Alison Callahan
John Bixby
Saminda Abeyruwan
Ubbo Visser
Vance Lemmon
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Revision 114
1.0
protrudes
part of
forms
is steered by
repels
has level
extends
migrates
attracts
has part
has attribute
has quality
has role
has member
todo: replaced with ulo?
length
fetal
temperature
adult
juvenile
postnatal
blood brain barrier
RB_0000003
A tissue section taken from the spinal cord.
spinal cord section
RB_0000004
The degeneration of axons and myelin distal to an injury site and subsequent clearing of debris.
Wallerian degeneration
RB_0000006
A member of the nerve growth factor family. During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the
peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the central nervous system.
BDNF
brain derived neurotropic factor
RB_0000007
Cell death induced by autophagy.
autophagic cell death
GO:0048102
RB_0000008
An injury to the spinal cord caused by blunt force trauma.
spinal cord contusion
RB_0000009
An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins, antagonizing the effects of protein tyrosine kinases.
protein tyrosine phosphatase
RB_0000010
A substance that is acted upon by an enzyme.
substrate
RB_0000011
An 18.5 kDa protein which is one of the most abundant proteins of the myelin sheath of the adult central nervous system.
myelin basic protein
RB_0000012
The movement of a cell or cell process from one place to another.
migration
RB_0000013
Focal adhesions are large, dynamic protein complexes through which the cytoskeleton of a cell connects to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. They are limited to clearly defined ranges of the cell, at which the plasma membrane closes to within 15 nm of the ECM substrate. They are studied in cell culture but are thought to represent structures (focal contacts) present in cells in vivo.
focal adhesion complex
RB_0000014
A projection extending from a glial cell.
glial process
RB_0000015
A series of causally interacting parts that produce a biological phenomenon.
biological mechanism
RB_0000016
The differentiation of a single neurite to form an axon.
axon formation
RB_0000017
A nutrient-rich solution used to grow or maintain cells or organs in vitro.
medium
RB_0000018
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
cell motility
GO:0048870
RB_0000019
A cell participating in the immune response, generally a macrophage/monocyte or a granulocyte.
inflammatory cell
RB_0000020
The process of applying energy to a cell or tissue to provoke a specific response.
stimulation
RB_0000021
The active movement of a cell from one location to another, particularly the movement of a cell over a surface or through a matrix.
cell migration
GO:0016477
RB_0000022
A long thin spike-like cell projection containing actin filaments.
filopodium
RB_0000026
An state of an enzyme's capability to convert substrate to product.
enzyme activity
RB_0000027
The process of regrowth of a bundle of axons from their damaged proximal ends following injury.
nerve regeneration
RB_0000029
Antibody that is produced by a single clone of hybridoma cells.
monoclonal antibody
RB_0000030
Cell culture medium in which cells are grown for a period of time to capture agents they secrete, such as growth factors, bioactive lipids,etc. The medium is then used to culture other cells. An example is glial conditioned medium used to culture neurons.
conditioned medium
RB_0000032
Large cerebellar cortical neuron that conveys signals away from the cerebellum.
purkinje cell
RB_0000034
The process of producing a reaction in a sensory end organ by an electrical stimulus that initiates a nerve impulse and results in functional activity of an effector.
electrical stimulation
RB_0000035
Messenger RNA that encodes any of the numerous known actin isoforms.
actin mRNA
actin messenger RNA
RB_0000036
A control for experimental treatment in which only the vehicle used to dissolve the treatment chemical is delivered at the same concentration and by the same route as in the experimental treatment.
vehicle control group
RB_0000037
A growth cone extending from an axon.
axonal growth cone
RB_0000038
The addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
phosphorylation
RB_0000039
A period of time lasting 60 seconds.
minute
RB_0000040
A form of programmed cell death that begins when a cell receives internal or external signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, proceeds through a series of characteristic stages typically including rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process), and ends with the death of the cell.
apoptosis
GO:0006915
RB_0000041
The expression values of a set of genes under different conditions, e.g. following an environmental insult, following hormonal stimulation, or at a particular developmental stage.
expression profile
RB_0000042
Not present.
absent
RB_0000043
A mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many axons, increasing the speed at which action potentials are conducted. In the central nervous system myelin is made by oligodendrocytes. In the periperal nervous system myelin is made by Schwann cells.
myelin
RB_0000044
Long-lived phagocyte derived from blood monocytes and found in tissues.
macrophage
RB_0000045
A projection extending from a neuron.
neuronal process
RB_0000047
Small glial cell of the monocyte lineage that is found throughout grey and white matter of the brain.
microglia
microglial cell
RB_0000048
Microglial cell that expresses a variety of inflammation-related genes in response to detection of molecular signs of infection or injury.
activated microglia
activated microglial cell
RB_0000049
Glial cell of the central nervous system responsible for myelinating axons.
oligodendrocyte
RB_0000050
A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
antibody
RB_0000051
An axon extending from a neuron in the cerebral cortex.
cortical axon
RB_0000053
Protein that interacts with and binds to a macromolecule.
binding protein
RB_0000054
An axon covered in an insulating layer of myelin.
myelinated axon
RB_0000055
Originally the maintenance and growth of pieces of explanted tissue (plant or animal) in culture away from the source organism. Now usually refers to the (much more frequently used) technique of cell culture, using cells dispersed from tissues or distant descendants of such cells.
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#Tissue_Culture
tissue culture
RB_0000056
Any process that decreases the rate of transcription of a gene into complementary RNA sequences and, for structural genes, subsequent translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains and their assembly into protein products.
decrease expression
RB_0000057
A piece of tissue that has been removed from the retina.
retinal explant
RB_0000059
A member of a family of growth factors for mesodermal and neuroectodermal cells and important in developmental signalling.
FGF
fibroblast growth factor
RB_0000061
A linear polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds in a sequence specified by mRNA.
protein
RB_0000062
A histological tissue section is a thin piece of tissue sliced from an organ or piece of tissue. Typically the section is used for some histological study using dyes or antibodies.
histological tissue section
RB_0000063
A general term for a neuronal process, especially as isolated in cell or tissue culture.
neurite
RB_0000064
A cell culture assay often using primary neurons with neurites, in which a protein or peptide is added to the culture medium. Cell protrusions, such as growth cones, are observed to determine if they collapse as a result of the added material.
collapse assay
RB_0000065
A specific sequence of DNA (RNA in some viruses), corresponding to a unit of inheritance, that has a specific locus on a chromosome, can exist in different allelic forms, and is transcribed.
gene
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010035
RB_0000066
A return to a normal state of nervous system function following injury.
functional recovery
RB_0000067
A member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily of proteins. The encoded protein is synthesized as a large precursor molecule that is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid epidermal growth factor peptide. Epidermal growth factor is a potent mitogen that plays an important role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of numerous cell types.
EGF
epidermal growth factor
RB_0000069
A cell-surface or intracellular molecule, typically a protein, that binds a ligand selectively to yield a cellular response.
receptor
RB_0000070
A cell culture is a material entity consisting of a population of cells that is maintained in vitro
culture
RB_0000071
A group or layer of cells that perform a particular function. Tissues represent a level of organization intermediate between cells and organs; organs are made up of more than one tissue.
tissue
RB_0000072
The transfer of an organ, tissue, etc. from one part of the body to another or from one animal to another.
transplantation
RB_0000073
An injury to a region of the nervous system that purposely damages axons, performed prior to a second injury, elsewhere, in order to alter the response to the second injury.
conditioning lesion
RB_0000074
The process of transversely severing the spinal cord.
complete transection
RB_0000076
A neurotrophin (length 200 aa) that is a trophic factor for various neuronal cell types. It is a member of the interleukin-6 cytokine family since it acts through a receptor containing gp130.
CNFTF
ciliary neurotrophic factor
RB_0000077
A flattened cell type that forms a sheet (the endothelium) lining all blood vessels.
endothelial cell
RB_0000078
The volume of tissue characterized by maximal immune cell infiltration and glial scar formation.
lesion core
lesion center
RB_0000079
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor. It is implicated in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity and neuronal death via apoptosis.
NMDA receptor
NMDAR
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
RB_0000080
A group of two or more associated polypeptide chains.
protein complex
RB_0000082
Any process that influences the direction of growth cone migration.
growth cone guidance
RB_0000083
Receptor that binds to and responds to netrin.
netrin receptor
RB_0000084
The mereological maximal sum of a collection of covalently bonded atoms.
molecule
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_011125
RB_0000085
A secreted homodimer THAT can be incorporated into a larger complex; it binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase and other receptors such as p75. This protein has neurotrophic activity and is involved in the regulation of growth, survival and the differentiation of several neuronal types, including sympathetic, sensory, and forebrain cholinergic neurons.
NGF
nerve growth factor
RB_0000086
The state of a kinase's capability to phosphorylate substrate molecules.
kinase activity
RB_0000087
A cell surface protein that binds to one or more specific ligands on an adjacent cell, providing specificity in cell-cell binding.
cell adhesion molecule
RB_0000089
Paired peripheral nerve formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment.
spinal nerve
RB_0000090
A protein isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, excited by blue light and emitting green light. Green fluorescent protein and its derivatives are often used as reporter genes.
GFP
green fluorescent protein
RB_0000091
The process of inducing a receptor to produce its biological response.
receptor activation
RB_0000092
A neuron that coordinates afferent input to and motor output from the cerebellum through excitatory connections with Purkinje neurons.
cerebellar granule neuron
RB_0000094
Any process involving a signal or cue that draws a growth cone (or axonal tip) to the source of the signal.
growth cone attraction
RB_0000095
Any process that influences the direction of growth or extension.
guidance
RB_0000096
The state of an entity's capability to carry out a given action.
activity
RB_0000097
A neuron that projects its axon across the midline to the other side of the central nervous system.
commissural neuron
RB_0000098
A contractile cell of skeletal muscle, the myocardium, or smooth muscle containing organized contractile filaments of actin and myosin.
muscle cell
RB_0000099
An axon that extends from a neuron in the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
thalamocortical axon
RB_0000100
An axon extending from a sensory neuron.
sensory axon
RB_0000101
A cell culture assay often using primary neurons with neurites, in which the neurons are perturbed in various ways and the effect on the growth of neurites is determined. Typical perturbagens are compounds, different substrate molecules, proteins and peptides, antibodies, dsRNA, and overexpressed proteins.
outgrowth assay
RB_0000102
In the periphery, a state of altered reactivity in the innate and/or adaptive immune system as a result of exposure to antigen. In the central nervous system, this is almost exclusively in the innate immune system as a result of infection, and is associated mainly with resident microglia.
immune response
RB_0000103
Tissue of the spinal cord.
spinal cord tissue
RB_0000104
A cell that gives rise to one or more other cell types.
progenitor cell
precursor cell
RB_0000105
A cavity that forms at the primary injury site in a spinal cord injury. It contains macrophages that consume dead cells that are the result of injury.
primary lesion cavity
RB_0000106
Any process that increases the amount or local density of an RNA, protein, or specific protein modification in a cell or cell compartment.
increase expression
RB_0000107
A control in which a perturbagen that is known to consistently produce no response is used, or in which components of the treatment other than the active perturbagen are used (such as vehicle, vector, inactive compound, etc). This gives the investigators one or more possible baselines to compare to unknowns and can also be used to normalize data across samples as well as experiments done on different days.
negative treatment control group
RB_0000108
An intermediate filament protein found in mature astrocytes and Schwann cells. It is often used as a marker to distinguish astrocytes from other cells.
glial fibrillary acidic protein
RB_0000109
A family of dual-specificity (serine/threonine and tyrosine) kinases (MAP kinases) that regulate cellualr signal transduction as part of a protein kinase cascade.
mitogen-activated protein kinase
RB_0000110
Literally, in glass, but used more generally to describe the state of cell and tissue culture experiments or tests.
in vitro
RB_0000111
Cells taken directly from a living organism, which are not immortalized.
primary culture
RB_0000112
The process of causing damage to the nervous system.
neural injury
nervous system injury
RB_0000114
Receptor that binds to and reponds to neurotrophin.
neurotrophin receptor
RB_0000115
The process of restoring spinal cord tissue to a healthy state after injury or damage.
spinal cord repair
RB_0000116
A piece of tissue that has been removed from a cell source and is maintained in vitro without being dissocated to single cells. An example would be a piece of retina, an intact dorsal root ganglion, or a sympathetic ganglion.
explant culture
RB_0000117
The electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane.
membrane potential
RB_0000118
A subfamily of the protein kinase C (PKC) family that includes PKC alpha, PKC beta1 and beta2, and PKC gamma. cPKC isoforms are activated by calcium, diacylglycerol, and membrane lipids like phosphatidylserine.
cPKC
classic protein kinase C
RB_0000119
The process by which axons reacquire myelin sheaths following myelin degeneration.
remyelination
RB_0000120
The process of restoring tissue to a healthy state after injury or damage.
repair
RB_0000121
A state of physical harm that impairs the value, usefulness, or normal function of something.
damage
RB_0000122
Small noncoding RNA gene products (usually ~22 nt) generated by dicer from precursors with a characteristic hairpin secondary structure.
microRNA
RB_0000124
Deficient supply of blood to a body part, due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood.
ischemia
RB_0000125
A low molecular weight (<900 Daltons ) organic compound that may help regulate a biological process.
small molecule
RB_0000126
An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation.
kinase
RB_0000127
Denoting the sex that produces gametes, especially spermatozoa, with which a female may be fertilized or inseminated to produce offspring.
male
RB_0000129
Small double-stranded RNA molecules (20–25 bp) that interfere with the expression of particular mRNAs (RNA interference) and can also activate innate immune systems that operate to block viral infection. They may also induce gene expression and be termed small activating RNAs (saRNAs).
siRNA
RB_0000130
A longitudinal plane is any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. The coronal plane and the sagittal plane are examples of longitudinal planes.
longitudinal plane
RB_0000131
An organic acid carrying an amino group. Proteins are linear polymers of the l-forms of ~20 common amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
amino acid
RB_0000132
Literally, in life, but used generally to describe the state of procedures or tests done on intact organisms.
in vivo
RB_0000133
A growth cone extending from a dendrite.
dendrite growth cone
RB_0000134
An axon in the spinal cord.
spinal axon
RB_0000135
mRNA that encodes the alpha-actin isoform of the actin protein.
alpha-actin mRNA
alpha-actin messenger RNA
RB_0000136
A cell that expresses the NG2 proteoglycan, has certain precursor cell properties, including the ability to produce oligodendrocytes, and is found throughout the brain and spinal cord parenchyma.
NG2 cell
RB_0000137
A neuron with a cell body in the spinal cord.
spinal cord neuron
RB_0000138
A substance which slows down or prevents a particular chemical reaction or other process or which reduces the activity of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme.
inhibitor
RB_0000139
A procedure for measuring the biochemical or immunological activity of a sample.
assay
RB_0000140
A cell of the immune system, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells and macrophages/monocytes.
immune cell
RB_0000141
A piece of living tissue or collection of cells that is transplanted surgically.
graft
RB_0000142
The mechanisms and strategies used to protect against neuronal injury or degeneration in the central nervous system following insult, injury, or disease.
neuroprotection
RB_0000143
The process extending from the cell body of a neuron that normally carries information into the cell body. It is normally branched, and tapered so as to be thinner in its more distal portions.
dendrite
RB_0000144
A tissue section cut in a transverse plane.
transverse section
cross section
RB_0000145
A lineage-restricted neural precursor cell that expresses PDGFRA and often the proteoglycan NG2. These cells give rise to oligodendrocytes and possibly also to neurons and astrocytes.
oligodendrocyte precursor
resting astrocyte
RB_0000146
The formation of a new neuronal process from an existing neuronal process (axon or dendrite).
branching
RB_0000147
The activity of action potentials in which the inward current is carried by Na ions, Ca ions or neurotransmitters.
electrical activity
RB_0000148
The process by which an extracellular signal (chemical, electrical, or mechanical) is converted into a cellular response
signal transduction
RB_0000149
The process of increasing the amount of an RNA or protein species in a cell or tissue.
upregulation
RB_0000150
Unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury.
pain
RB_0000151
A polypeptide that binds to cell surface receptors to stimulate cell division, cell growth and/or cell survival.
growth factor
RB_0000152
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell.
cell death
GO:0008219
RB_0000153
A multipotent proliferative progenitor cell that is capable of self-renewal and of giving rise to all cell types of a defined lineage.
stem cell
RB_0000154
The regrowth of axons from their damaged proximal ends following severing.
axon regeneration
RB_0000155
The nucleotide polymer that is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
RB_0000156
A state of injury to tissue.
tissue damage
RB_0000158
Migration of immature neurons from their site of origin to some other location. This can occur in the central nervous system or in the periphery. The distance may be short, as in the developing retina, or substantial, as in the case of olfactory precursor cells and cells of the autonomic nervous sytstem.
neuronal migration
RB_0000160
Damage to the brain resulting in altered function caused by a blow, jolt, or penetrating wound.
traumatic brain injury
RB_0000161
A specialized glial cell that guides olfactory receptor axons from the nasal mucosa into the brain where it makes synaptic contacts in the olfactory bulb.
olfactory ensheathing cell
RB_0000163
An axon extending from a retinal ganglion cell.
retinal ganglion cell axon
RB_0000164
A neuron with a long axon that carries information from its anatomical region (area, nucleus or ganglion) to another region.
projection neuron
RB_0000167
A protein that, when combined with one or more other proteins, forms a receptor for some signaling molecule.
receptor subunit
RB_0000168
In motile cells, the internal polarity that defines ‘front’ and ‘back’ and allows locomotion.
cell polarity
RB_0000169
For a motile cell, a cytoplasmic extension from the cell in the direction of movement.
leading process
RB_0000170
An established population of cells that can be maintained indefinitely in culture provided the medium is replenished.
cell line
RB_0000171
The digestion of cellular components by the cell's own lysosomes. This can proceed by formation of intracellular membrane compartments that fuse with lysosomes or by direct import of the cell's components into lysosomes.
autophagy
RB_0000172
The large organelle of eukaryotic cells, bounded by the nuclear envelope, in which the chromosomes are located.
nucleus
RB_0000173
The single-stranded RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA and processed before being released to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a polypeptide.
mRNA
messenger RNA
RB_0000174
A response to injury or infection involving the migration and activation of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages/microglia, and lymphocytes.
Inflammatory response
inflammation
RB_0000175
Neuronal protein found in and normally concentrated in axons.
axonal protein
RB_0000176
Receptor that binds to and responds to the class of neurite outgrowth inhibitor called nogo.
nogo receptor
RB_0000177
Generally, a sheet or skin. In cell biology it almost invariably means a modified phospholipid bilayer with integral and peripheral proteins, the standard compartmentalizing barrier in and around cells.
membrane
RB_0000178
A strain, gene or characteristic which is rare among individuals in natural conditions, as distinct from a wild type.
mutant
RB_0000179
A member of the netrin family of proteins that mediates axonal growth cone guidance through both chemoattractive and chemorepulsive signaling.
netrin-1
RB_0000180
The death and subsequent loss of axons following disease, insult, or injury.
axon degeneration
RB_0000181
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
cell proliferation
RB_0000182
Material produced and secreted by cells, either in culture or in tissues, that self-assembles to take up space between the cells.
extracellular matrix
RB_0000183
The severing of an axon.
axotomy
RB_0000184
The main portion of a neuron around the nucleus and excluding long processes such as axons.
soma
cell body
RB_0000186
The two dimensional area covered by a growth cone, normally on a tissue culture plate.
growth cone area
RB_0000187
A neuron in the cerebral cortex.
cortical neuron
RB_0000188
Deficient supply of blood to the spinal cord that is due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood.
spinal cord ischemia
RB_0000189
A neuron in the dorsal horn.
dorsal horn neuron
RB_0000190
A set of defining structural features.
morphology
RB_0000191
A microtubule with a relatively short lifetime in the cell, and characterized by tyrosinated tubulin dimers.
dynamic microtubule
RB_0000192
Area of intact tissue surrounding a lesion.
spared tissue
RB_0000193
A transverse plane, also known as cross-section, divides the body into cranial and caudal (head and tail) portions.
transverse plane
RB_0000194
A control in which a perturbagen that is known to produce a consistent response is used. This gives the investigators confidence that the assay is performing as expected.
positive treatment control group
RB_0000195
Transient ischemia to a region of the brain cause by occlusion of a blood vessel, normally the middle cerebral artery.
focal cerebral ischemia
RB_0000196
The motile tip of a growing neurite that receives cues from the environment and transduces those cues into movement.
growth cone
RB_0000197
The state of a neuron's ability to transduce signals, generate electrical impulses or change the rate of firing of impulses.
neuronal activity
RB_0000198
Any process that influences the direction of axon growth.
axonal guidance
axon guidance
RB_0000199
Orientation, growth, or movement toward a source of a positive cue.
attraction
RB_0000200
A process following axon formation, in which the axon extends from the cell body (soma).
axon elongation
axon extension
axonal growth
axon growth
RB_0000202
A series of causally interacting molecular processes that produce a biological phenomenon.
molecular mechanism
RB_0000203
A component of the cytoskeleton, a tubule of 25 nm outside diameter with a wall 5 nm thick, assembled from heterodimers of tubulin packed in a regular fashion and associated with various other proteins (including microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), dynein, and kinesin).
microtubule
RB_0000205
An edge or boundary.
border
RB_0000206
A tissue or organ that has been removed from its source.
tissue explant
RB_0000207
Polymers of actin that confer mechanical properties and motility in a cell.
actin cytoskeleton
RB_0000208
The period between the formation of a cell by division of its mother cell and the time when the cell itself divides to form two daughter cells.
cell cycle
RB_0000209
A strain, gene, or characteristic which prevails among individuals in natural conditions, as distinct from an atypical mutant type.
wild-type
RB_0000210
A cell culture assay often using primary neurons with neurites, in which the neurons are perturbed using a gradient of a perturbagen administered via a micropipette near a growth cone. The assay evaluates whether the agent can influence turning of the growth cone by attraction or repulsion.
turning assay
RB_0000211
A neuron with a cell body in one of the sympathetic autonomic ganglia.
sympathetic neuron
RB_0000212
The process of remaining alive or in existence.
survival
RB_0000213
A coronal or frontal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions.
coronal plane
RB_0000214
The multiplication or reproduction of entities, resulting in the expansion of a population.
proliferation
RB_0000215
The state of being male or female.
gender
RB_0000216
A cell line derived from human embryo renal cortical cells (HEK293).
HEK293 cell line
RB_0000217
An axon extending from a neuron in the thalamus.
thalamic axon
RB_0000218
mRNA that encodes the beta-actin isoform of the actin protein.
beta-actin mRNA
beta-actin messenger RNA
RB_0000219
One of 31 divisions of the spinal cord, formed in relation to the embryonic myotomes, each of which gives rise to a spinal nerve.
spinal cord segment
RB_0000220
Receptor that binds to and responds to neurite outgrowth inhibitor nogo-66.
nogo-66 receptor
RB_0000221
The process of nerve tissue undergoing development by increasing in size and changing physically; maturation.
nerve growth
RB_0000222
Any process that influences growth or extension by causing movement away from the source of the cue.
repulsion
repulsive guidance
RB_0000223
A neuron that synapses on muscle cells and stimulates contraction.
motoneuron
motor neuron
RB_0000224
The proliferation, change in functional state, and/or hypertrophy of microglia. In its most extreme form activation of microglia/macrophages leads to severe inflammation.
microglial activation
RB_0000225
Receptor that binds to and responds to glutamate.
glutamate receptor
RB_0000226
The process of cutting the spinal cord in half transversely.
spinal cord transection
RB_0000227
The principal glial cell of the peripheral nervous system. Functions include producing peripheral myelin, guiding axons during development and regeneration, and providing support and synaptic regulation. Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells.
schwann cell
RB_0000228
A sagittal plane, being a plane parallel to the sagittal suture, divides the body into sinister and dexter (left and right) portions.
sagittal plane
RB_0000229
A linear nucleotide polymer with 3′,5′-phosphodiester linkages.
nucleic acid
RB_0000231
The translation of mRNA into polypeptides occurring in a specific cell compartment; especially in axons, dendrites, or growth cones of neurons.
local protein synthesis
RB_0000232
Kinase that acts on proteins, phosphorylating them on their serine, threonine, tyrosine, or histidine residues.
protein kinase
RB_0000233
The most numerous cell type in the nervous system, comprising most non-neuronal cells. Glia are generally divided into macroglia (astrocytes, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes) and microglia.
glial cell
RB_0000234
A protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho.
ROCK
Rho-associated protein kinase
RB_0000235
Cell that provides the structural and physiological support for hematopoetic cells.
bone marrow stromal cell
RB_0000236
A pluripotent cell with the capacity for induced in vitro differentiation into bone, fat or cartilage cells.
mesenchymal stem cell
RB_0000237
A chemical released from the presynaptic terminal of a neuron in response to depolarization, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds a post synaptic receptor, normally a ligand-gated ion channel or a 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor.
neurotransmitter
RB_0000238
A segment of an axon that splits off from the main projection.
axon branch
RB_0000239
A neuron in the hippocampus.
hippocampal neuron
RB_0000240
Pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system.
neuropathic pain
RB_0000242
A polymer of actin protein in the form of a thin, flexible fiber approximately 7 nm in diameter and up to several micrometers in length.
actin filament
RB_0000243
Dividing by cutting with a sharp edge. In the case of spinal cord injury research, a transection can be complete or partial, and is typically transverse, but may be longitudinal.
transection
RB_0000244
Growth or extension of axons guided by cues outside the neuron.
pathfinding
RB_0000245
The organelles that generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Morphologically variable and may be short and rod-like or long and branched. Contain non-chromosomal DNA and ribosomes and are surrounded by double membranes-- the inner one, which contains the components of the electron transport chain, is often infolded to form cristae.
mitochondria
RB_0000247
A serum-free medium developed to grow embryonic hippocampal neurons.
neurobasal medium
RB_0000248
Cells that have been transplanted into a tissue, typically in an attempt to restore function to a damaged area.
cell graft
RB_0000249
The removal of an existing myelin sheath in the peripheral or central nervous system.
demyelination
RB_0000250
A group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable(s) being tested cannot influence the results. This isolates the independent variable's effects on the experiment and can help rule out alternate explanations of the experimental results.
control group
RB_0000251
The process through which activated amino acids are polymerized to form polypeptides through association with mRNA and transfer RNAs on ribosomes.
protein synthesis
RB_0000252
The process of causing damage to nerve(s) or nerve tissue.
nerve injury
RB_0000253
Attachment of a cell to another cell, plasma membrane structure, or the extracellular matrix.
cell adhesion
GO:0007155
RB_0000255
The proliferation, change in functional state, and/or hypertrophy of different types of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. In its most extreme form, activation associated with astrogliosis leads to the formation of a glial scar, and activation of microglia/macrophages leads to severe inflammation.
glial activation
RB_0000256
The process of increasing in size or length and changing physically after damage or injury.
regrowth
RB_0000257
Small protein (~5-20 kDa) that is released by cells and that affects the behavior of other cells.
cytokine
RB_0000258
A state in which blood vessels and surrounding tissue are damaged or broken as the result of an injury.
contusion
RB_0000259
The cytoplasmic elements that confer mechanical properties and motility to a cell. The main components are long polymers of actin (microfilaments) that form a meshwork, polymers of tubulin (microtubules), and the intermediate filaments(polymers of various proteins), together with a range of anchoring, crosslinking, and motor proteins.
cytoskeleton
RB_0000260
(in pathology) The abnormal union of surfaces or parts, usually due to the formation of fibrous tissue following inflammation.
biological adhesion
GO:0022610
RB_0000261
Bundle of axons traveling outside the central nervous system (exception is the optic nerve, which travels from the retina to the optic chiasm).
nerve
RB_0000262
A process in which an axon experiences backward or inward movement of its terminal ending and the branch that gives rise to it.
retraction
RB_0000263
The process of surgically removing the posterior arch of a vertebra.
laminectomy
RB_0000264
The process whereby a cell, tissue, or organ changes to a less specialized or functionally less active form.
degeneration
RB_0000265
The uptake of external materials by cells through the invagination of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle or vacuole.
endocytosis
RB_0000266
A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
macromolecule
RB_0000267
Nerve that originates from the motor neurons and spinal ganglia of the lower lumbar and upper sacral region, and travels from lower back through the hips and buttocks and down the leg.
sciatic nerve
RB_0000268
Nerve that travels between the retina and the optic chiasm.
optic nerve
RB_0000269
A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions
chemical compound
compound
RB_0000270
A neuron in the dorsal root ganglion.
DRG sensory neuron
dorsal root ganglion neuron
RB_0000271
The process of restoring neural tissue to a healthy state after injury or damage.
neural repair
nervous system repair
RB_0000272
A labeled antibody added to recognize a primary antibody.
secondary antibody
RB_0000273
Cytokine that activates all or part of the systemic inflammatory cascade.
pro-inflammatory cytokine
RB_0000274
The protein kinase C family of serine/threonine protein kinases comprises 15 members divided into 3 subfamilies (conventional, novel, and atypical). These are differentially expressed and differentially regulated by intracellular mediators.
PKC
protein kinase C
RB_0000275
The process of axons growing in appropriate directions to reach their target cells.
axon pathfinding
RB_0000276
The part of an axon proximal to the growth cone, normally delineated from the tip by differing cytoskeletal features.
axon shaft
RB_0000277
An axon extending from a motor neuron.
motor axon
RB_0000278
A control for a surgical procedure in which aspects of the procedure other than the injury intended to induce the neurological effect itself are mimicked, including anaesthesia, surgical preparation (e.g., dissection, nerve exposure, laminectomy, durotomy) and post-operative treatments.
sham surgery control group
RB_0000279
Antibody produced by one of several clones of B lymphocytes and potentially directed at multiple epitopes.
polyclonal antibody
RB_0000280
A series of causally interacting signals that produce a biological phenomenon.
signaling mechanism
RB_0000281
The process of partially severing the dorsal region of the spinal cord.
dorsal hemisection
RB_0000284
The process of transversely partially severing the spinal cord.
incomplete transection
RB_0000285
Animal of the genus Rattus.
rat
RB_0000286
Cell death induced by necrosis.
necrosis
necrotic cell death
GO:0070265
RB_0000287
The process of causing damage to an entity or tissue.
injury
RB_0000288
Animal of the genus Mus.
mouse
RB_0000289
CNS neuron with a characteristic pyramidal shape to its cell body.
pyramidal neuron
RB_0000290
A chemical that inhibits protein kinase activity.
protein kinase inhibitor
RB_0000291
A member of a population of precursor cells with processes spanning the width of the developing CNS, from the ventricular surface to the pial surface. These cells give rise to neurons and glia.
radial glial cell
RB_0000292
A culture containing a thin flat piece cut from a tissue, such as a brain or spinal cord.
slice culture
RB_0000295
A chemical that inhibits kinase activity.
kinase inhibitor
RB_0000297
A cell surface protein that binds to one or more specific ligands on an adjacent cell or matrix, providing specificity in cell binding.
adhesion molecule
RB_0000298
A chemical compound, or cell surface or secreted protein that inhibits neurite growth and/or maintenance.
neurite growth inhibitor
RB_0000299
Astrocyte that exhibits a graded response to injury, including changes in gene expression, hypertrophy and process extension, and in some cases cell division.
reactive astrocyte
RB_0000300
A vector that will allow the gene that it is carrying to be expressed in the host cell into which it has been transfected. The vector usually contains a strong promoter, often inducible (e.g. under the control of the lac repressor and inducible with IPTG) and optimized for the host cell.
expression vector
RB_0000301
A self-replicating biological unit enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.
cell
RB_0000302
A bundle of axons in the central nervous system.
axon tract
RB_0000303
A single cell clonal line that responds reversibly to nerve growth factor (NGF) established from a transplantable rat adrenal pheochromocytoma. There are multiple sublines of PC12 cells with distinct morphological and growth properties.
PC12 cell line
RB_0000304
A group of samples/individals that is exposed to (one of) the independent variable (s) being tested.
treatment group
experimental group
RB_0000305
A protein encoded by an mRNA produced through the joining of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.
fusion protein
RB_0000306
A connective tissue cell that makes up supportive structures for other, functional cells of the tissue.
stromal cell
RB_0000307
Microglial cell with a specific ramified morphological phenotype, in a resting, unactivated state.
quiescent microglia
resting microglia
resting microglial cell
quiescent microglial cell
RB_0000308
A cell surface protein that binds to one or more specific ligands in the extracellular matrix adjacent to the cell, providing specfiity in cell-substrate binding.
substrate adhesion molecule
RB_0000310
The process of dendrite regrowth following injury.
dendrite regeneration
RB_0000311
Antibody added to recognize an antigen of interest.
primary antibody
RB_0000312
The process by which a nerve axon acquires a myelin sheath.
myelination
RB_0000313
Culture containing neuronal cells. The culture may be relatively pure neurons or may be a combination of neurons and support cells, such as astrocytes.
neuronal culture
RB_0000316
The process of neurite(s) undergoing development by increasing in size and changing physically; maturation.
neurite extension
neurite outgrowth
neurite growth
RB_0000319
The process of growth and differentiation of the neural system.
neural development
RB_0000320
The process by which nerve processes grow out either from the sides of intact axons or from intact nerve terminals, or from injured axons at regions other than from the cut ending.
sprouting
RB_0000321
The rounded swollen tip of a neurite that shows no net forward movement.
retraction bulb
RB_0000322
A cell or collection of cells transferred from one part of the body to another or from one animal to another.
cell transplant
RB_0000324
Wasting or decrease in size of a cell, tissue, or organ as a result of disuse, injury, or nutritional deficiency.
atrophy
RB_0000325
Tissue of the nervous system, including the brain, retina, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerves and sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems).
nervous tissue
neural tissue
RB_0000326
The process of sprouting following damage or injury.
regenerative sprouting
RB_0000327
The process of causing damage to nerve(s) or nerve tissue by compression.
nerve crush
RB_0000328
A section of a healthy nerve that has been removed from another part of the body or from another animal and is used to replace a damaged nerve.
nerve graft
RB_0000329
A kinase that phosphorylates the hydroxyl group of tyrosine residues on its substrate proteins. Tyrosine kinases are critical signal transduction elements in numerous cell biological pathways.
tyrosine kinase
RB_0000330
The transfer of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species into a tissue.
cell transplantation
RB_0000331
The addition of phosphates to a protein on hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues. A common method for regulating activity, the effect being reversed by protein phosphatases.
tyrosine phosphorylation
RB_0000332
The process of growth and differentiation.
development
RB_0000333
A pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo.
embryonic stem cell
RB_0000335
The brain is a soft, spongy mass of nerve cells and supportive cells. It has three major parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
brain
RB_0000336
A type of macroglial cell, expressing the intermediate filament protein GFAP and with numerous sheet-like processes extending from its cell body. Astrocytes are found throughout the central nervous system. There are multiple developmental and region-specific subtypes of astrocytes, and they have a wide array of functions from blood-brain barrier formation to synaptic plasticity.
astroglial cell
astrocyte
RB_0000337
Denoting the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs, distinguished biologically by the production of gametes (ova) which can be fertilized by male gametes.
female
RB_0000339
The process of tissue regrowth following damage or injury.
regeneration
RB_0000342
A chemical or biological substance administered to induce a specific therapeutic or experimental effect.
treatment
RB_0000343
An axon that crosses the midline to the other side of the central nervous system.
commissural axon
RB_0000344
A kinase that phosphorylates the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine or both on its substrate proteins.
serine-threonine kinase
RB_0000345
A control for experimental injury in which the animal is not injured.
injury control group
RB_0000346
A membrane bilayer, 5-10 nm thick, of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell.
cell membrane
cell surface
plasma membrane
RB_0000347
A group of samples/individuals used in a biological study.
study group
RB_0000348
An increase in the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process.
activation
RB_0000350
The process of growth and differentiation of neurons.
neuronal development
RB_0000351
Pain lasting longer than 3-6 months, or beyond the "normal" period of healing.
chronic pain
RB_0000352
Secondary damage is a state that is an indirect result of an insult. It results from processes initiated by trauma. It occurs in the hours and days following a primary injury and may play a large role in the damage and death that results from spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Factors that contribute to secondary damage include excitotoxicity, breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, edema, ischemia hypoxia, and immune system reaction.
secondary damage
RB_0000353
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
biological process
RB_0000354
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a neuronal cell.
neuronal cell death
RB_0000355
A long thin spike-like cell projection containing actin filaments that extends from a growth cone.
growth cone filopodium
RB_0000356
The process extending from the cell body of a neuron that normally carries outgoing action potentials towards the target cell. These are generally of a constant radius and may be very long (millimeters to centimeters).
nerve fiber
axon
RB_0000357
A microtubule with a relatively long lifetime in the cell (in contrast to a dynamic microtubule), and characterized by the presence of detyrosinated and acetylated tubulin dimers
stable microtubule
RB_0000358
A member of VEGF subfamily of the PDGF growth factor family; the mature form is a disulfide linked homodimer. This protein is a glycosylated mitogen that acts through receptor tyrosine kinases and other receptors on endothelial cells and numerous other cell types.
Endothelial cell growth factor
VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor
RB_0000359
An excitable cell that transmits electrical signals to recipient cells through synapses.
neuron
RB_0000360
A protein kinase that phosphorylates its substrate proteins both on serine or threonine and on tyrosine residues.
dual specificity kinase
RB_0000361
A hollow place or space, or a potential space, within the body or one of its organs. The thoracic cavity is an example. An abnormal cavity can also occur in a tissue, like the spinal cord, as a result of some injury followed by an inflammatory reaction.
cavity
RB_0000362
The process of undergoing development by increasing in size and changing physically; maturation.
extension
outgrowth
growth
RB_0000363
A neuron with a peripheral axon or specialized terminal that is activated by sensory input, and transmits a signal to the CNS.
sensory neuron
RB_0000364
Any process that influences the direction of neuron projection migration.
neuron projection guidance
RB_0000365
A neuron with both cell body and axonal projections confined to the spinal cord.
propriospinal neuron
RB_0000366
Any process that influences the direction of dendrite growth.
dendrite guidance
RB_0000367
The process of causing damage to the spinal cord.
spinal cord injury
RB_0000368
The addition of phosphates to a protein on hydroxyl groups either of serine or threonine residues or both. A common method for regulating activity, the effect being reversed by protein phosphatases.
serine-threonine phosphorylation
RB_0000369
A distinct component of something.
subunit
RB_0000370
The part of the central nervous system lodged in the spinal canal, extending from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body. It is composed of an inner core of gray substance in which nerve cells predominate and an outer layer of white substance in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate.
spinal cord
RB_0000371
The process of neuron regrowth following injury.
neuron regeneration
RB_0000372
The process of producing a reaction in a sensory end organ by a mechanical agent or stimulus that initiates a nerve impulse and results in functional activity of an effector.
mechanical stimulation
RB_0000373
An area of damaged tissue that is the result of an injury.
lesion
RB_0000374
The death and subsequent loss of neurons following disease, insult, or injury.
neuron degeneration
RB_0000375
An organism of the kingdom Animalia.
animal
RB_0000376
An axon extending from a neuron in the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, the premotor cortex, or the somatosensory cortex.
corticospinal tract axon
RB_0000393
A chemical (typically a polypeptide) that binds to cell surface receptors to inhibit cell division, cell growth and/or cell survival.
growth inhibitor
RB_0000431
A protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence upstream of a coding region and triggers the assembly of an RNA polymerase complex and the production of mRNA or other RNA species.
transcription factor
RB_0000432
A tissue section cut in a sagittal plane.
sagittal section
RB_0000434
A tissue section cut in a coronal plane.
coronal section
RB_0000435
A tissue section cut in a longitudinal plane.
longitudinal section
RB_0000436
A body plane of section is an imaginary flat surface that is used to define a particular area of anatomy.
plane of section
RB_0000437
A quantitative description that reflects the magnitude of some attribute.
measurement
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000070
RB_0000438
Receptor that induces apoptosis in the absence of the required stimulus (when occupied by a trophic ligand, or possibly when bound by a competing, nontrophic ligand), but blocks apoptosis following binding to its ligand.
dependence receptor
RB_0000439
Any RNA longer than 200 nucleotides that does not encode a protein.
long non-coding rna
RB_0000440
A linear polymer of ribose units linked through 3′ and 5′ positions by a phosphodiester bond and with a purine or pyrimidine base attached in the 1′ position.
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RB_0000441
A substructure of a neuronal process.
neuronal process part
RB_0000442
A segment of a neuronal process that splits off from the main projection.
branch
RB_0000443
The part of a neurite proximal to the tip or growth cone, normally delineated from the tip by differing cytoskeletal features.
shaft
RB_0000444
The part of a dendrite proximal to the tip or growth cone, normally delineated from the tip by differing cytoskeletal features.
dendrite shaft
RB_0000445
A segment of a dendrite that splits off from the main projection.
dendrite branch
RB_0000447
Morphology of a growth cone in which filopodia and lamellipodia have retracted, leaving a smooth convex tip.
collapsed morphology
RB_0000448
Morphological feature involving slender elongated cytoplasmic projections containing actin filaments.
filopodial
RB_0000449
Morphological feature involving sheet-like cytoplasmic protrusions containing actin meshwork.
lamellipodial
RB_0000457
The process of exposing a cell or tissue to a chemical to provoke a specific response.
chemical stimulation
RB_0000458
The process of exposing a cell or tissue to a neurotransmitter to provoke a specific response.
neurotransmitter stimulation
RB_0000459
The process of exposing a cell or tissue to a growth factor to provoke a specific response.
growth factor stimulation
RB_000046
The developmental stage of an animal while it is isolated from the external environment by egg membranes, fetal membranes, etc.
embryo
RB_0000460
The transfer of a tissue from one part of the body to another or from one animal to another.
tissue transplantation
RB_0000462
The process of growth and differentiation of glial cells.
glial development
RB_0000464
In peripheral nervous system Wallerian degeneration, the myelin sheaths separate from the degenerating axons at the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures first and then rapidly deteriorate and shorten to form bead-like structures. Schwann cells continue to clear up the myelin debris by degrading their own myelin, phagocytose extracellular myelin and attract macrophages to myelin debris for further phagocytosis.
peripheral nervous system Wallerian degeneration
PNS Wallerian degeneration
RB_0000465
In central nervous system Wallerian degeneration, oligodendrocytes either undergo programmed cell death or enter a state of rest. Therefore, unlike Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes fail to clean up the myelin sheaths and their debris. Myelin debris can persist for months to years.
central nervous system Wallerian degeneration
CNS Wallerian degeneration
RB_0000466
The proliferation, change in functional state, and/or hypertrophy of astrocytes. In its most extreme form, activation associated with astrogliosis leads to the formation of a glial scar.
astrocyte activation
RB_0000467
A GTPase is a hydrolase enzyme that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases.
GTPase
RB_0000468
Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase protein known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
RhoA
Ras homolog family member A
RB_0000469
A biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a glial cell.
glial cell death
RB_0000470
The movement of a growth cone that accompanies the extension of an axon, dendrite or neurite.
growth cone migration
RB_0000471
Any process involving a signal or cue that repels a growth cone (or axonal tip) from the source of the signal.
growth cone repulsion
RB_0000472
The process of causing a contusion.
contusive injury
RB_0000473
The process of causing a contusion by dropping a weight onto the spinal cord.
weight drop injury
RB_0000474
The process of causing a contusion by applying an impactor to the spinal cord.
impactor injury
RB_0000475
The process of causing a contusion by applying an NYU impactor to the spinal cord.
NYU impactor injury
RB_0000476
The process of causing a contusion by applying an Ohio State University impactor to the spinal cord.
Ohio State University impactor injury
RB_0000477
The process of causing a contusion by applying an Infinite Horizon impactor to the spinal cord.
Infinite Horizon impactor injury
RB_0000478
The process of causing a contusion by applying clip compression to the spinal cord.
clip compression injury
RB_0000479
The process of causing a contusion to the spinal cord.
spinal cord contusive injury
RB_0000480
Microglial cell activated by either LPS or INF-gamma, and that leads to tissue damage.
M1 microglia
M1 microglial cell
RB_0000481
A physical entity that is spatially extended, exists as a whole at any point in time and has mass.
material entity
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000004
RB_0000482
A prolongation or process extending from a cell.
cell projection
RB_0000483
A characteristic of some entity.
attribute
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000614
RB_0000484
An attribute that is intrinsically associated with its bearer (or its parts), but whose presence/absence and observed/measured value may vary.
quality
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000005
RB_0000485
A realizable entity that describes behaviors, rights and obligations of an entity in some particular circumstance.
role
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000016
RB_0000486
An object that requires some background knowledge or procedure to correctly interpret.
information content entity
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000015
RB_0000487
The genetic constitution of an organism.
genotype
RB_0000488
Region containing the least amount of spared peripheral rim white matter.
lesion epicenter
RB_0000489
Any structurally discrete component of a cell.
organelle
RB_0000491
A contiguous temporal region having some duration.
time interval
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000417
RB_0000495
A capability that satisfies some agentive objective, or (evolutionary) optimization.
function
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000017
RB_0000496
Microglial cell activated by IL-4, IL-10 or IL-13 and exhibiting an anti-inflammatory response, leading to tissue repair.
M2 microglia
M2 microglial cell
RB_0000497
A set for which there exists at least one member, although any member need not to exist at any point in the collection's existence.
collection
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000616
RB_0000498
A material entity composed of chemical(s).
chemical entity
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010004
RB_0000499
A material entity that is composed of more than one different kind of chemical component.
heterogeneous substance
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010462
RB_0000500
A heterogeneous substance that contains genomic material or is the product of a biological process.
biological entity
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010046
RB_0000501
A part of the body, composed of more than one tissue, that forms a structural unit responsible for a particular function (or functions).
organ
RB_0000502
A subsection of an organ.
organ part
RB_0000503
The axis of the central nervous system formed by the embryonic spinal cord, rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, and diencephalon.
neuraxis
RB_0000505
The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
brain stem
RB_0007006
A chemical that inhibits protein synthesis.
protein synthesis inhibitor
RB_0008000
An entity that is identifiable only through the unfolding of time, has temporal parts, and unless otherwise specified/predicted, cannot be identified from any instant of time in which it exists.
process
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000006
RB_0008001
Macromolecules that are selective catalysts, accelerating both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions. Most known enzymes are proteins, although catalytic RNA molecules have been identified. Enzymes adopt a specific three-dimensional structure, and may employ organic (e.g. biotin) and inorganic (e.g. magnesium ion) cofactors to assist in catalysis.
enzyme
RB_0008002
A neuron in layer V of the primary motor cortex that projects to the spinal cord and is involved in controlling movement.
pyramidal tract neuron
RB_0008003
The state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order.
condition
RB_0008004
An axon originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the spinal cord.
propiospinal axon
RB_0008005
An area of damaged tissue that is the result of a spinal cord injury.
spinal cord lesion
RB_0008006
A cavity that forms at distant sites from the primary injury site after a spinal cord injury. A secondary lesion cavity appears later compared to the primary lesion cavity, and lacks the macrophages found in the primary lesion cavity.
secondary lesion cavity
RB_0008008
A control for a surgical procedure in which all aspects of a surgical procedure including the laminectomy are mimicked, including anaesthesia, surgical preparation and post-operative treatment.
laminectomy control group
RB_0008009
A control in which a treatment/perturbagen with a known response effect is used (positive control) or different aspects of the treatment delivery, other than the perturbagen per se, are used (negative control). This gives the investigators confidence that the assay measuring the effect is performing as expected, and that the treatment effect is due to the perturbagen itself.
treatment control group
RB_0008010
A control for experimental treatment in which neither the perturbagen nor its vehicle is added.
no treatment control group
RB_0008011
A control for experimental treatment in which an inactive form of the treatment is substituted for the active form, such as a scrambled siRNA, a plasmid/virus with inactive insert, or an inactive but related chemical compound.
inactive treatment control group
RB_0008012
A control for a surgical procedure in which all aspects of the surgical procedure including the laminectomy are mimicked, including anaesthesia, surgical preparation and post-operative treatment, but dura remains intact.
dura intact control group
RB_0008013
A control for a surgical procedure in which all aspects of the surgical procedure including the laminectomy are mimicked, including anaesthesia, surgical preparation and post-operative treatment and the dura is opened.
dura open control group
RB_0008014
A control for experimental injury in which the animal is not injured, and does not receive anaesthesia or post-operative treatments such as antibiotics, analgesics or injected fluids.
naive control group
RB_0008015
Neuronal Nuclei
NeuN
RB_0008016
A quantitative or qualitative assessment of the behavioral outcome of an experiment.
behavioral assessment
RB_0008017
A behavioral assessment (the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan open field locomotion score) that quantifies the recovery of locomotion following a spinal cord injury in rats on a scale of 0-21.
Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field locomotion score
BBB score
RB_0008018
A sub-evaluation of the BBB score that measures paw rotation and toe clearance of the hindlimb on a scale of 0-5.
BBB subscore
RB_0008019
A behavioral assessment (the Basso mouse scale) that quantifies the recovery of locomotion following a spinal cord injury in mice on a scale of 0-9.
BMS score
RB_0008020
A sub-evaluation of the BMS scale that measures stepping frequency, coordination, paw position, trunk stability and tail position on a scale of 0-11.
BMS subscore
RB_0008021
A quantitative assessment of the ability of a rat or mouse to traverse a series of irregularly spaced rungs in a horizontal walkway, aimed to quantify deficits in motor control.
gridwalk performance
RB_0008022
A quantitative assessment of responsiveness to putatively painful stimuli.
nociception assay
RB_0008023
The frequency with which a rat or mouse withdraws its paw from a source of painful stimulus.
paw withdrawal frequency
RB_0008024
The amount of time it takes for a rat or mouse to withdraw its paw from a source of painful stimulus.
paw withdrawal latency
RB_0008025
The amount of time it takes for a rat or mouse to flick its tail in response to a painful heat stimulus.
tail flick latency
RB_0008026
The frequency with which a rat or mouse successfully grasps a food pellet with a paw.
paw grasping frequency
RB_0008027
The frequency with which a rat or mouse successfully grasps a food pellet with an paw innervated from the injured side of the spinal cord.
injured paw grasping frequency
RB_0008028
A quantitative or qualitative assessment of a neuroanatomical property of an experimental subject.
neuroanatomical assessment
RB_0008029
A quantitative assessment of the volume of a lesion created by a central nervous system injury.
lesion volume
RB_0008030
A quantitative assessment of the amount of central nervous system tissue that is left undamaged by a central nervous system injury.
central nervous system tissue sparing
RB_0008031
A quantitative assessment of the amount of white matter that is left undamaged by a central nervous system injury.
tissue sparing of white matter
RB_0008032
A quantitative assessment of the amount of gray matter that is left undamaged by a central nervous system injury.
tissue sparing of gray matter
RB_0008033
A count of the axons present in a defined region.
number of axons
RB_0008034
A quantitative assessment of the number of discrete fibers present in a region that stain positive for tyrosine hydroxylase.
number of tyrosine hydrolase positive axons
RB_0008035
A quantitative assessment of a physiological property of an experimental subject.
physiological assessment
RB_0008036
A quantitative assessment of evoked action potential frequency in a neuron or neuronal population.
neuron responsiveness
RB_0008037
A quantitative assessment of evoked action potential frequency in a dorsal horn neuron or dorsal horn neuronal population.
dorsal horn neuron responsiveness
RB_0008038
A quantitative assessment of higher-than-normal activity of neurons caused by an experimental intervention.
neuronal hyperactivity
RB_0008039
A quantitative assessment of action potential frequency in the phrenic nerve.
phrenic nerve activity
RB_0008040
A quantitative or qualitative description of the result of an experiment.
outcome measure
RB_0008041
A quantitative assessment of the number of corticospinal tract axons present in a region.
number of corticospinal tract axons
RB_0008042
The conversion of genetic information in DNA to RNA, through transcription, and/or, in the case of protein coding genes, of mRNA into protein, through translation.
gene expression
RB_0008043
A cell that has been identified by TUNEL assay as containing fragmented DNA
TUNEL positive cell
RB_0008044
A cell that is positive for neuronal nuclei markers.
NeuN positive cell
RB_0008045
A decrease in the number of cells or cell density in a specific area.
cell loss
RB_0008046
The terminal branching of a neuronal process in treelike pattern.
arborization
RB_0008047
the process of formation of a cavity in tissue following spinal cord injury
cavity formation
RB_0008048
A quantitative assessment of the size of a cavity created by a central nervous system injury
cavity size
RB_0008049
protein, filaments and other molecules generated by neuraxonal degradation
neuronal debris
RB_0008050
A cell that stains positively for the presence of vimentin, an intermediate filament for mesenchymal tissue.
vimentin positive cell
1.0
Alison Callahan
John Bixby
Saminda Abeyruwan
Ubbo Visser
Vance Lemmon
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Revision 114
1.0
RB_0000377
The process by which a particular sequence of bases in messenger RNA (mRNA) determines a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain during protein and peptide biosynthesis.
mrna translation
RB_0000461
The transfer of an organ from one part of the body to another or from one animal to another.
has expression
organ transplantation
RB_0000463
The process of damaging the myelin sheath of a neuron causing it to break down.
myelin degeneration