Jean-François Ethier
An ontology of drug prescriptions
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ryeyan Taseen
Adrien Barton
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
example of usage
example of usage
has curation status
OBI_0000281
has curation status
has curation status
definition
definition
textual definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition
definition
textual definition
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>
editor note
editor note
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
alternative term
alternative term
definition source
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
definition source
has obsolescence reason
Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
has obsolescence reason
has obsolescence reason
elucidation
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
elucidation
elucidation
label
label
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part of
part_of
is part of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
bearer of
bearer_of
is bearer of
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
realizes
has measurement unit label
A relation between a value specification and its unit of measurement.
has measurement unit label
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
An information artifact IA mentions an entity E exactly when it has a component/part that denotes E
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. P4 RC1 munges our GCI so remove it for now: mentions some entity equivalentTo has_part some ('generically denotes' some entity)
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Add this relation following conversation with Jonathan Rees that N&S GCI for is_about was too strong. Really it was simply sufficient. To effect this change we introduce this relation, which is subproperty of is_about, and have previous GCI use this relation "mentions" in it's (logical) definition
mentions
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive.
g denotes r =def
r is a portion of reality
there is some c that is a concretization of g
every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive.
g denotes r =def
r is a portion of reality
there is some c that is a concretization of g
every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
specifies value of
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
specifies value of
has value specification
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
OBI
has value specification
a is owned by b if b has complete power over a. All rights and obligations of ownership are grounded in this (primitive) relation. The claims and obligations of ownership can be partially transferred to a third party by the owner, b.
Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204.
is owned by
is administered by
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
'inheres in at all times'
inheres_in
inheres in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer of
bearer_of
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
is bearer of
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
has participant
has_participant
concretizes
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of
inheres in part of
has_proper_part
a valeur minimale de gamme
has minimum range value
a valeur maximale de gamme
has maximum range value
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
continuant
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
occurrent
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
temporal region
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
process
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocitosis and exocitosis
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type [89
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
disposition
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
realizable entity
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
quality
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
specifically dependent continuant
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
role
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
function
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
material entity
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
zero-dimensional temporal region
the role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study disease and/or its effects
clinical drug role
a material entity (1) containing at least one scattered molecular aggregate as part that is the bearer of an active ingredient role and (2) that is itself the bearer of a clinical drug role
drug product
active ingredient role
a role of a scattered molecular aggregate that is part of a drug product that is realized by (1) administration of the drug to an organism followed by (2) some change in the structure or functioning of some part of the organism
active ingredient
excipient role
a role of a scattered molecular aggregate in aiding the manufacture, prolonging the shelf life, or ensuring proper administration of a drug product
excipient
role of a scattered molecular aggregate
a role borne by a scattered molecular aggregate and realized by its grains participating in one or more processes
role of scattered molecular aggregate
administration of a drug product to an organism
a treatment that has as participants an extended organism and a drug product and that results in part of the drug product being located in the extended organism
a treatment that has as participants an extended organism and a drug product and that results in part of the drug product being located in the extended organism.
We suggest that drug administration be removed as a subclass of treatment or that it be renamed drug treatment.
1. Not all administrations of a drug product to an organism are an instance of treatment. They could be for example, for prophylaxis, for diagnosis, etc.
2. Not all instances of drug administrations in a treatment satisfy the definition of treatment, where it would need to result in an alleviation of signs/symptoms. (e.g. first dose administration of an antibiotic).
administration de médicament
drug administration
measurement unit label
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A data item label that denotes a unit of measure.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was
proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and
Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for
which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition
of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
measurement unit label
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
OBI_0000217
objective specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
data item label
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
An information content entity that is part of some data item and is used to partially define the denotation of that data item.
http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n
datum label
data item label
datum label
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
data
data item
symbol
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
based on Oxford English Dictionary
symbol
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907).
Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
OBI_0000142
information content entity
information content entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
directive information content entity
directive information entity
data set
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
OBI_0000042
group:OBI
data set
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
plan specification
textual entity
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
text
textual entity
author identification
L. Hunter
A textual entity intended to identify a particular author
author identification
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
document
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry.
CRID symbol
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier symbol
Entries in a Column of which the header is "Pubmed ID"
PMID:12345
The following URL: "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19918065"
The following sentence contains a CRID: "The article with Pubmed ID: 19918065".
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs.
An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about which CRID registry it belongs.
2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records').
Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation.
Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation.
Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered.
CRID
Centrally Registered IDentifier
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
CRID
centrally registered identifier
PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.
A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process.
CRID registry
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier registry
written name
"Bill Clinton"
"The Eiffel Tower"
"United States of America"
A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality.
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/114
written name
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
human
human being
man
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
planned process
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some
objectives is a planned process.
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some
objectives is a planned process.
branch derived
planned process
planned process
patient role
a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778
a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider
patient
OBI, CDISC
patient role
organization
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
An organization is a continuant entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based:
1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch
editor), with individual persons as bearers
2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder)
3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles
there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the
charter/rules/bylaws themselves.
It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent
continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the
bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define
organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to
all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI.
Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place
organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation,
Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO,
W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles.
This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 -
3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its
current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to
'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue
for now.
GROUP: OBI
organization
scattered molecular aggregate
the sodium and chloride ions in a glass of salt water
A scattered molecular aggregate is a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
Collective
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
scattered molecular aggregate
dose specification
a protocol specifying to administer 1 ml of vaccine to a mouse
a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target
dose specification
dose specification
spécification de dose
mass value specification
A value specification that specifies the mass of some thing.
mass value specification
categorical value specification
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
categorical value specification
1
scalar value specification
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
scalar value specification
value specification
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
value specification
volume value specification
A value specification that specifies the volume of some thing.
A value specification that specifies the volume of some thing.
Une spécification de valeur qui indique un volume.
OBI
spécification de valeur de volume
volume value specification
organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009:
OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus.
This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
organism
A quality of a patient that is observed by the patient or a processual entity experienced by the patient, either of which is hypothesized by the patient to be a realization of a disease.
note: defined class
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
symptom
A quality of a patient, a material entity that is part of a patient, or a processual entity that a patient participates in, any one of which is observed in a physical examination and is deemed by the clinician to be of clinical significance.
note: defined class
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
sign
A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region.
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
configuration
treatment
A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder.
A processual entity whose completion is hypothesized (by a healthcare provider) to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with a disorder
http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35
treatment
A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to reduce the risk of developing a disorder or the signs and symptoms of a disorder.
Whether or not 'prophylaxis' and 'treatment' classes are disjoint is an open question.
http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/e42bde79218ee34e
disease prophylaxis
A role in human social processes that is realized by health care processes such as seeking or providing treatment for disease and injury, diagnosing disease and injury, or undergoing diagnosis.
health care role
human health care role
A human health care role inhering in an organization or human being that is realized by a process of providing health care services to an organism.
health care provider role
health care provider organization role
A role inhering in an entity realized by social interactions in human society.
role in human social processes
A role in human social processes that inheres in an organization.
organization social role
An organization social role that is realized by a health care process.
organization health care role
A material entity that is a human made strcuture with firm connection between its foundation and the ground.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauwerk
architectural structure
An architectural structure that bears some function.
facility
health care facility
mass
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
mass
volume
volume
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume
volume
quality of a single physical entity
A physical object quality which inheres in a single-bearer.
quality of a single physical entity
Un énoncé de condition de temps écoulé depuis une distribution de médicaments.
a condition statement describing the time elapsed since a drug dispensing process.
time elapsed since dispensing condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant le temps écoulé depuis une distribution
"For patient: Mr Smith, should exercise for at least 30 minutes, 3 times weekly. signed Dr. Ronnie Shuz. Date: 15/11/01"
A document authored by a health care provider that specifies how to realize some health care process for a particular patient.
Un document créé par un fournisseur de soin indiquant comment réaliser une partie d'un processus de santé pour un patient particulier.
prescription
health care prescription
prescription de santé
An author identification where the author is a particular health care provider and the document authored is a prescription.
Une identification d'auteur où l'auteur est un fournisseur de soins particulier et le document en question est une prescription.
identification de prescripteur
prescriber identification
A written name denoting a particular patient.
Un nom écrit faisant référence à un patient particulier.
identification d'un patient
patient identification
La masse d'un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif.
The mass of an active ingredient aggregate.
active ingredient aggregate mass
masse d'aggrégat d'ingrédient actif
A textual entity that denotes the time of document creation.
Une entité textuelle indiquant l'instant de création d'un document.
the granular time at which the author considers the document whole, ie ready for interpretation
document creation time identification
identification de l'instant de création d'un document
A document creation time identification where the document is a prescription.
Une identification de l'instant de création d'un document qui est une prescription médicale.
health care prescription time identification
identification du temps de création d'une prescription médicale
A directive information entity that is composed by a drug administration specification and a drug dispensing specification.
Une entité informationnelle directive qui est composée par une spécification d’administration de médicament et une spécification de distribution de médicament.
drug administration and dispensing specification
spécification de distribution et d’administration de médicament
A site of drug administration specification that is part of a drug administration specification in a drug prescription.
Une spécification de site d’administration de médicament dans une spécification d'administration de médicament faisant partie d'une prescription de médicament.
prescribed site of drug administration specification
spécification de site d’administration de médicament prescrit
An information content entity that specifies a characteristic of a drug product that is prescribed.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie une caractéristique d’un médicament prescrit.
caractérisation de médicament prescrit
prescribed drug product characteristic specification
A data item that is about a drug product.
Un élément de données qui fournit une information sur un médicament.
drug product information item
élément d'information sur un médicament
John Smith taking 1 mg of Ativan from his dosette every 12 hours, alleviating the anxiety produced by his usual routine at a long-term care facility, as hypothesized by his physician, Dr. Hazard.
A treatment composed of one or more dose administrations.
Un traitement composé d'une ou plusieurs administrations de doses.
drug treatment
traitement médicamenteux
"5 PM on January 1st 2016"
A value specification that specifies a temporal instant.
Une spécification de valeur qui spécifie un instant temporel.
spécification d'instant temporel
temporal instant specification
"IM or IV" in "Administrate IM or IV"
An information content entity that specifies the route(s) of administration of a drug product.
Une entité informationnelle indiquant la ou les voies d'administration d'un médicament.
mode of administration specification
route of administration specification
spécification de voie d'administration
"1 mg" (of lorazepam), "5 mg" (of metoprolol)
A mass value specification that specifies the mass of an active ingredient aggegate.
Une spécification de valeur de masse indiquant la masse d'un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif.
active ingredient mass value specification
spécification de valeur de masse d'ingrédient actif
"80mg" in "Aspirin 80mg oral tablet"
An information content entity that specifies the strength of a prescribed drug product.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie la force d’un médicament prescrit.
drug strength specification
spécification de force médicamenteuse
"Prescription for John Smith : Ativan 2mg tablets, take 1 tablet twice daily by mouth as needed if anxious, dispense 60 tablets, renew 12 times. Signed by Dr Hazard. Date: 15/10/29"
A health care prescription specifying how to realize a drug administration.
Une ordonnance indiquant une administration de médicaments.
drug prescription
prescription de médicaments
A drug product information item that is about one or more magnitudes of biological activity, masses or quantities of active ingredient aggregate per unit quantity of a drug product.
Un élément d'information sur un médicament à propos de une ou plusieurs magnitudes d'activité biologique, masses ou quantités d'aggrégat d'ingrédient actif par unité de médicament.
drug strength item
élément d'information de force médicamenteuse
"1 mg of lorazepam per tablet"
"21 mg of nicotine per patch"
"This tablet contains 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 4 mg of perindopril" is one instance of drug strength per discrete dose form, that has part two active ingredient mass specifications.
A drug strength item where the unit quantity is a discrete solid dose form.
Un élément d'information de force médicamenteuse où l'unité de quantité de médicament est une forme de dose médicamenteuse solide et discrète.
drug strength per discrete dose form item
élément d'information de force médicamenteuse par forme discrète
"500 mg/mL liquid"
A drug strength item where the unit quantity is a unit of volume.
Un élément d'information de force médicamenteuse où l'unité de quantité de médicament est une unité de volume.
drug strength per volume unit item
élément d'information de force médicamenteuse par unité de volume
"60 mg/g powder"
A drug strength item where the unit quantity is the mass of the drug product.
Un élément d'information de force médicamenteuse où l'unité de quantité de médicament est une unité de masse.
drug strength per mass unit item
élément d'information de force médicamenteuse par unité de masse
duration of dose administration specification
"inject over 30 seconds"
"infuse over 12 hours"
An information content entity that specifies the duration during which a dose should be administered continuously.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie la durée pendant laquelle une dose doit être administrée de manière continue.
This class is meant to be used in cases where the quantity of drug product to be delivered during a single dose administration is prescribed in advance and the dose administration process has a clear end in time relative to the beginning of the process (such that if one knows the instant it started, one would know the instant it ended and vice versa). e.g. 500cc of NS over 2 hours x1
duration of administration specification
spécification de durée d'administration de dose
'begin administration at 50cc/h'
An information content entity that specifies the initial rate at which a dose should be administered.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie le taux initial auquel une dose doit être administrée.
initial rate of administration specification
spécification de débit initial d'administration de dose
"lorazepam" in "This tablet of Ativan 1 mg contains lorazepam"
"acetaminophen" in "This tablet of Tylenol 500mg contains acetaminophen"
A drug product information item that is about an active ingredient in a drug product.
Un élément d'information sur un médicament dénotant un de ses ingrédients.
drug active ingredient item
élément d'information d'ingrédient médicamenteux
'Lopresor'
A drug product name given to a non-generic drug product by the pharmaceutical company that produces it.
Un nom de médicament non-générique donné par l'entreprise pharmaceutique qui le produit.
nom propriétaire d'un médicament non-générique
non-generic drug product proprietary name
eg. oral tablet, topical cream, IV liquid, oral liquid
A drug product information item that is about a dose form of a drug product.
Un élément d'information sur un médicament concernant sa forme (par exemple pilule orale, crème topique, liquide intraveineux, liquide oral).
This will need to be divided into an item referring to the 3D configuration of a dose and an item referring to the vehicle that dose is contained in.
dose form item
drug dose form item
élément d'information de forme médicamenteuse
John Smith swallowing a 1mg lorazepam tablet.
The continuous infusion of 450 mg of amiodarone over 12 hours into a vein of Harry Thymia
A process that has as participants an extended organism and a drug product and that results in a specified portion of the drug product (a single dose) being located in the extended organism.
Un processus ayant comme participants un organisme étendu et un médicament, à l'issue de laquelle une certaine dose du médicament est localisée dans l'organisme étendu.
This class should be re-classified under DRON:drug administration if it is made a subclass of process. See PDRO note in drug administration.
administration de dose
dose administration
"if patient is agitated"
A condition statement that is true if and only if some sign is present in an individual.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si un certain signe est présent chez un individu.
presence of sign condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant la présence d'un signe
A time elapsed since previous dose condition statement that is true if and only if the time having elapsed is less than some duration.
Un énoncé de condition sur le temps écoulé depuis une dose antérieure qui est vrai si et seulement si le temps écoulé est plus petit qu’une certaine durée.
less than some time elapsed since previous dose condition statement
énoncé de condition sur le temps maximal écoulé depuis une précédente administration de dose
A textual entity that allows the identification of a drug product.
Une entité textuelle qui fait référence à un type de médicament.
Note that this is a name of a drug product, not the name of an active ingredient contained in a drug product.
drug name
drug product identification
drug product name
nom de médicament
day of the week
jour de la semaine
true
"oral tablet" in "aspirin 80mg oral tablet"
An information content entity that specifies the dose form of a prescribed drug product.
Une entité de contenu informationnelle qui spécifie la forme de dose d’un médicament prescrit.
drug dose form specification
spécification de forme de dose médicamenteuse
An information content entity that specifies an excipient of a prescribed drug product.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie un excipient d’un médicament prescrit.
drug excipient specification
spécification d’excipient de médicament
"aspirin" in "aspirin 80mg oral tablet"
(since 80mg refers to the quantity of aspirin in the drug product, the drug active ingredient specification can also be interpreted as "aspirin 80 mg", i.e., "80 mg of aspirin")
An information content entity that specifies an active ingredient in a prescribed drug product.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie un ingrédient actif d’un médicament prescrit.
drug active ingredient specification
spécification d’ingrédient actif de médicament
Apo-Metoprolol
A drug product name given to a generic drug product by the pharmaceutical company that produces it.
Un nom de médicament générique donné par l'entreprise pharmaceutique qui le produit.
generic drug product proprietary name
nom propriétaire d'un médicament générique
It is before 12 PM on January 1st 2016
A condition statement that is true if and only if the current time is before some instant.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si l’instant présent est antérieur à un instant donné.
current time is before some instant condition statement
énoncé de condition de borne supérieure sur l’instant présent
It is after 12 PM on January 1st 2016
A condition statement that is true if and only if the current time is after some instant.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si l’instant présent est postérieur à un instant donné.
current time is after some instant condition statement
énoncé de condition situant la période actuelle après un instant
It is 12 PM on January 1st 2016
A condition statement which is true if and only if the current time is approximately some instant.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si l’instant présent est approximativement un instant donné.
current time is approximately some instant condition statement
énoncé de condition affirmant que l'instant présent est approximativement un instant donné
A time elapsed since previous dose condition statement that is true if and only if the time having elapsed is greater than some duration.
Un énoncé de condition sur le temps écoulé depuis une dose antérieure qui est vrai si et seulement si le temps écoulé est plus grand qu’une certaine durée.
greater than some time elapsed since previous dose condition statement
énoncé de condition sur le temps minimal écoulé depuis une précédente administration de dose
A time elapsed since previous dose condition statement that is true if and only if the time having elapsed is equal to some duration.
Un énoncé de condition sur le temps écoulé depuis une dose antérieure qui est vrai si et seulement si le temps écoulé est égal à une certaine durée.
exactly some time elapsed since previous dose condition statement
énoncé de condition sur le temps exactement écoulé depuis une précédente administration de dose
prescription drug product specification
"Aspirin 80mg oral tablet"
"Amiodarone 50mg/mL injectable solution"
An information content entity specifying a class of drug product intended to be administered in a drug administration.
IRI was too short. Replaced with PDRO_0000060
drug product specification
drug product specification
true
prescription drug product specification
"Aspirin 80mg oral tablet"
"Amiodarone 50mg/mL injectable solution"
An information content entity specifying a class of drug product intended to be administered.
Une entité de contenu informationelle qui spécifie une classe de médicament prévu pour être administré.
drug product specification
drug product specification
moment de la journée
time of the day
true
mois de l'année
month of the year
true
A category value specification that specifies one day of the week.
Une spécification de valeur catégorique qui spécifie un jour de la semaine.
day of the week category specification
spécification de catégorie de jour de la semaine
A drug product information item that is about one excipient in a drug product.
Un élément d'information sur un médicament dénotant un de ses excipients.
drug excipient item
élément d'information d'excipient médicamenteuse
Un énoncé de condition de temps écoulé depuis la première administration de dose d'une certaine administration de médicament.
a condition statement describing the time elapsed since the first dose administration of some drug administration.
time elapsed since first dose condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant le temps écoulé depuis une première administration de dose
Un énoncé de condition de temps écoulé depuis la dernière administration de dose d'une certaine administration de médicament.
a condition statement describing the time elapsed since the previous dose administration of some drug administration.
time elapsed since previous dose condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant le temps écoulé depuis une précédente administration de dose
A current time condition statement where the current time is described in relation to a temporal instant.
un énoncé de condition sur la période actuelle situant la période actuelle relativement à un instant donné.
present time instant condition statement
énoncé de condition sur l’instant présent
A health care facility whose function is to store, prepare, dispense, and monitor the usage of pharmaceutical drugs among patients in a given area or encountered in a given health care provider organization.
Un établissement de santé qui a pour fonction d'entreposer, préparer, distribuer et surveiller l'utilisation des médicaments parmi les patients d'une zone géographique donnée ou suivis dans une organisation de soin donnée.
pharmacy facility
établissement de pharmacologie
A textual entity that allows the identification of an excipient.
Une entité textuelle qui permet l'identification d'un excipient.
excipient name
nom d’excipient
A condition statement involving the number of doses administered in some drug administration.
Un énoncé de condition faisant intervenir le nombre de doses administrées dans une administration de médicament.
number of doses in drug administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de nombre d’administration de doses
A number of doses in drug administration condition statement that is true if and only if exactly some number of dose administrations have occurred.
Un énoncé de condition de nombre de doses d’administration de médicament qui est vrai si et seulement si exactement un certain nombre d’administration de doses ont été effectuées.
exactly some number of doses in drug administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de nombre exact d’administration de doses
A pharmacist selecting a package of Aspirin 81mg oral tablets from the pharmacy inventory shelf.
A nurse selecting an ampoule of amiodarone 50mg/mL injectable solution from the ward's stock of drugs.
A doctor selecting a sample box of Spiriva 2.5mcg per puff Respimat Inhaler from the free sample drug stock cabinet.
A process where a health care provider physically selects a particular drug product as specified in a drug product specification.
Un processus dans lequel un fournisseur de soin sélectionne physiquement un médicament particulier comme indiqué sur une spécification de médicament.
Note that a doctor does not select a particular drug when prescribing unless they provide the actual drug with the prescription. They specify a drug product that is about the collection of drug products that are appropriate for a prescribed drug administration.
drug selection
sélection de médicament
A number of doses in drug administration condition statement that is true if and only if less than some number of dose administrations have occurred.
Un énoncé de condition de nombre de doses d’administration de médicament qui est vrai si et seulement si moins d’un certain nombre d’administration de doses ont été effectuées.
less than some number of doses have occurred condition statement
énoncé de condition de nombre d’administration de doses maximum
A number of doses in drug administration condition statement that is true if and only if more than some number of dose administrations have occurred.
Un énoncé de condition de nombre de doses d’administration de médicament qui est vrai si et seulement si plus d’un certain nombre d’administration de doses ont été effectuées.
greater than some number of doses have occurred condition statement
énoncé de condition de nombre d’administration de doses minimum
A condition statement that is true if and only if the time elapsed since some dispensing is greater than some duration.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si le temps écoulé depuis une certaine distribution est plus grand qu’une certaine durée.
greater than some time elapsed since the previous dispensing condition statement
énoncé de condition de temps minimum passé depuis une distribution de médicament
A health care provider role where the service provided is that of identification, preparation, dispensing and monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs.
Un role de prestataire de soin qui fournit un service d'identification, de préparation, de distribution et de contrôle de médicaments.
pharmacist role
rôle de pharmacien
'it is the day after the end of the drug administration specified by "Prednisone 10mg PO die x 1 week"'
A condition statement that is true if and only if some process has ended.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si un certain processus est fini.
after some process condition statement
énoncé de condition de fin de processus
A condition statement that is true if and only if some drug administration has ended.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si une certaine administration de médicament est finie.
after some drug administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de fin d’administration de médicament
A condition statement that is true if and only if some dose administration has ended.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement une certaine administration de dose est finie.
after some dose administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de fin d’administration de dose
A condition statement that is true if and only if some surgery has ended.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si une certaine intervention chirurgicale est finie.
after some surgery condition statement
énoncé de condition de fin de chirurgie
anatomical site of dose administration specification
An information content entity that specifies an anatomical entity which should be in contact with the drug product being administered during a dose administration.
Une entité de contenu informationnel spécifiant une entité anatomique qui doit entrer en contact avec le médicament administré pendant une administration de dose.
site of drug administration specification
spécification de site d’administration de médicament
A directive information entity that authorizes the dispensing of a drug product under certain conditions and usually specifies how much of the drug should be dispensed at a time.
Une entité informationnelle directive qui autorise la distribution d’un médicament sous certaines conditions, et spécifie habituellement la quantité de médicament qui doit être distribuée à un instant.
drug dispensing specification
spécification de distribution de médicament
A Drug Identification Number (DIN) is a computer-generated eight digit number assigned by Health Canada to a drug product prior to being marketed in Canada. It uniquely identifies all drug products sold in a dosage form in Canada and is located on the label of prescription and over-the-counter drug products that have been evaluated and authorized for sale in Canada.
A DIN uniquely identifies the following product characteristics: manufacturer; product name; active ingredient(s); strength(s) of active ingredient(s); pharmaceutical form; route of administration.
Le numéro d'identification d'une drogue (DIN) est un numéro de huit chiffres généré par un ordinateur qui est attribué par Santé Canada avant d'être commercialisé au Canada. Le DIN est unique et sert a identifier tous les médicaments vendus dans une forme posologique. Il est inscrit sur l'étiquette d'un médicament de prescription ou d'un médicament sans ordonnance qui ont été évalués et approuvés pour la vente au Canada.
Un DIN énumère les caractéristiques du produit: fabricant, nom du produit, ingrédient(s), la force de l'ingrédient médicinal, la forme posologique et la voie d'administration.
DIN
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/fact-sheets/drug-identification-number.html
https://www.canada.ca/fr/sante-canada/services/medicaments-produits-sante/medicaments/feuillets-information/numero-identification-medicament.html
From wikipedia:
Any product defined as a drug under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act must have an associated Drug Identification Number (or DIN).
The Drug Identification Number (DIN) is the 8 digit number located on the label of prescription and over-the-counter drug products that have been evaluated by the Therapeutic Products Directorate (TPD) and approved for sale in Canada. The DIN is typically an eight digit number.
Once a drug has been approved, the Therapeutic Products Directorate issues a DIN which permits the manufacturer to market the drug in Canada. For drugs where there is minimal market history in Canada, there is a more stringent review and the drug is required to have a Notice of Compliance and a DIN in order to be marketed in Canada.
A DIN lets the user know that the product has undergone and passed a review of its formulation, labeling and instructions for use. A drug product sold in Canada without a DIN is not in compliance with Canadian law.
The DIN is also a tool to help in the follow-up of products on the market, recall of products, inspections, and quality monitoring. A drug product can be looked up via its DIN with the Health Canada's Drug Product Database (DPD) to find specific information of drugs approved by the Ministry.
Drug Identification Number
Numéro d’identification d’un médicament
'1 metered dose administration of nitroglycerine"
A scalar value specification that specifies a number of metered dose administrations.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire spécifiant le nombre d’administration de doses mesurées.
metered dose administration count value specification
spécification de nombre de prise de dose
A pharmacy technician providing a package of 30 Aspirin 81mg oral tablets to a patient.
A technician working at a hospital pharmacy sending 3 3mL ampoules of amiadorone 50 mg/mL injectable solution to a ward as part of a prescription for inpatient Harry Thymia.
A doctor providing a patient with a Respimat Inhaler device containing 60 puffs of Spiriva, 2.5mcg per puff.
A planned process in which a health care provider or person who is part of a health care organization provides a determinate quantity of a particular drug product for use in a particular patient.
Un processus planifié pendant lequel un professionnel de santé ou une personne faisant partie d'une organisation de santé fournit une quantité déterminée d'un médicament particulier à destination d'un patient particulier.
The person who is part of a health care organization may be e.g., a representative of an internet company which sends prescribed medication.
drug dispensing process
processus de distribution de médicament
e.g. start perfusion at 15cc/h. if MAP < 65 mmHg, then increase rate by 5cc/h every 5 minutes. If MAP=>65 mmHg, then decrease rate by 5cc/h every 5 minutes.
There are two rate of administration plan specifications here, one for each change specified:
'if MAP < 65 mmHg, then increase rate by 5cc/h every 5 minutes.' and
'If MAP>=65 mmHg, then decrease rate by 5cc/h every 5 minutes'
An action specification that instructs how the rate at which a dose is administered should be changed based on certain conditions in order to maintain a certain equilibrium or targeted effect.
Une spécification d’action qui indique comment le taux auquel une dose est administrée doit être changé, sur la base de certaines conditions afin de maintenir un certain équilibre ou effet visé.
perfusion rate specification
drug perfusion specification
spécification de taux de perfusion de médicament
A directive information entity that directs the dosing in a drug administration.
Une entité informationnelle directive qui dirige le dosage d’une administration de médicament.
Sig.
dosing instructions
posological instructions
prescribed dosing specification
spécification de dosage prescrit
The portion of a drug product that an organism is exposed to.
Une portion de médicament à laquelle un organisme est exposé.
dose de médicament
dose of drug product
A material entity that is a proper part of a drug product, with a similar composition as the drug product.
Une entité matérielle qui est une partie propre d’un médicament, avec une composition similaire à celle du médicament.
portion de médicament
portion of drug product
A written name referring to a supervising prescriber.
Un nom faisant référence à un prescripteur supervisant.
identification de prescripteur superviseur
supervising prescriber identification
An information content entity specifying a rate of a drug administration.
Une entité de contenu informationnel spécifiant un taux d’administration de médicament.
rate of administration specification
spécification de taux d’administration
A category value specification that specifies one site of administration from a standardized list of possible sites.
Une spécification de valeur catégorique qui spécifie le site d'administration.
site of administration category specification
spécification du site d'administration
A measurement unit label of mass per time.
Une unité de mesure de masse par temps.
mass per time unit
unité de masse par unité de temps
1
1
An information content entity that specifies the minimum and maximum quantities of drug product or active ingredient in a dose administration.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui spécifie les quantités minimum et maximum de médicament ou d’ingrédient actif dans une administration de dose.
dose range specification
spécification d’intervalle de dose
Metoprolol tartrate
A scattered molecular aggregate with the role of active ingredient.
Un aggrégat de molécule dispersée avec le rôle d'ingrédient actif.
Should be moved to DRON
active ingredient aggregate
aggrégat d'ingrédient actif
The water in a solution of injectable amiodarone.
Un aggrégat de molécule dispersée ayant le rôle d'excipient.
scattered molecular aggregate with the role of excipient.
Should be moved to DRON
aggrégat d'excipient
excipient aggregate
A scalar value specification that specifies a mass per time value specification.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui spécifie une valeur de masse par unité de temps.
mass per time value specification
spécification de valeur de masse par unité de temps
John Smith being dispensed 60 Ativan 1mg oral tablets a 10th time as specified in the same prescription.
John Smith being dispensed in october 30x metoprolol 100 mg oral tablets after having being dispensed in september 30x metoprolol 100 mg oral tablets.
A drug dispensing process that follows an initial drug dispensing process, such that both processes are specified in the same drug prescription.
Un processus de distribution de médicament qui suit un processus de distribution initial, lorsque les deux processus sont indiqués dans la même prescription médicale.
drug renewal process
processus de renouvellement de médicament
An information content entity that specifies how a dose is quantified in a dose administration.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui quantifie une dose dans une administration de dose.
This part of a prescription usually specifies a fixed amount (like '50 mg' or '500 mL'), but may instead specify a rate in some situations, e.g., in ongiong IV perfusions, where the total dose that will be administered in a single dose is unkown until the administration has ended. In either situation, the dose quantification specification is what enables the calculation of the quantity of active ingredient or drug product in the dose that is administered
dose quantification specification
spécification de quantification de dose
A dose quantification specification that quantifies a dose by referring to the quantity of active ingredient administered in a dose administration.
Une spécification de quantification de dose spécifiant une quantité d’ingrédient actif à administrer lors d’une administration de dose.
active ingredient quantification specification
spécification de quantité d’ingrédient actif dans une dose
A dose quantification specification that specifies the quantity of drug product administered in a dose administration.
Une spécification de quantification de dose spécifiant la quantité de médicament administrée lors d’une administration de dose.
drug product quantification specification
spécification de quantité de médicament dans une dose
8 mcg/min (of norepinephrine)
A value specification specifying the value of an active ingredient mass delivery rate.
Une spécification de valeur spécifiant la valeur du taux d’administration de masse d’ingrédient actif.
active ingredient mass delivery rate value specification
spécification de taux d’administration de masse d’ingrédient actif
A condition statement whose truthfulness is a prerequisite for continuing a drug administration.
Un énoncé de condition dont la véracité est un pré-requis pour continuer une administration de médicament.
continuing condition statement
continuing drug administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de continuation d’administration de médicament
'if bronchitis'
'if January 1 2016'
A condition statement whose truthfulness is a prerequisite for starting a drug administration.
Un énoncé de condition dont la véracité est un prérequis pour commencer une administration de médicament.
starting condition statement
starting drug administration condition statement
énoncé de condition de début d’administration de médicament
An information content entity that describes some relationships between some entities and whose truthfullness is a prerequisite for something.
Une entité de contenu informationnel qui décrit des relations entre certaines entités et dont la véracité est un prérequis pour quelque chose.
condition statement
énoncé de condition
A dosing condition statement that is true if and only if the amount of time that has elapsed since the previous dose is greater than some duration.
Un énoncé de condition de dosage qui est vrai si et seulement si le temps écoulé depuis la précédente dose est supérieur à une certaine valeur.
see note for maximum dosage condition. The same applies to this entitiy and 'greater than some time elapsed since previous dose condition'
minimum dosing interval condition statement
énoncé de condition d’intervalle de dosage minimum
'maximum 4g/24h'
A dosing condition statement that is true if and only if the amount of drug product administered to a patient has not exceeded a certain amount per unit of time.
Un énoncé de condition de dosage qui est vrai si et seulement si la quantité de médicament administrée à un patient n’excède pas une certaine quantité par unité de temps.
an instance of this condition would also be an instance of 'less than or equal to total dosage condition'. TODO: We need to be able to infer this without asserted multiple inheritance. An ideal solution would be introducing some sort of "role" for ICE in order to distinguish what a condition can be used for (what it's truthfulness is a prerequisite for) from it's logical construction (what information it is composed of). -RT
maximum dosage condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage maximal
'less than 3 doses have been taken today'
'8 hours have elapsed since the previous dose'
'it is wednesday'
A condition statement whose truthfulness is a prerequisite for the instruction of taking of a dose.
Un énoncé de condition dont la véracité est un prérequis pour une instruction de prise d’une dose.
dosing condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage
"1 dispensing per month"
"12 dispensings per year"
A value specification that specifies the frequency of a drug dispensing.
Une spécification de valeur de fréquence indiquant la fréquence d'un processus de distribution de médicament.
Elle a une unité de la forme "distribution de médicament par unité de temps".
Has unit label of the form 'drug dispensings per unit time'.
nb. "#30 renew x12", has as part a drug dispensing count specification, not a drug dispensing frequency specification.
This is because the dispensing process is not specified to occur 'per unit of time'; it is specified to occur 'a number of times'.
drug dispensing frequency specification
spécification de fréquence de distribution de médicament
"12 dispensings"
A scalar value specification that specifies a number of dispensing processes.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui indique un nombre de distributions de médicaments.
"Dispense 30 tabs, not renewable" -> 1 dispensing
"Dispense 30 tabs, dispense 12 times" -> 12 dispensings
"Dispense 30 tabs, repeatable 12 times" ->13 dispensings
"Dispense 30 tabs, renew 12 times" -> 13 dispensings
"Dispense 30 tabs every month for one year" -> 12 dispensings
drug dispensing count specification
spécification de nombre de distributions de médicaments
John Smith being dispensed 60x Ativan 1mg oral tablets for the first time
A drug dispensing process that is the first time the patient is being provided with a particular drug following a particular prescription.
Un processus de distribution de médicament tel que ce médicament n'a jamais été fourni au patient auparavant sur la base de cette prescription particulière.
initial drug dispensing process
processus de distribution de médicament initiale
drug dose administration specification
"1 tablet by mouth"
"Mix 4g powder with 1 cup of water and drink slowly"
"mix 450mg in 250mL of D5% solution, then administrate IV over 12 hours"
"nebulize 2.5mg and administrate inhaled over 5-15 minutes"
An action specification that describes a dose administration.
Une spécification d'action qui décrit une administration de dose médicamenteuse.
dose administration specification
spécification d'administration de dose
A scalar value specification that specifies the frequency of a process.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire indiquant la fréquence d'un processus.
frequency value specification
spécification de valeur de fréquence
A prophylaxis composed of one or more dose administrations.
Une prophylaxie composée d'une ou plusieurs administrations de doses.
drug prophylaxis
prophylaxie médicamenteuse
A process in which the administration of a drug product as prescribed is hypothesized to achieve some health care objective.
Un processus pendant lequel une ou plusieurs administrations de dose est supposée remplir un certain objectif de santé.
Note that we do not consider all drug administrations to be treatments, as in the case of prophylaxis.
A health care objective could concern e.g., treatment, prophylaxis and contraception. We leave open the question of whether it should include objectives such as physician-assisted suicide.
need to align with DRON
administration de médicament
prescribed drug administration
"The alleviation of a symptomatic cough"
"The prevention of malaria"
"The diagnosis of what ails John Smith"
An objective specification that specifies the objective of a health care process.
Une spécification d'objectif d'un processus de soin ou d'une de ses parties.
health care objective specification
spécification d'objectif de santé
'30 tablets' in 'dispense 30 tablets'
An information content entity that describes the amount of a drug product to dispense in a single drug dispensing process.
Une entité informationnelle qui indique la quantité de médicament à distribuer pendant un processus de distribution unique.
drug dispensing quantity specification
drug dispensing amount specification
spécification de la quantité de médicament à distribuer
A health care objective specification that specifies a treatment objective.
Une spécification d'objectif de santé de traitement.
spécification d'objectif de traitement
treatment objective specification
A health care objective specification that specifies a prophylaxis objective.
Une spécification d'objectif de santé prophylactique.
prophylaxis objective specification
spécification d'objectif prophylactique
A health care objective specification specifying a diagnostic objective.
Une spécification d'objectif de santé diagnostique.
diagnostic objective specification
spécification d'objectif diagnostique
prescribed drug administration specification
"take Aspirin 81 mg oral tablet, 1 tablet once daily by mouth, start today, Dispense 30 tabs every month for one year".
An action specification that specifies how to perform a drug administration.
It specifies:
- The drug product
- The posology
- The condition(s) for starting.
Une entité informationnelle directive indiquant l'administration d'un médicament.
Elle indique :
- le médicament.
- le(s) condition(s) de distribution du médicament.
- la quantité de médicament à distribuer.
- le(s) condition(s) de début d'administration du médicament.
- le(s) condition(s) de continuation d'administration du médicament
- le(s) condition(s) d'administration d'une dose
- comment administrer une dose, ce qui inclut:
-- Toute préparation du médicament requise avant l'administration.
-- La dose à administrer.
-- Le mode d'administration
-- Toute particularité dans la manière d'administrer le médicament.
drug administration specification
spécification d’administration de médicament
"10 capsules"
"1 patch"
"1/2 tablet"
A scalar value specification that specifies an amount of drug product objects.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui indique un nombre de médicaments.
The unit label here is a 'discrete drug object' (capsules, tablets, patches, etc.)
drug product object count specification
spécification de nombre de médicaments
A volume value specification where the volume specified is that of a drug product.
Une spécification de valeur de volume indiquant le volume d'un médicament.
drug product volume value specification
spécification de valeur de volume de médicament
A mass value specification that specifies the mass of a drug product.
Une spécification de valeur de masse qui indique la masse d'un médicament.
drug product mass value specification
spécification de valeur de masse de médicament
e=entity
r=relationship
"Unicorns exist"
e1: a single horned animal
e2: an equestrian animal
e3: spatial region of universe
r1: e1 is a e2
r2: e1 located in e3
"You have chest pain"
e1: chest pain
e2: patient referred to by 'you'
r1: e2 experiencing e1
"The traffic light is green"
"You have not taken a dose in the last 6 hours"
"less than 12 dispensings have occurred"
An information content entity that describes some relationships between some entities and is intended to be evaluated as true or false.
statement
énoncé
true
"1 hour"
"15 minutes"
"30 seconds"
A scalar value specification that specifies a duration of time.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui indique une durée de temps.
spécification de durée temporelle
temporal duration specification
"4 dose administrations per day"
"2 dose administrations per hour"
A value specification of the frequency of a dose administration.
Une spécification de valeur de fréquence indiquant la fréquence d'un processus d'administration de dose.
Elle a une unité de la forme "administrations de dose par unité de temps".
Has a unit label of the form 'dose administrations per unit time'.
dose administration frequency specification
spécification de fréquence d'administration de dose
'5000 units' (of fragmin)
'10 units' (of insulin)
A scalar value specification that specifies the value of an active ingredient aggregate biological activity.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui indique la valeur d'activité biologique d'un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif.
pharmacological unit value specification
spécification de valeur d'unité pharmacologique
A scalar value specification that specifies the quantity of an element or compound with uniform disposition.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui spécifie la quantité d'un élément ou d'un composé avec une disposition uniforme.
spécification de quantité de substance
substance quantity value specification
'50mL per hour'
A scalar value specification whose unit label is a volumetric rate unit.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire dont l'unité est une unité de rythme.
spécification de valeur de rythme
volumetric flow rate value specification
'80cc per hour' (of NS, which is NaCl + water)
A rate value specification that specifies the rate at which a drug product is administered during a dose administration.
Une spécification de valeur de rythme qui indique le rythme auquel un médicament est administré pendant une administration de dose.
drug product volumetric flow rate value specification
spécification de valeur de rythme de médicament
A substance value specification where the substance is an active ingredient aggregate.
Une spécification de quantité de substance où la substance est un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif.
active ingredient molar value specification
spécification de valeur molaire d'ingrédient actif
pharmacological international unit
the "units" in 10 units of insulin
A measurement unit label for the amount of a substance based on a specified biological activity or effect of that substance.
Un label d'unité de mesure pour la quantité de substance fondé sur une activité biologique spécifiée ou sur un effet de cette substance.
pharmacological unit
unité pharmacologique
"3 dose administration"
"1 dose administration"
A scalar value specification that specifies a number of dose administrations.
Une spécification de valeur scalaire qui indique un nombre d'administrations de doses.
dose administration count specification
spécification de nombre d'administrations de doses
"You have chest pain"
"You are having trouble breathing"
A condition statement that is true if and only if some symptom is present in an individual.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si un certain symptôme est présent chez un individu.
presence of symptom condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant la présence d'un symptôme
"if patient is asleep"
A condition statement that is true if and only if an individual is in some specific state of consciousness.
Un énoncé de condition qui est vrai si et seulement si un individu est dans un certain état de conscience.
state of consciousness condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant un état de concience
A condition statement that describes the current time period relative to some other time period.
Un énoncé de condition situant la période actuelle relativement à une autre période.
current time condition statement
énoncé de condition sur le temps présent
"2 weeks have elapsed since returning from travel"
"14 days have elapsed since the start of treatment"
"6 hours have elapsed since the previous dose"
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le temps écoulé depuis un évènement.
a condition statement describing the amount of time that has elapsed since an event.
time elapsed condition statement
énoncé de condition de temps écoulé
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le nombre d'administration de doses qui se sont produites pendant une certaine durée de temps.
a condition statement describing the number of dose administrations that have occurred over a given duration of time.
number of doses per unit time condition statement
énoncé de condition décrivant le nombre de doses par unité de temps
"less than 3 dose administrations have occurred in the last 15 minutes"
A number of doses condition statement that is true if and only if the number of dose administrations having occurred is less than a specified number.
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le nombre de doses par unité de temps comme étant inférieur à un certain nombre d'administration de doses.
less than some number of doses per unit time condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant que le nombre de doses par unité de temps est inférieur à
"greater than 1 dose has occurred in the last 6 hours"
A number of doses condition statement that is true if and only if the number of dose administrations having occurred is greater than a specified number.
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le nombre de doses par unité de temps comme étant supérieur à un certain nombre d'administration de doses.
greater than some number of doses per unit time condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant que le nombre de doses par unité de temps est supérieur à
"1 dose administration has occurred in the last day"
A number of doses condition statement that is true if and only if a specified number of dose administrations have occurred.
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le nombre de doses par unité de temps comme étant égal à un certain nombre d'administration de doses.
exactly some number of doses per unit time condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant que le nombre de doses par unité de temps est égal à
A condition statement describing the number of dispensings that have occurred as directed by a certain prescription.
Un énoncé de condition d'une prescription décrivant un nombre de distributions passées.
number of dispensings condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant un nombre de distributions passées
"if less than one dispensing has occurred"
A number of dispensings condition statement that is true if and only if the number of dispensings having occurred is less than a specified number.
Un énoncé de condition de nombre de distributions indiquant qu'un nombre de distributions passées est plus petit qu'un certain nombre.
less than some number of dispensings condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant qu'un nombre de distributions passées est plus petit qu'un certain nombre
"10 units of insulin have been administered in the last hour"
Un énoncé de condition décrivant la quantité de médicament ou d'ingrédient actif qui a été administrée pendant une certaine période de temps.
a condition describing the amount of drug product or active ingredient that has been administered in a given duration of time.
total dosage condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage total
A total dosage condition statement that is true if and only if the total dosage administered is less or equal to a specified amount.
Un énoncé de condition de dosage total où le dosage total administré est inférieur ou égal à une certaine quantité.
less than or equal to total dosage condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage total inférieur ou égal à une certaine quantité
A total dosage condition statement that is true if and only if the total dosage administered is greater than a specified amount.
Un énoncé de condition de dosage total où le dosage total administré est supérieur à une certaine quantité.
greater than total dosage condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage total supérieur à une certaine quantité
A total dosage condition statement that is true if and only if the total dosage administered is equal to a specified amount.
Un énoncé de condition de dosage total où le dosage total administré est égal à une certaine quantité.
equal to total dosage condition statement
énoncé de condition de dosage total égal à une certaine quantité
"6 hours have elapsed since the previous dose of metoprolol 50mg oral tablets"
Un énoncé de condition décrivant le temps écoulé depuis une administration de dose.
a condition statement describing the time elapsed since a dose administration.
time elapsed since dose condition statement
énoncé de condition indiquant le temps écoulé depuis une administration de dose
A category value specification that specifies one route of administration from a standardized list of possible routes.
Une spécification de valeur catégorique qui spécifie une voie d'administration.
route of administration category specification
spécification de la catégorie de la voie d'administration
A drug product that is not a generic drug product.
Un médicament qui n’est pas un médicament générique.
médicament non-générique
non-generic drug product
A drug product that was approved and commercialized after the patent for that drug product expired.
Une médicament qui a été approuvé et commercialisé après l'expiration du brevet correspondant.
generic drug product
médicament générique
International Nonproprietary Name
An active ingredient name that is an International Nonproprietary Name.
Un nom d'ingrédient actif qui est un International Nonproprietary Name.
We may require the addition of an INNM class in the future.
http://www.who.int/medicines/services/inn/innguidance/en/
"INN are selected in principle only for single, well-defined substances that can be unequivocally characterized by a chemical name (or formula). It is the policy of the INN programme not to select names for mixtures of substances, while substances that are not fully characterized are included in the INN system in exceptional cases only. INN are not selected for herbal substances (vegetable drugs) or for homoeopathic products. It is also the policy of the INN programme not to select names for those substances that have a long history of use for medical purposes under well-established names such as those of alkaloids (e.g. morphine, codeine), or trivial chemical names (e.g. acetic acid).
An INN is usually designated for the active part of the molecule only, to avoid the multiplication of entries in cases where several salts, esters, etc. are actually used. In such cases, the user of the INN has to create a modified INN (INNM) himself ; mepyramine maleate (a salt of mepyramine with maleic acid) is an example of an INNM. When the creation of an INNM would require the use of a long or inconvenient name for the radical part of the INNM, the INN programme will select a short name for such a radical (for example, mesilate for methanesulfonate)."
INN name
nom INN
A textual entity that allows the identification of an active ingredient.
Une entité textuelle qui permet l'identification d'un ingrédient actif.
active ingredient name
nom d'ingrédient actif
A nurse injecting 9mL of amiodarone 50mg/mL in 250 mL of D5 solution.
A patient mixing 4g of cholestyramine powder in a glass of orange juice.
A process in which a drug product is modified in order to render it more suitable for patient administration.
Un processus dans lequel un médicament est modifié de manière à le rendre plus approprié pour une administration au patient.
drug preparation
préparation de médicament
The configuration of a tablet after it has been crushed and dissolved in a glass of water.
The configuration of a tablet before it has been administered
La configuration d'un médicament juste avant qu'il soit administré.
The configuration of a drug product just before it is administered.
This configuration may have been the result of some drug preparation.
administration dose form
forme de la dose d'administration
La configuration d'un médicament à la fin d'un processus de production pharmaceutique.
The configuration of a drug product at the end of a pharmaceutical production process.
This needs to be eventually distinguished with drug product vehicles.
drug product dose form
forme de dose médicamenteuse
The active ingredient aggregate strength in the active ingredient aggregate of 10 units of Humalog insulin
A quality inhering in an active ingredient aggregate by virtue of the magnitude of a standardized biological effect of that active ingredient.
Une qualité inhérent dans un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif en vertu d'une magnitude d'effet biologique standardisé de cet ingrédient actif.
This is to represent the qualities that inhere in drugs measured by a standardized pharmacological unit.
E.g.
1 unit of heparin is the quantity required to keep 1 mL of cat's blood fluid for 24 hours at 0°C.
1 unit of insulin is the amount required to reduce the concentration of blood glucose in a fasting rabbit to 45 mg/dl (2.5 mmol/L).
active ingredient aggregate biological activity
activité biologique d'un aggrégat d'ingrédient actif
mass unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
mass unit
volume unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas.
volume unit
frequency unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
frequency unit
Obsolete Class