3065587
Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000069
This phenomenon is usually due to gene conversion process.
plerology
HOM:0000069
Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution.
PMID:3065587
Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000071
Theissen (2005) mentions that some authors may consider homotopy to be distinct from homology, but this is not the standard use.
homotopy
HOM:0000071
Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814484
DOI:10.1007/BF02814485
ISBN:0123195837
Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
heterotopy
HOM:0000072
homeosis
HOM:0000072
Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure.
DOI:10.1007/BF02814485
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.030
Synology that results from allopolyploidy.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000073
On a long term, it is hard to distinguish allopolyploidy from whole genome duplication.
homoeology
HOM:0000073
Synology that results from allopolyploidy.
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0505156102
Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
axis paramorphism
HOM:0000074
paramorphism
HOM:0000074
Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure.
DOI:10.1007/s10441-007-9023-8
DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00054.x
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms.
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
HOM:0000075
regulogy
HOM:0000075
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms.
DOI:10.1101/gr.1774904
* HOM:$sequence(7,0,9999999)$
02:12:2009 15:16
homology_and_related_concepts_in_biology
1.2