2012-07-17
An ontology describing the anatomical structures and characteristics of Porifera (sponges)
Bob Thacker
Chris Mungall
Porifera (sponge) ontology
Porifera Ontology
http://code.google.com/p/porifera-ontology/
definition
term replaced by
external definition
synonyms that should no longer be used
synonyms that refers to the corresponding trait
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
part of
BFO:0000050
part_of
sponge
has part
has_part
Note that we relax the transitivity constraint of this relation to allow us to make cardinality axioms. This is not very satisfactory, in future versions we may use a sub-relation such as has-component'
bearer of
surrounded by
variant of
results in formation of
develops_from
RO:0002202
develops_from
sponge
capable_of
RO:0002215
capable_of
sponge
composed_of
sponge
continuous_with
2011-04-22T07:30:35Z
cjm
sponge
echinates
protrudes from
sponge
secreted_by
2011-04-22T07:02:22Z
cjm
sponge
secretes
sponge
surrounds
sponge
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
sponge
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
CARO:MAH
anatomical structure
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
sponge
CARO:MAH
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
sponge
Anatomical entity that has mass.
CARO:MAH
anatomical system
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
caro
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:MAH
FMA:7149
multi-cellular organism
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
sponge
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
CARO:MAH
cell
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
GO:0005623
sponge
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:MAH
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
sponge
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:MAH
portion of tissue
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
sponge
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
CARO:MAH
anatomical group
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
sponge
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:MAH
chemical entity
calcium carbonate
calcite
aragonite
biogenic silica
spermatocyte
A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids.
cell
A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids.
GOC:tfm
MESH:A.05.360.490.890.880
oocyte
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
cell
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
germ line cell
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children.
cell
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
reproduction
GO:0019952
GO:0050876
The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism.
Wikipedia:Reproduction
biological_process
reproductive physiological process
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0198506732
The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism.
phagocytosis
An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
Wikipedia:Phagocytosis
biological_process
An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
ISBN:0198506732
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
GO:0000004
GO:0007582
Wikipedia:Biological_process
biological process
biological process unknown
biological_process
physiological process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
flagellum
flagellum
reproductive process
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
biological_process
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
quality
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
PATO:0000072
sponge
trait
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
PATOC:GVG
morphology
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
sponge
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
PATOC:GVG
sponge cell
2011-04-22T06:40:57Z
cjm
sponge
sponge
2011-04-22T06:42:26Z
Sponge bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. While all animals have unspecialized cells that can transform into specialized cells, sponges are unique in having some specialized cells that can transform into other types, often migrating between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes, and the shapes of their bodies are adapted to maximize the efficiency of the water flow. All are sessile aquatic animals and, although there are freshwater species, the great majority are marine (salt water) species, ranging from tidal zones to depths exceeding 8,800 metres (5.5 mi)
cjm
sponge
Sponge bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. While all animals have unspecialized cells that can transform into specialized cells, sponges are unique in having some specialized cells that can transform into other types, often migrating between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes, and the shapes of their bodies are adapted to maximize the efficiency of the water flow. All are sessile aquatic animals and, although there are freshwater species, the great majority are marine (salt water) species, ranging from tidal zones to depths exceeding 8,800 metres (5.5 mi)
Wikipedia:Sponge
mesohyl
2011-04-22T06:42:59Z
cjm
gelatinous matrix within a sponge. It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm. The mesohyl resembles a type of connective tissue and contains several amoeboid cells such as amebocytes, as well as fibrils and skeletal elements. For hundreds of years, it has been largely accepted that sponges lack true tissue, but it is currently debated as to whether mesohyl and pinacoderm layers are in fact tissues.
The mesohyl is composed of the following main elements: collagen, fibronectin-like molecules, galectin, and a minor component, dermatopontin. These polypeptides form the extracellular matrix which provides the platform for specific cell adhesion as well as for signal transduction and cellular growth.
mesenchyme
mesoglea
sponge
mesenchyme
Wikipedia:Mesohyl
gelatinous matrix within a sponge. It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm. The mesohyl resembles a type of connective tissue and contains several amoeboid cells such as amebocytes, as well as fibrils and skeletal elements. For hundreds of years, it has been largely accepted that sponges lack true tissue, but it is currently debated as to whether mesohyl and pinacoderm layers are in fact tissues.
The mesohyl is composed of the following main elements: collagen, fibronectin-like molecules, galectin, and a minor component, dermatopontin. These polypeptides form the extracellular matrix which provides the platform for specific cell adhesion as well as for signal transduction and cellular growth.
choanocyte
2011-04-22T06:47:33Z
A cell that lines the interior of Asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type sponges that contain a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane. The choanocyte is ovoid, with one end adjacent to the mesohyl (in some species). It is the closest family member to the free-living ancestor called choanoflagellate. The flagellae beat regularly, creating a water flow across the microvilli which can then filter nutrients and other food from the water taken from the collar of the sponge. Food particles are then phagocytosed by the cell. Choanocytes are found dotting the surface of the spongocoel in asconoid sponges and the radial canals in syconoid sponges, but they comprise entirely the chambers in leuconoid sponges. By cooperatively moving their flagella, choanocytes generate a flow of water through the sponges pores, into the spongocoel, and out through the osculum. This improves both respiratory and digestive functions for the sponge, pulling in oxygen and nutrients and allowing a rapid expulsion of carbon dioxide and other waste products. Although all cells in a sponge are capable of living on their own, choanocytes carry out most of the sponge's ingestion, passing digested materials to the amoebocytes for delivery to other cells.
They bear more than a passing resemblance to Choanoflagellates, and demonstrate key steps in the evolution of animals. Scientist Nicole King helped to establish the distinction.[1] DNA sequencing indicates that multicellular choanoflagellates and poriferans are sister groups, both descended from the same eukaryotic clade. One can see modern choanoflagellates living in small colonies, illustrating the evolution of sponges by analogy. More complex animals, notably the cnidarians, possess cells whose structures are clearly derived from choanocytes, demonstrating their historical ties to phylum porifera.
cjm
collar cell
sponge
A cell that lines the interior of Asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type sponges that contain a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane. The choanocyte is ovoid, with one end adjacent to the mesohyl (in some species). It is the closest family member to the free-living ancestor called choanoflagellate. The flagellae beat regularly, creating a water flow across the microvilli which can then filter nutrients and other food from the water taken from the collar of the sponge. Food particles are then phagocytosed by the cell. Choanocytes are found dotting the surface of the spongocoel in asconoid sponges and the radial canals in syconoid sponges, but they comprise entirely the chambers in leuconoid sponges. By cooperatively moving their flagella, choanocytes generate a flow of water through the sponges pores, into the spongocoel, and out through the osculum. This improves both respiratory and digestive functions for the sponge, pulling in oxygen and nutrients and allowing a rapid expulsion of carbon dioxide and other waste products. Although all cells in a sponge are capable of living on their own, choanocytes carry out most of the sponge's ingestion, passing digested materials to the amoebocytes for delivery to other cells.
ISBN:0030229073
Wikipedia:Choanocyte
epitheloid monolayer of cells
2011-04-22T06:50:20Z
Sponge cells adhere to form tissue-like layers, but a true epithelial cell layer, characterized by aligned cell polarity, belt-form junctions and underlying basal lamina, is thought to be a eumetazoan innovation. Amphimedon possesses all the main components of the Par, Crumbs and Discs Large (Dlg) complexes, a set of interacting proteins that are largely metazoan-specific and determine polarity in epithelial cells[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.htm]
cjm
sponge
lophocyte
2011-04-22T06:52:10Z
amoeba-like cells that move slowly through the mesohyl and secrete collagen fibres.
cjm
sponge
rhabdiferous cell
2011-04-22T06:53:00Z
Large cell with numerous rod-like inclu sions parallel to the long axis of the cell containing acid mucopolysaccharides
cjm
secrete polysaccharides that also form part of the mesohyl
sponge
Large cell with numerous rod-like inclu sions parallel to the long axis of the cell containing acid mucopolysaccharides
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sclerocyte
2011-04-22T06:54:11Z
cjm
compare: "Cell involved in spicule secretion. In Demospon- ges, with intracellular secretion, sclerocytes are characterized by numerous mitochondria and the presence of spicule-axial filaments. In Calcarea, where secretion is extracellular, sclerocytes have septate junctions between them (sc in figure)." [http://www.portol.org/thesaurus]
spicule secreting cells, found in sponges. They secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules which are found in the mesohyl layer of sponges. The sclerocytes produce spicules via formation of a cellular triad
sponge
Wikipedia:Sclerocyte
spicule secreting cells, found in sponges. They secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules which are found in the mesohyl layer of sponges. The sclerocytes produce spicules via formation of a cellular triad
secretory cell
2011-04-22T06:55:19Z
cjm
sponge
spongocyte
2011-04-22T06:55:40Z
In addition to or instead of sclerocytes, demosponges have spongocytes that secrete a form of collagen that polymerizes into spongin, a thick fibrous material that stiffens the mesohyl.
cjm
sponge
myocyte
2011-04-22T06:56:33Z
cjm
conduct signals and cause parts of the animal to contract. They are assumed to regulate the flow of water by increasing or decreasing the diameter of these openings to the aquiferous system.
muscle cell
sponge
gray cell
2011-04-22T06:57:32Z
cells that acts as sponges' equivalent of an immune system.
cjm
immune cell
sponge
TODO: Merge with glycocyte?
archaeocyte
2011-04-22T06:58:18Z
amoeba-like large cells with large nuclei that are totipotent. They also have important roles in feeding and in clearing debris that block the ostia.
amoebocyte
cjm
sponge
ISBN:0030229073
amoeba-like large cells with large nuclei that are totipotent. They also have important roles in feeding and in clearing debris that block the ostia.
spicule
2011-04-22T06:59:28Z
A component of the mineral skeleton, typically composed of silica or calcium carbonate[portol]. A structural element that provides structural support and deter predators. Large spicules, visible to the naked eye are referred to as megascleres, while smaller, microscopic ones are termed microscleres. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton. Spicules are formed by sclerocytes, which are derived from archaeocytes. The sclerocyte begins with an organic filament, and adds silica to it. Spicules are generally elongated at a rate of 1-10 μm per hour. Once the spicule reaches a certain length it protrudes from the sclerocyte cell body, but remains within the cell's membrane. On occasion, sclerocytes may begin a second spicule while the first is still in progress.
cjm
located primarily in the mesohyl, but some project through the pinacoderm (Barnes).
sponge
siliceous or calcareous entities that form the mineral skeleton of a sponge
A component of the mineral skeleton, typically composed of silica or calcium carbonate[portol]. A structural element that provides structural support and deter predators. Large spicules, visible to the naked eye are referred to as megascleres, while smaller, microscopic ones are termed microscleres. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton. Spicules are formed by sclerocytes, which are derived from archaeocytes. The sclerocyte begins with an organic filament, and adds silica to it. Spicules are generally elongated at a rate of 1-10 μm per hour. Once the spicule reaches a certain length it protrudes from the sclerocyte cell body, but remains within the cell's membrane. On occasion, sclerocytes may begin a second spicule while the first is still in progress.
Wikipedia:Sponge_spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
osculum
2011-04-22T07:03:32Z
an excretory structure in the living sponge, a large opening to the outside through which the current of water exits after passing through the spongocoel. Wastes diffuse into the water and the water exits through the osculum at a velocity of nearly 8.4 cm/second, carrying away with it the sponge's wastes. The size of the osculum is regulated by the myocyte. Its size, in turn, determines the amount of water flowing through the sponge.
cjm
sponge
Wikipedia:Osculum
an excretory structure in the living sponge, a large opening to the outside through which the current of water exits after passing through the spongocoel. Wastes diffuse into the water and the water exits through the osculum at a velocity of nearly 8.4 cm/second, carrying away with it the sponge's wastes. The size of the osculum is regulated by the myocyte. Its size, in turn, determines the amount of water flowing through the sponge.
immaterial anatomical entity
2011-04-22T07:04:50Z
cjm
sponge
spongeocoel
2011-04-22T07:05:15Z
ATRIUM: "Preoscular cavity. This term is used specifically to designate the central exhalant cavity" [http://www.portol.org/thesaurus]
PORO:0000037
atrium
cjm
cloaca
gastal cavity
large, central cavity of sponges. Water enters the spongocoel through hundreds of tiny pores (Ostia) and exits through the larger opening (osculum). Depending on the body plan of the sponge (which can be asconoid, syconoid, or leuconoid), the spongocoel could be a simple interior space of the sponge or a complexly branched inner structure. Regardless of body plan or class, the spongocoel is lined with choanocytes, which have flagella that push water through the spongocoel, creating a current.
sponge
atrium
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
gastal cavity
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cloaca
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ostium
2011-04-22T07:07:50Z
PORO:0000036
cjm
incurrent pore
sponge
Any opening in the exopinacoderm through which water enters the sponge.
spongocoel lining
2011-04-22T07:09:08Z
cjm
sponge
pinacocyte
2011-04-22T07:11:56Z
cjm
flat cells found on the outermost layer of sponges. They can expand and contract to slightly alter the size of the sponge, and can also produce collagen. Delimits the sponge from the external milieu and always only in a layer one-cell deep
sponge
Wikipedia:Pinacocyte
flat cells found on the outermost layer of sponges. They can expand and contract to slightly alter the size of the sponge, and can also produce collagen. Delimits the sponge from the external milieu and always only in a layer one-cell deep
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prosopyle
2011-04-22T08:35:40Z
Compare: "Opening of an inhalant canal into a choanocyte chamber (pro in figure)." [http://www.portol.org/thesaurus]
a pore through which water is drawn from the outside into one of the saclike chambers formed by the evagination of the body wall.
cjm
sponge
choanocyte-lined chamber
2011-04-22T08:36:55Z
Any cavity lined by choanocytes and located between inhalant and exhalant systems[portol]. either the choanocyte-lined radial canal in syconoid, or the choanocyte-lined filter chamber in leuconoid[cjm].
cjm
sponge
choanocyte chamber
asconoid sponge
2011-04-22T07:14:19Z
Asconoid is one of three possible body plans for sponges, which form the phylum Porifera in kingdom Animalia and subkingdom Parazoa which means that they do not have a definite body shape. The asconoid body plan is characterized by a stalk-like spongocoel surrounded by a single layer of choanocytes. These choanocytes are cells that have flagella, and the flagella beat to push water through the spongocoel, creating a current. At somewhat regular intervals along the lining of the spongocoel are openings called ostia (singular, ostium). These protrude through the outer layer of the sponge (somewhat like an epidermis, but not entirely like it, since this terminology implies germ layers, which sponges do not have). Finally, at the top of the sponge is the osculum, which is the final exit for water circulating through the sponge. This single layer of choanocytes limits the size of asconoids, with the largest having a diameter of only 1 mm. This is due to the surface area : mass ratio which would not allow an asconoid sponge of larger size sufficient nutrition.
cjm
sponge
Asconoid is one of three possible body plans for sponges, which form the phylum Porifera in kingdom Animalia and subkingdom Parazoa which means that they do not have a definite body shape. The asconoid body plan is characterized by a stalk-like spongocoel surrounded by a single layer of choanocytes. These choanocytes are cells that have flagella, and the flagella beat to push water through the spongocoel, creating a current. At somewhat regular intervals along the lining of the spongocoel are openings called ostia (singular, ostium). These protrude through the outer layer of the sponge (somewhat like an epidermis, but not entirely like it, since this terminology implies germ layers, which sponges do not have). Finally, at the top of the sponge is the osculum, which is the final exit for water circulating through the sponge. This single layer of choanocytes limits the size of asconoids, with the largest having a diameter of only 1 mm. This is due to the surface area : mass ratio which would not allow an asconoid sponge of larger size sufficient nutrition.
Wikipedia:Asconoid
syconoid sponge
2011-04-22T07:15:05Z
Sponge in which the body wall is pleated. The inner pockets of the pleats are lined with choanocytes, which connect to the outer pockets of the pleats by ostia. This increase in the number of choanocytes and hence in pumping capacity enables syconoid sponges to grow up to a few centimeters in diameter
cjm
sponge
Sponge in which the body wall is pleated. The inner pockets of the pleats are lined with choanocytes, which connect to the outer pockets of the pleats by ostia. This increase in the number of choanocytes and hence in pumping capacity enables syconoid sponges to grow up to a few centimeters in diameter
Wikipedia:Sea_sponge
leuconoid sponge
2011-04-22T07:15:41Z
The "leuconid" pattern boosts pumping capacity further by filling the interior almost completely with mesohyl that contains a network of chambers lined with choanocytes and connected to each other and to the water intakes and outlet by tubes. Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 metre (3.3 ft) in diameter, and the fact that growth in any direction increases the number of choanocyte chambers enables them to take a wider range of forms, for example "encrusting" sponges whose shapes follow those of the surfaces to which they attach. All freshwater and most shallow-water marine sponges have leuconid bodies. The networks of water passages in glass sponges are similar to the leuconid structure.
cjm
sponge
The "leuconid" pattern boosts pumping capacity further by filling the interior almost completely with mesohyl that contains a network of chambers lined with choanocytes and connected to each other and to the water intakes and outlet by tubes. Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 metre (3.3 ft) in diameter, and the fact that growth in any direction increases the number of choanocyte chambers enables them to take a wider range of forms, for example "encrusting" sponges whose shapes follow those of the surfaces to which they attach. All freshwater and most shallow-water marine sponges have leuconid bodies. The networks of water passages in glass sponges are similar to the leuconid structure.
Wikipedia:Sea_sponge
spongin
2011-04-22T07:17:56Z
Skeletal substance in Demospongiae made up of collagen microfibrils of ~10 fim diameter[portol]. a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. Spongin gives a sponge its flexibility. True spongin is found only in members of the class Demospongiae
cjm
collagen
sponge
Skeletal substance in Demospongiae made up of collagen microfibrils of ~10 fim diameter[portol]. a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. Spongin gives a sponge its flexibility. True spongin is found only in members of the class Demospongiae
Wikipedia:Spongin
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
calcareous spicule
2011-04-22T07:20:56Z
cjm
sponge
A spicule composed largely of calcite having a radiate form, the number of rays being either two (diactine), three (triactine), or four (tetractine).
siliceous spicule
2011-04-22T07:21:12Z
cjm
sponge
spongin spicule
2011-04-22T07:21:16Z
cjm
sponge
calcium carbonate exoskeleton
2011-04-22T07:22:22Z
cjm
sponge
trab
2011-04-22T07:25:52Z
A trab is structural element within a sponge formed by the fusion of dendroclones. In the Anthaspidellidae, when spicules (usually dendroclones) connect at their tips to form a ladder-like structure, trabs may be formed.[1] Oxeas are sometimes employed in the central rod.[1][2] Trabs have a feather-like structure, or may form rods.[1][3] Trabs are usually regularly spaced, usually at sub-millimetric intervals.[1] Further dendroclones may interconnect adjacent trabs, forming ladder-like structures
cjm
sponge
A trab is structural element within a sponge formed by the fusion of dendroclones. In the Anthaspidellidae, when spicules (usually dendroclones) connect at their tips to form a ladder-like structure, trabs may be formed.[1] Oxeas are sometimes employed in the central rod.[1][2] Trabs have a feather-like structure, or may form rods.[1][3] Trabs are usually regularly spaced, usually at sub-millimetric intervals.[1] Further dendroclones may interconnect adjacent trabs, forming ladder-like structures
Wikipedia:Trab
pore
2011-04-22T07:29:00Z
cjm
sponge
dermal pore
2011-04-22T07:31:20Z
In syconoid sponge, water passes through dermal pores to the incurrent canal and through the prosopyle to the choanocyte-lined radial canal.
cjm
sponge
canal
2011-04-22T07:31:48Z
cjm
sponge
incurrent canal
2011-04-22T07:31:56Z
cjm
sponge
flagellated canal
2011-04-22T07:32:19Z
cjm
sponge
flagellated chamber
2011-04-22T07:32:43Z
cjm
sponge
pinacoderm
2011-04-22T07:33:24Z
The pinacoderm is the outer most layer of cells (pinacocytes) in the phylum Porifera (sponges), similar to the epidermis in other organisms. The pinacocytes are on the external surface of the sponge body and characterized as an epithelial layer of flattened cells.
cjm
compare with: "Surface lined by pinacocytes (ex and en in figure)." [http://www.portol.org/thesaurus]
sponge
The pinacoderm is the outer most layer of cells (pinacocytes) in the phylum Porifera (sponges), similar to the epidermis in other organisms. The pinacocytes are on the external surface of the sponge body and characterized as an epithelial layer of flattened cells.
Wikipedia:Pinacoderm
porocyte
2011-04-22T07:38:18Z
cell that surrounds a pore (ostium). In an asconoid sponge, water enters the sponge through the porocytes, passes directly to the choanocyte-lined spongocoel, and then out of the sponge through the osculum.
cjm
sponge
UBERON:cjm
cell that surrounds a pore (ostium). In an asconoid sponge, water enters the sponge through the porocytes, passes directly to the choanocyte-lined spongocoel, and then out of the sponge through the osculum.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spicule ray
2011-04-22T08:23:20Z
cjm
sponge
apopyle
2011-04-22T08:45:54Z
a pore in each of the saclike chambers formed by the evagination of the body wall, through which water passes into the excurrent canals.
cjm
sponge
a pore in each of the saclike chambers formed by the evagination of the body wall, through which water passes into the excurrent canals.
http:dictionary.reference.com/browse/apopyle
crystal
silicate crystal
spicule crystal
sponge
arrangement of spicules
sponge
arrangement of megascleres
sponge
microsclere
Small spicule, often ornate in shape.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Small spicule, often ornate in shape.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
megasclere
A large spicules, visible to the naked eye.
sponge
A large spicules, visible to the naked eye.
Wikipedia:Sponge_spicule
obsolete primary skeleton
sponge
true
smoking
Massive release of gametes.
Reproduction
sponge
Massive release of gametes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spined
PATO:0001365
Prefix meaning spined, as in acanthostyle or acanthomicrorhabd
Spicules of Demospongiae
echinate
sponge
UBERON:cjm
echinate
Prefix meaning spined, as in acanthostyle or acanthomicrorhabd
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
acanthophore
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicule having two to six stout spined rays, typically surrounding the point of insertion of the root tuft in Hyalonema species.
sponge
Spicule having two to six stout spined rays, typically surrounding the point of insertion of the root tuft in Hyalonema species.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
accessory spicule
A megasclere echinating the primary skeleton. See ECHINATING SPICULE.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A megasclere echinating the primary skeleton. See ECHINATING SPICULE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
accretive reticulation
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Regularly anisotropic reticulation with ascending (primary and radial) fibers or tracts and interconnecting fibers or tracts about equal in thickness
sponge
Regularly anisotropic reticulation with ascending (primary and radial) fibers or tracts and interconnecting fibers or tracts about equal in thickness
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
acerate spicule
Pointed like a needle; adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Pointed like a needle; adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
actine ray
A centered ray containing an axis or axial canal. See also CLAD.
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
ray
sponge
A centered ray containing an axis or axial canal. See also CLAD.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
actinocyte
Cytology
Elongated contractile cell often grouped in sphincter- like structure around the osculum, below the sieve- plates, and around the large exhalant canals. Characterized by numerous filaments of actin within their cytoplasm. New term for the contractile cell (ac in figure).
contractile cell
myocyte
sponge
Elongated contractile cell often grouped in sphincter- like structure around the osculum, below the sieve- plates, and around the large exhalant canals. Characterized by numerous filaments of actin within their cytoplasm. New term for the contractile cell (ac in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
agglutinated support
Creating substrate or support by cementing together a mixture of foreign material, such as sand, shell, or rock.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Creating substrate or support by cementing together a mixture of foreign material, such as sand, shell, or rock.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ala
One of the thin, wing-like or spatulate structures in each recurved portion of a chela. The anterior ala is the one facing the shaft; others are lateral alae. See CHELA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
One of the thin, wing-like or spatulate structures in each recurved portion of a chela. The anterior ala is the one facing the shaft; others are lateral alae. See CHELA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
alveolate skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton arranged around choanosomal cavities
sponge
Skeleton arranged around choanosomal cavities
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amararhysis
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Paleontological term for longitudinal, tunnellike canal opening to the exhalant surface by slit-like apertures.
sponge
Paleontological term for longitudinal, tunnellike canal opening to the exhalant surface by slit-like apertures.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ambucinate
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Diactin with spines recurved toward the center
sponge
Diactin with spines recurved toward the center
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amorphous
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Without definite shape. To be rejected, vague term. See MASSIVE.
sponge
true
Without definite shape. To be rejected, vague term. See MASSIVE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amphiaster
A microsclere with microspined rays radiating from both ends of a shaft; the rays are shorter than the shaft
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A microsclere with microspined rays radiating from both ends of a shaft; the rays are shorter than the shaft
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amphiblastula
Hollow, ovoid larva, with anterior flagellated and posterior nonflagellated groups of cells; typical of Calcaronea
Reproduction
sponge
Hollow, ovoid larva, with anterior flagellated and posterior nonflagellated groups of cells; typical of Calcaronea
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amphidisc
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Dumbbell-shaped microsclere with ends developed into umbel-like expansions. Three size classes, termed macramphidisc, mesamphidisc, micramphidisc
sponge
Dumbbell-shaped microsclere with ends developed into umbel-like expansions. Three size classes, termed macramphidisc, mesamphidisc, micramphidisc
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amphitriaene
2
A double triaene with a short rhabd bearing two opposed cladomes
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A double triaene with a short rhabd bearing two opposed cladomes
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
amphitrider
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
Tetraclone resembling an amphitriaene.
sponge
Tetraclone resembling an amphitriaene.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anastomosing
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Tracts, lines, or fibers are interconnected
reticulate
sponge
Tracts, lines, or fibers are interconnected
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
reticulate
anatriaene
A triaene in which the clads are sharply curved backward
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the clads are sharply curved backward
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anaxial desma
Desma without central axis.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Desma without central axis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anchor
Anchor-like spicule, protruding free from the basal part of the sponge; derived from diactine, triactine, or tetractine spicules, with terminal rays or spines, curved in the proximal direction along the main ray
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
sponge
Anchor-like spicule, protruding free from the basal part of the sponge; derived from diactine, triactine, or tetractine spicules, with terminal rays or spines, curved in the proximal direction along the main ray
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anchorate chela
An isochela with three or more free alae (at each end) in the form of recurved processes shaped like anchor claws (unguiferous) or anchor blades (spatuliferous); with two incipient lateral alae fused with the shaft over their entire length and a gently curved, not abruptly arched shaft. An anchorate chela with three teeth is called a tridendate chela.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An isochela with three or more free alae (at each end) in the form of recurved processes shaped like anchor claws (unguiferous) or anchor blades (spatuliferous); with two incipient lateral alae fused with the shaft over their entire length and a gently curved, not abruptly arched shaft. An anchorate chela with three teeth is called a tridendate chela.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
angulate spicule
Sharply bent; referring to overall spicule shape, as in oxea or sigmas. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Sharply bent; referring to overall spicule shape, as in oxea or sigmas. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aniso-
PORO:0000126
Prefix meaning unequal; generally referring to the ends of a spicule; see ANISOCHELA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Prefix meaning unequal; generally referring to the ends of a spicule; see ANISOCHELA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anisochela
A chela with unequal ends
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A chela with unequal ends
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anisotropic skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Reticulate skeleton with primary and secondary tracts, lines, or fibers
chalinid skeleton
sponge
Reticulate skeleton with primary and secondary tracts, lines, or fibers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anomoclone
PORO:0000152
PORO:0000538
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
To be rejected. See ASTROCLONE, SPHAEROCLONE.
sponge
true
To be rejected. See ASTROCLONE, SPHAEROCLONE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anterior pole
Pole directed forward when larva is swimming.
Reproduction
sponge
Pole directed forward when larva is swimming.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anthaster
An euaster with tuberculate, denticulate, or spined, sometimes digitate, expansions at the ray tips (Chondrilla grandis)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An euaster with tuberculate, denticulate, or spined, sometimes digitate, expansions at the ray tips (Chondrilla grandis)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
antho-
Prefix meaning thorny.
Spicules of Demospongiae. TODO: request PATO term
sponge
true
Prefix meaning thorny.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
anthosigma
A special form of spiraster (genus Anthosig mella; = Cliona); to be rejected.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
A special form of spiraster (genus Anthosig mella; = Cliona); to be rejected.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aphodal
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects directly with the inhalant canals through prosopyles and with the exhalant canal through an apopyle extended by an aphodus. Only one chamber opens into one aphodus
sponge
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects directly with the inhalant canals through prosopyles and with the exhalant canal through an apopyle extended by an aphodus. Only one chamber opens into one aphodus
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aphodus
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Small exhalant canal leading from the apopyle to an exhalant canal (ap in figure).
sponge
Small exhalant canal leading from the apopyle to an exhalant canal (ap in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apical actine (ray)
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
The fourth actine of a tetractine that is joined to the basal triradiate system
sponge
The fourth actine of a tetractine that is joined to the basal triradiate system
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apochete
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Exhalant canal in fossil sponges.
sponge
Exhalant canal in fossil sponges.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apopinacocyte
Cytology
Endopinacocyte lining the exhalant canal (ai in figure).
sponge
Endopinacocyte lining the exhalant canal (ai in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apopinacoderm
Cytology
Surface lined by apopinacocytes.
sponge
Surface lined by apopinacocytes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apopore
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
To be rejected; in fossil sponges, an opening forming an exit from an apochete (= osculum).
sponge
true
To be rejected; in fossil sponges, an opening forming an exit from an apochete (= osculum).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
apopylar cell
Cell surrounding the apopyle and located between the choanocytes and the apopinacocytes (ay in figure).
Cytology
sponge
Cell surrounding the apopyle and located between the choanocytes and the apopinacocytes (ay in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aporhysis
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
In fossil sponges, canal closed at the outer end (cf. epirhysis).
sponge
In fossil sponges, canal closed at the outer end (cf. epirhysis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aquiferous system
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
The entire water-conducting system between the ostia and the oscula, which comprises the inhalant system, choanocyte chambers, and the exhalant system
sponge
The entire water-conducting system between the ostia and the oscula, which comprises the inhalant system, choanocyte chambers, and the exhalant system
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
arborescent
Erect, branching habit, tree-like in appearance (Axinella polypoides)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Erect, branching habit, tree-like in appearance (Axinella polypoides)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
arcuate chela
An isochela with three free alae and the shaft characteristically curved outward, often bow-shaped.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An isochela with three free alae and the shaft characteristically curved outward, often bow-shaped.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
areolated surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface covered by numerous circular ectosomal areas (Hamigera)
sponge
Surface covered by numerous circular ectosomal areas (Hamigera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
articulate skeleton
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Choanoskeleton composed of several rows of similar spicules
sponge
Choanoskeleton composed of several rows of similar spicules
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
asconoid
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Aquiferous system in which the internal cavity of the sponge is entirely lined by choanocytes
sponge
Aquiferous system in which the internal cavity of the sponge is entirely lined by choanocytes
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aspidaster
An elongate-compressed microsclere in which the numerous rays are fused and end in minute spinose projections (Erylus spp.)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An elongate-compressed microsclere in which the numerous rays are fused and end in minute spinose projections (Erylus spp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
aspidoplumicome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with numerous S-shaped terminal rays whose external curved ends form several successive tiers
sponge
Hexaster with numerous S-shaped terminal rays whose external curved ends form several successive tiers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
astroclone
Desma made up of radiating arms
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Desma made up of radiating arms
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
astrorhiza
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Traces of the excurrent canal system on or within a rigid skeleton that appear as radiating or star-shaped grooves.
sponge
Traces of the excurrent canal system on or within a rigid skeleton that appear as radiating or star-shaped grooves.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
asymmetric megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of a megasclere. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Adjective referring to the extremities of a megasclere. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
atrial skeleton
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Spicules surrounding the atrium.
atrial spicule
atrial spicule/skeleton
gastral
gastral spicule/skeleton
sponge
gastral
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
atrial spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
atrial spicule/skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
gastral spicule/skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
Spicules surrounding the atrium.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
autodermalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Dermalia belonging wholly or at least primarily to the outer bounding skin, without actin protruding inside the sponge body
sponge
Dermalia belonging wholly or at least primarily to the outer bounding skin, without actin protruding inside the sponge body
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
autogastralia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Gastralia with one actin protruding into the atrium
sponge
Gastralia with one actin protruding into the atrium
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
axial filament
Spicules of Demospongiae
The organic core around which a siliceous spicule is organized.
sponge
The organic core around which a siliceous spicule is organized.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
axial skeleton
A type of skeletal organization in which some components are condensed to form a central region or axis
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A type of skeletal organization in which some components are condensed to form a central region or axis
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
axinellid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Structure with a dense core of parallel fibers or strands fanning out toward the periphery of a sponge See also PLUMOSE or PLUMORETICULATE.
sponge
Structure with a dense core of parallel fibers or strands fanning out toward the periphery of a sponge See also PLUMOSE or PLUMORETICULATE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
bacteriocyte
Cell containing prokaryotic microsymbionts
Cytology
sponge
Cell containing prokaryotic microsymbionts
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
bark
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
The dense area of compacted spongin surrounding the central zone in pithed fibers
sponge
The dense area of compacted spongin surrounding the central zone in pithed fibers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
basal spongin plate
A spongin layer covering the substratum
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
basal lamina
sponge
A spongin layer covering the substratum
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
basal triradiate system
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
The three rays of a tetractine that correspond to those of a triactine
sponge
The three rays of a tetractine that correspond to those of a triactine
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
basalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules protruding from lower sponge surface; sometimes called root spicules, anchors, barbed basalia; in some species, forming a root tuft
sponge
root spicule
anchor
barbed basalia
Spicules protruding from lower sponge surface; sometimes called root spicules, anchors, barbed basalia; in some species, forming a root tuft
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
basidictyonal plate
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Rigid basal skeletal framework.
sponge
Rigid basal skeletal framework.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
basopinacocyte
Cytology
Pinacocyte affixing the sponge to the substratum by external secretion of a collagenous matrix (bs in figure).
sponge
Pinacocyte affixing the sponge to the substratum by external secretion of a collagenous matrix (bs in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
bipocillum
A modified anisochela with fused alae connected by a short curved shaft (genus Iophon)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A modified anisochela with fused alae connected by a short curved shaft (genus Iophon)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
birotula
A type of microsclere with a straight shaft and umbrella-shaped ends
Spicules of Demospongiae
amphidisc
sponge
A type of microsclere with a straight shaft and umbrella-shaped ends
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
blastula
Reproduction
Term to be rejected. See COELOBLASTULA.
sponge
true
Term to be rejected. See COELOBLASTULA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
blunt megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
bouquet
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Ectosomal brush of spicules perpendicular to the surface of the sponge, with pointed ends outward.
sponge
Ectosomal brush of spicules perpendicular to the surface of the sponge, with pointed ends outward.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
brachyome
Shortened arm of a trider.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Shortened arm of a trider.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
branching
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Spreading out in branches (see also ARBORESCENT and REPENT).
sponge
Spreading out in branches (see also ARBORESCENT and REPENT).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
bud
An asexual reproductive body composed of various types of cells (e.g., Tethya spp., Axinella damicornis).
Reproduction
sponge
An asexual reproductive body composed of various types of cells (e.g., Tethya spp., Axinella damicornis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
calcareous tripod
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Regular triactine whose center is not in the same plane as the extremities of the recurved rays.
sponge
Regular triactine whose center is not in the same plane as the extremities of the recurved rays.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
caliculate
Cup shaped (Poterion neptuni)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
cup shaped
sponge
Cup shaped (Poterion neptuni)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
calthrop
Equiangular tetraxon with equal rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Equiangular tetraxon with equal rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
calycocome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with stout main rays and with terminal rays directed outward
sponge
Hexaster with stout main rays and with terminal rays directed outward
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
canalaria
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules lining canals
sponge
Spicules lining canals
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
candelabrum
A special form of lophocalthrop characterized by branching, multispined rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A special form of lophocalthrop characterized by branching, multispined rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
canonochela
Modified, ellipsoid isochela with wing-like extensions on one (the bottom) side (genus Cercidochela)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Modified, ellipsoid isochela with wing-like extensions on one (the bottom) side (genus Cercidochela)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
carrier cell
Modified choanocyte that transports a captured spermatozoid to an oocyte
Reproduction
sponge
Modified choanocyte that transports a captured spermatozoid to an oocyte
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cellules en croix
Nonflagellated cells arranged in tetraradial fashion in the amphiblastula of Calcaronea
Reproduction
sponge
Nonflagellated cells arranged in tetraradial fashion in the amphiblastula of Calcaronea
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cemented spicule
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Interlocked or adjacent spicules firmly linked by calcareous cement; the cement may be restricted to the junction area or may progressively encase the entire spicule
fused spicule
sponge
Interlocked or adjacent spicules firmly linked by calcareous cement; the cement may be restricted to the junction area or may progressively encase the entire spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spicule center
3
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Point of union of the three rays of a triactine or of a basal triradiate system.
sponge
center
centrum
Point of union of the three rays of a triactine or of a basal triradiate system.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
central cell
Cytology
Single cell located at the apopyle of choanocyte chambers
sponge
Single cell located at the apopyle of choanocyte chambers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
centrotriaene
A triaene with three clads and two small rhabds (genus Triptolemus)
Spicules of Demospongiae. Editors note: Definition inconsistent with parent?
sponge
A triaene with three clads and two small rhabds (genus Triptolemus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
centrotylote
Spicule with a median tyle (globular swelling). See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Spicule with a median tyle (globular swelling). See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
chela
A microsclere with a curved shaft and recurved ala at each end.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A microsclere with a curved shaft and recurved ala at each end.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
chiactine
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Tetractine with the unpaired ray of the basal system and the apical ray in the same alignment
sponge
Tetractine with the unpaired ray of the basal system and the apical ray in the same alignment
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
chiastoclone
Dendroclone with a very short central shaft.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Dendroclone with a very short central shaft.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
chiastosigma
Microsclere composed of two crossed sigmas (genus Chiastosia)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Microsclere composed of two crossed sigmas (genus Chiastosia)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanoblast
Cell that buds anucleate outgrowth called COLLAR BODY; in Hexactinellida
Cytology
sponge
Cell that buds anucleate outgrowth called COLLAR BODY; in Hexactinellida
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanochamber
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Hexactinellida equivalent of the choanocyte chambers of Demospongiae and Calcarea.
flagellated chamber
sponge
flagellated chamber
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
Hexactinellida equivalent of the choanocyte chambers of Demospongiae and Calcarea.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanoderm
Cytology
Surface lined by choanocytes.
sponge
Surface lined by choanocytes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanoskeleton
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Skeleton of the part of the sponge that contains choanocytes
sponge
Skeleton of the part of the sponge that contains choanocytes
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanosomal skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton of the main body, supporting the canal system and responsible for the form of the sponge.
endosomal skeleton
main skeleton
primary skeleton
principal skeleton
sponge
Skeleton of the main body, supporting the canal system and responsible for the form of the sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choanosome
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
The internal region of a sponge, including the choanocyte chambers.
sponge
endosome
The internal region of a sponge, including the choanocyte chambers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
choristid megasclere arrangement
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Predominantly radiate, occasionally confused arrangement of megascleres including triaenes with cladome outward, lacking spongin, and commonly with a cortex.
astrophorid
choristid
sponge
choristid
astrophorid
Predominantly radiate, occasionally confused arrangement of megascleres including triaenes with cladome outward, lacking spongin, and commonly with a cortex.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cinctoblastula
Hollow larva, entirely flagellated, with a central ring of pigmented cells; typical of Homoscleromorpha
Reproduction
sponge
Hollow larva, entirely flagellated, with a central ring of pigmented cells; typical of Homoscleromorpha
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clad
Any ray or axial branch containing an axis or axial canal confluent with that of the protoclad or protorhabd in any type of spicule; term chiefly used in triaene spicules.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Any ray or axial branch containing an axis or axial canal confluent with that of the protoclad or protorhabd in any type of spicule; term chiefly used in triaene spicules.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cladome
Spicules of Demospongiae
The clads of a triaene or triaene-derivative spicule.
sponge
The clads of a triaene or triaene-derivative spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cladotylote
Monaxon megasclere, one end with knobs, the other with hooks
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Monaxon megasclere, one end with knobs, the other with hooks
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clathrate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resembling open latticework (Clathrina coriacea)
sponge
Resembling open latticework (Clathrina coriacea)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clathrate skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Polyhedral arrangement of fibroreticulate sheets
sponge
Polyhedral arrangement of fibroreticulate sheets
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clathriid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Isodictyal or subisodictyal arrangement of fibers cored and/or echinated by styles in the family Microcionidae
sponge
Isodictyal or subisodictyal arrangement of fibers cored and/or echinated by styles in the family Microcionidae
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clavate
Club shaped (Rhizaxinella pyrifera)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Club shaped (Rhizaxinella pyrifera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clavidisc microsclere
A ring-shaped microsclere (genus Merlia).
Spicules of Demospongiae
clavidisc
sponge
A ring-shaped microsclere (genus Merlia).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clavidisc
clavule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Sceptrule with one terminal umbel or with terminal anchor teeth
sponge
Sceptrule with one terminal umbel or with terminal anchor teeth
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cleistochela
A chela with the ends (anterior alae) very close to each other (e.g., Clathria echinata)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A chela with the ends (anterior alae) very close to each other (e.g., Clathria echinata)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
clone
Ray-like arm that is entirely anaxial.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Ray-like arm that is entirely anaxial.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
codonhexactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Discohexactin with long, dendate, umbel-like structures
sponge
Discohexactin with long, dendate, umbel-like structures
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
coeloblastula
Hollow larva composed of an envelope of morphologically similar equipotent cells, to which a few larger nonflagellated cells may be added at the posterior pole.
Reproduction
blastula
sponge
blastula
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
Hollow larva composed of an envelope of morphologically similar equipotent cells, to which a few larger nonflagellated cells may be added at the posterior pole.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
coenosteum
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Term for cnidarians, used for the solid skeleton in stromatoporoids; to be rejected for sponges in favor of rigid calcareous skeleton.
sponge
true
Term for cnidarians, used for the solid skeleton in stromatoporoids; to be rejected for sponges in favor of rigid calcareous skeleton.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
collagen fascicle
A dense band of intercellular collagen fibrils, which has a skeletal role in some sponges (e.g., genus Chondrosia)
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A dense band of intercellular collagen fibrils, which has a skeletal role in some sponges (e.g., genus Chondrosia)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
collar body
Anucleate choanocyte in hexactinellids.
Cytology
sponge
Anucleate choanocyte in hexactinellids.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
collencyte
Cell with branching pseudopods/cytoplasmic strands, involved in the secretion of collagen (co in figure).
Cytology
sponge
collenocyte
Cell with branching pseudopods/cytoplasmic strands, involved in the secretion of collagen (co in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
column
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Radial skeletal element in stromatoporoids, with a greater degree of continuity and larger than PILLARS.
sponge
Radial skeletal element in stromatoporoids, with a greater degree of continuity and larger than PILLARS.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
columnar
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Shape of solid, erect cylinder (Petrosia capsa)
sponge
Shape of solid, erect cylinder (Petrosia capsa)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
comitalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Parenchymalia located close and parallel to principalia
sponge
Parenchymalia located close and parallel to principalia
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
comma
A curved microstyle
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
A curved microstyle
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
compound fiber
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Several fibers merged or intricately interconnected
fasciculate fiber
fibrofascicle
sponge
trellised fiber
Several fibers merged or intricately interconnected
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
compressible
Easily squeezed.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Easily squeezed.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
confused skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Irregularly positioned megascleres.
sponge
Irregularly positioned megascleres.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
conical megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
abruptly pointed
conical
sponge
conical
abruptly pointed
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
conulose surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with numerous cone-shaped projections raised up by underlying skeleton (Dysidea sp.)
sponge
Surface with numerous cone-shaped projections raised up by underlying skeleton (Dysidea sp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
corallite (= calyx)
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
In cnidarians, term for the external skeleton of a polyp; to be rejected for sponges in favor of PSEUDOCALYX.
sponge
true
In cnidarians, term for the external skeleton of a polyp; to be rejected for sponges in favor of PSEUDOCALYX.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cored fiber
A fiber that incorporates indigenous spicules or foreign material (spicules and sediment); coring may be light and limited to a central axis or may fill in the whole fiber
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A fiber that incorporates indigenous spicules or foreign material (spicules and sediment); coring may be light and limited to a central axis or may fill in the whole fiber
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
corrugated surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with alternating parallel ridges and grooves (Callyspongia plicifera)
sponge
Surface with alternating parallel ridges and grooves (Callyspongia plicifera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cortex
A superficial region of a sponge reinforced by a special organic or inorganic skeleton
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
crust
sponge
A superficial region of a sponge reinforced by a special organic or inorganic skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cortical skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Ectosomal skeleton reinforced by a layer of special skeleton elements.
sponge
Ectosomal skeleton reinforced by a layer of special skeleton elements.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cortical spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Spicule or skeleton of the external layer or cortex of the sponge
dermal spicule/skeleton
sponge
dermal spicule/skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
Spicule or skeleton of the external layer or cortex of the sponge
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
crateriform
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Massive shape, with a broad base and large central depression (Xestospongia muta).
sponge
Massive shape, with a broad base and large central depression (Xestospongia muta).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
crepis
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
The fundamental, inceptional body of a desma before it is modified by deposition of multiple layers of silica. A monocrepid desma develops from a monaxon spicule that is recognized by a straight, undivided axial thread (canal); a tetracrepid desma is based on a tetraxon spicule with a four-rayed axial thread (a small calthrops; see bottom of figure); an acrepid desma is based on a polyaxon fundamental structure lacking axial threads.
acrepis
monocrepid
sponge
tetracrepid
The fundamental, inceptional body of a desma before it is modified by deposition of multiple layers of silica. A monocrepid desma develops from a monaxon spicule that is recognized by a straight, undivided axial thread (canal); a tetracrepid desma is based on a tetraxon spicule with a four-rayed axial thread (a small calthrops; see bottom of figure); an acrepid desma is based on a polyaxon fundamental structure lacking axial threads.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cri-
Prefix indicating spiral or annulate ornamentation, as in cricalthrop (genus Sphinctrella)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Prefix indicating spiral or annulate ornamentation, as in cricalthrop (genus Sphinctrella)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
croca
A J-shaped microsclere
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A J-shaped microsclere
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
crypt tissue
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Masses of thesocyte-like cells lodged within the basal crypts (chambers) of the calcareous skeleton (see ct in figure).
sponge
Masses of thesocyte-like cells lodged within the basal crypts (chambers) of the calcareous skeleton (see ct in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
crystal ultrastructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Organization of the skeletal crystals observed after special preparation showing the relationship between organic and mineral phases.
sponge
Organization of the skeletal crystals observed after special preparation showing the relationship between organic and mineral phases.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
curved
Referring to spicule shape (may be symmetrical or asymmetrical). See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Referring to spicule shape (may be symmetrical or asymmetrical). See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cuticle
A spongin layer covering the surface or a part of the surface of a sponge.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A spongin layer covering the surface or a part of the surface of a sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cyrtancistra
A sigma with semilanceolated extremities (genus Pozziella)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A sigma with semilanceolated extremities (genus Pozziella)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
cystencyte
Cell with a single large vesicle containing amorphous material identified as polysaccharide and occupying most of the cell volume
Cytology
sponge
Cell with a single large vesicle containing amorphous material identified as polysaccharide and occupying most of the cell volume
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dendritic
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
To be rejected for habit (term used as a descriptor of skeleton, see "Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae").
sponge
true
To be rejected for habit (term used as a descriptor of skeleton, see "Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae").
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dendritic skeleton
A skeleton consisting of single or ramifying fibers or tracts that branch but rarely anastomose (tree-like branching)
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A skeleton consisting of single or ramifying fibers or tracts that branch but rarely anastomose (tree-like branching)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dendroclone
Desma with branched ends or tetracladine, amphitrider-like; always positioned perpendicular to skeletal fibers.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Desma with branched ends or tetracladine, amphitrider-like; always positioned perpendicular to skeletal fibers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dendroreticulate fiber skeleton
Ambiguous, to be rejected.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Ambiguous, to be rejected.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dermalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules of the external sponge surface. See AUTODERMALIA, HYPODERMALIA
sponge
Spicules of the external sponge surface. See AUTODERMALIA, HYPODERMALIA
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
desma
A typical interlocked megasclere with hypertrophic terminal secretion of silica.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
desmome
desmone
desmone megasclere
sponge
A typical interlocked megasclere with hypertrophic terminal secretion of silica.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
deuteroclad
An actinal branch or a distal, branched portion of a ray. See DICHOTRIAENE.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An actinal branch or a distal, branched portion of a ray. See DICHOTRIAENE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diactin
2
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Megascleres with two rays and frequently with central swellings indicating the hexactin origin.
sponge
Megascleres with two rays and frequently with central swellings indicating the hexactin origin.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diactine
2
2
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Megasclere with two actines (two rays or two points)
sponge
diact
Megasclere with two actines (two rays or two points)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diaene
2
Reduced triaene with two clads
Spicules of Demospongiae. Editors note: we use the variant_of relation here to avoid inconsistency
sponge
Reduced triaene with two clads
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diancistra
A microsclere with hooked, knife-shaped ends, notched where they join the shaft and in the middle of the shaft (genus Hamacantha)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A microsclere with hooked, knife-shaped ends, notched where they join the shaft and in the middle of the shaft (genus Hamacantha)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diapason
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Sagittal triactine with parallel paired rays
sponge
tuning-fork spicule
Sagittal triactine with parallel paired rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diarhysis
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
In fossil sponges, radial canal in the honeycomb- like skeleton of Aphrocallistidae.
sponge
In fossil sponges, radial canal in the honeycomb- like skeleton of Aphrocallistidae.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dichotriaene
An ortho or plagiotriaene in which the clads are bifurcate
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An ortho or plagiotriaene in which the clads are bifurcate
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dicranoclone
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
Tuberculate monaxial desma, arch shaped, tripodal, tetrapodal, or rarely polygonal; zygomes are terminal, like those of the tetraclone.
sponge
Tuberculate monaxial desma, arch shaped, tripodal, tetrapodal, or rarely polygonal; zygomes are terminal, like those of the tetraclone.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dictyonal skeleton (= dictyonine)
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Three-dimensional network of fused, regular hexactins
sponge
Three-dimensional network of fused, regular hexactins
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dictyonalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules fused into a rigid framework.
sponge
Spicules fused into a rigid framework.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
didiscorhabd
Microxea or microstrongyle ornamented by two discs along the shaft (genus Didiscus)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Microxea or microstrongyle ornamented by two discs along the shaft (genus Didiscus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
digitate
Deeply divided, finger-like outgrowths from basal mass (Halichondria bowerbanki)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Deeply divided, finger-like outgrowths from basal mass (Halichondria bowerbanki)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diod spicule
Any diactine spicule with a central double-bent kink
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Any diactine spicule with a central double-bent kink
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diplaster
An astrose microsclere in which the rays or spines radiate from two, slightly distant, points
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An astrose microsclere in which the rays or spines radiate from two, slightly distant, points
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
diplodal
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects with the inhalant canals through a canaliculum called the prosodus and with the excurrent canal through an apopyle extended by an aphodus
sponge
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects with the inhalant canals through a canaliculum called the prosodus and with the excurrent canal through an apopyle extended by an aphodus
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discaster
A collective term for DISCORHABD and SCEPTRUM; to be rejected.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
A collective term for DISCORHABD and SCEPTRUM; to be rejected.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
dischela
A modified isochela whose disc-shaped alae are very close to each other and connected on their margins by two extremely reduced shafts (genus Coelodischela)
Spicules of Demospongiae
coelodischela
sponge
A modified isochela whose disc-shaped alae are very close to each other and connected on their margins by two extremely reduced shafts (genus Coelodischela)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discoctaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Octaster with terminal rays ending in umbel-like disks
sponge
Octaster with terminal rays ending in umbel-like disks
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discohexactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexactin with rays terminating in dentate, umbel-like structures
sponge
Hexactin with rays terminating in dentate, umbel-like structures
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discohexaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with dentate, umbel-like terminal rays.
sponge
Hexaster with dentate, umbel-like terminal rays.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discorhabd
A rod-shaped microsclere with several smooth or serrated discs along the shaft (genera Latrunculia, Podospongia, Sceptrinus)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
sceptrum
A rod-shaped microsclere with several smooth or serrated discs along the shaft (genera Latrunculia, Podospongia, Sceptrinus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
discotriaene
A triaene with a disc-shaped cladome. The single clads may be distinguished by the presence of short axial canals (genus Discodermia)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene with a disc-shaped cladome. The single clads may be distinguished by the presence of short axial canals (genus Discodermia)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
drepanocome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with sickle-like terminations (genus Dictyaulus)
sponge
Hexaster with sickle-like terminations (genus Dictyaulus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
echinating spicule
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Megasclere that protrudes from the spon gin plate, a fiber, or a spicule tract
sponge
Megasclere that protrudes from the spon gin plate, a fiber, or a spicule tract
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ectochrote
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Outer layer of the cortex
sponge
Outer layer of the cortex
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ectosomal skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton found in the superficial region of a sponge, distinct from that of the choanosome.
dermal skeleton
ectosomal crust
sponge
Skeleton found in the superficial region of a sponge, distinct from that of the choanosome.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ectosome
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
The superficial region of a sponge that has no choanocyte chambers.
sponge
The superficial region of a sponge that has no choanocyte chambers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
elastic
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resilient.
sponge
Resilient.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
encrusted substrate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Thin, sheet-like coating of the substrate (Hymedesmia spp.)
sponge
Thin, sheet-like coating of the substrate (Hymedesmia spp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
endolithic
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Occupying cavities in hard substrata (see also EXCAVATING).
sponge
Occupying cavities in hard substrata (see also EXCAVATING).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
endopinacocyte
Cytology
Pinacocyte lining the inhalant and exhalant canals. In some Demospongiae orders, it has a flagellum (en in figure).
sponge
Pinacocyte lining the inhalant and exhalant canals. In some Demospongiae orders, it has a flagellum (en in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
endopinacoderm
Cytology
Surface lined by endopinacocytes.
sponge
Surface lined by endopinacocytes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
endopsammic
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Main part of body buried in sand (Oceanapia peltata)
sponge
Main part of body buried in sand (Oceanapia peltata)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
entrapped spicules
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Calcareous or siliceous spicules that are not part of the primary spicule framework but are progressively enclosed within a solid skeleton during growth
sponge
Calcareous or siliceous spicules that are not part of the primary spicule framework but are progressively enclosed within a solid skeleton during growth
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
eosinophilic cell
Cell with inclusions that react positively with eosine.
Cytology
sponge
Cell with inclusions that react positively with eosine.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
epirhabd
Part of the developed desma formed by the deposition of concentric layers immediately around the crepis.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Part of the developed desma formed by the deposition of concentric layers immediately around the crepis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
epirhysis
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
In fossil sponges, canal closed at inner end (cf. aporhysis).
sponge
In fossil sponges, canal closed at inner end (cf. aporhysis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
epitheca
A thin, wrinkled, calcareous layer, different in structure from the normal skeleton, covering the dead basal part of a rigid calcareous skeleton
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
sponge
A thin, wrinkled, calcareous layer, different in structure from the normal skeleton, covering the dead basal part of a rigid calcareous skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
equal megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae. Editors note: merge with Oxea?
equal
sponge
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
equal
erect
General term for having a vertical (away from substrate) growth strategy.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
General term for having a vertical (away from substrate) growth strategy.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
euaster
A collective term for astrose microscleres in which the rays radiate from a central point
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A collective term for astrose microscleres in which the rays radiate from a central point
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
eurypylous
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects directly with the inhalant canals through prosopyles and with the excurrent canal through an apopyle. There is no special canal after the apopyle, and several chambers open into the same exhalant canal
sponge
Type of choanocyte chamber that connects directly with the inhalant canals through prosopyles and with the excurrent canal through an apopyle. There is no special canal after the apopyle, and several chambers open into the same exhalant canal
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
excavating
Living in galleries or cavities bored into limestone or other calcareous materials (species of Cliona, Thoosa, Aka)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
boring
burrowing
perforating
sponge
Living in galleries or cavities bored into limestone or other calcareous materials (species of Cliona, Thoosa, Aka)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
exhalant canal
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Any canal forming part of the exhalant system, lined by the apopinacoderm.
sponge
Any canal forming part of the exhalant system, lined by the apopinacoderm.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
exhalant system
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Part of the aquiferous system between the apopyle and oscule
sponge
Part of the aquiferous system between the apopyle and oscule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
exopinacocyte
Cytology
Fusiform or T-shaped pinacocyte covering the free surface of a sponge. In exceptional cases, it has a flagellum (Homoscleromorpha) (ex in figure).
sponge
Fusiform or T-shaped pinacocyte covering the free surface of a sponge. In exceptional cases, it has a flagellum (Homoscleromorpha) (ex in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
exotyle
Spicules of Demospongiae
Styles or tylostyles with enlarged or omated distal end, projecting from the sponge surface
sponge
Styles or tylostyles with enlarged or omated distal end, projecting from the sponge surface
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
extra-axial skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Structurally distinct skeleton arising from or surrounding an axial region
sponge
Structurally distinct skeleton arising from or surrounding an axial region
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
facial plane
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
The plane passing through tips of the three rays of a triactine or of a basal triradiate system of a tetractine.
sponge
The plane passing through tips of the three rays of a triactine or of a basal triradiate system of a tetractine.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fascicular fibrous microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Crystal fibers fanning outward and radiating upward. In the penicillate type (e.g., Ceratoporella), crystal fibers are feebly divergent; in the water-jet type (e.g., Merlia), crystal fibers progressively fan outward around the growth axis; in the trabecular type (cnidarian, unknown in sponges), the crystal fibers are symmetrically arranged around the growth axis and axial fibers are absent
penicillate
sponge
trabecular
water jet
Crystal fibers fanning outward and radiating upward. In the penicillate type (e.g., Ceratoporella), crystal fibers are feebly divergent; in the water-jet type (e.g., Merlia), crystal fibers progressively fan outward around the growth axis; in the trabecular type (cnidarian, unknown in sponges), the crystal fibers are symmetrically arranged around the growth axis and axial fibers are absent
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fiber
A column (strand, thread) of spongin forming a reticulate or dendritic skeleton, with or without indige nous spicules or foreign material.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
fibre
sponge
A column (strand, thread) of spongin forming a reticulate or dendritic skeleton, with or without indige nous spicules or foreign material.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fibroreticulate
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Forming a net composed of fibers.
sponge
Forming a net composed of fibers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fibule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Microsclere consisting of two bent rays derived from greatly reduced oxyhexaster (in Holascus fibulatus)
sponge
Microsclere consisting of two bent rays derived from greatly reduced oxyhexaster (in Holascus fibulatus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ficiform
Fig shaped (Petrosia ficiformis)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
pyriform
sponge
Fig shaped (Petrosia ficiformis)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
filling (tissue) structure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Secondary calcareous skeleton that partitions or fills abandoned parts of the skeleton.
sponge
Secondary calcareous skeleton that partitions or fills abandoned parts of the skeleton.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fimbria
Narrow structure, similar to an ala, flanking the shaft of an anchorate chela
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Narrow structure, similar to an ala, flanking the shaft of an anchorate chela
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
firm
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Solid, requires considerable pressure to deform sponge (species of Chondrosia).
sponge
Solid, requires considerable pressure to deform sponge (species of Chondrosia).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fistule
A tube-like protuberance projecting from the sponge surface. See also PAPILLA
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
sponge
A tube-like protuberance projecting from the sponge surface. See also PAPILLA
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fistulose
Bearing fistules (Coelosphaera hechteli).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Bearing fistules (Coelosphaera hechteli).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
flabellate
Fan shaped (Phakellia ventilabrum)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Fan shaped (Phakellia ventilabrum)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
flagellated chamber
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
PORO:0000197
PORO:0000199
To be rejected. See CHOANOCYTE CHAMBER and CHOANOCHAMBER.
sponge
true
To be rejected. See CHOANOCYTE CHAMBER and CHOANOCHAMBER.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
flagelliform
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Shaped as a single, very long, erect branch (Raspailia viminalis)
sponge
Shaped as a single, very long, erect branch (Raspailia viminalis)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
flexuous spicule
Referring to the spicule shape. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sinuous
sponge
sinuous spicule
Referring to the spicule shape. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
floricome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Discohexaster with S-shaped terminal rays that end in a plate provided with teeth or claws
sponge
Discohexaster with S-shaped terminal rays that end in a plate provided with teeth or claws
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
foliaceous
In the form of a leaf (Carteriospongia foliacens)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
foliose
sponge
In the form of a leaf (Carteriospongia foliacens)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
follicle cell
Cell in a group surrounding an oocyte
Reproduction
sponge
Cell in a group surrounding an oocyte
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
foramen
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Circular pore in laminae connecting adjoining interlamellar spaces (fo in figure, which also shows cc = choanocyte chamber; ct = crypt tissue; sk = rigid aspicular skeleton; spi = spicule; and ta = tabula).
sponge
Circular pore in laminae connecting adjoining interlamellar spaces (fo in figure, which also shows cc = choanocyte chamber; ct = crypt tissue; sk = rigid aspicular skeleton; spi = spicule; and ta = tabula).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
forceps
A U-shaped microsclere
Spicules of Demospongiae
labis
sponge
A U-shaped microsclere
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fragile
Easily broken.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Easily broken.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fragmentation
Breakup of a sponge without concomitant formation of special reproductive bodies.
Reproduction
sponge
Breakup of a sponge without concomitant formation of special reproductive bodies.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
free actine
A ray that projects through the external or the atrial surface.
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A ray that projects through the external or the atrial surface.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
friable
Easily broken, delicate, brittle.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Easily broken, delicate, brittle.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fuchsinophilic cell
Cell with inclusions that react positively with acid fuchsin.
Cytology
sponge
Cell with inclusions that react positively with acid fuchsin.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
fusiform spicule
Shape of a monactin spicule, tapering regularly toward a point. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae. Editors note: merge with oxea?
sponge
Shape of a monactin spicule, tapering regularly toward a point. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
gastralia
All spicules that line the main exhalant cavity. See AUTOGASTRALIA, HYPOGASTRALIA
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
sponge
All spicules that line the main exhalant cavity. See AUTOGASTRALIA, HYPOGASTRALIA
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
gemmule
A resistant asexual reproductive body, composed of a mass of archaeocytes charged with reserves and enclosed in a noncellular protective envelope or coat
Reproduction
sponge
A resistant asexual reproductive body, composed of a mass of archaeocytes charged with reserves and enclosed in a noncellular protective envelope or coat
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
globoferous cell
Cell with a single large globule, a reduced cytoplasm, and a small conical nucleus (Clathriidae)
Cytology
sponge
Cell with a single large globule, a reduced cytoplasm, and a small conical nucleus (Clathriidae)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
globular
Ball shaped, spherical (Tethya aurantium)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Ball shaped, spherical (Tethya aurantium)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
glutinous
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Sticky (Reniera mucosa).
sponge
Sticky (Reniera mucosa).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
glycocyte
Cell with conspicuous dictyosomes, characterized by the presence of glycogen rosettes and osmiophilic inclusions. Also known as gray cell
Cytology
gray cell
sponge
Cell with conspicuous dictyosomes, characterized by the presence of glycogen rosettes and osmiophilic inclusions. Also known as gray cell
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
graphicome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with long, thin, parallel branches forming terminal brushes
sponge
graphihexaster
Hexaster with long, thin, parallel branches forming terminal brushes
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
halichondrioid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Confused skeleton except at the surface; choanosomal skeleton may be in vague tracts
sponge
Confused skeleton except at the surface; choanosomal skeleton may be in vague tracts
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hard
Firm consistency, unyielding to pressure (most lithis tids, species of Petrosia).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Firm consistency, unyielding to pressure (most lithis tids, species of Petrosia).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hastate
Spicule remaining isodiametric for most of its length, with the point or points tapering abruptly. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Spicule remaining isodiametric for most of its length, with the point or points tapering abruptly. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
heloclone
Desma with elongate and usually sinuous shaft, without branches, possibly with small digitations at the ends; the zygomes are lateral notches. An axial canal is usually found along most of the length of the spicule
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Desma with elongate and usually sinuous shaft, without branches, possibly with small digitations at the ends; the zygomes are lateral notches. An axial canal is usually found along most of the length of the spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hemioxyhexaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster in which two opposite rays are longer than the other four; the branched rays are reduced or absent (genus Aphrocallistes)
sponge
Hexaster in which two opposite rays are longer than the other four; the branched rays are reduced or absent (genus Aphrocallistes)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hexactin
6
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Siliceous spicule with six unbranched rays perpendicular to one another.
hexact
sponge
Siliceous spicule with six unbranched rays perpendicular to one another.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hexadisc
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Microhexactin with six actins ending in amphidisclike umbels
sponge
Microhexactin with six actins ending in amphidisclike umbels
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hexaster
6
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Microsclere with six branched rays.
sponge
Microsclere with six branched rays.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hilum
A more or less distinct, funnel-shaped depression in the surface of a STERRASTER, situated on one side in ellipsoidal forms; also occurs in ASPIDASTERS in reduced form, resembling an umbilicus.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A more or less distinct, funnel-shaped depression in the surface of a STERRASTER, situated on one side in ellipsoidal forms; also occurs in ASPIDASTERS in reduced form, resembling an umbilicus.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hispid surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with long and scattered spicular projections (Stelletta spp.)
sponge
Surface with long and scattered spicular projections (Stelletta spp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hispidation
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Spicules projecting through the pinacoderm.
sponge
Spicules projecting through the pinacoderm.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
homogeneous fiber
A fiber without central pith and without conspicuous layers
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A fiber without central pith and without conspicuous layers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
honeycombed surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with polygonal pattern of ridges (Verongula gigantea)
sponge
Surface with polygonal pattern of ridges (Verongula gigantea)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hymedesmioid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton of encrusting sponge where monactine megascleres are arranged singly with heads fixed to a basal plate of spongin and points directed outward
leptoclathriid
leptoclathriid skeleton
sponge
Skeleton of encrusting sponge where monactine megascleres are arranged singly with heads fixed to a basal plate of spongin and points directed outward
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hypodermalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Dermalia with one actin protruding inside the body and the other ones tangential to the external surface
sponge
Dermalia with one actin protruding inside the body and the other ones tangential to the external surface
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
hypogastralia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Gastralia with one actin protruding inward, the other ones oriented tangentially to the atrium
sponge
Gastralia with one actin protruding inward, the other ones oriented tangentially to the atrium
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
inarticulate skeleton
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Choanoskeleton composed only of the unpaired rays of the subatrial spicules and of one of the rays of the cortical or subcortical spicules. Without specific spicules of the choanoskeleton
sponge
Choanoskeleton composed only of the unpaired rays of the subatrial spicules and of one of the rays of the cortical or subcortical spicules. Without specific spicules of the choanoskeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
incompressible
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Not easily squeezed.
sponge
Not easily squeezed.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
infundibuliform
Funnel shaped (Callyspongia plicifera)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Funnel shaped (Callyspongia plicifera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
inhalant canal
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Any canal forming part of the inhalant system and lined by the prosopinacoderm.
sponge
Any canal forming part of the inhalant system and lined by the prosopinacoderm.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
inhalant system
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Part of the aquiferous system between ostia and prosopyle.
sponge
Part of the aquiferous system between ostia and prosopyle.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
intermedia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Parenchymalia situated among the principalia or dictyonalia
sponge
Parenchymalia situated among the principalia or dictyonalia
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
interstitial spicule
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Free choanosomal spicule not included in tracts or fibers, common in subectosomal skeleton
auxiliary spicule
sponge
Free choanosomal spicule not included in tracts or fibers, common in subectosomal skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
intracellular pore
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
PORO:0000035
Term to be rejected. See PORE.
sponge
true
Term to be rejected. See PORE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
irciniid filament
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Long, slender (0.5-15 urn thick) spongin element, terminally knobbed; intertwined or free in the sponge body
sponge
Long, slender (0.5-15 urn thick) spongin element, terminally knobbed; intertwined or free in the sponge body
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
irregular microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Structure in which tangled crystal fibers have no preferred orientation (e.g., genus Vaceletia). Shape and nature of the crystal fiber may be diverse
felt microstructure
sponge
Structure in which tangled crystal fibers have no preferred orientation (e.g., genus Vaceletia). Shape and nature of the crystal fiber may be diverse
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
iso-
Prefix meaning equal (generally referring to the ends of a spicule).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Prefix meaning equal (generally referring to the ends of a spicule).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
isochela
A chela with equal ends
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A chela with equal ends
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
isodictyal reticulation
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Isotropic reticulation in which the meshes are triangular and have sides one spicule long
sponge
Isotropic reticulation in which the meshes are triangular and have sides one spicule long
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
isotropic reticulation
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Reticulation without differentiation into primary or secondary fibers, tracts, or lines.
sponge
Reticulation without differentiation into primary or secondary fibers, tracts, or lines.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lamellate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Plate-like erect (Phyllospongia lamellosa).
sponge
Plate-like erect (Phyllospongia lamellosa).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lamina
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Calcareous plate in stromatoporoids, perpendicular to radial skeletal components
sponge
Calcareous plate in stromatoporoids, perpendicular to radial skeletal components
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
laminated fiber
A fiber in which concentric layers are visible
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
stratified fiber
A fiber in which concentric layers are visible
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
latilamina
A macroscopic, banded calcareous skeletal plate in stromatoporoids
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
sponge
A macroscopic, banded calcareous skeletal plate in stromatoporoids
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lax (= loose, vague) skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton lacking clear tracts or fibers
sponge
Skeleton lacking clear tracts or fibers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
leuconoid system
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Aquiferous system in which the choanocytes are restricted to discrete choanocyte chambers, which are dispersed in the mesohyl.
sponge
Aquiferous system in which the choanocytes are restricted to discrete choanocyte chambers, which are dispersed in the mesohyl.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
limp
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Soft to the point of collapsing out of water.
sponge
Soft to the point of collapsing out of water.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
line of spicules
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Unispicular tract
sponge
Unispicular tract
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
linked spicules
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Spicules that are interlocked by zygosis, without cement
sponge
Spicules that are interlocked by zygosis, without cement
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lipo-
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Prefix meaning without.
sponge
true
Prefix meaning without.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lipostomous surface
Condition of a surface in which oscula and ostia are inconspicuous (in old descriptions).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Condition of a surface in which oscula and ostia are inconspicuous (in old descriptions).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lithistid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Main skeleton consisting of an interlocked assemblage of desmas
sponge
Main skeleton consisting of an interlocked assemblage of desmas
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lobate
Having rounded projections.
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Having rounded projections.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lobodigitate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
To be rejected (tautology).
sponge
true
To be rejected (tautology).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lophocalthrop
Modified calthrop with one (monoloph), three (triloph), or four (tetraloph) rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Modified calthrop with one (monoloph), three (triloph), or four (tetraloph) rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lophocome (= lophodiscohexaster)
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Discohexaster with short, stout main rays and numerous slender secondary rays
sponge
Discohexaster with short, stout main rays and numerous slender secondary rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lychnisc
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexactin with a center resembling a perforated octohedron; building block of fused (dictyonal) framework called LYCHNISCA (lower two lychnics shown in optical section).
sponge
Hexactin with a center resembling a perforated octohedron; building block of fused (dictyonal) framework called LYCHNISCA (lower two lychnics shown in optical section).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lychnisca
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Dictyonal hexactin framework formed by lychnises
sponge
Dictyonal hexactin framework formed by lychnises
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
lyssacine
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicular framework formed by the juxtaposition and interlacing of elongate rays of hexactins
sponge
Spicular framework formed by the juxtaposition and interlacing of elongate rays of hexactins
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mamelon
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Rounded regular or irregular elevation of the skeleton surface; may or may not show correlation with astrorhizae
sponge
Rounded regular or irregular elevation of the skeleton surface; may or may not show correlation with astrorhizae
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
marginalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Prostalia that project in a wreath-like arrangement from the oscular margin
sponge
Prostalia that project in a wreath-like arrangement from the oscular margin
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
massive
Large, compact structure without definable shape (Spongia officinalis).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Large, compact structure without definable shape (Spongia officinalis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
megaclone
Arch-shaped desma with a short crepis. The zygomes vary from oblique lateral facets to tongue- or hand-like terminal expansions
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Arch-shaped desma with a short crepis. The zygomes vary from oblique lateral facets to tongue- or hand-like terminal expansions
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
megarhizoclone
Nontuberculate dicranoclone desma
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Nontuberculate dicranoclone desma
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mesolamella
Cytology
Sheet of collagen separating the choanochambers of hexactinellids.
sponge
Sheet of collagen separating the choanochambers of hexactinellids.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mesotriaene
A triaene in which the rhabd is extended beyond the cladome
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the rhabd is extended beyond the cladome
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mesotrider
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
Tetraclone with a mesotriaene crepis.
sponge
Tetraclone with a mesotriaene crepis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
metaster
A microsclere with a twisted shaft no longer than the spines; intermediate between plesiaster and spi raster
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A microsclere with a twisted shaft no longer than the spines; intermediate between plesiaster and spi raster
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
micro-
Prefix used for naming microscleres that are similar in shape to megascleres (e.g., microxea, microstyle).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Prefix used for naming microscleres that are similar in shape to megascleres (e.g., microxea, microstyle).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microanchor
A small tetractine anchor (described only from the atrial skeleton).
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A small tetractine anchor (described only from the atrial skeleton).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microcionid
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Structure of microcionid sponges in which spicules project from an elevation of the basal plate of spongin
sponge
Structure of microcionid sponges in which spicules project from an elevation of the basal plate of spongin
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microdiactin spicule
A small diactine spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A small diactine spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microgranular cell
A cell with cytoplasm filled with small dense granules
Cytology
sponge
A cell with cytoplasm filled with small dense granules
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microgranular microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Diverse structure in which small, round elements are scattered
sponge
Diverse structure in which small, round elements are scattered
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microhexactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexactin microsclere.
sponge
Hexactin microsclere.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microholactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Large category of microscleres lacking spines and appendages (Monorhaphis)
holactin
sponge
Large category of microscleres lacking spines and appendages (Monorhaphis)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microlamellar microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Structure in which the crystal fibers are disposed in criss-cross layers, mostly parallel to the surface of the skeleton (e.g., genus Acanthochaetetes)
sponge
Structure in which the crystal fibers are disposed in criss-cross layers, mostly parallel to the surface of the skeleton (e.g., genus Acanthochaetetes)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
micropyle
Opening in the gemmule coat through which cells leave a hatching gemmule (mp in figure).
Reproduction
sponge
Opening in the gemmule coat through which cells leave a hatching gemmule (mp in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microrhabd
A general term for a straight, monaxonic microsclere.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A general term for a straight, monaxonic microsclere.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
The arrangement of crystals that form the skeletal components, as seen without special preparations.
sponge
The arrangement of crystals that form the skeletal components, as seen without special preparations.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
microsymbiont
Cytology
Prokaryotic or more rarely eukaryotic microorganism living inside a sponge. May be unicellular or multicellular filamentous, with or without pigments, and may occur intra- or intercellularly
sponge
Prokaryotic or more rarely eukaryotic microorganism living inside a sponge. May be unicellular or multicellular filamentous, with or without pigments, and may occur intra- or intercellularly
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
monaene
1
1
Reduced triaene with only one clad
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Reduced triaene with only one clad
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
monaxon
Linear, nonradiate spicule, or a spicule type not having more than two rays along one axis.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Linear, nonradiate spicule, or a spicule type not having more than two rays along one axis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mucronate megasclere
Adjective referring to the nipple-like point of a megasclere. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
mucronate
sponge
Adjective referring to the nipple-like point of a megasclere. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
mucronate
multispicular fiber
6
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Fiber or tract composed of six or more spicules adjacent to one another.
multispicular fiber tract
plurispicular
polyserial
polyspicular
sponge
Fiber or tract composed of six or more spicules adjacent to one another.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
needle-like biradiate
A diactine with a hole at one end
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A diactine with a hole at one end
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
node
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Junction of spicule tips cemented by spongin.
sponge
Junction of spicule tips cemented by spongin.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
nurse cell
Cells that are incorporated in developing oocytes to provide nutrient material for further growth
Reproduction
sponge
Cells that are incorporated in developing oocytes to provide nutrient material for further growth
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
octactin
8
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicule with eight rays, generally six in one plane, the other two perpendicular to them.
sponge
Spicule with eight rays, generally six in one plane, the other two perpendicular to them.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
octaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Octactin microsclere with branched rays.
sponge
Octactin microsclere with branched rays.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
olynthus stage
Earliest developmental stage with a functional aquiferous system, with a single choanocyte chamber opening directly into the osculum; typical of some calcareous sponges
Reproduction
sponge
Earliest developmental stage with a functional aquiferous system, with a single choanocyte chamber opening directly into the osculum; typical of some calcareous sponges
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
onychaete
A long, thin, finely spined, asymmetric microsclere
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A long, thin, finely spined, asymmetric microsclere
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
onychaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with terminal rays ending in four actins that are perpendicular to the rays
sponge
onychohexactin
onychohexaster
Hexaster with terminal rays ending in four actins that are perpendicular to the rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
optic axis
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
The crystallographic trigonal axis of the calcite spicule.
sponge
The crystallographic trigonal axis of the calcite spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
orthodiactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Diactin in which the two rays belong to different axes of a triaxon and form an angle of 90 degrees
sponge
Diactin in which the two rays belong to different axes of a triaxon and form an angle of 90 degrees
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
orthogonal microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Microstructure in which the crystal fibers are in perpendicular and radial orientation relative to a central axis
sponge
Microstructure in which the crystal fibers are in perpendicular and radial orientation relative to a central axis
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
orthotriaene
A triaene in which the clads are directed at right angles to the rhabd
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the clads are directed at right angles to the rhabd
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ovate
Egg shaped, ellipsoid (Cinachyrella)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Egg shaped, ellipsoid (Cinachyrella)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oviparity
Mode of reproduction in which embryo develops outside the parent sponge.
Reproduction
sponge
Mode of reproduction in which embryo develops outside the parent sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oxea
Monaxon (diactinal) spicule pointed at both ends (a-m in figure). Different types are distinguished by shape and tip morphology. Shape may be fusiform (a), angulate (b), centrotylote (c), curved (d), or flexuous (e). Tips may be acerate (f), asymmetrical (g), blunt (h), conical (i), hastate (j), mucronate (k), stepped (1), or symmetrical (m).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Monaxon (diactinal) spicule pointed at both ends (a-m in figure). Different types are distinguished by shape and tip morphology. Shape may be fusiform (a), angulate (b), centrotylote (c), curved (d), or flexuous (e). Tips may be acerate (f), asymmetrical (g), blunt (h), conical (i), hastate (j), mucronate (k), stepped (1), or symmetrical (m).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oxy-
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Prefix referring to radiate spicule types with rays gradually tapering to a point.
sponge
true
Prefix referring to radiate spicule types with rays gradually tapering to a point.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oxyaster
An euaster with acerate free rays and a small centrum less than one-third the diameter of the whole spicule)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An euaster with acerate free rays and a small centrum less than one-third the diameter of the whole spicule)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
paired actine
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
One or both equivalent rays of a sagittal spicule.
oral
oral/oscular ray
oscular
sponge
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oral
One or both equivalent rays of a sagittal spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
oscular
palisade
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Perpendicular arrangement of ectosomal spicules, with points directed outward
sponge
Perpendicular arrangement of ectosomal spicules, with points directed outward
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
palmate
Hand shaped (Isodictya palmata)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Hand shaped (Isodictya palmata)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
palmate chela
An iso- or anisochela in which the lateral alae coalesce with the shaft over their entire length, and the single, median, anterior ala (one at each end) stands free and widens distally
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An iso- or anisochela in which the lateral alae coalesce with the shaft over their entire length, and the single, median, anterior ala (one at each end) stands free and widens distally
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
palmodigitate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
To be rejected (tautology).
sponge
true
To be rejected (tautology).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
papilla
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Nipple-like protuberance projecting from the sponge surface and bearing either ostia, oscula, or both.
aquiferous papilla
sponge
Nipple-like protuberance projecting from the sponge surface and bearing either ostia, oscula, or both.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
papillate surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface bearing papillae (Polymastia spp.)
sponge
Surface bearing papillae (Polymastia spp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pappocome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Graphicome-like spicule with diverging terminal rays
sponge
Graphicome-like spicule with diverging terminal rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
parasagittal spicule
Bilaterally symmetrical triactine or tetractine with unequal actines, having equal angles (120 degrees) between the basal rays when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis.
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
secondary sagittal spicule
sponge
Bilaterally symmetrical triactine or tetractine with unequal actines, having equal angles (120 degrees) between the basal rays when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
secondary sagittal spicule
paratangential skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Arrangement of ectosomal spicules intermediate between the palisade and tangential type
sponge
Arrangement of ectosomal spicules intermediate between the palisade and tangential type
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
parchment
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Tangential ectosomal skeleton in which the megascleres are arranged in a tight feltwork
sponge
Tangential ectosomal skeleton in which the megascleres are arranged in a tight feltwork
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
parenchymalia
All spicules in the choanosome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
sponge
All spicules in the choanosome
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
parenchymella
Larva composed of an envelope of flagellated cells surrounding an internal mass of cells
Reproduction
sponge
Larva composed of an envelope of flagellated cells surrounding an internal mass of cells
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
paucispicular fiber
2
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Fiber or tract with two to five megascleres adjacent to one another
paucispicular fiber tract
sponge
Fiber or tract with two to five megascleres adjacent to one another
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pedunculate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Supported by a short stalk containing choanosome (Aplysina pedunculata)
sponge
Supported by a short stalk containing choanosome (Aplysina pedunculata)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pentactin
5
5
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Five-rayed spicule.
pentact
sponge
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pentact
Five-rayed spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
phyllotriaene
A triaene with a leaf-shaped cladome.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene with a leaf-shaped cladome.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pillar
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Radial skeletal component, relatively short compared with COLUMN
sponge
Radial skeletal component, relatively short compared with COLUMN
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pinnate
Feather shaped (Asbestopluma pennatula)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Feather shaped (Asbestopluma pennatula)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pinule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Pentact or hexact spicule with four basal rays and one perpendicular ray ornamented by obliquely set spines directed distally.
sponge
Pentact or hexact spicule with four basal rays and one perpendicular ray ornamented by obliquely set spines directed distally.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pith
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Central area of a fiber made up of more or less diffuse wisps of collagen or of a coarsely granular collagen material. See PITHED FIBER.
sponge
Central area of a fiber made up of more or less diffuse wisps of collagen or of a coarsely granular collagen material. See PITHED FIBER.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pithed fiber
A fiber in which pith is easily distinguished from the surrounding bark.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A fiber in which pith is easily distinguished from the surrounding bark.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
placochela
A special type of isochela with plate-like alae. The alae and the shaft are internally ornamented by radial ridges (genus Guitarra)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A special type of isochela with plate-like alae. The alae and the shaft are internally ornamented by radial ridges (genus Guitarra)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
plagiotriaene
A triaene in which the clads are directed forward and form with the rhabd an angle of about 45 degrees, and may be recurved distally
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the clads are directed forward and form with the rhabd an angle of about 45 degrees, and may be recurved distally
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
platy
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Thickly lamellate, usually in horizontal orientation.
sponge
Thickly lamellate, usually in horizontal orientation.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
plesiaster
A streptaster with a very short shaft (always shorter than the spines)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A streptaster with a very short shaft (always shorter than the spines)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pleuralia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules protruding from lateral surface.
sponge
Spicules protruding from lateral surface.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
plumoreticulate skeleton
A type of plumose skeletal construction in which cross-connections occur
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A type of plumose skeletal construction in which cross-connections occur
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
plumose skeleton
A type of skeletal construction made of primary fibers or spicule tracts from which skeletal elements radiate obliquely
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A type of skeletal construction made of primary fibers or spicule tracts from which skeletal elements radiate obliquely
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pocket cell
Cytology
Special kind of bacteriocyte that surrounds an area of the intercellular matrix, including microsymbionts
sponge
Special kind of bacteriocyte that surrounds an area of the intercellular matrix, including microsymbionts
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
polymorphic
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Occurring in different shapes.
sponge
Occurring in different shapes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
polytylote megasclere
Megasclere with several annular swelling along its shaft
Spicules of Demospongiae
polytylote
sponge
polytylote
Megasclere with several annular swelling along its shaft
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pore groove
A furrow in the ectosome where the ostia are located
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
sponge
A furrow in the ectosome where the ostia are located
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pore sieve
A specialized area of the ectosome with a cluster of ostia and an underlying inhalant cavity called the vestibule
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
chone (uniporal chone
cribriporal chone)
sponge
crible
A specialized area of the ectosome with a cluster of ostia and an underlying inhalant cavity called the vestibule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
porocalyx
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Cup-shaped depressions with pore-sieves, typical of some genera of Tetillidae
sponge
Cup-shaped depressions with pore-sieves, typical of some genera of Tetillidae
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
posterior pole
Pole opposite to anterior pole when larva is swimming, often without flagella.
Reproduction
sponge
Pole opposite to anterior pole when larva is swimming, often without flagella.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
posticum
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Cf. apopore (= osculum); in fossil sponges.
sponge
Cf. apopore (= osculum); in fossil sponges.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
primary fiber
An ascending fiber ending at a right angle to the surface
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
ascending fiber/tract/line
longitudinal fiber/tract
sponge
An ascending fiber ending at a right angle to the surface
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
primary calcareous skeleton
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Initially formed skeletal components
sponge
Initially formed skeletal components
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
primary spicule
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
The major structural megasclere in any particular sponge.
sponge
The major structural megasclere in any particular sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
primary spicule framework
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Framework of spicules around which a cement is deposited
sponge
Framework of spicules around which a cement is deposited
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
principalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules making up main skeletal framework
sponge
Spicules making up main skeletal framework
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prosochete
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
In fossil sponges, inhalant canal leading to prosopore.
sponge
In fossil sponges, inhalant canal leading to prosopore.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prosodus
A small inhalant canal leading to a prosopyle.
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
sponge
A small inhalant canal leading to a prosopyle.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prosopinacocyte
Cytology
Endopinacocyte lining the inhalant canals.
sponge
Endopinacocyte lining the inhalant canals.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prosopinacoderm
Cytology
Surface lined by prosopinacocytes.
sponge
Surface lined by prosopinacocytes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
prostalia
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicules protruding from a surface
sponge
Spicules protruding from a surface
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
protoclad
Spicules of Demospongiae
The proximal, unbranched portion of a branched ray. See DICHOTRIAENE.
sponge
The proximal, unbranched portion of a branched ray. See DICHOTRIAENE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
protorhabd
Spicules of Demospongiae
The original simple shaft of ornamented monaxons and of triaenes.
sponge
The original simple shaft of ornamented monaxons and of triaenes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
protriaene
A triaene in which the clads are directed or sharply curved forward, away from the rhabd
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the clads are directed or sharply curved forward, away from the rhabd
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pseudocalyx
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
One of a group of skeletal tubes - closely packed together, mostly hexagonal in shape and containing the live material - that resemble the calices or corallites of cnidarians.
calyx
sponge
One of a group of skeletal tubes - closely packed together, mostly hexagonal in shape and containing the live material - that resemble the calices or corallites of cnidarians.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pseudogemmule
Accumulation of gemmular archaeocytes (crypt cells, tract cells) in basal cavities of a solid calcareous skeleton
Reproduction
sponge
Accumulation of gemmular archaeocytes (crypt cells, tract cells) in basal cavities of a solid calcareous skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pseudosagittal spicule
A subcortical triactine essentially sagittal, but having unequally long and differently curved rays on each side of the unpaired angle
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A subcortical triactine essentially sagittal, but having unequally long and differently curved rays on each side of the unpaired angle
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
punctate surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface appearing dotted because of microscopic pores.
sponge
Surface appearing dotted because of microscopic pores.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
pycnaster
A small euaster in which the rays are merely low conules; to be rejected.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
A small euaster in which the rays are merely low conules; to be rejected.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
radiate skeleton
A type of skeleton in which the structural components diverge from a central region toward the sponge surface
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A type of skeleton in which the structural components diverge from a central region toward the sponge surface
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
raphide
A very thin, hair-like microsclere, often in bundles called trichodragmas
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A very thin, hair-like microsclere, often in bundles called trichodragmas
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
reduction body
A multicellular mass resulting from the disorganization of a sponge and presumably capable of reorganizing into a new functional sponge.
Reproduction
sponge
A multicellular mass resulting from the disorganization of a sponge and presumably capable of reorganizing into a new functional sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
regular spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Triactine or tetractine spicule with basal rays of equal length, and with equal angles (120 degrees) between them, when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis
sponge
Triactine or tetractine spicule with basal rays of equal length, and with equal angles (120 degrees) between them, when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
repent
Growing along or just above the substrate, simple or branching, attaching to the substrate at intervals (Hali clona simulans)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Growing along or just above the substrate, simple or branching, attaching to the substrate at intervals (Hali clona simulans)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
resilient
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resumes original shape after deformation.
sponge
Resumes original shape after deformation.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
reticulate skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Three-dimensional network of fibers, tracts, lines, or single spicules.
renieroid skeleton
sponge
Three-dimensional network of fibers, tracts, lines, or single spicules.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhabd
A collective term for a monaxonic megasclere, later applied to the one ray of a triaene that is distinct from the other three, mostly in length (= rhabdome).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
rhabdome
A collective term for a monaxonic megasclere, later applied to the one ray of a triaene that is distinct from the other three, mostly in length (= rhabdome).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhabdodiactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Diactin in which the two rays are aligned in a single axis.
sponge
Diactin in which the two rays are aligned in a single axis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhabdome
Spicules of Demospongiae
The rhabd of a triaene and of a triaene-derived spicule.
sponge
The rhabd of a triaene and of a triaene-derived spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhabdostyle
A style with a pronounced basal bend.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A style with a pronounced basal bend.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhagon stage
Earliest functional stage with multiple choanocyte chambers and aquiferous canals, typical for Demospongiae
Reproduction
sponge
Earliest functional stage with multiple choanocyte chambers and aquiferous canals, typical for Demospongiae
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rhizoclone
Nontuberculate irregular monaxial desma, with spiny to root-like zygomes that are usually mainly lateral
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Nontuberculate irregular monaxial desma, with spiny to root-like zygomes that are usually mainly lateral
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
ribbed surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with series of ridges (Xestospongia muta) ; ridges not necessarily parallel, as in CORRUGATED.
sponge
Surface with series of ridges (Xestospongia muta) ; ridges not necessarily parallel, as in CORRUGATED.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rigid aspicular skeleton
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Skeleton that originates from the direct secretion of aspicular elements made up of calcium carbonate; siliceous or calcareous spicules may be secondarily entrapped in the skeleton during the growth process (sk in figure).
sponge
Skeleton that originates from the direct secretion of aspicular elements made up of calcium carbonate; siliceous or calcareous spicules may be secondarily entrapped in the skeleton during the growth process (sk in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rigid spicular skeleton
A skeleton in which the main framework is first made up of fused or linked spicules that may later be invested by an aspicular cement
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
sponge
A skeleton in which the main framework is first made up of fused or linked spicules that may later be invested by an aspicular cement
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rooted
Anchored to or into substrate with root-like processes (Pheronema grayi).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Anchored to or into substrate with root-like processes (Pheronema grayi).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rubbery
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resilient and tough.
sponge
Resilient and tough.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
rugose surface
Having a rough and ridged surface (Topsentia spp.)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Having a rough and ridged surface (Topsentia spp.)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sagittal spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Triactine or tetractine with two equal angles (paired angles) and one dissimilar angle (unpaired angle) at the center, when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis.
primary sagittal spicule
sponge
primary sagittal spicule
Triactine or tetractine with two equal angles (paired angles) and one dissimilar angle (unpaired angle) at the center, when projected into a plane perpendicular to the optic axis.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sanidaster
A rhabd-derived, straight microsclere having spines at intervals along the entire length. Spines along the shaft are perpendicular to the axis and may or may not be spirally arranged; those at the ends diverge obliquely (e.g., genera Tribrachium, Disyringa)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A rhabd-derived, straight microsclere having spines at intervals along the entire length. Spines along the shaft are perpendicular to the axis and may or may not be spirally arranged; those at the ends diverge obliquely (e.g., genera Tribrachium, Disyringa)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sarule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Sceptrule with one end swollen and ornamented with distally directed spines
sponge
Sceptrule with one end swollen and ornamented with distally directed spines
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
scale
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Disc-shaped microsclere forming ectosomal ('dermal') armor (genus Lepidosphera)
sponge
Disc-shaped microsclere forming ectosomal ('dermal') armor (genus Lepidosphera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
scepter
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Uncinate marginalia, with spiny shaft acerated at one end; terminating in four very short actins at the other (Pheronematidae, genus Semperella)
sponge
Uncinate marginalia, with spiny shaft acerated at one end; terminating in four very short actins at the other (Pheronematidae, genus Semperella)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sceptrule
A small, prostal monactin spicule exhibiting peculiar secondary developments at one end (order Hexactinosa).
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
sponge
A small, prostal monactin spicule exhibiting peculiar secondary developments at one end (order Hexactinosa).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
schizorhysis
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
In fossil sponges, continuous system of interconected canal spaces (Tretodictyidae).
sponge
In fossil sponges, continuous system of interconected canal spaces (Tretodictyidae).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sclerodermite
Aggregate of crystals forming a microstructural unit of the calcareous skeleton
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
sponge
Aggregate of crystals forming a microstructural unit of the calcareous skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
scopule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Fork-like sceptrule with one end branched (leptoscopule, pachyscopule).
sponge
Fork-like sceptrule with one end branched (leptoscopule, pachyscopule).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
secondary fiber
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
In a reticulate skeleton, a fiber that links the primary fibers.
connective fiber
connective tract
fibers
lines
sponge
In a reticulate skeleton, a fiber that links the primary fibers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
secondary calcareous skeleton
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Skeletal components formed after the deposition of the primary calcareous skeleton
sponge
Skeletal components formed after the deposition of the primary calcareous skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
selenaster
A special type of spiraster approaching the shape of a sterraster (genus Placospongia)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A special type of spiraster approaching the shape of a sterraster (genus Placospongia)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sessile
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Permanently attached to substrate.
sponge
Permanently attached to substrate.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sieve plate
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Perforated plate that extends over the broad terminal opening of some tubular-shaped Hexactinellida (Euplectella). See "Architecture and Spicules of Hexactinellida"
sponge
Perforated plate that extends over the broad terminal opening of some tubular-shaped Hexactinellida (Euplectella). See "Architecture and Spicules of Hexactinellida"
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sigma
A microsclere of C or S shape
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A microsclere of C or S shape
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sigmaspire
A contorted-sigmoid microspined microsclere (family Tetillidae)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A contorted-sigmoid microspined microsclere (family Tetillidae)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sigmatocome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with long, S-shaped terminal rays (Dictyaulus)
sponge
Hexaster with long, S-shaped terminal rays (Dictyaulus)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
skeleton
All structures supporting and protecting the sponge body.
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae. The skeleton of sponges consists of microscopic calcareous or silicious spicules. The demosponges include 90% of all species of sponges. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges[WP].
sponge
All structures supporting and protecting the sponge body.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
smooth surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface without any projections (Chondrosia reniformis).
glabrous
sponge
Surface without any projections (Chondrosia reniformis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
soft
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Yielding to pressure, easily torn.
sponge
Yielding to pressure, easily torn.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spatuliferous-anchorate chela
An anchorate chela (usually isochela) having alae that are completely free from the shaft and that are spatulate or shaped like anchor teeth
Spicules of Demospongiae
ancora spatulifera
sponge
An anchorate chela (usually isochela) having alae that are completely free from the shaft and that are spatulate or shaped like anchor teeth
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spermiocyst
Modified, encysted spermatozoid transported by a carrier cell to the oocyte
Reproduction
sponge
Modified, encysted spermatozoid transported by a carrier cell to the oocyte
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sphaerancora
Modified isochela, consisting of two ellipsoid ridged plates intersecting at right angles (genus Melonanchora)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Modified isochela, consisting of two ellipsoid ridged plates intersecting at right angles (genus Melonanchora)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sphaeroclone
Anaxial desma in which several ray-like arms extend from one side of a globular centrum that is spiny on the other side
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Anaxial desma in which several ray-like arms extend from one side of a globular centrum that is spiny on the other side
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sphaerohexactin (sphaerohexact)
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexactin with rays ending in spherical knobs
sponge
Hexactin with rays ending in spherical knobs
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sphaerohexaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Hexaster with terminal rays ending in spherical knobs
sponge
Hexaster with terminal rays ending in spherical knobs
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spheraster
An euaster with short rays and a thick centrum; the diameter of the centrum (more than one-half the total diameter) exceeds the length of the rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An euaster with short rays and a thick centrum; the diameter of the centrum (more than one-half the total diameter) exceeds the length of the rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spheroxyaster
Euaster with a discrete centrum that is more than one-third the total diameter
Spicules of Demospongiae
oxyspheraster
sponge
Euaster with a discrete centrum that is more than one-third the total diameter
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spherulitic microstructure
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Globular (centric or excentric) arrangement of crystal fibers radiating from a common center (e.g., genus Astrosclerd)
spheroidal
sponge
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spheroidal
Globular (centric or excentric) arrangement of crystal fibers radiating from a common center (e.g., genus Astrosclerd)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spherulous cell
Cell filled with large round spherules that occupy almost the entire cell body, compressing the cytoplasm into thin sheets (sp in figure).
Cytology
sponge
Cell filled with large round spherules that occupy almost the entire cell body, compressing the cytoplasm into thin sheets (sp in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spiculation
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
General term for spicule complement.
sponge
General term for spicule complement.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spiculoid spicule
A spongin component of the skeleton that has the form of a diactinal, triactinal, or polyactinal spicule
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
spongin spicule
A spongin component of the skeleton that has the form of a diactinal, triactinal, or polyactinal spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spiny surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with scattered, stiff, and sharp spicular or fiber projections (Pleraplysilla spinifera)
muricate
sponge
Surface with scattered, stiff, and sharp spicular or fiber projections (Pleraplysilla spinifera)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spiraster (= spinispira)
Spicules of Demospongiae
Spiral, rod-shaped microsclere with spines peripherally arranged.
spinispira
sponge
Spiral, rod-shaped microsclere with spines peripherally arranged.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
spirodiscohexaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Discohexaster with a bunch of terminal, spirally twisted rays (genus Rhabdodictyum)
sponge
Discohexaster with a bunch of terminal, spirally twisted rays (genus Rhabdodictyum)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
statoblast
Particular gemmule that lacks a complex spongin coat and is covered externally by megascleres; typical of the freshwater Potamolepidae.
Reproduction
sponge
Particular gemmule that lacks a complex spongin coat and is covered externally by megascleres; typical of the freshwater Potamolepidae.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stauractin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Reduced hexactin with four rays all arranged in one plane
sponge
Reduced hexactin with four rays all arranged in one plane
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stauraster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Reduced hexaster with four rays all arranged in one plane
sponge
Reduced hexaster with four rays all arranged in one plane
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stepped megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of a megasclere. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
stepped
telescoped
telescoped
Adjective referring to the extremities of a megasclere. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stepped
sterraster
A spherical or ellipsoidal microsclere in which the numerous rays are fused and end in stellate terminations (e.g., genus Geodia).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A spherical or ellipsoidal microsclere in which the numerous rays are fused and end in stellate terminations (e.g., genus Geodia).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sterrospheraster
Ball-shaped euaster with numerous conical or flattened, often denticulate or tuberculate protuberances; to be rejected. See STERRASTER.
PORO:0000557
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
true
Ball-shaped euaster with numerous conical or flattened, often denticulate or tuberculate protuberances; to be rejected. See STERRASTER.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stipitate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Supported by a long stalk (Stylocordyla stipitata)
sponge
Supported by a long stalk (Stylocordyla stipitata)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stoloniferous
Condition in which distinct, massive parts of a sponge are interconnected by repent, rope-like structures (Haliclona tubifera).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Condition in which distinct, massive parts of a sponge are interconnected by repent, rope-like structures (Haliclona tubifera).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
stomoblastula stage
Developmental stage of amphiblastulas that precedes the reversion stage and is characterized by internal flagella and a large opening through which the eversion occurs
Reproduction
sponge
Developmental stage of amphiblastulas that precedes the reversion stage and is characterized by internal flagella and a large opening through which the eversion occurs
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
streptaster
Aster in which the rays proceed from an axis that is usually spiral
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Aster in which the rays proceed from an axis that is usually spiral
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
strobiloplumicome
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Plumicome with numerous slender terminal rays arranged in two concentric circles
sponge
Plumicome with numerous slender terminal rays arranged in two concentric circles
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
strongylaster (= chiaster)
Aster with free, isodiametric, blunt rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
chiaster
sponge
Aster with free, isodiametric, blunt rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
strongyle
An isodiametric, diactinal megasclere with rounded ends
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
An isodiametric, diactinal megasclere with rounded ends
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
strongyloxea
A fusiform oxea with one end blunt.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A fusiform oxea with one end blunt.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
style
Monaxon spicule with one end pointed, the other (head or base) blunt
Spicules of Demospongiae. NOTE: wp says megasclere
sponge
Monaxon spicule with one end pointed, the other (head or base) blunt
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subatrial spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Sagittal spicule with paired rays adjacent to the atrial skeleton.
sponge
subgastral spicule
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subgastral spicule
Sagittal spicule with paired rays adjacent to the atrial skeleton.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subcortical spicule
A pseudosagittal triactine, with unpaired actine and a shorter paired actine adjacent to the cortex, or a tetractine with basal triradiate system adjacent to the cortex.
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A pseudosagittal triactine, with unpaired actine and a shorter paired actine adjacent to the cortex, or a tetractine with basal triradiate system adjacent to the cortex.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subdermal spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
PORO:0000569
Term to be rejected. See SUBCORTICAL SPICULE.
sponge
true
Term to be rejected. See SUBCORTICAL SPICULE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subgastral spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
PORO:0000568
Term to be rejected. See SUBATRIAL SPICULE.
sponge
true
Term to be rejected. See SUBATRIAL SPICULE.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sublithistid skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Skeleton consisting of a loose assemblage of desmas
sponge
Skeleton consisting of a loose assemblage of desmas
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
subtylostyle
Spicules of Demospongiae
Tylostyle with one end pointed, the other with a slight swelling or knob; the swelling, more or less distinct, may be displaced along the shaft
sponge
Tylostyle with one end pointed, the other with a slight swelling or knob; the swelling, more or less distinct, may be displaced along the shaft
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sulcate
Furrowed with longitudinal, or meandering (gyriform), parallel channels (Myrmekioderma styx)
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
gyriform
sponge
Furrowed with longitudinal, or meandering (gyriform), parallel channels (Myrmekioderma styx)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
syconoid
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Aquiferous system with elongated choanocyte chamber containing free distal cones or extending from cortex to atrium.
sponge
Aquiferous system with elongated choanocyte chamber containing free distal cones or extending from cortex to atrium.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
sylleibid
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Aquiferous system with elongate choanocyte chambers arranged radially around invagination of the atrial cavity (Leucilla uter)
sponge
Aquiferous system with elongate choanocyte chambers arranged radially around invagination of the atrial cavity (Leucilla uter)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
symmetrical megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
symmetrica
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See OXEA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
symmetrica
synapticule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Bridges composed of siliceous cement joining spicules
sponge
Bridges composed of siliceous cement joining spicules
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tabula
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Plate or floor that partitions the basal part of a skeletal cavity (ta in figure).
sponge
Plate or floor that partitions the basal part of a skeletal cavity (ta in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tabulate osculum
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Osculum in stromatoporoids that has been repeatedly partitioned by secondarily deposited tabulae.
sponge
Osculum in stromatoporoids that has been repeatedly partitioned by secondarily deposited tabulae.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tangential skeleton
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
Ectosomal skeleton arranged parallel to the surface (figure shows upper right, view from the top).
sponge
Ectosomal skeleton arranged parallel to the surface (figure shows upper right, view from the top).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tangential spicule
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Spicule arranged parallel to the surface.
sponge
Spicule arranged parallel to the surface.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tauactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Large, smooth triactin (genus Monorhaphis).
sponge
Large, smooth triactin (genus Monorhaphis).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tertiary fiber
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
In a reticulate skeleton, a fiber interconnecting the secondary fibers
sponge
In a reticulate skeleton, a fiber interconnecting the secondary fibers
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tetraclone
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
Tetraxial desma that does not show a triaenose symmetry; the zygomes are typically terminal.
sponge
Tetraxial desma that does not show a triaenose symmetry; the zygomes are typically terminal.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tetractin
4
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicule with four rays in one plane
sponge
Spicule with four rays in one plane
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tetractine
4
4
A spicule with four rays (in figure, sagittal tetractine at the top and regular tetractine at the bottom).
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A spicule with four rays (in figure, sagittal tetractine at the top and regular tetractine at the bottom).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tetradisc
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Microsclere with four actins ending in amphidisc like umbels
sponge
Microsclere with four actins ending in amphidisc like umbels
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tetrapocillum
A rare, modified isochela having two small disks both at the extremities and in the middle of a straight shaft; the two in the middle are fused (genus Tetrapocillon)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A rare, modified isochela having two small disks both at the extremities and in the middle of a straight shaft; the two in the middle are fused (genus Tetrapocillon)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
thaumatochela
A rare, minute anisochela with the smaller extremity jar- or slipper-shaped and partly enveloped by four alae issuing from the opposite end and forming an umbrella-like structure (Mycale thaumatochela).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A rare, minute anisochela with the smaller extremity jar- or slipper-shaped and partly enveloped by four alae issuing from the opposite end and forming an umbrella-like structure (Mycale thaumatochela).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
thesocyte
Cytology
Vitelline-rich archaeocyte in a sponge gemmule (th in figure).
sponge
Vitelline-rich archaeocyte in a sponge gemmule (th in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
thraustoxa
Spicules of Demospongiae
Toxa-like, smooth to spinose microsclere, double- bent in the middle and often with central swelling (genus Rhabderemia)
sponge
Toxa-like, smooth to spinose microsclere, double- bent in the middle and often with central swelling (genus Rhabderemia)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tignule
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Gigantic, isolated diactin (Hyalonema toxeres).
sponge
Gigantic, isolated diactin (Hyalonema toxeres).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tornote
A straight, isodiametric, diactinal megasclere with conical or mucronate extremities
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A straight, isodiametric, diactinal megasclere with conical or mucronate extremities
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tough
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resistant to tearing (Ircinia).
sponge
Resistant to tearing (Ircinia).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
toxa
Bow-shaped microsclere
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Bow-shaped microsclere
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trabecular tissue
Cytology
Syncytia in hexactinellids occurring around the choanochambers.
sponge
Syncytia in hexactinellids occurring around the choanochambers.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tract
A column of aligned megascleres (figure shows two types of tract).
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A column of aligned megascleres (figure shows two types of tract).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
triactin
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Spicule with three rays in one plane
sponge
Spicule with three rays in one plane
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
triactine
3
3
A spicule with three rays.
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
sponge
A spicule with three rays.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
triaene
1
3
4
General term for a tetractinal megasclere having one unequal ray (termed rhabd) that is commonly much longer than the other three (termed clads, forming the cladome).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
triaene
triaene megasclere
General term for a tetractinal megasclere having one unequal ray (termed rhabd) that is commonly much longer than the other three (termed clads, forming the cladome).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
triaene
triaxone
3
3
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida. WP: Triaxons have three axes; in triods, each axis bears a similar ray; in pentacts, the triaxon has five rays, four of which lie in a single plane; and pinnules are pentacts with large spines on the non-planar ray - Eugenio Andri; Stefania Gerbaudo; Massimiliano Testa (2001).
Spicule with three axes.
sponge
triaxon
Spicule with three axes.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trichaster
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Graphicome (genus Trichasterina).
sponge
Graphicome (genus Trichasterina).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trichimella
Hexactinellid larva, distinguished by median zone with multiflagellated mononucleate cells between anterior and posterior poles; with special larval stauractin skeleton
Reproduction
sponge
Hexactinellid larva, distinguished by median zone with multiflagellated mononucleate cells between anterior and posterior poles; with special larval stauractin skeleton
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trichodragma
A bundle of raphids.
Spicules of Demospongiae
dragma
sponge
A bundle of raphids.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trichotriaene
A triaene in which the clads are trifurcate.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A triaene in which the clads are trifurcate.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trichox
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
Thin, hair-like straight monaxon spicules present in general around the osculum or protruding from the cortex.
sponge
Thin, hair-like straight monaxon spicules present in general around the osculum or protruding from the cortex.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tridentate chela
A chela with three free alae. See also ANCHORATE CHELA.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A chela with three free alae. See also ANCHORATE CHELA.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trider
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
Variant of tetraclone, with triaenose symmetry and three similar arms.
sponge
Variant of tetraclone, with triaenose symmetry and three similar arms.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
triod
Spicules of Demospongiae
Triact in which the rays are equal, straight, in one plane, and diverging at an angle of 120 degrees.
sponge
Triact in which the rays are equal, straight, in one plane, and diverging at an angle of 120 degrees.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tripod
A modified triod with rays forming a regular pyramid.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A modified triod with rays forming a regular pyramid.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
trophocyte
Cytology
Nurse cell involved in the initial stages of gemmule and oocyte formation.
sponge
Nurse cell involved in the initial stages of gemmule and oocyte formation.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
truncaster
Aster with crowded, blunt rays (genus Rhabdastrella).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Aster with crowded, blunt rays (genus Rhabdastrella).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tuberculate spicule
Spicule ornamented with blunt knobs.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Spicule ornamented with blunt knobs.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tubular
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Shape of hollow, erect cylinder (Aplysina fistularis)
sponge
Shape of hollow, erect cylinder (Aplysina fistularis)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
turbinate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Resembling an inverted cone (Cribochalina vasculum)
sponge
Resembling an inverted cone (Cribochalina vasculum)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tylaster
Aster with free, microtylote rays
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Aster with free, microtylote rays
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tyle
Any rounded swelling or knob in a spicule (c in figure).
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Any rounded swelling or knob in a spicule (c in figure).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tylostyle
A style with a tyle (globular swelling) at the base
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
A style with a tyle (globular swelling) at the base
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
tylote
Diactinal megasclere with a swelling on each end
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Diactinal megasclere with a swelling on each end
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
uncinate
Architecture of the Skeleton and Spicules of Hexactinellida
Diactin covered with short spines directed distally (barbule); size classes are designated by macrouncinate, microuncinate
barbule
macruncinate
micruncinate
sponge
Diactin covered with short spines directed distally (barbule); size classes are designated by macrouncinate, microuncinate
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
unequal megasclere
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See also ANISO-.
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
unequal
unequal
Adjective referring to the extremities of megascleres. See also ANISO-.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
unguiferous-anchorate chela
An anchorate chela in which the recurved processes are in the form of claws or sickles and are normally connected to the shaft by expansions called falces
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
ancora unguifera
An anchorate chela in which the recurved processes are in the form of claws or sickles and are normally connected to the shaft by expansions called falces
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
unispicular fiber, tract
A single aligned row of megascleres
Architecture of the Skeleton of Demospongiae
sponge
A single aligned row of megascleres
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
unpaired actine
Calcareous Spicules and Calcareous Spicule Skeleton
In sagittal spicules, the ray of a triactine or of a triradiate basal system of a tetractine lying in the plane of bilateral symmetry.
basal actine (ray)
sponge
basal actine (ray)
In sagittal spicules, the ray of a triactine or of a triradiate basal system of a tetractine lying in the plane of bilateral symmetry.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
vallate
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
To be rejected (old-fashioned, heraldic term used to describe massive forms).
sponge
true
To be rejected (old-fashioned, heraldic term used to describe massive forms).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
velvety surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface with dense, short spicular projections, feeling soft and smooth to the touch.
sponge
Surface with dense, short spicular projections, feeling soft and smooth to the touch.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
verrucose surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Warty (genus Tethya)
sponge
tuberculate
Warty (genus Tethya)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
verticillate
Spicule ornamented by whirls (e.g., genus Agelas)
Spicules of Demospongiae
sponge
Spicule ornamented by whirls (e.g., genus Agelas)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
vesicular
Hollow, bladder-like (Inflatella belli).
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
sponge
Hollow, bladder-like (Inflatella belli).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
vestibule
Anatomy and Aquiferous System
Subectosomal cavity. An inhalant aquiferous cavity close to the surface (see also PORE SIEVE).
sponge
subdermal cavity
Subectosomal cavity. An inhalant aquiferous cavity close to the surface (see also PORE SIEVE).
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
villose surface
Macroscopical Features: Habit, Surface Characteristics, and Consistency
Surface shaggy, with dense, long spicular bundles (Rosella villosa)
sponge
Surface shaggy, with dense, long spicular bundles (Rosella villosa)
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
viviparity
Mode of reproduction in which internal fertilization and incubation of the embryo occur inside the parent sponge.
Reproduction
sponge
Mode of reproduction in which internal fertilization and incubation of the embryo occur inside the parent sponge.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
zygome
Part of a desma that interlocks with another spicule.
Spicule Types of "Lithistids"
sponge
Part of a desma that interlocks with another spicule.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
zygosis
Calcareous Rigid Skeleton
Mode of junction between siliceous and calcareous tetraradiates characterized by the interlocking of their terminal or lateral expansions; cement, if present, is secondary.
sponge
Mode of junction between siliceous and calcareous tetraradiates characterized by the interlocking of their terminal or lateral expansions; cement, if present, is secondary.
http://www.portol.org/thesaurus
reproductive body
rigid skeleton
aster
stellate spicule where where 1-6 primary rays undergo terminal branching to form secondary rays (differs from definition used for desmosponges)
collagen fibril
sponge surface
surface protruberance
mode of reproduction
anatomical axis
ray axis
plate
ectosomal spicule
pole of larva
flagellated cell
chamber
life cycle stage
Replace with uberon class
groove, pit or depression
hilum of sterraster
hilum of aspidaster
calcareous skeleton
relationship to substrate
substrate
cell component
nucleus
sponge larva
structural quality
gemmule coat
multicellular anatomical structure
envelope of flagellated cells
crypt cell
tract cell
flagellated endopinacocyte
flagellated exopinacocyte
calcareous plate
choanocyte-lined radial canal
choanocyte-lined filter chamber
organism subdivision
triaene clad
bifurcate clad
trifurcate clad
macramphidisc
mesamphidisc
micramphidisc
monaxial desma
choanosomal spicule
microstrongyle
microsclere with both ends blunted[WP]
pinnule
A pentact with large spines on the non-planar ray[WP]
protein
silicatein
enzyme which catalyzes the formation of silicate polymers
http://palaeos.com/metazoa/glossary/glossaryO.html#silicatein
enzyme which catalyzes the formation of silicate polymers
silicase
enzyme in sponges, proposed to be involved in silica restructuring and maintenance. The proposed mechanism involves bound zinc acting as a Lewis acid catalyst to break the silicate ester bond between silicon and oxygen
enzyme in sponges, proposed to be involved in silica restructuring and maintenance. The proposed mechanism involves bound zinc acting as a Lewis acid catalyst to break the silicate ester bond between silicon and oxygen
http://palaeos.com/metazoa/glossary/glossaryO.html#silicase
spiculogenesis
cavity of canal
arm of trider
skeletal element of sponge
acantho
has spines; applies only to spicules
acanthostyle
spine
verticillated acanthostyle
Editor's note: logical definition still to be added
anisochela I
anisochela II
growth_form
habit
shape of body form; habit
smooth
PATO_0000701
A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's posessing a surface free of roughness or irregularities.
obsolete endosome
true
choanosome
size class
number of size categories
obsolete endosomal_skeleton
true
obsolete main_skeleton
true
obsolete principal skeleton
true
mineral skeleton
monact
Megasclere with a single actine (one ray or one point)
monactine
obsolete diact
true
Megasclere with two actines (two rays or two points)
obsolete monactine
true
obsolete choanocyte chamber
true
reproductive system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
UBERON:FBbt_00004857-FMA_7160-MA_0000326-MIAA_0000305-WBbt_0005747-XAO_0000142-ZFA_0000632
uberon
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
Wikipedia:Reproductive_system
larva
a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle.
sponge
Wikipedia:Larva
a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle.