Abdul mateen Rajput
Luca Toldo
Ashutosh Malhotra
20120927
en
MS Ontology
OBO_REL:preceded_by
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t.
OBO_REL:adjacent_to
Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum
C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity
OBO_REL:bearer_of
This relation links a bearer to its qualities, functions, dispositions and other dependent continuants.
comment: Examples: red eye bearer_of redness
! range: snap:DependentContinuant
A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in
OBO_REL:derives_from
Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.
Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'.
OBO_REL:has_agent
As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process
OBO_REL:has_participant
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t
OBO_REL:has_role
A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of.
has role
This relation links qualities, functions, dispositions and other dependent continuants to their bearers. Examples: A particular shape that inheres in a lung; The redness that ineres in a Drosophila eye; Catalytic activity function inheres_in catalytic molecule. Note that inherence is a functional relation: if x inheres_in y at t and x inheres_in z at t, then y=z. We leave open the possibility of a relation multiply_inheres_in, such as between a gene sequence and the multiple chromosomes it multiply inheres in. The super-relation of both inheres_in and multiply_inheres_in would be depends_on
A relation between a dependent continuant D and an entity E. D inheres_in E iff: given any d that instantiates D at t, there exists some e that instantiates E at t and d *inheres_in* e at t. Here *inheres_in* is the primitive instance level relation." [GOC:cjm]
Used to generate the various views on the ontology.
An entity can be used in a specific context.
OBO_REL:located_in
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.)
OBO_REL:part_of
Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell.
For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
MSOntology:ADAM17
Gene :HS052861
Uniprot ID:P78536
TACE gene
A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE DOMAIN 17
ADAM17
C1569773
CSVP gene
EC 3.4.24.86
Snake venom-like protease
TNF-alpha convertase
TNF-alpha-converting enzyme
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA CONVERTING ENZYME
tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase
This gene encodes a protein that cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein. Also involved in the activation of Notch pathway
ADAM17
MSOntology:ADAMTS14
HS014666
MESH: C447060
a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 14 protein
A family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. They are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many transmembrane proteins and the release of their extracellular domain.
ADAMTS14
MSOntology:ADAR
HS039678
MESH :C086579
Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
The enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAR )
ADAR
MSOntology:AFGF
HS043484
MESH : C116274
FGF1
Heparin-binding growth factor 1
A member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFGF )
AFGF
MSOntology:AGER
HS042716
MESH : C068348
The receptor that could play an important role in the regulation of extracellular protein turnover, and primarily the vessel wall proteins.
(MESH definition )
AGER
MSOntology:ALK
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ALK
ALK gene
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (Ki-1) Gene
C1332080
This gene is involved in brain development and neuronal specificity.
ALK
MSOntology:ALOX5
HS044233
MESH : D001094
ALOX5 Gene
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-HPETE) which is rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (5-HETE). The 5-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in leukocytes.
(MESH definition )
ALOX5
MSOntology:ALS2
HS051318
MESH : C438187
alsin
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) protein
ALS2
MSOntology:APAF1
Gene :HS046239
Uniprot ID:O14727
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
APAF-1
APAF1 Protein
Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor
Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1
Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1
Apoptotic-Protease-Activating-Factor-1
KIAA0413 gene
Protease-Activating Factor, Apaf-1
The gene that encodes Oligomeric which Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP. Isoform 6 is less effective in inducing apoptosis..
APAF1
MSOntology:API1
Gene :HS046357
Uniprot ID:Q13490
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BIRC2
API1
APOPTOSIS INHIBITOR 1
BACULOVIRAL IAP REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2
C-IAP1
HIAP2
IAP homolog B
IAP-2
IAP2
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2
MAMMALIAN IAP HOMOLOG B
MIHB
MIHB
RING finger protein 48
RNF48
hIAP-2
hIAP2
The gene that encodes Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling, and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis.
API1
MSOntology:APRIL
Gene :HS039302
MESH :D053300
A Proliferation Inducing Ligand Protein
TALL 2 Protein
TALL-2 Protein
TNF and APOL Related Leukocyte Expressed Ligand 2 Protein
TNF- and APOL-Related Leukocyte Expressed Ligand 2 Protein
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13
acidic protein rich in leucines
A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on macrophages,dendritic cells and T-lymphocytes. It occurs as transmembrane protein that can be cleaved to release a secreted form that specifically binds to tranmembrane activator and CAML interactor protein and B cell maturation antigen.
APRIL
MSOntology:AXL
HS050503
MESH : C071031
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Gene
AXL TRANSFORMING GENE
AXL gene
C0812237
ONCOGENE AXL
This gene plays a role in the tyrosine kinase receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway. The gene is also involved in cellular proliferation and aggregation.
AXL
MSOntology:Abducens_Nerve_Palsy
MESH : D020434
6th Nerve Palsy
ABDUCENS NERVE DIS
Abducens Nerve Disease
Abducens Nerve Diseases
Abducens Nerve Palsies
Abducens nerve disorder
Abducens nerve paralysis
Abducens nerve paresis
Abducens nerve weakness
Abducent Nerve Paralysis
Sixth cranial nerve paralysis
Sixth cranial nerve weakness
VI Nerve Palsy
VITH CRANIAL NERVE DIS
VIth Cranial Nerve Diseases
VIth Nerve Disorder
VIth Nerve Paralysis
Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons.
(MeSH definition)
Abducens_Nerve_Palsy
MSOntology:Abnormal_Sensation
Abnormal_Sensation
MSOntology:Acetaminophen
Drug :DBA000310
MESH :D000082
APAP
APAP
Acamol
Acephen
Acetaco
Acetamidofenol
Acetamidophenol
Acetamidophenol
Acetaminofen
Acetaminofene
Acetaminophen
Acetominophen
Acetominophen
Algotropyl
Anacin 3
Anacin-3
Anacin3
Azetaminophen
C0000970
Datril
Hydroxyacetanilide
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetanilide
N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol
PARATSETAMOL
Panadol
Paracetamol
Paracetamol
Tylenol
p-Acetamidophenol
p-Acetamidophenol
p-Hydroxyacetanilide
Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Acetylcholine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Acetylcholine
Ach
C0001041
acetylcholin
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000109 )
Acetylcholine
MSOntology:Actin
MESH :D000199
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Actin
Actins
C0001271
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits, each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Actin
MSOntology:Action_Potential
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0001272
Potential, Action
An explosive release of charge between a nerve cell (neuron) and its surroundings. It moves along a neuron from a dendrite, through the soma and then the axon. It is part of the mechanism that moves nervous messages (nerve transmissions or impulses) along neurons.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/actionpotential.html )
Action_Potential
MSOntology:Action_Tremor
Rhythmic, oscillatory, involuntary movements of the outstretched upper limb.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/action+tremor )
Action_Tremor
MSOntology:Activation_Markers
Activation_Marker molecule
MSOntology:Active_Immunization
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Active Immunization
Active Immunizations
Active immunisation
Administration of vaccine to produce active immunity
C0205991
Immunization, Active
Immunizations, Active
Deliberate stimulation of a host's immune response via administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants.
Active_Immunization
MSOntology:Active_Lesion
MSOntology:Acupuncture
ACP - Acupuncture
ACUPUNCTURE THER
Acupuncture
Acupuncture Therapy
Insertion of acupuncture needle
THER ACUPUNCTURE
Therapy, Acupuncture
An alternative medicine methodology originating in ancient China that treats patients by manipulating thin, solid needles that have been inserted into acupuncture points in the skin.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncture )
_Acupuncture
MSOntology:Acute_Axonal_Injury
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Axon dysfunction
Axonal damage
Transection
The loss of myelin sheaths surrounding axons results in abnormal patterns or interruption of neural conduction and leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of the MS.
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/search-results/index.aspx?q=acute+axonal+injury&x=0&y=0&start=0&num=20 )
Acute_Axonal_Injury
MSOntology:Acute_CEL
http://ms.about.com/od/glossary/g/Gd_lesion.htm
The active, rapidly onset lesions that enhances with gadolinium and allows one to know recent disease activity and determine if a relapse is occurring.
Acute_CEL
MSOntology:Acute_CNS_inflammation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inflammation
The initial response of the body to harmful stimuli and is achieved by the increased movement of plasma and leukocytes (especially granulocytes ) from the blood into the CNS.
Acute CNS inflammation
MSOntology:Acute_Demyelination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelination
The rapid onset of the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.
Acute_Demyelination
MSOntology:Acute_Disseminated_Encephalomyelitis
MeSH:MDC000790
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ACUTE DISSEM ENCEPH
C0014059
DISSEM ENCEPH ACUTE
Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Acute
ENCEPH ACUTE DISSEM
An inflammatory process affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by perivascular demyelination. Symptoms usually follow an acute viral infection or immunization and include fever, confusion, somnolence and involuntary movements. It may lead to coma and death.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
MSOntology:Acute_EAE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis
An animal model of brain inflammation which is characterised by an rapid onset of inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system .
Acute EAE
MSOntology:Acute_Focal_Lesion
Scientific Reference: Stroke. 1997 Jan;28(1):101-9.
The sudden focal damage of the myelin sheath.
Acute_Focal_Lesion
MSOntology:Acute_Transverse_Myelitis
MeSH:MDC001767
Acute Transverse Myelitis
Myelitis, Acute Transverse
Myelitis, Transverse
Transverse Myelitis
Transverse Myelitis, Acute
Transverse Myelopathy Syndrome
Transverse Myelopathy Syndromes
Inflammation of a transverse portion of the spinal cord characterized by acute or subacute segmental demyelination or necrosis. Clinical manifestations include motor weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence.
(MeSH definition)
Acute_Transverse_Myelitis
MSOntology:Acute_axonal_damage
AAD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron#Axonal_degeneration
Acute Axonal Degeneration
The rapid separation of the proximal and distal ends of neuronal axons within 30 minutes of injury.
Acute axonal damage
MSOntology:Acute_demyelination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin#Demyelination
The rapid loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves.
Acute demyelination
MSOntology:Adaptive_immune_response
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Abberant autoimmune response
Abnormal autoimmune response
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
Adaptive immune response
MSOntology:Adhesion_Molecules
CAM
CAMs
Cell adhesion molecule
Cell adhesion molecules
The proteins located on the cell surface[1] involved with the binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process called cell adhesion.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_molecules )
Adhesion_Molecules
MSOntology:Adhesion_molecules
MESH: D019006
Cell adhesion molecule involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis.
(MeSH definition)
_Adhesion molecules
MSOntology:Adoptive_transfer
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0376518
Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).
Adoptive transfer
MSOntology:Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone
Corticotrophin
1-39 ACTH
ACTH
ACTH
ACTH (1-39)
ACTH - Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Adrenocorticotropes Hormon
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adrenocorticotropin
Adrenocorticotropin
C0001655
Corticostimuline
Corticotrophic hormone
Corticotrophin
Corticotrophin (1-39)
Corticotrophine
Corticotrophins
Corticotropic hormone
Corticotropin
Corticotropin
Corticotropin (1-39)
Corticotropine
Corticotropins
Hormone corticotrope
Hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic
Hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic
Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic
An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex and its production of corticosteroids.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000324 )
MSOntology:Afferent_Nerve
Any nerve that transmits impulses from the periphery toward the central nervous system.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/afferent+nerve )
Afferent_Nerve
MSOntology:Afferent_Pupillar_Defect
APD
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/afferent+pupillary+defect
A complete magnitude in defect of the pupillary reflex characterized by a smaller constriction of both pupils when the affected eye is stimulated by light as compared to that occurring when the normal eye is stimulated.
Afferent_Pupillar_Defect
MSOntology:Africans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africans
The natives or inhabitants of Africa and people of African descent.
Africans
MSOntology:Agent_based_model
ABM
multi-agent system
multi-agent simulation
The class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) with a view to assessing their effects on the system as a whole.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent-based_model )
Agent based model
MSOntology:Aggressive_MS
http://www.themcfox.com/multiple-sclerosis/types-of-ms/types-of-multiple-sclerosis.htm
Malignant Multiple Sclerosis
Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis.
The swift and relentless decline to significant disability or even death, often within a few weeks or months after the onset of the initial attack.
Aggressive MS
MSOntology:Akinesia
The inability to initiate movement due to difficulty selecting and/or activating motor programs in the central nervous system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinesia )
Akinesia
MSOntology:Aldh
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ALDH
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
C1151646
EC 1.2.1.3
A group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of aldehydes.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALDH )
Aldh
MSOntology:Alemtuzumab
Berlex brand of alemtuzumab
CAMPATH-1
Campath
Campath 1G
Campath 1H
Campath 1M
Campath-1-G
Campath-1G
Campath-1H
Campath-1M
MabCambath
MedacSchering brand of alemtuzumab
Schering brand of alemtuzumab
monoclonal antibody Campath-1H
A therapeutic antibody directed against the CD52 antigen expressed by the lymphocytes and has proven lytic abilities both in vitro and in vivo.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Alpha_1_beta_glycoprotein
A1BG
MESH :C048566
Uniprot ID :P04217
Alpha-1-B glycoprotein
Alpha-1B-glycoprotein
The protein that contains 5 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and interacts with CRISP3
Alpha_1_beta_glycoprotein
MSOntology:Alpha_2_hs_glycoprotein
MESH :D060749
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0051477
A fetuin subtype that is synthesized by HEPATOCYTES and secreted into the circulation. It plays a major role in preventing CALCIUM precipitation in the BLOOD.
Alpha_2_hs_glycoprotein
MSOntology:Alpha_beta_crystallin
Uniprot ID:B1MV71
Alpha B crystallin
This protein belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family and are the structural constituent of eye lens
Alpha_beta_crystallin
MSOntology:Alpha_synuclein
MESH :D051844
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0285890
Alpha-synuclein (140 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human SNCA gene. This protein plays a role in the modulation of presynaptic vesicle transport and release.
Alpha_synuclein
MSOntology:Alprazolam
Drug :DBA000397
MESH :D000525
Alphapharm Brand of Alprazolam
Alprazolam
Alprazolam Alphapharm Brand
Alprazolam Apotex Brand
Alprazolam Kenral Brand
Alprazolam Novopharm Brand
Alprazolam Nu-Pharm Brand
Alprazolam Orion Brand
Alprazolam Pfizer Brand
Alprazolam Temmler Brand
Alprazolan
Alprazolan
Alprox
Apo Alpraz
Apo-Alpraz
ApoAlpraz
Apotex Brand of Alprazolam
Arzneimittelwerk Dresden Brand of Alprazolam
C0002333
Cassadan
D-65MT
D65MT
Esparon
Kalma
Kenral Brand of Alprazolam
Novo Alprazol
Novo-Alprazol
NovoAlprazol
Novopharm Brand of Alprazolam
Nu Alpraz
Nu Pharm Brand of Alprazolam
Nu-Alpraz
Nu-Pharm Brand of Alprazolam
NuAlpraz
Orion Brand of Alprazolam
Pfizer Brand of Alprazolam
Ralozam
Tafil
Tafil
Temmler Brand of Alprazolam
Trankimazin
U-31,889
U31,889
Xanax
Xanax
A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, and in generalized anxiety disorders.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Alprazolam )
MSOntology:Altered_Peptide_Ligand
APL
partial agonist
A peptide, usually closely related to an agonist peptide in amino acid sequence, that induces only a partial response from T cells specific for the agonist peptide.
(Source: http://www.termwiki.com/EN:altered_peptide_ligand )
MSOntology:Amantadine
Drug :DBA000907
MESH :D000547
1 Aminoadamantane
1-Aminoadamantane
AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Adamantanamine hydrochloride
Adamantylamine
Amantadin
Amantadine
Amantadine HCl
C0002403
Hydrochloride, Amantadine
An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Ambulation_Index
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/for-professionals/researchers/clinical-study-measures/ai/index.aspx
Scale used to assess mobility by evaluating the time and degree of assistance required to walk 25 feet
Ambulation_Index
MSOntology:Amitriptyline
Drug :DBA000315
MESH :D000639
AMITRIPTILIN
APS Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Alphapharm Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amineurin
Amitrip
Amitriptylin
Amitriptylin Desitin
Apo Amitriptyline
ApoAmitriptyline
Apotex Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amitriptylin RPh
Amitriptylin beta
Amitriptylin neuraxpharm
Amitriptylin-neuraxpharm
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amitriptylinneuraxpharm
Amitrol
Amrad Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Anapsique
Apo-Amitriptyline
Bayer Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Betapharm Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
C0002600
Cahill May Roberts Brand of Amitriptyline Embonate
Cahill May Roberts Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
DDSA Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Damilen
Desitin Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Desitin, Amitriptylin
Domical
Douglas Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Elavil
Endep
Goldshield Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Hexal Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Krewel Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Laroxyl
Lentizol
Lundbeck Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Merck Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Merck Sharp & Dohme Brand of Amitriptyline Embonate
Merck Sharp & Dohme Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Neuro Hexal Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Novoprotect
Parke Davis Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Protea Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Psicofarma Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
RPh, Amitriptylin
Rhône Poulenc Rorer Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Roche Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Rodleben Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Saroten
Sarotex
Syneudon
TEPERIN
TRIPTIZOL
Triptafen
Tryptanol
Tryptine
Tryptizol
Zeneca Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
beta, Amitriptylin
neuraxpharm Brand of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Anterior_Horn
A column of grey matter containing a type of nerve cell called alpha motor neurons. Motor neurons are responsible for muscle control and movement and contrast with sensory neurons which are responsible for transmitting sensory information to the brain.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/anteriorhorn.html )
Anterior_Horn
MSOntology:Anti-ALU_repeats
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004456
The complementary strand to the ALU-repeats, the most abundant repetitive elements in the human genome and microRNAs.
Anti-ALU_repeats
MSOntology:Anti-AQP45
doi: 10.1093/brain/awm062
The antibody to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4),the water channel protein mainly expressed in the brain and spinal cord.
Anti-AQP45
MSOntology:Anti-ATP2C1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP2C1
The antibody to the ATPase type 2C member 1 enzyme, magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
Anti-ATP2C1
MSOntology:Anti-CNPase
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide_3'-phosphodiesterase
The antibody to the myelin-associated enzyme that catalyzes the phosphodiester hydrolysis of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides to 2'-nucleotide.
Anti-CNPase
MSOntology:Anti-CRYAB
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRYAB
The antibody to the protein Alpha-crystallin B chain, whose elevated expression occurs in many neurological diseases.
Anti-CRYAB
MSOntology:Anti-GAPDH
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904083
The antibody to the GADPH, whose interaction with other proteins may reduce GAPDH enzyme activity and damage brain neurons.
Anti-GAPDH
MSOntology:Anti-GalC
OMIM:606890
The antibody to the GALC, a lysosomal enzyme involved in the
catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin.
Anti-GalC
MSOntology:Anti-Gangliosides
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.171702
The antibody to the Ganglioside, which are present richly in the outer leaflet of neuronal membranes, involved in maintenance rather than development of the nervous system and are the antigenic targets of autoantibodies.
Anti-Gangliosides
MSOntology:Anti-HSP60
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSP60
The antibody to the HSP60, the a chaperonin which assists in protein folding in mitochondria and plays a role in autoimmune disease.
Anti-HSP60
MSOntology:Anti-HSP70
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSP70
The antibody to HSP70, which directly inhibits apoptosis.
Anti-HSP70
MSOntology:Anti-HSP90
doi: 10.4155/fmc.09.17
The antibody to the HSP90, whose stimulation has potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that result from misfolded and aggregated proteins.
Anti-HSP90
MSOntology:Anti-KIAA1279
Am J Hum Genet. 2005 July; 77(1): 120–126.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIAA1279
The antibody to the KIF-1 binding protein, which is important in the central nervous system development.
Anti-KIAA1279
MSOntology:Anti-KIR4.1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir4.1
Anti potasium channel KIR4.1
The antibody to KIR4.1, a heterodimer with another potassium channel protein and may be responsible for the potassium buffering action of glial cells in the brain.
Anti-KIR4.1
MSOntology:Anti-MBP
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02999.x
Anti-myelin basic protein autoantibodies
The antibody to the myelin basic protein, which plays a pathogenic role in multiple sclerosis.
Anti-MBP
MSOntology:Anti-MOG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein
Anti- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
The antibody to MOG, a glycoprotein believed to be important in the process of myelinization of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS).
Anti-MOG
MSOntology:Anti-NF
Anti-NF
MSOntology:Anti-NG2
doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.04.006
The antibody to NG2,which appeared to be higher in the brains of MS patients and whose deposits were rather extensive in some of the NAWM and NAGM areas.
Anti-NG2
MSOntology:Anti-NogoA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulon_4
The antibody to the NogoA, the isoform of Reticulon4 that has been identified as an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth specific to the central nervous system.
Anti-NogoA
MSOntology:Anti-OSP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN11
Anti-oligodendrocyte-specific protein
The antibody to OSP, the protein that is a candidate autoantigen in the development of autoimmune demyelinating disease.
Anti-OSP
MSOntology:Anti-PACSIN2
Scientific Reference: Eur J Biochem. 1998 Aug 15;256(1):201-11.
The antibody to PSCIN2, a brain protein that is upregulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells.
Anti-PACSIN2
MSOntology:Anti-PLP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridoxal_phosphate
Anti-, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate
Anti-P5P
The antibody to PLP, which plays a role in the conversion of dopa into dopamine, allows the conversion of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and allows SAM to be decarboxylated to form propylamine, which is a precursor to polyamines.
Anti-PLP
MSOntology:Anti-SPAG16
Scientific Reference: J Immunol. 2008 Mar 15;180(6):3957-63.
The antibody to SPAG-16, a PF20 protein homolog which is a potential antigenic target in MS patients.
Anti-SPAG16
MSOntology:Anti-beta-arrestin
OMIM :107940
The antibody to beta-arrestin, the protein that mediate the activity-dependent interaction of Smoothened and the kinesin motor protein KIF3A.
Anti-beta-arrestin
MSOntology:Anti-enolase
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enolase
The antibody to enolase, whose increased levels have been identified in patients who have suffered a cerebrovascular accident.
Anti-enolase
MSOntology:Anti-glycan
Scientific Reference:
Anti-glycan antibodies as biomarkers
for diagnosis and prognosis
N Dotan*, R T Altstock, M Schwarz and A Dukler
Glycominds Ltd, Lod, Israel
The antibody to glycan, e predominant surface components of cells such as erythrocytes, immune cells and microorganisms.
Anti-glycan
MSOntology:Anti-hnRNPB1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00226-5
Definiton: the antibody to an RNA-binding protein that is required for the maturation of mRNA precursor called hnRNPB1.
Anti-hnRNPB1
MSOntology:Anti-lingo_antibodies
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29771. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
The antibody to LINGO-1, which is a potent regulator of neural stem cell maturation to neurons .
MSOntology:Anti-phosphatidylcholine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine
The antibody to phosphatidylcholine,which is more commonly found in the exoplasmic or outer leaflet of a cell membrane.
Anti-phosphatidylcholine
MSOntology:Anti-proteasome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteosome#Role_in_the_immune_system
The antibody to proteosome, which plays a straightforward but critical role in the function of the adaptive immune system.
Anti-proteasome
MSOntology:Anti-transaldolase
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaldolase
The antibody to transaldolase, a target of autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Anti-transaldolase
MSOntology:Anti-triosephosphate_isomerase
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosephosphate_isomerase
The antibody to triosephosphate isomerase, whose deficiencies are associated with a progressive, severe neurological disorder called triose phosphate isomerase deficiency.
Anti-triosephosphate_isomerase
MSOntology:Anti-tubulin
MESH : D014404
The antibody to tubulin,a subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain.
Anti-tubulin
MSOntology:Anti_DNA_antibodies
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIBODIES ANTIDNA
ANTIDNA ANTIBODIES
Anti DNA Antibodies
Anti DNA antibody
anti dsDNA
MSOntology:Anti_La_antibody
SS-B antigen
SSB antibody
SSB/La
anti SS-B antibody
anti Sjogren antigen B
anti nuclear reactivities
anti-La antibody
anti-Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) antibody
anti-SS-B/La antibody
anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibody
anti-SSB/La antibody
lupus anticoagulant
MSOntology:Anti_Ro_antibody
Anti-Ro
Anti-Ro(SSA)
Anti-SS-A/Ro
Anti-SSA autoantibodies
Anti-SSA/Ro
SS-A antigen
SSA/Ro
anti Ro/SSA autoantibodies
anti SS-B
anti Sjogren antigen A
anti-60 kDa Ro
anti-Ro
anti-Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) antibody
anti-SSA/Ro
anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibody
MSOntology:Anti_cardiolipin_antibody
aCL
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ACA - Cardiolipin antibody
ACLA - Anti-cardiolipin antibody
Anti-cardiolipin antibody
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin
Antibody, Anticardiolipin
Anticardiolipin Antibodies
Anticardiolipin Antibody
C0162596
Cardiolipin antibody
MSOntology:Anti_nuclear_antibodies
ANA
ANF
anti nuclear
anti nuclear Ab
anti nuclear antibody
anti nuclear levels
anti-nuclear factor
MSOntology:Antibodies
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Ab
Antibodies
C0003241
antibody
immunoglobulin complex location, circulating
immunoglobulin complex, circulating
A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
Antibody molecule
MSOntology:Antibodies_
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances in the body.
Antibody analysis
MSOntology:Antibody_mediated_demyelination
Scientific Reference: Clin. exp. Immunol. (1991) 83, 245-250
The loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves initiated by anti-myelin antibody.
Antibody mediated demyelination
MSOntology:Antibody_production
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0003261
The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.
Antibody production
MSOntology:Anticholinergics
MESH :D018680
Acetylcholine Antagonists
Agents, Anticholinergic
Agents, Cholinergic-Blocking
Agents, Parasympathetic-Blocking
Agents, Parasympatholytic
Antagonist, Cholinergic
Antagonists, Acetylcholine
Antagonists, Cholinergic
Anti Cholinergics
Anti Cholinergics
Anti-Cholinergics
Anti-Cholinergics
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergic Agent
Anticholinergic Agents
Anticholinergic Agents
Anticholinergic premedications
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics
C0242896
Cholinergic Antagonist
Cholinergic Antagonists
Cholinergic Blocking Agents
Cholinergic-Blocking Agents
Cholinolytics
Drugs, Parasympatholytic
PARASYMPATHETIC BLOCK AGENTS
Parasympathetic-Blocking Agents
Parasympatholytic
Parasympatholytic Agents
Parasympatholytic Drugs
Parasympatholytic agent
Parasympatholytic drug
Parasympatholytics
Parkinsonism-anticholinergics
Drugs that bind to but do not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Antidepressant_drugs
Agents, Antidepressive
Antidepressant Drugs
Antidepressants
Antidepressive Agents
Drugs, Antidepressant
Thymoanaleptics
Thymoleptics
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000928 )
MSOntology:Antigen
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antigen
Antigens
C0003320
Immunogen
Any substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response.
Antigen model
MSOntology:Antigen_Presenting_Cell
ACCESSORY CELL IMMUNOL
ACCESSORY CELLS IMMUNOL
APC
Accessory Cell
Accessory Cell, Immunologic
Accessory Cells, Immunologic
Antigen Presenting Cell
Antigen Presenting Cells
Antigen Processing Cell
Antigen-Presenting Cell
Antigen-Presenting Cells
C0003315
CELL IMMUNOL ACCESSORY
CELLS IMMUNOL ACCESSORY
Cell, Antigen-Presenting
Cell, Immunologic Accessory
Cells, Antigen-Presenting
Cells, Immunologic Accessory
IMMUNOL ACCESSORY CELL
IMMUNOL ACCESSORY CELLS
Immunologic Accessory Cell
Immunologic Accessory Cells
A cell that displays foreign antigen complexes with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on their surfaces.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_presenting_cell )
Antigen_Presenting_Cell
MSOntology:Antigens
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antigen
Antigens
C0003320
Immunogen
Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68000941 )
Antigen molecule
MSOntology:Antiphospholipid_antibody
APA
APLA
APLAs
aPLs
anti phospholipids auto antibodies
MSOntology:Anx1-5
LPC1
ANX1
Uniprot ID :P04083
Annexin A1
Annexin I
Annexin-1
Calpactin II
Calpactin-2
Chromobindin-9
Lipocortin I
Phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein
p35
Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein which promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. This protein regulates phospholipase A2 activity. It seems to bind from two to four calcium ions with high affinity.
Anx1
MSOntology:Aphasia
MDC000181
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Aphasia
Aphasic disturbance
C0003537
Loss of power of expression or comprehension
A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.
Aphasia
MSOntology:Api1
Uniprot ID :Q13490
BIRC2
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2
C-IAP1
IAP homolog B
IAP-2
IAP2
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2
MIHB
RING finger protein 48
RNF48
TNFR2-TRAF-signaling complex protein 2
hIAP-2
hIAP2
Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling, and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis.
Api1
MSOntology:Apoa_b
Apoa_b
MSOntology:Apoa_d
Apoa_d
MSOntology:Apoa_i
Uniprot ID :P02647
APOA1
Apo-AI
ApoA-I
Apolipoprotein A-I
Apolipoprotein A-I(1-242)
Apolipoprotein A1
The protein that participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).
Apoa_i
MSOntology:Apoa_iv
MESH :C022205
Uniprot ID:P06727
Apo-AIV
ApoA-IV
Apolipoprotein A-IV
Apolipoprotein A4
The protein that may have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons.
Apoa_iv
MSOntology:Apoptosis_autoimmunal_cells
(Scientific Reference: Internal Medicine
Vol. 40 (2001) No. 4 P 275-284 )
The autoantibodies developed due to the modifications of autoantigens during apoptosis by bypassing the normal mechanisms of tolerance.
Apoptosis autoimmunal cells
MSOntology:Arrestin
MESH :D019393
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Arrestin
S Antigen, Retinal
S-ANTIGEN RETINAL'NYI
S-Antigen, Retinal
A 48-Kd protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction cascade. Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. Arrestin causes experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into laboratory animals.
Arrestin
MSOntology:Asian
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Asian
Asian race
Asians
Asiatic Race
Asiatic Races
C0078988
Mongol
Mongoloid
Mongoloid Race
Mongoloid Races
Mongoloid population
Race, Asiatic
Race, Mongoloid
Races, Asiatic
Races, Mongoloid
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Asian
MSOntology:Assesment_of_anxiety_or_depression
HADS
Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
HAD scale
HAD scoring
Hospital assessment of anxiety or depression
Was developed by AS Zigmond and RP Snaith in 1983 for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of a hospital medical outpatient clinic.
It has been established as a much applied and convenient self-rating instrument for anxiety and depression in patients with both somatic and mental problems, and with equally good sensitivity and specificity as other commonly used self-rating screening instruments.
It is an instrument with good psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, sub-scale intercorrelation, homogeneity and internal consistency
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6880820)
Assesment of anxiety or depression
MSOntology:Asthenia
MESH : D001247
MeSH: MDC000225
Astenia
Asthenias
C0004093
Feeling weak
General weakness
Generalized weakness
Weakness
Weakness - general
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.
(MeSH definition )
Asthenia
MSOntology:Astrocyte
MESH : D001253
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Astrocytes
Astroglia
Astroglias
C0004112
Large, star-shaped, maintenance cells within the central nervous system. Astrocytes provide nerve cells with nutrients and structural support and are also involved in laying down the scar tissue typical of multiple sclerosis lesions.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/astrocyte.html )
_Astrocyte
MSOntology:Astrocyte_microglia_homeostasis
doi:10.1186/2047-9158-1-9
The homeostasis between astrocyte and microglia in which astrocytes play neuroprotective roles by modulating microglial cell activity and decreasing their cytotoxicity.
Astrocyte microglia homeostasis
MSOntology:Ataxia
MeSH:MDC000231
Appendicular Ataxia
Appendicular Ataxias
Ataxia, Appendicular
Ataxia, Limb
Ataxia, Sensory
Ataxias
Ataxias, Appendicular
Ataxias, Limb
Ataxias, Sensory
Ataxy
C0004134
Coordination Impairment
Coordination Impairment
Coordination Impairments
Coordination Impairments
Coordination Lack
Dyssynergia
Impairment, Coordination
Impairment, Coordination
Impairments, Coordination
Impairments, Coordination
Incoordination
Incoordinations
Limb Ataxia
Limb Ataxias
Sensory Ataxia
Sensory Ataxias
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements.
(MeSH definition)
Ataxia
MSOntology:Attack
Acute or subacute occurrence, recurrence or worsening of symptoms of neurologic dysfunction attributable to Multiple Sclerosis, lasting more than 24 hours after a period of at least 30 days of improvement or stability (Scientific citation: PMID 14313512)
--- McDonald 2001 definition of Attack ---
Subjective report or objective observation of an episode of neurological disturbance of the kind seen in MS, when clinicopathological studies have established that the causative lesions are inflammatory and demyelinating in nature. For general diagnostic purposes, an attack should last for at least 24 hours. An expert clinical assessment is required in order to make sure that the event is not a pseudoattack. (Scientific: McDonald et al, Ann Neurol 2001;50:121–127)
Attack
MSOntology:Autoaggressive_immune_response
Behavioral Neurology of Movement Disorders, 2e
By Karen E. Anderson (M. D.), Karen E. Anderson, William J Weiner, M.D., Anthony E. Lang, M.D.
If a self-antigen or a foreign body that mimics the self-antigen, it triggers autoreactive mechanisms. This kind of immune response is called autoaggressive immune response.
Autoaggressive immune response
MSOntology:Autoimmune_encephalomyelitis
MESH: D004681
EAE
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Model
Primate model of MS
Primate model of multiple Sclerosis
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease.
(MeSH definition)
Autoimmune encephalomyelitis model
MSOntology:Autoimmune_response
MESH: D015551
Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune response
MSOntology:Autonomic_Nervous_System
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANS
C0004388
Nervous System, Autonomic
System, Autonomic Nervous
involuntary nervous system
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart beats, breathing and digestion.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/autonomicnervoussystem.html )
Autonomic_Nervous_System
MSOntology:Autoreactive_T_cell_attack_on_myelin
Scientific Reference: doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-85
Perivascular macrophages, infiltrated macrophages and microglia are ideally positioned to influence infiltrating and infiltrated myelin-reactive lymphocytes.CNS reactivation of autoreactive lymphocytes by local antigen presenting cells displaying myelin antigens is thought to initiate and maintain the inflammatory cascade observed in the brain of MS patients.
(Scientific Reference: doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-85 )
Autoreactive T cell attack on myelin
MSOntology:Axial_T2_weighted_fast_spin_echo_imaging
Axial T2 weighted fast spin echo imaging biomarker
MSOntology:Axial_multiple-echo_recombined_gradient_echo
Axial multiple-echo recombined gradient echo biomarker
MSOntology:Axon
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Axon structure
Axons
C0004461
a long filament that extends from the cell body (the soma) in nerve cells (neurons).
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/axon.html )
Axon
MSOntology:Axon_degeneration
http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/pathol/axloss.htm#reduced
Axonal loss
The loss of myelinated axons.
Axon degeneration
MSOntology:Axonal_and_Neuronal_damage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration
The loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
Axonal and Neuronal damage
MSOntology:Axonal_damage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration
The loss of structure or function of the axon of neurons.
Axonal damage
MSOntology:Axonal_energy_failure
Scientific Reference: doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2930
The disruption of energy dependent processes in the axonal region of the neuron.
(Scientific Reference: doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2930 )
Axonal energy failure
MSOntology:Azathioprine
Drug : DBA000985
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
AZA
AZT - Azathioprine
AZTP
Azathioprine
Azathioprine - chemical
Azothioprine
C0004482
An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
MSOntology:Azgp1
MESH :C488891
Uniprot ID:A0JLQ0
AZGP1 protein
This protein belongs to the MHC class I family and plas a role in antigen processing and presentation.
Azgp1
MSOntology:BANK
HS049951
MESH : C447641
BANK1 protein
regulates B-cell antigen receptor (BCR)-induced calcium mobilization by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation of IP3 receptor.
(MeSH definition)
BANK
MSOntology:BAX
Gene :HS081915
Uniprot ID:Q07812
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Apoptosis Regulator BAX
BAX Isoform Alpha
BCL2L4
Bcl-2-like protein 4
Bcl2-L-4
X Protein, bcl-2-Associated
bcl 2 Associated X Protein
bcl-2-Associated X Protein
bcl2 Associated X Protein
protein Bax
The gene encodes the protein that accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein.
BAX
MSOntology:BCL2
Gene :HS051615
Uniprot ID: P10415
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2
B-CELL CLL/LYMPHOMA 2
ONCOGENE B-CELL LEUKEMIA 2
A protein that helps control whether a cell lives or dies by blocking a type of cell death called apoptosis. The gene for BCL2 is found on chromosome 18, and transfer of the BCL2 gene to a different chromosome is seen in many B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. This causes the BCL2 protein to be made in larger amounts, which may keep cancer cells from dying.
The gene that encodes proteins that suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability.
BCL2
MSOntology:B_Cell
B lymphocyte
C0004561
MSOntology:B_Reg
MESH : D060151
B-cells that have a role in regulating the immune response including the production of cytokines. This function is in addition to their traditional role in making antibodies.
(MeSH definition)
B_Reg
MSOntology:B_cell
B lymphocyte
B-Cell
Bursa Dependent Lymphocytes
Lymphocyte B
B-cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, making them a vital part of the immune system -- specifically the humoral immunity branch of the adaptive immune system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell )
B cell
MSOntology:Babinski_Sign
MeSH:MDC000248
Babinski like response
Babinski reflex
Joseph Babinski (1857-1932), a French neurologist of Polish descent, was the first person to describe extension of the big toe following stimulation of the sole of the foot on 22 February 1896 (Babinski, 1896). He referred to the sign as 'phénomène des orteils' (toes phenomenon) but it is now usually referred to eponymously as the 'Babinski sign' or descriptively as the extensor plantar response.
(Source: Br J Hosp Med (2011):M157-159)
MSOntology:Baclofen
Drug :DBA000175
MESH :D001418
ASTA Medica Brand of Baclofen
AWD, Baclofen
Alphapharm Brand of Baclofen
Apo Baclofen
Apo-Baclofen
ApoBaclofen
Apotex Brand of Baclofen
Ashbourne Brand of Baclofen
Athena Brand of Baclofen
Atrofen
Ba-34,647
Ba-34647
Ba34,647
Ba34647
Baclofen
Baclofen AWD
Baclofen Alphapharm Brand
Baclofen Apotex Brand
Baclofen Ashbourne Brand
Baclofen Athena Brand
Baclofen Ciba-Geigy Brand
Baclofen Irex Brand
Baclofen Isis Brand
Baclofen Medtronic Brand
Baclofen Novartis Brand
Baclofen Nu-Pharm Brand
Baclofen Pharmascience Brand
Baclofène Irex
Baclofène-Irex
BaclofèneIrex
Baclophen
Baclophen
Baclospas
C0004609
CIBA-34,647-BA
CIBA34,647BA
Chlorophenyl GABA
Chlorophenyl GABA
Chlorphenyl-GABA
Ciba Geigy Brand of Baclofen
Ciba-Geigy Brand of Baclofen
Clofen
Clorofenil GABA
GABA, Chlorophenyl
GABA, Chlorophenyl
Gablofen
Gen Baclofen
Gen-Baclofen
GenBaclofen
Genpharm
Irex Brand of Baclofen
Isis Brand of Baclofen
Lebic
Lioresal
Lioresal
Liorésal
Medtronic Brand of Baclofen
Novartis Brand of Baclofen
Nu Baclo
Nu Pharm Brand of Baclofen
Nu-Baclo
Nu-Pharm Brand of Baclofen
NuBaclo
PCP-GABA
PCP-GABA
PMS Baclofen
PMS-Baclofen
PMSBaclofen
Pharmascience Brand of Baclofen
beta-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic Acid
beta-(p-Chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric Acid
A gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B receptors.. It is used in the treatment of muscle spasticity, especially that due to spinal cord injuries. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Bain_tremor_rating_scores
A clinical rating scale which measured the severity of tremor.
(Scientific Reference : doi:10.1136/jnnp.56.8.868 )
Bain tremor rating scores
MSOntology:Balo_disease
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Balosconcentricsclerosis.html
BCS
Balo's concentric sclerosis
Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica
A dymyelinating condition in which lesion's in BCS form concentric rings of alternating dymyelinated and undemyelinated tissue.
Balo disease
MSOntology:Basis_Pedunculi
MESH : D013681
Cerebral Peduncle
Cerebral Peduncles
Mesencephali, Tegmentum
Mesencephalus, Tegmentum
Peduncle, Cerebral
Peduncles, Cerebral
Tegmentum Mesencephali
Tegmentum Mesencephalus
The portion of midbrain situated under the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI.
(MeSH definition )
Basis_Pedunculi
MSOntology:Bdnf
Gene: HS051865
MESH :D019208
Uniprot ID:P23560
Abrineurin
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
These proteins participate in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS.
Bdnf
MSOntology:Beck_depression_scale
http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Beck-Depression-Inventory.html#b
Beck's depression inventory
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a series of questions developed to measure the intensity, severity, and depth of depression in patients with psychiatric diagnoses.
Beck depression scale
MSOntology:Benign_MS
http://thjuland.tripod.com/multiple-sclerosis.html#Benign
Benign Multiple Sclerosis tends to follow, non-visible Sensory Symptoms (ie. Dysesthesia, Optic Neuritis, Paresthesias, Paroxysmal) at onset; not Motor Symptoms (ie. Diplopia, InCoordination, Tremor), with a totally complete recovery and no disability
Benign MS
MSOntology:Benzodiazepine
MESH :D001569
BENZODIAZEPINE CPDS
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine Compounds
Benzodiazepine Compounds
Benzodiazepine antiepileptic
Benzodiazepines
C0005064
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Benzodiazepines
MESH :D001569
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BENZODIAZEPINE CPDS
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine Compounds
Benzodiazepine antiepileptic
Benzodiazepines
C0005064
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
MSOntology:Beta-end
Beta-end
MSOntology:Beta_1
Beta_1
MSOntology:Beta_Arrestin
MESH : HS047826
MESH : HS047836
An inhibitory protein which blocks the receptor's ability to activate the stimulatory G protein Gs.
(Source: http://www.ndif.org/public/terms/3424-betaarrestin )
Beta_Arrestin
MSOntology:Beta_adrbk1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_adrenergic_receptor_kinase
βARK
A serine/threonine intracellular kinase. It is activated by PKA and its target is thebeta adrenergic receptor. It is one method by which the cell will desensitize itself from epinephrine overstimulation.
Beta_adrbk1
MSOntology:Betamethasone
MESH :D001623
Betadexamethason
Betadexamethasone
Betadexamethasone
Betametason
Betametasone
Betamethasone
C0005308
Celeston
Celestona
Celestone
Celestone
Cellestoderm
Flubenisolon
Flubenisolone
Flubenisolone
betamethason
A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
MSOntology:Biochemical_tests
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Biochemical+testing
Measuring the amount or activity of a particular enzyme or protein in a sample of blood or urine or other tissue from the body.
Biochemical tests
MSOntology:Biomarkers_in_MS_disease
Biological marker
Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis biomarkers
An indicator of a biological state. It is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker )
MSOntology:Blood_Brain_Barrier
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BBB
Barrier, Brain-Blood
Barrier, Hemato-Encephalic
Brain-Blood Barriers
C0005854
HEMATOENCEPHALIC BARRIER
Hemato Encephalic Barrier
The protective layer that isolates the central nervous system from the bloodstream but allows the exchange of substances necessary for it to function.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/bloodbrainbarrier.html )
Blood_Brain_Barrier
MSOntology:Blood_analysis
blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a needle, or via fingerprick.
(Wikipedia)
Blood analysis
MSOntology:Blood_brain_barrier
MESH: D001812
Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined endothelial cells with tight junctions that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the brain tissue.
(MeSH definition)
Blood brain barrier
MSOntology:Bone_marrow_trnasplantation
MESH : D016026
Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation
Bone Marrow Grafting
Grafting, Bone Marrow
Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation
Transplantation, Bone Marrow
Transplantation, Bone Marrow Cell
The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.
(Source: MeSH definition )
Bone marrow trnasplantation
MSOntology:Boolean_model
http://www.phys.psu.edu/~ralbert/pdf/springer_final.pdf
The models in which the interactions
between gene and gene products are described as logical (Boolean) functions.
Boolean model
MSOntology:Botulinum_Toxin
Drug :DBA000042
Drug :DBA000081
MESH :D001905
BTX - Botulinum toxin
Botulin
Botulin toxin
Botuline
Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum Toxins
Botulinus-Toxine
Botulism toxin
C0006055
Clostridium botulinum Toxins
Clostridium botulinum toxin
Clostridium botulinum toxin agent
Toxin, Botulinum
Toxins, Botulinum
Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Bowel
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0021853
Intestinal structure
Intestinal tract
Intestine
Intestines
intestinal
The portion of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the anus. It includes the small intestine and large intestine. (NCI)
Bowel symptom
MSOntology:Bowel_and_Bladder
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bladder
The intestine and urinary bladder.
Bowel_and_Bladder
MSOntology:Brachium_Pontis
middle cerebellar peduncles
Middle cerebellar peduncle
The paired structures (left and right) that connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachium_pontis )
Brachium_Pontis
MSOntology:Brain
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Brain structure
C0006104
Encephalon
Encephalons
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68001921 )
Brain
MSOntology:Brain_endothelial_cell_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The process by which brain endothelial cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Brain endothelial cell culture
MSOntology:Brain_region
MSOntology:Brainstem
Brain Stem
Brainstem structure
Brainstems
The posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_stem )
Brainstem
MSOntology:Brainstem_Auditory_Evoked_Response
BAEP
Auditory evoked potential
BAER
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential
A test to measure the brain wave activity that occurs in response to clicks or certain tones.(Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003926.htm )
Brainstem_Auditory_Evoked_Response
MSOntology:Brainstem_syndrome
www.mstrust.org.uk reg charity no. 1088353
The clinically recognisable symptoms like nausea, vomiting and double vision that occur when there is demyelination of nerves found in the brainstem.
Brainstem syndrome
MSOntology:Brca1
Gene :HS052746
MESH :D019313
BRCA1 protein
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
A human caretaker gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, responsible for repairing DNA.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brca1 )
Brca1
MSOntology:Brief_repetitive_battery-neuropschology
BRB-N
A sensitive measure of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
(Source: http://msj.sagepub.com/content/7/4/263.refs )
Brief repetitive battery-neuropschology
MSOntology:Burning
http://www.healthline.com/hlc/burning-sensation
Burning Feeling
Burning sensation
An abnormal feeling of burning in the absence of heat.
Burning
MSOntology:Bystandard_activation
(Scientific Reference: PMC2196250)
The activation of T cells specific for an antigen X during an immune response against antigen Y .
Bystander activation
MSOntology:C11
Gene :HS046102
Uniprot ID: P10144
CGL1 gene
GZMB gene
CSPB gene
CTLA-1
CTLA1 gene
CTSGL1
Cathepsin G-like 1
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 2
EC 3.4.21.79
Fragmentin-2
GRB gene
Granzyme B
Granzyme-2
HLP
Human lymphocyte protein
Lymphocyte protease
SECT
T-cell serine protease 1-3E
The gene encodes an enzyme that is necessary for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses.
C11
MSOntology:C3
MESH : D003176
C0009506
C3 - Complement component 3
C3 Complement
C3, Complement
COMPLEMENT C 03
Complement -third component-C3
Complement 3
Complement C3
Complement component C3
Complement component C3
Complement, C3
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process.
(MeSH definition )
C3
MSOntology:C3d
MESH :D015933
A 302-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by complement factor I into C3c, and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence complement factor H.
C3d
MSOntology:C4
MESH :D003181
C0009516
C4 - Complement component 4
C4 Complement
C4 Complement Component
C4, Complement
COMPLEMENT C 04
Complement 4
Complement C4
Complement Component, C4
Complement Component-4
Complement component 4
Complement component 4
Complement component 4 (procedure)
Complement component C4
Complement component C4
Complement component C4 [Ambiguous]
Complement, C4
Complement-fourth component-C4
A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL complement pathway. C4 is cleaved by the activated complement C1S into complement C4A and complement C4B.
C4
MSOntology:C7
MESH :D003184
C0009524
C7 - Complement component 7
C7 Complement
C7, Complement
COMPLEMENT C 07
Complement 7
Complement C7
Complement component 7
Complement component C7
Complement component C7
Complement, C7
A 93-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by C7 gene. It is a polypeptide chain with 28 disulfide bridges. In the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; C7 is the next component to bind the C5b-6 complex forming a trimolecular complex C5b-7 which is lipophilic, resembles an integral membrane protein, and serves as an anchor for the late complement components, C8 and C9.
C7
MSOntology:C9
MESH :D003186
C0009526
COMPLEMENT C 09
Complement 9
Complement C9
Complement component 9
Complement, C9
A 63-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by gene C9. Monomeric C9 (mC9) binds the C5b-8 complex to form C5b-9 which catalyzes the polymerization of C9 forming C5b-p9 (MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) and transmembrane channels leading to lysis of the target cell. Patients with C9 deficiency suffer from recurrent bacterial infections.
(MeSH definition )
C9
MSOntology:CARD15
HS038894
MESH : C429018
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1826449
NOD2 gene
Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 Gene
This gene is involved in immune responses and cell death.
CARD15
MSOntology:CASP1
Gene :HS039199
Uniprot ID:P29466
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
IL1BC gene
Caspase, CASP1
Caspase-1
Caspase-1
EC 3.4.22.36
ICE
ICE-Protease
IL 001 BETA CONVERTING ENZYME
IL-1BC
IL1BCE gene
Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme
Interleukin-1beta converting enzyme
Protease ICE
beta Convertase, IL-1
beta-Converting Enzyme, IL-1
p45
proteasa ICE
The gene that encodes thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis.
CASP1
MSOntology:CASP10
Gene :HS054961
HS054961
MESH : C506438
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0758959
Caspase 10
Caspase 10 a
Caspase 10 c
Caspase 10 d
Caspase 10-a
Caspase 10-c
Caspase 10-d
Caspase 10a
Caspase 10c
Caspase 10d
Caspase-10
Mch4 Protease
Protease, Mch4
A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68053455 )
CASP10
MSOntology:CASP2
Gene :HS054630
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0259419
Caspase-2
ICH 1 Protease
ICH-1 Protease
ICH-1-Protease
proteasa ICH-1
A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its caspase recruitment domain with CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. Caspase 2 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating effector pro-caspases. Several isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.
CASP2
MSOntology:CASP3
HS054652
MESH : D053148
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1413132
CASP3 gene
Caspase 3, Apoptosis-Related Cysteine Peptidase Gene
This gene plays a role in the execution phase of apoptosis and is involved in DNA repair.
CASP3
MSOntology:CASP6
Gene :HS054760
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1332665
Caspase-6, encoded by the CASP6 Gene, is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce 2 subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. Caspase-6 can be processed by caspases 7, 8 and 10, and functions as a downstream enzyme in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. It cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in vitro, as well as lamins. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode different isoforms. Its overexpression promotes programmed cell death. (From LocusLink, Swiss-Prot and NCI)
CASP6
MSOntology:CASP7
HS054795
MESH : C505520
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1332666
CASP7 gene
Caspase 7
Caspase 7, Apoptosis-Related Cysteine Protease Gene
A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68053179 )
CASP7
MSOntology:CASP8
Gene :HS054835
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0667830
CAP4 Protease
CAP4-Protease
CASP 8
proteasa Mch5
A member of the ICE cysteine-protease family. A downstream factor in apoptosis induced by TNFR and FAS
CASP8
MSOntology:CAST
HS054578
CAST gene
The protein encoded by this gene is an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calpastatin
)
CAST
MSOntology:CCDC97
Uniprot ID:Q96F63
The gene that encodes Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 97.
CCDC97
MSOntology:CD127
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0083032
CD127
IL 007 RECEPTORS
IL 7 Receptors
IL-7 Receptors
IL7 RECEPT
IL7 Receptor
IL7 Receptors
IL7R
IL7R-ALPHA
IL7RA
INTERLEUKIN 007 RECEPTORS
INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPT
INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR
INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR-ALPHA
Interleukin 7 Receptor Alpha
Interleukin 7 Receptors
Interleukin-7 Receptors
Interleukin-7 receptor
Interleukin-7 receptor
Interleukin-7-receptorer
Lymphopoietin 1
Lymphopoietin-1
RECEPT IL 7
RECEPT IL7
RECEPTORS IL 007
RECEPTORS INTERLEUKIN 007
Receptor, IL-7
Receptor, Interleukin 7
Receptors, IL 7
Receptors, IL-7
Receptors, IL7
Receptors, Interleukin 7
Receptors, Interleukin-7
A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-lymphocyte precursors and is co-mitogenic with interleukin-2 for mature T-lymphocyte activation.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68015851 )
CD127
MSOntology:CD16
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 016
Antigens, CD 16
Antigens, CD16
C0108747
CD 016 ANTIGENS
CD 16 Antigens
CD16
CD16 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 16
CD16 Antigens
Cluster of differentiation antigen 16
FCGR3
FCGR3A
Fc FRAGMENT OF IgG, LOW AFFINITY IIIa, RECEPTOR FOR
Fc gamma RIII
Fc receptor III
Fc-Gamma Receptor III
FcR III - Fc receptor III
IGFR3
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G Fc RECEPTOR III
Leucocyte 11
Leukocyte 11
Low affinity IgG Fc receptor
Lymphocyte antigen CD16
Lymphocyte antigen CD16
NEUTROPHIL-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN NA1
Receptors, IgG
gamma RIII, Fc
Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with immunoglobin Gs.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68017452 )
CD16
MSOntology:CD163
Cluster of Differentiation 163
A human protein encoded by the CD163 gene.It has also been shown to mark cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD163 )
CD163
MSOntology:CD1d
Cluster of Differentiation 1d
A member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1d )
CD1d
MSOntology:CD226
HS039965
The gene encodes the receptor involved in intercellular adhesion, lymphocyte signaling, cytotoxicity and lymphokine secretion mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and NK cell.
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q15762 )
CD226
MSOntology:CD25
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 025
Antigen, CD25
Antigens, CD25
C1101536
CD 025 ANTIGENS
CD25
CD25 Antigen
CD25 Antigens
CD25-Antigen
IL 2Ralpha
IL-2 Receptor
IL-2-R alpha
IL-2R
IL-2Ralfa
IL-2Ralpha
IL2 RECEPTOR
IL2R
IL2R, ALPHA CHAIN
IL2RA
INTERLEUKIN 002 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT
INTERLEUKIN 002 RECEPTORS ALPHA
INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR, ALPHA
Interleukin 2 Receptor
Interleukin 2 Receptor alpha
Interleukin 2 Receptor alpha Chain
Interleukin 2 Receptor alpha Subunit
Interleukin 2 Receptors alpha
Interleukin 2Ralpha
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Chain
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
Interleukin-2 Receptors alpha
Interleukin-2Ralpha
Low Affinity Interleukin 2 Receptor
Peptide Tac
Peptide p55
Peptido Tac P55
Receptor alpha, Interleukin-2
Receptors alpha, Interleukin-2
T-CELL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR
TAC ANTIGEN
TAC P55 PEPTID
TAC PEPTIDE P 055
TCGFR
Tac P55 Peptide
Tac-P55, Peptide
alpha-subunit, Receptor, Interleukin-2
antigen CD25
interleukin-2 - receptor alfa
peptid Tac P55
The alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD25 )
CD25
MSOntology:CD26
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ADABP
ADCP-2
ADCP2
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE COMPLEXING PROTEIN 2
ANTIGENS CD 026
Adenosine deaminase binding protein
Antigen, CD26
Antigens, CD26
C0081937
CD 026 ANTIGENS
CD26 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 26
CD26 Antigen
CD26 Antigens
Cluster of differentiation antigen 26
Cluster of differentiation antigen 26
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE, INTESTINAL
DPP IV
DPP-IV - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
DPP4
Dipeptidil Peptidase 4
Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase IV
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV
Lymphocyte antigen CD26
Lymphocyte antigen CD26
T-CELL ACTIVATION ANTIGEN CD26
TP103
Xaa-Pro-dipeptidylaminopeptidase
dipeptidylpeptidasa 4
xaa - pro - dipeptidilaminopeptidasa
An antigenic enzyme expressed on the surface of most cell types and is associated with immune regulation, signal transduction and apoptosis. It is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein and a serine exopeptidase that cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4 )
CD26
MSOntology:CD266
Cluster of Differentiation 266
TNFRSF12A
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A
A protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF12A gene.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNFRSF12A )
CD266
MSOntology:CD279
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antigen CD279
Antigen, CD279
Antigens, CD279
C2986635
CD279
CD279 Antigen
CD279 Antigens
PD 1 Receptor
PD-1 Receptor
PD1 Receptor
Programmed Cell Death 1 Protein
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
Protein PD-1
Receptor, PD-1
Receptor, PD1
hPD-1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (288 aa, ~32 kDa) is encoded by the human PDCD1 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of apoptosis.
CD279
MSOntology:CD30
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
TNFRSF8
ANTIGEN CD 030
ANTIGENS CD 030
Antigen CD30
Antigen, CD30
Antigens, CD30
C0054950
CD 030 ANTIGENS
CD30 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 30
CD30 Antigen
CD30 Antigens
CD30L Receptor
Cluster of differentiation antigen 30
LYMPHOID ACTIVATION ANTIGEN CD30
Lymphocyte Activation Antigen CD30
Lymphocyte antigen CD30
Lymphocyte antigen CD30
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8
A cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and tumor marker.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30 )
CD30
MSOntology:CD4
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 004
Antigen, CD4
Antigens, T-Cell T4
C0003323
CD 004 ANTIGENE
CD 004 MOLECULE
CD 004 RECEPTORS
CD4 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 4
CD4 ANTIGEN
CD4 Molecule
CD4 Protein
CD4 RECEPT
CD4 Receptor, Surface
CD4 Receptors
CD4 Receptors, Surface
Cluster of differentiation antigen 4
Lymphocyte antigen CD4
Lymphocyte antigen CD4
RECEPT CD4
RECEPT SURFACE CD4
RECEPTORS CD 004
A glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4 )
CD4
MSOntology:CD40
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 040
Antigen, CD40
Antigen, CDw40
Antigens, CD40
B CELL-ASSOCIATED MOLECULE CD40
C1539081
CD 040 ANTIGENS
CD40 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 40
CD40 ANTIGEN
CD40 Antigen (TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 5) Gene
CD40 Antigens
CD40 Type II Isoform
CD40L Receptor
CDw40 Antigen
Cluster of differentiation antigen 40
Glycoprotein 50
Lymphocyte antigen CD40
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor-Related B-Lymphocyte Activation Molecule
Receptor, TNFRSF5
TNFRSF5
TNFRSF5 RECEPT
TNFRSF5 Receptor
gp50 - Glycoprotein 50
A costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells and is required for their activation.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD40 )
CD40
MSOntology:CD45
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PTPRC
ANTIGENS CD 045
Antigen, CD45
Antigen, Leukocyte Common
Antigens, CD45
Antigens, L-CA
Antigens, Leukocyte Common
Antigens, T200
C0054961
CD 045 ANTIGENS
CD45 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 45
CD45 Antigen
CD45R
Cluster of differentiation antigen 45
L CA Antigens
LCA
LCA - Leucocyte common antigen
LCA - Leukocyte common antigen
LEUKOCYTE-COMMON ANTIGEN
Leucocyte common antigen
Ly5, HOMOLOG OF
Lymphocyte antigen CD45
PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, RECEPTOR-TYPE, C
PTPRC
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Receptor Type, C
RT7 ANTIGENY
Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase C
T-cell lineage 200
T200 - T-cell lineage 200
T200 Antigens
T200 GLYCOPROTEIN
The signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD45 )
CD45
MSOntology:CD6
HS056225
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1413232
CD6
CD6 Gene
CD6 Molecule Gene
This gene plays a role in cell-cell adhesion.
CD6
MSOntology:CD68
HS056706
MESH : C067980
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1413234
CD68 Gene
CD68 Molecule Gene
This gene may be involved in macrophage homing, selectin recognition and pathogen uptake.
CD68
MSOntology:CD8
MESH : D016827
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 008
Antigen, CD8
C0085358
CD 008 ANTIGENS
CD8 Antigens
HLA - Class 1 human leukocyte antigen receptor
Lymphocyte antigen CD8
T-Cell T8 Antigens
T-cell lineage 8
T-suppressor / cytotoxic cell marker
T8 - T-cell lineage 8
MSOntology:CD80
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGEN B7
ANTIGEN CD 080
ANTIGENS CD 080
Antigen, B7 1
Antigen, B7-1
Antigens, CD80
B A 007 001 COSTIMULATORY MOLECULE
B Cell Activation Antigen
B-Cell Activation Antigen
B-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION ANTIGEN B7-1
B7 1 Antigen
B7 1 Costimulatory Molecule
B7 1 Ligand
B7 ANTIGEN
C0104998
CD 080 ANTIGENS
CD28 ANTIGEN LIGAND 1
CD28LG
CD28LG1
CD80 ANTIGEN
CD80 Antigens
Cluster of Differentiation 80
Costimulatory Molecule, B7-1
LAB7
Ligand, B7-1
Lymphocyte antigen CD80
Lymphocyte antigen CD80
The protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD80 )
CD80
MSOntology:CD86
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
B-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION ANTIGEN B7-2
B7-2
B72 ANTIGEN
C1413243
CD28 ANTIGEN LIGAND 2
CD28LG2
CD86 ANTIGEN
LAB7-2
The protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD86 )
CD86
MSOntology:CD8_Reg
Scientific Reference: doi:10.1038/icb.2009.8
The regulatory cells that can limit the delayed type hypersensitivity T-cell responses against antigen.
CD8_Reg
MSOntology:CIT
MESH : C016308
A human gene that encodes the enzyme Citron Rho-interacting kinase.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIT#Biology_and_medicine )
CIT
MSOntology:CLEC16A
HS038110
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC16A
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2KHT3
KIAA0350
C-type lectin domain family 16
Almost exclusively expressed in immune cells, including dendritic cells, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Polymorphisms in the CLEC16A gene are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis
CLEC16A
MSOntology:CLEC5B
Gene :HS047193
Uniprot ID:Q12918
CLEC5B gene
KLRB1 gene
NKRP1A gene
C-type lectin domain family 5 member B
HNKR-P1a
Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1
NKR-P1A
Natural killer cell surface protein P1A
The gene that encodes the protein that plays an inhibitory role on natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxicity. Activation results in specific acid sphingomyelinase/SMPD1 stimulation with subsequent marked elevation of intracellular ceramide.
CLEC5B
MSOntology:CMT1A
HS047027
MESH : C109561
http://omim.org/entry/118220
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 1A
The disease caused by duplication of, or mutation in, the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein-22 .
CMT1A
MSOntology:CMT1F
HS048382
MESH : C044882
http://omim.org/entry/607734?search=CMT1F&highlight=cmt1f
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 1F
The disease aused by mutation in the NEFL gene.
CMT1F
MSOntology:CMT2A
http://omim.org/entry/609260?search=CMT2A&highlight=cmt2a
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Axonal, Type 2A
The disease that results from heterozygous mutation in the MFN2 gene.
CMT2A
MSOntology:CNS-antigen_presentation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Antigen_presentation
The process where the resident activated microglia rapidly uptake MHC class I/II proteins and quickly become efficient antigen presenters.
CNS-antigen presentation
MSOntology:CNS_damage_by_inflammation
(Scientific Reference: doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1358)
Inflammation which is a key component of host defence responses to peripheral inflammation and injury,is also recognised as a major contributor to diverse, acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
CNS damage by inflammation
MSOntology:CNS_perenchyma_infiltration
The penetration of inflammatory cells across the glia limitans and upon entrance into the CNS parenchyma.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glia_limitans#Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis_.28EAE.29 )
CNS perenchyma infiltration
MSOntology:CNS_perivascular_infiltrate
Scientific Reference: ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY – VOLUME X, NO. 2, 2011
The lymphocytic infiltrates disposed in the perivascular tissue of the CNS.
CNS perivascular infiltrate
MSOntology:CNS_plasticity
Neuralplasticity
Neuroplasiticity
The changes in neural pathways and synapses which are due to changes in behavior, environment and neural processes, as well as changes resulting from bodily injury.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_plasticity )
CNS plasticity
MSOntology:CNS_repair
Neuroregeneration
The regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_repair )
CNS repair
MSOntology:COL25
HS055087
MESH : C456021
homologous to collagen type XVIII.
COL25
MSOntology:COL3A1
Gene :HS041202
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COL3A1
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
EDS4A protein
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, autosomal dominant protein
alpha1(III) procollagen protein
collagen type III, alpha 1 chain protein
The gene that encodes a fibrillar collagen that is found in extensible connective tissues such as skin, lung, and the vascular system, frequently in association with type I collagen.
COL3A1
MSOntology:CTLA4
HS042022
MESH : C556706
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1332802
CTLA4 gene
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Gene
This gene is involved in T-cell mediation and receptor signal transduction.
CTLA4
MSOntology:CTSS
HS042150
MESH : C028217
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25774
The gene that encodes Cathepsin S,the key protease responsible for the removal of the invariant chain from MHC class II molecules.
CTSS
MSOntology:CYP2S1
HS045980
MESH : C422564
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q96SQ9
The gene that encodes Cytochrome P450 2S1 protein, that has a potential importance for extrahepatic xenobiotic metabolism.
CYP2S1
MSOntology:Cambridge_Multiple_Sclerosis_Basic_Score
CAMBS
Scientific Reference: Handbook of Neurologic Rating Scales
By Dr. Robert Herndon, MD
A composite neurological rating scale involving four factors namely disability and impairment, relapse, progression and handicap.
Cambridge_Multiple_Sclerosis_Basic_Score
MSOntology:Cannabinoids
MESH :D002186
C0006864
Canabinoides
Cannabinoid
Cannabinoids
canabinoide
Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Cannabis
MESH :D002188
Plant, Hemp
Bhang
Bhangs
C0024808
C0936079
Cannabi
Cannabis indica
Cannabis indicas
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativas
Ganja
Ganjas
Hashish
Hashishs
Hemp
Hemp Plant
Hemp Plant
Hemp Plants
Hemps
Marihuana
Marihuanas
Marijuana
Marijuana
Marijuanas
Marijuanas
Plant, Hemp
Plants, Hemp
Plants, Hemp
indica, Cannabis
indicas, Cannabis
sativa, Cannabis
sativas, Cannabis
The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Carbamazepine
Drug :DBA000557
MESH :D002220
Acetate, Carbamazepine
Amizepin
Amizepine
C0006949
Carbamazepin
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine Acetate
Carbamazepine Dihydrate
Carbamazepine Hydrochloride
Carbamazepine L-Tartrate (4:1)
Carbamazepine Phosphate
Carbamazepine Sulfate (2:1)
Carbazepin
Dihydrate, Carbamazepine
Epitol
Epitol
FINLEPSIN
Finlepsin
Hydrochloride, Carbamazepine
Karbamazepin
Neurotol
Phosphate, Carbamazepine
TEGRETOL
Tegretol
An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Catecholamine
MESH: D002395
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0007412
Sympathins
A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.
(MeSH disease )
Catecholamine
MSOntology:Caucasian
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0043157
Caucasian
Caucasian Race
Caucasian Races
Caucasians
Caucasoid
Caucasoid Race
Caucasoid Races
Occidental
Race, Caucasian
Race, Caucasoid
Race: Caucasian
Race: White
Races, Caucasian
Races, Caucasoid
White
White - ethnic group
Whites
An ethnic group of putative Caucasoid origin.
Caucasian
MSOntology:Caudate_Nucleus
C0007461
Nucleus caudatus
Nucleus, Caudate
A nucleus located within the basal ganglia of the brains of many animal species. The caudate nucleus is an important part of the brain's learning and memory system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudate_nucleus )
Caudate_Nucleus
MSOntology:Cb2
Gene :HS041143
CNR2
CB-2
CX5
Cannabinoid receptor 2
hCB2
A heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor for endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase. May function in inflammatory response, nociceptive transmission and bone homeostasis.
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P34972 )
Cb2
MSOntology:Cd26
Uniprot ID:P27487
ADCP2
DPP4
ADABP
ADCP-2
Adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2
DPP IV
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
T-cell activation antigen CD26
TP103
Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation.
Cd26
MSOntology:Cd276
Gene :HS054287
MESH :C423237
B7H3
4Ig-B7-H3
B7 homolog 3
B7-H3
CD276 antigen
Costimulatory molecule
May participate in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immune response. May play a protective role in tumor cells by inhibiting natural-killer mediated cell lysis as well as a role of marker for detection of neuroblastoma cells.
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5ZPR3 )
Cd276
MSOntology:Cd44
Gene :HS056634
MESH :D018960
MIC4
CD44 antigen
CDw44
ECMR-III
Epican
Extracellular matrix receptor III
GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor
HUTCH-I
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
Hermes antigen
Hyaluronate receptor
LHR
MDU2
MDU3
PGP-1
PGP-I
Phagocytic glycoprotein 1
Phagocytic glycoprotein I
Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16070 )
Cd44
MSOntology:Cell_Phenotypes
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phenotype
The entire physical, biochemical, and physiological makeup of an individual as determined both genetically and environmentally.
Cell_Phenotype molecule
MSOntology:Cell_line_cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The complex process by which cell lines are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Cell line cultures
MSOntology:Cell_migration
A central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_migration )
Cell migration
MSOntology:Cell_therapy
The process of introducing new cells into a tissue in order to treat a disease.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_therapy )
Cell therapy
MSOntology:Central_Nervous_System
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0927232
CNS
Nervous System, Central
Neuraxis
Structure of central nervous system
System, Central Nervous
The collective name for the brain and the spinal cord. It contrasts with the Peripheral Nervous System which passes nerve signals between the CNS and rest of the body.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/centralnervoussystem.html )
Central Nervous System
MSOntology:Central_White_Matter
One of the two components of the central nervous system and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter )
Central_White_Matter
MSOntology:Cerebellar
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Cerebellar
The portion of the brain located at the base of the skull that is responsible for balance, equilibrium and movement.
MSOntology:Cerebellar_Functional_System_Score
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/
The functional system score which is a measure of the coordinated movements.
Cerebellar Functional System Score
MSOntology:Cerebellum
MESH : D002531
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR).
(MeSH definition )
Cerebellum
MSOntology:Cerebral_Cortex
C0007776
Cerebral gray matter
Cortex Cerebral
Cortex, Cerebral
Cortices, Cerebral
Structure of cerebral cortex
The convoluted layer of gray substance covering each cerebral hemisphere.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+cortex )
The outer layer of the cerebrum composed of neurons and unmyelinated nerve fibers. It is responsible for memory, attention, consciousness and other higher levels of mental function.
Cerebral_Cortex
MSOntology:Cerebrospinal_fluid_analysis
CSF
CSF analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a group of laboratory tests that measure proteins, sugar (glucose), and other chemicals in the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.
(Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003369.htm)
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
MSOntology:Chemical_demyelination
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Neurotoxicity#gen2
Agents that selectively damage the myelin sheath by disrupting or interrupting the conduction of high-speed neuronal impulses.
Chemical demyelination
MSOntology:Chemical_induced_demyelination_inviivo
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Neurotoxicity#gen2
Agents that selectively damage the myelin sheath by disrupting or interrupting the conduction of high-speed neuronal impulses in an invivo model.
Chemical induced demyelination inviivo
MSOntology:Chemodenervation
MESH :D009407
Block, Nerve
Blockade, Nerve
Blockades, Nerve
Blocks, Nerve
C0027741
Chemical Neurolyses
Chemical Neurolysis
Chemical Neurolysis
Chemodenervations
Nerve Block
Nerve Blockade
Nerve Blockades
Nerve Blockades
Nerve Blocks
Neural Block
Neural Blockade
Neurolyses, Chemical
Neurolysis, Chemical
Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent.
Chemodenervation
MSOntology:Chemokines
MESH: D018925
C0282554
Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes.
(MeSH definition)
_Chemokines
MSOntology:Chitotriosidase-1
Gene :HS040366
Uniprot ID:Q13231
Chitinase-1
Degrades chitin, chitotriose and chitobiose. May participate in the defense against nematodes and other pathogens. Isoform 3 has no enzymatic activity.
Chitotriosidase-1
MSOntology:Chlamydia
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bedsonia
C0008148
Chlamydia
Genus Chlamydia
Miyagawanella
Rakeia
Rickettsiaformis
A genus of bacteria within the Chlamydiae phylum that contains only the three species Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia suis, and Chlamydia muridarum.
Chlamydia
MSOntology:Chlorpromazine
Drug :DBA000470
MESH :D002746
10H-Phenothiazine-10-propanamine, 2-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-
Aminazine
C0008286
CPZ - Chlorpromazine
Chlor-PZ
Chlorazine
Chlordelazine
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Contomin
Fenactil
Fenactil
Hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine
Hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine
Largactil
Largactil
Propaphenin
Thorazine
Thorazine
The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking dopamine receptors.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Cholesterol
MESH :D002784
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
(3beta)-Cholest-5-en-3-ol
C0008377
Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-
colesterol
Lipid composed of 27 carbon atoms which form three fused cycloheane (6-carbon) rings, a cyclopentane (5-carbon ring) and a side chain of 8 carbon atoms. (Ensminger et al).
_Cholesterol
MSOntology:Cholinergic
Choline
The various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with inositol as a basic constituent of lecithin.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic )
Cholinergic
MSOntology:Chromogranin_a
CHGA
CgA
Gene :HS040318
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromogranin_A
Pituitary secretory protein I
SP-I
A neuroendocrine secretory protein which is the precursor to several functional peptides including vasostatin, pancreastatin, catestatin and parastatin. These peptides negatively modulate the neuroendocrine function of the releasing cell (autocrine) or nearby cells (paracrine).
Chromogranin_a
MSOntology:Chronic_CNS_damage
http://ec.europa.eu/health/major_chronic_diseases/diseases/brain_neurological/index_en.htm
The hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by early onset,long-lasting progressive nervous system dysfunction.
Chronic CNS damage
MSOntology:Chronic_active_lesion
Chronic active lesion
MSOntology:Chronic_axonal_loss
Scientific Reference: Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(4B):S312-S315
The axonal degeneration which might be due to the chronic demyelination.
(Scientific Reference: Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(4B):S312-S315)
Chronic axonal loss
MSOntology:Chronic_demyelination
MESH : D003711
Scientific Reference: doi: 10.2174/157015910792246218
The continuous loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system over a long period of time.
(Scientific Reference: doi: 10.2174/157015910792246218 )
Chronic demyelination
MSOntology:Chronic_established_lesion
Scientific Reference: Neurobehavioral Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis
By Stephen M. Rao, Ph.D
The established plaques within or around which inflammatory activity, myelin phagocytosis and lesion extension are in evidence.
Chronic established lesion
MSOntology:Chronic_inactive_lesion
MSOntology:Chronic_relapsing_EAE
Scientific Reference: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 90, pp. 6400-6404, July 1993
Medical Sciences
A T-cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune
disease that resembles human multiple sclerosis.
(Scientific Reference: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 90, pp. 6400-6404, July 1993
Medical Sciences )
Chronic relapsing EAE
MSOntology:Cladribine
Drug : DBA000236
MESH :D017338
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
2'-Deoxy-2-chloroadenosine
2-CdA
2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine
2-Chloro-2-Deoxyadenosine
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine
2CDA
Adenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-
C0092801
CHLORODEOXYADENOSINE 02
CHLORODEOXYADENOSINE 02 02
CdA
Cladribina
Cladribine
Cladribine product
Leustat
Leustatin
Leustatine
An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia.
MSOntology:Claustrum
A thin, irregular, sheet of neurons which is attached to the underside of the neocortex in the center of the brain.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustrum )
Claustrum
MSOntology:Clinical_course
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/clinical
The course of the disease that is directly observed on a patient.
Clinical course
MSOntology:Clinical_diagnosis_of_MS_disease
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/clinical+diagnosis
diagnosis based on signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings during life.
_Clinical diagnosis
MSOntology:Clinical_features_of_MS_disease
http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/clinical%20feature
Features relating to the bedside of a patient, the course of his disease, or the observation and treatment of patients directly
Clinical features
MSOntology:Clinical_isolated_symdrome
Probable MS
A first neurologic episode that lasts at least 24 hours, and is caused by inflammation/demyelination in one or more sites in the central nervous system (CNS). The episode can be monofocal or multifocal.
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/diagnosing-ms/cis/index.aspx )
Clinical isolated symdrome
MSOntology:Clinical_marker
doi:10.1038/nrd1130
Biomarkers that enable the characterisation of patient populations and quantitation to the extent to which new drugs reach intended targets, alter proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and achieve clinical outcomes.
Clinical marker
MSOntology:Clinical_phenotype
The clinical expression of a single gene or gene pair.
(Source: http://www.ndif.org/public/terms/4793-clinical_phenotype )
Clinical phenotype
MSOntology:Clinically_Definite_MS
CDMS
clinically definite MS
clinically definite multiple sclerosis
Two attacks and clinical evidence of two sepa rate lesions
OR
Two attacks; clinical evidence of one lesion and paraclinical evidence of another, separate lesion
The two attacks must involve different parts of the CNS, must be separated by a period of at least one month, and must each last a minimum of 24 hours.
(Scientific Reference: Poser et al (1983) Ann Neurol 13(3):227-231)
Clinically Definite MS
MSOntology:Clinically_Probable_MS
CPMS
clinically probable multiple sclerosis
Either of
1. Two attacks and clinical evidence of one lesion
COMMENT. The two attacks must involve separate
parts of the CNS. Historical information cannot be
considered as a substitute for the clinical evidence.
or
2. One attack and clinical evidence of two separate lesions
or
3. One attack; clinical evidence of one lesion and paraclinical evidence of another, separate lesion
(Scientific Reference: Poser et al (1983) Ann Neurol 13(3):227-231)
Clinically Probable MS
MSOntology:Clonazepam
Drug :DBA001058
MESH :D002998
Antelepsin
C0009011
Clonazepam
Rivotril
Ro 5-4023
Ro 54023
clonacepam
An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Clonus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonus
a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations which is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways, and in many cases is, accompanied by spasticity.
Clonus
MSOntology:Closing_blood_brain_barrier
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110913172631.htm
The process of closing the brain's blood vessels which could be due to the activation or deactivation of the adenosine receptors.
Closing blood brain barrier
MSOntology:Clusterin
Gene :HS040844
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
40,40 Protein, SP
Aging-Associated Gene 4 Protein
protein SP 40,40
protein TRPM-2
protein XIP8
Clusterin (449 aa, ~52 kDa) is encoded by the human CLU gene. This protein may be involved in lipid metabolism, complement regulation and the initiation of apoptosis.
Clusterin
MSOntology:Cntf
Gene :HS041147
Uniprot ID:P26441
Ciliary neurotrophic factor
CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy.
Cntf
MSOntology:Co-stimulation
Costimulation
The delivery of a 2nd signal from an antigen-presenting cell to a T cell, which rescues an activated T cell from anergy, allowing it to produce the lymphokines necessary for production of additional T cells.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Costimulation )
Co-stimulation
MSOntology:Cognitive_Dysfunction
http://www.fightingfatigue.org/?p=1264
Problems with concentration/attention, memory impairment, poor word-finding ability, decreased information-processing speed, motor slowing and mental exhaustion.
Cognitive_Dysfunction
MSOntology:Cognitive_Fatigue
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058923/
A failure to sustain attention to optimize task performance during acute but sustained mental effort. Cognitive fatigue was operationally defined as a decline in attention network performance over the course of the Attention Network Tests.
Cognitive_Fatigue
MSOntology:Cognitive_therapy
CT
Behavior Therapies, Cognitive
Behavior Therapy, Cognitive
Cognition Therapies
Cognition Therapy
Cognitive Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Psychotherapies
Cognitive Psychotherapy
Cognitive Therapies
Psychotherapies, Cognitive
Psychotherapy, Cognitive
Therapies, Cognition
Therapies, Cognitive
Therapies, Cognitive Behavior
Therapy, Cognition
Therapy, Cognitive
Therapy, Cognitive Behavior
A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=cognitive%20therapy )
Cognitive therapy
MSOntology:Combined_gadolinium_and_superparamagnetic_iron_oxide_enhanced_MR_imaging
Combined gadolinium and superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced MR imaging biomarker
MSOntology:Complement
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0009498
Complement
Complement Component Protein
Complement Protein
Complement, thermolabile serum protein complex with cytotoxic effect
Protein, Complement
Proteins, Complement
Proteins, Complement System
One of a group of about 20 proteins that is found in the blood and is important in fighting infections and other diseases.
Complement molecule
MSOntology:Computational_classifier
doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-67
The mathematical algorithms that maximize the matching between the input data and the output (prediction) .They can accommodate prior information and achieve higher accuracy for predicting outcomes.
Computational classifier
MSOntology:Computational_model
A mathematical model in computational science that requires extensive computational resources to study the behavior of a complex system by computer simulation.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_model )
Computational model
MSOntology:Constipation
MDC000559
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0009806
Colonic Inertia
Constipated
Difficult passing motion
Difficulty defaecating
Difficulty opening bowels
Difficulty passing stool
Dyschezia
Obstipation
costiveness
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=constipation )
Constipation
MSOntology:Constipation_Drugs
http://www.drugs.com/condition/constipation-drug-induced.html
The drugs used in the treatment of Constipation.
MSOntology:Contactin
HS041160
HS052893
MESH : D058966
A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in nervous system patterning.
(MeSH definition )
Contactin
MSOntology:Contactin1
Gene :HS041160
Uniprot ID:Q12860
CNTN1 gene
Glycoprotein gp135
Neural cell surface protein F3
Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Involved in the formation of paranodal axo-glial junctions in myelinated peripheral nerves and in the signaling between axons and myelinating glial cells via its association with CNTNAP1.
Contactin1
MSOntology:Contrast_Agents
MESH : D003287
Agent, Radiocontrast
Agents, Contrast
Agents, Radiocontrast
C0009924
Contrast Drugs
Contrast Materials
Contrast Media
Contrast Medium
Materials, Contrast
Media, Contrast
Media, Radiocontrast
Radiocontrast Agent
Radiocontrast Agents
Radiocontrast Media
Radiographic contrast material
Radiographic contrast media
contrast material
Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.
(MeSH definition )
Contrast_Agents
MSOntology:Contrast_Enhancing_Lesion
http://ms.about.com/od/glossary/g/Gd_lesion.htm
Gadolinium-Enhanced Lesion
The active lesions that enhances with gadolinium and allows one to know recent disease activity and determine if a relapse is occurring.
Contrast_Enhancing_Lesion
MSOntology:Conventional_MRI
cMRI
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00129.x
An established tool for the assessment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and to monitor treatment trials.
Conventional MRI biomarker
MSOntology:Coordination_problem
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/vestibularataxia.html
Incoordination
vestibular ataxia is caused lesions to brainstem and the vestibular nuclei. In other conditions, it can also result from damage to the eighth cranial nerve leading from the balance organs in the inner ear.
Coordination_problem
MSOntology:Corpus_Callosum
colossal commissure
C0010090
Callosum, Corpus
Callosums, Corpus
Corpus Callosums
Structure of corpus callosum
A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum )
Corpus_Callosum
MSOntology:Cortex
cerebellar cortex
The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum covering the white substance in the medullary core.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebellar+cortex )
Cortex
MSOntology:Cortical_plaque
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/plaque.html
The patches of demyelination that occur in the cortical region of the brain, where the myelin is replaced by scar tissue.
Cortical plaque
MSOntology:Corticosteroids
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Adrenal cortical hormone
Adrenocorticosteroids
Anacal pessary
Anacal suppository
C0001617
Clinical corticosteroid therapy
Clinical corticosteroid therapy drug
Corticoid preparation
Corticoids
Corticosteroid replacement therapy
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids for oropharynx
Hormones, Adrenal Cortex
Local corticosteroid injections
Rectal corticosteroids
Therapeutic Corticosteroid
corticosteroid
Any steroid hormone made in the adrenal cortex (the outer part of the adrenal gland). They are also made in the laboratory. Corticosteroids have many different effects in the body, and are used to treat many different conditions. They may be used as hormone replacement, to suppress the immune system, and to treat some side effects of cancer and its treatment. Corticosteroids are also used to treat certain lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.
MSOntology:Cortisone
MESH : D003348
C0010137
Cortison
Therapeutic Cortisone
cortisone acetate
A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Costimulation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costimulation
During the activation of lymphocytes, co-stimulation is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response. Co-stimulation is required in addition to the antigen-specific signal from their antigen receptors.
Costimulation
MSOntology:Cox-2
Gene :HS051132
Uniprot ID:P35354
PTGS2
Cyclooxygenase-2
PGH synthase 2
PGHS-2
PHS II
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.
Cox-2
MSOntology:Crosspresentation
The ability of certain antigen-presenting cells to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-presentation )
Crosspresentation
MSOntology:Crp
Gene :HS041617
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIP2
CRIP2
CRP-2
Cysteine-rich protein 2
Protein ESP1
The proteins tha are highly expressed during cardiovascular development and act to bridge serum response factor and GATA proteins and stimulate smooth muscle target genes.
Crp
MSOntology:Culture_of_3-dimensional_brain_spheroid
Scientific Reference: Biotechnol J. 2008 Oct;3(9-10):1172-84.
http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-understanding-of-neurodegenerative-diseases/modelling-multiple-sclerosis-in-vitro-and-the-influence-of-activated-macrophages
Spheroid culture
The brain cells when cultured in suspension or a nonadhesive environment can aggregate and differentiate into 3-D multicellular spheroids.
Culture of 3-dimensional brain spheroid
MSOntology:Cuprizone
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Biscyclohexanone Oxaldihydrazone
C0010460
Cuprizone
Oxaldihydrazone, Biscyclohexanone
Copper chelator that inhibits monoamine oxidase and causes liver and brain damage.
Cuprizone
MSOntology:Cyclizine
Drug :DBA001165
MESH :D003501
C0010547
Cyclizin
A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=cyclizine )
MSOntology:Cyclophosphamide
Drug :DBA000524
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
CPM
CTX
CYCLO-cell
CYT
Carloxan
Ciclofosfamida
Ciclofosfamide
Cicloxal
Clafen
Claphene
Cycloblastin
Cycloblastine
Cyclophospham
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamidum
Cyclophosphan
Cyclophosphane
Cyclophosphanum
Cyclostin
Cyclostine
Cytophosphan
Cytophosphane
Fosfaseron
Genoxal
Genuxal
Ledoxina
Mitoxan
Neosar
Syklofosfamid
A synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver, cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death.
MSOntology:Cystatin_c
Gene :HS041902
CST2 gene
Cystatin-S5
Cystatin-SA
A secreted thiol protease inhibitor found at high levels in saliva, tears and seminal plasma.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CST2 )
Cystatin_c
MSOntology:Cytokines
MESH : D016207
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0079189
Cytokine
Cytokines
Cytokineses
Cytokinetic state
Cytoplasmic Division
Cytoplasmic Divisions
Division, Cytoplasmic
Divisions, Cytoplasmic
cytokine
cytokinesis
A substance that is made by cells of the immune system. Some cytokines can boost the immune response and others can suppress it. Cytokines can also be made in the laboratory by recombinant DNA technology and used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer.
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68016207 )
_Cytokine molecule
MSOntology:Cytotoxicity
MESH :D003602
The quality of being toxic to cells.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxicity )
Cytotoxicity
MSOntology:DBC1
HS042428
MESH : C112308
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1413915
DBC1 gene
DBCCR1
Deleted in Bladder Cancer 1 Gene
This gene plays a role in receptor-mediated signal transduction.
DBC1
MSOntology:DC
MESH : D003713
Dendritic Cells
The immune cells forming part of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell )
DC
MSOntology:DNA_vacination
A technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA to produce an immunological response.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccination )
DNA vacination
MSOntology:DOCK10
Gene :HS050350
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock10
DOCK10.2
Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 10
Zizimin3
The gene encodes a protein that contains a DHR2 domain which is involved in G protein binding and a DHR1 domain which, in some DOCK family proteins, interacts with membrane phospholipids.
DOCK10
MSOntology:Daclizumab
Drug : DBA000107
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0663182
Hoffmann-La Roche brand of daclizumab
Roche brand of daclizumab
Zenapax
A recombinant monoclonal antibody interleukin-2 receptor antagonist. Daclizumab binds specifically to the alpha subunit of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes in vivo, thereby inhibiting IL-2 binding and IL-2-mediated lymphocyte activation, a critical cellular immune response pathway.
MSOntology:Dalfampridine
The molecule is one of the three isomeric amines of pyridine. It is used primarily as a research tool, in characterizing subtypes of potassium channel, and has also been used to manage some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Aminopyridine )
MSOntology:Damage_To_Cranial_Nerve_Transmission
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossanatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/mainframe.htm
Any disruption in transmission of electrical impulses to and/or from any one of the cranial nerves.
Damage_To_Cranial_Nerve_Transmission
MSOntology:Decision_support_system
CDSS
An interactive decision support system (DSS) Computer Software, which is designed to assist physicians and other health professionals with decision making tasks, such as determining diagnosis of patient data.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_decision_support_system )
Clinical Decision support system
MSOntology:Decreased_attention_span
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_span
The decrease in amount of time that a person can concentrate on a task without becoming distracted.
Decreased_attention_span
MSOntology:Decussation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decussation
The nerve fibers obliquely cross from one lateral part of pons to the other.
Decussation
MSOntology:Dementia
MDC000628
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Amentia
Amentias
C0497327
Dementias
Unspecified dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.
Dementia
MSOntology:Demyelination
MESH : D003711
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Destructive inflammatory demyelination
Demyelination
MSOntology:Demyelination_model_in_slice_culture
http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-understanding-of-neurodegenerative-diseases/modelling-multiple-sclerosis-in-vitro-and-the-influence-of-activated-macrophages
The in-vitro models of the slice culture containing intact myelin layer of specific brain area to identify the demyelination.
Demyelination model in slice culture
MSOntology:Dendrite
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0011305
Dendrites
Dendritic
Branched filaments in nerve cells (neurons).
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dendrite.html )
Dendrite
MSOntology:Dendritic_Cell
MESH : D003713
C0011306
Cell, Dendritic
Cells, Dendritic
Dendritic Cells
The immune cells forming part of the mammalian immune system whose main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell )
Dendritic_Cell
MSOntology:Dendritic_cell_priming
PMID: 11017102
The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) to acquire T cell stimulatory capacity.
Dendritic cell priming
MSOntology:Dentate_Nucleus
The most lateral and largest of the deep cerebellar nuclei, receiving axons of the Purkinje cells of the neocerebellum, and serving as a source of fibers composing the superior cerebellar peduncle.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dentate+nucleus+of+cerebellum )
Dentate_Nucleus
MSOntology:Depression
C0011570
Depressed
Depressed mood
Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorders
Depressive Neurosis
Depressive episode
Feeling low
Feeling of Sadness
Low mood
Melancholia
Mental Depression
Miserable
Morose mood
Morosity
Neurosis, Depressive
Sad
Sad mood
Sadness
A state of low mood and aversion to activity that can have a negative effect on a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, world view and physical well-being.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood) )
Depression
MSOntology:Dexamethasone
MESH :D003907
1-Dehydro-16alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone
16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione
16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-delta1-hydrocortisone
16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoroprednisolone
9Alpha-fluoro-11beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-16alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
9Alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methylprednisolone
9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha- methylprednisolone
Alcon Brand of Dexamethasone
C0011777
Decaject
Decaject L.A.
Decaject-L.A.
Decameth
Decameth
Decaspray
Desametasone
Desamethasone
Desameton
Dexametason
Dexamethasone
Dexasone
Dexone
Dexpak
ECR Brand of Dexamethasone
Foy Brand of Dexamethasone
Hexadecadrol
Hexadrol
ICN Brand of Dexamethasone
Maxidex
Merck Brand of Dexamethasone
Merz Brand 1 of Dexamethasone
Merz Brand 2 of Dexamethasone
Methylfluorprednisolone
Millicorten
Oradexon
dexamethason
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
(MeSH definition )
therapy using Dexamethasone
MSOntology:Diagnosis
MeSH:D003933
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
DIAG
Diagnosed
Diagnoses
Diagnostic
Dx
The determination of the nature of a disease or condition, or the distinguishing of one disease or condition from another. Assessment may be made through physical examination, laboratory tests, or the likes. Computerized programs may be used to enhance the decision-making process.(MeSH Definition)
Diagnosis
MSOntology:Diagnosis_criteria
determination of the nature of a case of a disease or the distinguishing of one disease from another
Diagnosis criteria
MSOntology:Diagnostic_test
lab test
Diagnostic test is a procedure performed to confirm, or determine the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having the disease, usually following the report of symptoms, or based on the results of other medical tests.
(Wikipedia)
Diagnostic test
MSOntology:Diazepam
Drug :DBA000822
MESH :D003975
2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-
7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
C0012010
VALIUM
Walium
diacepam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of Gamma-AminoButyric Acid activity.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003975 )
MSOntology:Dietary_factor
Informatics tactics to combat MS:Nature review 2012
Dietary factor
MSOntology:Differential_equation_model
http://science.kennesaw.edu/~mburke/modules/epidiffeq1.html
The models in which mathematical functions are used to assess the spread of diseases.
Differential equation model
MSOntology:Difficulty_beginning_to_urinate
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/hic_bladder_and_bowel_dysfunction_in_multiple_sclerosis.aspx
Hesitancy in starting urination
The difficulty in starting to urinate that indicate problems in the functioning of the muscles that control urination , which is a symptom of MS in a person.
Difficulty_beginning_to_urinate
MSOntology:Difficulty_reasoning_and_solving_problem
Reasoning and Problem Solving: Models
A K Barbey and L W Barsalou, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
Reasoning is a hallmark of human thought, supporting the process of discovery that leads from what is known or hypothesized, to what is unknown or implicit in one’s thinking. Reasoning can take the form of deductive inference.Problem solving refers broadly to the inferential steps that lead from a given state of affairs to a desired goal state.
Difficulty_reasoning_and_solving_problem
MSOntology:Diffusion_weight_imaging
DSI
DTI
DWI
HARDI
Tractography
An MRI method that produces in vivo magnetic resonance images of biological tissues sensitized with the local characteristics of molecular diffusion, generally water (but other moieties can also be investigated using MR spectroscopic approaches).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_MRI#Diffusion_imaging )
Diffusion weight imaging biomarker
MSOntology:Digital_White_Matter
Scientific Reference: Neuroimage. 2008 Apr 1;40(2):570-82. Epub 2008 Jan 3.
White matter cells that is registrated to a stereotaxic atlas.
Digital_White_Matter
MSOntology:Dimenhydrinate
Drug :DBA000977
Alra Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Aviomarin
Biodramina
Brothier Brand of Dimenhydrinate
C0012381
Calm X
Calm-X
Carter Horner Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Cinfa Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Cinfamar
Contramareo
DMH
Dimen Heumann
Dimen Lichtenstein
Dimenhydrinate McNeil Brand
Dimenhydrynat
Dimetabs
Dinate
Diphenhydramine Theoclate
Dramamine
Dramanate
Gravol
Heumann Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Heumann, Dimen
Hyrex Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Jones Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Lichtenstein Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Lichtenstein, Dimen
Lunopharm Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Lünopharm, Reisetabletten
Marmine
McNeil Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Motion Aid
Motion-Aid
Nausicalm
Pasadena Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Reisegold
Reisetabletten Lünopharm
Republic Drug Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Seatrace Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Theoclate, Diphenhydramine
Theoclate, Diphenhydramine
Torrens Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Uriach Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Vangard Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Vortech Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Wallace Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Whitehall Much Brand of Dimenhydrinate
Whitehall-Much Brand of Dimenhydrinate
A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline . It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy.
(MeSH definition )
therapy using Dimenhydrinate
MSOntology:Dimethy_fumarate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_fumarate
BG 00012
BG 12 compound
BG-00012
BG-12 compound
BG00012
BG12
BG12 compound
FAG 201
FAG-201
FAG201
Fumaderm
dimethylfumarate
A lipophilic, highly mobile molecule in human tissue, which when administered orally, it does not survive long enough to be absorbed into blood.
MSOntology:Diplopia
MeSH: MDC000690
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0012569
Diplopias
Double Vision
Double_Vision
Seeing double
Vision double
Vision, Double
Visione doppia
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS, STRABISMUS, OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES, TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES, ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES, and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.
Diplopia
MSOntology:Disease_modifying_drugs
DMD
MSOntology:Disease_subtype
MSOntology:Dissemination_In_Space
DIS
(Scientific reference, doi:10.1002/ana.23575)
dissemination in space and time
dissemination in time and space
dissemination of disease in space (Scientific reference, doi:10.1002/ana.23575)
dissemination-in-space (Scientific reference:19546108)
in space dissemination
systemic dissemination
It is a criteria for diagnosis of MS, and is based on the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) observation. Consists in the involvement of at least 2 discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS) at baseline and/or involvement of a new CNS location at the time of a second attack. The criteria to be used for the determination of the number of areas involved are those of Barkhof and tintore which require evidence of at least 3 of 4 of the following:
a) one gadolinium-enhancing lesion or 9 T2 hyperintense lesions if gadolinium-enhancing lesions are not present
b) at least one infratentorial lesion
c) at least one juxtacortical lesion (ie, involving the subcortical u-fibers)
d) at least 3 periventricular lesions.
Lesions will ordinarily be larger than 3 mm in cross section.
(Scientific: McDonald et al, 2001)
Dissemination In Space
MSOntology:Dissemination_In_Time
DIT
(Scientific reference, doi:10.1002/ana.23575)
dissemination in space and time
dissemination in time and space
dissemination of disease in time (Scientific reference, doi:10.1002/ana.23575)
in time dissemination
it is a criteria for the diagnosis of MS. Consists in the observation of 2 attacks separated by >30 days
Dissemination In Time
MSOntology:Dizziness
MeSH:MDC000701
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0012833
Dizziness symptom
Dizzy
Dizzyness
Sensation vertigineuse
A medically indistinct term used to describe a variety of conditions such as lightheadedness, unsteadiness, giddiness, a sense of turning, spinning or rocking.
Dizziness
MSOntology:Dj-1
Gene :HS040489
Uniprot ID:Q99497
PARK7 gene
Oncogene DJ1
Parkinson disease protein 7
The protein that protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death.
Dj-1
MSOntology:Docusate
Docusate is a stool softener. It makes bowel movements softer and easier to pass. Docusate is used to treat or prevent constipation, and to reduce pain or rectal damage caused by hard stools or by straining during bowel movements.
(Source: http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/docusate )
MSOntology:Doll_Eye_Sign
VOR
"http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Doll’s+Eye+Sign"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulo-ocular_reflex
http://www.amazon.com/wiki/Vestibulo-ocular_reflex
Vision research 1975 15(6):713-717
The Doll Reflex: ocular counterrolling with head-body tilt in the median plane
Ebenholtz SM, Shebilske W
PMID: 1138488
Halmagyi Curthoys test
Rapid head impulse test
Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular/physiology
doll's eye sign
vestibulo-ocular reflex test
A clinical sign for evaluating brainstem function in a comatose patient; in a normal person, as the head is turned rapidly to one side—contraindicated if there is a possibility of brainstem injury—the eyes conjugately deviate in the direction opposite to the head’s movement; loss of this reflex implies dysfunction of brainstem or oculomotor nerves; inferolateral deviation of the eyes in combination with pupillary dilation implies dysfunction of the third cranial nerve, possibly due to tentorial herniation.
Reflex movement of the eyes in the opposite direction to that which the head is moved, the eyes being lowered as the head is raised, and the reverse (Cantelli sign); an indication of functional integrity of the brainstem tegmental pathways and cranial nerves involved in eye movement
(Source:http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=81883)
MSOntology:Dopamine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
3,4 Dihydroxyphenethylamine
C0013030
Dopamin
Dopamine agent
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004298 )
Dopamine
MSOntology:Dorsal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata
The dorsal surface of the medulla that is formed by the fourth ventricle.
Dorsal
MSOntology:Double_inversion_recovery
DIR
doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-67-804-1258
Inversion recovery (IR) sequences can be used to null
the signal of a single tissue by appropriate choice of the
inversion interval and The use of an additional inversion pulse allows two tissues (e.g. fat and fluid) to be nulled simultaneously,
and is termed a double inversion recovery.
Double inversion recovery biomarker
MSOntology:Dramamine
MESH :D004111
A drug combination that contains DIPHENHYDRAMINE and THEOPHYLLINE. It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy. It is not effective in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Dynorphin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013355
Dinorfine
Dynorphins
A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004399 )
Dynorphin
MSOntology:Dysarthria
MESH : D004401
C0013362
Dysarthoses
Dysarthrias
disartria
Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004401 )
Dysarthria
MSOntology:Dyschromatopsia
Defective colour vision
General term given to deficiencies of colour vision.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dyschromatopsia )
Dyschromatopsia
MSOntology:Dysesthesia
MDC002006
MESH : D010292
Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence of stimulation.
(MeSH definition)
Dysesthesia
MSOntology:Dyskinetic
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dysarthria.html
The dysarthria which can either be hyperkinetic leading to problems with speech rate and rhythm or hypokinetic which results in poor articulation and slurred speech.
Dyskinetic
MSOntology:Dysmetria
MeSH:MDC000438
Adiadochokineses
Adiadochokinesis
Ataxia, Cerebellar
Ataxias, Cerebellar
Cerebellar Ataxias
Cerebellar Dysmetria
Cerebellar Dysmetrias
Cerebellar Hemiataxia
Cerebellar Hemiataxias
Cerebellar Incoordination
Cerebellar Incoordinations
Dysmetria, Cerebellar
Dysmetrias
Dysmetrias, Cerebellar
Hemiataxia, Cerebellar
Hemiataxias, Cerebellar
Hypermetria
Hypermetrias
Incoordination, Cerebellar
Incoordinations, Cerebellar
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of cerebellar diseases.
(MeSH definition )
Dysmetria
MSOntology:Dysphagia
MeSH:MDC000624
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0011168
Can't get food down
Cannot get food down
DEGLUTITION DIS
Deglutition Disorder
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in swallowing
Disorders, Deglutition
Dysphagia
Dysphagia, unspecified
SWALLOWING DIS
Swallowing Disorder
Swallowing Disorders
Swallowing difficulties
A symptom referring to difficulty in swallowing. It may be observed in patients with stroke, motor neuron disorders, cancer of the throat or mouth, head and neck injuries, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Dysphagia
MSOntology:Dysphasia
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0973461
Impairment of verbal communication skills, often resulting from brain damage.
Dysphasia
MSOntology:E-Selectin
MESH : D019040
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 062 E
Antigen, CD62E
Antigens, CD62E
C0115305
CD 062 E ANTIGENS
Cell Adhesion Molecule E-Selectin
ENDOTHELIAL LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE 001
ESEL
Endothelial Adhesion Molecule 1
SELECTIN E
Selectin, E
Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.
E-Selectin
MSOntology:E1BAP5
HS040296
MESH : C475078
http://omim.org/entry/605800?search=E1BAP5&highlight=e1bap5
The gene that interact directly with p53 and inhibited induction of p53-regulated genes following ultraviolet irradiation.
E1BAP5
MSOntology:EAAT1
Gene:HS052462
Uniprot ID:P43003
SLC1A3 gene
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1
GLAST gene
GLAST-1
GLAST1 gene
Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 1
Solute carrier family 1 member 3
The gene that encodes a protien that transports L-glutamate and also L- and D-aspartate. Essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate by rapidly removing released glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Acts as a symport by cotransporting sodium.
EAAT1
MSOntology:EB9
EB9
MSOntology:EBP-1
Gene :HS048618
Uniprot ID:Q9UQ80
EBP1 gene
PA2G4 gene
Cell cycle protein p38-2G4 homolog
ErbB3-binding protein 1
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4
hG4-1
The gene that encodes a protein which seems be involved in growth regulation. Acts a corepressor of the androgen receptor (AR) and may be involved in ribosome assembly.
EBP-1
MSOntology:EBV
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Burkitt Herpesvirus
Burkitt Lymphoma Virus
Burkitt's Lymphoma Virus
Burkitts Lymphoma Virus
C0014644
E B Virus
E-B Virus
E-B Viruses
EBV
EBV - Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein Barr Virus
Epstein-Barr Virus
Epstein-Barr virus EBV
HERPESVIRUS 4 GAMMA HUMAN
HERPESVIRUS HUMAN 04
HHV 4
HHV-4
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 04
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Herpesvirus, Burkitt
Human Herpesvirus 4
Human herpesvirus type 4
INFECT MONONUCLEOSIS VIRUS
Infectious Mononucleosis Virus
Infectious Mononucleosis Viruses
Lymphoma Virus, Burkitt
Mononucleosis Virus, Infectious
Mononucleosis Viruses, Infectious
Virus-Epstein-Barr
A species of Herpetoviridae that is responsible for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). Discovered in 1964, this virus has been associated with Burkitt's lymphoma in South African children and with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations. (On-line Medical Dictionary)
EBV
MSOntology:EGR2
Gene :HS042861
Uniprot ID:P11161
EGR2 gene
KROX20 gene
AT591
E3 SUMO-protein ligase EGR2
EGR-2
Early growth response protein 2
Zinc finger protein Krox-20
The gene that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. It binds to two specific DNA sites located in the promoter region of HOXA4.
EGR2
MSOntology:EPHX2
Gene :HS043124
Uniprot ID:P34913
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2
The gene encode a bifunctional enzyme that plays a role in xenobiotic metabolism by degrading potentially toxic epoxides. It also determines steady-state levels of physiological mediators.
EPHX2
MSOntology:Efferent_Nerve
Any that carries impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/efferent+nerve )
Efferent_Nerve
MSOntology:Electrical_Type_Buzzing
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/LHermittessign.html
L'Hermitte's sign
barber shop symptom
The electrical buzzing sensations in the limbs and body brought on by movement of the neck,which is an indicator of lesions in the cervical spine.
Electrical_Type_Buzzing
MSOntology:Electrical_stimulation
Electric Stimulations
Electrical Stimulation
Electrical Stimulations
Stimulation, Electric
Stimulation, Electrical
Stimulations, Electric
Stimulations, Electrical
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004558 )
Electrical stimulation
MSOntology:Electrocoagulation
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013804
DIATHERMY SURG
Destruction of lesion or structure by biterminal bipolar fulguration
Destruction of lesion or structure by electrocautery
Diathermies
Diathermy
Diathermy - action
Diathermy - surgical
Diathermy cautery - action
Diathermy technique
Diathermy, Surgical
ELECTROCOAG
Electrocautery
Electrocautery operation
Electrocoagulation
Electrocoagulation - action
Electrosection cutting
Electrosurgery
Endocavitary Fulguration
Fulguration, Endocavitary
Galvanocauterisation
Galvanocauterisation - action
Galvanocauterization
Galvanocauterization - action
Galvanocautery
Physical medicine diathermy treatment to one area
SURG DIATHERMY
Surgical Diathermy
Surgical diathermy NOS
THERMOCOAG
Thermal coagulation
Thermocoagulation
electrofulguration
fulguration
Procedures using an electrically heated wire or scalpel to treat hemorrhage (e.g., bleeding ulcers) and to ablate tumors, mucosal lesions, and refractory arrhythmias. It is different from ELECTROSURGERY which is used more for cutting tissue than destroying and in which the patient is part of the electric circuit.
Electrocoagulation
MSOntology:Endorphine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0014242
Endorphin
Endorphines
Endorphins
One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004723 )
Endorphine
MSOntology:Endothelium
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0014257
Endothelial
Endothelial tissue
Endotheliums
The thin layer of cells that lines blood and lymph vessels.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/endothelium.html )
Endothelium
MSOntology:Energetic_faliure
Scientific Reference: Current Cardiology Reports 2000, 2:212–217
Current Science Inc. ISSN 1523–3782
The gradual accumulation of defects at various steps in
energetic signaling,thereby disrupting the maintenance of optimal cellular bioenergetics.
(Scientific Reference: Current Cardiology Reports 2000, 2:212–217
Current Science Inc. ISSN 1523–3782 )
Energetic failure
MSOntology:Energy_depletion
The gradual depletion of energy or resources.
(Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/depletion )
Energy depletion
MSOntology:Enkephalin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0014298
Enkephaline
Enkephalins
One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004745 )
Enkephalin
MSOntology:Enviornmental_suceptibility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivability
The inability to withstand environmental changes.
Enviornmental suceptibility
MSOntology:Epidemics
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Epidemic
Epidemics
Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.
Epidemics
MSOntology:Epidemiology_of_MS_disease
The study (or the science of the study) of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology )
Epidemiology
de
en
----See Newly Generated Definition Below-----
- Epidemiology is the study (or the science of the study) of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
----See Newly Generated Definition Below-----
- finger-nose test definition: noun A test of coordination of the arms and hands in which an individual is asked to touch the tip of his or her nose with the index finger....
MSOntology:Epinephrine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Adrenal
Adrenaline
C0014563
Epinephrin
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004837 )
Epinephrine
MSOntology:Episodic_Paroxysmal_Dysarthria
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dysarthria.html
The dysarthria that lasts for up to a minute or so and recurs several times a day and is particulary common in MS.
Episodic_Paroxysmal_Dysarthria
MSOntology:Epitope_spreading
Scientific Reference: PMID: 8994863
The development of immune responses to endogenous epitopes secondary to the release of self antigens during a chronic autoimmune or inflammatory response.
(PMID: 8994863 )
Epitope spreading
MSOntology:Epstein_barr_virus
MeSH:MDC003594
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr virus, frequently referred to as EBV, is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses. The virus occurs worldwide, and most people become infected with EBV sometime during their lives. In the United States, as many as 95% of adults between 35 and 40 years of age have been infected. Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection (present at birth) disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and in other developed countries, many persons are not infected with EBV in their childhood years. When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35% to 50% of the time.
(Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm)
Epstein barr virus
MSOntology:Epworth_Sleepiness_Scale_Questionnaires
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is used to determine the level of daytime sleepiness.
http://www.umm.edu/sleep/epworth_sleep.htm#ixzz2CZLYzhxe
Epworth Sleepiness Scale Questionnaires
MSOntology:Erectile_dysfunction
MESH : D007172
Dysfunction, Erectile
Impotence
Impotence, Male
Impotence, Male Sexual
Male Impotence
Male Sexual Impotence
Sexual Impotence, Male
The inability in the male to have a penile erection due to psychological or organ dysfunction.
(MeSH definition )
Erectile_dysfunction
MSOntology:Etiology_of_MS_disease
0
The study of causation, or origination.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology )
_Etiology
MSOntology:Euphoria
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0235146
Euphorias
Euphoric mood
Feeling high
An exaggerated feeling of well-being which is disproportionate to events and stimuli. It may result from psychological causes, organic brain syndromes, or toxic states.
Euphoria
MSOntology:EuroQol_five-dimensional_questionnaire
http://www.euroqol.org/
Applicable to a wide range of health conditions and treatments, the EQ-5D health questionnaire provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value for health status.
EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire
MSOntology:Evoked_Potential_Test
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/diagnosing-ms/evoked-potentials/index.aspx
Tests that measure the electrical activity of the brain in response to stimulation of specific sensory nerve pathways.
Evoked_Potential_Test
MSOntology:Excitory
A neurotransmitter that acts to elicit an action potential or make it more likely that one will be elicited.
(Source: http://www.termwiki.com/EN:excitatory_neurotransmitter )
Excitatory Neurotransmitter
MSOntology:Excitotoxicity
The pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged and killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity )
Excitotoxicity
MSOntology:Expanded_Disability_Status_Scale
EDSS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Disability_Status_Scale
Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale
A method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis in eight Functional Systems (FS) and allows neurologists to assign a Functional System Score (FSS) in each of these.
Expanded_Disability_Status_Scale
MSOntology:FADS1
HS038485
MESH : C031682
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1414521
FADS1 Gene
Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Gene
This gene plays a role in fatty acid metabolism.
FADS1
MSOntology:FAM5A
HS042428
BRINP1
DBC1
FAM5A
MSOntology:FAM69A
HS047351
MESH :C558130
family with sequence similarity 69
This gene encodes a member of the FAM69 family of cysteine-rich type II transmembrane proteins. These proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum but their specific functions are unknown.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=388650 )
FAM69A
MSOntology:FASL
Gene :HS046864
Uniprot ID: P48023
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
FASLG gene
CD95L gene
: APT1LG1 gene
ANTIGENS CD 178
APTL
Apoptosis antigen ligand
CD178
CD95 ligand
CD95-L
FASL gene
Fas antigen ligand
Fas ligand
FasL
Ligand TNFSF-6
Ligand TNFSF6
TNF Superfamily, Member 6
TNFSF6
TNFSF6 gene
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
protein FasL
The gene encodes a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells.
FASL
MSOntology:FDC
HS044736
MESH : C465580
Dendritic Cell, Follicular
Dendritic Reticulum Cells, Follicular
Follicular Dendritic Cell
Follicular Dendritic Cells
Non-hematopoietic cells, with extensive dendritic processes, found in the primary and secondary follicles of lymphoid tissue (the B cell zones).
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68020566 )
FDC
MSOntology:FLIP
HS055665
MESH : C506386
CLARP
FLAME1
MRIT
CASH
CASPER
CFLAR
I-FLICE
The gene that encode the proteases that play a central role in apoptosis.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/603599?search=FLIP&highlight=flip )
FLIP
MSOntology:FLJ00340
Gene :HS052710
FLJ00340 protein
FLJ00340
MSOntology:FLJ22950
HS070307
MESH : D051927
CD24
CD24A
This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and in many B cells. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=FLJ22950 )
FLJ22950
MSOntology:Facial_Myokymia
MeSH:MDC000902
Cranial Nerve VII Diseases
Cranial Nerve VII Disorders
Disease, Facial Nerve
Diseases, Facial Nerve
Disorder, Facial Nerve
Disorders, Facial Nerve
Facial Nerve Disease
Facial Nerve Disorder
Facial Nerve Disorders
Facial Neuropathies
Neuropathies, Facial
Seventh Cranial Nerve Diseases
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=facial%20myokymia )
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
(MeSH definition)
Facial_Myokymia
MSOntology:Facial_palsy
MeSH:MDC000905
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bell's Palsy
C0015469
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS
Facial Palsies
Facial Paralysis
Facial nerve palsy
Facial palsy
NERVE PARALYSIS, FACIAL
PARALYSIS OF FACIAL NERVE
Palsies, Facial
Palsy, Facial
Paralyses, Facial
Paralysis, Facial
Seventh nerve palsy
Seventh nerve paralysis
VII nerve palsy
Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of a person's face. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve. It is usually temporary but it may recur.
Facial palsy
MSOntology:Family_History
Family History risk factors
Genetic
family history
The risk factors inferred from the family health history that reflects inherited genetic susceptibility, shared environment, and common behaviors.
(Source: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5344a5.htm )
Family History risk factor
MSOntology:Fampridine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
4-AP
4-Aminopyridine
4-Pyridinamine
C0000477
Pymadine
One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
MSOntology:Fas
Gene :HS081899
Uniprot ID:P25445
APT1
Apo-1 antigen
Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS
FAS1
FASLG receptor
TNFRSF6
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6
FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both.
Fas
MSOntology:Fatigue
MeSH:MDC000923
C0015672
Loss of energy
Tiredness
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.
(MeSH definition )
Fatigue
MSOntology:Fatigue_Descriptive_Scale
Scientific Reference: Mult Scler. 1999 Feb;5(1):10-6.
FDS
A tool to evaluate the severity and quality of fatigue in a group of patients suffering from MS.
(Source: Mult Scler. 1999 Feb;5(1):10-6. )
Fatigue_Descriptive_Scale
MSOntology:Fatigue_Drugs
MSOntology:Fatigue_Severity_Scale
FSS
http://www.healthywomen.org/content/article/fatigue-severity-scale-fss
A method of evaluating the impact of fatigue on the patients, using a short questionnaire that rates the level of fatigue.
Fatigue_Severity_Scale
MSOntology:Feeling_of_sadness
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadness
Sadness
The emotional pain associated with, or characterized by feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, helplessness and sorrow.
Feeling_of_sadness
MSOntology:Female
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0015780
F
Female
Female Gender
Female Gender, Self Report
Female Gender, Self Reported
Female individual
Female structure
Females
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces ova. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, or cultural gender role distinctions, or both.
Female
MSOntology:Finger_To_Nose_Test
FNT
FTN
FTNT
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/finger-to-nose+test
finger nose test
The FNT is a a well-accepted clinical measure of upper-limb (UL) coordination.
The FNT consists of a subjective or qualitative component (ie, quality of the movement performed) and an objective time-stressed component (ie, time to execute the required movement). This easy, rapid test has also been used in research with people with stroke,3 and the time-stressed component is part of the sideline evaluation used in the management of concussion in sports.4 The use of timed large-amplitude, rapid, alternating movement patterns has also been validated among patients with stroke.5 Subjects are typically asked to keep their eyes open, to extend their arm forward at shoulder level, to flex the elbow to touch their nose, and to return the arm to the fully extended position, in as rapid succession as possible.
Different forms of the FNT have also been described
(Source: Swaine et al.(2005) Arch Phis Med rehab 86:1665-1669; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.021)
Finger To Nose Test
MSOntology:Fingolimod
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
FTY 720
FTY-720
FTY720
fingolimod hydrochloride
gilenya
The compound that is Used to treat multiple sclerosis since it has antineoplastic activity. Amyriocin analog; It alters migration and homing of lymphocytes.
MSOntology:Firategrast
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-propanoic acid, alpha-((2,6-difluorobenzoyl)amino)-4'-(ethoxymethyl)- 2',6'-dimethoxy-, (alphaS)-
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-propanoic acid, alpha-((2,6-difluorobenzoyl)amino)-4'-(ethoxymethyl)-2',6'-dimethoxy-, (alphaS)-
402567-16-2
D06590
DCL000528
Firategrast (USAN)
SB 683699
SB-683699
UNII-OJY3SK9H5F
A small oral anti-α4β-integrin molecule.
(Scientific Reference:Lancet Neurol. 2012 Feb;11(2):131-9. Epub 2012 Jan 5. )
MSOntology:Fluid_Attenuated_Inversion_Recovery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_attenuated_inversion_recovery
The pulse sequence which is an inversion recovery technique that nulls fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery biomarker
MSOntology:Folate_test
http://www.fairview.org/HealthLibrary/Article/LTO_VITAMIN_B12
folic acid test
A folic acid test measures the amount of folic acid in the blood.
(Source: http://www.everydayhealth.com/health-center/folic-acid-results.aspx).
Folate test
MSOntology:Folic_Acid
MESH: D005492
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
B9, Vitamin
C0016410
FA
FA - Folic acid
Folic Acid
Folic acid preparation
Folic acid product
Synthetic folate in fortified foods and supplements containing a single glutamate molecule.
Folic_Acid
MSOntology:Fornix
Brain Fornix
Fornix Cerebral
A C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornix_of_the_brain )
Fornix
MSOntology:Forth_Nerve_Palsy
MeSH:MDC003751
A condition caused by weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_nerve_palsy )
Fourth_Nerve_Palsy
MSOntology:Foxp3
HS048729
a protein involved in immune system responses. A member of the FOX protein family, FOXP3 appears to function as a master regulator (transcription factor) in the development and function of regulatory T cells.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXP3 )
Foxp3
MSOntology:Frequency_to_urinate
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/bladder-dysfunction/index.aspx
Frequent Urination
Urinary frequency
The needing to urinate more often than usual, which is a symptom that can be caused by a “spastic” bladder that is unable to hold the normal amount of urine, or by a bladder that does not empty properly and retains some urine in it.
Frequency_to_urinate
MSOntology:Frontal_Lobe
Lobe frontal
The largest portion of each cerebral hemisphere, anterior to the central sulcus.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/frontal+lobe )
Frontal_Lobe
MSOntology:Functional_MRI
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0376335
FMRI
Functional MRI
Functional MRIs
fMRI
functional magnetic resonance imaging
The principle of functional MRI imaging is to take a series of images of an organ in quick succession and to statistically analyze the images for differences among them. Most commonly used in studies of brain function.
Functional MRI biomarker
MSOntology:G10P1
Gene :HS046648
Uniprot ID:P09914
IFIT1 gene
IFNAI1 gene
ISG56 gene
G10P1 gene
IFI-56K
IFIT-1
Interferon-induced 56 kDa protein
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1
P56
The gene that encodes IFN-induced antiviral protein which exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses including human papilloma and hepatitis C viruses.
G10P1
MSOntology:G10P2
Gene :HS046647
Uniprot ID:P09913
IFIT2 gene
G10P2 gene
IFI54 gene
CIG-42 gene
IFI-54K
IFIT-2
ISG-54 K
ISG54 gene
Interferon-induced 54 kDa protein
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2
P54
The gene encodes a IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits expression of viral messenger RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap. The ribose 2'-O-methylation would provide a molecular signature to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs by the host during viral infection. Viruses evolved several ways to evade this restriction system such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). Can promote apoptosis.
G10P2
MSOntology:G3PD
Gene :HS044679
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase
EC 1.2.1.12
G3PDH
GAPD
GAPDH
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
The gene encodes an enzyme that is implicated in several non-metabolic processes, including transcription activation, initiation of apoptosis, and ER to Golgi vesicle shuttling.
G3PD
MSOntology:GCCR
HS045883
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1334899
NR3C1 gene
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 1 (Glucocorticoid Receptor) Gene
This gene is involved in ligand-activated transcriptional regulation and mutations in the gene are associated with glucocorticoid resistance.
GCCR
MSOntology:GGF2
HS038311
MESH : C094131
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3084
HGL
MST131
ARIA
GGF
HRG
HRG1
HRGA
NDF
NRG1
SMDF
The protein encoded by this gene is a signaling protein that mediates cell-cell interactions and plays critical roles in the growth and development of multiple organ systems.
GGF2
MSOntology:GITR
HS055818
AITR
CD357
GITR-D
TNFRSF18
This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8784 )
GITR
MSOntology:GLOD1
Gene: HS013755
GLYI
The enzyme encoded by this gene is responsible for the catalysis and formation of S-lactoyl-glutathione from methylglyoxal condensation and reduced glutatione.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2739 )
GLOD1
MSOntology:GPC5
Gene: HS043503
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1415197
GLYPICAN 5
GPC5
GPC5 Gene
Glypican 5 Gene
This gene plays a role in cellular interactions with proteoglycans.
GPC5
MSOntology:GRIA3
Gene:HS045813
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1333710
GRIA3
GRIA3 gene
Glutamate Receptor, Ionotrophic, AMPA 3 Gene
This gene is involved in the regulation of neuronal signal transduction and neurotransmitter activity.
GRIA3
MSOntology:GSK3B
Gene: HS045935
The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase, belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2932 )
GSK3B
MSOntology:Gabapentin
Drug :DBA000988
MESH :C040029
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Aventis brand of gabapentin
C0060926
Neurontin
Parke Davis brand of gabapentin
Pfizer brand of gabapentin
Warner-Lambert brand of gabapentin
A synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid with anticonvulsant activity. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, gabapentin appears to inhibit excitatory neuron activity. This agent also exhibits analgesic properties. (NCI04)
MSOntology:Gadolinium
Gd
Gadolinium is a chemical compound given during MRI scans that highlights areas of inflammation.
(Source: http://ms.about.com/od/glossary/g/Gd_lesion.htm )
Gadolinium
MSOntology:Gadolinium_Enhanced
Gadolinium is a chemical compound given during MRI scans that highlights areas of inflammation. It is also called “contrast material.”
A gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan shows active lesions, meaning that there is a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and inflammation is present.
(Source: http://ms.about.com/od/glossary/g/Gd_lesion.htm )
Gadolinium_Enhanced
MSOntology:Galactocerebroside
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0016960
Ceramides, Galactosyl
Galactosyl Ceramides
Cerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a galactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in beta-galactosidase, is the cause of galactosylceramide lipidosis or globoid cell leukodystrophy.
Galactocerebroside
MSOntology:Gamma_Aminobutyric_Acid
MESH : D005680
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
(MeSH definition )
Gamma_Aminobutyric_Acid
MSOntology:Gamma_Knive
Radiosurgeries, LINAC
Body Radiotherapies, Stereotactic
Body Radiotherapy, Stereotactic
CyberKnife Radiosurgeries
CyberKnife Radiosurgery
Gamma Knife Radiosurgeries
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
LINAC Radiosurgery
Linear Accelerator Radiosurgeries
Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery
Radiosurgeries
Radiosurgeries, CyberKnife
Radiosurgeries, Gamma Knife
Radiosurgeries, Linac
Radiosurgeries, Linear Accelerator
Radiosurgeries, Stereotactic
Radiosurgery
Radiosurgery, CyberKnife
Radiosurgery, Gamma Knife
Radiosurgery, Linac
Radiosurgery, Linear Accelerator
Radiosurgery, Stereotactic
Radiotherapies, Stereotactic Body
Radiotherapy, Stereotactic Body
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapies
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Stereotactic Radiosurgeries
Stereotactic Radiosurgery
A radiological stereotactic technique developed for cutting or destroying tissue by high doses of radiation in place of surgical incisions.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=gamma%20knife )
Gamma_Knife
MSOntology:Gamma_delta_T_cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B4_T_cells
γδ T cells
A small subset of T cells that possess a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface.
Gamma delta T cell
MSOntology:Gangliosides
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0017082
Ganglioside
Sialoglycosphingolipids
A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)
Gangliosides
MSOntology:Gastroesophageal_Reflux
MESH :D005764
Acid Reflux, Gastric
Acid Reflux, Gastric
Acid reflux
C0017168
Esophageal Reflux
GERD
Gastric Acid Reflux
Gastric Acid Reflux Disease
Gastro Esophageal Reflux
Gastro oesophageal Reflux
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Reflux, Gastric Acid
Reflux, Gastro-Esophageal
Reflux, Gastro-oesophageal
Reflux, Gastroesophageal
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.
(MeSH definition )
Gastroesophageal_Reflux
MSOntology:Gelsolin
Gene :HS045936
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0061187
FILAMIN
Gelsolin
Gelsolin Protein
Serum Actin Inhibitory Protein
A 90-kDa protein produced by macrophages that severs ACTIN filaments and forms a cap on the newly exposed filament end. Gelsolin is activated by CALCIUM ions and participates in the assembly and disassembly of actin, thereby increasing the motility of some CELLS.
Gelsolin
MSOntology:Gender_risk_factor
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/TIB/epidemiology.html
gender
gender risk factors
sex
sex risk factor
sex risk factors
The Factors that are associated with diseases and gender.
Gender risk factor
MSOntology:Genetic
Genetic protective factor
An allele associated with a reduction in risk relative to a more common
reference allele.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1377801)
MSOntology:Genetic_Biomarkers
Genetic Biomarkers
A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_marker )
Genetic Biomarker
MSOntology:Genetic_suceptibility
Genetic predisposition
An inherited increase in the risk of developing a disease.
(Source: http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=256553 )
Genetic suceptibility
MSOntology:Geographical_region
Enviornmental
Geographical region
MSOntology:Gfap
Gene :HS045002
Uniprot ID:P14136
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.
Gfap
MSOntology:Glatiramer_Acetate
Drug :DBA004757
Aventis brand of copolymer 1
COP1
Copaxone
TV 5010
TV-5010
TV5010
Teva brand of copolymer 1
copolymer 1
copolymer-1
A synthetic polypeptide consisting of L-Ala, L-Glu, L-Lys, and L-Tyr. It produces antigen-suppressor cells specific for myelin-based protein.It is a potential drug for treating multiple sclerosis.
MSOntology:Glial_Cells
MESH : D009457
C0027836
Cell, Glial
Cell, Neuroglial
Cells, Glial
Cells, Neuroglial
Maintenance and support cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/glialcells.html )
Glial_Cells
MSOntology:Glial_scar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_scar
The body's mechanism to protect and begin the healing process in the nervous system after an injury.
Glial scar
MSOntology:Glial_stem_cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_cell
non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system.
MSOntology:Globus_Pallidus
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0017651
GP - Globus pallidus
Globus Pallidus
Globus pallidus structure
Paleostriatum
Pallidum
Structure of globus pallidus
The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriatum. It forms the smaller, more medial part of the lentiform nucleus.
Globus_Pallidus
MSOntology:Glucocorticoids
MESH :D005938
C0017710
Effect, Glucocorticoid
Effects, Glucorticoid
Glucocorticoid Effect
Glucocorticoid hormone
Glucorticoid Effects
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
MSOntology:Glutamate_excitotoxicity
Scientific Reference: AJNR 2001 22: 1813-1824
Glutamate Excitotoxicity refers to an excessive activation of neuronal glutamate receptors,where glutamate is one of a group of amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain.
Glutamate excitotoxicity
MSOntology:Grey_Matter
Gray Matter
The areas where the actual "processing" is done .It has a grey colour due to all the grey nuclei in the cells that make it up.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/greymatter.html )
Grey_Matter
MSOntology:Grey_matter_atrophy
http://www.my-ms.org/symptoms_atrophy.htm
The progressive degeneration of grey matter cells.
Grey matter atrophy
MSOntology:Gut
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Alimentary Canal
Alimentary tract
C0017189
Digestive Tracts
Digestive tract structure
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
GI Tract
GI Tracts
Gastrointestinal Tracts
Gastrointestinal tract structure
Gut
digestive tract
MSOntology:HAPLN1
Gene :HS041620
CRTL1
The encodes proteins that is important for the formation of proteoglycan aggregates and normal organization of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and suggested that cartilage matrix has a role in chondrocyte differentiation and maturation.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/115435?search=HAPLN1&highlight=hapln1 )
HAPLN1
MSOntology:HAVCR
Gene:HS055224
Uniprot ID:Q8TDQ0
HAVCR2 gene
HAVcr-2
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3
T-cell membrane protein 3
TIM-3
TIM3 gene
TIMD-3
TIMD3 gene
The gene encodes a protein that regulates macrophage activation. Inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. May be also involved in T-cell homing.
HAVCR
MSOntology:HBB
Gene :HS038305
Uniprot ID:P68871
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Beta-globin
C1415481
HBB
HBB gene
HEMOGLOBIN--BETA LOCUS
Hemoglobin beta chain
Hemoglobin subunit beta
The gene encodes a protein that is involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
HBB
MSOntology:HHV_6
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
B-Lymphotropic Virus, Human
B-Lymphotropic Viruses, Human
C0019381
Exanthem subitum virus
HBLV
HERPESVIRUS HUMAN 06
HHV 6
HHV-6
HHV6
HHV6 - Human herpes virus 6
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 06
HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS AB
Herpesvirus 6, Human
Herpesvirus type 6
Human B Lymphotropic Virus
Human B-Lymphotropic Virus
Human B-Lymphotropic Viruses
Human herpes virus 6
Human herpesvirus 6
Human herpesvirus type 6
Roseola infantum virus
Roseola virus
Virus-HHV6
herpes simplex virus type 6
herpesvirus 6 HHV-6
human herpesvirus 6 HHV-6
human herpesvirus type 6 HHV-6
The type species of ROSEOLOVIRUS isolated from patients with AIDS and other LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. It infects and replicates in fresh and established lines of hematopoietic cells and cells of neural origin. It also appears to alter NK cell activity. HHV-6, (HBLV) antibodies are elevated in patients with AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and certain malignancies. HHV-6 is the cause of EXANTHEMA SUBITUM and has been implicated in encephalitis.
HHV_6
MSOntology:HIP
Gene:HS052198
Uniprot ID:Q96QV1
HHIP gene
HIP gene
HHIP
Hedgehog-interacting protein
The gene encodes a protein that modulates hedgehog signaling in several cell types including brain and lung through direct interaction with members of the hedgehog family.
HIP
MSOntology:HLA
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antigens, Human Leukocyte
Antigens, Immune-Response-Associated
Antigens, Leukocyte
C0019721
HLA - Human leukocyte antigen
Human Leukocyte Antigens
Human leucocyte antigen
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antigen
Human leukocyte antigen
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen
human lymphocyte antigen
Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.
HLA
MSOntology:HLA-C
Gene :HS081292
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3107
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PSORS1
C0019751
D6S204
HLA-C Gene
HLA-JY3
HLC-C
HLA-C belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from endoplasmic reticulum lumen.
HLA-C
MSOntology:HLA-DQA
Gene :HS085541
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1415570
HLA-DQA1 Gene
Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Alpha 1 Gene
This gene plays a role in antigen presentation and immunoregulation.
HLA-DQA
MSOntology:HLA-DQB_0603
Gene :HS089126
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=HLA-DQB%200603
CELIAC1
HLA-DQB
HLA-DQB1
IDDM1
HLA-DQB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs.It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins.
HLA-DQB_0603
MSOntology:HLA-DRB15
HLA-DRB15
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_1401
HLA-DRB1_1401
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_1501
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029819
The gene that encode a myelin-related antigen which play role in autoimmune reaction.
HLA-DRB1_1501
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_1503
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/181/8/5473.long
One of the gene variants of HLA-DRB1, that provide evidence for HLA-DRB1 as the primary susceptibility gene.
HLA-DRB1_1503
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_301
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3125
HLA-DRB3 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins.
HLA-DRB1_301
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_401
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3126
HLA-DRB4 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. . It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins.
HLA-DRB1_401
MSOntology:HLA-DRB1_801
HLA-DRB1_801
MSOntology:HTLV-1
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ATLV
Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma Virus I
Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Virus I
C0020094
HTLV 001
HTLV WI
HTLV-1
HTLV-1 - Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
HTLV-I
HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 001
Human T Cell Leukemia Virus I
Human T lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus I
Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus, type I
LEUKEMIA VIRUS I A HUMAN T CELL
Leukemia Lymphoma Virus I, Adult T Cell
Leukemia Virus I, Human T Cell
Leukemia Virus I, Human T-Cell
T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I HUMAN
T Cell Leukemia Virus I, Human
T-Cell Leukemia Virus I, Human
Virus-HTLV-I
human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
A type of virus that infects T cells (a type of white blood cell) and can cause leukemia and lymphoma. HTLV-1 is spread by sharing syringes or needles, through blood transfusions or sexual contact, and from mother to child during birth or breast-feeding.
HTLV-1
MSOntology:Haematology
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
HEMATOL
Hematologic
Hematology
A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with morphology, physiology, and pathology of the blood and blood-forming tissues.
Haematology
MSOntology:Hammilton_depression_scale
HAM-D
HRSD
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
A multiple choice questionnaire that clinicians may use to rate the severity of a patient's major depression.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Rating_Scale_for_Depression )
Hammilton depression scale
MSOntology:Haptoglobin
Gene :HS046323
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Aptoglobina
Aptoglobine
C0018595
Hp - Haptoglobin
Plasma glycoproteins that form a stable complex with hemoglobin to aid the recycling of heme iron. They are encoded in man by a gene on the short arm of chromosome 16.
Haptoglobin
MSOntology:Hearing_loss
MESH : D034381
MeSH:MDC003751
C1384666
Decreased hearing
Difficulty hearing
Hearing Impairment
Hearing Impairment
Hearing impaired
Hypoacuses
Hypoacusis
Loss, Hearing
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
(MeSH definition )
Hearing_loss
MSOntology:Heat_intolerance
http://www.msrc.co.uk/index.cfm/fuseaction/show/pageid/1708
The classic symptom of MS where a rise in temperature whether it’s internally or externally, may temporarily increase symptoms.
Heat_intolerance
MSOntology:Heel_Shin_Test
http://www.drugs.com/dict/heel-to-shin-test.html
heel to shin coordination test
heel-shin test
heel-to-knee-to-shin test
heel-to-shin maneuvers
heel-to-shin test
heel-to-shin touch
a test of lower limb coordination and position sense; the subject places the heel of one foot on the opposite knee and then slides it distally along the shin to the opposite ankle.
(Source: http://www.drugs.com/dict/heel-to-shin-test.html)
Heel to Shin Test
MSOntology:Helmintihic_infection
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Helminth+infection
The infection of the worm called helminth that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes.
Helmintihic infection
MSOntology:Hematopoictic_stem_cell
HSCs
haematopoietic stem cells
The multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types from the myeloid.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell )
MSOntology:Hemiparesis
The weakness on one side of the body.
(Source: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/hemiparesis )
Hemiparesis
MSOntology:Hemiplegia
MeSH:MDC001169
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0018991
Hemiplegias
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions, cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES, PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES, and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.
Hemiplegia
MSOntology:Herpes_virus
MESH :D006564
herpes simplex virus
Herpesviruses
Mouse Thymic Virus
Mouse Thymic Viruses
Murid herpesvirus 3
Thymic Virus, Mouse
Thymic Viruses, Mouse
herpesvirus 3, Murid
hymic Group Viruses
A family of enveloped, linear, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide variety of animals. Subfamilies, based on biological characteristics.
(MeSH definition )
Herpes virus
MSOntology:Hippocampus
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hippocampus
Ammon Horn
Ammons Horn
C0019564
Subiculum
A curved elevation in the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle; a functional component of the limbic system, its efferent projections form the fornix.
Hippocampus
MSOntology:Hispanics
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
American, Hispanic
Americans, Hispanic
Americans, Spanish
C0086409
Hispanic
Hispanic American
Hispanic Americans
Hispanic Populations
Hispanic or Latino
Hispanics
Hispanics or Latinos
Latino Population
Spanish American
Spanish Americans
Spanish Origin
A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. An arbitrary ethnic classification.
Hispanics
MSOntology:Histamine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine
5-Imidazoleethylamine
C0019588
Histamin
An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68006632 )
Histamine
MSOntology:Histological_pattern
Histology
The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histology )
Histological pattern classification
MSOntology:Hoffman_Sign
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann's_sign
Hoffmann-Tinel sign
Tinel Sign
Tinel's sign
A Hoffmann (or Tinel's sign) is a tingling sensation triggered by a mechanical stimulus in the distal part of an injured nerve. This sensation radiates peripherally, from the point where it is triggered to the cutaneous distribution of the nerve. The tingling response can be compared with that produced by a weak electric current, as in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). This unpleasant sensation is not a severe pain and does not persist.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann's_sign)
MSOntology:Homocysteine
MESH :D006710
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
2 amino 4 mercaptobutyric acid
2-amino-4-mercaptobutyric acid
AMINOMERCAPTOBUTYRIC ACID 0204
C0019878
Homocystein
Homocysteina
Homocysteine
Homocysteine
Homocysteine, L Isomer
Homocysteine, L-Isomer
L-Homocysteine
L-Isomer Homocysteine
A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.
Homocysteine
MSOntology:Human_herpes_virus_6
HBLV
HHV-6
HHV-6A
HHV-6B
C0019381
HHV 6
HPV6
Herpesvirus 6, Human
Herpesvirus type 6
herpes simplex virus type 6
human B lymphotropic virus
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a set of two closely related herpes viruses known as HHV-6A and HHV-6B that infect nearly all human beings, typically before the age of two. The acquisition of HHV-6 in infancy is often symptomatic, resulting in childhood fever, diarrhea, and exanthem subitum rash (commonly known as roseola). Although rare, this initial infection can also cause febrile seizures, encephalitis or intractable seizures.
Like the other herpesviruses—Epstein Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, etc—HHV-6 establishes life-long latency and can become reactivated later in life. This reactivation has been associated with many clinical manifestations that can be seen in the “Associated Conditions” section of this site. Reactivation can occur in locations throughout the body, including the brain, lungs, heart, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, HHV-6 reactivation in the brain tissue can cause cognitive dysfunction, permanent disability and death.
A growing number of studies also suggest that HHV-6 may play a role in a subset of patients with chronic neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, status epilepticus and chronic fatigue syndrome. There is an urgent need for more studies that can prove or disprove the important disease associations that have been suggested.
(Source: http://www.hhv-6foundation.org/what-is-hhv-6)
Human herpes virus 6
MSOntology:Human_immunodeficiency_virus
MeSH:MDC002942
HIV
HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. CDC estimates that about 56,000 people in the United States contracted HIV in 2006.
HIV damages a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases.
(Source: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/definitions.htm)
Human immunodeficiency virus
MSOntology:Hydroxyindoleacetic_Acid
MESH :D006897
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
1H-Indole-3-acetic acid, 5-hydroxy-
5 Hydroxy 3 Indoleacetic Acid
5 Hydroxyindolamine Acetic Acid
Acid, 5-Hydroxy-3-Indoleacetic
Acid, 5-Hydroxyindolamine Acetic
Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic
C0020361
HIAA - Hydroxyindole acetic acid
A breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin is a hormone found at high levels in many body tissues. Serotonin and 5HIAA are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors.
Hydroxyindoleacetic_Acid
MSOntology:Hypothalamus
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Hypothalamic structure
The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
Hypothalamus
MSOntology:ICAM-1
MESH : D018799
Antigen, CD54
Antigens, CD54
CD54 Antigen
CD54 Antigens
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.
(MeSH definition )
ICAM-1
MSOntology:ICAM1
Gene :HS046447
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ICAM1 gene
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD54), Human Rhinovirus Receptor Gene
This gene is involved in mediating integrin-binding interactions that result in cellular adhesion.
ICAM1
MSOntology:IFI44
Gene :HS039879
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TCB0
MTAP44
MTAP44 protein
hepatitis C-associated microtubular aggregate protein p44
interferon-induced protein 44 protein
p44
The gene that encodes a protein that aggregates to form microtubular structures.
IFI44
MSOntology:IFI6
Gene :HS038144
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFI6
G1P3 gene
IFI6 gene
Ifi-6-16
Interferon alpha-inducible protein 6
Interferon-induced protein 6-16
The gene encodes protein that may play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis.
IFI6
MSOntology:IFIT1
Gene :HS046648
Gene ID: 3434
G10P1
IFI-56
C56
IFI-56K
IFI56
IFIT-1
IFNAI1
ISG56
P56
RNM561
This gene encodes a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats that was originally identified as induced upon treatment with interferon. The encoded protein may inhibit viral replication and translational initiation.
IFIT1
MSOntology:IFIT2
Gene :HS046647
Uniprot :P09913
IFI-54
IFI-54K
IFIT-2
ISG-54 K
ISG54
cig42
G10P2
GARG-39
IFI54
ISG-54K
P54
This gene encodes IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits expression of viral messenger RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap. The ribose 2'-O-methylation would provide a molecular signature to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs by the host during viral infection. Viruses evolved several ways to evade this restriction system such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). Can promote apoptosis.
IFIT2
MSOntology:IFIT3
Gene :HS046659
Uniprot :O14879
IRG2
ISG60
CIG-49
GARG-49
IFI60
IFIT4
P60
RIG-G
This gene encodes IFN-induced antiviral protein which acts as an inhibitor of cellular as well as viral processes, cell migration, proliferation, signaling, and viral replication.
IFIT3
MSOntology:IFITM1
Gene :HS055350
Uniprot ID:P13164
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
IFITM1 gene
IFI17 gene
CD225
CD225 gene
DSPA2a
Dispanin subfamily A member 2a
IFITM1
INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN 17
INTERFERON-INDUCED TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 1
Interferon-induced protein 17
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1
Interferon-inducible protein 9-27
LEU13
Leu-13 antigen
The gene encodes a IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol.
IFITM1
MSOntology:IFITM3
Gene :HS039756
Uniprot ID:Q01628
IFITM3 gene
DSPA2b
Dispanin subfamily A member 2b
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3
Interferon-inducible protein 1-8U
The gene encodes a IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol.
IFITM3
MSOntology:IFNAR1
Gene :HS046687
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. The encoded protein also functions as an antiviral factor.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR1 )
IFNAR1
MSOntology:IFNAR2
Gene :HS046688
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR2 )
IFNAR2
MSOntology:IFNG
Gene :HS046694
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1334085
IFNG gene
Interferon, Gamma Gene
This gene plays a role in signal transduction and immunoregulation. It is also involved in cell communication, migration, growth and proliferation.
IFNG
MSOntology:IFNGR1
Gene :HS046696
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1334083
IFNGR1 gene
Interferon Gamma Receptor 1 Gene
This gene is involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction in the interferon gamma signaling pathway.
IFNGR1
MSOntology:IFNGR2
Gene :HS046698
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1334084
IFNGR2 gene
Interferon Gamma Receptor 2 (Interferon Gamma Transducer 1) Gene
This gene is involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction in the interferon gamma signaling pathway and mediates innate immune responses.
IFNGR2
MSOntology:IIIrd
IIIrd
MSOntology:IL-1
MESH : D007375
C0021755
IL 001
IL 01
IL-1
IL1
IL1 (Interleukine 1)
IL1B
INTERLEUKIN 001
INTERLEUKIN A 01
Interleukin 1
Interleukin I
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-1
LAF
LAF (Lymphocyte-Activating Factor)
Lymphocyte Activating Factor
Lymphocyte-Activating Factor
Lymphocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Macrophage Cell Factor
T Helper Factor
A soluble factor produced by monocytes,macrophages and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68007375 )
_IL-1
MSOntology:IL-10
MESH : D016753
Interleukin-10
A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-lymphocytes,monocytes,dendritic cells and epithelial cells that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and inflammation. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68016753 )
MSOntology:IL-12
MESH : D018664
Interleukin-12
A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by dendritic cells,macrophages and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of interferon-gamma production by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68018664 )
_IL-12
MSOntology:IL-13
MESH : D018793
IL 13
IL13
Interleukin-13
A cytokine synthesized by T-lymphocytes that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-lymphocytes. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68018793 )
IL-13
MSOntology:IL-15
MESH : D019409
C0254610
IL 15
IL-15
IL15
IL15 Protein
INTERLEUKIN 015
INTERLEUKIN A 15
Interleukin 15
Interleukin-15
Interleukin-15 Precursor
Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and shares biological activities with IL-2. IL-15 also can induce proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes.
(MeSH definition)
IL-15
MSOntology:IL-17A
MESH : D020381
C0384648
CTLA-8
CTLA8
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 8
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Serine Esterase 8
IL 017
IL 17
IL-17
IL-17A
IL17
IL17 Protein
IL17A
INTERLEUKIN 017
INTERLEUKIN A 17
Interleukin 17
Interleukin 17 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Serine Esterase 8)
Interleukin 17 Precursor
Interleukin-17
A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-lymphocytes or their precursors. Several subtypes of interleukin-17 have been identified, each of which is a product of a unique gene.
(MeSH definition )
IL-17A
MSOntology:IL-18
MESH : D020382
C0383327
Factor IFN-gamma-Inductor
IFN gamma Inducing Factor
IFN-gamma Inducing Factor
IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor
IGIF
IL 018
IL 18
IL-1 Gamma
IL-18
IL18
IL18 Protein
INTERLEUKIN 018
INTERLEUKIN A 18
Inducing Factor, IFN-gamma
Inducing Factor, Interferon-gamma
Interferon gamma Inducing Factor
Interferon-gamma Inducing Factor
Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor
Interleukin 18
Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)
Interleukin 18 Proprotein
Interleukin-1 Gamma
Interleukin-18 Precursor
A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:IL-1ra
Gene :HS046860
Uniprot ID:P18510
IL1F3 gene
IL1RN gene
ICIL-1RA
IL-1RN
IL1 inhibitor
IL1RA gene
INN=Anakinra
IRAP
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein
The protein that inhibits the activity of interleukin-1 by binding to receptor IL1R1 and preventing its association with the coreceptor IL1RAP for signaling.
IL-1ra
MSOntology:IL-2
MESH : D007376
C0021756
IL 002
INTERLEUKIN 002
INTERLEUKIN A 02
Interleukin 2
Interleukin 2 Precursor
Interleukin II
Interleukin-2
Interleukin-2
Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor
Lymphocyte blastogenic factor
Lymphocyte mitogenic factor
T Cell Stimulating Factor
T-Cell Growth Factor
T-Cell Stimulating Factor
T-stimulating factor
TCGF
A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocytes which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.
(MeSH definition )
IL-2
MSOntology:IL-23
MESH : D053759
C0963088
IL 023
IL-23
IL23
INTERLEUKIN 023
Interleukin 23
Interleukin-23
A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-23 is comprised of a unique 19 kDa subunit and 40 kDa subunit that is shared with interleukin-12. It is produced by dendritic cells macrophages and a variety of other immune cells.
(MeSH Definition )
IL-23
MSOntology:IL-3
MESH : D007377
A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes.epithelial cells and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.
(MeSH definition )
IL-3
MSOntology:IL-4
MESH : D015847
A soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that induces the expression of MHC class II genes and FC receptors on B-lymphocytes and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cells, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:IL-5
MESH : D015848
A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of eosinophils. It also triggers activated B-lymphocytes to differentiate into immunoglobin-secreting cells.
(MeSH definition )
IL-5
MSOntology:IL-6
MESH : D015850
C0021760
A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-lymphocytes and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-lymphocytes,monocytes and fibroblasts.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:IL10
Gene :HS046884
MESH : D016753
CSIF-10
Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor
IL-10
Interleukin 10
Interleukin-10
A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-lymphocytes, monocytes,dendritic cells and epithelial cells that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and inflammation. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.
(MeSH definition )
IL10
MSOntology:IL12
MESH : D018664
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Maturation Factor
Edodekin Alfa
IL-12
IL-12 p70
IL12
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12 p70
Interleukin-12
Interleukin-12 p70
Natural Killer Cell Stimulatory Factor
p70, Interleukin-12
A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by dendritic cells,macrophages and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of interferon-gamma production by T-lymphocytes and natual killer cells.
(MeSH definition)
IL12
MSOntology:IL12A
Gene :HS046889
MESH : C508858
IL12A gene
Interleukin 12A (Natural Killer Cell Stimulatory Factor 1, Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Maturation Factor 1, P35) Gene
This gene encodes a subunit of a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL12A )
IL12A
MSOntology:IL13
Gene :HS046893
MESH :D018793
IL13 gene
Interleukin 13 Gene
Interleukin-13
A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
(MeSH definition )
IL13
MSOntology:IL1A
Gene :HS046857
MESH :C508584
C0600251
Hematopoietin 1
Hematopoietin 1
IL-1 alpha
Interleukin 1 alpha
Interleukin 1alpha
Interleukin-1 alpha
Interleukin-1 alpha
Interleukin-1alpha
Preinterleukin 1 Alpha
hematopoetin-1
interleukin-1-alpha
An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68053582 )
IL1A
MSOntology:IL1B
Gene:HS046858
MESH :C508585
Catabolin
IL-1 beta
Interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin 1beta
Interleukin-1 beta
An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68053583 )
IL1B
MSOntology:IL23R
Gene :HS042019
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL23R
IL-23 receptor
interleukin 23 receptor
interleukin-23 receptor
A type I cytokine receptor. This is a subunit of the receptor for IL23A/IL23. This protein pairs with the receptor molecule IL12RB1/IL12Rbeta1, and both are required for IL23A signaling.
IL23R
MSOntology:IL2RA
Gene :HS046863
Antigen, CD25
Antigens, CD25
CD25 Antigen
CD25 Antigens
IL 2Ralpha
IL-2Ralpha
Interleukin 2 Receptor alpha
Interleukin 2 Receptor alpha Chain
Interleukin 2 Receptors alpha
Interleukin 2Ralpha
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Chain
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
Interleukin-2 Receptors alpha
Interleukin-2Ralpha
Receptor alpha, Interleukin-2
Receptors alpha, Interleukin-2
Tac P55 Peptide
alpha-subunit, Receptor, Interleukin-2
A low affinity interleukin-2 receptor subunit that combines with the interleukin-2 receptor beta subunit and the interleukin receptor common gamma-chain to form a high affinity receptor for interleukin-2.
(MeSH definition )
IL2RA
MSOntology:IL3
Gene :HS046867
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_3
IL-3 gene encodes a cytokine that stimulates the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into lymphoid progenitor cells or, with the addition of IL-7, into myeloid progenitor cells.
IL3
MSOntology:IL4
Gene :HS046869
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_4
Interleukin-4
The gene encodes a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells.
IL4
MSOntology:IL4R
Gene :HS046870
B Cell Activating Factor Receptor
B Cell-Activating Factor Receptor
IL 4 Receptor
IL 4 Receptors
IL-4 Receptor
IL-4 Receptors
IL4 Receptor
IL4 Receptors
IL4R gene
Interleukin 4 Receptor
Interleukin 4 Receptor Gene
Interleukin 4 Receptors
Interleukin-4 Receptors
Receptor, B Cell Activating Factor
Receptor, B Cell-Activating Factor
Receptor, IL-4
Receptor, IL4
Receptor, Interleukin 4
Receptors, IL 4
Receptors, IL-4
Receptors, IL4
Receptors, Interleukin 4
Receptors, Interleukin-4
Receptors present on a wide variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types that are specific for interleukin-4. They are involved in signaling a variety of immunological responses related to allergic inflammation including the differentiation of TH2 cells and the regulation of immunoglobulin E production.
(MeSH definition)
IL4R
MSOntology:IL5
Gene :HS046871
MESH :D015848
B Cell Growth Factor II
B-Cell Growth Factor-II
BCGF-II
Differentiation Factor, Eosinophil
Eosinophil Differentiation Factor
IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin-5
Replacing Factor, T-Cell
T Cell Replacing Factor
T-Cell Replacing Factor
T-Cell-Replacing Factor
A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of eosinophils. It also triggers activated B-lymphocytes to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells.
(MeSH definition)
IL5
MSOntology:IL6
Gene :HS046873
B Cell Differentiation Factor
B Cell Differentiation Factor 2
B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2
B Cell Stimulatory Factor-2
B-Cell Differentiation Factor
B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2
B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 2
B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2
BSF-2
Differentiation Factor 2, B Cell
Differentiation Factor, B Cell
Differentiation Factor, B-Cell
Differentiation Factor-2, B-Cell
Differentiation-Inducing Protein, Myeloid
Growth Factor, Hybridoma
Growth Factor, Plasmacytoma
Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor
Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor
Hybridoma Growth Factor
IFN-beta 2
IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6
MGI-2
Myeloid Differentiation Inducing Protein
Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein
Plasmacytoma Growth Factor
A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-lymphocytes and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas.
(MeSH definition )
IL6
MSOntology:IL7
Gene :HS046876
C1334124
IL7 gene
Interleukin 7 Gene
Lymphopoietin 1
Lymphopoietin-1
A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-lymphocyte precursors and is co-mitogenic with interleukin-2 for mature T-lymphocyte activation.
(MeSH definition )
IL7
MSOntology:IL7R
Gene :HS081900
IL 7 Receptor
IL 7 Receptors
IL-7 Receptor
IL-7 Receptors
IL7 Receptor
IL7 Receptors
Interleukin 7 Receptor
Interleukin 7 Receptors
Interleukin-7 Receptors
Receptor, IL-7
Receptor, Interleukin 7
Receptors, IL 7
Receptors, IL-7
Receptors, IL7
Receptors, Interleukin 7
Cell surface receptors that are specific for interleukin-7. They are present on T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocyte precursors.
(MeSH definition )
IL7R
MSOntology:IL8
Gene :HS081901
AMCF-I
Alveolar Macrophage Chemotactic Factor I
Alveolar Macrophage Chemotactic Factor-I
Anionic Neutrophil Activating Peptide
Anionic Neutrophil-Activating Peptide
CXCL8 Chemokine
CXCL8 Chemokines
CXCL8, Chemokine
Chemokine CXCL8
Chemokine, CXCL8
Chemokines, CXCL8
Chemotactic Factor, Macrophage Derived
Chemotactic Factor, Macrophage-Derived
Chemotactic Factor, Neutrophil
Chemotactic Factor, Neutrophil, Monocyte-Derived
Chemotactic Peptide-Interleukin-8, Granulocyte
Granulocyte Chemotactic Peptide Interleukin 8
Granulocyte Chemotactic Peptide-Interleukin-8
IL-8
IL8 gene
Interleukin 8 Gene
Interleukin-8
Lymphocyte-Derived Neutrophil-Activating Peptide
Macrophage-Derived Chemotactic Factor
Monocyte-Derived Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor
Monocyte-Derived Neutrophil-Activating Peptide
Neutrophil Activating Peptide, Lymphocyte Derived
Neutrophil Activating Peptide, Monocyte Derived
Neutrophil Activation Factor
Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor
Neutrophil-Activating Peptide, Anionic
Neutrophil-Activating Peptide, Lymphocyte-Derived
Neutrophil-Activating Peptide, Monocyte-Derived
Peptide, Anionic Neutrophil-Activating
A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response.
(MeSH definition )
IL8
MSOntology:IL9
Gene :HS046880
C1334127
IL-9
IL9 gene
Interleukin 9
Interleukin 9 Gene
Interleukin-9
P40 T Cell Growth Factor
P40 T-Cell Growth Factor
T Cell Growth Factor P40
T-Cell Growth Factor P40
A multifunctional cytokine secreted by primarily by activated TH2 cells that may play a role as a regulator of allergic inflammation. It has been shown to enhance the growth and cell differentiation of mast cells, and can act on a variety of other immune cells.
(MeSH definition )
IL9
MSOntology:IRF1
Gene :HS046952
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1366516
IRF1 gene
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Gene
This gene plays a role in the transcriptional activation of target genes. It is also involved in promoting apoptosis.
IRF1
MSOntology:IRF2
Gene :HS046954
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1334138
IRF2
IRF2 gene
Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Gene
This gene is involved in the repression of IRF1-activated transcription. It also plays a role in the transcriptional activation of target genes.
IRF2
MSOntology:IRF4
Gene :HS046956
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0812314
IRF4 gene
Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Gene
MULTIPLE MYELOMA ONCOGENE 1
This gene is involved in the regulation of B-cell differentiation and proliferation. It also plays a role in mediating the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated T cells.
IRF4
MSOntology:IRF8
Gene :HS046499
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=IRF8
ICS binding protein
IFN consensus sequence binding protein
IRF-8
IRF-8 protein
IRF8 protein
Icsbp1 protein
interferon consensus sequence binding protein
interferon consensus sequence binding protein 1
interferon regulatory factor 8
The gene encodes interferon gamma-regulated protein that binds the interferon-inducible enhancer element of major histocompatibility complex class I genes.
IRF8
MSOntology:ISG15
Gene :HS056665
Uniprot ID:P05161
G1P2 protein
IFN-stimulated gene 15 protein
IP17
Interferon-induced 17 kDa protein
Interferon-stimulated 15-KDa protein
UCRP protein
Ubiquitin cross-reactive protein
hUCRP
interferon, alpha-inducible protein (clone IFI-15K)
interferon-induced 17-kDa/15-kDa protein
ubiquitin cross-reactive protein
Ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to intracellular target proteins after IFN-alpha or IFN-beta stimulation. Its enzymatic pathway is partially distinct from that of ubiquitin, differing in substrate specificity and interaction with ligating enzymes.
ISG15
MSOntology:ITGA4
Gene :HS046968
GeneID :3676
CD49D
IA4
ITGA4 integrin, alpha 4
antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor
integrin, alpha 4
The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an alpha 4 chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage.
ITGA4
MSOntology:IVth
IVth
MSOntology:Igfbp-3
Gene :HS046760
Uniprot ID: P17936
IBP3 gene
IBP-3
IGF-binding protein 3
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs.
Igfbp-3
MSOntology:Igfbp3r
Gene :HS047755
Uniprot ID:Q86XT9
IGFBP-3R
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 receptor
TMEM219
Transmembrane protein 219
Cell death receptor specific for IGFBP3, may mediate caspase-8-dependent apoptosis upon ligand binding.
Igfbp3r
MSOntology:Image_based_biomarkers
MRI based bio markers
Image based biomarkers
Imaging biomarker
imaging biomarker
imaging biomarkers
molecular imaging biomarker
molecular imaging biomarkers
neuroimaging biomarker
neuroimaging biomarkers
The biologic feature detectable by imaging modalities.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_biomarker )
Image based biomarker
MSOntology:Immunoglobulin_G_Oligoclonal_Banding
OCB
OCGB
D043025@MESH
Immunoglobulin G oligoclonal banding
MSOntology:Immunoglobulin_M_oligoclonal_binding
OCB
OCMB
Cerebrospinal fluid immunofixation
CSF oligoclonal banding is a test to look for inflammation-related proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the clear fluid that flows in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain.
Oligoclonal bands are proteins called immunoglobulins, which suggest inflammation of the central nervous system. The presence of oligoclonal bands may be a sign of multiple sclerosis
(Source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003631.htm)
Immunoglobulin M oligoclonal banding
MSOntology:Immunoglobulin_index
CSF Immunoglobulin (IgG) Index
CSF Immunoglobulin G index
IgG Index
Increased levels of CSF IgG can be due to excess production of IgG within the central nervous system, which is seen with multiple sclerosis and several other diseases, or they can be due to leakage of plasma proteins into the CSF, such as might occur with inflammation or trauma. To discriminate between these two possibilities, the IgG index is calculated from IgG and albumin measurements performed in CSF and serum. The calculation usually takes the following form:
IgG index = [IgG (CSF) / IgG (serum)] / [Albumin (CSF) /Albumin (serum)]
An elevated IgG index indicates increased production of IgG within the central nervous system. It is found in about 90% of MS cases.
(Source:http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/multiplesclerosis/start/2)
The authors of this index are Link and Tibbling, 1977,
in Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1977 Sep;37(5):397-401
Immunoglobulin index
MSOntology:Impaired_Planning_Skills
Impaired_Planning_Skills
MSOntology:Impotency
A sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual performance.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impotency )
Impotency
MSOntology:In_vitro_model_of_blood_brain_barrier
Acta Neurobiol Exp 2011, 71: 113–128
The model which mimic the best way the in vivo anatomical conditions of the blood brain barrier.
In vitro model of blood brain barrier
MSOntology:Incapacity_Status_Scale
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309072859&page=201
A MS-Specific Measure of Physical and Social Functioning which is a 16-item scale that measure disability.This is a component of Minimum Record of Disability.
Incapacity_Status_Scale
MSOntology:Incontinence
MDC000927
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Absence of bladder continence
Bladder incontinence
C0042024
Incontinence of urine
Involuntary urination
Lack of bladder control
Leaking of urine
Loss of bladder control
Unable to control bladder
Unable to hold fluids
Unable to hold urine
Unable to prevent bladder emptying
Unspecified urinary incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
Weak bladder
Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder.
Incontinence
MSOntology:Infection
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0021311
COMMUNICABLE DIS
Communicable Disease
Communicable Diseases
Contagious disease
Disease due to infection
Disease, Communicable
Disease, Infectious
Diseases, Communicable
Diseases, Infectious
Disorder due to infection
INFECT
INFECT DIS
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
Infection
Infections
Infectious
Infectious Disease
Infectious Disease Pathway
Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases and Manifestations
Infectious Disorder
Infectious disease
Infective disorder
Transmissible disease
Transmissible disease
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.
_Infection
MSOntology:Inferior_Cerebellar_Peduncle
A thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle )
Inferior_Cerebellar_Peduncle
MSOntology:Inflammatory_demyelination
Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Roberto Bomprezzi, Denise Campagnolo
Some disorders are caused by immune cells that penetrate the blood-brain barrier and induce an inflammatory reaction. Localization of this reaction inside CNS is responsible for the demyelination.
Inflammatory demyelination
MSOntology:Infratentorial
http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=785368
Infratentorial lesions are related to long-term prognosis for patients with initial findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis and thus may help to identify patients at high risk for earlier occurrence of clinically relevant disability.
MSOntology:Inhibitors_of_remyelination
Scientific Reference: Adv Stud Med. 2005;5(4D):S397-S403
The factors that inhibit the remyelination of axons (via the regeneration of new oligodendrocytes ) that makes axon remain permanently remain demyelinated.
(Scientific Reference: Adv Stud Med. 2005;5(4D):S397-S403)
Inhibitors of remyelination
MSOntology:Inhibitory
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter that acts to prevent a neuron from firing an action potential.
(Source: http://www.termwiki.com/EN:inhibitory_neurotransmitter )
Inhibitory
MSOntology:Inos
INOS protein
inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
The inducible isoform of NOS, iNOS is involved in immune response, binds calmodulin at all physiologically relevant concentrations, and produces large amounts of NO as a defense mechanism. It is the proximate cause of septic shock and may play a role in many diseases with an autoimmune etiology.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase )
Inos
MSOntology:Insula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex
C0021640
Central Lobe
Insular Region of the Brain
Insular cortex
A portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus, that is believed to be involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis.
Insula
MSOntology:Interferon_Alpha
2, Interferon-alpha
D, Leif
IFN alpha D
IFN alpha5
IFN-alpha 2
IFN-alpha D
IFN-alpha-2
IFN-alpha5
Interferon Alfa
Interferon alpha
Interferon alpha 1
Interferon alpha 17
Interferon alpha 2
Interferon alpha 4
Interferon alpha 5
Interferon alpha 7
Interferon alpha 88
Interferon alpha A
Interferon alpha J
Interferon alpha T
Interferon alpha-1
Interferon alpha-17
Interferon alpha-2
Interferon alpha-4
Interferon alpha-5
Interferon alpha-7
Interferon alpha-88
Interferon alpha-A
Interferon alpha-J
Interferon alpha-T
Interferon alpha4
Interferon alpha5
Interferon, Leukocyte
Interferon, Lymphoblast
Interferon, Lymphoblastoid
Interferon, alpha
Interferon-alpha 2
LeIF A
LeIF I
LeIF J
Leif D
Leukocyte Interferon
Lymphoblast Interferon
Lymphoblastoid Interferon
alpha Interferon
alpha-Interferon
One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates natural killer cells and B-lymphocytes, and down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression through PI-3 kinase and MAPK kinases signaling pathways.
(MeSH definition )
One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates natural killer cells and B-lymphocytes, and down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression through PI-3 kinase and MAPK kinases signaling pathways.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68016898 )
MSOntology:Interferon_Beta
MESH : D016899
One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity.
(MeSH definition )
Interferon_Beta
MSOntology:Interferon_Beta_1a
Avonex
Biogen brand of Interferon beta 1a
Rebif
Serono brand of interferon beta 1a
interferon beta-1a
An interferon beta-1 subtype that has methionine at position 1 and cysteine at 17 and is glycosylated at position 80.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Interferon_Beta_1b
Bayer brand of recombinant interferon beta-1b
Beta-Seron
Betaferon
Betaseron
Extavia
IFN-beta ser
Novartis pharmaceuticals brand of recombinant interferon beta-1b
Ser(17) IFN-beta
beta-IFN-1b
interferon beta, Ser(17)-
interferon beta, serine(17)-
serine(17) interferon beta
A form of interfereon beta-1 that has a serine at position 17 and is not glycosylated.
(Source: MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Interferon_alpha
IFN-α
C0002199
IFN-alpha
Interferon, Lymphoblast
Interferon, Lymphoblastoid
alpha Interferon
The IFN-α proteins are produced by leukocytes. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_alpha#IFN-.CE.B1 )
Interferon_alpha
MSOntology:Interferon_gamma
Gene :HS046694
MESH : D007371
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigensin cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune diseases.
(MeSH definition )
Interferon gamma
Interferon_gamma
MSOntology:Interleukin
MESH: D007378
C0021764
IL
Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin
MSOntology:Interleukin_1
MESH : D007375
C0021753
C0021755
Catabolin
IL - 1
A soluble factor produced by monocytes,macrophages and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68007375 )
_Interleukin_1
MSOntology:Interleukin_11
MESH :D017370
Adipogenesis Inhibitory Factor
C0083031
IL - 11
A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of erythroid precursor cells. It induces maturation of megakaryocytes which results in increased production of blood platelets. Interleukin-11 was also initially described as an inhibitor of adipogenesis of cultured preadipocytes.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_11
MSOntology:Interleukin_12
MESH : D018664
C0123759
CLMF
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Maturation Factor
IL - 12
A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by dendritic cells,macrophages and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of interferon-gamma production by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68018664 )
_Interleukin_12
MSOntology:Interleukin_15
MESH :D019409
C0254610
IL 15
MGC9721
Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and shares biological activities with IL-2. IL-15 also can induce proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_15
MSOntology:Interleukin_16
MESH :D019410
C0065337
Chemoattractant Factor, Lymphocyte
Fator LCF
IL-16
A cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_16
MSOntology:Interleukin_18
MESH :D020382
C0383327
Factor IFN-gamma-Inductor
IFN gamma Inducing Factor
IL-18
A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_18
MSOntology:Interleukin_7
MESH :D015851
C0021761
IL - 7
A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-lymphocyte precursors and is co-mitogenic with interleukin-2 for mature T-lymphocyte activation.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_7
MSOntology:Interleukin_8
MESH : D016209
AMCF-I
Alveolar Macrophage Chemotactic Factor I
C0079633
CXCL8 Chemokine
Chemokin CXCL8
IL-8
A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces chemotaxis of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68016209 )
_Interleukin_8
MSOntology:Interleukin_9
MESH : D016906
C0085424
IL-9
P40 T Cell Growth Factor
A multifunctional cytokine secreted by primarily by activated TH2 cells that may play a role as a regulator of allergic inflammation. It has been shown to enhance the growth and cell differentiation of mast cells, and can act on a variety of other immune cells.
(MeSH definition)
Interleukin_9
MSOntology:Intermittent_urinary_catherization
Catheterization, Intermittent Urethral
Catheterizations, Intermittent Urethral
Clean Intermittent Catheterization
Intermittent Urethral Catheterizations
Self-Catheterization, Urethral
Self-Catheterizations, Urethral
Urethral Catheterization, Intermittent
Urethral Catheterizations, Intermittent
Urethral Self Catheterization
Urethral Self-Catheterization
Urethral Self-Catheterizations
Insertion of a catheter into the urethra to drain the urine from the bladder at intervals as needed.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Intermittent%20urinary%20catherization )
Intermittent urinary catherization
MSOntology:Internal_Capsule
An area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the globus pallidus.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_capsule )
Internal_Capsule
MSOntology:Internuclear_Ophthalmoplegia
MESH : D015835
MeSH:MDC002975
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome
Brown's Tendon Sheath Syndrome
Conjugate Gaze Spasm
Conjugate Gaze Spasms
Convergence Excess
Convergence Excesses
Convergence Insufficiencies
Convergence Insufficiency
Cyclophoria
Cyclophorias
Deficiencies, Smooth Pursuit
Deficiency, Smooth Pursuit
Deviation, Skew
Deviations, Skew
Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal Ocular
Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal Ocular
Excess, Convergence
Eye Motility Disorder
Eye Motility Disorders
Eye Movement Disorder
Eye Movement Disorders
Gaze Spasms, Conjugate
INO
Insufficiencies, Convergence
Insufficiency, Convergence
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegias
Ocular Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal
Ocular Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal
Ocular Motility Disorder
Ocular Torticollis
Ophthalmoplegia, Internuclear
Ophthalmoplegias, Internuclear
Opsoclonus
Parinaud Syndrome
Parinaud syndrome
Parinaud's Syndrome
Parinauds Syndrome
Paroxysmal Ocular Dyskinesia
Paroxysmal Ocular Dyskinesias
Pseudoophthalmoplegia
Pseudoophthalmoplegias
Pursuit Deficiencies, Smooth
Pursuit Deficiency, Smooth
Skew Deviation
Skew Deviations
Smooth Pursuit Deficiencies
Smooth Pursuit Deficiency
Spasm of Conjugate Gaze
Syndrome, Brown's Tendon Sheath
Syndrome, Parinaud's
Tendon Sheath Syndrome of Brown
Webino syndrome
Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease.
(MeSH definition )
Internuclear_Ophthalmoplegia
MSOntology:Intrathecam_baclofen
http://professional.medtronic.com/pt/neuro/itb/index.htm#.UJp9zsV1wsg
This therapy is indicated for use in the management of severe spasticity.
MSOntology:Intravenous_gammaglobulin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_globulin
IVIG
Gamma globulin injections that are usually given in an attempt to temporarily boost a patient's immunity against disease.
Intravenous gammaglobulin
MSOntology:Invitro_Model
http://www.bat-science.com/groupms/sites/BAT_7AWFH3.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO88UEEW?opendocument&SKN=1
http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-understanding-of-neurodegenerative-diseases/modelling-multiple-sclerosis-in-vitro-and-the-influence-of-activated-macrophages
The model that is developed to create physiologically relevant screening tools that will help us to understand and investigate the mechanisms of the disease.
Invitro Model
MSOntology:Invivo_microscopy
In vivo microscopy technologies enable physicians to detect pathology by visualizing tissue through innovative tomographic methods. In vivo microscopy techniques provide additional data beyond that obtainable by histological methods, including volumetric data and time/flow data.
(Source: http://www.cap.org/apps/cap.portal?_nfpb=true&cntvwrPtlt_actionOverride=%2Fportlets%2FcontentViewer%2Fshow&_windowLabel=cntvwrPtlt&cntvwrPtlt%7BactionForm.contentReference%7D=committees%2Ftechnology%2Fin_vivo.html&_state=maximized&_pageLabel=cntvwr )
Invivo microscopy
MSOntology:Invivo_model
Animal model
A living, non-human animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease without the added risk of harming an actual human being during the process.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_model )
Invivo model
MSOntology:Ion_channel_redistribution
Scientific Reference: PMID: 9777734
The process of re-directing and stabilizing the ion channels at the required sites since myelination effectively isolates electrically most of the axolemma and dramatically alters the pathways for current flow that are required for rapid, reliable, and efficient conduction.
(Scientific Reference: PMID: 9777734)
Ion channel redistribution
MSOntology:Iron
MESH :D007501
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0302583
Fe
Fe - Iron
ferric ion
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS, CYTOCHROMES, and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Iron
MSOntology:Isoniazid
Drug :DBA000943
Phthivazide
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, hydrazide
C0022209
Ftivazide
Hydrazide, Isonicotinic Acid
Isonex
Isoniazide
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide
Tubazide
Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.
(MeSH disease )
MSOntology:Itching
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Irritating sensation
Pruritis
Skin irritation
dermatitis pruriginosa
Itching
MSOntology:JAG1
Gene :HS042760
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1416525
JAG1 Gene
Jagged 1 (Alagille Syndrome) Gene
This gene may be involved in hematopoiesis.
JAG1
MSOntology:JC_virus
JCV
John Cunningham virus
A polyomavirus that causes widespread infection in childhood and remains latent in the host; it is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencepahalopathy.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/JC+virus )
JC virus
MSOntology:Juxtacortical
AJNR 1999 20: 1956-1962
The juxtacortical lesions displayed only on fast FLAIR images had a distinctive appearance, suggestive of small areas of perivascular inflammation.
MSOntology:KIF21B
Gene :HS043705
GeneID :23046
KIF21B kinesin family member 21B
kinesin family member 21B
This gene encodes a member of the kinesin superfamily. Kinesins are ATP-dependent microtubule-based motor proteins that are involved in the intracellular transport of membranous organelles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis.
KIF21B
MSOntology:KIR4.1
MESH :C489455
The inwardly rectifying K+ channels.
(Scientific Reference: The Journal of Neuroscience, 1 August 2001, 21(15): 5429-5438;)
KIR4.1
MSOntology:KIR_4.1
KIR 4.1
MSOntology:Kallikrein-1
Gene :HS047189
Uniprot ID:P06870
KLK1 gene
Kidney/pancreas/salivary gland kallikrein
Tissue kallikrein
Glandular kallikreins cleave Met-Lys and Arg-Ser bonds in kininogen to release Lys-bradykinin.
Kallikrein-1
MSOntology:Kallikrein-6
Gene :HS050768
Uniprot ID:Q92876
KLK6 gene
PRSS9 gene
Neurosin
PRSS18 gene
Protease M
SP59
Serine protease 18
Serine protease 9
Zyme
The protein that degrades alpha-synuclein and prevents its polymerization, indicating that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies. May be involved in regulation of axon outgrowth following spinal cord injury.
Kallikrein-6
MSOntology:Kinurenin
MESH :D007737
(+-)-Kynurenine
(+/-)-Kynurenine
(1)-alpha,2-Diamino-gamma-oxobenzenebutyric acid, sulphate (1:1)
13441-51-5
2-Amino-3-(2-aminobenzoyl)propionic acid
2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutyric acid
2126-91-2
3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine
3-Anthraniloylalanine
3-anthraniloyl-alanine
343-65-7
61250_ALDRICH
61250_FLUKA
AC1L1A5N
AC1Q1HCC
AD0899CA-9379-461E-BD7D-45908947C589
AG-L-66674
AKOS015894416
AR-1F1984
Alanine, 3-anthraniloyl-
Alanine, 3-anthraniloyl- (8CI)
Alanine, 3-anthraniloyl-, DL-
BSPBio_002482
Benzenebutanoic acid, .alpha.,2-diamino-.gamma.-oxo-
Benzenebutanoic acid, .alpha.,2-diamino-.gamma.-oxo-, (S)-
Benzenebutanoic acid, alpha,2-diamino-gamma-oxo-
Benzenebutanoic acid, alpha,2-diamino-gamma-oxo- (9CI)
C01718
CCG-38856
CHEBI:28683
D-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
DL-KYNURENINE SULFATE
DivK1c_006426
EINECS 206-445-9
EINECS 218-341-0
FT-0080756
I04-8934
K-9000
K-9002
KBio1_001370
KBio2_001642
KBio2_004210
KBio2_006778
KBio3_001702
KBioGR_002539
KBioSS_001642
Kynurenin
NCGC00017339-02
NCGC00017339-03
NCGC00095648-01
NCGC00095648-02
SBB005347
SDCCGMLS-0066734.P001
SPBio_001340
SPECTRUM1500879
ST057185
SpecPlus_000330
Spectrum2_001380
Spectrum3_000781
Spectrum4_001916
Spectrum5_000632
Spectrum_001162
alpha-2-Diamino-gamma-oxobenzenebutyric acid
alpha.-2-diamino-.gamma.-oxobenzenebutyric acid
dl-Kynurenine
A metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan used in the production of niacin.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynurenine )
kynurenine
MSOntology:Krupp_Fatigue_Severity_Scale
FSS
http://www.swvamssupport.org/popup/fss.htm
Fatigue Severity Scale
A short questionnaire that requires the subject to rate his or her own level of fatigue,thereby evaluating fatigue in multiple sclerosis.
Krupp_Fatigue_Severity_Scale
MSOntology:L-Selectin
MESH : D019041
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 062 L
Antigen, CD62L
Antigen, Leu-8
Antigen, Mel-14
Antigen, TQ1
Antigens, CD62L
C0125090
CD 062 L ANTIGENS
CD62L Antigen
CD62L Antigens
LAM-1
LAM-1 (Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1)
LECAM 001
LECAM-1
Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule, LAM-1
Lymph Node Homing Receptor
Lymphocyte Adhesion Molecule 1
Lymphocyte antigen CD62L
Mel 14 Antigen
SELECTIN L
Selectin, L
TQ1 Antigen
L-selectin (372 aa, 42 kD) is a cell adhesion process protein that is encoded by the human SELL gene and has a role in cell adhesion.
L-Selectin
MSOntology:LAP18
Gene :HS085577
GeneID :3925
PP19
PR22
SMN
C1orf215
Lag
OP18
PP17
STMN1
STMN1 stathmin 1
stathmin 1
This gene belongs to the stathmin family of genes. It encodes a ubiquitous cytosolic phosphoprotein proposed to function as an intracellular relay integrating regulatory signals of the cellular environment. The encoded protein is involved in the regulation of the microtubule filament system by destabilizing microtubules. It prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules.
LAP18
MSOntology:LAPTM5
Gene :HS053587
Uniprot ID:Q13571
LAPTM5 gene
KIAA0085 gene
Lysosomal-associated multitransmembrane protein 5
Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5
Retinoic acid-inducible E3 protein
The gene that encodes a protein that may have a special functional role during embryogenesis and in adult hematopoietic cells.
LAPTM5
MSOntology:LECAM2
Gene :HS052027
CD62E
ELAM
ELAM1
ESEL
SELE
SELE selectin E
selectin E
The protein encoded by this gene is found in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of blood leukocytes at sites of inflammation by mediating the adhesion of cells to the vascular lining. It exhibits structural features such as the presence of lectin- and EGF-like domains followed by short consensus repeat (SCR) domains that contain 6 conserved cysteine residues. These proteins are part of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules. Adhesion molecules participate in the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6401 )
LECAM2
MSOntology:LFA-1
MESH : D016169
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antigen-1, Lymphocyte Function-Associated
C0079717
Integrin alphaLbeta2
LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 01
LFA-1 - Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1
LFA-1 leucocyte adhesive protein
LFA-1 leukocyte adhesive protein
LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED 01 ANTIGEN
Leucocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 adhesive protein
Leukocyte Function Associated Antigen-1
Leukocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 adhesive protein
Leukocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 adhesive protein
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
alphaLbeta2, Integrin
An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS, B-CELLS, and GRANULOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.
LFA-1
MSOntology:LFA3
Gene :HS056678
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1332715
CD58 Antigen, (Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 3) Gene
CD58 gene
LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN, TYPE 3
This gene plays a role in facilitating contacts between helper T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells.
LFA3
MSOntology:LT
Gene :HS047781
tumor necrosis factor-beta
Lymphotoxin
A protein that is produced by Th1 type T-cells and induces vascular endothelial cells to change their surface adhesion molecules to allow phagocytic cells to bind to them.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphotoxin )
LT
MSOntology:LY6E
Gene :HS047795
http://omim.org/entry/601384
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
LY6E gene
TSA1 gene
9804 gene
C1334353
LY6E
LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 6 COMPLEX, LOCUS E
Ly-6E
Lymphocyte antigen 6E
RIG-E
RIGE
RIGE gene
Retinoic acid-induced gene E protein
SCA-2
SCA2 gene
Stem cell antigen 2
THYMIC SHARED ANTIGEN 1
TSA-1
TSA1
Thymic shared antigen 1
small cysteine-rich proteins differentially expressed in several hematopoietic cell lines and with apparent function in signal transduction.
LY6E
MSOntology:Laboratory_Supported_Definite_MS
LSDMS
The laboratory support consists of demonstration in CSF of IgG oligoclonal bands (OB) or of increased CNS synthesis of IgG. Oligoclonal bands must not
be present in the patient’s serum, and the serum IgG level must be normal. This assumes that other conditions causing CSF changes, such as syphilis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, sarcoidosis, collagen vascular disease, and similar disorders, have been ruled out.
1. Two attacks; either clinical or paraclinical evidence of one lesion; and CSF OBiIgG
COMMENT. The two attacks must involve different parts of the CNS and be separated by a minimum of one month, each having lasted at least 24 hours. One of the episodes must involve a part of the CNS distinct from that demonstrated by the clinical or paraclinical evidence.
2. One attack; clinical evidence of two separate le sions; and CSF OB/IgG
3. One attack; clinical evidence of one lesion and paraclinical evidence of another, separate lesion and CSF OBlIgG
(Scientific Reference: Poser et al (1983) Ann Neurol 13(3):227-231)
Laboratory Supported Definite MS
MSOntology:Laboratory_Supported_Probable_MS
LSPMS
Two attacks and demonstration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of IgG oligoclonal bands (OB) or of increased CNS synthesis of IgG. Oligoclonal bands must not be present in the patient's serum, and the serum IgG level must be normal. This assumes that other conditions causing CSF changes, such as syphilis, subacute sclerosing panancephalitis, sarcoidosis, collagen vascular disease, and similar disorders, have been ruled out.The two attacks must involve different parts of the CNS, must be separated by a minimum of one month, and must each have lasted at least 24 hours.
(Scientific Reference: Poser et al (1983) Ann Neurol 13(3):227-231)
Laboratory Supported Probable MS
MSOntology:Lamotrigine
Drug :DBA000548
MESH :C047781
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0064636
Desitin Brand of Lamotrigine
Glaxo Wellcome Brand of Lamotrigine
GlaxoSmithKline Brand of Lamotrigine
Lamictal
Lamiktal
A drug that is used to help control some types of seizures. It is being studied in the prevention of peripheral neuropathy caused by some chemotherapy drugs. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticonvulsants.
MSOntology:Lateral
http://www.medfriendly.com/lateralventricles.html
The two curved openings (shaped like a horseshoe) located deep within the top section of the brain, that provide a pathway for cerebrospinal fluid.
Lateral
MSOntology:Lateral_Column
The lateral portion of the spinal cord, in transverse section seen as a horn; present only in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lateral+column+of+spinal+cord )
Lateral_Column
MSOntology:Lesion_In_Pons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons#Related_diseases
The lesions appearing in the pons region,a structure located on the brain stem.
Lesion_In_Pons
MSOntology:Lesions
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
INJ
Injuries
Injury
Injury - disorder
Injury, unspecified
MS Lesion
Multiple sclerosis Lesion
Trauma
Traumatic injury
Unspecified injury
Disorder resulting from physical damage to the body
Lesions
MSOntology:Leukocyte
MESH : D007962
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Blood Cell, White
C0023516
Leucocyte
WBC
White Blood Cell
Cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte )
_Leucocyte
MSOntology:Lhermitte_sign
Barber Chair phenomenon
Electric shock-like sensation down the spine when the neck is flexed.
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/seizures/index.aspx )
Lhermitte sign
MSOntology:Light_chain_neurofilaments
NFL
NF-L
Gene :HS048382
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEFL
NEFL gene
68 kDa neurofilament protein
CMT1F protein
CMT2E protein
NF68 gene
Neurofilament light polypeptide
Neurofilament triplet L protein
This protein is associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1F and 2E.
Light_chain_neurofilaments
MSOntology:Lingo
Gene :HS038353
Gene :HS042299
Gene :HS055243
Gene:HS067523
Lingo
MSOntology:Lipids
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0023779
Lipid
A class of hydrocarbon-containing organic compounds. Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents and play important roles in living organisms. These roles include functioning as energy storage molecules, serving as structural components of cell membranes, and constituting important signaling molecules. Lipids can be subdivided into 2 groups, fatty acids and glycerides.
Lipids
MSOntology:Loss_Of_Balance
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/vertigo.html
Vertigo
A dizzy sensation where the world spins uncontrollably and is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, caused by damage to the pons region of the brainstem.
Loss_Of_Balance
MSOntology:Lucchinetti_classification
Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
The classification of the patterns of demyelination in multiple sclerosis
based on the myelin protein loss, the geography and extension
of plaques, the patterns of oligodendrocyte destruction, and the immunopathological evidence of complement activation.
Lucchinetti classification
MSOntology:Lung
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0024109
Lung
Lung structure
Lungs
Respiratory System, Lung
MSOntology:Lyme_disease
MeSH:MDC001585
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
MSOntology:Lympho_Toxin_Alpha
MESH : D008233
A tumor necrosis factor family member that is released by activated lymphocytes.
(MeSH definition)
Lympho_Toxin_Alpha
MSOntology:Lympho_Toxin_Beta
MESH :D053308
A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on lymphocytes. It can form a heterotrimer ( lymphotoxin alpha1, Beta2 heterotrimer) with the soluble ligand lymphotoxin-alpha and anchor it to the cell surface. The membrane-bound complex is specific for the lymphotoxin beta receptor.
(MeSH definition)
Lympho_Toxin_Beta
MSOntology:Lymphocyte_Differentiation
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1159914
lymphocyte cell differentiation
lymphocyte differentiation
lymphocytic blood cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
Lymphocyte differentiation
MSOntology:Lymphocyte_activation
MESH: D008213
Morphologic alteration of small B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by interleukins,mitogens such as phytohemaglutinins, and by specific antigens. It may also occur in vivo as in graft rejection.
(MeSH Definition)
Lymphocyte activation
MSOntology:Lysolecithin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0024360
Lysolecithin
Lysolecithins
Lysophosphatidylcholine
Lysophosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.
Lysolecithin
MSOntology:MAG
Gene :HS047843
GeneID :4099
S-MAG
SIGLEC-4A
GMA
MAG myelin associated glycoprotein
SIGLEC4A
myelin associated glycoprotein
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is thought to be involved in the process of myelination. It is a lectin that binds to sialylated glycoconjugates and mediates certain myelin-neuron cell-cell interactions. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
MAG
MSOntology:MAPT
Gene :HS047872
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1446659
MAPT Gene
Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau Gene
This gene may be involved in the mediation of neuronal polarity.
MAPT
MSOntology:MARCKS
Gene :HS047828
GeneID :4082
80K-L
MACS
MARCKS myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate
PKCSL
PRKCSL
myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate
The protein encoded by this gene is a substrate for protein kinase C. It is localized to the plasma membrane and is an actin filament crosslinking protein.
MARCKS
MSOntology:MARKS
Gene :HS051226
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule-associated_protein
MARK
microtubule-affinity-regulating-kinase
The gene that encodes the enzyme that is involved in the phosphorylation of the MAP which causes the MAP to detach from any bound microtubules.
MARKS
MSOntology:MBP
HS047910
Basic Protein, Encephalitogenic
Basic Proteins, Encephalitogenic
Basic Proteins, Myelin
Encephalitogenic Basic Protein
Encephalitogenic Basic Proteins
Myelin basic protein
Neuritogenic Protein
Protein, Encephalitogenic Basic
Protein, Neuritogenic
Proteins, Encephalitogenic Basic
Proteins, Myelin Basic
A group of 7 proteins produced from a single gene by alternate splicing found in central and peripheral nervous system myelin. The major basic protein (MBP) has long been of interest because it is the antigen, that, when injected into an animal, elicits a cellular immune response that produces the CNS autoimmune disease called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
(MeSH definition )
MBP
MSOntology:MICB
Gene :HS047988
GeneID :4277
MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B
MICB MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B
PERB11.2
This gene encodes a heavily glycosylated protein which is a ligand for the NKG2D type II receptor. Binding of the ligand activates the cytolytic response of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta T cells which express the receptor.
MICB
MSOntology:MIF
Gene :HS047990
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
S100A9
S100A9 Protein
calgranulin A
calgranulin B
p14
p8
Proteins released by sensitized LYMPHOCYTES and possibly other cells that inhibit the migration of MACROPHAGES away from the release site. The structure and chemical properties may vary with the species and type of releasing cell.
MIF
MSOntology:MMP3
Gene :HS048018
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
MMP3
This gene plays a role in wound repair and the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling.
MMP3
MSOntology:MMP7
Gene :HS048019
MPSL1
MMP-7
MMP7 matrix metallopeptidase 7
PUMP-1
matrix metallopeptidase 7
Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4316 )
MMP7
MSOntology:MMP9
Gene :HS048024
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
MMP9 gene
This gene plays a role in inflammation, keratinocyte growth and the regulation of matrix remodeling.
MMP9
MSOntology:MOG
HS048043
Myelin oligodendrocyte
A glycoprotein believed to be important in the process of myelinization of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein )
MOG
MSOntology:MPHOSPH9
Gene :HS039581
M-phase phosphoprotein 9
MPHOSPH9 M-phase phosphoprotein 9
MPP-9
MPP9
This gene encodes M-phase phosphoproteins that permit disassembly of interphase structures and generation of M-phase enzymatic activities and structures.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/605501 )
MPHOSPH9
MSOntology:MPO
Gene :HS048051
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
MPO Gene
Myeloperoxidase Gene
This gene is involved in the modulation of neutrophil microbicidal activity.
MPO
MSOntology:MSRV
Scientific Reference: J Neurovirol. 2003 Feb;9(1):79-93.
MS-associated RetroVirus
A retrovirus that belongs to a family of genetically inherited endogenous retroviruses human endogenous retrovirus type W( HERV-W).
MSRV
MSOntology:MS_MRI_criteria
http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/media/us/samplechapters/9781416060680/Chapter%2002.pdf
Swanton criteria
The MRI features that support the diagnosis of MS.
MS MRI criteria
MSOntology:MS_disease
MS
MESH_disease:MDC001742
_MS disease
MSOntology:MX1
Gene :HS048251
GeneID :4599
MxA
IFI-78K
IFI78
MX
MX1 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78
myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78
The gene encode the interferon-inducible Mx protein which is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection.
MX1
MSOntology:MYD88
Gene :HS048266
Uniprot ID:Q99836
Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88
The gene that encodes the adapter protein that is involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response.
MYD88
MSOntology:Mac-2_bp
Gene :HS047612
Uniprot ID:Q08380
LGALS3BP gene
Basement membrane autoantigen p105
Galectin-3-binding protein
Lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3-binding protein
M2BP gene
MAC2BP
Mac-2-binding protein
Tumor-associated antigen 90K
Promotes intergrin-mediated cell adhesion. May stimulate host defense against viruses and tumor cells.
Mac-2_bp
MSOntology:Macrophage
MESH :D008264
C0024432
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood monocytes.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68008264 )
_Macrophage
MSOntology:Macular_volume
MV
The portion of the retina used for central vision.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macular+area )
Macular volume biomarker
MSOntology:Mag
Gene :HS047843
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein
Siglec-4
Myelin-associated glycoprotein
A cell membrane glycoprotein that is believed to be involved in myelination during nerve regeneration.
Mag
MSOntology:Magnetic_resonance_imaging
MESH : D008279
C0024485
Chemical Shift Imaging
Chemical Shift Imagings
Functional MRI
Functional MRIs
Imaging, Chemical Shift
Imaging, Magnetic Resonance
Imaging, NMR
Imagings, Chemical Shift
MR Tomography
MRI
MRI Scan
MRI Scans
MRI, Functional
MRIs, Functional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional
Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging
NMR Imaging
NMR Tomography
Proton Spin Tomography
Scan, MRI
Scans, MRI
Shift Imaging, Chemical
Shift Imagings, Chemical
Tomography, MR
Tomography, NMR
Tomography, Proton Spin
Zeugmatography
fMRI
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images.
(MeSH definition )
Magnetic resonance imaging
MSOntology:Magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy
MR Spectroscopy
MRS
Magnetic Resonance
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies
Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear
NMR Spectroscopies
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR Spectroscopy, In Vivo
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic
Resonance, Magnetic
Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic
Spectroscopies, NMR
Spectroscopy, MR
Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy, NMR
Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography .
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy )
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarker
MSOntology:Magnetization_transfer
MTR
The transfer of longitudinal magnetization from the hydrogen nuclei of water that has restricted motion to the hydrogen nuclei of water that moves with many degrees of freedom.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization_transfer )
Magnetization transfer biomarker
MSOntology:Major_Histocompatibility_Complex_II
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_II
MHC II
MHC-II
The heterodimers that are found only on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes which presents the antigens derived from extracellular proteins.
Major_Histocompatibility_Complex_II
MSOntology:Male
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0024554
Human Males
Human, Male
M
Male
Male gender
Male individual
Male structure
Males
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, cultural gender role distinctions, or both.
Male
MSOntology:Malonaldehyde
MESH :D008315
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
1,3-Propanedial
C0024643
Propandial
An organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2, and a byproduct of lipid metabolism in the body. Malondialdehyde, a highly reactive compound, is one of the many reactive electrophile species that cause toxic stress in cells and form covalent protein adducts, called advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE). This compound also forms mutagenic DNA adducts when it reacts with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine in DNA. Malondialdehyde is also found in many foods and is present in high levels in rancid foods.
Malonaldehyde
MSOntology:Manan-binding_lectin_serine_protease-1
MASP1
Gene :HS050762
mannose-associated serine protease 1
A serine protease that functions as a component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. The complement pathway plays an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune response.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASP1_(protein) )
Manan-binding_lectin_serine_protease-1
MSOntology:Marburg_Variant
Scientific Reference: Mult Scler. 2011 Dec;17(12):1531-8. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
A rapidly progressive and malignant form of multiple sclerosis (MS) that usually leads to severe disability or death within weeks to months without remission.
(Scientific Reference: Mult Scler. 2011 Dec;17(12):1531-8. Epub 2011 Aug 3. )
Marburg_Variant
MSOntology:Maturation_immune_response
the repertoire of expressed antibody specificities is strongly influenced by antigen . One way in which this influence is manifested is by a progressive increase in the affinity of antibody for antigen with time after immunization. This phenomenon, termed as the ‘maturation’ of the immune response.
(Scientific Reference: doi:10.1038/312271a0)
Maturation immune response
MSOntology:Mbp
Gene :HS047910
Uniprot ID:P02686
Myelin A1 protein
Myelin basic protein
Myelin membrane encephalitogenic protein
The most abundant protein components of the myelin membrane in the CNS. They have a role in both its formation and stabilization.
_Mbp
MSOntology:McDonald_Criteria
(Scientific reference, doi:10.1002/ana.23575)
2001 McDonald criteria
2005 McDonald criteria
2010 McDonald criteria
Revised International Panel Criteria
The Revised McDonald Criteria is the latest attempt to clearly define diagnostic criteria for MS.
McDonald Criteria
MSOntology:Meclizine
Drug :DBA000730
MESH :D008468
Agyrax
Antivert
Bonamine
Bonine
C0025039
Chiclida
D Vert
D-Vert
DVert
Dihydrochloride, Meclizine
Histametizyn
Hydrochloride, Meclizine
Hydrochloride, Meclizine
Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Meclizine HCl
Meclizine Hydrochloride
Meclizine Hydrochloride
Meclizine Monohydrochloride
Meclozine
Monohydrochloride, Meclizine
Parachloramine
Pfizer Brand 1 of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Pfizer Brand 2 of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Brand of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Roberts Brand of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Ru Vert M
Ru-Vert-M
RuVertM
Torrens Brand of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
Vedim Brand of Meclizine Dihydrochloride
A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Medial_Longitudinal_Fasciculus
MLF
A pair of crossed fiber tracts (group of axons), one on each side of the brainstem.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus )
Medial_Longitudinal_Fasciculus
MSOntology:Medulla
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata
Medulla oblongata
The lower half of the brainstem that contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
Medulla
MSOntology:Medulla_Oblongata
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0025148
Medulla Oblongatas
Medulla oblongata structure
Medullary
The lower portion of the brainstem located between the pons and brainstem. This structure contains several descending and ascending tracts, lower cranial nerve nuclei, a significant proportion of the reticular system of the brainstem and other structures. (NCI)
Medulla_Oblongata
MSOntology:Memory_Dysfunction
MESH : D008569
Bad memory
C0233794
Deficit, Memory
Impaired memory
Memory Dysfunction
Memory problem
Memory retention disorder
Poor memory
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression.
(MeSH definition)
Memory_Dysfunction
MSOntology:Memory_Loss
MDC001666
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Amnesia Memory Loss
Amnesia-Memory Loss
Amnesia-Memory Losses
Amnesias
C0002622
Dysmnesia
LOSS OF MEMORY
MEMORY LOSS
Memory gone
A disorder characterized by systematic and extensive loss of memory.
Memory_loss
MSOntology:Meningeal_inflammation
Meningitis
Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis )
Meningeal inflammation
MSOntology:Mental
MDC004253
MESH : D005222
Fatigue, Mental
Mental Fatigue
A condition of low alertness or cognitive impairment, usually associated with prolonged mental activities or stress.
(MeSH definition)
Mental
MSOntology:Mesenchymal_stem_cell
MSCs
The multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including: osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and adipocytes (fat cells).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell )
MSOntology:Metabolites
The intermediates and products of metabolism.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite )
MSOntology:Metalloproteases
MESH :D045726
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0025543
METALLOPROTEASE
Metallopeptidases
Metalloproteases
Metalloproteinase
Metalloproteinases
Proteases which use a metal, normally ZINC, in the catalytic mechanism. This group of enzymes is inactivated by metal CHELATORS.
Metalloproteases
MSOntology:Methotrexate
Drug :DBA000556
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
4-Amino-10-methylfolic Acid
4-Amino-4-deoxy-10-methylpteroyl-L-glutamic Acid
Abitrexate
Alpha-Methopterin
Amethopterin
Brimexate
Emtexate
Emthexat
Emthexate
Farmitrexat
Fauldexato
Folex
Folex PFS
Lantarel
Ledertrexate
Lumexon
MTX
MTX - Methotrexate
Maxtrex
Medsatrexate
Metex
Methoblastin
Methotrexate
Methotrexate LPF
Methotrexate Methylaminopterin
Methotrexatum
Metotrexato
Metrotex
Mexate
Mexate-AQ
Novatrex
Rheumatrex
Texate
Tremetex
Trexeron
Trixilem
An antimetabolite and antifolate agent with antineoplastic and immunosuppressant activities. Methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses. Methotrexate also exhibits potent immunosuppressant activity although the mechanism(s) of actions is unclear.
MSOntology:Methylphenidate
Drug :DBA000415
MESH :D008774
2-Piperidineacetic acid, alpha-phenyl-, methyl ester
C0025810
Celltech Brand of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Centedrin
Cephalon Brand of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Daytrana
Dexmethylphenidate
Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride
Equasym
Focalin
Hydrochloride, Dexmethylphenidate
Hydrochloride, Methylphenidate
Mallinckrodt Brand of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Metadate
Methylin
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Novartis Brand 1 of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Novartis Brand 2 of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Novartis Pharmaceutical Brand of Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride
Phenidylate
Ritalin
Ritalin SR
Ritalin-SR
Ritaline
Tsentedrin
alpha-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic Acid Methyl Ester
A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy.
(MeSH definition )
therapy using Methylphenidate
MSOntology:Methylprednisolone
MESH :D008775
6 Methylprednisolone
6-Methylprednisolone
6-Methylprednisolone
C0025815
Medrol
Metipred
Urbason
A prednisolone derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Methylthioadenosine
MTA
MESH :C021714
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(methylsulfanylmethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(methylsulfanylmethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio-beta-D-Ribofuranose
1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio-beta-delta-Ribofuranose
2457-80-9
5'-(Methylthio)-5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-(Methylthio)adenosine
5'-CH3S-5'dA
5'-DEOXY-5'-METHYLTHIOADENOSINE
5'-Deoxy(methylthio)adenosine
5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine
5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthio-adenosine
5'-S-Methylthioadenosine
5'-S-methyl-5'-thio-Adenosine
5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine
5'-Thiomethyladenosine
5'-deoxy-5'-(methylsulfanyl)adenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine
5-Methylthioadenosine
7DDC4B4A-0E54-449C-A502-BDAEA990DE4C
9-(5-S-methyl-5-thio-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine
AC1L96TQ
AC1Q4GUK
AIDS003668
Adenosine, 5'-S-methyl-5'-thio- (6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI)
Adenosine, 5-methylthio-
C00170
CHEBI:17509
CHEMBL277041
D5011_SIGMA
DNC000091
DNC003856
HMDB01173
NSC 335422
PDSP1_001005
PDSP2_000989
S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine
S-methyl-5-thioadenosine
S-methyl-adenosine
Thiomethyladenosine
Vitamin L(sub 2)
Vitamin L2
beta-D-Ribofuranose, 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio-
A naturally occurring sulfur-containing nucleoside present in all mammalian tissues.It influences numerous critical responses of the cell including regulation of gene expression, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
(Scientific Reference: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;36(11):2125-30. )
Methylthioadenosine
MSOntology:Metoclopramide
Drug :DBA001222
MESH :D008787
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0025853
Metaclopramide
Metaclopromide
Metoclopramide
A drug that increases the motility (movements and contractions) of the stomach and upper intestine. It is used to treat certain stomach problems and nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is a type of antiemetic and a type of motility agent.
therapy using Metoclopramide
MSOntology:Micb
Gene :HS047988
Uniprot ID:Q29980
PERB11.2 gene
MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B
MIC-B
The protein that acts as a stress-induced self-antigen that is recognized by gamma delta T cells. Ligand for the KLRK1/NKG2D receptor. Binding to KLRK1 leads to cell lysis.
Micb
MSOntology:Microbiota
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1956108
Good Flora
Microbiome
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microbiotas
A collection or collectivity of microorganisms. This entity is frequently examined to determine how changes to the surrounding environment affects biological processes and the resulting health status of the organism.
Microbiota
MSOntology:Microglia
MESH : D017628
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0206116
Microgliocyte
A type of glial cell that are the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia )
_Microglia
MSOntology:Microglia_activation_marker
doi:10.4061/2011/939426
The biochemical markers of the microglial activation,which representis the first line of the innate immune defence of the brain
Microglia activation marker biomarker
MSOntology:Microglia_cell_line_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The process by which microglial cell lines are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Microglia cell line culture
MSOntology:Microglia_mediated_repair
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Promotion_of_repair
The process in which microglia undergo several steps to promote regrowth of neural tissue.
Microglia mediated repair
MSOntology:Microglia_primary_culture
The microglia cells that are cultured directly from a subject.
Microglia primary culture
MSOntology:Microglial_activation
Brain (2007) 130 (11): 2755-2757.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awm246
The activation of microglia which might be possible due to the T cells providing constant stimuli i.e. by pro-inflammatory cytokines.Activated microglial cells are important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Microglial activation
MSOntology:Microphage_scavanger
Microphage scavanger
MSOntology:Midbrain
MESH : D008636
Mesencephalon
Mid-brain
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain.
(MeSH definition )
Midbrain
MSOntology:Migration
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0600210
Migration
Migrations
population migration
Non-random movement of an object(s) from one location to another.
Migration
MSOntology:Migration_to_CNS
Scientific Reference: doi:10.1038/nri1130
Entry of components (related to immunity etc.) into the Central Nervous System.
Migration to CNS
MSOntology:Mitochondrial_dysfunction
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mitochondrial+disorder
The dysfunction of brain mitochondria which results in the alterations in the protein complexes of the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondrial dysfunction
MSOntology:Mitoxantrone
Drug : DBA001193
AHP Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
ASTA Medica Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Acetate, Mitoxantrone
Amgen Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Baxter Oncology Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
C0026259
CL 232325
CL-232325
CL232325
Columbia Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
DHAD
DHAQ
Dihydroxyanthracenedione
Hydrochloride, Mitoxantrone
Inibsa Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Lederle Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Mitoxantrone Acetate
Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
Mitozantrone
Mitroxone
NSC 279836
NSC 287836
NSC 299195
NSC 301739
NSC 301739D
NSC-279836
NSC-287836
NSC-299195
NSC-301739
NSC-301739D
NSC279836
NSC287836
NSC299195
NSC301739
NSC301739D
Novantron
Novantrone
Onkotrone
Pralifan
Ralenova
Wyeth Brand of Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride
An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Mixed
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dysarthria.html
The dysarthria which results from dysfunction in more than one speech motor system.
Mixed
MSOntology:Mixed_culture
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mixed+culture
A laboratory culture that contains two or more different strains of organisms.
Mixed culture
MSOntology:Mmp-3
Gene :HS048018
Uniprot ID:P08254
MMP3 gene
STMY1 gene
Matrix metalloproteinase-3
SL-1
Stromelysin-1
Transin-1
The protein that can degrade fibronectin, laminin, gelatins of type I, III, IV, and V; collagens III, IV, X, and IX, and cartilage proteoglycans and activates procollagenase.
Mmp-3
MSOntology:Mmp-9
Gene :HS048024
Uniprot ID:P14780
CLG4B gene
92 kDa gelatinase
92 kDa type IV collagenase
Gelatinase B
MMP-9
Matrix metalloproteinase-9
The protein that may play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration.
Mmp-9
MSOntology:Modafinil
Drug :DBA000738
MESH :C048833
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modafinil
Alertec
C0066677
CEPA brand of modafinil
CRL 40476
CRL-40476
Cephalon brand of armodafinil
Cephalon brand of modafinil
Cephalon brand of modafinil, reformulated
Draxis brand of modafinil
Lafon brand of modafinil
Merckle brand of modafinil
Modiodal
Nourypharma brand of modafinil
Nuvigil
Provigil
Sparlon
Vigil
armodafinil
benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide
An analeptic drug that is used for the treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder.
MSOntology:Model_of_Oligodendrocyte_Destruction
Anin VitroModel of Oligodendrocyte Destruction by Nitric Oxide and Its Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis
Branislava Mitrovic, John Parkinson, Jean E. Merrill1
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6066&page=10
The modelling systems for studying the destruction of oligodendrocytes in an in-vitro environment.
Model of Oligodendrocyte Destruction
MSOntology:Models_of_MS_disease
In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis pp.570-588 (19) Authors: Baukje J. van der Star, Daphne Y.S. Vogel, Markus Kipp, Fabiola Puentes, David Baker, Sandra Amor
The Disease models formed for MS using the viral and autoimmune disease models to investigate the possible pathogenic mechanisms operating in MS.
Models of MS disease
MSOntology:Modified_Fatigue_Impact_Scale
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ms-clinical-care-network/researchers/clinical-study-measures/mfis/index.aspx
The instrument that provides an assessment of the effects of fatigue in terms of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning.
Modified Fatigue Impact Scale
MSOntology:Molecular_and_cellular_feature
MSOntology:Molecular_database_based_model
Scientific Reference: doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl950
Disease modelling based on the interactions extracted from the molecular interaction databases.
Molecular database based model
MSOntology:Molecular_entity
MSOntology:Molecular_mechanism_on_pathway
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(biology)
A complex system or, more generally, a process that produces a regular phenomenon.
Molecular mechanism on pathway
MSOntology:Molecular_mimicry
Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mimicry )
Molecular mimicry
MSOntology:Monocyte
MESH : D009000
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026473
Monocytes
A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and travels through the blood to tissues in the body where it becomes a macrophage. Macrophages surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, remove dead cells, and boost immune responses. A monocyte is a type of white blood cell and a type of phagocyte.
Monocyte
MSOntology:Monoparesis
Paresis affecting a single extremity or part of one.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/monoparesis )
Monoparesis
MSOntology:Mood_symptoms
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/emotional-changes/index.aspx
Emotional lability
moodiness.
The rapid and generally unpredictable changes in emotions.
Mood symptoms
MSOntology:Motor_Neuron
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026609
Motoneuronit
Motor Neurons
Neuron, Motor
Neurons, Motor
Neurons which activate muscle cells.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009046 )
Motor_Neuron
MSOntology:Motor_evoked_potential
MEP
MER
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoked_potential#Motor_evoked_potentials
Motor evoked response
TMS
Transcronial magnetic stimulation
The potential that is recorded from muscles following direct stimulation of exposed motor cortex, or transcranial stimulation of motor cortex, either magnetic or electrical.
Motor evoked potential
MSOntology:Movement
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026649
Movements
Quality of movement
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
Movement
MSOntology:Multifocal_visual_evoked_potential
MFVEP
http://www.octnews.org/articles/1867912/comparison-of-multifocal-visual-evoked-potential-s/
A test that measures local response amplitude and latency in the field of vision.
Multifocal visual evoked potential
MSOntology:Multiple_sclerosis_functional_composite
http://www.neurology.org/content/74/17_Supplement_3/S8
MSFC
A 3-part quantitative instrument that measures arm, leg, and cognitive function, thereby providing a focused and sensitive evaluation of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis functional composite
MSOntology:Muscarinic
mAChRs
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells..
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic )
Muscarinic
MSOntology:Muscle_Strength
MVC
isokinetic test of knee flexion and extension
maximal voluntary contraction
Patterns of weakness can help localize a lesion to a particular cortical or white matter region, spinal cord level, nerve root, peripheral nerve, or muscle. Test the strength of each muscle group and record it in a systematic fashion. It is wise to pair the testing of each muscle group immediately with testing of its contralateral counterpart to enhance detection of any asymmetries.
(Source: http://www.neuroexam.com/neuroexam/content.php?p=29)
A method for the measurement of muscle strength in multiple sclerosis patients is described in Joubrel et al Ann Readaption Med Phys 2000: 43: 138-144.
The method uses an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II ®) to evaluate the concentric knee flexor and extensor peak torques values at speed of 60°/s and 180°/s.The reproductibility is good within 20%. These tests can show up muscle deficits that were not clinically evident. They can help chosing the adapted treatment, following up the patients and assessing the efficiency of rehabilitation
protocols.
(Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6054(00)88788-7)
MSOntology:Mxa
Gene :HS048251
MESH :C043999
IFI78 protein
Mx protein
Mx1 protein
Mx2 protein
MxA(R645) protein
MxB protein
interferon inducible protein p78
myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 protein
myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (mouse) protein
p78-related protein
protein Mx
protein Mx, interferon-induced
second interferon-induced protein p78
The protein that is induced by interferon-alpha/beta, accumulates in nucleus of IFN-treated Mx cells,contributes to resistance against influenza.
Mxa
MSOntology:Myelin
MESH : D009186
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026973
Myelin protein
A collection of lipid fats and proteins that sheaths the long extensions of nerve cells (neurons) called axons.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/myelin.html )
Myelin
MSOntology:Myelin_phagocytosis_by_macrophages
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10108
SCs carry out the first step in the removal of myelin by segmenting myelin and then incorporating the degraded myelin. The recruited macrophages then join in the myelin-phagocytosis event, appearing to make full use of their original phagocyte abilities until the end of myelin clearance.
(Scientific Reference: DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10108 )
Myelin phagocytosis by macrophages
MSOntology:Myelin_wrapping
Scientific Reference: PMID: 17923405
Oligodendroglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) synthesise large amounts of specific proteins and lipids to generate myelin, a specialised membrane that spirally ensheathes axons and facilitates fast conduction of the action potential.
(Source: PMID: 17923405)
Myelin wrapping
MSOntology:Myelitis
MeSH:MDC001766
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026975
INFLAMM SPINAL CORD
Inflammation, Spinal Cord
Inflammations, Spinal Cord
Inflammatory Myelopathies
Inflammatory Myelopathy
MYELOPATHY INFLAMM
Myelopathy, Inflammatory
SPINAL CORD INFLAMM
Spinal Cord Inflammation
Spinal Cord Inflammations
MSOntology:Myeloid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell
Myeloid Dendritic Cell
mDC
The dendritic cells that secrets IL 12.
Myeloid
MSOntology:Myoclonus
MeSH:MDC001776
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0027066
Disorder characterised by myoclonus
Myoclonic Jerk
Myoclonic Jerking
Myoclonic disorder
Myoclonic jerks
Myoclonus
Myoclonus disorder
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles, these movements may develop as a symptom of a number of neurological diseases including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.
Myoclonus
MSOntology:Myoclonus_Drugs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoclonus#Treatment
The drugs that is used to treat a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles which is a sign of nervous system disorders.
MSOntology:Myokymia
MESH : D020385
MeSH:MDC003734
C0684219
Chorea, Fibrillary
Kymatism
Kymatisms
Myokymias
Successive and rapid contractions of motor units associated with chronic nerve injury. The discharges arise from the peripheral aspects of regenerating nerves, and clinically impart a nearly continuous undulation of the body surface overlying the muscle.
Myokymia
MSOntology:NFKB3
Gene :HS051622
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0214222
C1335610
NF KAPPA B P 065 SUBUNIT
NF kappa B p65
NF kappa B p65 Subunit
NF kappaB 65 kDa
NF-Kappa B p65
NF-kB p65 Subunit
NF-kappa B p65 Subunit
NF-kappaB
NF-kappaB 65-kDa
NF-kappaB(p65)
NFKB, p65 SUBUNIT
NFKB3
NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B, SUBUNIT 3
NUCLEAR FACTOR OF KAPPA LIGHT CHAIN GENE ENHANCER IN B CELLS 3
Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Subunit 3
Nuclear Factor NF-kappa-B p65 Subunit
Nuclear Factor of Kappa Light Polypeptide Gene Enhancer in B-Cells 3
RELA
RELA gene
RelA, Transcription Factor
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFKB3
Transcription Factor RelA
Transcription Factor p65
Transcription Factor, p65
V-REL AVIAN RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRAL ONCOGENE HOMOLOG A
p65 Transcription Factor
p65, NF-kappa B
p65, Transcription Factor
v Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A
v-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A
This gene plays a role in transcriptional regulation and NFKB signal transduction.
NFKB3
MSOntology:NGFR
Gene :HS048427
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
NGFR gene
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (TNFR Superfamily, Member 16) Gene
This gene is involved in apoptosis, neuronal growth and signaling.
NGFR
MSOntology:NKNA
Gene :HS052857
GeneID :6863
NKNA
Hs.2563
NK2
NPK
TAC1
TAC1 tachykinin, precursor 1
TAC2
tachykinin, precursor 1
This gene encodes four products of the tachykinin peptide hormone family, substance P and neurokinin A, as well as the related peptides, neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma. These hormones are thought to function as neurotransmitters which interact with nerve receptors and smooth muscle cells. They are known to induce behavioral responses and function as vasodilators and secretagogues.
NKNA
MSOntology:NKT_cell
MESH : D055611
A specialized subset of T-lymphocytes that exhibit features of innate immunity similar to that of natural killer cells. They are reactive to glycolipids presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1D antigen.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=NKT%20cell )
NKT cell
MSOntology:NK_Cell
MESH : D007694
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0022688
Cell, NK
Cell, Natural Killer
Cells, NK
Cells, Natural Killer
Cytotoxic cell
K cell
K lymphocyte
K-cell
Killer Cell, Natural
Killer Cells
Killer Cells, Natural
Killer cell
NK
NK Cell
NK Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS, and B CELLS, NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.
NK_Cell
MSOntology:NOGO
Gene :HS051019
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Foocen
NSP
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor
Neuroendocrine-specific protein
Neuroendocrine-specific protein C homolog
Nogo protein
RTN-x
RTN4
Reticulon-4
Reticulon-5
Developmental neurite growth regulatory factor with a role as a negative regulator of axon-axon adhesion and growth, and as a facilitator of neurite branching. Regulates neurite fasciculation, branching and extension in the developing nervous system. Involved in down-regulation of growth, stabilization of wiring and restriction of plasticity in the adult CNS.
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9NQC3 )
NOGO
MSOntology:NOTCH2
Gene :HS048464
Uniprot ID:Q04721
Uniprot ID:Q04721
Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2
Notch 2
hN2
The gene that encodes a protein, which functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination.
NOTCH2
MSOntology:NPAS3
Gene :HS052039
GeneID : 64067
MOP6
NPAS3 neuronal PAS domain protein 3
PASD6
bHLHe12
neuronal PAS domain protein 3
This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix and PAS domain-containing family of transcription factors. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and may regulate genes involved in neurogenesis.
NPAS3
MSOntology:NPTXR
Gene :HS044045
GeneID :23467
NPR
NPTXR neuronal pentraxin receptor
The gene encodes the pentraxin receptor which is an integral membrane protein that is thought to mediate neuronal uptake of the snake venom toxin, taipoxin, and its transport into the synapses.
NPTXR
MSOntology:NT3
Gene :HS017332
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
NTF3 gene
Neurotrophin 3 Gene
This gene is involved in the development of embryonic neurons and maintenance of the adult nervous system.
NT3
MSOntology:N_Acetylaspartate
NAA
MESH :C000179
2-(acetylamino)butanedioic acid
2-acetamidobutanedioic acid
2545-40-6
997-55-7
A5625_SIGMA
AC1L3YNL
AC1Q1KFW
AC1Q5KYA
AG-E-77986
AKOS001588124
AR-1H6469
Aspartic acid, N-acetyl (R,S)
Aspartic acid, N-acetyl-, DL-
Asparticacid, N-acetyl-, DL- (8CI);NSC 128611;
CHEMBL1162493
DL-Aspartic acid, N-acetyl-
EINECS 219-827-5
HMS1569C12
HMS2235G08
I04-8916
I14-2012
MLS001333103
MLS001333104
MolPort-001-833-356
N-Acetyl-DL-aspartic acid
N-Acetylaspartic acid
NCGC00094595-01
NSC-128610
NSC-128611
NSC-206260
NSC128610
NSC128611
NSC206260
Oprea1_041445
Prestwick0_000415
Prestwick1_000415
Prestwick2_000415
Prestwick_712
SMR000857232
SPBio_002309
ST45156778
ST50410864
STK370037
NAA is the second-most-concentrated molecule in the brain after the amino acid glutamate. It is detected in the adult brains only in neurons synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons from the amino acid aspartic acid and acetyl-coenzyme A.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetyl_aspartate )
N_Acetylaspartate
MSOntology:Nabiximol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabiximols
Nabiximols
Sativex
A patented cannabinoid oromucosal mouth spray for multiple sclerosis patients.
MSOntology:Natalizumab
Drug :DBA000104
Antegren
C1172734
Elan brand of natalizumab
Tysabri
A humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to human alpha4 integrin that binds to the alpha4 subunit of alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins.
(MeSH definition)
therapy using Natalizumab
MSOntology:Natural_history
Natural history of disease
A description of the uninterrupted progression of a disease in an individual from the moment of exposure to causal agents until recovery or death.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_history_of_disease )
Natural history
MSOntology:Neopterin
MESH :D019798
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
2-AMINO-6-(1,2,3-TRIGIDROKSIPROPIL)-4(3H)-PTERIDINON
AMINOTRIHYDROXYPROPYL PTERIDINONE 002 006 001 001 003 004 003 H
C0068527
A pteridine derivative present in body fluids, elevated levels result from immune system activation, malignant disease, allograft rejection, and viral infections. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Neopterin also serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of biopterin.
Neopterin
MSOntology:Network_model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_model
A database model conceived as a flexible way of representing gene and gene products and their relationships.
Network model
MSOntology:Neural_stem_cell
NSCs
The self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_stem_cell )
MSOntology:Neurodegeneration
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Neurodegeneration
MSOntology:Neurological_examination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurological_examination
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired
Neurological examination
MSOntology:Neurological_scale
http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.5385163/k.5CDC/HCP__Canadian_Neurological_Scale_CNS.htm
Validated and recommended tool for assessing and monitoring the neurological status.
Neurological scale
MSOntology:Neuron
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0027882
Cell, Nerve
Cells, Nerve
Nerve Cell
Nerve Cells
Neurocyte
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009474 )
Neuron
MSOntology:Neuronal_cell_line_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The process by which neuronal cell lines are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Neuronal cell line culture
MSOntology:Neuronal_enolase
Uniprot ID:P09104
2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
ENO2 gene
Enolase 2
Gamma-enolase
Neural enolase
Neuron-specific enolase
The protein that has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons,binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival.
Neuronal_enolase
MSOntology:Neuronal_loss
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration
The loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
Neuronal loss
MSOntology:Neuronal_primary_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The neuronal cells that are cultured directly from a subject.
Neuronal primary culture
MSOntology:Neuropathic_Pain
MDC001851
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Neuralgia
Pain, Neuropathic
Neuropathic_Pain
MSOntology:Neuropathic_pain
Atypical Neuralgia
Atypical Neuralgias
Iliohypogastric Nerve Neuralgia
Iliohypogastric Nerve Neuralgias
Ilioinguinal Neuralgia
Ilioinguinal Neuralgias
Nerve Neuralgia, Iliohypogastric
Nerve Neuralgias, Iliohypogastric
Nerve Pain
Nerve Pain, Paroxysmal
Nerve Pains
Nerve Pains, Paroxysmal
Neuralgia
Neuralgia, Atypical
Neuralgia, Iliohypogastric Nerve
Neuralgia, Ilioinguinal
Neuralgia, Perineal
Neuralgia, Stump
Neuralgia, Supraorbital
Neuralgia, Vidian
Neuralgias
Neuralgias, Atypical
Neuralgias, Iliohypogastric Nerve
Neuralgias, Ilioinguinal
Neuralgias, Perineal
Neuralgias, Stump
Neuralgias, Supraorbital
Neuralgias, Vidian
Neurodynia
Neurodynias
Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic Pains
Pain, Nerve
Pain, Neuropathic
Pain, Paroxysmal Nerve
Pains, Nerve
Pains, Neuropathic
Pains, Paroxysmal Nerve
Paroxysmal Nerve Pain
Paroxysmal Nerve Pains
Perineal Neuralgia
Perineal Neuralgias
Stump Neuralgia
Stump Neuralgias
Supraorbital Neuralgia
Supraorbital Neuralgias
Vidian Neuralgia
Vidian Neuralgias
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=neuropathic%20pain )
MSOntology:Neuropatic_pain
MESH : D009437
MeSH:MDC001851
Neuralgia
Neuralgias
Neurodynia
Neurodynias
Pain, Neuropathic
Pains, Neuropathic
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=neuropathic%20pain )
Neuropathic pain
MSOntology:Neuropeptide
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0027895
Neuropeptide
Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.
Neuropeptide
MSOntology:Neurotransmitters
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0027908
Nerve Transmitter Substances
Transmitter Substances, Nerve
Small molecules whose function is to transmit nerve signals (impulses) from one nerve cell (neuron) to another. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers which neurons use to tell other neurons that they have received an impulse.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/neurotransmitter.html )
Neurotransmitters
MSOntology:Neutralizing_antibodies_of_interferon_beta
http://www.aan.com/practice/guideline/uploads/253.pdf
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be treated with interferon beta to reduce relapse rates and limit disability. As a result
of treatment with interferon beta over time, some patients develop high levels of antibodies (NAbs) which might reduce the
effectiveness of the treatment.
Neutralizing_antibodies_of_interferon_beta
MSOntology:Neutrophil
MESH : D009504
C0027950
Polymorphonuclear Cell
granular leukocyte
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009504 )
Neutrophil
MSOntology:Ngf
Gene :HS048426
Uniprot ID:P01138
Beta-NGF
Beta-nerve growth factor
NGFB
Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades through those receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival.
Ngf
MSOntology:Nicotinic
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
nAChRs
Cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the postsynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor )
Nicotinic
MSOntology:Nitrates
MESH :D009566
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Azotany
Azotates
C0028125
A class of ester compounds of nitric acid (HNO3) and alcohols.
Nitrates
MSOntology:Nitric_Oxide
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0028128
Mononitrogen Monoxide
Oxide, Nitric
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from arginine by nitrix oxide synthase.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009569 )
Nitric_Oxide
MSOntology:Nitric_oxide_production
Scientific Reference: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2005, 5:232–238
Current Science Inc. ISSN 1528-4042
Induction of Type II nitric oxide synthase
Oxidative stress
The enzymatic synthesis of NO from arginine mediated by NO synthases, which plays a key role in several pathophysiologic processes, ranging from hypertension and diabetes to neurodegeneration.
Nitric oxide production
MSOntology:Nocturia
MDC004125
Excessive urination at night.
A frequent need to urinate at night.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003627 )
Nocturia
MSOntology:Nocturnal_Myoclonus
MDC003634
Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
PLMD
Periodic limb movement disorder
A sleep disorder where the patient moves limbs involuntarily during sleep, and has symptoms or problems related to the movement.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal_myoclonus )
Nocturnal_Myoclonus
MSOntology:Nodes_Of_Ranvier
MESH : D011901
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0034667
The regular breaks in the myelin sheath that surrounds the axonal extension of nerve cells (neurons).
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/nodesofRanvier.html )
Nodes_Of_Ranvier
MSOntology:Nogo-a
Gene :HS051019
Uniprot ID:Q9NQC3
KIAA0886 gene
RTN4 gene
Foocen
NOGO
NSP
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor
Neuroendocrine-specific protein
Nogo protein
RTN-x
Reticulon-4
Reticulon-5
Developmental neurite growth regulatory factor with a role as a negative regulator of axon-axon adhesion and growth, and as a facilitator of neurite branching. Regulates neurite fasciculation, branching and extension in the developing nervous system. Involved in down-regulation of growth, stabilization of wiring and restriction of plasticity in the adult CNS.
Nogo-a
MSOntology:Non_HLA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that are not naturally present in human.
Non HLA
MSOntology:Non_conventional_MRI
Non conventional MRI biomarker
MSOntology:Non_pharmacotherapy
Non pharmacotherapy
MSOntology:Normal_appearing_grey_matter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_multiple_sclerosis#Normal_appearing_White_Matter
NAGM
The grey matter with hidden but MRI-visible damage.
Normal appearing grey matter
MSOntology:Normal_appearing_white_matter
NAWM
The white matter with hidden but MRI-visible damage and is where lesions appear.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_multiple_sclerosis#Normal_appearing_White_Matter )
Normal appearing white matter
MSOntology:Norpinephrine
MESH : D009638
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus.
(MeSH definition )
Norpinephrine
MSOntology:Not_Mapped_
Not_Mapped_
MSOntology:Nt3
Gene :HS017332
PNT-1 (neuronal)
pan-neurotrophin 1
a synthetic trophic factor engineered by combining the active domains of neurotrophins nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) into an NT-3 backbone; a potent and multispecific factor, may be useful in treatment of peripheral neuropathies and nerve damage.
Nt3
MSOntology:Numbness
MDC001328
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0020580
Deadness - numbness
Decreased Sensitivity
Hypesthesia
Hypesthesia, Tactile
Hypoesthesias
Impaired Sensation
Limited sensation
Loss of sensation
Numbness sensation
Reduced Sensation
Reduced Sensations
Reduced sensation of skin
Reduced sensation of skin (finding)
Sensations, Reduced
An abnormally decreased sensitivity to touch, pressure, or pain.
Numbness
MSOntology:Nystagmus
MeSH:MDC001885
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0028738
CONGEN NYSTAGMUS
Congenital Nystagmus
NYSTAGMUS CONGEN
Nystagmus
Nystagmus, Congenital
Pathologic Nystagmus
Unspecified nystagmus
A disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the eyeballs.
Nystagmus
MSOntology:OASL
Gene :HS055513
2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like
OASL 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like
OASLd
TRIP-14
TRIP14
p59 OASL
p59-OASL
p59OASL
OASL encodes an interferon-induced protein that is a member of the 2-5A synthetase family. 2-prime,5-prime oligoadenylates (2-5As) bind to and activate RNase L , resulting in general RNA degradation and consequent inhibition of protein synthesis.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/603281 )
OASL
MSOntology:OPC_loss
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell loss
Oligodendrocyte progenitor loss
The loss of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, whose principal function is to provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath, which insulates and lowers the effective capacitance of axons.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_precursor_cell )
OPC loss
MSOntology:OPC_proliferation
Scientific Reference: The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 76(8):2659-2670
The proliferation of the oligodendrocyte progenitor(O-2A) cells in CNS germinal zones.
(Scientific Reference: The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 76(8):2659-2670)
OPC proliferation
MSOntology:OPN
Gene :HS052725
GeneID :6696
BNSP
BSPI
ETA-1
SPP1
SPP1 Gene
SPP1 secreted phosphoprotein 1
Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 Gene
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the attachment of osteoclasts to the mineralized bone matrix. The encoded protein is secreted and binds hydroxyapatite with high affinity.
OPN
MSOntology:OX40
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ACT35 Antigen
ANTIGENS CD 134
Antigen CD134
Antigen, CD134
Antigens, CD134
C0248554
CD 134 ANTIGENS
CD134
CD134 Antigen
CD134 Antigens
CD134-Antigen
OX-40
OX40
OX40 Receptor
OX40 Receptors
OX40L Receptor
RECEPTORS OX 40
RECEPTORS TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR MEMBER 04
Receptor, OX40
Receptors, OX40
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 4
TAX Transcriptionally-Activated Glycoprotein 1 Receptor
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 04
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 4
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 4
antigen CD134
receptor OX40
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (277 aa, ~29 kDa) is encoded by the human TNFRSF4 gene. This protein plays a role in signal transduction pathways that mediate apoptosis inhibition and inflammatory responses.
OX40
MSOntology:Occipital_Lobe
MESH : D009778
C0028785
Lobe occipital
Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere.
(MeSH definition)
Occipital_Lobe
MSOntology:Ocrelizumab
MESH :C533411
PR 070769
PR-070769
PR070769
R 1594
R-1594
R1594
A humanized anti-CD20 antibody.(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Ocular_Dysmetria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_dysmetria
A form of dysmetria that involves the constant under- or over-shooting of the eyes when attempting to focus gaze on something.It indicates lesions in the cerebellum, which is the brain region responsible for coordinating movement.
Ocular_Dysmetria
MSOntology:Olig2
Gene :HS039600
MESH :C405708
OLIG2 protein
The proteint that is involved in maturation of neurons.
Olig2
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte
MESH : D009836
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/oligodendrocyte.html
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
oligodendroglia
C0028944
Oligodendroglia Cell
The glial cells that are responsible for producing a fatty protein, called myelin, which insulates axons.
Oligodendrocyte
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte_loss
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte#Pathology
The loss of oligodendrocytes,because of which myelination and the re-myelination processes are affected.
Oligodendrocyte loss
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte_precursor_cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_precursor_cell
OPC
Cells that precede oligodendrocytes, and may also be able to generate neurons and astrocytes, whose principal function is to provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath, which insulates and lowers the effective capacitance of axons.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cell
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte_primary_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The oligodendrocyte cells that are cultured directly from a subject.
Oligodendrocyte primary culture
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte_progenitor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_progenitor
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells
The nervous tissue cells that precede oligodendrocytes, and may also be able to generate neurons and astrocytes.
MSOntology:Oligodendrocyte_proliferation_migration
Scientific Reference: The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 76(8):2659-2670
The process in which the OPcells proliferate in CNS germinal zones and migrate to formative white matter regions, where they further proliferate, differentiate, and form myelin sheaths around axons.
(Scientific Reference: The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 76(8):2659-2670 )
Oligodendrocyte proliferation migration
MSOntology:Oligodendrocytes_damage
An in Vitro Model of Oligodendrocyte Destruction by Nitric Oxide and Its Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis
Mitrovic B, Parkinson J, Merrill JE.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte#Pathology
microglial induced oligodendrocyte toxicity
The injury to the oligodendroglial cells that result in demyelination.
Oligodendrocytes damage
MSOntology:Oligodensrocyte_cell_line_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The process by which oligodendrocyte cell lines are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Oligodendrocyte cell line culture
MSOntology:Olives
Olivary body
A pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivary_body )
Olives
MSOntology:Ondansetron
Drug :DBA000896
MESH :D017294
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0061851
Ondansetron
Zofran ODT
The active ingredient in a drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment. Ondansetron is a type of serotonin receptor antagonist and a type of antiemetic.
MSOntology:Optic_Chiasm
MESH : D009897
C0029126
Chiasm, Optic
Chiasma Opticum
Chiasma Opticums
Chiasma, Optic
Chiasmas, Optic
Decussation, Optic
Decussations, Optic
Optic Chiasma
Optic Chiasmas
Optic Chiasms
Optic Decussation
Optic Decussations
Opticum, Chiasma
Opticums, Chiasma
The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.
(MeSH definition)
Optic_Chiasm
MSOntology:Optic_Nerve
MESH : D009900
C0029130
Cranial Nerve II
Cranial Nerve IIs
Cranial Nerve, Second
Cranial Nerve, Second
Cranial Nerves, Second
II, Cranial Nerve
IIs, Cranial Nerve
Nerve II, Cranial
Nerve IIs, Cranial
Nerve, Optic
Nerve, Second Cranial
Nerves, Second Cranial
Second Cranial Nerve
Second Cranial Nerves
The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system.
Optic_Nerve
MSOntology:Optic_Neuritis
MDC001911
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0029134
Neuritis optica
Optic nerve damage
Inflammation of the optic nerve.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=optic%20neuritis )
Optic_Neuritis
MSOntology:Optical_Coherence_Tomography
OCT
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0920367
Coherence Tomography, Optical
OCT
OCT TOMOGR
OCT Tomography
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGR
TOMOGR OPTICAL COHERENCE
Tomography, OCT
Tomography, Optical Coherence
A procedure that uses infrared light waves to give three-dimensional (3-D) pictures of structures inside tissues and organs. The pictures are made by a computer linked to the light source.
Optical Coherence Tomography biomarker
MSOntology:Organotypic_CNS_cultures
Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 6:Unit 6.11
The in vitro method of choice for applications requiring long-term survival of the preparation and a high degree of cellular differentiation and organization resembling that of the original CNS tissue.
Organotypic CNS cultures
MSOntology:Orosomucoid
AAG
AGP
ORM
MESH :D009961
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosomucoid
alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
An acute phase (acute phase protein) plasma alpha-globulin glycoprotein that act as a carrier of basic and neutrally charged lipophilic compounds.
Orosomucoid
MSOntology:Osteopontin
MESH : D053495
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bone Sialoprotein 1
Bone Sialoprotein I
C0069676
Nephropontin
Secreted Phosphoprotein 1
Sialoprotein 1
Sialoprotein 1, Bone
Sialoprotein I, Bone
Urinary Stone Protein
Osteopontin (314 aa, ~35 kDa) is encoded by the human SPP1 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of both tissue mineralization and cell-cell signaling.
Osteopontin
MSOntology:Other
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Other
Other Health Care Professional
Other Health Professional
Health care professional other than listed in section D5 of FDA MedWatch form 3500A.
MSOntology:Oxcarbazepine
Drug :DBA000769
MESH :C036006
A dibenzazepine carboxamide derivative with an anticonvulsant property. As a prodrug, oxcarbazepine is converted to its active metabolite, 10-monohydroxy. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, electrophysiological studies indicate this agent blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby stabilizing hyper-excited neural membranes, inhibiting repetitive neuronal firing, and decreasing the propagation of synaptic impulses.
MSOntology:Oxidative_stress
MESH: D018384
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products.
(MeSH definition)
Oxidative stress
MSOntology:Oxidized_Cholesterol_Derivatives
http://ex-epsilon.slu.se:8080/archive/00000527/01/Kumari_thesis.pdf
COP
Cholesterol oxidation products
Cholesterol present in animal origin foods undergoes autoxidation during processing
as well as during storage yielding toxic products.
Oxidized_Cholesterol_Derivatives
MSOntology:P2x7r
Gene :HS048609
P2RX7
P2X purinoceptor 7
P2X receptor
The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel and is responsible for ATP-dependent lysis of macrophages through the formation of membrane pores permeable to large molecules.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2RX7 )
P2x7r
MSOntology:P53
Uniprot ID:P04637
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
TP53 gene
Antigen NY-CO-13
Cellular Tumor Antigen p53
Cellular tumor antigen p53
Phosphoprotein p53
Tumor suppressor p53
protein TRP53
This gene encodes a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type.
P53
MSOntology:PAI1
Gene :HS048646
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
SERPINE1 gene
Serine (or Cysteine) Proteinase Inhibitor, Clade E (Nexin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1), Member 1 Gene
This gene is involved in the control of blood coagulation.
PAI1
MSOntology:PARK7
Gene :HS040489
Uniprot ID:Q99497
Oncogene DJ1
PARK7 gene
Parkinson disease protein 7
Protein DJ-1
The gene that encodes the protein that protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death.
PARK7
MSOntology:PDCD2
Gene :HS049006
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDCD2
PDCD2 protein
Programmed cell death protein 2
This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is thought to be involved in programmed cell death.
PDCD2
MSOntology:PDCD4
Gene :HS045191
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDCD4
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION INHIBITOR
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 4
Programmed Cell Death 4 (Neoplastic Transformation Inhibitor) Gene
This gene encodes a protein localized to the nucleus in proliferating cells and is is thought to play a role in apoptosis.
PDCD4
MSOntology:PDGFRA
Gene :HS049142
Uniprot ID:P16234
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PDGFR2 gene
PDGFRA gene
ANTIGENS CD 140A
Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor
CD140 antigen-like family member A
CD140a
CD140a antigen
EC 2.7.10.1
PDGF-R-alpha
PDGFR-2
PDGFR-alpha
Platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor 2
RECEPT PDGF ALPHA
RECEPTOR PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH ALPHA
RHEPDGFRA gene
Receptor, PDGF alpha
Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha
The gene that encodes tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis.
PDGFRA
MSOntology:PECAM1
Gene :HS049251
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PECAM1 gene
Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (CD31 Antigen) Gene
This gene is involved in several cellular processes such as thrombosis, hemostasis, immunity, and inflammatory responses.
PECAM1
MSOntology:PKB
Gene :HS043143
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
AKT1 Protein Kinase
Rac-PK alpha Protein
Rac-PK-alpha-Protein
alpha Protein, Rac-PK
c-akt1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins
RAC-Alpha Serine/Threonine Kinase (AKT1) encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. The activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. AKT1 also promotes cell survival and regulates nitric oxide from endothelium, target of the PDGF-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (From LocusLink and NCI)
PKB
MSOntology:PKCA
Gene :HS050488
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PRKCA gene
Protein Kinase C, Alpha Gene
This gene plays a role in numerous cellular processes such as adhesion, growth and volume control. It is also involved in memory function in the brain.
PKCA
MSOntology:PLA2G7
Gene :HS053778
GeneID :7941
LDL-PLA2
LP-PLA2
PAFAD
PAFAH
PLA2G7 phospholipase A2, group VII
phospholipase A2, group VII
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products.
PLA2G7
MSOntology:PLAT
Gene :HS049391
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PLAT gene
Plasminogen Activator, Tissue Gene
This gene is involved in blood coagulation, cell migration and tissue remodeling.
PLAT
MSOntology:PLP
DBA000110
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridoxal_phosphate
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0060617
Myelin PLP
Myelin-Proteolipid-Protein
PROTEOLIPID PROTEIN, MYELIN
Proteolipid-Protein, Myelin-
A prosthetic group of some enzymes which plays a role in the conversion of dopa into dopamine, allows the conversion of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and allows SAM to be decarboxylated to form propylamine, which is a precursor to polyamine.
PLP
MSOntology:PLSCR1
Gene :HS049438
Uniprot ID:O15162
PLSCR1 gene
Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid scramblase 1
Erythrocyte phospholipid scramblase
MmTRA1b
PL scramblase 1
Phospholipid scramblase 1
The gene that encodes a protein that may play a central role in the initiation of fibrin clot formation, in the activation of mast cells and in the recognition of apoptotic and injured cells by the reticuloendothelial system.
PLSCR1
MSOntology:PON1
Gene :HS049587
GeneID :5444
MVCD5
ESA
PON
PON1 paraoxonase 1
paraoxonase 1
The enzyme encoded by this gene is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon to produce p-nitrophenol.
PON1
MSOntology:POU2AF1
Gene :HS049627
BOB1
OBF-1
OBF1
OCAB
POU class 2 associating factor 1
POU2AF1 POU class 2 associating factor 1
POU domain proteins contain a bipartite DNA-binding domain divided by a flexible linker that enables them to adopt various monomer configurations on DNA.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/601206 )
POU2AF1
MSOntology:PRDX5
Gene :HS044555
PMP20 protein
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial
This gene encodes a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRDX5 )
PRDX5
MSOntology:PRR2
Gene :HS051435
GeneID :5819
PVRR2
CD112
HVEB
PVRL2
PVRL2 poliovirus receptor-related 2
poliovirus receptor-related 2
This gene encodes a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein with two Ig-like C2-type domains and an Ig-like V-type domain. This protein is one of the plasma membrane components of adherens junctions.
PRR2
MSOntology:PSEN2
Gene :HS050785
Uniprot ID:P49810
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PS2 gene
AD4 gene
C1418986
PRESENILIN 2
PS-2
PS2
PSNL2 gene
Presenilin-2
STM2
STM2 gene
This gene encodes protein that may play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. May function in the cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins.
PSEN2
MSOntology:PTPRC
Gene :HS051405
CD45
LY5
T200
B220
CD45R
GP180
L-CA
LCA
PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C
protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5788 )
PTPRC
MSOntology:Pace_auditory_serial_additional_task
PASAT
http://lmt.projectsinknowledge.com/Activity/index.cfm?showfile=b&jn=2023&sj=2023.12&sc=2023.12.3
A standardised test that measures the cognitive functioning of Auditory processing speed and working memory.
Pace auditory serial additional task
MSOntology:Paced_auditory_serial_addition_test
PASAT
A neuropsychological test, used to assess capacity and rate of information processing and sustained and divided attention.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paced_Auditory_Serial_Addition_Test )
Paced auditory serial addition test
MSOntology:Pacsin2
Gene :HS046086
Uniprot ID:Q9UNF0
Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 2
The protein that may play a role in vesicle formation and transport.
Pacsin2
MSOntology:Paraesthesia
MDC002006
MESH :D010292
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
PARESTHESIAS
Paraesthesia
Paraesthesias
Paresthesia
Abnormal cutaneous sensations of tingling, numbness, pressure, cold, and warmth that an individual experiences without the presence of a stimulus. It results from functional disturbances of sensory neurons. Causes include peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and nerve damage.
Paraesthesia
MSOntology:Paralysis
MeSH:MDC001986
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0522224
Paralyse
Paralysed
Paralysis
Paralysis
MSOntology:Paraparesis
MDC003721
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0221166
Parapareses
A slight paralysis or weakness of both legs.
Paraparesis
MSOntology:Paresis
MeSH:MDC002005
C0030552
Incomplete paralysis
A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68010291 )
Paresis
MSOntology:Parietal_Lobe
MESH : D010296
C0030560
Lobe, Parietal
Lobes, Parietal
Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere.
(MeSH definition )
Parietal_Lobe
MSOntology:Partial_Numbness
http://www.memidex.com/numbness+symptom
The partial lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction.
Partial_Numbness
MSOntology:Pathogenesis
The mechanism by which the disease is caused.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenesis )
Pathogenesis
MSOntology:Pathology_of_MS_disease
Anatomical pathology
The precise study and diagnosis of disease.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology )
Pathological feature
MSOntology:Pd-l1
http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000548
MFP1
Mfp1p
Pdi1p
Protein disulfide isomerase
TRG1
This multifunctional protein of ER lumen is essential for formation of disulfide bonds in secretory and cell-surface proteins and unscrambles non-native disulfide bonds.
Trg1p
YCL043C
Ycl043cp
Pd-l1
MSOntology:Pd-l2
http://www.pombase.org/spombe/result/SPBC3D6.13c
protein disulfide isomerase
ER associated protein disulfide isomerase Pdi2
protein disulfide isomerase Pdi2
Pd-l2
MSOntology:Pdgfb
Gene :HS049136
Uniprot ID: P01127
PDGF subunit B
PDGF-2
PDGF2
Platelet-derived growth factor B chain
Platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide
Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B
Proto-oncogene c-Sis
SIS
Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin.
Pdgfb
MSOntology:Pedivascular_inflammatory_infiltrate
http://dermnetnz.org/doctors/dermatopathology/inflammatory.html
Inflammatory cuff
The infiltrates of the inflammatory cells that are clustered around blood vessels.
Perivascular inflammatory infiltrate
MSOntology:Pemoline
Drug : DBA001219
MESH :D010389
2-Imino-4-keto-5-phenyltetrahydrooxazole
5-Phenylisohydantion
Abbott Brand of Pemoline
C0030800
Compounds, Pemoline
Cylert
Lilly Brand of Pemoline
Magnesium, Pemoline
Mallinckrodt Brand of Pemoline
PemADD
Pemoline Compounds
Pemoline Magnesium
Phenoxazole
Phenylisohydantoin
Tradon
A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Periaqueductal
MESH : D010487
periaqueductal gray
Central gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the mesencephalon. Physiologically it is probably involved in rage reactions, the lordosis reflex, feeding responses, bladder tonus, and pain.
(MeSH definition)
Periaqueductal
MSOntology:Peripheral
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dysarthria.html
The dysarthria which affects the airflow of speech and results in distorted consonants and speaking in short phrases.
Peripheral
MSOntology:Peripheral_Nerves
MESH :D010525
C0031119
Nerves, Peripheral
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.
(MeSH definition)
Peripheral_Nerves
MSOntology:Peripheral_benzodiazepine_receptor
PBR
Gene :HS085775
Uniprot ID:P30536
BZRP
TSPO
MBR
Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor
PKBS
Translocator protein
Responsible for the manifestation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites and is most likely to comprise binding domains for benzodiazepines and isoquinoline carboxamides. May play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme. Plays a role in the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes in steroidogenic cells.
Peripheral_benzodiazepine_receptor
MSOntology:Peripheral_tolerence_breakdown
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_tolerance
The breakdown in the immunological tolerance developed after T and B cells mature and enter the periphery.
Peripheral tolerence breakdown
MSOntology:Periventicular
A thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleus )
Periventicular
MSOntology:Periventricular
A thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleus )
Periventricular
MSOntology:Phagocyte
MESH : D010586
The white blood cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte )
Phagocyte
MSOntology:Pharmacoeconomic
The scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacoeconomics )
Pharmacoeconomic
MSOntology:Pharmacotherapy
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013216
CHEMOTHER
CT - Chemotherapy
Chemotherapies
Chemotherapy
DRUG THER
DT
DT - Drug therapy
Drug Therapies
Drug Therapy
Drug therapy NOS
PHARMACOTHER
Pharmacological Treatment
Pharmacological Treatments
Pharmacotherapies
Pharmacotherapy
THER DRUG
Therapies, Drug
Therapy, Drug
Treatment With Medication
Treatment with any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition.
Pharmacotherapy
MSOntology:Phenytoin
Drug :DBA000246
MESH :D010672
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl-
5,5-Diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
C0031507
DPH
Diphenylhydantoin
Fenitoin
Phenylhydantoin
Phenytoin
Phenytoin - chemical
Phenytoin product
An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
MSOntology:Phosphatidyl_Serine
PS
Ptd-L-Ser
A phospholipid component, usually kept on the inner-leaflet (the cytosolic side) of cell membranes by an enzyme called flippase.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylserine )
Phosphatidyl_Serine
MSOntology:Phosphene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Accommodation phosphene
C0031624
Phosphenes
A subjective visual sensation with the eyes closed and in the absence of light. Phosphenes can be spontaneous, or induced by chemical, electrical, or mechanical (pressure) stimuli which cause the visual field to light up without optical inputs.
Phosphene
MSOntology:Physical
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)#Physical_fatigue
C0031809
Physical Examination
Physical assessment
lack of strength
muscle weakness
The inability to exert force with one's muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's generalphysical fitness.
Physical
MSOntology:Physical_Therapy
PT
physiotherapy
C0949766
Rehabilitation
A health care profession primarily concerned with the remediation of impairments and disabilities and the promotion of mobility, functional ability, quality of life and movement potential through examination, evaluation, diagnosis and physical intervention .
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy )
_Physical_Therapy
MSOntology:Pins_and_Needles
A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause.
(Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pins+and+needles+sensation )
Pins_and_Needles
MSOntology:Piracetam
MESH :D010889
1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, 2-oxo-
2-Pyrrolidone-N-Acetamide
2-Pyrrolidone-N-Acetamide
AbZ Brand of Piracetam
Almirall Brand of Piracetam
Alpharma Brand of Piracetam
Avigilen
Axonyl
Azupharma Brand of Piracetam
C0031977
Cerebroforte
Cerepar N
Ciclofalina
Cuxabrain
Dinagen
Gabacet
Geram
Hexal Brand of Piracetam
Holsten Brand of Piracetam
Hormona Brand of Piracetam
Memo Puren
Memo-Puren
Merckle Brand of Piracetam
Nootrop
Nootropil
Nootropyl
Normabraïn
Pfizer Brand of Piracetam
Piracebral
Piracetam AbZ
Piracetam RPh
Piracetam-RPh
Piracetrop
Pirazetam
Pyracetam
Pyramem
Riemser Brand of Piracetam
Rodleben Brand of Piracetam
Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Piracetam
Sinapsan
TAD Brand of Piracetam
UCB 6215
UCB Brand of Piracetam
UCB-6215
UCB6215
Vedim Brand of Piracetam
A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Pittsburg_Sleep_Quality_Index
A self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval.
(Scientific Reference: Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213.
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
MSOntology:Plaque
lesion
The patches of demyelination that occur with multiple sclerosis, especially those where the myelin is replaced by scar tissue.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/plaque.html )
Plaque
MSOntology:Plaque_scar_formation
Brain Pathol. 1996 Jul;6(3):259-74.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_scar
The demyelinated plaque with reactive glial scar formation, a reactive cellular process involving astrogliosis that occurs after injury to the Central Nervous System.
Plaque scar formation
MSOntology:Plasmacytoid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell
IPC
interferon-producing cells
The dendritic cells that can produce high amounts of interferon-alpha.
Plasmacytoid
MSOntology:Plasmapheresis
MESH :D010956
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Plasma Exchange
Plasmaphereses
Plasmapheresis
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Therapeutic Plasmapheresis
The process of separating certain cells from the plasma in the blood by a machine, only the cells are returned to the person. Plasmapheresis can be used to remove excess antibodies from the blood.
Plasmapheresis
MSOntology:Pons
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0032639
Pons Cerebelli
Pons Varolii
Pons cerebri
Pontine structure
pontine
The middle portion of the brainstem located between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. The fourth ventricle lies dorsal to the pons which also contains the motor trigeminal nuclei and the abducens nuclei. The cerebellum contributes a large number of afferent fibers to the pons.
Pons
MSOntology:Poor_judgement
Poor_judgement
MSOntology:Poser_Criteria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poser_criteria
Diagnostic criteria developed to delineate groups of multiple sclerosis patients whose diagnosis will be accepted by a wide range of investigators worldwide for inclusion in various studies and protocols.
(Scientific Reference; doi:10.1002/ana.410130302/pdf)
Poser Criteria
MSOntology:Positron_emmision_tomography
PET
A nuclear medicine imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography )
Positron emmision tomography biomarker
MSOntology:Postaglandin_E2
MESH :D015232
(15S)-Prostaglandin E2
(5Z,11-alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
(5Z,11.alpha.,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
(5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic
(5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
(5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate
(5Z,13E,15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
(E,Z)-(1R,2R,3R)-7-(3-Hydroxy-2-((3S)-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl))-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
05D31BD5-818B-4A92-8CFC-BEC19926A5B3
363-24-6
5-Heptenoic acid, 7-(3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)-
5-Heptenoic acid, 7-(3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)- (8CI)
5-Heptenoic acid, 7-(3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)-, l-
7-(3-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
AC-6098
AC1NQWXW
BML1-F07
BMS-279654 & PGE2
BRD-K26521938-001-04-9
BSPBio_001490
C00584
CHEBI:15551
CHEMBL548
CID5280360
Cervidil
Cervidil (TN)
D00079
D015232
DAP000360
DB00917
Dinoproston
Dinoprostona
Dinoprostona [INN-Spanish]
Dinoprostone
Dinoprostone (JAN/USP/INN)
Dinoprostone Prostaglandin E2
Dinoprostone [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]
Dinoprostone beta-Cyclodextrin Clathrate
Dinoprostonum
Dinoprostonum [INN-Latin]
E2 alpha, Prostaglandin
E2, Prostaglandin
E2alpha, Prostaglandin
EINECS 206-656-6
Gel, Prepidil
HMS1361K12
HMS1791K12
HMS1989K12
HMS2089D17
IDI1_033960
LMFA03010003
LS-125823
Minprositin E2
Minprostin E2
MolPort-003-939-184
NCGC00092361-01
NCGC00092361-02
NCGC00092361-03
NCGC00092361-04
NCGC00092361-05
NSC 165560
NSC 196514
P0409_SIGMA
P5640_SIGMA
P6532_SIGMA
PGE2
PGE2 alpha
PGE2alpha
Prepidil
Prepidil (TN)
Prepidil Gel
Prestwick_793
Propess
Prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid, (5Z,11-alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxo-
Prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid, 11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxo-, (5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-
Prostaglandin E2 alpha
Prostaglandin E2alpha
Prostarmon E
Prostarmon E2
Prostenon
Prostin
Prostin E
Prostin E2
Prostin E2 (TN)
SMP2_000056
ST50826265
U 12062
U-12062
UNII-K7Q1JQR04M
[3H]PGE2
alpha, PGE2
alpha, Prostaglandin E2
l-7-(3-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
l-PGE2
l-Prostaglandin E2
nchembio.106-comp6
nchembio.147-comp12
The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68015232 )
Prostaglandin_E2
MSOntology:Postsynaptic_Terminal
The receiving part of the connection (synapse) between two nerve cells (neurons).
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/postsynapticterminal.html )
Postsynaptic_Terminal
MSOntology:Potassium_Channels
MESH : D015221
C0032824
Channel, Potassium
Channel, Potassium Ion
MSOntology:Prednisolone
MESH :D011239
1,2-Dehydrohydrocortisone
C0032950
Di Adreson F
Di-Adreson-F
DiAdresonF
Predate
Predonine
A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Prednisone
MESH :D011241
1, 2-Dehydrocortisone
Apo-Prednisone
Apotex Brand of Prednisone
Aventis Brand of Prednisone
C0032952
Cortan
Cortancyl
Cutason
Dacortin
Decortin Brand of Prednisone
Decortisyl
Dehydrocortisone
Deltasone
Diba Brand of Prednisone
Encorton
Encortone
Enkortolon
Fawns & McAllan Brand of Prednisone
Ferring Brand of Prednisone
GALENpharma Brand of Prednisone
Halsey Drug Brand of Prednisone
Hexal Brand of Prednisone
Hoechst Brand of Prednisone
ICN Brand of Prednisone
Kortancyl
Lichtenstein Brand of Prednisone
Liquid Pred
Merck Brand of Prednisone
Merz Brand of Prednisone
Meticorten
Orasone
Panafcort
Panasol
Pharmacia Brand of Prednisone
Predni Tablinen
Prednidib
Predniment
Prednison Galen
Prednison Hexal
Prednison acsis
Pronisone
Rectodelt
Schering-Plough Brand of Prednisone
Seatrace Brand of Prednisone
Solvay Brand of Prednisone
Sone
Sterapred
Trommsdorff Brand of Prednisone
Ultracorten
Winpred
acis Brand of Prednisone
delta-Cortisone
mibe Brand of Prednisone
A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Pregabalin
Drug :DBA000224
(R-)-3-isobutyl GABA
(S+)-3-isobutyl GABA
3-isobutyl GABA
Lyrica
An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregabalin )
MSOntology:Presynaptic_Terminal
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Axon Terminal
C0206181
Nerve Ending, Presynaptic
The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=presynaptic%20terminal )
Presynaptic_Terminal
MSOntology:Prickling
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Prickling
a somatic sensation as from many tiny prickles.
Prickling
MSOntology:Primary_cell_cultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
Cells that are cultured directly from a subject.
Primary cell cultures
MSOntology:Primary_progressive_MS
http://thjuland.tripod.com/multiple-sclerosis.html#P/P
PPMS
This form of MS is characterized by a slow steady onset, usually beginning with walking difficulties; steadily worsening motor dysfunctions and increased disability, but with a total lack of distinct inflammatory attacks.
Primary progressive MS
MSOntology:Primidone
Drug :DBA000787
MESH :D011324
2-Deoxyphenobarbital
Apo-Primidone
Apotex Brand of Primidone
Astra Brand of Primidone
AstraZeneca Brand of Primidone
C0033148
Desitin Brand of Primidone
Desoxyphenobarbital
Draxis Brand of Primidone
Holsten Brand of Primidone
Liskantin
Misodine
Mizodin
Mylepsinum
Mysoline
Primaclone
Primidon Holsten
Resimatil
Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand of Primidone
Sertan
Xcel Brand of Primidone
Zeneca Brand of Primidone
An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to phenobarbital in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Primodone
therapy using Primodone
MSOntology:Pro-inflammatory_signals
doi: 10.1084/jem.20111760
The proinflammatory cytokines that are the signals to globally promote NK and T cell activation and cytotoxicity.
Pro-inflammatory signals
MSOntology:Problem_making_small_movement
Problem_making_small_movement
MSOntology:Problem_to_move_Leg
Problem_to_move_Leg
MSOntology:Problem_to_move_arm
Problem_to_move_arm
MSOntology:Prochlorperazine
Drug :DBA000426
MESH :D011346
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0033229
A drug used to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiemetics.
therapy using Prochlorperazine
MSOntology:Prognosis
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0033325
Determination of prognosis
Forecast of outcome
Prediction of Outcome
Prognoses
The likely outcome or course of a disease, the chance of recovery or recurrence.
Prognosis
MSOntology:Progressive_MS
Progressive MS
MSOntology:Proinflammatory_cytokines
A cytokine which promotes systemic inflammation.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokine )
Proinflammatory cytokines
MSOntology:Promethazine
Drug :DBA001059
MESH :D011398
10H-Phenothiazine-10-ethanamine, N,N,alpha-trimethyl-
Atosil
C0033405
Diphergan
Diprazin
Hydrochloride, Promethazine
Isopromethazine
Phenargan
Phenergan
Phensedyl
Pipolfen
Pipolphen
Proazamine
Promet
Prometazin
Promethazine Hydrochloride
Prothazin
Pyrethia
Remsed
Rumergan
A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.
(MeSH definition )
therapy using Promethazine
MSOntology:Propranolol
Drug :DBA000564
MESH :D011433
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0033497
Propanolol
Propranolol
A synthetic, nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker with antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive properties. Propranolol competitively antagonizes beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing negative chronotropic and inotropic effects leading to a reduction in cardiac output.
MSOntology:Protein_c_inhibitor
Gene :HS048768
MESH :D018046
Activated Protein C Inhibitor
PAI-3
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 3
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor, Type 3
Protein C Inhibitor, Activated
Serpin A5
Type 3 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
A member of the serpin family of proteins that is found in plasma and urine. It is dependent on heparin and is able to inhibit activated protein C,thrombin, kallikrein and other serine endopeptidase.
Protein_c_inhibitor
MSOntology:Pruritus
MeSH:MDC002191
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0033774
Irritating sensation
Irritation - sensation
Itch of skin
Itching
Pruritic dermatitis
Pruritic disorder
Pruritic disorders
Pruritus - disorder
Pruritus of skin
Skin irritation
A disorder characterized by an intense itching sensation.
Pruritus
MSOntology:Psycosis
MeSH:MDC000062
A mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosis )
Psychosis
MSOntology:Putamen
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0034169
Putamen
Putamens
Structure of putamen
A structure located in the middle of the brain. The putamen is part of the basal ganglia and together with the caudate forms the striatum that influences motor activity.
Putamen
MSOntology:Pyramids
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_of_medulla_oblongata
medullary pyramids
The two structures that travel along the length on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata.
Pyramids
MSOntology:Quadraparesis
Tetraplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/quadraparesis )
Quadraparesis
MSOntology:Quality_of_life
MESH: D011788
Life Qualities
Life Quality
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.
(MeSH definition )
Quality of life
MSOntology:RASGEF1B
Gene :HS042188
GPIG4
RASGEF1B RasGEF domain family, member 1B
RasGEF domain family, member 1B
This gene encodes the RAS proteins that are small GTPases that function as GDP/GTP molecular switches and control diverse signaling networks.
(Source: http://omim.org/entry/614532 )
RASGEF1B
MSOntology:RGS1
Gene :HS051647
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
RGS1 gene
Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 1 Gene
This gene plays a role in signal transduction, protein binding and B-cell activation.
RGS1
MSOntology:RIP15
Gene :HS053316
MESH :C469720
LXR-A protein
LXR-alpha protein
LXRA protein
LXRalpha protein
LXRbeta protein
NER protein
NR1H2 protein
NR1H3 protein
Nr1h2 protein
Nr1h3 protein
Nuclear orphan receptor LXR-alpha
OR-1 protein
RLD1 protein
RXR-interacting protein 15
UR protein
liver X receptor alpha
liver X receptor beta
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2 protein
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 protein
oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha
oxysterols receptor LXR-beta
orphan receptor of nuclear receptor superfamily involved in retinoid response pathway.
(MeSH definition)
RIP15
MSOntology:RPL5
Gene :HS051755
GeneID :6125
DBA6
MSTP030
L5
RPL5 ribosomal protein L5
ribosomal protein L5
This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L18P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein binds 5S rRNA to form a stable complex called the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), which is necessary for the transport of nonribosome-associated cytoplasmic 5S rRNA to the nucleolus for assembly into ribosomes.
RPL5
MSOntology:RSAD2
Gene :HS056099
Uniprot ID:Q8WXG1
CIG5 gene
Cytomegalovirus-induced gene 5 protein
RSAD2 gene
Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2
Viperin
Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible
The gene that encodes Interferon-inducible iron-sulfur (4FE-4S) cluster-binding antiviral protein which plays a major role in the cell antiviral state induced by type I and type II interferon.
RSAD2
MSOntology:Race
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0034510
Human race
Races
Racial Group
Stock, Racial
Stocks, Racial
An arbitrary classification of a taxonomic group that is a division of a species. It usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species and is characterized by shared heredity, physical attributes and behavior, and in the case of humans, by common history, nationality, or geographic distribution.
_Race
MSOntology:Raine_classification
Raine classification
MSOntology:Rbp4
Gene :HS051609
Uniprot ID:P02753
Plasma retinol-binding protein
Retinol-binding protein 4
The protein that delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, this prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.
Rbp4
MSOntology:Reaction_time_Test
http://www.humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/index.php
This is a simple tool to measure one's reaction time with.
Reaction time Test
MSOntology:Reactivation_autoimmune_cells
Reactivation autoimmune cells
MSOntology:Reactive_Species
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radicals
Free radical
The atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons or an open shell configuration and play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds.
Reactive_Species
MSOntology:Receptors
Receptor
A molecule most often found on the surface of a cell, which receives chemical signals originating externally from the cell.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry) )
_Receptors
MSOntology:Red_Nucleus
MESH : D012012
C0034910
Nucleus, Red
A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum.
(MeSH definition )
Red_Nucleus
MSOntology:Reflexes
Reflex
An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
Source: GOC:dph, ISBN:087797099
MSOntology:Relapse
Recurrence of symptoms after apparent cure or period of improvement.
Relapse
MSOntology:Relapsing_EAE
Scientific Reference: J Autoimmun. 2000 May;14(3):205-11.
A Th1-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS) in which the primary disease relapse is mediated by T cells specific for the endogenous epitope.
(Scientific Reference: J Autoimmun. 2000 May;14(3):205-11.)
Relapsing EAE
MSOntology:Relative_Afferent_Pupillary_Defect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_pupillary_defect
Marcus Gunn pupil
A medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test whereupon the patient's pupilsconstrict less (therefore appearing to dilate) when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.
Relative_Afferent_Pupillary_Defect
MSOntology:Remission
An abatement in intensity or degree (as in the manifestations of a disease).
Remission
MSOntology:Remyelination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remyelination
A term for the re-generation of the nerve's myelin sheath, damaged in many diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and the leukodystrophies.
Remyelination
Remyelination
MSOntology:Resolution_acute_inflammation
The inflammatory response must be actively terminated when no longer needed to prevent unnecessary "bystander" damage to tissues. Failure to do so results in chronic inflammation, and cellular destruction. Resolution of inflammation occurs by different mechanisms in different tissues.
(Scientific Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inflammation#Resolution_of_inflammation )
Resolution acute inflammation
MSOntology:Resting_Potential
A nerve cell's (or neuron's) state of electropotential charge when it is in a state of rest ready to receive a nerve impulse (the action potential). The resting potential is a state of disequillibrium where the surrounding extracellular fluid has a positive charge and the neuron itself has a negative charge.
(Source: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/restingpotential.html )
Resting_Potential
MSOntology:Restless_Leg_Syndrome
MDC002279
C0035258
RLS
Restless Legs
Willis-Ekbom disease
A neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restless_leg_syndrome )
Restless_Leg_Syndrome
MSOntology:Reticular
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation
A region in the brainstem consisting of more than 100 small neural networks and is involved in multiple tasks such as regulating the sleep-wake cycle and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli.
Reticular
MSOntology:Retinal_nervefibre_layer_thickness
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNFL
RNFL
stratum opticum thickness
The thickness of the nerve fibre layer that is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata.
Retinal nervefibre layer thickness biomarker
MSOntology:Retro_virus
An RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retro_virus )
Retro virus
MSOntology:Retrobilbar_pain
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retrobulbar+optic+neuritis
Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis
orbital optic neuritis
The pain associated with the inflammation of the orbital portion of the optic nerve.
Retrobulbar pain
MSOntology:Retrograde_axonal_degeneration
Scientific Reference: PMID: 17892412
Axonal dieback
Dying back
The process in which axons in spinal tracts retract away from the initial site of injury.
(Scientific Reference: PMID: 17892412)
Retrograde axonal degeneration
MSOntology:Rey_Auditory_Verbal_Learning_Test
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Rey_Auditory_Verbal_Learning_Test
The Auditory Verbal Learning Test evaluates a wide diversity of functions: short-term auditory-verbal memory, rate of learning, learning strategies, retroactive, and proactive interference, presence of confabulation of confusion in memory processes, retention of information, and differences between learning and retrieval.
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
MSOntology:Rituximab
Drug :DBA000073
MESH :C092560
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0393022
Genentech brand of rituximab
Hoffmann-La Roche brand of rituximab
IDEC brand of rituximab
MabThera
Rituxan
Roche brand of rituximab
A drug used to treat certain types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also used with other drugs to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis. It is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer and other conditions. Rituximab binds to a protein called CD20, which is found on B-cells, and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of monoclonal antibody.
MSOntology:Romberg_Sign
Rombergism
An indication of loss of the sense of position in which the patient loses balance when standing erect, with feet together and eyes closed.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/romberg+sign )
MSOntology:Romberg_Test
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romberg's_test
Test used by doctors in a neurological examination, and also as a test for drunken driving.
Romberg_Test
MSOntology:S100a
S100A protein
S100A proteins are involved in the inflammatory CorNV model and that S100A8 or S100A9 in particular might be employed as targets in managing diseases involving this pathological process.
(Scientific Reference: Mol Vis. 2010 Oct 31;16:2225-35. )
S100a
MSOntology:S100b
Gene :HS051880
MESH :C068617
NTP-S100beta
S-100b protein
S-100beta
S100 calcium binding protein, beta (neural)
S100 protein, beta polypeptide
S100b protein
S100beta protein
nerve tissue protein S 100, beta subunit
nerve tissue protein S 100b
neural protein S-100B
neurotrophic protein S100beta
A biomarker of neural tissue damage; stimulates glial cell proliferation.
(MeSH definition)
S100b
MSOntology:SCIN
Gene :HS055441
GeneID :85477
SCIN scinderin
scinderin
This gene encodes SCIN which is a Ca(2+)-dependent actin-severing and -capping protein .
SCIN
MSOntology:SF-36_quality_of_life_scale
Generic health-related quality of life measure that could provide a basis for comparison between the MS patients and other populations.
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/for-professionals/researchers/clinical-study-measures/sf-36/index.aspx )
SF-36 quality of life scale
MSOntology:SIR2L1
Gene :HS044007
Uniprot ID:Q96EB6
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1423062
HST2, S. CEREVISIAE, HOMOLOG OF
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1
Regulatory protein SIR2 homolog 1
SIR2, S. CEREVISIAE, HOMOLOG-LIKE 1
SIR2-ALPHA
SIR2-like protein 1
SIR2L1
SIRT1 gene
Sirtuin (Silent Mating Type Information Regulation 2 Homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae) Gene
hSIR2
hSIRT1
The gene that encodes NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy.
SIR2L1
MSOntology:SLC25A8
Gene :HS053298
GeneID :7351
BMIQ4
UCP2
UCP2 uncoupling protein 2
UCPH
uncoupling protein 2
uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)
This gene encodes proteins that facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
SLC25A8
MSOntology:SOD1
Gene :HS052683
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
SOD1 Gene
Superoxide Dismutase 1, Soluble (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 1 (Adult)) Gene
This gene plays a role in the detoxification of superoxide radicals in the cytosol.
SOD1
MSOntology:STARD13
Gene :HS055946
GeneID :90627
GT650
ARHGAP37
DLC2
LINC00464
STARD13 StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 13
StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 13
This gene encodes a protein which contains an N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) for protein-protein interactions, followed by an ATP/GTP-binding motif, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain, and a C-terminal STAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain. It may be involved in regulation of cytoskeletal reorganization, cell proliferation, and cell motility, and acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatoma cells.
STARD13
MSOntology:STAT1
Gene :HS052789
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
STAT1 gene
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1, 91kDa Gene
This gene plays a role in signal transduction and activation of transcription. It is involved in cell organization/biogenesis.
STAT1
MSOntology:STK17A
Gene :HS056277
Uniprot ID:Q9UEE5
STK17A gene
DAP kinase-related apoptosis-inducing protein kinase 1
DRAK1 gene
EC 2.7.11.1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17A
This gene encodes protein that acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. Also acts as a regulator of cellular reactive oxygen species.
STK17A
MSOntology:SYN3
Gene :HS054547
GeneID :8224
SYN3 synapsin III
synapsin III
This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases.
SYN3
MSOntology:Schumacher_Criteria
Schumacker criteria
Is a criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis, capture the essence of the diagnosis of MS: CNS lesions disseminated in space and time, and elimination of alternative diagnoses. These criteria render MS a diagnosis of exclusion. Require that the patient age be between 10 and 50, and finding of objective abnomalies on examination, both of which are now outdated. (http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/neurology/multiple_sclerosis/#bib9)
1.Clinical signs of a problem in the CNS
2.Evidence of two or more areas of CNS involvement
3.Evidence of white matter involvement
4.One of these: Two or more relapses (each lasting ≥ 24 hr and separated by at least 1 month) or progression (slow or stepwise)
5.Patient should be between 10 and 50 yr old at time of examination
6.No better explanation for patient’s symptoms and signs
Schumacher Criteria
MSOntology:Scn2a
Gene :HS051913
Uniprot ID:Q99250
HBSCII protein
Na(v)1.2 channel
Na(v)1.2a protein
Nav1.2a protein
SCN2A channel
SCN2A protein
SCN2A1 protein
SCN2A2 protein
Scn2A protein
Scn2a1 protein
sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha
sodium channel, voltage-gated, type 2, alpha 1 polypeptide
sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha 1
sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha 1 protein
sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha 1 subunit
sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha 2 protein,
voltage-gated, type 2, alpha 1 polypeptide
The protein that mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na+ ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.
Scn2a
MSOntology:Scopolamine
Drug :DBA000740
MESH :D012601
hyoscine
levo-duboisine
6,7-Epoxytropine Tropate
C0036442
A tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopolamine )
therapy using Scopolamine
MSOntology:Scotoma
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0036454
Unspecified visual field defect
Visual field defect
Visual field loss
Visual field scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA), OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.
Scotoma
MSOntology:Scripps_Neurologic_Rating_Scale
Scientific Reference: Can J Neurol Sci. 1999 Nov;26(4):283-9.
A summary measure of individual components comprising a neurological examination, designed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS).
(Scientific Reference: Can J Neurol Sci. 1999 Nov;26(4):283-9. )
Scripps_Neurologic_Rating_Scale
MSOntology:Secondary_lymphoid_organ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_lymphoid_organ#Lymphoid_tissue
Peripheral lymphoid organ
MSOntology:Secondary_progressive_MS
Galloping MS
SPMS
Individuals who initially had Relapsing MS (clear-cut attacks and remissions), over time (10 - 15 yrs) the disease pattern changes, evolving into the Progressive stage.
Secondary progressive MS
MSOntology:Secretogranin_i
SgI
Gene :HS040327
MESH :C506134
Uniprot ID: P05060
CHGB gene
CgB
Chromogranin-B
SCG1 gene
Secretogranin I
A neuroendocrine secretory granule protein, which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides.
Secretogranin_i
MSOntology:Selectins
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0282651
Selectin
Selectins
Family of cell adhesion molecules consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that encode proteins homologous to complement-binding proteins. Selectins mediate the binding of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Selectins
MSOntology:Selective_Serotonin_Reuptake_Inhibitors
MESH :D017367
5 HT Uptake Inhibitors
5 Hydroxytryptamine Uptake Inhibitors
5-HT Uptake Inhibitors
5-Hydroxytryptamine Uptake Inhibitors
Inhibitors, 5 HT Uptake
Inhibitors, 5 Hydroxytryptamine Uptake
Inhibitors, 5-HT Uptake
Inhibitors, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Uptake
Inhibitors, Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors, Serotonin Uptake
Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Uptake Inhibitors, 5 HT
Uptake Inhibitors, 5 Hydroxytryptamine
Uptake Inhibitors, 5-HT
Uptake Inhibitors, 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Uptake Inhibitors, Serotonin
Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:Selective_reminding_test
http://lmt.projectsinknowledge.com/Activity/index.cfm?showfile=b&jn=2023&sj=2023.12&sc=2023.12.3
SRT
A standardised test that measures the cognitive functioning of Auditory/verbal episodic memory.
Selective reminding test
MSOntology:Self_antigen_presentation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system#Antigen_presentation
Adaptive immunity relies on the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between the body's own cells and unwanted invaders. The host's cells express "self" antigens.With the exception of non-nucleated cells, all cells are capable of presenting antigen and of activating the adaptive response.This process is termed self antigen presentation.
Self antigen presentation
MSOntology:Semliki_Forest_Virus
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0036636
SFV - Semliki Forest virus
Semliki forest virus
A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
Semliki Forest virus
MSOntology:Sensory
A form of ataxia (loss of coordination) caused by loss of sensory input into the control of movement.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_ataxia )
MSOntology:Sensory_Neuron
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Afferent Neuron
C0034837
Neural Receptor
Neuron, Sensory
The neurons responsible for converting various external stimuli that comes from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron )
Sensory_Neuron
MSOntology:Sensory_Perception
Function,Sensory
Functions, Sensory
Organoleptic
Sensation
Sensory Function
Sensory Functions
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
(Source: http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007600&session_id=8029amigo1350898328 )
MSOntology:Sensory_loss
Sensory impairment
A disease of the nerves whereby the myelin or insulating sheath of myelin on the nerves does not stay intact and the messages from the brain to the muscles through the nerves are not carried properly.
(Source: http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Sensory+loss )
Sensory_loss
MSOntology:Serology
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
SEROL
Study of serum
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serology)
Serology
MSOntology:Serotonin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
5 Hydroxytryptamine
5-HT
C0036751
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68012701 )
MSOntology:Serum_paraoxonase
Gene :HS049587
Uniprot ID:P27169
PON1 gene
A-esterase 1
Aromatic esterase 1
EC 3.1.1.2
EC 3.1.1.81
EC 3.1.8.1
K-45
PON 1
PON gene
Serum aryldialkylphosphatase 1
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1
The protein that hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Mediates an enzymatic protection of low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to atheroma formation.
Serum_paraoxonase
MSOntology:Sexual
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Activities, Sexual
C0036864
Finding related to sexual behavior
Finding relating to sexuality and sexual activity
Observations relating to sexuality and sexual activity
Sex Behavior
Sexual behaviour finding
Sexual finding
Sexual state
Sexual activities of humans.
Sexual
MSOntology:Sickness_Impact_Profile
SIP
Scientific Reference: Med Care. 1981 Aug;19(8):787-805.
Impact Profile, Sickness
A behaviorally based measure of health status.
(Scientific Reference: Med Care. 1981 Aug;19(8):787-805. )
Sickness_Impact_Profile
MSOntology:Skin_Crawling
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=skin-crawling&defid=4384253
A sensation which causes someone's skin to feel funny or get goose pimples through fright.
Skin_Crawling
MSOntology:Slurred_speech
abnormal speech in which words are not enunciated clearly or completely but are run together or partially eliminated.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/slurred+speech )
Slurred_speech
MSOntology:Smoking
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0037369
Finding of tobacco smoking behavior
Smoking
Smoking, Tobacco
Smokings, Tobacco
Tobacco Smoking
Tobacco Smokings
Tobacco smoking behavior
Tobacco smoking behavior - finding
Tobacco smoking behaviour
Tobacco smoking behaviour - finding
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or something similar to tobacco.
_Smoking
MSOntology:Social_and_economics_of_MS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic
The use of economics in the study of social influence of MS
Social and economics of MS
MSOntology:Social_aspect
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_definition_of_social_aspect
Any thing which are related with our family.
Social aspect
MSOntology:Sod1
Gene :HS052683
Uniprot ID:P00441
EC 1.15.1.1
Superoxide dismutase 1
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
hSod1
The protein that destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Sod1
MSOntology:Sodium_Channels
MESH :D015222
C0037492
Channel, Sodium
Cell membrane glycoproteins selective for sodium ions. Fast sodium current is associated with the action potential in neural membranes.
(MeSH definition)
Sodium_Channels
MSOntology:Sodium_Valproate
MESH :D014635
Divalproex Sodium
Valproate, Sodium
2 Propylpentanoic Acid
2-Propylpentanoic Acid
Acetate, Dipropyl
Acid, Propylisopropylacetic
Acid, Valproic
Convulsofin
Depakene
Depakine
Depakote
Dipropyl Acetate
Divalproex
Ergenyl
Magnesium Valproate
Propylisopropylacetic Acid
Semisodium Valproate
Sodium, Divalproex
Sodium, Valproate
Valproate
Valproate Sodium
Valproate, Magnesium
Valproate, Semisodium
Valproic Acid
Valproic Acid, Sodium Salt (2:1)
Vupral
A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. It may act by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.
MSOntology:Soma
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0007248
Carisoprodate
Wallace Brand 3 of Carisoprodol
A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)
Soma
MSOntology:SomatoSensory_Evoked_Potential
SEP
A test that measures the brain’s electrical activity in response to repeated (mild) electrical stimulation of different parts of the body
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/search-results/index.aspx?q=somatosensory+evoked+potential&x=0&y=0&start=0&num=20 )
SomatoSensory_Evoked_Potential
MSOntology:Sorbitol
MESH :D013012
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0037688
A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.
Sorbitol
MSOntology:Sound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphene
C0037709
Sonic Radiation
The flashes of light that are often associated with optic neuritis, induced by sound.
Sound
MSOntology:Sox-10
Gene :HS052702
Uniprot ID:P56693
Transcription factor SOX-10
Transcription factor that seems to function synergistically with the POU domain protein TST-1/OCT6/SCIP. Could confer cell specificity to the function of other transcription factors in developing and mature glia.
Transcription factor that seems to function synergistically with the POU domain protein TST-1/OCT6/SCIP. Could confer cell specificity to the function of other transcription factors in developing and mature glia.
(Source: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P56693 )
Sox-10
MSOntology:Sox-9
Gene :HS052701
Uniprot ID: P48436
Transcription factor SOX-9
The protein that plays an important role in the normal skeletal development. May regulate the expression of other genes involved in chondrogenesis by acting as a transcription factor for these genes.
Sox-9
MSOntology:Spag16
Gene :HS053808
http://omim.org/entry/612173
PF20 protein
SPAG16 protein
hPF20 protein
sperm associated antigen 16 protein
The gene that encodes 2 major proteins that associate with the axoneme of sperm tail and the nucleus of postmeiotic germ cells, respectively.
Spag16
MSOntology:Spasm
MDC002445
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0037763
Muscle Spasm
Myospasm
SPASM(S), MUSCLE
Spasm of muscle
Spasms, Muscular
Spasmus
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Spasm
MSOntology:Spastic
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/dysarthria.html
The spasticity of the muscles involved in speech and gives rise to a lot of problems with speech depending on the affected muscles.
Spastic
MSOntology:Spasticity
MDC001749
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0026838
Muscle spasm - tone
Spasticity
MSOntology:Spasticity_Drugs
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/spasticity/index.aspx
The drugs used to treat spasticity,which refers to feelings of stiffness and a wide range of involuntary muscle spasms .
MSOntology:Spasticity_scale
Bookshelf ID: NBK27285
A scale which is used to quantify the severity of spasticity.
Spasticity scale
MSOntology:Speech_therapy
Speech Therapies
Therapies, Speech
Therapy, Speech
Treatment of speech defects and disorders, especially through use of exercises and audio-visual aids that develop new speech habits.
(Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/speech+therapy )
_Speech therapy
MSOntology:Sphincter_symptom
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-sphincter.htm
The symptoms arising when a sphincter muscle loses its ability to hold itself closed, thereby losing control over bladder and bowel movements
Sphincter symptom
MSOntology:Sphingolipids
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0037900
A class of dietary lipids containing a long-chained sphingosine group (unsaturated amino alcohol with formula C18H37NO2), fatty acids bound to the NH2 group as an amide, and either sugars or phosphoric acid and alcohols bound to the primary hydroxy group .
Sphingolipids
MSOntology:Spinal_Cord
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0037925
Cord, Spinal
A long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain .
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord)
Spinal_Cord
MSOntology:Spinal_Cord_Area
Spinal Cord
A long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord )
Spinal_Cord_Area
MSOntology:Spinal_Cord_Autonomic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+cord+myelitis
An abnormal condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord with associated dysfunction in sympathetic nerves controlling the intestinal and the urinary sphincters, increasing heart rates, stimulating orgasms etc.
MSOntology:Spinal_Cord_Motor
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+cord+myelitis
An abnormal condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord with associated motor dysfunction.
MSOntology:Spinal_Taps
C0037943
CSF tap test
LP - Lumbar puncture
Puncture, Lumbar
Puncture, Spinal
spinal puncture
tap test
Spinal taps are lumbar punctures (LP). This is a common medical test that involves taking a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for examination. CSF is a clear, colorless liquid that delivers nutrients and "cushions" the brain and spinal cord, or central nervous system.
In a lumbar puncture, a needle is carefully inserted into the lower spine to collect the CSF sample
(Source:http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/sick/lumbar_puncture.html)
spnal tap
Lumbar puncture
MSOntology:Spinal_cord
MESH : D013116
A long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord )
Spinal cord
MSOntology:Spinal_cord_sensory
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+cord+myelitis
Transverse Myelitis
An abnormal condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord with associated sensory dysfunction.
MSOntology:Stat-1
Gene :HS052789
Uniprot ID:P42224
STAT1 gene
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta
Transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84
Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and growth factors.
Stat-1
MSOntology:Statin
MESH :C013165
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
C0360714
HMG COA REDUCTASE INHIB
HMG COA reductase inhibitor
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
HMG-CoA Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASE INHIB
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoenzymeA Reductase Inhibitors
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Inhibitors
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Inhibitors
INHIB HMG COA REDUCTASE
INHIB HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA
Inhibitors, HMG CoA Reductase
Inhibitors, HMG-CoA Reductase
Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA
Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A
Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA
Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase
Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A
Reductase Inhibitors, HMG-CoA
Reductase Inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA
Statin
Statins
Statins, HMG CoA
Statins, HMG-CoA
hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
A class of agents that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.
MSOntology:Stem_cell_culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
The complex process by which stem cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Stem cell culture
MSOntology:Stool_leakage
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001747/
The leakage of feces which might be due to demyelitis.
Stool_leakage
MSOntology:Stromal_Cell
MESH : D017154
C0162597
Cell, Stromal
Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.
(MeSH definition)
Stromal_Cell
MSOntology:Strong_urge_to_urinate
Urgent urination
Urinary urgency
Strong_urge_to_urinate
MSOntology:Stroop_Test
The Stroop effect is a demonstration of the reaction time of a task.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect )
Stroop Test
MSOntology:Subcortical_White_Matter
Subcortical_White_Matter
MSOntology:Substance_P
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0038585
P, Substance
SP - Substance P
Substance P, Euler-Gaddum
An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.
Substance_P
MSOntology:Substantia_Nigra
MESH : D013378
C0038590
Nigra, Substantia
Nigras, Substantia
Substantia Nigras
The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance.
(MeSH definition )
Substantia_Nigra
MSOntology:Sun_exposure
Scientific: PMID 22742645
The exposure of the skin to the ultraviolet B (UVB) component of sunlight which can be absorbed in the range of 290-315 nm.
Sun exposure
MSOntology:Symbol_modility_digital_test
http://lmt.projectsinknowledge.com/Activity/index.cfm?showfile=b&jn=2023&sj=2023.12&sc=2023.12.3
SMDT
A standardised test that measures the cognitive functioning of Visual/spatial processing speed and working memory
Symbol modility digital test
MSOntology:Symptomatic_therapy
Symptomatic treatment
Any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not its cause, i.e., its etiology.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptomatic_therapy )
MSOntology:Synapse
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0039062
synaptic junction
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68013569 )
Synapse
MSOntology:Synapses_loss
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration
Loss of synapse between neurons.
Synapses loss
MSOntology:Syndromes
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0039082
Syndrome
Syndromes
A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease.
_Syndromes
MSOntology:Syphilis
MeSH:MDC002538
VDRL
Venereal disease research laboratory test
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test is a nontreponemal test, used for screening of syphilis due to its simplicity, sensitivity and low cost. Prozone phenomenon and biological false positive (BFP) reaction are two shortcomings of this test. Quantitative estimation of VDRL is essential in treatment evaluation. CSF VDRL test is very specific for neurosyphilis though its sensitivity is low. Interpretation of VDRL in HIV infection is incompletely understood.
(Source:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470199)
Syphilis
MSOntology:T-bet
TBX21
A Th1 cell-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of the hallmark Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFNG).
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-bet )
T-bet
MSOntology:T1_lession
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/search-results/index.aspx?q=lesion&x=0&y=0&start=0&num=20
Black holes
The dark areas that represent the new lesions dyed by Gd in T1 scans , reflecting disability.
T1 lession
MSOntology:T2_lessions
http://ms.about.com/od/glossary/g/T2_lesion.htm
The hyperintense lesions, that appear as bright spots on the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image.
T2 lesions
MSOntology:T2_weighted_imaging
T2-weighted scans are another basic type. Like the T1-weighted scan, fat is differentiated from water - but in this case fat shows darker, and water lighter.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T2-weighted_imaging#T2-weighted_MRI )
T2 weighted imaging biomarker
MSOntology:TCF7
Gene :HS052924
GeneID :6932
TCF-1
TCF7 transcription factor 7
transcription factor 7
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation.
TCF7
MSOntology:TCRB
Gene :HS052942
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
GENES T CELL RECEPT BETA
Gene, TcR beta
Genes beta Receptores de Celula T
Genes beta TcR
Genes, T Cell Receptor beta
Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
Genes, TcR beta
T CELL RECEPT B CHAIN GENES
T CELL RECEPT B GENES
T Cell Receptor beta Chain Genes
T Cell Receptor beta Genes
T-Cell Receptor Beta Gene
T-Cell Receptor beta Genes
T-Cell Receptor beta-Chain
T-Cell Receptor beta-Chain Genes
T-Cell Receptors beta-Chain
T-cel-receptor-beta-gen
T-cel-receptor-beta-genen
TcR beta Gene
TcR beta Genes
DNA sequences encoding the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. The genomic organization of the TcR beta genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the organization of Ig genes.
TCRB
MSOntology:TCR_activation
Activation of CD4+ T cells through the engagement of both the T cell receptor and CD28 on the T cell by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptide and B7 family members on the APC, respectively.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell#Activation )
TCR activation
MSOntology:TGF-Beta
MESH : D016212
TGF-β
Transforming growth factor beta
A protein that controls proliferation, cellular differentiation, and other functions in most cells. It is a type of cytokine which plays a role in immunity, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Marfan syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Parkinsons Disease and AIDS.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta )
TGF-Beta
MSOntology:TGFB1
Gene :HS052995
GeneID :7040
CED
DPD1
LAP
TGFB
TGFB1 transforming growth factor, beta 1
TGFbeta
transforming growth factor, beta 1
This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types.
TGFB1
MSOntology:TGFB2
Gene :HS052997
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
TGFB2 gene
Transforming Growth Factor, Beta 2 Gene
This gene is involved in suppressing the growth of T cells.
TGFB2
MSOntology:TH1
A sub-group of lymphocytes that plays a role in cellular immune system,maximizes the killing efficacy of the macrophages and the proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Also promotes the production of opsonizing antibodies.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th1_cell#Th1.2FTh2_Model_for_helper_T_cells )
TH1
MSOntology:TH17
A subset of T helper cells producing interleukin 17.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th17 )
TH17
MSOntology:TH2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th2#Th1.2FTh2_Model_for_helper_T_cells
T-helper cells type-2
A sub-group of lymphocytes, plays a role in humoral immune system. Stimulates B-cells into proliferation, to induce B-cell antibody class switching, and to increase neutralizing antibody production.
TH2
MSOntology:TIMP3
Gene :HS053029
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1336630
TIMP3 gene
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3 (Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy, Pseudoinflammatory) Gene
This gene plays a role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. It is also involved in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis.
TIMP3
MSOntology:TLR4
Gene :HS053048
Uniprot ID:O00206
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
CD284
TLR4 gene
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4
Toll 4 Receptor
Toll Like Receptor 4
Toll-4 Receptor
hToll
receptor TLR4
This gene encodes a protein , which cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
TLR4
MSOntology:TLR6
Gene :HS039703
Uniprot ID:Q9Y2C9
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
CD286
TLR6 gene
TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 006
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 6
Toll Like Receptor 6
receptor TLR6
This gene encodes a protein that participates in the innate immune response to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
TLR6
MSOntology:TMEM39A
Gene :HS050140
OMIM:126200
TMEM39A transmembrane protein 39A
transmembrane protein 39A
This gene is one of the novel suspectibility loci for multiple sclerosis.
TMEM39A
MSOntology:TNF-Alpha
MESH : D014409
cachexin
TNF
Tumor necrosis factor
cachectin
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
A cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF_alpha )
TNF-Alpha
MSOntology:TNFA
GeneID :7124
DIF
TNF
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TNF-alpha
TNFSF2
tumor necrosis factor
This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine,that is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation.
TNFA
MSOntology:TNFR2
Gene :HS053080
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
TNFRSF1B gene
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1B Gene
This gene is involved in the regulation of apoptotic receptor-mediated signal transduction and inflammatory responses.
TNFR2
MSOntology:TNFRSF12A
Gene :HS048999
Uniprot ID:Q9NP84
TNFRSF12A gene
CD266
FGF-inducible 14
FN14 gene
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A
Tweak-receptor
TweakR
This gene encodes receptor for TNFSF12/TWEAK. Weak inducer of apoptosis in some cell types. Promotes angiogenesis and the proliferation of endothelial cells. May modulate cellular adhesion to matrix proteins.
TNFRSF12A
MSOntology:TNFRSF1A
Gene :HS053079
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
TNFRSF1A gene
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1A Gene
This gene modulates a variety of cellular functions such as apoptosis and inflammatory responses.
TNFRSF1A
MSOntology:TNFRSF5
Gene :HS056620
GeneID :958
Bp50
CD40
CDW40
TNF receptor superfamily member 5
TNFRSF5
p50
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor has been found to be essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation.
TNFRSF5
MSOntology:TNFSF12
Gene :HS039303
Uniprot ID:Q93038
APO3 gene
Apo-3
Apoptosis-inducing receptor AIR
Apoptosis-mediating receptor DR3
Apoptosis-mediating receptor TRAMP
DDR3 gene
DR3 gene
Death receptor 3
LARD
Lymphocyte-associated receptor of death
TNFRSF25 gene
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 25
WSL
WSL gene
WSL-1
WSL-1 gene
This gene encodes the receptor for TNFSF12/APO3L/TWEAK. It interacts directly with the adapter TRADD. It mediates activation of NF-kappa-B and induces apoptosis. It may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis.
TNFSF12
MSOntology:TR1
TR1
MSOntology:TRAIL
Gene :HS055590
GeneID :8743
APO2L
Apo-2L
CD253
TL2
TNFSF10 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells.
TRAIL
MSOntology:TRIB1
Gene :HS039607
Uniprot ID:Q96RU8
C8FW gene
TRIB1 gene
G-protein-coupled receptor-induced gene 2 protein
GIG-2
GIG2 gene
SKIP1
TRB-1
TRB1 gene
Tribbles homolog 1
This gene encodes protein that interacts with MAPK kinases and regulates activation of MAP kinases.
TRIB1
MSOntology:TYK2
Gene :HS053254
GeneID :7297
JTK1
TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2
tyrosine kinase 2
This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine kinase that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I and type II cytokine receptors and promulgate cytokine signals by phosphorylating receptor subunits.
TYK2
MSOntology:T_Reg
MESH : D050378
CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.
(MeSH definition)
T_Reg
MSOntology:Tau
Uniprot ID: P10636
MAPT gene
MAPTL gene
MTBT1 gene
Microtubule-associated protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangle protein
PHF-tau
Paired helical filament-tau
TAU gene
The protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity.
Tau
MSOntology:Tectum
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1820369
Mesencephalus, Tectum
Tectum Mesencephali
Tectum Mesencephalus
Tectum of midbrain
Tectum structure
tectum cellular component
The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
Tectum
MSOntology:Tegmentum
Pontine tegmentum
A part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. It includes the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, among others, and is located near the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontine_tegmentum )
Tegmentum
MSOntology:Teriflunomide
MESH :C527525
A77 1726
Aubagio
HMR1726
An immunomodulatory drug inhibiting pyrimidine de novo synthesis by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teriflunomide )
MSOntology:Tetranectin
Gene :HS053071
MESH :C048648
C-type lectin domain family 3, member B protein
C-type lectin domain family 3, member b protein
CLEC3B gene
CLEC3B protein
Clec3b protein
plasminogen kringle 4-binding protein
tetranectin protein
The protein that interacts specifically with the kringle 4 part of plasminogen.
Tetranectin
MSOntology:Text_mining_based_model
Scientific Reference: Studies in Computational Intelligence Volume 345, 2011, pp 109-144
A disease model built out of a collection of disease-gene associations automatically from large volumes of biological literature.
Text mining based model
MSOntology:Tgf_beta
MESH : D016212
Bone Derived Transforming Growth Factor
Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor
Factor, Milk Growth
Growth Factor, Milk
Milk Growth Factor
Platelet Transforming Growth Factor
TGF-beta
TGFbeta
The protein that has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function.
Tgf_beta
MSOntology:Th1
MESH: D018417
Th1 Cells
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Th17
MESH :D058504
Th 17 Cells
Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Th2
MESH: D018418
Th2 Cells
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Thalamus
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0039729
Dorsal Thalamus
Thalamic structure
An ovoid mass composed predominantly of gray substance and associated laminae of white substance. The thalamus is divided into anterior, medial, and lateral parts. The function of the thalamus is to relay sensory impulses and cerebellar and basal ganglia projections to the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is positioned within the posterior part of the diencephalon forming most of each lateral wall of the third ventricle.
Thalamus
MSOntology:Theiler_murine_encephalomyelitis_virus
TMEV
A single stranded RNA murine cardiovirus from the family Picornaviridae that has been used as a mouse model for studying virally induced paralysis as well as encephalomyelitis comparable to Multiple sclerosis.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theiler's_encephalomyelitis_virus )
Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus
MSOntology:Thiobarbituric_Acid
MESH :C029684
118738-55-9
121477-82-5
122508-78-5
124558-04-9
126660-87-5
127726-79-8
136771-68-1
138947-EP2272849A1
138947-EP2292586A2
145783-11-5
148021-12-9
157796-99-1
2-Mercapto-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
2-Mercapto-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (VAN)
2-Mercaptobarbituric acid
2-THIOBARBITURIC ACID
2-Thio-4,6-dioxypyrimidine
2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
2-sulfanylidenedihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
31645-12-2 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
4,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, 2-mercapto-
4,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, dihydro-2-thioxo-
4,6(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, 2-mercapto-
4,6(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, dihydro-2-thioxo-
4,6-Dihydroxy-2-thiopyrimidine
4,6-dihydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine; 4,6-Dihydroxy-2-thiopyrimidine
504-17-6
5525-79-1
5861-EP2284160A1
5861-EP2295435A1
709611-98-3
773866-14-1
863970-61-0
878388-18-2
886365-65-7
91759-32-9
924832-30-4
A828112
AC1MC39I
AG-F-69528
AI3-60340
AKOS000118917
AKOS005208867
Austranal
BBL000602
BB_SC-6481
Barbituric acid, 2-thio-
Barbituric acid, 2-thio- (VAN)
Barbituric acid, 2-thio- (VAN) (8CI)
Bathyran
CHEBI:33202
CHEBI:669286
CHEMBL584805
Dihydro-2-thioxo-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione
EINECS 207-985-8
I03-0182
InChI=1/C4H4N2O2S/c7-2-1-3(8)6-4(9)5-2/h1H2,(H2,5,6,7,8,9)
LS-24661
MolPort-001-814-255
NSC 4733
NSC-4733
NSC4733
PubChem23365
RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-
STK364864
Thiobarbiturate
Thiobarbituric
USAF EK-660
WLN: T6MV DVN CHJ FSH
WLN: T6VMYMV FHJ CUS
ZINC08727446
An organic compound and a heterocycle. It is used as a reagent in assaying malondialdehyde.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiobarbituric_acid )
Thiobarbituric_Acid
MSOntology:Third_Nerve_Palsy
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
3rd nerve palsy
C0028866
Nerve Disease, Oculomotor
Nerve Disorder, Oculomotor
Nerve Paralysis, Oculomotor
Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=oculomotor%20nerve%20disease )
Third_Nerve_Palsy
MSOntology:Timed_-25_foot_walk
TTFW
A quantitative mobility and leg function performance test based on a timed 25-walk.(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/for-professionals/researchers/clinical-study-measures/t25-fw/index.aspx )
Timed -25 foot walk
MSOntology:Timp-3
Gene :HS053029
MESH :D019717
Metalloproteinase-3 Tissue Inhibitor
TIMP 3
TIMP 3 Protein
TIMP-3
TIMP-3 Protein
TIMP3 Protein
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3
A member of the family of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Mutations of the gene for TIMP3 PROTEIN causes Sorsby fundus dystrophy.
Timp-3
MSOntology:Tingling
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C2242996
Tingling sensation
Tingling
MSOntology:Tissue_factor
TF
Uniprot ID:P13726
F3 gene
Coagulation factor III
Thromboplastin
The protein that initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa.
Tissue_factor
MSOntology:Tizanidine
Drug :DBA000690
MESH :C023754
Sirdalud
Zanaflex
A drug that is used as a muscle relaxant. It is a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizanidine )
MSOntology:Tnfsf12
Gene :HS039303
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNFSF12
HCG1991317, isoform CRA_a
TNFSF12 gene
TNFSF12 protein
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, membrane form
The cytokine can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis.
Tnfsf12
MSOntology:Tpa
Gene :HS049391
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_plasminogen_activator
EC 3.4.21.68
PLAT
Tissue plasminogen activator
A serine protease that is involved in the breakdown of blood clots.
Tpa
MSOntology:Trail
Trail
MSOntology:Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0436548
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulations, Transcranial
Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulations, Transcranial Magnetic
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulations
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
A technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which reaches the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is coupled with ELECTROMYOGRAPHY response detection to assess cortical excitability by the threshold required to induce MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS. This method is also used for BRAIN MAPPING, to study NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, and as a substitute for ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for treating DEPRESSION. Induction of SEIZURES limits its clinical usage.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
MSOntology:Transferrin
Gene :HS052977
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Beta-1 Metal-Binding Globulin
C0040679
Globulin, beta-1 Metal-Binding
Transferrine
beta 1 Metal Binding Globulin
siderofilina
transferin
transferrina
Serotransferrin (698 aa, ~77 kDa) is encoded by the human TF gene. This protein is involved in iron sequestration and transport.
Transferrin
MSOntology:Transferrin_receptor
TfR
Gene :HS052992
A carrier protein for transferrin. It is needed for the import of iron into the cell and is regulated in response to intracellular iron concentration. It imports iron by internalizing the transferrin-iron complex through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin_receptor )
Transferrin_receptor
MSOntology:Transgenenic_model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenic_mice
Genetically modified model
An animal model that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques.
Transgenenic model
MSOntology:Transthyretin
Gene :HS053175
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ATTR
C0032923
Prealbumiini
Transtiretina
Transtirretina
Transthyretin (147 aa, ~16 kDa) is encoded by the human TTR gene. This protein is involved in both the binding and transport of retinol and thyroxine.
Transthyretin
MSOntology:Transynaptic_degeneration
The atrophy of nerve cells following damage to the axons that make synaptic connections with them.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transsynaptic+degeneration )
Transynaptic degeneration
MSOntology:Treatment_of_MS_disease
The therapy used to remedy a health problem.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment )
Treatment
MSOntology:Treg
MESH: D050378
CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.
(MeSH definition)
MSOntology:Tremor_in_arm
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/intentiontremor.html
A condition where goal-directed movements produce shaking in the hands.
Tremor_in_arm
MSOntology:Tremor_in_leg
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/intentiontremor.html
A condition where goal-directed movements produce shaking in the legs.
Tremor_in_leg
MSOntology:Trigeminal_Neuralgia
MDC002671
MESH : D014277
C0040997
Disease, Fothergill
Epileptiform Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms.
Trigeminal_Neuralgia
MSOntology:Trouble_chewing
Difficulty in chewing
Trouble_chewing
MSOntology:Trouble_swallowing
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/swallowing-problems/index.aspx
If the patient’s MS lesions affect any of the areas of the well-functioning central nervous system, including cortical and subcortical areas, the brainstem, and peripheral nerves , swallowing may be challenged.
Trouble_swallowing
MSOntology:Tryptophan
MESH :D014364
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0041249
L Tryptophan
Levotryptophan
Tryptophan
Tryptophan product
Amino acid with side chain -CH2C8H6N.
Tryptophan
MSOntology:Tubulin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0041348
Tubuline
A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM, CILIA, and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE, VINCRISTINE, and VINBLASTINE.
Tubulin
MSOntology:Tumor_Necrosis_Factor_Alpha
MESH :D014409
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta ( lymphotoxin), but they share TNF receptors.
(MeSH definition)
Tumor_Necrosis_Factor_Alpha
MSOntology:Type_1
Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
The pattern of demyelination in which active demyelination was associated with a T-lymphocyte– and macrophage- dominated inflammation.
Type 1
MSOntology:Type_2
Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
The pattern of demyelination in which the active demyelination
was associated with a T-lymphocyte– and macrophage-
dominated inflammation,with the prominent deposition of Igs (mainly IgG) and complement C9neo antigen at sites of active myelin destruction.
Type 2
MSOntology:Type_3
Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
The pattern of lesions which contains an inflammatory
infiltrate, composed mainly of T lymphocytes,
with macrophages and activated microglia.
Type 3
MSOntology:Type_4
Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
The pattern of demyelination in which the inflammatory infiltrates in these lesions were dominated by T lymphocytes and macrophages and it is associated with the oligodendrocyte death in a small rim of periplaque white matter, adjacent to the zone of active myelin destruction.
Type 4
MSOntology:UBE4B
Gene :HS039658
Uniprot ID:O95155
UBE4B gene
HDNB1 gene
Homozygously deleted in neuroblastoma 1
KIAA0684 gene
UFD2 gene
Ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 B
Ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 2
Thie gene encode a protein that binds to the ubiquitin moieties of preformed conjugates and catalyzes ubiquitin chain assembly in conjunction with E1, E2, and E3
UBE4B
MSOntology:Uhthoff_Symptom
Uhthoff’s sign
Uhthoff’s syndrome
The worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological, demyelinating conditions when the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, fever, or saunas and hot tubs. It is possibly due to the effect of increased temperature on nerve conduction.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhthoff%27s_symptom )
Uhthoff_Symptom
MSOntology:Unbalance
Scientific Reference: doi: 10.1080/08990220802131127
loss of balance
MS affects many areas of the central nervous system that can impact postural responses to maintain balance, including the cerebellum and the spinal cord.
Unbalance
MSOntology:Upper_respiratory_infection
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0041912
INFECT UPPER RESPIRATORY
INFECTION, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Infection of the upper respiratory tract
Infections, Upper Respiratory
Infections, Upper Respiratory Tract
Respiratory Infection, Upper
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECT
URI - Upper respiratory infection
URTI - Infection of the upper respiratory tract
Upper Respiratory Infections
Upper respiratory infection
Upper respiratory infection NOS
Upper respiratory tract infection
Upper respiratory tract infection NOS
Upper respiratory tract infections
An infectious process affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, or trachea). Symptoms include congestion, sneezing, coughing, fever, and sore throat.
Upper respiratory infection
MSOntology:Urinary
Bladder Dysfunction
http://ms.about.com/od/signssymptoms/a/ms_bladder.htm
Bladder dysfunction in MS happens when nerve signals to the bladder and urinary sphincter (the muscles surrounding the opening to the bladder) are blocked or delayed because oflesions on the spinal cord.
Urinary system
MSOntology:Urine_leakage
MDC002732
MESH : D014549
Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine.
(MeSH definition)
Urine_leakage
MSOntology:Uthoff_phenomenon
The worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological, demyelinating conditions when the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, fever, or saunas and hot tubs. It is possibly due to the effect of increased temperature on nerve conduction.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhthoff%27s_symptom )
Uthoff phenomenon
MSOntology:VAMP
Gene :HS052842
Eur J Neurosci. 1998 Jan;10(1):301-16.
synaptobrevin gene
VAMP gene
Vesicle-associated membrane protein gene
The gene encodesVesicle-associated membrane protein that is involved in the molecular regulation of transmitter release at the presynaptic plasma membrane.
VAMP
MSOntology:VCAM-I
MESH : D019010
Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation.
(MeSH definition )
VCAM-I
MSOntology:VEGF
GeneID :7422
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
MVCD1
VEGFA gene
VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A
VPF
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Gene
The gene encodes a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis.
VEGF
MSOntology:VLA-4
MESH :D039041
Antigen-4, Very Late
C0209606
Very Late Antigen-4
alpha 4 beta 1 Integrin
Integrin alpha4beta1 is a fibronectin and VCAM-1 receptor present on lymphocytes,monocytes,eosinophils, NK cells and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and plays a role in inflammation, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal myogenesis, neural crest migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the placenta and heart.
(MeSH definition)
VLA-4
MSOntology:VZV
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0042338
Chickenpox Virus
Chickenpox Viruses
HERPESVIRUS 3 ALPHA HUMAN
HERPESVIRUS HUMAN 03
HHV 3
HHV-3
HHV3
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 03
HUMANES HERPESVIRUS 03
HZ - Herpes zoster
HZ - Herpes zoster virus
Herpes zoster
Herpes zoster Virus
Herpes zoster Viruses
Herpes-Zostervirus
Herpes-zoster-ophtalmicus-virus
Herpes-zoster-virus
Herpesvirus 3 (alpha), Human
Herpesvirus 3, Human
Herpesvirus varicellae
Humaan herpesvirus 3
Human (alpha) herpes virus 3
Human alphaherpesvirus 3
Human herpesvirus 3
Human herpesvirus 3 (organism)
Humanes Herpesvirus 3
Ocular Herpes zoster Virus
VARICELLA-ZOSTER ВИРУС
VZ Virus
VZ Viruses
VZ-Virus
VZV
VZV - Varicella-zoster virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus 1
Varicella-Zoster Viruses
Varicella-zoster-virus
Varizellen-Zostervirus
Virus Herpes zoster
Virus herpes zoster oculare
Virus varicelle-zona
varicella zoster virus VZV
varicella-zoster virus VZV
virus varicella zoster
An icosahedral, enveloped virus containing a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA of 125000 nucleotides that infects only humans. It is the causative agent of chickenpox and shingles.
VZV
MSOntology:Vaginal_lubrication_problem
Vaginal dryness
Decreased vaginal lubrication.
(Source: http://www.allaboutms.com/sexuality-in-multiple-sclerosis/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sexual-dysfunction/decreased-vaginal-lubrication.html )
Vaginal_lubrication_problem
MSOntology:Vdac1
Gene :HS053344
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21796
VDAC1 gene
Outer mitochondrial membrane protein porin 1
Plasmalemmal porin
Porin 31HL
Porin 31HM
VDAC gene
VDAC-1
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1
hVDAC1
The protein that forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane and also the plasma membrane.
Vdac1
MSOntology:Ventral_Column
Anterior Column of Spinal Cord
The ventral ridge of gray matter in each half of the spinal cord, containing the motor neurons innervating the skeletal musculature of the trunk, neck, and extremities.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anterior+column+of+spinal+cord )
Ventral_Column
MSOntology:Vertical_Diplopia
MDC000690
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/search-results/index.aspx?q=vertical+diplopia&x=0&y=0&start=0&num=20
A lesion in the nucleus or fascicle of the fourth cranial nerve results in vertical diplopia.
Vertical_Diplopia
MSOntology:Vertigo
MeSH:MDC002773
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0042571
Rotation of self
Spinning Sensation
Vertigo
MSOntology:Vertigo_Drugs
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/what-we-know-about-ms/symptoms/dizziness--vertigo/index.aspx
The drug that is used to treat patients suffering from vertigo, a sensation that they or their surroundings are spinning.
MSOntology:Vestibular
Ataxia due to dysfunction of the vestibular system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia#Vestibular )
MSOntology:Virus
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0042776
Vira
Viridae
Virus
Viruses
Viruses, General
In medicine, a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease. Because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells, they are not considered to be alive.
Virus
MSOntology:Virus_model
In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis
pp.570-588 (19) Authors: Baukje J. van der Star, Daphne Y.S. Vogel, Markus Kipp, Fabiola Puentes, David Baker, Sandra Amor
Viral-induced demyelination model
Virus model
MSOntology:Viruses_trigger_inflammation
Scientific Reference: doi: 10.3390/ijms130911718
The patches of inflammation (plaques) with demyelination of axons and oligodendrocyte loss, due to viral infections.
Viruses trigger inflammation
MSOntology:Vision_loss
Visual loss
The absence of vision where it existed before.
(Source: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/vision+loss )
Vision_loss
MSOntology:Visual_evoked_potential
VEP
Evoked Potential, Visual
Evoked Response, Visual
Evoked Responses, Visual
Potential, Visual Evoked
Potentials, Visual Evoked
Response, Visual Evoked
Responses, Visual Evoked
VER
Visual Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Responses
The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=visual%20evoked%20potential )
Visual evoked potential
MSOntology:Vitamin_B12
MESH :D014805
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Antipernicious anemia factor measurement
C0042845
Cobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
VIT B12
VITAMIN B A 12
Cobalt-containing water soluble vitamin that is a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids of odd-chain length and in methyl transfer. (DRI)
Vitamin_B12
MSOntology:Vitamin_D
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Activated ergosterol preparation
Calciferol
Calciferol preparation
D 2, Vitamin
D2, Vitamin
Deltalin
Drisdol
Ergocalciferol
Ergocalciferol preparation
Ergocalciferol product
Oleovitamin D preparation
VITAMIN D A 02
Viosterol preparation
Vitamin D
Vitamin D 2
Vitamin D preparation
Vitamin D product
Vitamin D2
Vitamin D2 preparation
A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Vitamin D helps the body use calcium and phosphorus to make strong bones and teeth. It is fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and oils) and is found in fatty fish, egg yolks, and dairy products. Skin exposed to sunshine can also make vitamin D. Not enough vitamin D can cause a bone disease called rickets. It is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer.
MSOntology:Vitamin_D_level
(Scientific: DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00097)
The levels of circulating vitamin D obtained by sunlight exposure or diet.
Vitamin D level
MSOntology:Vitamin_D_test
http://www.greatplainslaboratory.com/home/eng/vitamind.asp
25-hydroxy Vitamin D2 and D3 test
250HD test
Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level
The Vitamin D Test is a serum analysis that quantitates 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites.
Vitamin D test
MSOntology:Vitamin_d-binding_protein
MESH :D014809
25 HCC Binding Protein
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol Binding Protein
25 Hydroxyvitamin D Binding Protein
25-HCC-Binding Protein
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-Binding Protein
25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Binding Protein
Calciferol Binding Protein
Calciferol-Binding Protein
Component Globulin, Group-Specific
Gc
Gc Globulin
Globulin, Gc
Globulin, Group-Specific Component
Globulin, Vitamin D-Binding
Group Specific Component Globulin
Group-Specific Component Globulin
Transcalciferin
Vitamin D Binding Globulin
Vitamin D Binding Protein
Vitamin D-Binding Globulin
group-specific component
An alpha-globulin found in the plasma of man and other vertebrates. It is apparently synthesized in the liver and carries vitamin D and its metabolites through the circulation and mediates the response of tissue.
(MeSH definition)
Vitamin_d-binding_protein
MSOntology:Vitemin_B12_test
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003705.htm
cobalamin test
cyanocobalamin test
vitamin B12 level
vitamin b-12 test
vitamin test
Test to check the amount of vitamin 12 in the blood. This is different from the Schilling test that is designed to measure the adsorption of B12.
Vitamin B12 test
MSOntology:Wait_disturbance
Wait disturbance
MSOntology:Walking_problem
Gait ataxia
Impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation (walking) which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=gait%20ataxia )
Walking_problem
MSOntology:Wallerian_degeneration
orthograde degeneration
anterograde degeneration
a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates distal to the injury.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallerian_degeneration )
Wallerian degeneration
MSOntology:Weakness_in_arm
http://www.cvscaremarkspecialtyrx.com/patients/condition-resources-tools/multiple-sclerosis/living-multiple-sclerosis/weakness
Arm weakness
A loss of strength and control over movement in the arms.
Weakness_in_arm
MSOntology:Weakness_in_leg
Leg Weakness
The conditions that significantly interfere with an individual's ability to remain mobile throughout daily activities.
(Source: http://www.livestrong.com/article/73288-leg-symptoms-ms/)
Weakness_in_leg
MSOntology:Western_style_of_life
Industrilization
The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization )
Western style of life
MSOntology:White_Matter
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/whitematter.html
White Matter Region
The parts of the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for communication between the various grey matter regions and between the grey matter and the rest of the body.It contains lots of nerve fibres (neurons) that are sheathed in a white fatty insulating protein called myelin.
White_Matter
MSOntology:White_matter_atrophy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophy
A decrease in size of white matter caused by poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
White matter atrophy
MSOntology:White_matter_plaque
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter
White matter lesion
In MS lesions, the myelin shield around the axons has been destroyed by inflammation.
White matter plaque
MSOntology:Whole_spinal_cord
MESH : D013116
A long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord )
Whole spinal cord
MSOntology:Word_list_generation
http://lmt.projectsinknowledge.com/Activity/index.cfm?showfile=b&jn=2023&sj=2023.12&sc=2023.12.3
COWAT
Controlled Oral Word Association Test
WLG
A standardised test that measures the cognitive functioning of expressive language.
Word list generation
MSOntology:XIAPAF1
Gene :HS066668
Uniprot ID:Q6GPH4
BIRC4-binding protein
BIRC4BP gene
XAF1 gene
XIAP-associated factor 1
XIAPAF1 gene
This gene encodes protein that mediates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and is involved in apoptosis in trophoblast cells.
XIAPAF1
MSOntology:ZFAT
Gene :HS051284
GeneID :57623
ZNF406
AITD3
ZFAT zinc finger and AT hook domain containing
ZFAT1
zinc finger and AT hook domain containing
This gene encodes a protein that likely binds DNA and functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in apoptosis and cell survival.
ZFAT
MSOntology:ZFHX4
Gene :HS053950
Scientific Reference: Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Sep;29(9):1830-5.
ZFH4
ZFHX4 zinc finger homeobox 4
ZHF4
zinc finger homeobox 4
The gene encodes a class of proteins that have both zinc finger and
homeodomain motifs,which is involved in neural and muscle differentiation.
ZFHX4
MSOntology:aerobic_conditioning
Physical training
A process whereby one trains the heart to pump blood more efficiently, allowing more oxygen to get to muscles and organs.
(Source: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/aerobic+conditioning )
aerobic conditioning
MSOntology:blood-brain_barrier_disruption
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier
alterations in blood–brain barrier properties
The disruption in BBB, a separation of circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid (BECF) in the central nervous system (CNS) that may increase the penetration of various substances (including either toxins or antibiotics) into the brain.
blood-brain barrier disruption
MSOntology:clonazepam
Drug :DBA001058
MESH :D002998
Antelepsin
Rivotril
Ro 5-4023
Ro 54023
An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:diazepam
Drug :DBA000822
MESH :D003975
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of Gamma-AminoButyric Acid activity.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:differential_diagnosis
differential diagnoses
Comparing and contrasting the signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of two or more diseases to determine which is causing the patient's condition.
(Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/differential+diagnosis )
differential diagnosis
MSOntology:excitotoxicity
The pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged and killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity )
excitotoxicity
MSOntology:incontinence
MDC002732
Incontinence,Urinary
Urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine, such as leaking of urine.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68014549 )
incontinence
MSOntology:infection
MESH: D007239
Infectious and parasitic diseases NOS
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.
(MeSH definition)
_infection
MSOntology:laquinimod
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laquinimod
ABR 215062
ABR-215062
ABR215062
An experimental immunomodulator developed by Active Biotech and Teva which is currently being investigated as an oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).
MSOntology:mRNA_Biomarkers
MSOntology:magnetic_resonance_imaging
MRI
Chemical Shift Imaging
Chemical Shift Imagings
Functional MRI
Functional MRIs
Imaging, Chemical Shift
Imaging, Magnetic Resonance
Imaging, NMR
Imagings, Chemical Shift
MR Tomography
MRI Scan
MRI Scans
MRI, Functional
MRIs, Functional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional
Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging
NMR Imaging
NMR Tomography
Proton Spin Tomography
Scan, MRI
Scans, MRI
Shift Imaging, Chemical
Shift Imagings, Chemical
Tomography, MR
Tomography, NMR
Tomography, Proton Spin
Zeugmatography
fMRI
The non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68008279 )
magnetic resonance imaging biomarker
MSOntology:mbp
MESH: D004676
Myelin Basic Protein
A protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the central nervous system.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_basic_protein )
MSOntology:meningeal_inflammation
Meningitis
The inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis )
meningeal inflammation
MSOntology:mitochondria__dysfunction
Scientific Reference: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034929
The homeostasis of mitochondria dynamics happens through a repetitive fission and fusion process. When there is a disruption of this dynamics, it results in mitochondrial dysfunction.
mitochondria dysfunction
MSOntology:mitochondrial_dysfunction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration#Mitochondrial_dysfunction
The degeneration of mitochondria through the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway which leads to the cell death in neurodegeneration.
mitochondrial dysfunction
MSOntology:modified_Ashworth_Scale
http://www.rehabmeasures.org/lists/rehabmeasures/dispform.aspx?id=902
The scale that tests resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity,Similar to Ashworth, but adds a 1+ scoring category to indicate resistance through less than half of the movement
modified Ashworth Scale
MSOntology:oxidative_stress
MESH: D018384
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products.
(MeSH definition)
_oxidative stress
MSOntology:phenytoin
Drug :DBA000246
MESH :D010672
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
Antisacer
Difenin
Dihydan
Dilantin
Diphenylhydantoin
Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
Epamin
Epanutin
Fenitoin
Hydantol
Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate
An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant.
(MeSH definition )
MSOntology:remyelination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remyelination
The term that refers to the re-generation of the nerve's myelin sheath, damaged in many diseases.
remyelination
MSOntology:retention
MDC002993
Retention,Urinary
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the urinary bladder with voiding (urination).
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=urinary%20retention )
retention
MSOntology:sleep_disorder
MeSH:MDC002436
sleep disorders
Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors.
(Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68012893 )
sleep disorder
MSOntology:vitamin_D
MESH: D014807
A vitamin that includes both cholecalciferols and ergocalciferols, which have the common effect of preventing or curing rickets in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of UV rays upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol, and acts on vitamin D receptors to regulate calcium in opposition to parathyroid hormone.
(MeSH definition)
_vitamin D
SPART
http://lmt.projectsinknowledge.com/Activity/index.cfm?showfile=b&jn=2023&sj=2023.12&sc=2023.12.3
A standardised test that measures the cognitive functioning of spatial/visual episodic memory.
10/36 spatial recall test
24S-OHC
(24S)-24-Hydroxycholesterol
(24S)-cholest-5-ene-3b,24-diol
(24S)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
(3b,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,24-diol
(3beta,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,24-diol
24(S)-hydroxycholesterol
24S-Cholest-5-ene-3b,24-diol
24S-hydroxycholesterol
474-73-7
AC1L3TPG
AG-A-46280
AR-1I2146
C13550
CHEBI:34310
CHEMBL171804
CPD-7239
Cerebrosterin
Cholest-5-en-3b,24S-diol
Cholest-5-ene-3,24-diol, (3beta,24S)-
Cholest-5-ene-3b,24b-diol
HMDB01419
LMST01010019
cerebrosterol
cholest-5-en-3beta,24S-diol
cholest-5-ene-3,24-diol
cholest-5-ene-3b,24a-diol
An enzymatically oxidized product of cholesterol mainly synthesized in the brain.
(Scientific Reference: http://www.jlr.org/content/41/2/195.full )
24S_Hydroxycholesterol
MESH :D015761
4 Aminopyridine
4-AMINOPIRIDIN
4-AP
4-Amino-pyridine
4-Aminopyridine
4-Pyridinamine
4-aminopirydyna
4-aminopyridin
AMINOPYRIDIN 04
AMINOPYRIDINE 04
C0000477
One of the potassium channel blockers, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
HS055591
MESH : D053330
4 1BBL Protein
4-1BB ligand
4-1BBL Protein
CD137 Ligand
Tumor Necrosis Factor (Ligand) Superfamily, Member 9
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 9
A membrane bound member of the TNF superfamily that is expressed on activated B-lymphocytes,macrophages and dendritic cells. The ligand is specific for the 4-1BB receptor and may play a role in inducing the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T-lymphocytes.
(MeSH definition )
4-1BB
9-HPT
Nine-hole peg test
A brief, standardized, quantitative test of upper extremity function.
(Source: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/for-professionals/researchers/clinical-study-measures/9-hpt/index.aspx )
9 hole peg test
Multiecho T(2) and T(2)* weighted sequence biomarker
Relapsing MS
This subtype of Progressive MS is more complex; although its overall course mirrors P/P MS in terms of Disability, it differs. It includes periods of acute exacerbations that look like Relapsing MS (having Gd-enhancing T1 lesions), either early on or after many years have elapsed, but lost functions never return.
Progressive MS
RRMS
In this form or stage of MS there are sporadic attacks (exacerbations, relapses), during which new symptoms appear and/or existing ones become more severe. They can last for varying periods (days or months) and are followed by partial or total recovery and remission.
Relapsing-Remitting MS
MESH : D002549
Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder
A rare central nervous system demyelinating condition affecting children and young adults. Pathologic findings include a large, sharply defined, asymmetric focus of myelin destruction that may involve an entire lobe or cerebral hemisphere.
Schilder's disease
NDDUO:Clinical_assesment
Clinical assesments
Health Assesment
Health Assesments
http://purl.org/cpr/0.85#clinical-examination
A clinical assessment is a documented process that is used to evaluate, diagnose, and treat individuals.
Clinical assesment
NDDUO:Protective_factors
Protective factors
protective factor
Protective factor
NDDUO:Risk_factor
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/TIB/epidemiology.html
Risk factors
increased risk
lifestyle factor
lifestyle factors
risk
risk factor
The factors that are associated with diseases.
Risk factor
NDDUO:Symptom
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146199-clinical#a0216
sign
signs
symptoms
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020
"A perceived change in function, sensation or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease".
Symptom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologist
OntoGen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology
OntoGen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemology
OntoGen
http://medical.yourdictionary.com/finger-nose-test
OntoGen
http://www.scribd.com/doc/20374363/Clinical-Assessment
OntoGen
http://www.tutorgigpedia.com/ed/Epidemiology
OntoGen
http://www.yourdictionary.com/diagnosis
OntoGen
en
----See Newly Generated Definition Below-----
- Clinical diagnosis is the process through which a clinician arrives at a general “summary” classification of the patients symptoms by following a clearly defined system such as DSM-IV-TR or ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)published by the World Health Organization The Relationship between Assessment and Diagnosis It is important to have an adequate classification of the presenting problem for a number of reasons.
en
----See Newly Generated Definition Below-----
- diagnosis is the process of finding out what is causing symptoms, a disease or injury in a patient and the opinion reached based on the process.
http://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Multiple_Sklerose
Abdul mateen Rajput
Luca Toldo
Ashutosh Malhotra
20120927
en
MS Ontology
C1151646
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ALPHA-2-GLYCOPROTEIN, ZINC
AZGP1
AZGP1 Gene
Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1, Zinc-Binding Gene
C1412706
ZA2G
ZAG
ZINC-ALPHA-2-GLYCOPROTEIN
This gene plays a role in lipid catabolism.
Acquired Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Adoptive Immunity
C0678209
Immunity, Acquired
Immunity, Adaptive
Immunity, Adoptive
ADOPTIVE CELLULAR IMMUNOTHER
ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHER
Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy
Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapies
Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy
Adoptive Immunotherapies
Adoptive Immunotherapy
C0079613
CELLULAR IMMUNOTHER ADOPTIVE
Cellular Immunotherapies, Adoptive
Cellular Immunotherapy, Adoptive
IMMUNOTHER ADOPTIVE
IMMUNOTHER ADOPTIVE CELLULAR
Immunotherapies, Adoptive
Immunotherapies, Adoptive Cellular
Immunotherapy, Adoptive
Immunotherapy, Adoptive Cellular
Immuntherapie, adoptive
adoptive cellular therapy
cellular adoptive immunotherapy
Adoptive Transfer
Adoptive Transfers
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Anti-DNA Antibodies
Anti-DNA Antibody
Antibodies, Anti DNA
Antibodies, Anti-DNA
C0282056
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid antibody
Deoxyribonucleic acid antibody
Anti_DNA_Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Antibody Production
Antibody Response
Antibody Responses
Formation, Antibody
Production, Antibody
Response, Antibody
Responses, Antibody
immunoglobulin production
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Agents, Antidepressive
Antidepressant Agent
Antidepressant Drugs
Antidepressant drug
Antidepressants
Antidepressive Agents
C0003289
Drugs, Antidepressant
Other antidepressant drugs
antidepressant
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
APLA - Anti-phospholipid antibody
Anti-phospholipid antibody
Anti-phospholipid autoantibody
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
Antibody, Antiphospholipid
Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Antiphospholipid Antibody
C0162595
Phospholipid antibody
Phospholipid autoantibody
aPL - Anti-phospholipid antibody
Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC,), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME, related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Apiterapi
Apitherapie
Apitherapies
Apitherapy
C2717877
The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM, HONEY, bee pollen, PROPOLIS, and royal jelly.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
AEP - Auditory evoked potentials
AER - Auditory evoked responses
Auditory Evoked Potential
Auditory Evoked Potentials
Auditory Evoked Response
Auditory Evoked Responses
C0015215
Evoked Potential, Auditory
Evoked Potentials, Auditory
Evoked Response, Auditory
Evoked Responses, Auditory
Potential, Auditory Evoked
Potentials, Auditory Evoked
Response, Auditory Evoked
Responses, Auditory Evoked
The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BDN F
BDNF
BDNF gene
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene
C0107103
FNDC
Factor, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic
MGC34632
Neurotrophic Factor, Brain-Derived
A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BRCA GENE A 001
BRCA GENE PRODUCT 001
BRCA PROTEIN 001
BRCA1
BRCA1 Gene
BRCA1 Gene Product
BRCA1 Genes
BRCA1 Protein
BRCA1-protein
BREAST CANCER 1 GENE
Breast Cancer 1 Gene Product
Breast Cancer 1 Protein
Breast Cancer 1, Early Onset Gene
Breast Cancer 1, Early Onset Protein
Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
Breast-Ovarian Cancer Protein
C0259275
C0376571
EC6.3.2.-
GENES BRCA 001
Gene, BRCA1
Genes, BRCA1
RING Finger Protein 53
protein BRCA1
A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human chromosome 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this gene are associated with the formation of familial breast and ovarian cancer. It encodes a large, nuclear protein that is a component of DNA repair pathways.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Babinski Reflex
Babinski Reflexes
Babinski Sign Positive
Babinski Signs
Babinski sign
Babinski's Phenomenon
Babinski's Reflex
Babinski's Sign
Babinski's Signs
Babinski-Reflex
C0034935
Extensor Plantar Reflex
Extensor plantar response
Extensor plantar response finding
Extensor plantar responses
Great Toe Paradoxical Extensor Reflex
Paradoxical Extensor Reflex, Great Toe
Plantar Reflex, Extensor
Plantar Response, Extensor
Plantar Responses, Extensor
Reflex, Babinski
Reflex, Babinski's
Reflex, Babinski-
Reflex, Extensor Plantar
Reflexes, Babinski
Response, Extensor Plantar
Responses, Extensor Plantar
Signs, Babinski's
An abnormal reflex consisting of dorsiflexion of the great toe and abduction of the other toes in response to cutaneous stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
B7 HOMOLOG 3
B7H3
C1540293
CD276
CD276 ANTIGEN
CD276 Gene
CD276 Molecule Gene
This gene is involved in the regulation of T cell immune responses.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 044
Antigen, CD44
Antigens, CD44
C0243982
C1332712
CD 044 ANTIGENS
CD44
CD44 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 44
CD44 ANTIGEN
CD44 Adhesion Receptor
CD44 Antigens
CD44 gene
Cluster of differentiation antigen 44
ECMR - Extracellular matrix receptor type III
Extracellular matrix receptor type III
HERMES ANTIGEN
HUTCH-1
HYALURONAN RECEPT
Hatch-1
Hyaluronan Binding Protein
Hyaluronan Receptor
Hyaluronan Receptors
Hyaluronan-Binding Protein
Hyaluronan-Binding-Protein
Hyaluronic Acid Binding Protein
INLU-RELATED p80 GLYCOPROTEIN
Lymphocyte antigen CD44
Lymphocyte antigen CD44
MDU3
Pgp-1 - Phagocytic glycoprotein 1
Pgp1
Phagocytic glycoprotein 1
RECEPT HYALURONAN
Receptor, Hyaluronan
Receptors, Hyaluronan
gp85
This gene plays a role in cellular matrix adhesion and in lymphocyte activation.
CHGA gene
SECRETORY PROTEIN I
APOJ
CLU
CLU Gene
Clusterin Gene
SGP2
TRPM2
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0207071
CNTF
Ciliary Neuronotrophic Factor
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
FNTC
Factor, Ciliary Neuronotrophic
Factor, Ciliary Neurotrophic
Neuronotrophic Factor, Ciliary
Neurotrophic Factor, Ciliary
A neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of various neuronal cell types and may play an important role in the injury response in the nervous system.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0387583
COX 2 Prostaglandin Synthase
COX-2
COX-2 Prostaglandin Synthase
COX-2-Prostaglandin-Synthase
COX2
CYCLOOXYGENASE 002
Cyclo Oxygenase II
Cyclo-Oxygenase II
Cyclooxygenase 2
Cyclooxygenase-2
PGH-synthase COX-2
PGHS-2
PTGS2
Prostaglandin H Synthase 2
Prostaglandin H Synthase-2
Prostaglandin Synthase, COX-2
Prostaglandin synthase COX-2
Prostaglandin-H-Synthase-2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase isoform 2
Prostaglandine H synthase-2
Synthase, COX-2 Prostaglandin
TSOG-2
An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C Reactive Protein
C reactive protein
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, PENTRAXIN-RELATED
C-Reactive Protein, Pentraxin-Related Gene
C-reactive protein
C0006560
C1413716
CRP
CRP - C-reactive protein
CRP Gene
PENTRAXIN 1, SHORT
PTX1
Protein, C-Reactive
Proteins, specific or class, C-reactive
This gene plays a role in immune and inflammatory processes.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1413772
CST3
CST3 Gene
CYSTATIN 3
CYSTATIN C
Cystatin C Gene
GAMMA-TRACE
This gene is involved in enzyme inhibition.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0020966
Cell Mediated Immunity
Cell Mediated Immunology
Cell-Mediated Immunities
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cellular Immunities
Cellular Immunity
Immunities, Cell-Mediated
Immunities, Cellular
Immunity, Cell-Mediated
Immunity, Cellular
Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1622501
Cell Migration
Cell Migration Alteration
Cell Migration Process
Cellular Migration
Cellular Migration Process
Migration, Cell
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0302189
CELL THER
Cell Therapy
Cellular Therapy
THER CELL
Therapy, Cell
Utilization of specific cells, modified or not, for treatment of diseases. Donor lymphocyte infusion is a type of cellular therapy.
C0007806
CSF
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluids
Fluid, Cerebrospinal
Fluids, Cerebrospinal
Spinal fluid
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0055633
CHGA
CgA
Chromogranin A
Parathyroid Secretory Protein 1
Pituitary Secretory Protein I
A neuroendocrine product of certain prostate cells. Adds to the predictive value of prostate specific antigen in the evaluation of men with prostate disease. (from Medscape)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0393665
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
MS CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
Multiple sclerose, chronisch progressieve
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BEHAVIOR THER COGNITIVE
Behavior Therapies, Cognitive
Behavior Therapy, Cognitive
C0009244
CBT
CBT - Cognitive - behavior therapy
CBT - Cognitive - behaviour therapy
COGNITION THER
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THER
COGNITIVE PSYCHOTHER
COGNITIVE THER
CT
Cognition Therapies
Cognition Therapy
Cognitive - behavior therapy
Cognitive - behaviour therapy
Cognitive Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Psychotherapies
Cognitive Psychotherapy
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive and behavioral therapy
Cognitive and behavioural therapy
Cognitive approach
Cognitive therapy approach
Cognitive-behavioral therapy approach
Cognitive-behaviour therapy
Cognitive-behavioural therapy approach
PSYCHOTHER COGNITIVE
Psychotherapies, Cognitive
Psychotherapy - cognitive
Psychotherapy, Cognitive
THER COGNITION
THER COGNITIVE
THER COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR
Therapies, Cognition
Therapies, Cognitive
Therapies, Cognitive Behavior
Therapy, Cognition
Therapy, Cognitive
Therapy, Cognitive Behavior
A type of psychotherapy that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel about certain things. It is used to treat mental, emotional, personality, and behavioral disorders.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C.I. Natural Yellow 3
C0010467
Curcumin
Curcumin stain
Curcumine
Diferuloylmethan
Diferuloylmethane
Tumeric
Turmeric Yellow
Yellow, Turmeric
A phytopolylphenol pigment isolated from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, with a variety of pharmacologic properties. Curcumin blocks the formation of reactive-oxygen species, possesses anti-inflammatory properties as a result of inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and other enzymes involved in inflammation, and disrupts cell signal transduction by various mechanisms including inhibition of protein kinase C. These effects may play a role in the agent's observed antineoplastic properties, which include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and suppression of chemically induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth in animal models of cancer. (NCI04)
Basic Polypeptide, Neuroendocrine
Cystatin-3
Cystatin-C
Neuroendocrine Basic Polypeptide
Post gamma Globulin
Post-gamma-Globulin
gamma Trace
Dementia, Presenile
Dementias, Presenile
Pre-Senile Dementia
Presenile Dementia
Presenile Dementias
Presenile dementia NOS
Presenile psychosis NOS
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0392699
DYSESTHESIA
Dysaesthesia
Dysesthesias
Distortion of a sense resulting in an abnormal and unpleasant sensation, usually described as burning, tingling, or numbness. Causes include lesions of the nervous system.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0430022
Diagnostic Method
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic procedure NOS
Diagnostic procedures
diagnostic procedure
diagnostic technique
A specific test or series of steps done to help diagnose a disease or condition. Mammograms and colonscopies are examples of diagnostic procedures.
C0011906
Diagnoses, Differential
Diagnosis, Differential
Differential Diagnoses
Differential Diagnosis
Differential dx
2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl-
5,5-Diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
C0031507
Dilantin
Phenytoin
difenylhydantoin
difenylthiohydantoin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013227
Drug
Drug or medicament
Drug preparation
Drug product
Drug, medicament or biological substance
Drugs
General drug type
Medicinal product
Medicine
PHARM PREPARATIONS
PREPARATIONS PHARM
Pharmaceutic Preparations
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Preparations, Pharmaceutic
Preparations, Pharmaceutical
Type of drug preparation
medication
A legal drug that is used to prevent, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition.
SELE gene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0064419
EARLY GROWTH RESPONSE PROTEIN 002
EGR2 Transcription Factor
Early Growth Response Protein 2
Early-Growth-Response-Protein 2
Egr2
Krox 20 Transcription Factor
Krox-20 Transcription Factor
Krox20 Protein
Krox20-Protein
Transcription Factor, EGR2
Transcription Factor, Krox-20
protein Krox20
An early growth response transcription factor that controls the formation of the MYELIN SHEATH around peripheral AXONS by SCHWANN CELLS. Mutations in EGR2 transcription factor have been associated with HEREDITARY MOTOR AND SENSORY NEUROPATHIES such as CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013786
ES - Electrical stimulation
Electric Stimulation
Electric Stimulations
Electric stimulation technique
Electrical Stimulation
Electrical Stimulations
Stimulation, Electric
Stimulation, Electrical
Stimulations, Electric
Stimulations, Electrical
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0013855
EP - Electrophoresis
Electrophoreses
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis measurement
Fractionation, Electrophoretic
Zone electrophoresis measurement
The motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field, particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0011573
Depression, Endogenous
Depression, endogene
Depressions, Endogenous
Endogene Depression
Endogenous Depression
Endogenous Depressions
Depression which is considered strictly biological.
Burkitt Herpesvirus
Burkitt Lymphoma Virus
C0014644
EBV
HHV 4
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0242350
Dysfunction, Erectile
Erectile Dysfunction
Failure of erection
Impotence
Impotence NOS
Impotence of organic origin
Impotence, Male
Impotence, Male Sexual
Male Erectile Disorder Due to Specified Medical Condition
Male Impotence
Male Sexual Impotence
Male erectile disorder
Male erectile dysfunction
Male erectile dysfunction, unspecified
Sexual Impotence, Male
Sexual impotence
impotent
A disorder characterized by the persistent or recurrent inability to achieve or to maintain an erection during sexual activity.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ALLERGIC ENCEPH
ALLERGIC ENCEPH EXPER
AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPH EXPER
AUTOIMMUNE EXPER ENCEPH
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Allergic Encephalomyelitis, Experimental
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Experimental
Autoimmune Experimental Encephalomyelitis
C0014072
EAE
ENCEPH ALLERGIC
ENCEPH AUTOIMMUNE EXPER
ENCEPH EXPER AUTOIMMUNE
EXPER ALLERGIC ENCEPH
EXPER AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPH
Encephalomyelitis, Allergic
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune Experimental
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
Encephalomyelitis, Experimental Allergic
Encephalomyelitis, Experimental Autoimmune
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitides
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Experimental Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune
An autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is produced experimentally in animals by the injection of homogenized brain or spinal cord in Freund's adjuvant. Myelin basic protein appears to be the antigen that elicits the hypersensitivity immune response which is characterized by focal areas of lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration into the brain, associated with demyelination and destruction of the blood-brain barrier. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as an animal model for demyelinating diseases of the human central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
APO1
APOPTOSIS ANTIGEN 1
APT1
Acid Synthase, Fatty
C0015683
CD95
EC 2.3.1.85
FAS
FAS (Fatty Acid Synthase)
FAS ANTIGEN
FAS Gene
FASN
FASN (Fatty Acid Synthase)
Fatty Acid Synthase
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex
Fatty-acid synthase
Fatty-acid synthase
SURFACE ANTIGEN APO1
Synthase, Fatty Acid
TNFRSF6
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY, MEMBER 6
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids. It plays a central role in the production of surfactant in fetal lungs, in the supply of fatty components of milk, and in the conversion and storage of energy in liver and adipose tissue. Remarkably high levels of FAS expression are found in the majority of human epithelial cancers. Experimental manipulation suggests a link between FAS overexpression and dysregulation of membrane composition and functioning in tumor cells.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0015467
Craniofacial Pain Syndrome
Craniofacial Pain Syndromes
Facial Neuralgia
Facial Neuralgias
Facial Pain Syndrome
Facial Pain Syndromes
Neuralgia, Facial
Neuralgias, Facial
Pain Syndrome, Craniofacial
Pain Syndrome, Facial
Pain Syndromes, Craniofacial
Pain Syndromes, Facial
Syndrome, Craniofacial Pain
Syndrome, Facial Pain
Syndromes, Craniofacial Pain
Syndromes, Facial Pain
Neuralgic syndromes and other conditions which feature chronic or recurrent FACIAL PAIN as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0015468
Face Pain
Face ache
Facial Pain
Facial pain NOS
Pain in face
Pain of face
Pain, Face
Pain, Facial
Painful sensation in the face.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0241889
Epidemiology, Family Medical History
FH
FH - Family history
FH: NOS
Family health history
Family history of
Family history with explicit context
Family history: NOS
family history
family medical history
A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patient's family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0344315
Depressed
Depressed mood
Depression
Feeling low
Feeling of Sadness
Low mood
Melancholic
Miserable
Morose mood
Morosity
Sad
Sad mood
Sadness
Feelings of grief or unhappiness.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Astroprotein
C0017626
C1325793
GFA Protein
GFA-Protein
GFAP
GFAP Gene
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene
Glial Intermediate Filament Protein
PGFA
glial fibrillary acidic protein
glial fibrillary acidic protein location
OBSOLETE. Glial fibrillary acidic protein forms filaments in the glial cells that surround neurons and in astrocytes.
HP
HP gene
Haptoglobin Gene
A type of white blood cell that helps stimulate immune system reactions. Helper T cells help activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages by secreting cytokines. They also stimulate B cells to make antibodies.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0019369
Family Herpesviridae
Family: Herpes virus group
Herpes Virus
Herpes group virus
Herpes virus group
Herpesviridae
Herpesviruses
Herpetoviridae
Virus-Herpes
herpesvirus
A member of the herpes family of viruses.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0019552
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
AIDS Viruses
AIDS virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus
C0019682
HIV
HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus
HIV, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
HTLV WIII
HTLV-III
HUMAN IMMUNODEFIC VIRUS
HUMAN IMMUNODEFIC VIRUSES
HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III A T
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type III
Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III
Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type III
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III
IMMUNODEFIC VIRUS HUMAN
IMMUNODEFIC VIRUSES HUMAN
Immunodeficiency Virus, Human
Immunodeficiency Viruses, Human
LAV-HTLV-III
Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus
Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus
Lymphadenopathy-Associated Viruses
VIRUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFIC
VIRUSES HUMAN IMMUNODEFIC
Virus, AIDS
Virus, Human Immunodeficiency
Virus, Lymphadenopathy-Associated
Virus-HIV
Viruses, AIDS
Viruses, Human Immunodeficiency
Viruses, Lymphadenopathy-Associated
A cytopathic retrovirus. It is the etiological agent of AIDS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0020967
Humoral Immune Response
Humoral Immunity
Immunity, Humoral
Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
3, IGF-Binding Protein
C0123707
IGF BINDING PROTEIN 03
IGF Binding Protein 3
IGF-BP 3 - Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
IGF-Binding Protein 3
IGFBP 03
IGFBP-3
IGFBP3
INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 03 BINDING PROTEIN
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
Protein 3, IGF-Binding
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (291 aa, 32 kD) is a cell fate protein that is encoded by the human IGFBP3 gene and has roles in regulation of myoblast differentiation and regulation of apoptosis.
C1704264
Febrile Inhibitor, IL1
IL-1Ra
IL1 Febrile Inhibitor
IL1-Febrile-Inhibitor
IL1RN
INTERLEUKIN 001 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN
Interleukin 1 Inhibitor, Urine
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
Urine Derived IL1 Inhibitor
Urine IL-1 Inhibitor
Urine-Derived IL1 Inhibitor
Urine-Derived-IL1-Inhibitor
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1417760
INOS
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE 2A
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, MACROPHAGE
NOS2
NOS2 gene
NOS2A
NOS2A Gene
NOS2A, INDUCIBLE, HEPATOCYTE
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A (Inducible, Hepatocytes) Gene
This gene is involved in vasodilation and regulation of the bactericidal/tumoricidal actions of macrophages.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0879590
IL-2 Gene
IL2 gene
Interleukin 2 Gene
Interleukin-2 Gene
The DNA sequence that encodes the protein cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). When introduced as the complementary DNA (cDNA) form into tumor cells by, for example, a genetically engineered adenovirus vector, the transfected IL-2 cDNA expresses IL-2 which may activate antitumoral natural killer cells and elicit an antitumoral cytotoxic T-cell response, resulting in an inhibition of tumor progression. (NCI04)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0020969
Immunity, Innate
Immunity, Native
Immunity, Natural
Immunity, Non Specific
Immunity, Non-Specific
Innate Immunity
Native Immunity
Natural Immunity
Non-Specific Immunity
The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0015980
One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity.
C0079633
C0085295
CSIF-10
Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor
IL - 10
C0214743
IL 13
C0384648
CTLA8
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 8
IL-17
C0021756
Epidermal Thymocyte Activating Factor
IL - 2
Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor
T Cell Stimulating Factor
T-Cell Growth Factor
Burst Promoting Factor, Erythrocyte
C0021757
Colony-Stimulating Factor, Multipotential
IL-3
B Cell Growth Factor 1
B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1
BCDF-1
BCGF-1
C0021758
IL-4
C0021759
IL-5
B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2
B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2
C0021760
IL-6
Capsule, Internal
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0022369
Human Polyomavirus JC
Human polyomavirus type JC
JC Polyomavirus
JC Virus
JC polyomavirus JCV
JCV - JC virus
Polyomavirus JC, Human
Polyomavirus hominis 2
Polyomavirus, JC
human polyomavirus JCV
polyoma virus JC JCV
polyomavirus JC
A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.
Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes, TC1 and TC2.
CD62 ANTIGEN LIGAND
CD62L
LAM1
LEU8
LYAM1
SELL gene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Borrelia
Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection
Borreliosis, Lyme
C0024198
Disease, Lyme
Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi
LYME DIS
Lyme Borreliosis
Lyme Disease
Lyme disease, unspecified
Steere's disease
An infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Early manifestations of infection may include fever, headache, fatigue, depression, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. Left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Activation, Lymphocyte
BLAST TRANSFORM
Blast Transformation
Blastogenesis
C0024262
LYMPHOBLAST TRANSFORM
LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORM
Lymphoblast Transformation
Lymphocyte Activation
Lymphocyte Activation Process
Lymphocyte Stimulation
Lymphocyte Transformation
Stimulation, Lymphocyte
TRANSFORM BLAST
TRANSFORM LYMPHOBLAST
TRANSFORM LYMPHOCYTE
Transformation, Blast
Transformation, Lymphoblast
Transformation, Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte Activation involves stimulation of the production and activity of lymphocytes. Stimulation increases the immune response to invading substances.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
92 kDa Gelatinase
92 kDa Type IV Collagenase
92-Kd gelatinase
92-kDa Gelatinase
92-kDa Type IV Collagenase
C0165519
Gelatinase B
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 009
MMP 9 Metalloproteinase
MMP-9 Metalloproteinase
MMP-9 Protein
MMP9
MMP9 Metalloproteinase
Macrophage Gelatinase
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
Metalloproteinase 9, Matrix
Metalloproteinase, MMP-9
Metalloproteinase, MMP9
Type V Collagenase
Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This enzyme degrades type IV and V collagens. Studies in rhesus monkeys suggest that the enzyme is involved in IL-8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow, and murine studies suggest a role in tumor-associated tissue remodeling. (from LocusLink)
http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-understanding-of-neurodegenerative-diseases/modelling-multiple-sclerosis-in-vitro-and-the-influence-of-activated-macrophages
MRI
MRI Scan
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0024487
MR Spectroscopy
MRS - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic
Spectroscopy, MR
Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that are involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components. EC 3.4.24.-.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1257975
Cell, Mesenchymal Progenitor
Cell, Mesenchymal Stem
Cells, Mesenchymal Progenitor
Cells, Mesenchymal Stem
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells
Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal cell
Progenitor Cell, Mesenchymal
Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal
Stem Cell, Mesenchymal
Stem Cells, Mesenchymal
Cells that can develop into distinct mesenchymal tissue such as BONE, TENDONS, MUSCLES, ADIPOSE TISSUE, CARTILAGE, NERVE TISSUE, and BLOOD and BLOOD VESSELS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0025664
METHODS
MT
Methodology
procedures
techniques
The system of methods followed in a particular discipline.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0242943
MIMICRY MOL
MOL MIMICRY
Mimicries, Molecular
Mimicry, Molecular
Molecular Mimicries
Molecular Mimicry
The structure of one molecule that imitates or simulates the structure of a different molecule.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0282617
Evoked Potential, Motor
Evoked Potentials, Motor
Motor Evoked Potential
Motor Evoked Potentials
Potential, Motor Evoked
Potentials, Motor Evoked
The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0027752
FCN
Factors, Nerve Growth
Factors, Neuronotrophic
Factors, Neurotrophic
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR A 001
NGF
NGF (Nerve Growth Factor)
Nerve Growth Factor
Nerve Growth Factor 1
Nerve Growth Factors
Neuronotrophic Factors
Neurotrophic Factors
Neurotrophic Protein
Neurotrophic Proteins
Neurotrophins
A protein made by the body that causes certain nerve cells to grow and helps keep them alive.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C2350466
Killer T-Cell, Natural
Killer T-Cells, Natural
NKT Cell
NKT Cells
Natural Killer T Cell
Natural Killer T Cells
Natural Killer T-Cell
Natural Killer T-Cells
T-Cell, Natural Killer
T-Cells, Natural Killer
A specialized subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES that exhibit features of INNATE IMMUNITY similar to that of NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They are reactive to glycolipids presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1D ANTIGEN.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0175860
History, Natural
NATURAL HIST
Natural History
natural history study
A study that follows a group of people over time who have, or are at risk of developing, a specific medical condition or disease. A natural history study collects health information in order to understand how the medical condition or disease develops and how to treat it.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1113654
Cell, Neural Stem
Cells, Neural Stem
Neural Stem Cell
Neural Stem Cells
Stem Cell, Neural
Stem Cells, Neural
Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.
Assessing neurological performance
Assessing neurological status
C0027853
Neurological assessment
Ranvier Nodes
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ASY protein, human
C1309732
Foocen
NEURITE GROWTH INHIBITOR 220
NI220
NSP
Neuroendocrine-Specific Protein
Neuroendocrine-Specific Protein C Homolog
Nogo Protein
Nogo protein, human
Nogo-A
RTN-x
RTN-x protein, human
RTN4 protein, human
Reticulon-4
Reticulon-5
reticulon 4 protein, human
Reticulon-4 (1192 aa, ~130 kDa) is encoded by the human RTN4 gene. This protein plays a role in both neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN, CLASS B, 1
BHLHB1
C1418915
OLIG2
OLIG2 Gene
OLIGODENDROCYTE LINEAGE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2
Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription Factor 2 Gene
PRKCBP2
PROTEIN KINASE C BINDING PROTEIN 2
This gene is involved in transcriptional regulation and oligodendrocyte and motor neuron differentiation. This gene may play a role in the development of brain tumors.
BONE SIALOPROTEIN
EARLY T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION 1
ETA1
OPN
SPP1
SPP1 Gene
Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 Gene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bands, Oligoclonal
C0069426
Multiple protein bands serving as markers of specific ANTIBODIES and detected by ELECTROPHORESIS of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID or serum. The bands are most often seen during inflammatory or immune processes and are found in most patients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1274040
OUT
Outcomes
Result
Results
outcome
The result of an action.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0242606
Oxidative Stress
Oxidative Stresses
Stress, Oxidative
Stresses, Oxidative
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0072480
FBCDP
Gene, PDGFB
Gene, c-sis
Genes, PDGFB
Genes, c-sis
ONCOGENE SIS
PDGF B-Chain
PDGF, B Chain
PDGF-2
PDGF2
PDGFB
PDGFB Gene
PDGFB Genes
Platelet Derived Growth Factor B
Platelet Derived Growth Factor Beta Chain
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Beta
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Beta Polypeptide
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, B Chain
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Beta Polypeptide
Proto Oncogene Products c sis
Proto Oncogene Protein sis
Proto Oncogene Proteins c sis
Proto Oncogene Proteins sis
Proto-Oncogene Products c-sis
Proto-Oncogene Protein sis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins sis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins, sis
Proto-Oncogene, c-sis
Proto-Oncogenes, c-sis
SIMIAN SARCOMA VIRAL ONCOGENE HOMOLOG
SIS Gene Product
SSV
V-SIS PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR, BETA POLYPEPTIDE
c sis Genes
c sis Proteins
c sis Proto Oncogenes
c-sis Gene
c-sis Genes
c-sis Proteins
c-sis Proto-Oncogene
c-sis Proto-Oncogenes
sis Proto Oncogene Proteins
sis Proto-Oncogene Proteins
sis, Proto-Oncogene Protein
sis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0657912
Lyrica
A 3-isobutyl derivative of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) with anti-convulsant, anti-epileptic, anxiolytic, and analgesic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, pregabalin selectively binds to alpha2delta (A2D) subunits of presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) located in the central nervous system (CNS). Binding of pregabalin to VDCC A2D subunits prevents calcium influx and the subsequent calcium-dependent release of various neurotransmitters, including glutamate, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and substance P, from the presynaptic nerve terminals of hyperexcited neurons, synaptic transmission is inhibited and neuronal excitability is diminished. Pregabalin does not bind directly to GABA-A or GABA-B receptors and does not alter GABA uptake or degradation.
SERPIN PEPTIDASE INHIBITOR, CLADE A, MEMBER 5
SERPINA5 gene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bread
Breads
C0030193
Dolor
Pain
Pain NOS
Pain finding
Pain observations
Pain, unspecified
Painful
Part hurts
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0206335
ECON PHARM
Economics, Pharmaceutical
PHARM ECON
PHARMACOECON
Pharmaceutical Economics
Pharmacoeconomics
Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989,1(1), PharmacoEcon 1992,1(1))
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1138555
PGx
Pharmacogenomics
The investigation of variations of DNA and RNA characteristics as related to drug response.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0032112
Cell, Plasma
Cells, Plasma
Plasma Cell
Plasma Cells
Plasmacyte
Plasmacytes
Plasmocyte
plasmacytic
A type of immune cell that makes large amounts of a specific antibody. Plasmacytes develop from B cells that have been activated. A plasmacyte is a type of white blood cell.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1449562
Cell Culture, Primary
Cell Cultures, Primary
Culturing, in vitro Vertebrate, Primary
Primary Cell Culture
Primary Cell Cultures
The initial culturing of cells derived directly from fresh TISSUES.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ACTIVATED PROTEIN C INHIB
Acrosomal Serine Protease Inhibitor
Activated Protein C Inhibitor
Alpha-1 Antiproteinase
Antitrypsin
C0072348
PAI 03
PAI-3
PCI
PLANH3
PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIB 3
PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIB TYPE 3
PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 03
PROCI
PROTEIN C INHIB
PROTEIN C INHIB ACTIVATED
Plasma Serine Protease Inhibitor
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 3
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor III
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor, Type 3
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-3
Protein C Inhibitor
Protein C Inhibitor, Activated
SERPINA5
Serine or Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade A Member 5
Serpin A5
TYPE 3 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIB
Type 3 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
A member of the serpin family of proteins that is found in plasma and urine. It is dependent on heparin and is able to inhibit activated PROTEIN C, THROMBIN, KALLIKREIN, and other SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0034380
Life Qualities
Life Quality
Quality of Life
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment, the overall condition of a human life.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0751967
MS RELAPSING REMITTING
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing Remitting
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
Multiple Sclerosis, Remitting-Relapsing
Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Remitting Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0035280
RETENTION PSYCHOL
Retention
The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0035648
Factor, Risk
Factors, Risk
Risk Factor
Risk Factors
Something that increases the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer are age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, being exposed to radiation or certain chemicals, infection with certain viruses or bacteria, and certain genetic changes.
CHGB gene
SCG1
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Alpers Syndrome
Balo concentric sclerosis
Balo's Concentric Sclerosis
Balo's disease
C0007795
Cerebral Sclerosis, Diffuse
Concentric Sclerosis, Balo
Concentric Sclerosis, Balo's
Concentric sclerosis
Diffuse Cerebral Scleroses
Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis
Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder
Diffuse Scleroses, Myelinoclastic
Diffuse Sclerosis, Myelinoclastic
Diffuse sclerosis
Disease, Schilder
Disease, Schilder's
ENCEPH PERIAXIALIS
ENCEPH PERIAXIALIS CONCENTRICA
ENCEPH PERIAXIALIS DIFFUSA
Encephalitis Periaxialis
Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica
Encephalitis Periaxialis Diffusa
Myelinoclastic Diffuse Scleroses
Myelinoclastic Diffuse Sclerosis
Poliodystrophia Cerebri
SCHILDER DIS
SCHILDERS DIS
SUDANOPHILIC CEREBRAL SCLEROSIS
Schilder Disease
Schilder's Disease
Schilders Disease
Scleroses, Balo's Concentric
Scleroses, Myelinoclastic Diffuse
Sclerosis, Diffuse Cerebral
Sclerosis, Myelinoclastic Diffuse
A rare congenital demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by a demyelinating destructive lesion affecting an entire brain lobe or hemisphere. Signs and symptoms include dementia, cortical deafness and blindness, pseudobulbar palsy, and hemiplegia.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0055635
CHGB
Chromogranin B
Secretogranin B
Secretogranin I
Chromogranin B is a tyrosine-sulfated secretory protein found in a wide variety of peptidergic endocrine cells. Chromogranin functions as a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides. (LocusLink)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0020963
C0206119
Immune Tolerance
Immunologic paralysis
Immunologic tolerance
Immunologic unresponsiveness
Immunological Tolerance
Self Tolerance
Self Tolerances
Tolerance
Tolerance, Immune
Tolerance, Self
Tolerances, Self
immune system tolerance
The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0851578
DISTURBANCES, SLEEP
SLEEP DIS
SLEEP DISTURBANCES
Sleep Disorders
Sleep disorder
Sleep disorder NOS
Sleep disorder, unspecified
Sleep-wake disorder
parasomnia
A disturbance of normal sleep patterns. There are a number of sleep disorders that range from trouble falling asleep, to nightmares, sleepwalking, and sleep apnea (problems with breathing that cause loud snoring). Poor sleep may also be caused by diseases such as heart disease, lung disease, or nerve disorders.
2-Propylpentanoic Acid Sodium Salt
C0037567
C0015216
Evoked Potential, Somatosensory
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGEN RECEPT T CELL
Antigen Receptor, T-Cell
Antigen Receptors, T Cell
Antigen Receptors, T-Cell
C0034790
C1158557
MHC Receptor
Major Histocompatibility Complex Receptor
RECEPT ANTIGEN T CELL
RECEPT T CELL ANTIGEN
Receptor, T-Cell
Receptor, T-Cell Antigen
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Receptors, T Cell Antigen
Receptors, T-Cell
Receptors, T-Cell Antigen
T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPT
T CELL RECEPT
T Cell Antigen Receptor
T Cell Receptor
T Cell Receptors
T cell receptor complex
T cell receptor complex location
T lymphocyte receptor complex
T lymphocyte receptor complex location
T-Cell Antigen Receptor
T-Cell Antigen Receptors
T-Cell Receptor
T-Cell Receptors
T-cell antigen receptor site
T-cell receptor complex
T-cell receptor complex location
T-lymphocyte receptor complex
T-lymphocyte receptor complex location
TC-NER
TCR
Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair
transcription-coupled NER
transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
transcription-coupled repair
The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Bone Derived Transforming Growth Factor
Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor
C0040690
Factor, Milk Growth
Growth Factor, Milk
Milk Growth Factor
POLIERGIN
Platelet Transforming Growth Factor
TGF B
TGF-b
TGFbeta
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta
A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0210492
HUMANER TIMP 03
Humaner TIMP-3
Metalloproteinase-3 Tissue Inhibitor
TIMP 03
TIMP 3
TIMP 3 Protein
TIMP-3
TIMP-3 Protein
TIMP-3 humain
TIMP3 Protein
TISSUE INHIB METALLOPROTEINASE 3
TISSUE INHIBITOR 03 OF METALLOPROTEINASE
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3
A member of the family of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Mutations of the gene for TIMP3 PROTEIN causes Sorsby fundus dystrophy.
F3 gene
TF
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
12 Myristoyl 13 acetylphorbol
12 O Tetradecanoyl Phorbol 13 Acetate
12-Myristoyl-13-acetylphorbol
12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol 13-Acetate
12-O-tetradecanoil-forbolo-13-acetato
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
13-Acetate, 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol
Acetate, Phorbol Myristate
Acetate, Tetradecanoylphorbol
C0039654
Myristate Acetate, Phorbol
PMA
PMAS
Phorbol 13-Acetate, 12-O-Tetradecanoyl
Phorbol Myristate Acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol-Acetat
A substance being studied in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Tetradecanoylphorbol acetate affects many cell actions and may cause tumor cells to die. It is a type of phorbol ester.
TF gene
TRANSFERRIN SERUM LEVEL QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS
Transferrin Gene
CD71
TFR
TFR1
TFRC
TFRC gene
TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR 1
TRFR
PALB
PREALBUMIN, THYROXINE-BINDING
TTR Gene
Transthyretin Gene
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0950101
Curcuma domestica
Curcuma domestica Valeton
Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa L.
Curcuma longas
Indian saffron
TURMERIC
jiang huang
longa, Curcuma
longas, Curcuma
An East Indian plant that is a member of the ginger family and is used as a spice and food color. The underground stems are used in some cultures to treat certain stomach problems. The substance in turmeric that gives it a yellow color (curcumin) is being studied in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer disease, cystic fibrosis, and psoriasis. The scientific name is Curcuma longa.
A type of immune cell that can attack foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus. T lymphocytes can also help control immune responses. A T lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0039194
LYMPHOCYTES J
Lymphocyte T
Lymphocyte, Thymus-Dependent
Lymphocytes, Thymus-Dependent
T Cells
T Lymphocytes
T cell
T lymphocyte
T-Cell
T-Cells
T-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocytes
Thymus Dependent Lymphocytes
Thymus-Dependent Lymphocyte
Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0206425
ENCEPH VIRUS MURINE THEILER
Encephalomyelitis Virus, Murine, Theiler
Mouse Poliovirus
Mouse Polioviruses
Murine Poliovirus
Poliovirus, Mouse
Poliovirus, Murine
Polioviruses, Murine
THEILER MURINE ENCEPH VIRUS
THEILERS MURINE ENCEPH VIRUS
TMEV
Theiler Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Theiler Virus
Theiler's Virus
Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus
Theilers Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Theilers Virus
A strain of THEILOVIRUS that can be divided into two biological subgroups which both infect mice. One causes an acute and fatal polioencephalomyelitis and the other causes a chronic persistent demyelinating infection of the white matter. (7th ICTV Report, p668-9)
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
ANTIGENS CD 142
Activity, Glomerular Procoagulant
Antigens, CD142
BLOOD COAG FACTOR III
Blood Coagulation Factor III
Blood-coagulation factor III
C0040048
CD 142 ANTIGENS
CD142 Antigen
CD142 Antigens
COAG FACTOR III
Coagulation Factor III
Coagulin
F3
F3 Protein
Factor III
Factor III, Coagulation
GLOMERULAR PROCOAG ACTIVITY
Glomerular Procoagulant Activity
Procoagulant Activity, Glomerular
Procoagulant, Tissue Factor
Prothrombinase
TISSUE FACTOR PROCOAG
Thrombokinase
Thromboplastin
Thromboplastin preparation
Thromboplastin product
Thromboplastin, Tissue
Tissue Factor
Tissue Factor Procoagulant
Tissue Thromboplastin
Urothromboplastin
Tissue factor, the high-affinity receptor and cofactor for the plasma serine protease VII/VIIa
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0034845
CD71 - Cluster of differentiation antigen 71
Cluster of differentiation antigen 71
RECEPT TRANSFERRIN
Receptor, Transferrin
Receptors, Transferrin
TRANSFERRIN RECEPT
Transferrin Receptor
Transferrin Receptors
Transferrin receptor site
Membrane glycoproteins found in high concentrations on iron-utilizing cells. They specifically bind iron-bearing transferrin, are endocytosed with its ligand and then returned to the cell surface where transferrin without its iron is released.
C1456820
Cachectin
Cachectin Tumor Necrosis Factor
TNF alpha
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C1336930
OMP2, YEAST, HUMAN COMPLEMENT OF
PORIN
VDAC1
VDAC1 gene
VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL 1
Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 Gene
This gene is involved in the regulation of small molecule transport through the outer mitochondrial membrane.
GC
GC gene
VDBG
VDBP
VITAMIN D-BINDING ALPHA-GLOBULIN
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0015217
Evoked Potential, Visual
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Evoked Response, Visual
Evoked Responses, Visual
Potential, Visual Evoked
Potentials, Visual Evoked
Response, Visual Evoked
Responses, Visual Evoked
Visual Evoked Potential
Visual Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Response
Visual Evoked Responses
Visual evoked cortical potential
The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
25 HCC Binding Protein
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol Binding Protein
25 Hydroxyvitamin D Binding Protein
25-HCC-Binding Protein
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-Binding Protein
25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Binding Protein
C0042872
Calciferol Binding Protein
Calciferol-Binding Protein
Component Globulin, Group-Specific
DBP
Gc Globulin
Gc-globulin
Globulin, Gc
Globulin, Group-Specific Component
Globulin, Vitamin D-Binding
Group Specific Component Globulin
Group-Specific Component
Group-Specific Component Globulin
Transcalciferin
VDB
Vitamin D Binding Globulin
Vitamin D Binding Protein
Vitamin D-Binding Globulin
Vitamin D-Binding Protein
Vitamin D-binding protein (474 aa, ~53 kDa) is encoded by the human GC gene. This protein plays a role in both vitamin transport and actin polymerization.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol
Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol preparation
C0008318
Calciol
Cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol preparation
Colecalciferol
Colecalciferol preparation
D3 - Cholecalciferol
Delsterol
VITAMIN D A 03
VITD - Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D 3
Vitamin D3
Vtitamin D3
Vitamin D synthesized from ergosterol in yeast and plants.
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0043020
Degeneration, Wallerian
Secondary degeneration
Wallerian Degeneration
A condition caused by degeneration, atrophy, and destruction of the distal part of a nerve fiber's axon and myelin, when continuity with the neural cell nucleus has been severed due to injury. Signs and symptoms include muscle weakness, altered sensation, and limb numbness.
C0383429
Campath
AHSG Protein
Alpha-2 HS-glycoprotein
Fetuin A
Fetuin-A
alpha 2 HS Glycoprotein
alpha 2HS Glycoprotein
alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein
alpha-2HS Glycoprotein
alpha2 HS glycoprotein
alpha2 Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein
alpha2HS Glycoprotein
NACP
Non AB Component of AD Amyloid Protein
Non-A Beta Component of AD Amyloid
Non-A4 Component of Amyloid Precursor
Non-AB Component of AD Amyloid Protein
alpha Synuclein
alpha-Synuclein
Catecholamines
Catecolamine
SIMPATINY
Simpatine
Sympathine
Sympathins
catecholamine
C0007807
CF
Chemiochine
Chemochine
Chemokines
Chemotactic Cytokines
Cytokines, Chemotactic
Homologous Chemotactic Cytokines
Intercrine
Intercrines
chemokine
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0056257
Contactins
contactin
A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in NERVOUS SYSTEM patterning.
DI
diagnosis aspect
C0013819
EEG
ELECTROENCEPHALOGR
Electroencephalography
4 Aminobutanoic Acid
C0016904
Piperidic Acid
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0018894
Helper Cell
Helper Cells
Helper Inducer T Lymphocytes
Helper T Cells
Helper T-Cell
Helper T-Cells
Helper T-Lymphocyte
Helper T-Lymphocytes
Helper-Inducer T-Cell
Helper-Inducer T-Cells
Helper-Inducer T-Lymphocyte
Helper-Inducer T-Lymphocytes
Inducer Cell
Inducer Cells
Inducer T-Lymphocyte
Inducer T-Lymphocytes
LYMPHOCYTES J HELPER
LYMPHOCYTES J HELPER INDUCER
LYMPHOCYTES J INDUCER
T Cells, Helper Inducer
T Lymphocytes, Helper
T Lymphocytes, Helper Inducer
T Lymphocytes, Inducer
T helper cell
T-Cell, Helper
T-Cell, Helper-Inducer
T-Cells, Helper
T-Cells, Helper-Inducer
T-Lymphocyte, Helper
T-Lymphocyte, Helper-Inducer
T-Lymphocyte, Inducer
T-Lymphocytes, Helper
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
T-Lymphocytes, Inducer
Th cell
helper T cell
C0039195
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0039195
CTL
CTL cell
CYTOTOX T LYMPHOCYTES
CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES J
Cell Mediated Lympholytic Cells
Cell, Cell-Mediated Lympholytic
Cell-Mediated Lympholytic Cell
Cell-Mediated Lympholytic Cells
Cells, Cell-Mediated Lympholytic
Cytolytic T-Cell
Cytotoxic T Cells
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes
LYMPHOCYTES J CYTOTOXIC
Lympholytic Cell, Cell-Mediated
Lympholytic Cells, Cell-Mediated
T LYMPHOCYTES CYTOTOX
T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
T-Lymphocyte, Cytotoxic
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Tc cell
cytotoxic T cell
killer T cell
Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0623362
MMPs
Matrix Metalloproteinases
matrix metalloproteinase
Provigil
Myelin Sheath
Sheath, Myelin
https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts.html
C0069751
Novartis brand of oxcarbazepine
Trileptal
oxcarbazepine
Cell, Phagocytic
Phagocytic Cell
pharmacologic therapy
pharmacotherapeutic
Physical Therapeutics
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy procedure
C0036658
Feeling - sensation
Function, Sensory
viral