C0751730
83373005
Anton syndrome, also known as Anton's blindness and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. Those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing.
C0234668
4129001
This lesion is a hallmark of tertiary neurosyphillis
Pupils will NOT constrict to light but they WILL constrict with accommodation
Pupils are small at baseline and usually both involved (although degree may be asymmetrical)
C0034935
366575004
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
C4707368
765212008
A rare neurologic disease with characteristics of the triad of optic ataxia, ocular apraxia and simultanagnosia due to posterior parietal lobe lesions. Patients report ophthalmologic difficulties in the absence of underlying ophthalmologic anomalies and present severe visual and spatial disabilities in locating and reaching objects, initiating voluntary eye movements and perceiving more than one object at a time.
C0003550
229654003
An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).
C1847609
C0017494
36785009
A disorder of cognition characterized by the tetrad of finger agnosia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and right-left disorientation.
aphasia-angular_gyrus_syndrome
C0239962
163873006
The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking the fingernail downward, allowing the middle finger to flick upward reflexively. A positive response is seen when there is flexion and adduction of the thumb on the same hand. A positive Hoffmann’s reflex and finger jerks suggest hypertonia, but can occur in healthy individuals, and are not useful signs in isolation.
C0019937
192915005
syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye; clinical features include miosis, mild blepharoptosis, and hemifacial anhidrosis (decreased sweating); lesions of the brain stem, cervical spinal cord, first thoracic nerve root, apex of the lung, carotid artery, cavernous sinus, and apex of the orbit may cause this condition.
sympathetic_ophthalmoplegia; sympathetic cervical paralysis; oculosympathetic_palsy
C0338567
271730003
A small reactive pupil. The miosis is caused by interruption of sympathetic tone.
C1841624
C0576702
299950000
Lhermitte's sign (also known as Lhermitte's phenomenon also referred to as the barber chair phenomenon is the name which describes an electric shock-like sensation that occurs on flexion of the neck. This sensation radiates down the spine, often into the legs, arms, and sometimes to the trunk.
barbers_chair_sign; Lhermittes_phenomenom
C0152222
37991008
A rare syndrome affecting conjugate vertical eye movement. It is often caused by a dorsal midbrain neoplasm, commonly a pinealoma, but may also be attributable to demyelinating diseases or stroke. Clinical signs include limitation of upward gaze, light-near dissociation of the pupillary response, eyelid retraction (Collier's sign) and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Clinical course is dependent on effective treatment of underlying cause.
C0423549
370377000
Bone conduction better than air conduction.
C0423548
370378005
Air conduction better than bone conduction.
Normal Rinne test.
C0278127
373676004
C0853374
163770001
The Romberg test is positive if the patient begins to sway when standing erect with eyes closed. In general, patients with cerebellar problems will not be able to stand with feet together even with eyes open. Swaying that begins when the patient closes their eyes suggests a problem with proprioception in the lower extremities.
Romberg sign present
C0521004
27472009
C0521003
31732001
C1510456
69206000
Impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning of words, both spoken and written, and of the meanings conveyed by their grammatical relationships in sentences. It is caused by lesions that primarily affect Wernicke's area, which lies in the posterior perisylvian region of the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere.
C0558753
274606006
Lack of contraction of abdominal muscles in the quadrant of the abdomen that is stimulated by scraping the skin tangential to or toward the umbilicus.
C0576601
299852009
C1291710
386782008
C0234629
23289000
An anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors.
C0558845
274818004
C0558847
274820001
C0437606
164042004
C0578618
301944006
An abnormality of the reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina of the eye.
C0558844
274817009
Absence of the knee jerk reflex, which can normally be elicited by tapping the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella.
C0578621
301947004
C0234146
37280007
A finding indicating the complete absence of neurological reflexes
C0558752
274605005
absent_radial_reflex; absent_brachioradialis_reflex
C0278124
349006
C0558846
C0919974
737585009
Poverty of behavior and speech output, lack of initiative, loss of emotional responses, psychomotor slowing, and prolonged speech latency.
C0234376
30721006
A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement.
intention_tremor; cerebellar_tremor
C0549122
232122003
The pupil responds consensually but not directly to light--so-called positive swinging flashlight test suggesting an afferent defect in the diseased eye.
Marcus_Gunn_pupil; positive_swinging_flashlight_test
C0339662
232121005
C2364111
36955009
C0001807
61372001
Aggressive behavior can denote verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, physical aggression against people, and may also include aggression towards oneself.
aggression; aggressive
C0085631
24199005
A condition in which a person is unable to relax and be still. The person may be very tense and irritable, and become easily annoyed by small things. He or she may be eager to have an argument, and be unwilling to work with caregivers to make the situation better.
C0001816
42341009
Inability to recognize objects not because of sensory deficit but because of the inability to combine components of sensory impressions into a complete pattern. Thus, agnosia is a neurological condition which results in an inability to know, to name, to identify, and to extract meaning from visual, auditory, or tactile impressions.
C1328618
The inability to recognize letters or numbers traced on the palm of the hand despite adequate sensation.
C0001825
27206009
C0392156
285145004
A disorder characterized by an uncomfortable feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still; this is a side effect of some psychotropic drugs.
motor_restlessness
C0001889
53333005
A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preserved sensorimotor pathways and vigilance. Bilateral frontal lobe dysfunction involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and related brain injuries are associated with this condition. This may result in impaired abilities to communicate and initiate motor activities.
coma_vigil
C0002018
9236007
An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read.
dyslexia
C0458247
247404004
Allodynia is the elicitation of pain by stimuli that are normally not painful.
painful_response_to_non_painful_stimulus
C0271205
246669008
C0422991
246662004
C0002622
48167000
Systematic and extensive loss of memory caused by organic or psychological factors. The loss may be temporary or permanent, and may involve old or recent memories.
memory_loss
C0234497
26610007
C0576612
299863007
C0751471
299865000
C0234517
48257004
Pure anarthria is a rare disorder commonly defined as a total inability to articulate speech in the absence of any deficit both of auditory comprehension and of written language. It can follow either cortical, subcortical, or brain stem lesions. Anarthria should be kept separate from mutism (inability or unwillingness to speak in the absence of any brain lesion capable of affect the articulatory planning), as well as from dysarthria (a speech disorder due to weakness or incoordination of speech muscles).
C0003079
13045009
Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease.
unequal_pupils
C0238651
39055007
Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward.
C0003113
10325006
A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived.
C2228041
C0003126
44169009
An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell.
loss_of_smell
C0234507
20930002
A condition in which a person who suffers illness or disability seems unaware of or denies the existence of the illness or disabilit
Denial_of_illness
C0231685
gait_finding
67141003
C0085632
20602000
Lack of emotion or emotional expression; a disorder of motivation that persists over time.
listless
C0003537
87486003
Cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form; caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere; general categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia
dysphasia
C1291740
106169008
C0750937
coordination_finding
limb_ataxia
C0003635
68345001
loss of ability to perform familiar, purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or other neural sensorimotor impairment.
C4228025
37280007
C0004090
71802006
C0232766
32838008
A clinical sign indicating a lapse of posture and is usually manifest by a bilateral flapping tremor at the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and hip joints.
flapping_tremor; liver_flap
C3842129
C0004134
coordination_finding
20262006
Ataxia is the presence of uncoordinated, imprecise, and inaccurate movements.
dyssynergia; dystaxia
C0234366
C0454599
229687004
cerebellar_dysarthria
C0751837
25136009
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.
C0585568
307700006
C0004158
58593005
A movement disorder consisting of slow, involuntary, and nonpurposeful writhing movements that usually affect the upper limbs.
C1864717
C3808485
C0750942
C0234511
24500009
body_image_agnosia
C0575082
gait_finding
298304004
C0238767
C0422917
246588005
C0018775
95820000
C4036173
C2315695
430977001
C2033345
15930381000119104
C2881291
C0271208
87278000
C0221184
61917005
C2930898
59026006
C0271240
22950006
unilateral_blindness
C0456909
193699007
Inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli; condition may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseases effecting the visual pathways or occipital lobe.
C0576562
299813002
C0278232
72436007
C0344232
246636008
A disorder characterized by visual perception of unclear or fuzzy images.
C0233565
399317006
Abnormal slowness of movement, which is often a symptom of neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.
C0576629
299880006
C0576582
299833003
C0576595
299846008
C0576553
299805003
To elicit the jaw jerk, the examiner places an index finger over the jaw or chin, holding the mouth partly open, then gently taps the examiner's finger with the reflex hammer. The the brisk jaw jerk may indicate a state of generalized hyperreflexia due to a supranuclear lesion such as stroke or ALS.
C0576623
299874003
C2673700
Tendon reflexes that are noticably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examnation). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.
C0576588
299839004
C0522227
102983008
C0576576
299827007
C0576619
299870007
C0427049
249928002
C0007280
419642000
A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid artery area on auscultation during systole.
C0007398
247917007
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations.
C0152191
38950008
An area of depressed vision located at the point of fixation and that interferes with central vision.
C0271196
33014001
A scotoma (area of diminished vision within the visual field) located between the central point of fixation and the blind spot with a roughly horizontal oval shape.
C0007758
coordination_finding
85102008
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- oder overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
C0008489
271700006
Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.
C0427162
250040002
C0085583
43105007
Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).
C0558750
274603003
The ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline). This reflex is absent in Horner's syndrome and lesions involving the cervical sympathetic fibers. The enhanced ciliospinal reflex in asymptomatic patients with cluster headache is due to preganglionic sympathetic mechanisms.
C0277820
2581006
C0009024
36649002
A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.
C0683369
40917007
C1842201
C0151564
55630000
A type of rigidity in which a muscle responds with cogwheellike jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb (i.e., it gives way in little, repeated jerks when the muscle is passively stretched).
C0152200
56852002
Complete color blindness, a complete inability to distinguish colors. Affected persons cannot perceive colors, but only shades of gray.
achromatopsia
C0009421
371632003
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem reticular formation.
comatose
C0449432
C0233744
112089001
An inability to comprehend emotion as conveyed by the prosody of speech.
C0234471
89410007
A type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, despite retained comprehension. This condition is associated with dominant hemisphere lesions involving the arcuate fasciculus (a white matter projection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas) and adjacent structures. Like patients with Wernicke aphasia (APHASIA, WERNICKE), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but commit paraphasic errors during attempts at written and oral forms of communication.
C0233800
17842005
Giving untruthful answers to questions about situations or events that are not recalled due to loss of memory. Confabulation is not a conscious attempt to deceive.
C0009676
286933003
A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation
confusional_state; dazed; muddled; clouded_consciousness
C0235095
267628004
An absolute or relative decrease in retinal sensitivity extending from edge (periphery) of the visual field in a concentric pattern. The visual field is the area that is perceived simultaneously by a fixating eye. Narrowed or reduced visual field.
reduced_visual_field; narrowed_visual_field
C2243023
76251002
Constructional apraxia is characterized by an inability or difficulty to build, assemble, or draw objects. Apraxia is a neurological disorder in which people are unable to perform tasks or movements even though they understand the task, are willing to complete it, and have the physical ability to perform the movements. Constructional apraxia may be caused by lesions in the parietal lobe following stroke or it may serve as an indicator for Alzheimer's disease.
C2939429
373590007
C0009946
20734000
hysteria
C0575091
298314008
Coordination is the ability to perform complex movements precisely and accurately.
C0278211
78710008
The corneal reflex is elicited by touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton or tissue. The afferent loop is ove V1 of the trigeminal nerve and the efferent loop is over the facial nerve.
C0155320
68574006
A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.
C0152180
84759007
Acessory_nerve_disorder
C0234338
106162004
twelfth_cranial_nerve_finding; hypoglossal_nerve_finding
C0751937
68982002
Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste.
olfactory_nerve_disorder; first_cranial_nerve_finding; cranial_nerve_I_finding
C0042790
128127008
visual_system_disorder
C0234274
106155008
trigeminal_nerve_finding
C0234289
106157000
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
facial_nerve_finding
C0001163
77949003
Pathological processes of the vestibulocochlear nerve, including the branches of cochlear and vestibular nerve. Common examples are vestibular neuritis, cochlear neuritis, and acoustic neuroma. Clinical signs are varying degree of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus.
acoustico-vestibular_nerve_disorders
C0234324
106160007
vagal_nerve_finding
C1291734
106150003
C1287863
366342008
C0558754
274607002
C0278132
29922007
Superficial reflexes are motor responses to scraping of the skin. They are graded simply as present or absent, although markedly asymmetrical responses should be considered abnormal as well. These reflexes are quite different from the muscle stretch reflexes in that the sensory signal has to not only reach the spinal cord, but also must ascend the cord to reach the brain. The motor limb then has to descend the spinal cord to reach the motor neurons. As can be seen from the description, this is a polysynaptic reflex. This can be abolished by severe lower motor neuron damage or destruction of the sensory pathways from the skin that is stimulated. However, the utility of superficial reflexes is that they are decreased or abolished by conditions that interrupt the pathways between the brain and spinal cord (such as with spinal cord damage).
C0011053
15188001
lack or significant deficiency of the sense of hearing.
C0231474
23073007
decerebration
C0231475
85157005
decortication
C0751473
299878000
decreased_Achilles_reflex; decreased_ankle_jerk
C2938985
C0751475
299831001
C0151572
103254005
An abnormally reduced response to stimulation of the cornea (by touch, foreign body, blowing air). The corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normally results in an involuntary blinking of the eyelids.
C4024874
ipsilatera_absence_of_facial_sweating
C0751476
5799008
C0751478
299872004
decreased_patellar_reflex; decreased_knee_jerk, decreased_quadriceps_reflex
C4313615
163740006
C2016481
C2016530
C2164410
C2016460
C2016512
C2016445
C2016464
C2016451
C2016455
C2016457
C2164411
C2016472
C2016480
C2016491
C2016495
C2016499
C2016503
C2016471
C2164412
C2016508
C2016482
C2016518
C2016564
C2016559
C2164413
C2016570
C2016483
C2016574
C2016516
C2016526
C2678339
C0576586
299837002
decreased_radial-reflex
C2164434
decreased_touch
C2039796
C2039795
C2164435
decreased_touch_on_arm
C2039775
C2039788
C2039791
C2039812
C2164436
decreased_touch_on_hand
C2054039
C2054043
C2054045
C2728289
C2164440
decreased_touch_on_leg_or_foot
C2054064
C2728294
C2039817
C2054068
C2054071
decreased_touch_on_neck
C2054075
C2054076
C2054077
C2039816
C2728299
C2164444
decreased_touch_on_sole_of_foot
C2054112
C2054116
C2054120
C2039818
C2054121
C0700078
405946002
C0751481
299825004
C2189582
C2189587
C2189590
C1295585
130980003
A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to bony prominences such as the malleoli at the ankles or the metacarpal-phalangeal joints. There is a slow decay of vibration from the tuning fork. The degree of vibratory sense loss can be crudely estimated by counting the number of seconds that the examiner can perceive the vibration longer than the patient.
C0011253
2073000
A false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one's associates.
C0497327
52448006
A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
C1274803
403451002
C0344315
366979004
An emotional state characterized by feelings of sadness, emptiness, and/or tearfulness.
C0426994
249884003
C0562455
284511008
A slowness in initiating movements generally suggests a frontal lobe lesion damaging circuits involved in movement initiation.
C0563385
285501007
C0555095
249911000
C0584995
102938007
C0221165
6481005
Paralysis affecting corresponding parts on both sides of the body.
bilateral_paralysis
C4302036
723157009
paralysis_of_both_arms; unable_to_move_both_arms
C0012569
24982008
Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision.
seeeing_double; double_vision
C0015423
60113004
C1855263
736319003
C0233407
62476001
disoriented
C0278062
39538002
C1546414
C0455741
62766000
C0233409
72440003
Impaired awareness of place
C4062229
C0349245
191714002
hysterical_seizures
C0349742
191713008
hysterical_tremor
C0427065
249942005
Reduced strength of the musculature of the distal extremities
C1847584
An abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities.
Distal sensory loss of proprioception and vibration sense
C0233415
28102002
C0585544
307676006
Downbeat nystagmus is a type of fixation nystagmus with the fast phase beating in a downward direction. It generally increases when looking to the side and down and when lying prone.
C0234529
179005
Dressing apraxia is a syndrome of the right (incorrectly defined as minor) hemisphere, indicating the incapacity of effectuating the acts of dressing correctly (for example passing the head in the sleeve or dressing trousers at the inverse etc…). However this difficulty should not be explained by a primary motor or sensory deficit or by a general attention failure (as it can be observed in patients with dementia, delirium or with a severe frontal syndrome). Interestingly, several cases reports of patients with pure dressing apraxia have been published, without the evidence of the co-presence of other forms of apraxia or other significant deficits in other cognitive spheres.
C0013144
271782001
The sensation of struggling to remain awake.
C0029128
33629003
Optic disc drusen are acellular, calcified deposits within the optic nerve head. Optic disc drusen are congenital and developmental anomalies of the optic nerve head, representing hyaline-containing bodies that, over time, appear as elevated, lumpy irregularities on the anterior portion of the optic nerve.
C0013362
8011004
imperfect speech articulation due to disturbances of muscular control.
C0869474
55640002
acalculia
C1845274
C0522335
103263007
C0234979
coordination_finding
23133003
dysdiadochokokinesia: impaired_rapid_alternating_movements
C0392699
279079003
Abnormal sensations with no apparent physical cause that are painful or unpleasant.
C0013384
9748009
a disease characterized by abnormal involuntary movements of muscles
C0234162
coordination_finding
32566006
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
C0011168
40739000
A disorder characterized by difficulty in swallowing.
C0854737
A peech disorder in which the melody and rhythm of speeech fails to correctly convey the intended emotion of the speaker.
C0013421
15802004
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
C4016919
C0393593
15802004
syndrome dominated by involuntary, sustained or spasmodic, patterned, and repetitive muscle contractions; frequently causing twisting, flexing or extending, and squeezing movements or abnormal postures.
C0426961
249847000
C0013528
64712007
The tendency to repeat vocalizations made by another person.
echo_speech
C0085584
81308009
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.
C0271390
29356006
Nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left.
gaze_evoked_nystagmus
C0152192
33970004
C0422918
246589002
C0917814
229665008
C0576640
299891004
C0576641
299892006
C0015347
C0028850
45030009
pathologic process affecting the voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
C0005745
11934000
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.
C1836003
bilateral_facial_weakness
C1395979
C0270871
1070000
Facial myokymia is a fine fibrillary activity of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
C0239511
309557009
Loss of sensation to temperature, pin prick, or touch on the face.
C0015469
280816001
Complete loss of ability to move facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve).
C0427055
95666008
Reduced strength of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
facial_weakness; facial_droop
C0239517
95665007
C2237377
C2237381
C2237384
C0338467
230335009
C0427057
249933003
Facial weakness due to a lesion of the facial nerve or the facial nerve nucleus. In general, both upper and lower face are equally affected.
C0427058
249934009
Facial weakness due to lesion above the facial nerve nucleus. Supranuclear lesions generally cause facial weakness that is worse in the lower face than the upper face due to bilateral supranculear control of the upper face.
C0085639
161898004
A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury
C0015644
82470000
Fasciculations are observed as small, local, involuntary muscle contractions (twitching) visible under the skin. Fasciculations result from increased irritability of an axon (which in turn is often a manifestation of disease of a motor neuron). This leads to sporadic discharges of all the muscle fibers controlled by the axon in isolation from other motor units.
muscle_fasciculation
C0239548
249878001
C0015672
C0231694
gait_finding
397776000
festination
C0234373
42800007
C0427186
coordination_finding
250063007
C0234509
3449007
An inability or difficulty differentiating among the fingers of either hand as well as the hands of others
C1847354
C0239601
C0522340
103271006
C0454597
229685007
lower_motor_neuron_type_dysarthria; bulbar_type_dysarthria
C2875327
C0026825
397488002
Lack of normal muscle tone.
flaccidity; flaccid_tone; flaccid_muscle_tone
C0452143
192966000
C0233471
932006
C0233657
28810003
Rapid succession of thoughts pertaining to different subjects that are still connected.
C0085684
6077001
Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.
C0427149
27253007
An abnormal gait pattern that arises from weakness of the pretibial and peroneal muscles due to a lower motor neuron lesion. Affected patients have footdrop and are unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot. The leg is lifted high on walking so that the toes clear the ground, and there may be a slapping noise when the foot strikes the ground again.
C0542476
55533009
An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.
C0860515
gait_finding
443544006
Freezing of gait is defined as a brief, episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk
C0234784
5258001
C1510417
30767006
Impaired ambulation not attributed to sensory impairment or motor weakness. The impairment is thought to be due to disorganization of high level motor programs for walking.
C0575079
298302000
C0553544
C1112261
C0231519
24033006
paratonia
C0474366
162299003
C0746674
Generalized weakness or decreased strength of the muscles, affecting both distal and proximal musculature.
C1142017
299802000
C0234469
23011003
total_aphasia
C0751941
80962007
Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear.
C0277840
63755003
glove_anesthesia
C0576697
299945006
C2367679
C0018524
7011001
subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real; may be of organic origin, drug induced, or associated with a mental disorder.
C0438698
162314006
C0018681
25064002
C1384666
103276001
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
C0427189
coordination_finding
250066004
C3698014
697992008
C0018979
77674003
Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes.
C0221169
66637005
Hemiballismus is a rare movement disorder that is caused primarily by damage to various areas in the basal ganglia. Hemiballismus is usually characterized by involuntary flinging motions of the extremities. The movements are often violent and have wide amplitudes of motion. They are continuous and random and can involve proximal and/or distal muscles on one side of the body, while some cases even include the facial muscles. The more a patient is active, the more the movements increase. With relaxation comes a decrease in movements.
C3888440
A lack of sweating on one side of the face.
C0278152
13753008
Recurrent clonic contraction of facial muscles, restricted to one side. It may occur as a manifestation of compressive lesions involving the seventh cranial nerve (FACIAL NERVE DISEASES), during recovery from BELL PALSY, or in association with other disorders.
C0018989
20022000
Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.
C0018991
50582007
Paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body.
C0231696
52751000
C2039767
C0234216
14686007
hemianesthesia
C2030490
C2016484
C2039819
C2189605]
C0751418
C0271207
344104004
C0019521
65958008
A contraction of the diaphragm that repeats several times per minute. In humans, the abrupt rush of air into the lungs causes the epiglottis to close, creating a hic sound. Also known as synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF), or singultus, from the Latin singult, the act of catching one's breath while sobbing. The hiccup is an involuntary action involving a reflex arc.
C0241703
51406002
An abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice
C0019825
C0455204
225450009
C0271202
34063005
C0438977
193679001
C0751077
C0339651
232115006
C0271385
81756001
Nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements.
C0020039
79351003
Persistent or frequent angry feelings; anger or irritability in response to minor slights and insults.
C0424295
44548000
Hyperactivity means having increased movement, impulsive actions, and a shorter attention span, and being easily distracted.
C0034880
25289003
Abnormally increased perception of sound.
painful_sensitivity_to_sound; sounds_seem_unnaturally_loud
C2881989
1088941000119107
C0020429
55406008
excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli.
C3887506
44548000
Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.
C3668822
coordination_finding
450881007
Overshooting the target on rapid-alternating-movements.
C0151889
86854008
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
C0026826
41581000
abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone; skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with pyramidal tract lesions or basal ganglia diseases.
muscle_hypertonia
C3553931
C0020575
40608009
A type of strabismus characterized by permanent upward deviation of the visual axis of one eye.
C0086439
255385008
Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency.
C2017999
229688009
extrapyradimal_type_dysarthria
C0241934
281257007
A less severe form of mania characterized by elevated mood, hyperactivity, and grandiosity. In contrast to mania, these symptoms do not cause significant impairment of the individual's productivity at work, or social and family relationships.
C0234165
coordination_finding
69752006
Undershooting the target on rapid alternating movements.
C0423082
C0521007
34527004
Reduced intensity (volume) of speech.
C0151888
22994000
Decreased but not necessarily absent deep tendon reflexes.
C2364082
83156004
Decreased ability to smell.
reduced_sense_of_smell, impaired_sense_of_smell
C0026827
398152000
Diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.
muscle_hypotonia
C0221473
88902008
hysterical_blindness
C0427177
271707009
C1400338
70066000
conversion_mutism
C0237766
88984006
hysterical_paresis
C0234526
66397001
C0234523
229706001
A form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. This condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres.
C0679467
424100000
C2712027
704426000
C0233414
76039005
C0009241
443265004
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.
C4021585
A loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position occuring at distal joints.
C0426995
249885002
C0233823
12200008
lack_of_insight; defective_insight
C0233818
162327005
Judgment refers to the patient's capacity to make sound, reasoned and responsible decisions.
lack_of_judgment; loss_of_judgment
C0233794
386807006
poor_memory; memory_deficit
C4061143
288939007
C0920048
C0561734
283878007
impaired_working_memory; impaired_registration
C0238707
C0919568
C0233468
5240007
Using humor and joking inappropriately, usually in the setting of disinhibition due to frontal lobe injury. See also witzelsucht.
C3481646
22058002
C0424101
22058002
C0700129
284596004
Speech which is non-sensical and difficulty to understand. This term is used and generally and does not have a precise neurological definition to describe rambling non-sensical speech.
C0520966
281016006
C2674843
C0152134
49823009
An abnormality of conjugate lateral gaze in which the affected eye shows impairment of adduction. The pathognomonic clinical sign of internuclear ophthalmoplegia is an impaired adduction while testing horizontal saccades on the side of the lesion in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fascicule.
INO
C0427086
267078001
C0022107
55929007
Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.
C0155305
14357004
schemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
C0233472
88729006
Instability of mood, prone to rapid changes in mood and affect.
C0423154
246849001
lack_of_lacrimation, lack_of_tears, absent_lacrimation
C0426986
249876002
C0277821
75147004
C4543350
C0457436
278287000
C0271204
55634009
C0929730
C2126062
left_exophthalmos
C0751093
A type of dystonia (abnormally increased muscular tone causing fixed abnormal postures) that affects muscles of the limbs.
C1854657
Fasciculations affecting the musculature of the arms and legs.
C2678242
C0522328
419326002
C0234490
23869008
C0023944
38023001
C0427084
249961009
C0278126
89419008
A loss of equilibrium is defined by an inability to stand upright.
disequilibrium
C4544271
736317001
impaired_executive_functions
C0427056
249932008
C2677696
C1836696
C1271100
394679006
C0231218
367391008
A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an out-of-sorts feeling.
C0338831
231494001
A disorder characterized by excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior and elevation of mood.
C0427169
gait_finding
250049001
C0424448
103606006
masked_facies: lack_of_facial_expression; poverty_of_facial_expression
C0025287
70784009
Meningism is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis. Whereas meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes that cover the central nervous system), meningism is caused by nonmeningitic irritation of the meninges, usually associated with acute febrile illness,especially in children and adolescents
C1562941
416578004
C0025362
91138005
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period; multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults; intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded; IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range and scores below 67 are in the retarded range.
C0278061
36456004
C4546352
762663009
Classical teaching has associated all lesions of the rostral midbrain with bilateral light-near dissociation (LND), defined as attenuation of the pupil light reflex (PLR) with relative sparing of the near response.
C0271185
42134006
A visual anomaly in which images appear distorted. A grid of straight lines appears wavy and parts of the grid may appear blank.
C0240341
725122008
Abnormally small sized handwriting defined formally as an impairment of a fine motor skill manifesting mainly as a progressive or stable reduction in amplitude during a writing task.
C1837243
C0423927
192071009
C1857416
C3553819
C0026205
63251006
miosis
constricted_pupil; miosis; abnormal_non-physiological_constriction_of_the_pupil
C0454576
229662006
C0454598
229686008
combined_flaccid_and_spastic_dysarthria
C0270795
79520009
Weakness in a single limb.
C0085622
86022000
Complete loss of movement in one limb.
C0154703
41764006
C0154702
80420005
C0555358
162315007
C0233725
20937004
A disorder characterized by the inability to convey emotion by using the prosody of speech.
C1291728
106145009
motor_nervous_system_finding
C4073148
The inability to continue a motor activity without repeated verbal cues (e.g. "hold your hands outstretched."
C0026650
60342002
Neurological conditions resulting in abnormal voluntary or involuntary movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, quality and ease of movement.
C0026846
88092000
A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
amyotrophy; muscle_wasting
C2230425
C2230451
719191003
C3280173
C4021581
C0239647
C0239830
Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand.
C3278931
C4014002
C2230377
719188003
C1864716
C4024921
lower_limb_amyotrophy
C1836767
Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh.
C2230450
C1847766
C0240417
271696003
C0242979
80449002
An abnormal, increased fatiguability of the musculature.
fatiguability: muscle_tire_easily
C0236033
249829006
general increase in bulk of a muscle due to an increase in cell volume; it is not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells.
C0026837
16046003
motor impairment whereby the hypertonic state is charcterized by bidirectional increased resistance to passive movement.
C1288242
366725004
Muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state.
C1836296
310611000009107
C0026884
88052002
The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with brain diseases or mental diseases.
C0026961
37125009
Abnormal dilatation of the iris.
dilated_pupil
C0456703
277374006
A localized contraction of a degenerating muscle, occurring at the point of a sharp blow, independent of the nerve supply. Sometimes a small bump occurs on a muscle at the site of a percussion blow. Myoedema may also occur in uremia and myxedema.
myoedema
C0027066
17450006
A rapid, involuntary jerk of a muscle or group of muscles.
A sudden, brief, strong contraction of a muscle or group of muscles that cannot be controlled.
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles; these movements may develop as a symptom of a number of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.
C0684219
27678003
Myokymia consists of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating contractions that spread across the affected striated muscle.
Myokymia is characterized by spontaneous, fine fascicular contractions of muscle without muscular atrophy or weakness. Eyelid myokymia results from fascicular contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Eyelid myokymia is typically unilateral, with the most common involvement being one of the lower eyelids. When multiple eyelids are involved, the fascicular contractions of each eyelid are independent of each other.
In most cases, eyelid myokymia is benign, self-limited, and not associated with any disease. Intervention is usually unnecessary. Rarely, eyelid myokymia may occur as a precursor of hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, spastic-paretic facial contracture, and multiple sclerosis.
C0547001
gait_finding
250020009
Myopathic gait exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movements with an exaggerated elevation of the hip
C0027125
3434004
Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia occurs in some myopathies such as myotonia congenita, paramyotonia, certain channelopathies, and some forms of musuclar paralysis related to potassium metabolism.
C0575155
298378000
C0151315
161882006
A sensation of tightness in the neck when attempting to move it, especially after a period of inactivity. Neck stiffness often involves soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side
C0422887
246564008
hemi-inattention; sensory_inattention
C0233647
54501006
C0235031
308921004
A term that refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from pathologic processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous system.
C1320474
405947006
Nuchal rigidity is the inability to flex the neck forward due to rigidity of the neck muscles; if flexion of the neck is painful but full range of motion is present, nuchal rigidity is absent.
C0028738
563001
involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
C4013199
C0424002
247651008
C4693319
193662007
Oculomotor apraxia (OMA), is the absence or defect of controlled, voluntary, and purposeful eye movement. It was first described in 1952 by the American ophthalmologist David Glendenning Cogan. People with this condition have difficulty moving their eyes horizontally and moving them quickly. The main difficulty is in saccade initiation, but there is also impaired cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Patients have to turn their head in order to compensate for the lack of eye movement initiation in order to follow an object or see objects in their peripheral vision, but they often exceed their target. There is controversy regarding whether OMA should be considered an apraxia, since apraxia is the inability to perform a learned or skilled motor action to command, and saccade initiation is neither a learned nor a skilled action.
oculomotor_apraxia
C0234651
46794001
Ocular bobbing is a distinctive eye movement disorder seen in patients with pontine dysfunction. The typical phenomenon consists of abrupt, spontaneous downward jerks of the eyes with a slow return to the midposition in association with paralysis of spontaneous and reflex horizontal eye movements.
C0234650
33466002
When these back to back saccades occur purely horizontally, they are known as “ocular flutter” and can be a stage of resolving opsoclonus.
C0679441
362967002
C0233765
39672001
Perception of a smell in the absence of a corresponding stimulus.
C0242567
194177006
Opsoclonus, also referred to as “saccadomania” or “dancing eyes”, is characterised by intermittent bursts of large amplitude high velocity multidirectional back to back saccades, and has also been reported in patients with viral encephalitis and metabolic encephalopathy, as well as in those with occult neuroblastoma and drug toxicity.
C4703584
Difficulty reaching to visually guided goals in peripheral vision, with the deficit leaves voluntary eye movements largely unaffected.
C0029124
76976005
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.
C0423451
247201009
C1608971
C0029134
66760008
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).
C1287641
366109004
C0454608
361274000
C0454606
229694001
C2242577
A kind of focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech.
C2370893
C0392185
The involuntary repetition of syllables or words while speaking. It is a form of verbal perseverative behavior.
verbal_repetition
C0233652
25462005
visual_perseveration
C0554970
302200001
A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disk (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression.
C0576496
299747007
The palmo-mental reflex (palm-chin reflex) is the contraction of the mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles causing wrinkling of the skin of the chin with slight retraction of the angle of the mouth as caused by stroking the skin of the ipsilateral palm.
C4539245
C0030353
423341008
swelling of the optic disk, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins.
optic_papillitis; optic_disc_edema; optic_disc_swelling; choked_disc
C0544679
193671003
C0271197
64418005
C0221166
1845001
Weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs.
C0234488
53096005
C0030486
60389000
Complete or partial loss of movement in the lower part of the body, including both legs
C0427159
gait_finding
250035005
C0030552
41786007
A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for paralysis (severe or complete loss of motor function).
C0030554
91019004
Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause.
C0427160
gait_finding
250036006
extra_pyramidal_gait
C0271370
194118007
C0234164
coordination_finding
49768006
C0520823
54360005
C0271388
35743001
Rhythmic, involuntary sinusoidal oscillations of one or both eyes. The waveform of pendular nystagmus may occur in any direction.
C1389118
C0233651
44515000
Persistent repetition of a response to different and perhaps inappropriate stimuli which may be due to a refusal or an inability to interrupt one's behavior or to change from one task to another.
C0437428
163852006
C1282373
314783008
C0234964
249985001
Poor balance is an inability to stand upright.
bad_balance; impaired_balance
C1445953
412786000
C0701810
247588002
C0701811
247592009
C1865820
C1287652
366121000
C1504476
428334004
C0015300
18265008
An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.
exophthalmos
C0234512
18358003
The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. This visual agnosia is most often associated with lesions involving the junctional regions between the temporal and occipital lobes. The majority of cases are associated with bilateral lesions, however unilateral damage to the right occipito-temporal cortex has also been associated with this condition
face_agnosia; face_blindness
C0221629
249939004
A lack of strength of the proximal muscles
C0033790
7379000
Bilateral impairment of the function of the cranial nerves 9-12, which control musculature involved in eating, swallowing, and speech. Pseudobulbar paralysis is characterized clinically by dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with bifacial paralysis, and may be accompanied by Pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms such as enforced crying and laughing.
C0155300
57138009
C0271312
58200004
C0233757
C2143081
335151000119107
C0423296
247010007
C0427069
249946008
C0544680
82180009
C1268591
129626006
C0270790
91327001
Weakness of all four limbs.
C0034372
11538006
Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from bain diseases; spinal cord diseases; peripheral nerve diseases; neuromuscular diseases; or rarely muscular diseases. The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia in combination with cranial muscle paralysis. Consciousness is spared and the only retained voluntary motor activity may be limited eye movements. This condition is usually caused by a lesion in the upper brainstem which injures the descending cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar tracts.
tetraplegia
C0234163
coordination_finding
28581003
excessive_rebound
C0454578
229664007
C4313370
C0234632
13164000
Diminished clarity of vision
C0596002
106146005
Examination of the reflexes includes deep tendon reflexes (muscle stretch reflexes), cranial nerve reflexes, primitive reflexes, cutaneous reflexes, and the plantar response.
C0234379
25082004
A resting tremor occurs when muscles are at rest and becomes less noticeable or disappears when the affected muscles are moved. Resting tremors are often slow and coarse
C3887611
162221009
An inability to rest, relax, or be still.
restlessness
C4024761
C0035302
232035005
An occlusion of the retinal artery.
C0035317
28998008
Hemorrhage occurring within the retina.
C0520731
9074007
C0277845
35136003
Retropulsion is a form of balance instability in which patients fall backwards. It commonly observed in patients with balance difficulties due to Parkinson's disease.
C0585559
307691008
Reverse ocular bobbing is an abnormal spontaneous eye movement in which the eyes move rapidly and conjugately upwards (fast phase), followed by a slow drift (slow phase) back to the primary position (that is, the reverse of ocular bobbing—fast conjugate downwards deviation, with a slow return up to the midline). This eye movement disorder may be seen in patients with viral encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathy, and in those with pontine lesions.
C0422885
1943009
left-right_confusion; left-right_disorientation
C0439765
255531009
C0271203
5591009
C2126061
right_exophthalmos
C0229186
C0576499
299750005
A rooting (searching) reflex is when the lips and mouth deviate toward a tactile stimulus delivered to the cheek or near the mouth.
C0240595
95783006
A form of nystagmus in which the eyeball makes rotary motions around the axis.
C0234649
79161002
ocular_dysmetria
C0240952
C0278184
77420001
Scanning speech is a type of ataxic dysarthria in which spoken words are broken up into separate syllables, often separated by a noticeable pause, and spoken with varying force.
C0036454
23388006
Localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision.
C2881395
C2881396
C0344243
95782001
Seesaw nystagmus is a type of pendular nystagmus where a half cycle consists of the elevation and intorsion of one eye, concurrently with the depression and extortion of the fellow eye. In the other half cycle, there is an inversion of the ocular movements.
C0236818
71959007
A voluntary form of mutism, often associated with psychiatric illness.
elective_mutism
C0234482
331652006
C0149840
112109002
C0240991
coordination_finding
445458007
Proprioceptive deficits may produce truncal or appendicular ataxia that resembles cerebellar ataxia. The Romberg test may disclose that the truncal ataxia is due to proprioceptive as opposed to cerebellar dysfunction if the patient begins to sway with feet together when the eyes are closed.
C1291731
106147001
C1262068
C2016535
C2016544
C2016539
C2016549
C2016548
C2016536
C2016542
C2054088
C2054098
C2054092
C2054104
C2054101
C2054091
C2054095
C2189597
C2189598
C2189601
C2189604
C2016489
C2016490
C0025265
C0231688
gait_finding
43005009
C0563620
285755009
C0848209
398760006
C0541794
A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
C0271381
40631009
C1851908
C1828214
423389004
C0728710
301939004
C0155382
194176002
C0576502
299753007
The snout reflex is puckering and protrusion of the lips upon pressing firmly on the philtrum of the upper lip or tapping on the on the lips. It is a primitive release reflex generally indicative of frontal lobe injury.
C2830004
271782001
Excessive sleepiness and drowsiness
C0023882
281411007
Spasticity (neuromuscular hypertonia) primarily in the muscles of the legs, hips, and pelvis.
Littles_disease
C0454596
229684006
A type of dysarthria related to bilateral damage of the upper motor neuron tracts of the pyramidal and extra- pyramidal tracts. Speech of affected individuals is slow, effortful, and has a harsh vocal quality.
C0231687
gait_finding
9447003
C0026838
221360009
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
C0422893
112077003
C0566622
106132005
C0437345
163754003
C0277852
66085007
C4476759
87068006
A habitual positioning of the body with the head and upper back bent forward
C0038379
22066006
Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other.
squint; heterotropia
C0575461
298687002
With patient lying comfortably on his or her back, the examiner gently life the extended leg off the examination table. The patient reports when they experience low back pain or pain radiating down the leg
positive_straight_leg_raising_test; Laseque_sign
C0241261
C0085628
89458003
A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from coma in that the person can be aroused by vigorous and repeated stimulation. The person is still conscious and can make voluntary movements. Stupor is more severe than drowsiness and stuporous patients may not achieve full consciousness even with vigorous stimulation.
obtundation; stuporous; obtunded
C0038506
39423001
Disorder in which speech is involuntarily interrupted by hesitations, repetitions, and spasms of the muscles involved in breathing or vocalization.
dysfluency
C0234483
5934007
C0576505
299756004
The sucking reflex is elicited by lightly touching the lips causing sucking movements of the lips and tongue. It is normal in infants but abnormal in adults.
C0438696
267073005
C0576509
299760001
C0234505
25094008
Inability to recognize the form of objects by touch without visual input. That is, an impairment in the recognition of objects based only on based on the texture, size, weight and three-dimensional form of the object in the absence of any major somatosensory deficit.
astereognosis
C2039768
extinction
C0231779
C1142034
gait_finding
401211005
Reduced ability to walk in a straight line while placing the feet heal to toe
C0558067
74396008
C0686347
102449007
iatrogenic extrapyramidal disorder produced by long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs; characterized by oral/lingual/buccal dyskinesias and choreoathetoid movements of the extremities.
tardive_dystonia
C2183888
Transient and reversible weakness in one limb.
transient_limb_weakness
C2881282
C2881281
C1286920
365252004
C0562573
284614009
C0040188
568005
Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition.
C0040264
60862001
symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, roaring or other noises in the ear.
C2116482
4841000119106
C0231690
78691002
Nodding movement of the head or body.
C0241423
50805004
C0040416
24225004
Either no or sluggish response to light (both direct and consensual responses. Thought to be caused from denervation in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve. Associated with Holmes-Adie syndrome described with Adie's pupil and absent deep tendon reflexes. Overall, this is a benign process (including Holmes-Adie syndrome)
Adie_pupil
C0271189
83824009
C0040485
270476009
Involuntary contractions of the neck musculature resulting in an abnormal posture of or abnormal movements of the head.
wry_neck
C0028866
388980004
Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression.
C0679447
130990006
C0454562
229655002
C0454568
229658000
C0040822
26079004
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Tremors are classified by their etiology (familial, parkinsonian, etc.), their location (head, limb, etc.), frequency (slow or fast), or eleciting factor (rest, action, etc.),
C0427190
coordination_finding
250067008
Truncal ataxia is manifested by swaying while standing or walking. Its origins may reflect dysfunction of cerebellar or proprioceptive systems.
C4228843
C0241498
C0278249
286375007
mute; no_speech
C0041657
Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
C0424350
248042003
not willing to do what someone wants or asks for; not cooperative
C0150088
32422007
Impairment in sensory and motor response, mental representation, and spatial attention of the body, and the corresponding environment, characterized by inattention to one side and overattention to the opposite side. Left-side neglect is more severe and persistent than right-side neglect.
hemineglect
C0233429
46017004
deficient in order or neatness
C0237284
422768004
non_responsive
C1262130
C1504376
C0241526
C0231686
gait_finding
22631008
A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.
C0427117
249990003
Unsteady when standing is characterized by swaying or falling of the patient when standing upright.
C0575058
298281008
C1843267
C1843175
C1273957
394680009
C0270882
45655002
50219008
Hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky.
C0234491
4381006
C0751079
C0339652
246773002
A supranuclear gaze palsy is an inability to look in a vertical direction as a result of cerebral impairment. There is a loss of the voluntary aspect of eye movements, but, as the brainstem is still intact, all the reflex conjugate eye movements are normal.
C0271386
111533001
Vertical nystagmus may present with either up-beating or down-beating eye movements or both. When present in the straight-ahead position of gaze it is referred to as upbeat nystagmus or downbeat nystagmus.
C0576567
299818006
Dolls_head_reflex_absent; Dolls_head_reflex_abnormal
C0234502
25762009
Difficulty in recognizing objects by visual input in absence of sensorial visual impairment
C3887875
12184005
An absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision
C4476823
C3665347
397540003
C1856977
C0423000
246670009
C1321318
404666000
C0042928
302912005
A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds.
C0234808
55938009
C0231712
gait_finding
271706000
Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling.
C0426494
249382006
C2202983
248590003
C0427059
249935005
C3714552
C4477022
Reduced ability to flex (bend) the fingers. This can manifest as incomplete closure of the hand due to weakness in finger flexion.
C2219734
C4062696
C0426766
249647002
poor_anal_tone
C2228039
Reduced strength of the muscles that lift or otherwise move the foot at the ankle.
C2230515
C2230518
C2230517
C2230516
C0751409
249944006
monoparesis_of_arm
C0741478
C2230475
C1832298
C0744034
C2202998
C0575810
299042006
C0239822
C2031318
C2237231
C2237235
C2237239
C2237244
C1834536
C0240080
249886001
Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.
hemianopsia
C2110749
C0577655
C2202999
C2165879
15633481000119104
C0427068
249945007
monoparesis_of_leg
C0151786
26544005
Reduced strength of muscles that perform specific actions at a joint.
C4062882
C2230238
C1843637
Weakness of the muscles involved in neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid, longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior).
C2202996
15633441000119109
C0426997
C0576333
299575007
C2177090
C2230441
A lack of strength in the triceps muscle, which normally is responsible for extending (straightening) the elbow and mediating certain shoulder movements.
C2127518
C2230402
wrist_drop
C2230398
C0856863
An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.
C0240953
17211005
Abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back
C2825032
A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders.
C0424092
247755007
C1408582
Witzelsucht "joking addiction") is characterized by a tendency to make puns, or tell inappropriate jokes or pointless stories in socially inappropriate situations. It often occurs in disinhibited patients with frontal lobe damage.
C1366485
3387000