<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO 2 Reference: BFO’s treatment of continuants and occurrents – as also its treatment of regions, rests on a dichotomy between space and time, and on the view that there are two perspectives on reality – earlier called the ‘SNAP’ and ‘SPAN’ perspectives, both of which are essential to the non-reductionist representation of reality as we understand it from the best available science [30</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO 2 Reference: For both terms and relational expressions in BFO, we distinguish between primitive and defined. ‘Entity’ is an example of one such primitive term. Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms that are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO 2 Reference: BFO does not claim to be a complete coverage of all entities. It seeks only to provide coverage of those entities studied by empirical science together with those entities which affect or are involved in human activities such as data processing and planning – coverage that is sufficiently broad to provide assistance to those engaged in building domain ontologies for purposes of data annotation [17</obo:IAO_0000116>
<dc:contributor>Janna Hastings</dc:contributor>
<dc:description xml:lang="en">OGI formalized the genomic element by defining an upper class 'genetic interval'.
The definition of 'genetic interval' is "the spatial continuous physical entity which contains ordered genomic sets(DNA, RNA, Allele, Marker,etc.) between and including two points (Nucleic Acid Base Residue) on a chromosome or RNA molecule which must have a liner primary sequence sturcture."
Related paper:
1. Yu Lin, Norihiro Sakamoto (2009) “Genome, Gene, Interval and Ontology” Interdisciplinary Ontology Vol.2 - Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Meeting, Tokyo, Feb. 28th- Mar. 1st, 2009. Page(s):25-34 (http://cdb-riken.academia.edu/LinYu/Papers/142399/Genome_Gene_Interval_and_Ontology)
Yu Lin, Hiroshi Tarui, Peter Simons (2009) “From Ontology for Genetic Interval(OGI) to Sequence Assembly – Ontology apply to next generation sequencing” Proceeding of the Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Science Workshop, Amsterdam, Nov.20th, 2009. (http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-559/Poster2.pdf)
Yu Lin, Peter Simons (2010) “DNA sequence from below: A Nominalist Approach” Interdisciplinary Ontology Vol.3 - Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Meeting, Tokyo, Feb. 28th- Mar. 1st, 2010. (http://philpapers.org/rec/LINDSF)
</dc:description>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This is an early version of BFO version 2 and has not yet been extensively reviewed by the project team members. Please see the project site http://code.google.com/p/bfo/ , the bfo2 owl discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-owl-devel , the bfo2 discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-devel, the tracking google doc http://goo.gl/IlrEE, and the current version of the bfo2 reference http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo2-reference.docx . This ontology is generated from a specification at http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/ontology/owl-group/specification/ and with the code that generates the OWL version in http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/tools/. A very early version of BFO version 2 in CLIF is at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo.clif</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000232 xml:lang="en">Really of interest to developers only</obo:IAO_0000232>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000232 xml:lang="en">Really of interest to developers only</obo:IAO_0000232>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">example of usage</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">inheres in at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000180>inheresInAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Inherence is a subrelation of s-depends_on which holds between a dependent continuant and an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. Since dependent continuants cannot migrate from one independent continuant bearer to another, it follows that if b s-depends_on independent continuant c at some time, then b s-depends_on c at all times at which a exists. Inherence is in this sense redundantly time-indexed.For example, consider the particular instance of openness inhering in my mouth at t as I prepare to take a bite out of a donut, followed by a closedness at t+1 when I bite the donut and start chewing. The openness instance is then shortlived, and to say that it s-depends_on my mouth at all times at which this openness exists, means: at all times during this short life. Every time you make a fist, you make a new (instance of the universal) fist. (Every time your hand has the fist-shaped quality, there is created a new instance of the universal fist-shaped quality.)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000179>inheres-in_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'inheres in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'inheres in@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">bearer of at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'bearer of@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:BFO_0000179>realized-in</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:BFO_0000180>realizedIn</obo:BFO_0000180>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000015"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000017"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000179>realizes</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:BFO_0000180>realizes</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">participates in at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: process</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">concretizes at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000180>concretizesAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000179>concretizes_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000020"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000031"/>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000058"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">specifically depends on at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'specifically depends on@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a shape s-depends_on the shaped object</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">function of at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'function of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'function of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000179>f-of_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (functionOf a b t) (and (Function a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [067-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000180>functionOfAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">quality of at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'quality of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'quality of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>q-of_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">role of at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000180>roleOfAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'role of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'role of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (roleOfAt a b t) (and (Role a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [065-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">located in at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000179>located-in_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000180>locatedInAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'located in@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the Empire State Building located_in New York.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">your arm located_in your body</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000004"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000006"/>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000123"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has function at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000180>hasFunctionAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has function@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has role at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has role@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000180>hasRoleAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has generic dependent at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-g-dep_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: generically dependent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'disposition of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'disposition of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (dispositionOf a b t) (and (Disposition a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [066-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>c-has-part_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has proper continuant part at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has proper continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has disposition@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has material basis at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has material basis@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the material basis of John’s disposition to cough is the viral infection in John’s upper respiratory tract</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the material basis of the disposition to wear unevenly of John’s tires is the worn suspension of his car.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000016"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000040"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has member part at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] BFO2 Reference: object</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000003"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000003"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'proper part of occurrent'] b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-t-part</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: spatial region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] your arm located_in your body</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] the Empire State Building located_in New York.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has specific dependent at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-s-dep_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a shape s-depends_on the shaped object</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">part of occurrent</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has occurrent part'] b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000179>o-part-of</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">proper part of continuant at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'proper part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">proper part of occurrent</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has proper occurrent part'] b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">temporal part of</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000179>t-part-of</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000180>temporalPartOf</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'occupies temporal region'] p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: entity</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: temporal region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">bearer of at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'bearer of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has function at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-f_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has function@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has role at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000180>hasRoleAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-r_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has role@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has disposition at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has disposition@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">concretizes at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'concretizes@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000179>concretizes_at</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:BFO_0000180>concretizesAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has participant at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has participant@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a shape s-depends_on the shaped object</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">located in at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000180>locatedInAt</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:BFO_0000179>located-in_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the Empire State Building located_in New York.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">your arm located_in your body</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000004"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000004"/>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000124"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'member part of@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has proper continuant part at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>c-has-ppart_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">proper part of continuant at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000179>c-ppart-of_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">part of continuant at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>c-part-of_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000002"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000002"/>
<owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000178"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">part of continuant at all times</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has continuant part at some time</rdfs:label>
<obo:BFO_0000179>c-has-part_st</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000002"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&obo;BFO_0000002"/>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has history'] b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'history of'] b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:BFO_0000180>hasHistory</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:BFO_0000179>has-history</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">part of continuant at all times that whole exists</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115>forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<owl:annotatedTarget>This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has continuant part at all times that part exists</rdfs:label>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuant</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116>This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112>[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115>forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">is short relation for author 'participate in' some ('writing book process' and ( 'has specific output of' some book))</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:comment>per discussion with Barry Smith</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000180>Continuant</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:BFO_0000179>continuant</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116>Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:comment>per discussion with Barry Smith</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget>Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the bottom right portion of a human torso</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the interior of your mouth</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:comment>per discussion with Barry Smith</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000180>TemporalRegion</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional</owl:annotatedTarget>
<rdfs:comment>per discussion with Barry Smith</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">an infinitely thin plane in space.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a process of meiosis</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a process of sleeping</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the course of a disease</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the flight of a bird</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the life of an organism</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">your process of aging.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type [89</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocitosis and exocitosis</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:BFO_0000179>realizable</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the disposition of your blood to coagulate</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the function of your reproductive organs</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the role of being a doctor</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the ambient temperature of this portion of air</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the color of a tomato</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the length of the circumference of your waist</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the mass of this piece of gold.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the shape of your nose</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the shape of your nostril</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:BFO_0000179>sdc</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the disposition of this fish to decay</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the function of this heart: to pump blood</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the role of being a doctor</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the shape of this hole.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the smell of this portion of mozzarella</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:comment>per discussion with Barry Smith</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:BFO_0000180>Role</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000180>FiatObjectPart</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:BFO_0000179>fiat-object</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the Western hemisphere of the Earth</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the division of the brain into regions</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the division of the planet into hemispheres</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the upper and lower lobes of the left lung</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000119>ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.</obo:IAO_0000119>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116>An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects </obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a collection of cells in a blood biobank.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the aggregate of blood cells in your body</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the restaurants in Palo Alto</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a cube-shaped region of space</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a sphere-shaped region of space,</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000179>object</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:BFO_0000180>Function</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the function of a hammer to drive in nails</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar</obo:IAO_0000112>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:BFO_0000179>p-boundary</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the temporal region during which a process occurs.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the undetached arm of a human being</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000601 xml:lang="en">Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists</obo:IAO_0000601>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">all lines of latitude and longitude</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the median sulcus of your tongue</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:BFO_0000179>r-quality</obo:BFO_0000179>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000602>(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] </obo:IAO_0000602>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the geographic North Pole</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<rdfs:comment>requested by Melanie Courtot</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget>(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] </owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the moment at which a child is born</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">the moment of death.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:BFO_0000180>History</obo:BFO_0000180>
<obo:BFO_0000179>history</obo:BFO_0000179>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&obo;bfo.owl"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">PERSON: Chris Stoeckert</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">PERSON: Jonathan Rees</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">PERSON: Chris Stoeckert</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000117 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">BP et al</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">a quality of a DNA molecule that inheres in its bearer due to the order of its DNA nucleotide residues.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">placeholder for SO</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000111 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">primary structure of DNA macromolecule</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The primary structure of an RNA molecule that is completely defined by the set of its nucleic residue parts and the linear order induced by the peptide bonds that hold them together</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000111 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">primary structure of RNA molecule</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000116 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">2010-01-31: Philippe Rocca-Serra: This is a placeholder to allow work on 'nucleic acid mapping assay' in collaboration with RNAOntology group. Need to liaise with SO</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000117 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000116 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">2010-01-31: Philippe Rocca-Serra: This is a placeholder to allow work on 'nucleic acid mapping assay' in collaboration with RNAOntology group. Need to liaise with SO</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000112 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">PMID: 15630685: Single molecule studies of RNA secondary structure: AFM of TYMV viral RNA.</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000117 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000111 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">secondary structure of RNA molecule</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genetic characteristics information which is a part of genotype information that identifies the population of organisms</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000111 xml:lang="en">genetic population background information</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">genotype information 'C57BL/6J Hnf1a+/-' in this case, C57BL/6J is the genetic population background information</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">proposed and discussed on San Diego OBI workshop, March 2011</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genotype information about an organism and includes information that there are no known modifications to the genetic background. Generally it is the genotype information of a representative individual from a class of organisms.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">proposed and discussed on San Diego OBI workshop, March 2011</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000111 xml:lang="en">wild type organism genotype information</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">Genotype information can be: Mus musculus wild type (in this case the genetic population background information is Mus musculus), C57BL/6J Hnf1a+/- (in this case, C57BL/6J is the genetic population background information and Hnf1a+/- is the allele information</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genetic characteristics information that is about the genetic material of an organism and minimally includes information about the genetic background and can in addition contain information about specific alleles, genetic modifications, etc.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">discussed on San Diego OBI workshop, March 2011</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genetic alteration information that about one of two or more alternative forms of a gene or marker sequence and differing from other alleles at one or more mutational sites based on sequence. Polymorphisms are included in this definition.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genetic characteristics information that is about known changes or the lack thereof from the genetic background, including allele information, duplication, insertion, deletion, etc.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000117 xml:lang="en">Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng</obo:IAO_0000117>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">an allele information that is about the allele found most frequently in natural populations, or in standard laboratory stocks for a given organism.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000116 xml:lang="en">discussed on San Diego OBI workshop, March 2011</obo:IAO_0000116>
<obo:IAO_0000111 xml:lang="en">wild type allele information</obo:IAO_0000111>
<obo:IAO_0000115>the spatial continuous physical entity which contains ordered biological sets (DNA segments, Genetic Markers, Nucleic Acid Base Residues, RNA segments, Protein segments) between two boundaries: start boundary and end boundary on a chromosome, RNA or protein.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">It is genomic, so that protein is not the child of this class. it is continuous, so that neither genome(colletive of chormosomes), nor genotype diploid(collective alleles comes from different chromosomes), nor gene family(collective of genes of same homolog located to different chromosomes) are genomic interval. Whereas gene cluster which are juxtapositioned genes can be subclass of genomic interval. By length, the longest Genomic Interval is the interval with same start point and end point with chromosome, and smallest is when one start point and end point are equal( one residue of DNA or RNA). Interval holds property interval relation.</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000119 xml:lang="en">Yu Lin, Norihiro Sakamoto (2009) “Genome, Gene, Interval and Ontology” Interdisciplinary Ontology Vol.2 - Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Meeting, Tokyo, Feb. 28th- Mar. 1st, 2009. Page(s):25-34 (http://cdb-riken.academia.edu/LinYu/Papers/142399/Genome_Gene_Interval_and_Ontology)</obo:IAO_0000119>
<obo:IAO_0000118 xml:lang="en">genetic material interval</obo:IAO_0000118>
<obo:IAO_0000118 xml:lang="en">genomic material interval</obo:IAO_0000118>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">the spatial continuous physical entity which contains ordered genomic sets(DNA, RNA, Allele, Marker,etc.) between and including two points(Nucleic_Acid_Base_Residue) on a chromosome or RNA molecule which must have a liner primary sequence sturcture. </obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">in RNA virus, there will be RNA interval codes for protein.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000119 xml:lang="en">Miko, I. & LeJeune, L., eds. Essentials of Genetics. Cambridge, MA: NPG Education, 2009</obo:IAO_0000119>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a genetic interval that correspond to one or more DNA sequences that carry the coding information required to produce a specific protein, and that protein in turn carries out a particular function within te cell.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">The textual sequence refects the order of the nucleotide residue within a gene or a choromsome or any genetic interval. The chromosome includes not only the nucelotide residues interwined into DNA helix but also proteins such as Histone, so we make a distinction that the textual sequence of genetic interval only reflects the primary structure of a genetic interval.</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000112 xml:lang="en">a sepcific gene sequence stored in a EntrezGene database</obo:IAO_0000112>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">the textual sequencial sets of 'A,T,C,G' or 'A,U,C,G' represent the primary structure of a genetic interval.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">Genetic variationis a variation in alleles of genes, occurs both within and among populations. </obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">The genetic variation is the differences of the genetic intervals, such as DNA gene or RNA gene, that occupies the same location along the chromosome within or among a population. The genetic variation is counted at the population level, at the individual level, only the maxim two different forms of the sequencial sets of nucleotide exists, which is called allele. We assert it as quality because it must be beared by an independent entity, such as a genetic interval. </obo:IAO_0000600>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">needs to align with SO: seuqeunce variant (SO_0001060)</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">any unique piece of DNA for which a specific PCR assay has been designed, so that any DNA sample can be easily tested for its presence or absense.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation (which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">genetic marker sounds as a role</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">a fragment of DNA of variable length (usually 100-1000 bases long), which is used to detect in DNA or RNA samples the presence of nucleotide sequences (the DNA target) that are complementary to the sequence in the probe.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">"A map represents order and distance among markers along a chromosome."(GDB description of its object Map)
we can think genetic map as a marker sequence modeling same with DNA seuqence.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A map based on the co-occurrence of markers in a panel of radiation hybrid cell lines, resulting in an ordering of markers along a chromosome backbone.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A map based upon frequency of recombination between genomic segments, resulting in the ordering of markers along a chromosome backbone, usually measured in centiMorgans (cM).</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">An ordered set of genomic DNA clones demarcated with restriction endonuclease recognition or sequence tagged sites. The distance between sites is mesured in base pair.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">High resolution physical maps indicating nucleotide-level features of the genome such as exons, introns, regulatory regions, etc.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">A chromosome anomaly, abnormality or aberration reflects an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes. </obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">In genetics, a mutation is a change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal genetic element. </obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Looser usages among molecular genetics include (1) any sequence variant present at a frequency >1% in a population (2) any non-pathogenic sequence variant, regardless of frequency.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 xml:lang="en">strictly, the existense of two or more variants(alleles, phenotypes, sequence variants, chromosomal structural variants) at significant frequencies in the population.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">biomolecule boundary is the surface of a biomolecule ,which is a lower dimensional part of a molecule. biomolecule bounday can separate a biological molecule from the rest of the existing entities in the world.(for example, DNA molecule is separate from rest part in the cell nucleus by DNA molecule boundary)</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">different with DNA segment, which is part of DNA molecule, and is surrounding by other DNA segment.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">The starts and ends of biological interval, which associate to a location on a genetic or physical map.</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">This term is asserted as Quality in OBI, and OBI uses OBI's preferrable label: ' primary structure of sequence macromolecule'. In REO, this term is asserted as a 'generically dependent continuant'. </rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">This term is mapped to MGED. Do not obsolete without consulting MGED ontology. A gene may be considered as a unit of inheritance.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">CpG islands are commonly defined as regions of DNA of at least 200 bp in length and that have a G+C content above 50% and a ratio of observed vs. expected CpGs close to or above 0.6. ( Ref. Gardiner-Garden and Fromer (1987) ). Sets of CG repeat elements, usually found upstream of transcribed regions of the genome.</rdfs:comment>
<dc:description xml:lang="en">An enhancer is a short region of DNA that can be bound with proteins (namely, the trans-acting factors, much like a set of transcription factors) to enhance transcription levels of genes (hence the name) in a gene cluster. While enhancers are usually cis-acting, an enhancer does not need to be particularly close to the genes it acts on, and sometimes need not be located on the same chromosome. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhancer_(genetics))</dc:description>
<obo:IAO_0000115>a set of short sequence elements which stimulate transcription of a gene and whose function is not critically dependent on their precise position or orientation.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<dc:description xml:lang="en">In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the genes they transcribe, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 3' region of the anti-sense strand, also called template strand and non-coding strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics))</dc:description>
<obo:IAO_0000115>a combination of short sequence elements, normally just upstream of a gene, to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription of the gene.</obo:IAO_0000115>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.(wikipedia)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">short(22nt) RNA molecules encoded within normal genomes that have a role in regulation of gene expression and maybe also of chromatin structure. Sometimes called small temporal RNA(stRNA).</rdfs:comment>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
<obo:IAO_0000600 xml:lang="en">To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])</obo:IAO_0000600>
</rdf:Description>
<owl:Axiom>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>
<owl:annotatedTarget xml:lang="en">To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])</owl:annotatedTarget>