format-version: 1.0 date: 05:01:2007 09:19 saved-by: kirill auto-generated-by: DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3 default-namespace: rex.obo remark: autogenerated-by: DAG-Edit version 1.419 rev 3 remark: saved-by: kirill remark: date: Thu Jan 04 14:25:43 GMT 2007 remark: version: $Revision: 1.13 $ [Typedef] id: BY name: can be determined by [Term] id: REX:0000000 name: physico-chemical process ontology [Term] id: REX:0000001 name: process def: "A phenomenon by which change takes place in a system. In physiological systems\, a process may be chemical\, physical or both." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04858.html] synonym: "physico-chemical process" [] relationship: part_of REX:0000000 ! physico-chemical process ontology [Term] id: REX:0000002 name: chemical reaction def: "A process involving the interconversion of chemical species." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000003 name: nuclear transformation def: "The change of one nuclide into another with a different proton number or nucleon number." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04240.html] is_a: REX:0000011 ! nuclear transition [Term] id: REX:0000004 name: nuclear decay def: "A spontaneous nuclear transformation." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04227.html] is_a: REX:0000003 ! nuclear transformation [Term] id: REX:0000005 name: nuclear disintegration def: "Nuclear decay involving a splitting into more nuclei or the emission of particles." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04228.html] is_a: REX:0000004 ! nuclear decay [Term] id: REX:0000006 name: electron capture def: "A nuclear transformation in which the nucleus captures an orbital electron." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01980.html] is_a: REX:0000007 ! beta-decay is_a: REX:0000010 ! capture [Term] id: REX:0000007 name: beta-decay def: "Nuclear decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html] is_a: REX:0000012 ! radioactive decay [Term] id: REX:0000008 name: nuclear fusion reaction def: "A reaction between two light nuclei resulting in the production of a nuclear species heavier than either initial nucleus." [ISBN:0865426848, http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04232.html] synonym: "nuclear fusion" [] is_a: REX:0000025 ! nuclear reaction [Term] id: REX:0000009 name: radiative capture def: "Capture of a particle by a nucleus followed by immediate emission of gamma radiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05061.html] is_a: REX:0000010 ! capture [Term] id: REX:0000010 name: capture def: "A process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00796.html] is_a: REX:0000003 ! nuclear transformation [Term] id: REX:0000011 name: nuclear transition def: "For a nucleus a change from one quantized energy state into another or a nuclear transformation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04241.html] is_a: REX:0000014 ! subatomic process [Term] id: REX:0000012 name: radioactive decay def: "Nuclear decay in which particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted or the nucleus undergoes spontaneous fission or electron capture." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05083.html] is_a: REX:0000004 ! nuclear decay relationship: part_of REX:0000286 ! autoradiolysis [Term] id: REX:0000013 name: spontaneous fission def: "Nuclear fission which occurs without the addition of particles or energy to the nucleus." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05887.html] synonym: "fission" [] is_a: REX:0000012 ! radioactive decay is_a: REX:0000015 ! nuclear fission [Term] id: REX:0000014 name: subatomic process is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000015 name: nuclear fission def: "The division of a nucleus into two or more parts with masses of equal order of magnitude\, usually accompanied by the emission of neutrons\, gamma radiation and\, rarely\, small charged nuclear fragments." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04229.html] is_a: REX:0000003 ! nuclear transformation [Term] id: REX:0000016 name: thermal fission def: "Fission caused by thermal neutrons." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06302.html] is_a: REX:0000024 ! induced fission [Term] id: REX:0000017 name: alpha-decay def: "Radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00005.html] is_a: REX:0000012 ! radioactive decay [Term] id: REX:0000018 name: gamma-decay is_a: REX:0000012 ! radioactive decay [Term] id: REX:0000019 name: gamma emission is_a: REX:0000018 ! gamma-decay [Term] id: REX:0000020 name: internal conversion is_a: REX:0000018 ! gamma-decay [Term] id: REX:0000021 name: internal pair production is_a: REX:0000018 ! gamma-decay is_a: REX:0000288 ! electron-positron pair production [Term] id: REX:0000022 name: electron emission synonym: "beta emission" [] synonym: "beta negative emission" [] synonym: "beta- emission" [] synonym: "negative beta decay" [] is_a: REX:0000007 ! beta-decay [Term] id: REX:0000023 name: positron emission synonym: "beta positive emission" [] synonym: "beta+ emission" [] synonym: "positive beta decay" [] is_a: REX:0000007 ! beta-decay [Term] id: REX:0000024 name: induced fission is_a: REX:0000015 ! nuclear fission is_a: REX:0000025 ! nuclear reaction [Term] id: REX:0000025 name: nuclear reaction def: "A transformation of a nucleus which occurs (i) when another nuclear particle approaches closely enough to be influenced by the mutual attractive nuclear force between them or (ii) when affected by an electromagnetic force of sufficient strength." [http://www.iupac.org/ACD/V7_karol/N.html#anchor425553] is_a: REX:0000003 ! nuclear transformation [Term] id: REX:0000026 name: excitation def: "Process causing the transition of a system from one state to another of higher energy." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02248.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000027 name: photoexcitation def: "The production of an excited state by the absorption of ultraviolet\, visible\, or infrared radiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04613.html] is_a: REX:0000026 ! excitation relationship: part_of REX:0000032 ! photophysical process relationship: part_of REX:0000329 ! photoabsorption [Term] id: REX:0000028 name: electron transfer def: "The transfer of an electron from one molecular entity to another\, or between two localized sites in the same molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02011.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process relationship: part_of REX:0000213 ! electrochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000029 name: outer-sphere electron transfer def: "A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with no or very weak (4-16 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the reactants in the transition state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04351.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000030 name: inner-sphere electron transfer def: "A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with significant (>20 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the donor and acceptor centres in the transition state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03052.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000031 name: photoinduced electron transfer def: "An electron transfer resulting from an electronic state produced by the resonant interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04617.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000032 name: photophysical process def: "Photoexcitation and subsequent events which lead from one to another state of a molecular entity through radiation and radiationless transitions. No chemical change results." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04647.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000033 name: photochemical reaction def: "A chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet\, visible\, or infrared radiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04585.html] synonym: "photoreaction" [] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000034 name: photolysis def: "The cleavage of one or more covalent bonds in a molecular entity resulting from absorption of light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04624.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000035 name: photoionization def: "Ionization of any species by photons." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04620.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000152 ! ionization [Term] id: REX:0000036 name: photocatalysis def: "Catalytic reaction involving light absorption by a catalyst or by a substrate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04580.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000037 name: photoassisted catalysis def: "Catalytic reaction involving production of a catalyst by absorption of light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04579.html] is_a: REX:0000036 ! photocatalysis [Term] id: REX:0000038 name: photoluminescence def: "Luminescence arising from photoexcitation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04623.html] is_a: REX:0000032 ! photophysical process is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000039 name: excitation energy transfer def: "A photophysical process in which an excited state of one molecular entity (the donor) is deactivated to a lower-lying state by transferring energy to a second molecular entity (the acceptor) which is thereby raised to a higher energy state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02116.html] synonym: "energy transfer" [] is_a: REX:0000032 ! photophysical process [Term] id: REX:0000040 name: radiative energy transfer def: "Transfer of excitation energy by radiative deactivation of a donor molecular entity and reabsorption of the emitted light by an acceptor molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05063.html] is_a: REX:0000039 ! excitation energy transfer [Term] id: REX:0000041 name: Forster excitation transfer def: "A mechanism of excitation transfer which can occur between molecular entities separated by distances considerably exceeding the sum of their van der Waals radii." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02488.html] synonym: "dipole-dipole excitation transfer" [] is_a: REX:0000039 ! excitation energy transfer [Term] id: REX:0000042 name: Dexter excitation transfer def: "Excitation transfer occurring as a result of an electron exchange mechanism. It requires an overlap of the wavefunctions of the energy donor and the energy acceptor." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01654.html] synonym: "electron exchange excitation transfer" [] is_a: REX:0000039 ! excitation energy transfer [Term] id: REX:0000043 name: fluorescence def: "Luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02453.html] is_a: REX:0000038 ! photoluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000044 name: phosphorescence def: "Luminescence involving change in spin multiplicity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04569.html] is_a: REX:0000038 ! photoluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000045 name: photoreduction def: "Reduction reactions induced by light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04650.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000046 name: atomic fluorescence def: "A combined process of photon absorption by an atom followed by spontaneous photon emission." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00494.html] is_a: REX:0000043 ! fluorescence [Term] id: REX:0000047 name: photooxidation def: "Oxidation reactions induced by light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04640.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000048 name: electronation def: "The complete transfer of one or more electrons to a molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05222.html] synonym: "reduction" [] relationship: part_of REX:0000436 ! reductive elimination relationship: part_of REX:0000444 ! reduction relationship: part_of REX:0000451 ! photoelectronation [Term] id: REX:0000049 name: de-electronation def: "The complete removal of one or more electrons from a molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04362.html] synonym: "oxidation" [] relationship: part_of REX:0000435 ! oxidative addition relationship: part_of REX:0000445 ! oxidation [Term] id: REX:0000050 name: photooxygenation def: "The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a molecular entity induced by light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04641.html] is_a: REX:0000047 ! photooxidation [Term] id: REX:0000051 name: catalytic reaction is_a: REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000052 name: autocatalytic reaction def: "A chemical reaction in which a product (or a reaction intermediate) also functions as a catalyst." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00525.html] is_a: REX:0000051 ! catalytic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000053 name: chain reaction def: "A reaction in which one or more reactive reaction intermediates are continuously regenerated\, usually through a repetitive cycle of elementary steps (the 'propagation step')." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00960.html] is_a: REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000054 name: electron-transfer induced chain reaction def: "A sequence of reactions such as shown in equations \[1\]-\[3\]\, leading from A to B\: \[1\] A + e- --> A.- ; \[2\] A.- --> B.- ; \[3\] B.- + A --> B + A.- ; an analogous sequence involving radical cations (A.+\, B.+) is also observed." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02012.html] synonym: "electron-transfer catalysis" [] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer is_a: REX:0000053 ! chain reaction [Term] id: REX:0000055 name: elementary reaction def: "A reaction for which no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated in order to describe the chemical reaction on a molecular scale." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02035.html] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000056 name: stepwise reaction def: "A chemical reaction with at least one reaction intermediate and involving at least two consecutive elementary reactions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05970.html] synonym: "consecutive reactions" [] is_a: REX:0000057 ! composite reaction [Term] id: REX:0000057 name: composite reaction def: "A chemical reaction for which the expression for the rate of disappearance of a reactant (or rate of appearance of a product) involves rate constants of more than a single elementary reaction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01211.html] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000058 name: reaction step def: "An elementary reaction\, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or\, for the first step\, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or\, for the last step\, the products) in the sequence of intermediates between reactants and products." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05178.html] is_a: REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000068 ! reaction stage [Term] id: REX:0000059 name: chain reaction step is_a: REX:0000058 ! reaction step relationship: part_of REX:0000053 ! chain reaction [Term] id: REX:0000060 name: chain initiation def: "A reaction or process generating free radicals (or some other reactive reaction intermediates) which then induce a chain reaction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03042.html] synonym: "initiation" [] is_a: REX:0000059 ! chain reaction step [Term] id: REX:0000061 name: chain branching def: "When in a chain reaction there is a net increase in the number of chain carriers there is said to be chain branching." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00948.html] is_a: REX:0000059 ! chain reaction step relationship: part_of REX:0000065 ! branching chain reaction [Term] id: REX:0000062 name: degenerate chain branching def: "Sometimes chain branching is brought about by an intermediate which has a long lifetime compared with an ordinary free radical. If this intermediate can break down in different ways\, only one of which leads to branching\, there may be a relatively slow increase in the number of radicals\, and there is said to be degenerate chain branching." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01557.html] is_a: REX:0000061 ! chain branching [Term] id: REX:0000063 name: chain termination def: "The steps in a chain reaction in which reactive intermediates are destroyed or rendered inactive\, thus ending the chain." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06274.html] synonym: "termination" [] is_a: REX:0000059 ! chain reaction step [Term] id: REX:0000064 name: chain propagation def: "An elementary step in a chain reaction in which one chain carrier is converted into another. The conversion can be a unimolecular reaction or a bimolecular reaction with a reactant molecule." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00959.html] synonym: "chain-propagating reaction" [] synonym: "propagating reaction" [] is_a: REX:0000059 ! chain reaction step [Term] id: REX:0000065 name: branching chain reaction def: "A chain reaction which includes a propagation step or steps in which there is an increase in the number of active intermediates." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00723.html] is_a: REX:0000053 ! chain reaction [Term] id: REX:0000066 name: rate-controlling step def: "An elementary reaction the rate constant for which exerts a strong effect - stronger than that of any other rate constant - on the overall rate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05139.html] synonym: "rate-determining step" [] synonym: "rate-limiting" [] is_a: REX:0000058 ! reaction step [Term] id: REX:0000067 name: product-determining step def: "The step of a stepwise reaction\, in which the product distribution is determined. The product-determining step may be identical to\, or occur later than\, the rate-controlling step on the reaction coordinate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04862.html] is_a: REX:0000058 ! reaction step [Term] id: REX:0000068 name: reaction stage def: "A set of one or more (possibly experimentally inseparable) reaction steps leading to and/or from a detectable or presumed reaction intermediate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05177.html] relationship: part_of REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000069 name: parallel reactions def: "Composite reactions\, in which processes like A --> Y and B --> Z occur in parallel." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05680.html] synonym: "simultaneous reactions" [] is_a: REX:0000057 ! composite reaction [Term] id: REX:0000070 name: opposing reactions def: "Composite reactions\, occurring in forward and reverse directions\: A + B <=> Z." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04302.html] is_a: REX:0000057 ! composite reaction [Term] id: REX:0000071 name: biomacromolecule-catalysed reaction is_a: REX:0000081 ! specific catalysis is_a: REX:0000103 ! biochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000072 name: enzymatic reaction synonym: "enzyme-catalysed reaction" [] is_a: REX:0000077 ! protein-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000073 name: abzymatic reaction synonym: "catalytic antibody reaction" [] is_a: REX:0000077 ! protein-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000074 name: deoxyribozymatic reaction synonym: "deoxyribozyme-catalysed reaction" [] xref_analog: PUBMED:12022469 xref_analog: PUBMED:12041740 xref_analog: PUBMED:12044032 is_a: REX:0000075 ! nucleic acid-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000075 name: nucleic acid-catalysed reaction xref_analog: PUBMED:12749730 is_a: REX:0000071 ! biomacromolecule-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000076 name: ribozymatic reaction synonym: "ribozyme-catalysed reaction" [] xref_analog: PUBMED:12831882 xref_analog: PUBMED:12869701 xref_analog: PUBMED:13678961 is_a: REX:0000075 ! nucleic acid-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000077 name: protein-catalysed reaction is_a: REX:0000071 ! biomacromolecule-catalysed reaction [Term] id: REX:0000078 name: catalysis def: "The action of a catalyst." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00874.html] relationship: part_of REX:0000051 ! catalytic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000079 name: general acid catalysis def: "The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted acids HA (which may include the solvated hydrogen ion). The acids HA are unchanged by the overall reaction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02609.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000080 name: general base catalysis def: "The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted bases (which may include the lyate ion)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02610.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000081 name: specific catalysis def: "The acceleration of a reaction by a unique catalyst\, rather than by a family of related substances." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05796.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000082 name: homogeneous catalysis def: "Catalysis in which only one phase is involved." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000083 name: heterogeneous catalysis def: "Catalysis occurring at or near an interface between phases." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis is_a: REX:0000206 ! surface process [Term] id: REX:0000084 name: noncatalytic reaction is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000085 name: thermal reaction def: "A chemical reaction caused by absorption of thermal energy." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000368 ! endothermic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000086 name: thermolysis def: "The uncatalysed cleavage of one or more covalent bonds resulting from exposure of a compound to a raised temperature\, or a process in which such cleavage is an essential part." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06326.html] is_a: REX:0000085 ! thermal reaction [Term] id: REX:0000087 name: transformation def: "The conversion of a substrate into a particular product\, irrespective of reagents or mechanisms involved." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06446.html] relationship: part_of REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000088 name: substitution def: "Transformation of the general type\: AX + Y --> AY + X." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation relationship: part_of REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000419 ! substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000089 name: addition is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation relationship: part_of REX:0000110 ! lyase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000090 name: cycloaddition def: "A reaction in which two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01496.html] is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction is_a: REX:0000433 ! pericyclic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000091 name: alpha-addition def: "A chemical reaction resulting in a single reaction product from two or three reacting chemical species\, with formation of two new chemical bonds to the same atom in one of the reactant molecular entities." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00001.html] synonym: "1/1/addition" [] is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000092 name: elimination def: "In an elimination two groups (called eliminands) are lost most often from two different centres (1/2/elimination or 1/3/elimination\, etc.) with concomitant formation of an unsaturation in the molecule (double bond\, triple bond) or formation of a new ring." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02038.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000089 ! addition relationship: part_of REX:0000118 ! synthase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000434 ! elimination reaction [Term] id: REX:0000093 name: alpha-elimination def: "A transformation of the general type\: R-Z(X)(Y)-R' --> R-Z-R' + XY \[or X + Y\, or X(+) + X(-)\]" [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00007.html] is_a: REX:0000092 ! elimination [Term] id: REX:0000094 name: rearrangement synonym: "molecular rearrangement" [] is_a: REX:0000098 ! isomerization relationship: part_of REX:0000111 ! isomerase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000095 name: intramolecular rearrangement def: "In the intramolecular rearrangement\, the atoms and groups that are common to a reactant and a product never separate into independent fragments during the rearrangement stage." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03997.html] synonym: "true molecular rearrangement" [] is_a: REX:0000094 ! rearrangement [Term] id: REX:0000096 name: intermolecular rearrangement def: "In an intermolecular rearrangement\, a migrating group is completely free from the parent molecule and is re-attached to a different position in a subsequent step." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03997.html] synonym: "apparent rearrangement" [] is_a: REX:0000094 ! rearrangement [Term] id: REX:0000097 name: degenerate rearrangement def: "A molecular rearrangement in which the principal product is indistinguishable (in the absence of isotopic labelling) from the principal reactant." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01559.html] is_a: REX:0000094 ! rearrangement [Term] id: REX:0000098 name: isomerization def: "A chemical reaction\, the principal product of which is isomeric with the principal reactant." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03295.html] synonym: "isomerisation" [] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation [Term] id: REX:0000099 name: insertion def: "A chemical reaction or transformation of the general type\: X-Z + Y --> X-Y-Z\, in which the connecting atom or group Y replaces the bond joining the parts X and Z of the reactant XZ." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03058.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation [Term] id: REX:0000100 name: extrusion def: "A transformation in which an atom or group Y connected to two other atoms or groups X and Z is lost from a molecule\, leading to a product in which X is bonded to Z\, e.g. X-Y-Z --> X-Z + Y." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02311.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000099 ! insertion [Term] id: REX:0000101 name: cheletropic reaction def: "A form of cycloaddition across the terminal atoms of a fully conjugated system with formation of two new sigma-bonds to a single atom of the ('monocentric') reagent. There is formal loss of one pi-bond in the substrate and an increase in coordination number of the relevant atom of the reagent." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01014.html] is_a: REX:0000090 ! cycloaddition [Term] id: REX:0000102 name: cheletropic elimination relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000101 ! cheletropic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000103 name: biochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000104 name: biotransformation reaction is_a: REX:0000103 ! biochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000105 name: biological transport xref_analog: GO:0006810 is_a: REX:0000458 ! transport [Term] id: REX:0000106 name: biological electron transfer xref_analog: GO:0006118 is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer is_a: REX:0000103 ! biochemical reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000107 name: oxidoreductase reaction def: "Enzymatic redox reaction." [EBI:kid] synonym: "oxidase reaction" [] synonym: "reductase reaction" [] xref_analog: EC:1 xref_analog: GO:0016491 is_a: REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction is_a: REX:0000405 ! redox reaction [Term] id: REX:0000108 name: transferase reaction xref_analog: EC:2 xref_analog: GO:0016740 is_a: REX:0000104 ! biotransformation reaction [Term] id: REX:0000109 name: hydrolase reaction xref_analog: EC:3 xref_analog: GO:0016787 is_a: REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000110 name: lyase reaction xref_analog: EC:4 xref_analog: GO:0016829 is_a: REX:0000104 ! biotransformation reaction [Term] id: REX:0000111 name: isomerase reaction xref_analog: EC:5 xref_analog: GO:0016853 is_a: REX:0000104 ! biotransformation reaction [Term] id: REX:0000112 name: ligase reaction xref_analog: EC:6 xref_analog: GO:0016874 is_a: REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction is_a: REX:0000117 ! nucleoside triphosphate (di)phosphohydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000113 name: acid anhydride hydrolase reaction xref_analog: EC:3.6 is_a: REX:0000109 ! hydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000114 name: phosphorus-containing anhydride hydrolase reaction xref_analog: EC:3.6.1 is_a: REX:0000113 ! acid anhydride hydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000115 name: nucleoside-triphosphatase reaction def: "NTP + H2O --> NDP + phosphate" [EC:3.6.1.15] synonym: "nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase reaction" [] xref_analog: EC:3.6.1.15 xref_analog: GO:0017111 is_a: REX:0000117 ! nucleoside triphosphate (di)phosphohydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000116 name: nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase reaction def: "NTP + H2O --> NMP + diphosphate" [EC:3.6.1.19] synonym: "nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase reaction" [] xref_analog: EC:3.6.1.19 xref_analog: GO:0047429 is_a: REX:0000117 ! nucleoside triphosphate (di)phosphohydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000117 name: nucleoside triphosphate (di)phosphohydrolase reaction is_a: REX:0000114 ! phosphorus-containing anhydride hydrolase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000118 name: synthase reaction def: "X=Y + Z --> X-Y-Z" [EBI:kid] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000110 ! lyase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000119 name: transmembrane transport is_a: REX:0000455 ! membrane process is_a: REX:0000458 ! transport [Term] id: REX:0000120 name: active transport def: "The carriage of a solute across a biological membrane from low to high concentration which requires the expenditure of (metabolic) energy." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00112.html] is_a: REX:0000135 ! solute transport is_a: REX:0000457 ! biological membrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000121 name: facilitated diffusion def: "Diffusion across a biological membrane through the participation of specific transporting agents (transporters) or carriers." [ISBN:0198506732] xref_analog: TC:1 is_a: REX:0000135 ! solute transport is_a: REX:0000173 ! diffusion is_a: REX:0000457 ! biological membrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000122 name: simple diffusion def: "A diffusion across a membrane in the absence of any specific transporting agent or carrier." [ISBN:0198506732] synonym: "passive diffusion" [] is_a: REX:0000135 ! solute transport is_a: REX:0000173 ! diffusion [Term] id: REX:0000123 name: primary active transport xref_analog: GO:0015399 xref_analog: TC:3 is_a: REX:0000120 ! active transport [Term] id: REX:0000124 name: secondary active transport is_a: REX:0000120 ! active transport [Term] id: REX:0000125 name: diphosphate-bond-hydrolysis-driven transport xref_analog: GO:0015405 xref_analog: TC:3.A is_a: REX:0000123 ! primary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000126 name: decarboxylation-driven transport xref_analog: GO:0015451 xref_analog: TC:3.B is_a: REX:0000123 ! primary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000127 name: methyl-transfer-driven transport xref_analog: GO:0015452 xref_analog: TC:3.C is_a: REX:0000123 ! primary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000128 name: oxidoreduction-driven transport xref_analog: GO:0015453 xref_analog: TC:3.D is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000123 ! primary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000129 name: light-driven transport xref_analog: GO:0015454 xref_analog: TC:3.E is_a: REX:0000123 ! primary active transport is_a: REX:0000137 ! photobiochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000130 name: transmembrane electron transfer synonym: "transmembrane electron transport" [] xref_analog: TC:5 is_a: REX:0000106 ! biological electron transfer is_a: REX:0000457 ! biological membrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000131 name: two-electron transmembrane electron transfer xref_analog: TC:5.A is_a: REX:0000130 ! transmembrane electron transfer is_a: REX:0000140 ! two-electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000132 name: one-electron transmembrane electron transfer xref_analog: TC:5.B is_a: REX:0000130 ! transmembrane electron transfer is_a: REX:0000139 ! one-electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000133 name: antiport def: "The process of coupled solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier\, the translocation of solute being coupled to the translocation of the other in the opposite direction." [ISBN:0198506732] synonym: "countertransport" [] xref_analog: GO:0015297 is_a: REX:0000124 ! secondary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000134 name: symport def: "The process of solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier\, and the translocation of one solute is coupled to the translocation of the other in the same direction." [ISBN:0198506732] synonym: "cotransport" [] xref_analog: GO:0015293 is_a: REX:0000124 ! secondary active transport [Term] id: REX:0000135 name: solute transport is_a: REX:0000119 ! transmembrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000136 name: group translocation def: "Any process in which a substance to be transported across a biological membrane undergoes covalent modification prior crossing the membrane." [ISBN:0198506732] is_a: REX:0000135 ! solute transport is_a: REX:0000457 ! biological membrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000137 name: photobiochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000103 ! biochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000138 name: intermembrane electron transfer xref_analog: PUBMED:12867466 is_a: REX:0000106 ! biological electron transfer is_a: REX:0000456 ! biological membrane process [Term] id: REX:0000139 name: one-electron transfer is_a: REX:0000106 ! biological electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000140 name: two-electron transfer is_a: REX:0000106 ! biological electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000141 name: solvation def: "Any stabilizing interaction of a solute (or solute moiety) and the solvent or a similar interaction of solvent with groups of an insoluble material." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05747.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000142 name: coordination def: "The formation of a covalent bond\, the two shared electrons of which have come from only one of the two parts of the molecular entity linked by it\, as in the reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01329.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation is_a: REX:0000148 ! attachment [Term] id: REX:0000143 name: unimolecular heterolysis def: "The cleavage of a covalent bond so that both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments between which the bond is broken (A\:B --> A + \:B)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02809.html] is_a: REX:0000147 ! heterolysis relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000142 ! coordination [Term] id: REX:0000144 name: colligation def: "The formation of a covalent bond by the combination or recombination of two radicals (A. + .B -> A\:B)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01153.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation is_a: REX:0000148 ! attachment [Term] id: REX:0000145 name: unimolecular homolysis def: "A unimolecular reaction involving homolysis of a bond (not forming part of a cyclic structure) in a molecular entity containing an even number of (paired) electrons results in the formation of two radicals (A\:B --> A. + .B)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02851.html] is_a: REX:0000146 ! homolysis relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000144 ! colligation [Term] id: REX:0000146 name: homolysis is_a: REX:0000149 ! detachment relationship: part_of REX:0000423 ! homolytic substitution reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000429 ! homolytic addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000147 name: heterolysis is_a: REX:0000149 ! detachment relationship: part_of REX:0000424 ! heterolytic substitution reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000428 ! heterolytic addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000148 name: attachment def: "A transformation by which one molecular entity (the substrate) is converted into another by the formation of one (and only one) two-centre bond between the substrate and another molecular entity and which involves no other changes in connectivity in the substrate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00512.html] is_a: REX:0000150 ! association [Term] id: REX:0000149 name: detachment def: "The reverse of an attachment." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01625.html] is_a: REX:0000151 ! dissociation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000148 ! attachment [Term] id: REX:0000150 name: association def: "The assembling of separate molecular entities into any aggregate\, especially of oppositely charged free ions into ion pairs or larger and not necessarily well-defined clusters of ions held together by electrostatic attraction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00472.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation [Term] id: REX:0000151 name: dissociation def: "The separation of a molecular entity into two or more molecular entities (or any similar separation within a polyatomic molecular entity)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01801.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000150 ! association [Term] id: REX:0000152 name: ionization def: "The generation of one or more ions. It may occur\, e.g. by loss of an electron from a neutral molecular entity\, by the unimolecular heterolysis of such an entity into two or more ions\, or by a heterolytic substitution reaction involving neutral molecules." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03183.html] is_a: REX:0000087 ! transformation [Term] id: REX:0000153 name: electron attachment def: "The transfer of an electron to a molecular entity\, resulting in a molecular entity of (algebraically) increased negative charge." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01979.html] is_a: REX:0000048 ! electronation [Term] id: REX:0000154 name: electron detachment def: "The reverse of an electron attachment." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01987.html] is_a: REX:0000049 ! de-electronation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000153 ! electron attachment [Term] id: REX:0000155 name: electronic transition is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000156 name: spin-allowed electronic transition def: "An electronic transition which does not involve a change in the spin part of the wavefunction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05861.html] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000157 name: vibronic transition def: "A transition which involves a change in both the electronic and vibrational quantum numbers of a molecular entity\, as opposed to purely electronic or purely vibrational transitions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/V06618.html] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000158 name: charge-transfer transition def: "An electronic transition in which a large fraction of an electronic charge is transferred from one region of a molecular entity\, called the electron donor\, to another\, called the electron acceptor (intramolecular CT) or from one molecular entity to another (intermolecular CT)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01008.html] synonym: "CT transition" [] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000159 name: pi-sigma* transition def: "An electronic transition described approximately as a promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' pi orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S04387.html] synonym: "pi-->sigma* transition" [] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000160 name: sigma-sigma* transition def: "An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' sigma orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies\, and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05435.html] synonym: "sigma-->sigma* transition" [] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000161 name: ligand to metal charge transfer transition def: "An electronic transition in a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from a ligand to a metal centre has occurred." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03520.html] synonym: "LMCT transition" [] is_a: REX:0000158 ! charge-transfer transition [Term] id: REX:0000162 name: metal to ligand charge transfer transition def: "An electronic transition of a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from the metal to a ligand has occurred." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03868.html] synonym: "MLCT transition" [] is_a: REX:0000158 ! charge-transfer transition [Term] id: REX:0000163 name: metal to metal charge transfer transition def: "An electronic transition of a bi- or polynuclear metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer between two metal centres has occurred." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03869.html] synonym: "MMCT transition" [] is_a: REX:0000158 ! charge-transfer transition [Term] id: REX:0000164 name: intervalence charge transfer def: "Electron transfer (thermal or photoinduced) between two metal sites differing only in oxidation state. Quite often such electron transfer reverses the oxidation states of the sites. The term is frequently extended to the case of metal-to-metal charge transfer between non-equivalent metal centres." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03125.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000165 name: Rydberg transition def: "An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' orbital to a Rydberg orbital." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05432.html] is_a: REX:0000155 ! electronic transition [Term] id: REX:0000166 name: microscopic process is_a: REX:0000001 ! process [Term] id: REX:0000167 name: macroscopic process is_a: REX:0000001 ! process [Term] id: REX:0000168 name: unimolecular reaction def: "A reaction with a molecularity of one." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html] is_a: REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction [Term] id: REX:0000169 name: bimolecular reaction def: "A reaction with a molecularity of two." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html] is_a: REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction [Term] id: REX:0000170 name: termolecular reaction def: "A reaction with a molecularity of three." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html] is_a: REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction [Term] id: REX:0000171 name: phase transition def: "A change in the nature of a phase or in the number of phases as a result of some variation in externally imposed conditions\, such as temperature\, pressure\, activity of a component or a magnetic\, electric or stress field." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04537.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000172 name: magnetic transition def: "A transition between disordered and ordered arrays of atomic magnetic moments." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03690.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000173 name: diffusion def: "The spreading or scattering of a gaseous or liquid material." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01716.html] is_a: REX:0000458 ! transport [Term] id: REX:0000174 name: microscopic chemical event def: "A process that results in the interconversion of molecular entities." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03910.html, http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process relationship: part_of REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction [Term] id: REX:0000175 name: mesomorphic transition def: "A transition that occurs between a fully-ordered crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid. Mesomorphic transitions can occur (i) from a crystal to a liquid crystal (ii) from a liquid crystal to another liquid crystal and (iii) from a liquid crystal to an isotropic liquid." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03847.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000176 name: polymorphic transition def: "A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04748.html] synonym: "enantiotropic transition" [] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000177 name: melting def: "The conversion of a solid to a liquid by the application of heat and/or pressure." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03821.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000178 name: evaporation def: "The physical process by which a liquid substance is converted to a gas or vapour." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02227.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition is_a: REX:0000372 ! endothermic process [Term] id: REX:0000179 name: crystallization def: "The formation of a crystalline solid from a solution\, melt vapour or a different solid phase\, generally by the lowering of the temperature or by evaporation of a solvent." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01434.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000180 name: sublimation def: "The direct transition of a solid to a vapour without passing through a liquid phase." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S06069.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000181 name: interphase transition def: "A transition that occurs at boundaries between phases." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03119.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000182 name: precipitation def: "The sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution in which the material is present in amounts greater than its solubility in the liquid." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04795.html] is_a: REX:0000181 ! interphase transition [Term] id: REX:0000183 name: nucleation and growth def: "A process in a phase transition in which nuclei of a new phase are first formed\, followed by the propagation of the new phase at a faster rate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04244.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000184 name: discontinuous precipitation def: "A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which structural and compositional changes occur in regions immediately adjacent to the advancing interface. The parent phase remains unchanged until swept over by the interface; the transition is complete in regions over which the interface has passed." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01782.html] is_a: REX:0000183 ! nucleation and growth [Term] id: REX:0000185 name: continuous precipitation def: "A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which atoms are transported to the growing nuclei by diffusion over relatively large distances in the parent phase and during which the mean composition of the parent phase changes continuously towards its equilibrium value." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01306.html] is_a: REX:0000183 ! nucleation and growth [Term] id: REX:0000186 name: agglomeration def: "The formation and growth of aggregates ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00182.html] is_a: REX:0000181 ! interphase transition [Term] id: REX:0000187 name: micellar solubilization def: "In a system formed by a solvent\, an association colloid and at least one other component (the solubilizate)\, the incorporation of this other component into or on the micelles." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03887.html] synonym: "solubilization" [] is_a: REX:0000181 ! interphase transition [Term] id: REX:0000188 name: absorption def: "The process of one material (absorbent) being retained by another (absorbate)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00036.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000189 name: sol-gel transition def: "The transition of a suspension of solid particles in a liquid (sol) to an apparent solid\, jelly-like material (gel)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05731.html] is_a: REX:0000171 ! phase transition [Term] id: REX:0000190 name: nucleation def: "The process by which nuclei are formed in solution." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html] is_a: REX:0000181 ! interphase transition [Term] id: REX:0000191 name: homogeneous nucleation def: "The condensation of a single chemical compound in solution." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html] is_a: REX:0000190 ! nucleation [Term] id: REX:0000192 name: simultaneous nucleation def: "The simultaneous condensation of more than one compound in solution." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html] is_a: REX:0000190 ! nucleation [Term] id: REX:0000193 name: heterogeneous nucleation def: "The condensation of a compound in solution on a foreign substance." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html] is_a: REX:0000190 ! nucleation [Term] id: REX:0000194 name: electrode process def: "The totality of changes occurring at or near a single electrode during the passage of current." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01959.html] is_a: REX:0000206 ! surface process is_a: REX:0000213 ! electrochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000195 name: electrode reaction def: "For an electrode process at a given potential the current is controlled by the kinetics of a number of steps which include the transport of reactants to and from the interface and the interfacial reaction itself. The latter\, which is called the electrode reaction\, must always include at least one elementary step in which charge is transferred from one phase to the other\, but may also involve purely chemical steps within the interfacial region." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01960.html] relationship: part_of REX:0000194 ! electrode process [Term] id: REX:0000196 name: adiabatic electron transfer def: "Electron transfer process in which the reacting system remains on a single electronic surface in passing from reactants to products." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00142.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000197 name: diabatic electron transfer def: "Electron transfer process in which the reacting system has to cross over between different electronic surfaces in passing from reactants to products." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01659.html] is_a: REX:0000028 ! electron transfer [Term] id: REX:0000198 name: adsorption def: "An increase in the concentration of a dissolved substance at the interface of a condensed and a liquid phase due to the operation of surface forces. Adsorption can also occur at the interface of a condensed and a gaseous phase." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00155.html] is_a: REX:0000206 ! surface process [Term] id: REX:0000199 name: desorption def: "The converse of adsorption\, i.e. the decrease in the amount of adsorbed substance." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01620.html] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000198 ! adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000200 name: desorption (by displacement) def: "The process in which expulsion of a previously adsorbed component from the interfacial layer is effected by subsequent stronger adsorption of another component." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01621.html] is_a: REX:0000199 ! desorption [Term] id: REX:0000201 name: dissociative adsorption def: "Adsorption with dissociation into two or more fragments\, both or all of which are bound to the surface of the adsorbent." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01803.html] synonym: "dissociative chemisorption" [] is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption [Term] id: REX:0000202 name: associative desorption is_a: REX:0000199 ! desorption relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000201 ! dissociative adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000203 name: reactive adsorption def: "Reactive adsorption (and its reverse\, reactive desorption) resembles dissociative adsorption (and its reverse\, associative desorption) but one fragment adds to an adsorbate rather than to a surface site." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05181.html] is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption [Term] id: REX:0000204 name: reactive desorption def: "Reverse of reactive adsorption." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05183.html] is_a: REX:0000199 ! desorption relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000203 ! reactive adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000205 name: associative adsorption synonym: "non-dissociative chemisorption" [] is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption [Term] id: REX:0000206 name: surface process synonym: "interface process" [] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000207 name: physisorption def: "Adsorption in which the forces involved are intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) of the same kind as those responsible for the imperfection of real gases and the condensation vapours\, and which do not involve a significant change in the electronic orbital patterns of the species involved." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04667.html] synonym: "physical adsorption" [] synonym: "van der Waals adsorption" [] is_a: REX:0000198 ! adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000208 name: chemisorption def: "Adsorption which results from chemical bond formation (strong interaction) between the adsorbent and the adsorbate in a monolayer on the surface." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01048.html] synonym: "chemical adsorption" [] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction is_a: REX:0000198 ! adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000209 name: charge-transfer adsorption def: "Oxidative or reductive chemisorption where 'reductive' and 'oxidative' refer to electron gain or loss on species in the solid." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01002.html] is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption [Term] id: REX:0000210 name: multilayer adsorption def: "Adsorption such that the adsorption space accommodates more than one layer of molecules\, and not all adsorbed molecules are in contact with the surface layer of the adsorbent." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M04050.html] is_a: REX:0000198 ! adsorption [Term] id: REX:0000211 name: diabatic photoreaction def: "Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation\, a reaction beginning on one excited state 'potential-energy surface' and ending\, as a result of radiationless transition\, on another surface\, usually that of the ground state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01660.html] synonym: "non-adiabatic photoreaction" [] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000212 name: adiabatic photoreaction def: "Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation\, a reaction of an excited state species that occurs on a single 'potential-energy surface'." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00145.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000213 name: electrochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000214 name: electrodeposition def: "The deposition of dissolved or suspended material by an electric field on an electrode." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01955.html] is_a: REX:0000194 ! electrode process [Term] id: REX:0000215 name: electro-crystallization synonym: "electrocrystallization" [] is_a: REX:0000179 ! crystallization is_a: REX:0000214 ! electrodeposition [Term] id: REX:0000216 name: micellar catalysis def: "The acceleration of a chemical reaction in solution by the addition of a surfactant at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration so that the reaction can proceed in the environment of surfactant aggregates (micelles)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03885.html] is_a: REX:0000083 ! heterogeneous catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000217 name: nucleophilic catalysis def: "Catalysis by a Lewis base\, involving formation of a Lewis adduct as a reaction intermediate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04250.html] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000218 name: inhibition def: "The decrease in rate of reaction brought about by the addition of a substance (inhibitor)\, by virtue of its effect on the concentration of a reactant\, catalyst or reaction intermediate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03034.html] is_a: REX:0000235 ! modification of reaction [Term] id: REX:0000219 name: mechanism-based inhibition def: "Irreversible inhibition of an enzyme due to its catalysis of the reaction of an artificial substrate." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03805.html] synonym: "suicide inhibition" [] is_a: REX:0000234 ! irreversible enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000220 name: competitive inhibition def: "The reduction in rate due to reduction or loss of activity of a catalyst\, caused by adsorption of poison which is not greatly preferred to adsorption of reactant." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01200.html] is_a: REX:0000247 ! reversible inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000221 name: activation is_a: REX:0000235 ! modification of reaction [Term] id: REX:0000222 name: chemical activation def: "When some of the energy required for a reaction is provided by a preceding exothermic chemical reaction there is said to be chemical activation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01017.html] is_a: REX:0000221 ! activation [Term] id: REX:0000223 name: activation of catalysis def: "An added substance that increases the rate of a catalysed reaction is known as an activator\, and the effect is called activation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00093.html] is_a: REX:0000221 ! activation [Term] id: REX:0000224 name: inhibition of catalysis is_a: REX:0000218 ! inhibition is_a: REX:0000236 ! modification of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000225 name: reversible enzyme inhibition is_a: REX:0000233 ! enzyme inhibition is_a: REX:0000244 ! reversible modification of enzyme catalysis is_a: REX:0000247 ! reversible inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000226 name: linear enzyme inhibition synonym: "complete inhibition" [] synonym: "simple inhibition" [] is_a: REX:0000225 ! reversible enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000227 name: mixed inhibition is_a: REX:0000226 ! linear enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000228 name: non-competitive inhibition is_a: REX:0000227 ! mixed inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000229 name: uncompetitive inhibition is_a: REX:0000226 ! linear enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000230 name: reversible enzyme activation is_a: REX:0000239 ! enzyme activation is_a: REX:0000244 ! reversible modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000231 name: essential activation def: "In essential activation\, the free enzyme without activator bound to it has no activity and does not bind substrate." [ISBN:1855781581] synonym: "compulsory activation" [] synonym: "specific activation" [] is_a: REX:0000230 ! reversible enzyme activation [Term] id: REX:0000232 name: hyperbolic activation synonym: "non-essential activation" [] synonym: "partial activation" [] is_a: REX:0000230 ! reversible enzyme activation [Term] id: REX:0000233 name: enzyme inhibition is_a: REX:0000224 ! inhibition of catalysis is_a: REX:0000238 ! modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000234 name: irreversible enzyme inhibition is_a: REX:0000233 ! enzyme inhibition is_a: REX:0000243 ! irreversible modification of enzyme catalysis is_a: REX:0000248 ! irreversible inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000235 name: modification of reaction is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000236 name: modification of catalysis is_a: REX:0000235 ! modification of reaction [Term] id: REX:0000237 name: competitive enzyme inhibition synonym: "competitive inhibition" [] is_a: REX:0000220 ! competitive inhibition is_a: REX:0000226 ! linear enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000238 name: modification of enzyme catalysis is_a: REX:0000103 ! biochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000236 ! modification of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000239 name: enzyme activation def: "Any process leading to increase of enzymatic activity." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000223 ! activation of catalysis is_a: REX:0000238 ! modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000240 name: irreversible enzyme activation is_a: REX:0000239 ! enzyme activation is_a: REX:0000243 ! irreversible modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000241 name: zymogen activation def: "Conversion of inactive precursors (zymogens) into active enzymes by limited proteolysis." [PUBMED:9568890] synonym: "proteolytic activation" [] is_a: REX:0000240 ! irreversible enzyme activation [Term] id: REX:0000242 name: enzyme activation by phosphate group transfer is_a: REX:0000240 ! irreversible enzyme activation [Term] id: REX:0000243 name: irreversible modification of enzyme catalysis is_a: REX:0000238 ! modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000244 name: reversible modification of enzyme catalysis is_a: REX:0000238 ! modification of enzyme catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000245 name: hyperbolic inhibition synonym: "partial inhibition" [] is_a: REX:0000225 ! reversible enzyme inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000246 name: non-competitive inhibition by protons is_a: REX:0000228 ! non-competitive inhibition [Term] id: REX:0000247 name: reversible inhibition of catalysis is_a: REX:0000224 ! inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000248 name: irreversible inhibition of catalysis is_a: REX:0000224 ! inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000249 name: catalytic poisoning def: "The action of catalytic poison." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04706.html] is_a: REX:0000248 ! irreversible inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000250 name: temporary poisoning def: "Weak and reversible adsorption of a poison\, such that removal of the poison from the fluid phase results in restoration of the original catalytic activity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06270.html] is_a: REX:0000247 ! reversible inhibition of catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000251 name: polymerization def: "The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04740.html] is_a: REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000252 name: condensation polymerization def: "Polymerization by a repeated condensation process." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04722.html, http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01237.html] synonym: "polycondensation" [] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000253 name: condensation reaction def: "A (usually stepwise) reaction in which two or more reactants (or remote reactive sites within the same molecular entity) yield a single main product with accompanying formation of water or of some other small molecule\, e.g. ammonia\, ethanol\, acetic acid\, hydrogen sulfide." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01238.html] synonym: "condensation" [] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000254 name: ring-opening polymerization def: "A polymerization in which a cyclic monomer yields a monomeric unit which is acyclic or contains fewer cycles than the monomer." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05396.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000255 name: stereoselective polymerization def: "Polymerization in which a polymer molecule is formed from a mixture of stereoisomeric monomer molecules by incorporation of only one stereoisomeric species." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05989.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000256 name: chain polymerization def: "A chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and reactive site(s) on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site(s) at the end of each growth step." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00958.html] is_a: REX:0000053 ! chain reaction is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000257 name: condensative chain polymerization def: "Chain polymerization occurring with the formation of small molecules." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00958.html] is_a: REX:0000253 ! condensation reaction is_a: REX:0000256 ! chain polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000258 name: chain transfer def: "The abstraction\, by the radical end of a growing chain-polymer\, of an atom from another molecule. The growth of the polymer chain is thereby terminated but a new radical\, capable of chain propagation and polymerization\, is simultaneously created." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00963.html] is_a: REX:0000060 ! chain initiation is_a: REX:0000063 ! chain termination relationship: part_of REX:0000277 ! telomerization [Term] id: REX:0000259 name: ionic polymerization def: "A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are ions or ion pairs." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03178.html] is_a: REX:0000256 ! chain polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000260 name: radical polymerization def: "A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are radicals." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05075.html] is_a: REX:0000256 ! chain polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000261 name: living polymerization def: "A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03597.html] is_a: REX:0000256 ! chain polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000262 name: anionic polymerization def: "An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are anions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00361.html] is_a: REX:0000259 ! ionic polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000263 name: cationic polymerization def: "An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are cations." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00910.html] is_a: REX:0000259 ! ionic polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000264 name: photoinduced polymerization def: "The polymerization of a monomer by a free radical or ionic chain reaction initiated by photoexcitation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04618.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000265 name: photoinitiation def: "The photoproduction of a free radical or ion capable of initiating a chain reaction such as a polymerization." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04619.html] is_a: REX:0000060 ! chain initiation relationship: part_of REX:0000264 ! photoinduced polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000266 name: polyaddition def: "A polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04720.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000267 name: photopolymerization def: "Polymerization processes requiring a photon for the propagation step." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04648.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000268 name: cyclopolymerization def: "A polymerization in which the number of cyclic structures in the constitutional units of the resulting macromolecules is larger than in the monomer molecules." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01505.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000269 name: homopolymerization def: "Polymerization in which a homopolymer is formed." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02855.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000270 name: copolymerization def: "Polymerization in which a copolymer is formed." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01336.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000271 name: graft copolymerization def: "Polymerization in which a graft copolymer is formed." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02676.html] is_a: REX:0000270 ! copolymerization [Term] id: REX:0000272 name: ring-opening copolymerization def: "A copolymerization which is a ring-opening polymerization with respect to at least one monomer." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05395.html] is_a: REX:0000254 ! ring-opening polymerization is_a: REX:0000270 ! copolymerization [Term] id: REX:0000273 name: ionic copolymerization def: "A copolymerization which is an ionic polymerization." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03176.html] is_a: REX:0000259 ! ionic polymerization is_a: REX:0000270 ! copolymerization [Term] id: REX:0000274 name: living copolymerization def: "A copolymerization which is a living polymerization." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03596.html] is_a: REX:0000261 ! living polymerization is_a: REX:0000270 ! copolymerization [Term] id: REX:0000275 name: radical copolymerization def: "A copolymerization which is a radical polymerization." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05071.html] is_a: REX:0000260 ! radical polymerization is_a: REX:0000270 ! copolymerization [Term] id: REX:0000276 name: oligomerization def: "The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into an oligomer." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04285.html] is_a: REX:0000251 ! polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000277 name: telomerization def: "The formation of an addition oligomer\, having uniform end groups X' ... X''\, by a chain reaction in which a chain transfer limits the length of the polymer ('telomer') produced." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06260.html] is_a: REX:0000256 ! chain polymerization [Term] id: REX:0000278 name: photoadsorption def: "Adsorption initiated by light absorbed either by the adsorbate or by the adsorbent. Often it is considered as a chemical step (primary) in a heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf, http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04577.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption [Term] id: REX:0000279 name: photodesorption def: "Desorption of an adsorbate as a result of exposure to light." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04577.html, http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04596.html] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000199 ! desorption [Term] id: REX:0000280 name: radiocatalysis def: "Catalysis occurring under the action of quanta of ionizing radiation absorbed by the radiocatalytic substance (radiocatalyst)." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis is_a: REX:0000284 ! radiochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000281 name: radiodesorption def: "Desorption of a substrate from solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000199 ! desorption is_a: REX:0000284 ! radiochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000282 name: radioadsorption def: "Adsorption of a substance at solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000208 ! chemisorption is_a: REX:0000284 ! radiochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000283 name: radiothermal catalysis def: "Radiocatalysis under the action of large radiation fluxes that simultaneously heat the system as a consequence of the absorption of radiation energy." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000280 ! radiocatalysis is_a: REX:0000386 ! thermocatalysis [Term] id: REX:0000284 name: radiochemical reaction def: "A chemical reaction caused by absorption of high-energy radiation." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000285 name: radiolysis def: "The cleavage of one or several bonds resulting from exposure to high-energy\nradiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05112.html] is_a: REX:0000284 ! radiochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000286 name: autoradiolysis def: "Radiolysis of a radioactive material resulting directly or indirectly from its radioactive decay." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00534.html] is_a: REX:0000285 ! radiolysis [Term] id: REX:0000287 name: isomeric transition def: "A spontaneous transition between two isomeric states of a nucleus." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03293.html] is_a: REX:0000011 ! nuclear transition [Term] id: REX:0000288 name: electron-positron pair production def: "The simultaneous formation of an electron and a positron as a result of the interaction of a photon of sufficient energy (> 1.02 MeV) with the field of a particle." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04398.html] synonym: "pair production" [] is_a: REX:0000326 ! particle-antiparticle pair production [Term] id: REX:0000289 name: fast atom bombardment ionization def: "Ionization of any species by causing interaction of the sample (which may be dissolved in a solvent matrix) and a beam of neutral atoms having high translational energy." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02327.html] is_a: REX:0000152 ! ionization [Term] id: REX:0000290 name: luminescence def: "Spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03641.html] is_a: REX:0000303 ! emission [Term] id: REX:0000291 name: radioluminescence def: "Luminescence arising from excitation by high energy particles or radiation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05111.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000292 name: delayed luminescence def: "Luminescence decaying more slowly than that expected from the rate of decay of the emitting state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000293 name: delayed fluorescence is_a: REX:0000043 ! fluorescence is_a: REX:0000292 ! delayed luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000294 name: chemiluminescence def: "Emission of radiation resulting from a chemical reaction." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01045.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000295 name: electrogenerated chemiluminescence def: "Luminescence produced by electrode reactions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01966.html] synonym: "ECL" [] synonym: "electrochemiluminescence" [] synonym: "electroluminescence" [] is_a: REX:0000194 ! electrode process is_a: REX:0000294 ! chemiluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000296 name: triboluminescence def: "Luminescence resulting from the rubbing together of the surface of certain solids." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06499.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000297 name: sonoluminescence def: "Luminescence induced by sound waves." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05767.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000298 name: bioluminescence def: "Luminescence produced by living systems." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00659.html] is_a: REX:0000294 ! chemiluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000299 name: thermoluminescence def: "Luminescence arising from a reaction between species trapped in a rigid matrix and released as a result of an increase in temperature." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06325.html] is_a: REX:0000294 ! chemiluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000300 name: piezoluminescence def: "Luminescence observed when certain solids are subjected to a change in pressure." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04672.html] is_a: REX:0000290 ! luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000301 name: deactivation def: "Any loss of energy by an excited molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01528.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000026 ! excitation [Term] id: REX:0000302 name: radiationless deactivation def: "The loss of electronic excitation energy without photon emission or chemical change." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05056.html] synonym: "non-radiative decay" [] synonym: "radiationless decay" [] is_a: REX:0000301 ! deactivation is_a: REX:0000306 ! radiationless transition [Term] id: REX:0000303 name: emission def: "Radiative deactivation of an excited state; transfer of energy from a molecular entity to an electromagnetic field." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02056.html] is_a: REX:0000301 ! deactivation relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000027 ! photoexcitation [Term] id: REX:0000304 name: intersystem crossing def: "An isoenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states having different multiplicities. It often results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state\, which then usually deactivates to its lowest vibrational level." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03123.html] is_a: REX:0000302 ! radiationless deactivation [Term] id: REX:0000305 name: internal conversion (in photophysics) def: "An isoenenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states of the same multiplicity. When the transition results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state\, this usually undergoes deactivation to its lowest vibrational level\, provided the final state is not unstable to dissociation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03102.html] is_a: REX:0000302 ! radiationless deactivation [Term] id: REX:0000306 name: radiationless transition def: "A transition between two states of a system without photon emission or absorption." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05057.html] synonym: "non-radiative transition" [] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000307 name: radiative transition def: "A transition between two states of a molecular entity\, the energy difference being emitted or absorbed as photons." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05065.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000308 name: E-type delayed fluorescence def: "The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by a thermally activated radiationless transition from the first excited triplet state. Since in this case the populations of the singlet and triplet states are in thermal equilibrium\, the lifetimes of delayed fluorescence and the concomitant phosphorescence are equal." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html] is_a: REX:0000293 ! delayed fluorescence is_a: REX:0000312 ! E-type delayed luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000309 name: P-type delayed fluorescence def: "The process in which the first excited singlet state is populated by interaction of two molecules in the triplet state (triplet-triplet annihilation) thus producing one molecule in the excited singlet state. In this biphotonic process the lifetime of delayed fluorescence is half the value of the concomitant phosphorescence." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html] is_a: REX:0000293 ! delayed fluorescence is_a: REX:0000311 ! P-type delayed luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000310 name: recombination fluorescence def: "The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by recombination of radical ions with electrons or by recombination of radical ions of opposite charge." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html] is_a: REX:0000293 ! delayed fluorescence [Term] id: REX:0000311 name: P-type delayed luminescence def: "Triplet-triplet or singlet-singlet annihilation to form one molecular entity in its excited singlet state and another molecular entity in its electronic ground state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html] is_a: REX:0000292 ! delayed luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000312 name: E-type delayed luminescence def: "Thermally activated delayed fluorescence involving reversible intersystem crossing." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html] is_a: REX:0000292 ! delayed luminescence [Term] id: REX:0000313 name: charge separation def: "A process in which\, under the influence of a suitable driving force (e.g. provided by photoexcitation)\, electronic charge moves in a direction that increases the difference in local charges between donor and acceptor sites." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00999.html] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000314 name: charge recombination def: "Reverse of charge separation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00998.html] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000313 ! charge separation [Term] id: REX:0000315 name: ion pair dissociation def: "Separation of the constituents of an ion pair into free ions." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01801.html] is_a: REX:0000151 ! dissociation [Term] id: REX:0000316 name: ion-pair return def: "The recombination of a pair of ions R(+) and Z(-) formed from ionization of RZ." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03233.html] synonym: "ion pair return" [] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000147 ! heterolysis [Term] id: REX:0000317 name: internal ion-pair return def: "If the ions are paired as a tight ion pair and recombine without prior separation into a loose ion pair this is called internal ion-pair return." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03107.html] synonym: "internal return" [] is_a: REX:0000316 ! ion-pair return is_a: REX:0000320 ! primary geminate recombination [Term] id: REX:0000318 name: external ion-pair return def: "If the ions are paired as a loose ion pair and form the covalent chemical species via a tight ion pair\, this is called external ion-pair return." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02286.html] synonym: "external return" [] is_a: REX:0000316 ! ion-pair return is_a: REX:0000321 ! secondary geminate recombination [Term] id: REX:0000319 name: geminate recombination def: "The reaction of two transient species produced from a common precursor in solution with each other." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html] is_a: REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000320 name: primary geminate recombination def: "Geminate recombination occurring before any separation of two transient species by diffusion has occurred." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html] is_a: REX:0000319 ! geminate recombination [Term] id: REX:0000321 name: secondary geminate recombination def: "If the mutually reactive entities have been separated\, and come together by diffusion\, this is termed secondary geminate recombination." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html] is_a: REX:0000319 ! geminate recombination [Term] id: REX:0000322 name: singlet-triplet energy transfer def: "Transfer of excitation from an electronically excited donor in a singlet state to produce an electronically excited acceptor in a triplet state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05701.html] is_a: REX:0000039 ! excitation energy transfer [Term] id: REX:0000323 name: excitation annihilation def: "Two atoms or molecular entities both in an excited electronic state interact often (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited electronic state and another in its ground electronic state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00366.html] synonym: "annihilation" [] synonym: "energy pooling" [] synonym: "excitation energy annihilation" [] synonym: "exciton annihilation" [] is_a: REX:0000039 ! excitation energy transfer [Term] id: REX:0000324 name: singlet-singlet annihilation is_a: REX:0000323 ! excitation annihilation [Term] id: REX:0000325 name: triplet-triplet annihilation def: "Two atoms or molecular entities both in a triplet state often interact (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited singlet state and another in its ground singlet state. This is often\, but not always\, followed by delayed fluorescence." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06505.html] is_a: REX:0000323 ! excitation annihilation [Term] id: REX:0000326 name: particle-antiparticle pair production is_a: REX:0000014 ! subatomic process [Term] id: REX:0000327 name: singlet-singlet absorption def: "Absorption which results in the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule into singlet excited states and leads to the UV/visible absorption spectrum." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05696.html] is_a: REX:0000027 ! photoexcitation [Term] id: REX:0000328 name: singlet-triplet absorption def: "Absorption which takes place with the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule to triplet states and results in the singlet-triplet absorption spectrum." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05700.html] is_a: REX:0000027 ! photoexcitation [Term] id: REX:0000329 name: photoabsorption def: "The transfer of energy from an electromagnetic field to an entity (molecular or otherwise)." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] synonym: "absorption (of electromagnetic radiation)" [] synonym: "light absorption" [] is_a: REX:0000188 ! absorption [Term] id: REX:0000330 name: triplet-triplet absorption def: "Absorption which takes place with the transition from the lowest triplet state of the molecule to higher triplet states thus leading to the triplet-triplet absorption spectrum." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06504.html] is_a: REX:0000027 ! photoexcitation [Term] id: REX:0000331 name: relaxation def: "If a system is disturbed from its state of equilibrium it relaxes to that state\, and the process is referred to as relaxation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05285.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000332 name: two-photon excitation def: "Excitation resulting from successive or simultaneous absorption of two photons by an atom or molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06541.html] is_a: REX:0000027 ! photoexcitation [Term] id: REX:0000333 name: biphotonic excitation def: "The simultaneous two-photon absorption." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06541.html] is_a: REX:0000332 ! two-photon excitation [Term] id: REX:0000334 name: proton-antiproton pair production is_a: REX:0000326 ! particle-antiparticle pair production [Term] id: REX:0000335 name: neutron-antineutron pair production is_a: REX:0000326 ! particle-antiparticle pair production [Term] id: REX:0000336 name: annihilation def: "An interaction between a particle and its antiparticle in which they both disappear." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00366.html] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000326 ! particle-antiparticle pair production [Term] id: REX:0000337 name: mass transfer def: "Movement of material from one location in solution to another as might arise either from differences in electrical or chemical potential at the two locations\, or from movement of a volume element of solution." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000458 ! transport [Term] id: REX:0000338 name: electrophoresis def: "The motion of colloidal particles in an electric field." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02022.html] is_a: REX:0000337 ! mass transfer [Term] id: REX:0000339 name: chelatase reaction is_a: REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000340 name: ferrochelatase reaction xref_analog: EC:4.99.1.1 xref_analog: GO:0004325 is_a: REX:0000339 ! chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000341 name: sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase reaction xref_analog: EC:4.99.1.3 is_a: REX:0000339 ! chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000342 name: magnesium chelatase reaction xref_analog: EC:6.6.1.1 is_a: REX:0000344 ! ATP-hydrolysing chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000343 name: cobaltochelatase reaction xref_analog: EC:6.6.1.2 is_a: REX:0000344 ! ATP-hydrolysing chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000344 name: ATP-hydrolysing chelatase reaction xref_analog: EC:6.6.1 is_a: REX:0000112 ! ligase reaction is_a: REX:0000339 ! chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000345 name: chemical relaxation def: "If the equilibrium mixture of a chemical reaction is disturbed by a sudden change\, especially of some external parameter (such as temperature\, pressure or electrical field strength)\, the system will readjust itself to a new position of the chemical equilibrium or return to the original position\, if the perturbation is temporary. The readjustment is known as chemical relaxation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01035.html] is_a: REX:0000331 ! relaxation [Term] id: REX:0000346 name: vibrational relaxation def: "The loss of vibrational excitation energy by a molecular entity through energy transfer to the environment caused by collisions. The molecular entity relaxes into vibrational equilibrium with its environment." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/V06615.html] is_a: REX:0000331 ! relaxation [Term] id: REX:0000347 name: resonance fluorescence def: "Fluorescence from the primary excited atomic or molecular species at the wavelength of the exciting radiation (no relaxation within the excited manifold)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05335.html] is_a: REX:0000043 ! fluorescence [Term] id: REX:0000348 name: scattering def: "A process in which a change in direction or energy of an incident radiation is caused by interaction with a particle\, a system of particles\, or a photon." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05487.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000349 name: light scattering def: "The redirection of a light beam due to interactions with molecules (Rayleigh and Raman scattering) and aerosols (Mie scattering)." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03525.html] is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000350 name: elastic light scattering def: "Radiation may be scattered by its transmission through a medium containing particles. If the scatter results in no significant change in the wavelength relative to the primary radiation it is called elastic scattering. In cases where the scattering centres are small compared to the wavelength of the radiation the elastic scattering is called Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering if this condition is not fulfilled." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01917.html] is_a: REX:0000349 ! light scattering is_a: REX:0000364 ! elastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000351 name: Rayleigh scattering def: "The scattering of light by particles and molecules which are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. In the ideal case\, the process is one of pure dipole and induced dipole interactions with the electric field of the\nlight wave." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05160.html] is_a: REX:0000350 ! elastic light scattering [Term] id: REX:0000352 name: Mie scattering def: "The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles of any size r\, relative to the wavelength\, lambda." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03919.html] is_a: REX:0000350 ! elastic light scattering [Term] id: REX:0000353 name: Compton scattering def: "The elastic scattering of a photon by an electron which afterwards occurs as a free electron. Part of the energy and momentum of the incident photon is transferred to the electron and the remaining part is carried away by the scattered photon." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01218.html] synonym: "Compton effect" [] is_a: REX:0000350 ! elastic light scattering [Term] id: REX:0000354 name: neutron scattering xref_analog: http://www.neutron.anl.gov/ is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000355 name: electron scattering is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000356 name: elastic electron scattering is_a: REX:0000355 ! electron scattering is_a: REX:0000364 ! elastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000357 name: inelastic electron scattering is_a: REX:0000355 ! electron scattering is_a: REX:0000365 ! inelastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000358 name: inelastic light scattering is_a: REX:0000349 ! light scattering is_a: REX:0000365 ! inelastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000359 name: elastic neutron scattering xref_analog: PUBMED:963597 is_a: REX:0000354 ! neutron scattering is_a: REX:0000364 ! elastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000360 name: inelastic neutron scattering is_a: REX:0000354 ! neutron scattering is_a: REX:0000365 ! inelastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000361 name: X-ray scattering is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000362 name: elastic X-ray scattering xref_analog: DOI:10.1107/S0567739480001155 is_a: REX:0000361 ! X-ray scattering is_a: REX:0000364 ! elastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000363 name: inelastic X-ray scattering is_a: REX:0000361 ! X-ray scattering is_a: REX:0000365 ! inelastic scattering [Term] id: REX:0000364 name: elastic scattering is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000365 name: inelastic scattering is_a: REX:0000348 ! scattering [Term] id: REX:0000366 name: Raman light scattering synonym: "Raman scattering" [] is_a: REX:0000358 ! inelastic light scattering [Term] id: REX:0000367 name: Brillouin light scattering synonym: "Brillouin scattering" [] is_a: REX:0000358 ! inelastic light scattering [Term] id: REX:0000368 name: endothermic reaction def: "A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is positive." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02095.html] is_a: REX:0000372 ! endothermic process is_a: REX:0000388 ! thermochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000369 name: exothermic reaction def: "A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is negative." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02269.html] is_a: REX:0000371 ! exothermic process is_a: REX:0000388 ! thermochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000370 name: exergonic reaction def: "A reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change is negative." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02262.html] synonym: "exoergic reaction" [] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000371 name: exothermic process is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000372 name: endothermic process is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000373 name: adiabatic process def: "A process occurring in a thermally insulated system\, so that there is no flow of heat to or from the surroundings." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00141.html] is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000374 name: migration relationship: part_of REX:0000094 ! rearrangement [Term] id: REX:0000375 name: atom migration def: "The (usually intramolecular) transfer of an atom or group during the course of a molecular rearrangement." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03920.html] is_a: REX:0000374 ! migration [Term] id: REX:0000376 name: bond migration def: "The movement of a bond to a new position within the same molecular entity." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03920.html] is_a: REX:0000374 ! migration [Term] id: REX:0000377 name: migratory insertion def: "A combination of migration and insertion. The term is mainly used in organometallic chemistry." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03924.html] is_a: REX:0000099 ! insertion is_a: REX:0000374 ! migration [Term] id: REX:0000378 name: postprecipitation def: "The subsequent precipitation of a chemically different species upon the surface of an initial precipitate usually\, but not necessarily\, including a common ion." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04773.html] is_a: REX:0000182 ! precipitation [Term] id: REX:0000379 name: type I photooxygenation def: "The reaction of triplet molecular oxygen with radicals formed photochemically." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000050 ! photooxygenation [Term] id: REX:0000380 name: type II photooxygenation def: "The reaction of photochemically produced singlet molecular oxygen with molecular entities to give rise to oxygen containing molecular entities." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000050 ! photooxygenation [Term] id: REX:0000381 name: type III photooxygenation def: "The photooxygenation reaction proceeding by electron transfer to produce the superoxide radical anion as the reactive species." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000050 ! photooxygenation [Term] id: REX:0000382 name: photosensitized reaction def: "A reaction initiated by photosensitization." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000383 name: photosensitization def: "The process by which a photochemical change or photophysical process occurs in one (molecular) entity as a result of initial absorption of radiation by another\n(molecular) entity called a photosensitizer. In mechanistic photochemistry\, the term is limited to cases in which the photosensitizer is not consumed in the reaction." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] relationship: part_of REX:0000382 ! photosensitized reaction [Term] id: REX:0000384 name: photothermocatalysis def: "Catalysis occurring by the simultaneous or sequential action of light and thermal energy." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000036 ! photocatalysis is_a: REX:0000386 ! thermocatalysis [Term] id: REX:0000385 name: thermophotocatalysis def: "A (photo)catalytic phenomenon that occurs in circumstances when the system is also heated by light." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000036 ! photocatalysis is_a: REX:0000386 ! thermocatalysis [Term] id: REX:0000386 name: thermocatalysis def: "Catalysis occurring by the action of thermal energy." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000078 ! catalysis is_a: REX:0000085 ! thermal reaction [Term] id: REX:0000387 name: photoradiocatalysis def: "Radiocatalysis taking place under the e?ect of the simultaneous action of quanta of light and ionizing radiation. There is also the case when the ionizing radiation alone causes the emission of light that is chemically active (e.g.\, as may occur in the Cherenkov light emission)." [http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf] is_a: REX:0000036 ! photocatalysis is_a: REX:0000280 ! radiocatalysis [Term] id: REX:0000388 name: thermochemical reaction def: "A reaction which involves the enthalpy change." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000389 name: luciferin monooxygenase reaction synonym: "luciferase" [] xref_analog: GO:0045289 is_a: REX:0000298 ! bioluminescence [Term] id: REX:0000390 name: Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.12.5 xref_analog: GO:0050248 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000401 ! single donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000391 name: Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.12.6 xref_analog: GO:0047712 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000401 ! single donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000392 name: Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolysing) reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.12.7 xref_analog: GO:0047077 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000401 ! single donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000393 name: Watasenia-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.12.8 xref_analog: GO:0050397 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000401 ! single donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000394 name: Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.12.13 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000401 ! single donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000395 name: Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating) reaction xref_analog: EC:1.14.99.21 xref_analog: GO:0047098 is_a: REX:0000389 ! luciferin monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000402 ! paired donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000396 name: alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) reaction synonym: "bacterial luciferase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.14.14.3 xref_analog: GO:0047646 is_a: REX:0000298 ! bioluminescence is_a: REX:0000402 ! paired donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000397 name: oxygenase reaction def: "Any oxidoreductase reaction in which dioxygen is the electron acceptor." [ISBN:0198506732] is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000398 name: dioxygenase reaction def: "Oxidoreductase reaction involving incorporation of both atoms of dioxygen into the donor." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000397 ! oxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000399 name: monooxygenase reaction def: "Any oxidoreductase reaction that brings about the incorporation of only one atom of oxygen from dioxygen into the donor." [ISBN:0198506732] xref_analog: GO:0004497 is_a: REX:0000397 ! oxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000400 name: single donor dioxygenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.13.11 xref_analog: GO:0016702 is_a: REX:0000398 ! dioxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000401 name: single donor monooxygenase reaction synonym: "internal monooxygenase reaction" [] xref_analog: EC:1.13.12 xref_analog: GO:0016703 is_a: REX:0000399 ! monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000402 name: paired donor monooxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000399 ! monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000403 name: paired donor dioxygenase reaction is_a: REX:0000398 ! dioxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000404 name: pyrolysis def: "A chemical degradation reaction that is caused by thermal energy. The term pyrolysis generally refers to an inert environment." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04961.html] is_a: REX:0000086 ! thermolysis [Term] id: REX:0000405 name: redox reaction def: "A chemical reaction in which the oxidation of one reactant is coupled to the reduction of a second reactant." [ISBN:0198506732] synonym: "oxidation-reduction" [] synonym: "oxidoreduction" [] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000406 name: ATP diphosphatase reaction def: "ATP + H2O --> AMP + diphosphate" [EC:3.6.1.8] synonym: "ATP diphosphohydrolase (diphosphate-forming)" [] xref_analog: EC:3.6.1.8 xref_analog: GO:0047693 is_a: REX:0000116 ! nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000407 name: ATPase reaction def: "ATP + H2O --> ADP + phosphate" [GO:0016887] xref_analog: GO:0016887 is_a: REX:0000115 ! nucleoside-triphosphatase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000344 ! ATP-hydrolysing chelatase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000408 ! ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000408 name: ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport xref_analog: GO:0042626 is_a: REX:0000125 ! diphosphate-bond-hydrolysis-driven transport [Term] id: REX:0000409 name: Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase reaction def: "ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in)" [EC:3.6.3.9] synonym: "ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)" [] xref_analog: EC:3.6.3.9 xref_analog: GO:0005391 is_a: REX:0000408 ! ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000410 name: Na+ export def: "Na+(in) --> Na+(out)" [EBI:kid] relationship: part_of REX:0000409 ! Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000411 name: K+ import def: "K+(out) --> K+(in)" [EBI:kid] relationship: part_of REX:0000409 ! Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase reaction relationship: part_of REX:0000412 ! K+-transporting ATPase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000412 name: K+-transporting ATPase reaction def: "ATP + H2O + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + K+(in)" [EC:3.6.3.12] synonym: "ATP phosphohydrolase (K+-importing)" [] xref_analog: EC:3.6.3.12 xref_analog: GO:0008556 is_a: REX:0000408 ! ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000413 name: solvolysis def: "Generally\, reaction with a solvent\, or with a lyonium ion or lyate ion\, involving the rupture of one or more bonds in the reacting solute. More specifically the term is used for substitution\, elimination and fragmentation reactions in which a solvent species is the nucleophile." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05762.html] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000414 name: hydrolysis def: "Solvolysis by water." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02902.html] is_a: REX:0000413 ! solvolysis [Term] id: REX:0000415 name: solvolytic elimination is_a: REX:0000413 ! solvolysis [Term] id: REX:0000416 name: solvolytic substitution is_a: REX:0000413 ! solvolysis is_a: REX:0000419 ! substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000417 name: nucleophilic solvolytic substitution is_a: REX:0000416 ! solvolytic substitution is_a: REX:0000418 ! nucleophilic solvolysis is_a: REX:0000421 ! nucleophilic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000418 name: nucleophilic solvolysis is_a: REX:0000413 ! solvolysis is_a: REX:0000422 ! polar reaction [Term] id: REX:0000419 name: substitution reaction def: "A reaction\, elementary or stepwise\, in which one atom or group in a molecular entity is replaced by another atom or group." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/S06078.html] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000420 name: electrophilic substitution reaction def: "A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as an electrophile." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02020.html] is_a: REX:0000424 ! heterolytic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000421 name: nucleophilic substitution reaction def: "A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as a nucleophile." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04249.html] is_a: REX:0000422 ! polar reaction is_a: REX:0000424 ! heterolytic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000422 name: polar reaction def: "A reaction proceeding by the movement of pairs of electrons from areas of high electron density (nucleophiles) to areas of low electron density (electrophiles)\, or from filled orbitals to empty orbitals." [ISBN:0387985409] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000423 name: homolytic substitution reaction synonym: "free-radical substitution" [] is_a: REX:0000419 ! substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000424 name: heterolytic substitution reaction is_a: REX:0000419 ! substitution reaction is_a: REX:0000422 ! polar reaction [Term] id: REX:0000425 name: bimolecular nucleophilic substitution synonym: "SN2 mechanism" [] is_a: REX:0000169 ! bimolecular reaction is_a: REX:0000421 ! nucleophilic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000426 name: unimolecular nucleophilic substitution synonym: "SN1 mechanism" [] is_a: REX:0000168 ! unimolecular reaction is_a: REX:0000421 ! nucleophilic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000427 name: addition reaction def: "A chemical reaction of two or more reacting molecular entities\, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components\, with formation of two chemical bonds and a net reduction in bond multiplicity in at least one of the reactants." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00133.html] is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000428 name: heterolytic addition reaction is_a: REX:0000422 ! polar reaction is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000429 name: homolytic addition reaction synonym: "free-radiacl addition" [] is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000430 name: electrophilic addition is_a: REX:0000428 ! heterolytic addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000431 name: nucleophilic addition is_a: REX:0000428 ! heterolytic addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000432 name: pericyclic addition reaction synonym: "simultaneous addition" [] is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000433 name: pericyclic reaction is_a: REX:0000002 ! chemical reaction [Term] id: REX:0000434 name: elimination reaction relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000435 name: oxidative addition def: "The insertion of a metal of a metal complex into a covalent bond involving formally an overall two-electron loss on one metal or a one-electron loss on each of two metals." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04367.html] is_a: REX:0000427 ! addition reaction [Term] id: REX:0000436 name: reductive elimination def: "The reverse of oxidative addition." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05223.html] relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000435 ! oxidative addition [Term] id: REX:0000437 name: unimolecular electrophilic substitution synonym: "SE1 mechanism" [] is_a: REX:0000168 ! unimolecular reaction is_a: REX:0000420 ! electrophilic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000438 name: bimolecular electrophilic substitution synonym: "SE2 mechanism" [] is_a: REX:0000169 ! bimolecular reaction is_a: REX:0000420 ! electrophilic substitution reaction [Term] id: REX:0000439 name: electrocyclic reaction is_a: REX:0000433 ! pericyclic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000440 name: sigmatropic rearrangement is_a: REX:0000433 ! pericyclic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000441 name: ene reaction is_a: REX:0000433 ! pericyclic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000442 name: electrocyclic ring closing is_a: REX:0000439 ! electrocyclic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000443 name: electrocyclic ring opening relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000442 ! electrocyclic ring closing [Term] id: REX:0000444 name: reduction def: "The reverse of oxidation." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05222.html] relationship: part_of REX:0000045 ! photoreduction relationship: part_of REX:0000405 ! redox reaction [Term] id: REX:0000445 name: oxidation relationship: part_of REX:0000047 ! photooxidation relationship: part_of REX:0000405 ! redox reaction [Term] id: REX:0000446 name: oxygenation def: "The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a substrate." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000445 ! oxidation relationship: part_of REX:0000050 ! photooxygenation relationship: part_of REX:0000397 ! oxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000447 name: dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000448 name: dehydrogenation def: "Oxidation of an organic compound by the removal of one or more hydrogen atoms." [ISBN:0198506732] is_a: REX:0000445 ! oxidation relationship: part_of REX:0000447 ! dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000449 name: hydrogenation def: "Reduction of an organic compound by the addition of the hydrogen atoms or dihydrogen." [ISBN:0198506732] is_a: REX:0000444 ! reduction relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000448 ! dehydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000450 ! photohydrogenation [Term] id: REX:0000450 name: photohydrogenation synonym: "photochemical hydrogenation" [] is_a: REX:0000045 ! photoreduction [Term] id: REX:0000451 name: photoelectronation synonym: "photochemical electronation" [] is_a: REX:0000045 ! photoreduction [Term] id: REX:0000452 name: solvent transport is_a: REX:0000119 ! transmembrane transport [Term] id: REX:0000453 name: osmosis def: "The spontaneous net flow of solvent by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane from a phase where the solvent has a higher chemical potential to one where the solvent has a lower chemical potential." [ISBN:0198506732] is_a: REX:0000452 ! solvent transport [Term] id: REX:0000454 name: electro-osmosis def: "The motion of a liquid through a membrane as a consequence of the application of an electric field across the membrane." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02016.html] synonym: "electro-endosmosis" [] synonym: "electrosmosis" [] is_a: REX:0000453 ! osmosis [Term] id: REX:0000455 name: membrane process is_a: REX:0000206 ! surface process [Term] id: REX:0000456 name: biological membrane process is_a: REX:0000455 ! membrane process [Term] id: REX:0000457 name: biological membrane transport def: "Any movement of substances or electrons across a biological membrane." [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000105 ! biological transport is_a: REX:0000119 ! transmembrane transport is_a: REX:0000456 ! biological membrane process [Term] id: REX:0000458 name: transport is_a: REX:0000167 ! macroscopic process [Term] id: REX:0000459 name: biological membrane fusion xref_analog: GO:0006944 is_a: REX:0000456 ! biological membrane process [Term] id: REX:0000460 name: pseudo-catalytic reaction is_a: REX:0000056 ! stepwise reaction [Term] id: REX:0000461 name: pseudo-catalysis def: "Increase the rate of the reaction by one of the reactant that is present in nearly constant concentration but is consumed during the process." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04924.html] is_a: REX:0000460 ! pseudo-catalytic reaction [Term] id: REX:0000462 name: general acid pseudo-catalysis is_a: REX:0000461 ! pseudo-catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000463 name: general base pseudo-catalysis is_a: REX:0000461 ! pseudo-catalysis [Term] id: REX:0000464 name: alkylmercury lyase reaction xref_analog: EC:4.99.1.2 xref_analog: GO:0018836 is_a: REX:0000108 ! transferase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000465 name: alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1 is_a: REX:0000447 ! dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000466 name: ethanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "ethanol + NAD+ --> acetaldehyde + NADH + H+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "ethanol dehydrogenase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.1.1.1 is_a: REX:0000482 ! aliphatic alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase [Term] id: REX:0000467 name: ethanol dehydrogenation def: "ethanol --> acetaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000486 ! primary alcohol dehydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000466 ! ethanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000468 name: NAD+ reduction def: "NAD+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADH" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000476 ! NAD(P)+ reduction relationship: part_of REX:0000473 ! donor:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000469 name: alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1.1 is_a: REX:0000465 ! alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000470 name: alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000469 ! alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000473 ! donor:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000471 name: alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1.1.2 is_a: REX:0000469 ! alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000474 ! donor:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000472 name: donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000473 name: donor:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000474 name: donor:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000475 name: NADP+ reduction def: "NADP+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADPH" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000476 ! NAD(P)+ reduction relationship: part_of REX:0000474 ! donor:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000476 name: NAD(P)+ reduction def: "NAD(P)+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NAD(P)H" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000449 ! hydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000477 name: methanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "methanol + NAD+ --> formaldehyde + NADH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.244] synonym: "methanol dehydrogenase" [] synonym: "methanol\:NAD+ oxidoreductase" [] is_a: REX:0000482 ! aliphatic alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase [Term] id: REX:0000478 name: methanol dehydrogenation def: "methanol --> formaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000486 ! primary alcohol dehydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000477 ! methanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000479 name: aryl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.91] synonym: "aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)" [] synonym: "aryl-alcohol\:NADP+ oxidoreductase" [] is_a: REX:0000471 ! alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000489 ! aryl-alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000480 name: propan-2-ol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "propan-2-ol + NADP+ --> acetone + NADPH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.80] synonym: "isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+)" [] synonym: "propan-2-ol\:NADP+ oxidoreductase" [] is_a: REX:0000471 ! alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000481 name: aryl-alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.90] is_a: REX:0000470 ! alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000489 ! aryl-alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000482 name: aliphatic alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase def: "an alcohol + NAD+ --> an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.1] is_a: REX:0000470 ! alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000483 name: 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction def: "3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+" [EC:1.1.1.97] synonym: "3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase" [] synonym: "3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol\:NADP+ oxidoreductase" [] is_a: REX:0000479 ! aryl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000484 name: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenation def: "3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000486 ! primary alcohol dehydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000483 ! 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000485 name: alcohol dehydrogenation def: "R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] relationship: part_of REX:0000465 ! alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000486 name: primary alcohol dehydrogenation def: "R-CH2OH --> R-C(O)H + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000485 ! alcohol dehydrogenation [Term] id: REX:0000487 name: secondary alcohol dehydrogenation def: "R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000485 ! alcohol dehydrogenation [Term] id: REX:0000488 name: propan-2-ol dehydrogenation def: "propan-2-ol --> acetone + 2 e- + 2 H+" [EBI:kid] is_a: REX:0000487 ! secondary alcohol dehydrogenation relationship: part_of REX:0000480 ! propan-2-ol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000489 name: aryl-alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000469 ! alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000490 name: chelation def: "The formation or presence of bonds between two or more separate binding sites within the same ligand and a single central atom." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01012.html] is_a: REX:0000142 ! coordination relationship: part_of REX:0000339 ! chelatase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000491 name: donor:hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000500 ! donor:iron protein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000492 name: alcohol:cytochrome dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1.2 is_a: REX:0000465 ! alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000508 ! donor:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000493 name: alcohol:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1.3 is_a: REX:0000465 ! alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000509 ! donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000494 name: alcohol:quinone dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.1.5 is_a: REX:0000465 ! alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000510 ! donor:quinone oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000495 name: carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.2 is_a: REX:0000447 ! dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000496 name: carbonyl:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.2.1 is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000495 ! carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000497 name: carbonyl:cytochrome dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.2.2 is_a: REX:0000495 ! carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000508 ! donor:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000498 name: carbonyl:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.2.3 is_a: REX:0000495 ! carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000509 ! donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000499 name: carbonyl:ferredoxin dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.2.7 is_a: REX:0000495 ! carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000501 ! donor:iron-sulfur protein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000500 name: donor:iron protein oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000501 name: donor:iron-sulfur protein oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000500 ! donor:iron protein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000502 name: NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.6 is_a: REX:0000447 ! dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000503 name: NAD(P)H:NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.6.1 is_a: REX:0000502 ! NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000504 name: NAD(P)H:hemoprotein dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.6.2 is_a: REX:0000502 ! NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000505 name: NAD(P)H:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.6.3 is_a: REX:0000502 ! NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000509 ! donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000506 name: NAD(P)H oxidase reaction def: "NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 --> NAD(P)+ + H2O2" [EC:1.6.3.1] synonym: "NAD(P)H oxidase" [] synonym: "NAD(P)H\:oxygen oxidoreductase" [] is_a: REX:0000505 ! NAD(P)H:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000507 name: NAD(P)H:quinone dehydrogenase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.6.5 is_a: REX:0000502 ! NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000510 ! donor:quinone oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000508 name: donor:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000491 ! donor:hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000509 name: donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000510 name: donor:quinone oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000511 name: metal oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.16 is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000512 name: metal:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.16.1 is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000511 ! metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000513 name: metal:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.16.3 is_a: REX:0000509 ! donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000511 ! metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000514 name: ferroxidase reaction def: "4 Fe(2+) + 4 H+ + O2 --> 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H2O" [EC:1.16.3.1] synonym: "Fe(II)\:oxygen oxidoreductase" [] synonym: "ferroxidase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.3.1 is_a: REX:0000513 ! metal:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000515 name: metal:flavin oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.16.8 is_a: REX:0000511 ! metal oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000517 ! donor:flavin oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000516 name: cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase reaction def: "2 cob(II)yrinic acid a\,c-diamide + FMN --> 2 cob(I)yrinic acid a\,c-diamide + FMNH2" [EC:1.16.8.1] synonym: "cob(II)yrinic acid a\,c-diamide reductase" [] synonym: "cob(II)yrinic acid-a\,c-diamide\:FMN oxidoreductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.8.1 is_a: REX:0000515 ! metal:flavin oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000517 name: donor:flavin oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000518 name: NADPH:mercury oxidoreductase reaction def: "Hg2+ + NADPH --> Hg + NADP+ + H+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "Hg\:NADP+ oxidoreductase" [] synonym: "mercury(II) reductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.1 is_a: REX:0000532 ! NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000519 name: NAD(P)H:metal oxidoreductase reaction relationship: is_reverse_of REX:0000512 ! metal:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000520 name: NADPH:cyanocobalamin oxidoreductase reaction def: "cyanocob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> cob(I)alamin + cyanide + NADP+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating)" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.6 is_a: REX:0000532 ! NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000521 name: NADH:diferric-transferrin oxidoreductase reaction def: "transferrin\[Fe(III)\]2 + NADH + H+ --> transferrin\[Fe(II)\]2 + NAD+" [EBI:kid] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.2 is_a: REX:0000533 ! NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000522 name: NADH:aquacobalamin oxidoreductase reaction def: "2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "aquacobalamin reductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.3 is_a: REX:0000533 ! NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000523 name: NADH:cob(II)alamin oxidoreductase reaction def: "cob(II)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(I)alamin + NAD+ " [EBI:kid] synonym: "cob(II)alamin reductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.4 is_a: REX:0000533 ! NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000524 name: NADPH:aquacobalamin oxidoreductase reaction def: "2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH)" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.5 is_a: REX:0000532 ! NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000525 name: NADH:ferric-chelate oxidoreductase reaction def: "2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+ --> 2 Fe(II) + NAD+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "ferric-chelate reductase" [] synonym: "iron chelate reductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.7 is_a: REX:0000533 ! NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000526 name: NADPH:[methionine synthase] oxidoreductase reaction def: "2 \[methionine synthase\]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine --> 2 \[methionine synthase\]-methylcob(I)alamin + 2 S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+" [EBI:kid] synonym: "\[methionine synthase\] reductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.16.1.8 is_a: REX:0000532 ! NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000527 name: hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000511 ! metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000528 name: hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.9.3 is_a: REX:0000527 ! hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000529 name: hemoprotein:nitrate oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000527 ! hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000530 name: ferrocytochrome:nitrate reductase reaction def: "ferrocytochrome + nitrate --> ferricytochrome + nitrite" [EC:1.9.6.1] synonym: "ferrocytochrome\:nitrate oxidoreductase" [] synonym: "nitrate reductase (cytochrome)" [] xref_analog: EC:1.9.6.1 is_a: REX:0000529 ! hemoprotein:nitrate oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000531 name: cytochrome-c oxidase reaction def: "4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 --> 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O" [EC:1.9.3.1] synonym: "cytochrome-c oxidase" [] synonym: "ferrocytochrome-c\:oxygen oxidoreductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.9.3.1 is_a: REX:0000528 ! hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000532 name: NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000519 ! NAD(P)H:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000533 name: NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000519 ! NAD(P)H:metal oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000534 name: hydrogenase reaction synonym: "dihydrogenase reaction" [] xref_analog: EC:1.12 is_a: REX:0000107 ! oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000535 name: hydrogen:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction def: "H2 + NAD(P)+ --> H+ + NAD(P)H" [EBI:kid] xref_analog: EC:1.12.1 is_a: REX:0000472 ! donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000534 ! hydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000536 name: hydrogen:NAD+ oxidoreductase reaction def: "H2 + NAD+ --> H+ + NADH" [EC:1.12.1.2] synonym: "hydrogen dehydrogenase" [] synonym: "hydrogen\:NAD+ oxidoreductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.12.1.2 is_a: REX:0000473 ! donor:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000535 ! hydrogen:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000537 name: hydrogen:NADP+ oxidoreductase reaction def: "H2 + NADP+ --> H+ + NADPH" [EC:1.12.1.3] synonym: "hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+)" [] synonym: "hydrogen\:NADP+ oxidoreductase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.12.1.3 is_a: REX:0000474 ! donor:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction is_a: REX:0000535 ! hydrogen:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000538 name: hydrogen:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.12.2 is_a: REX:0000508 ! donor:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000534 ! hydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000539 name: hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase reaction def: "2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 --> 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3" [EC:1.12.2.1] synonym: "H2\:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase" [] synonym: "cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase" [] xref_analog: EC:1.12.2.1 is_a: REX:0000538 ! hydrogen:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000540 name: hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase reaction xref_analog: EC:1.12.5 is_a: REX:0000510 ! donor:quinone oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000534 ! hydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000541 name: magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase reaction def: "magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O" [GO:0048529] xref_analog: EC:1.14.13.81 xref_analog: GO:0048529 is_a: REX:0000402 ! paired donor monooxygenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000542 name: hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase reaction def: "H2 + oxidized ferredoxin --> reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+" [EC:1.12.7.2] xref_analog: EC:1.12.7.2 is_a: REX:0000501 ! donor:iron-sulfur protein oxidoreductase reaction is_a: REX:0000534 ! hydrogenase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000543 name: magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester hydroxylase reaction def: "magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O" [EC:1.14.13.81] relationship: part_of REX:0000541 ! magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000544 name: 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester dehydrogenase reaction def: "13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O" [EC:1.14.13.81] relationship: part_of REX:0000541 ! magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000545 name: 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester cyclase reaction def: "13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O" [EC:1.14.13.81] relationship: part_of REX:0000541 ! magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase reaction [Term] id: REX:0000546 name: tunnelling def: "The process by which a particle or a set of particles crosses a barrier on its potential-energy surface without having the energy required to surmount this barrier." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06531.html] synonym: "quantum tunneling" [] synonym: "quantum tunnelling" [] synonym: "quantum-mechanical tunnelling" [] synonym: "tunneling" [] is_a: REX:0000166 ! microscopic process relationship: part_of REX:0000551 ! predissociation [Term] id: REX:0000547 name: proton tunnelling is_a: REX:0000546 ! tunnelling relationship: part_of REX:0000549 ! concerted proton tunnelling-electron tunnelling [Term] id: REX:0000548 name: electron tunnelling is_a: REX:0000546 ! tunnelling relationship: part_of REX:0000549 ! concerted proton tunnelling-electron tunnelling [Term] id: REX:0000549 name: concerted proton tunnelling-electron tunnelling def: "A concerted process where the proton and the electron tunnel at the same time but independently of each other." [PUBMED:12589565] synonym: "PTET" [] synonym: "concerted proton tunneling-electron tunneling" [] is_a: REX:0000546 ! tunnelling [Term] id: REX:0000550 name: primary photoreaction def: "Elementary chemical process undergone by an electronically excited molecular entity and yielding a primary photoproduct." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04836.html] synonym: "primary photochemical process" [] synonym: "primary photochemical reaction" [] is_a: REX:0000033 ! photochemical reaction is_a: REX:0000055 ! elementary reaction [Term] id: REX:0000551 name: predissociation def: "Dissociation occurring by tunnelling from a 'bound' to an 'unbound' vibronic state." [http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04808.html] is_a: REX:0000151 ! dissociation [Typedef] id: disjoint_from name: disjoint from [Typedef] id: inverse_of name: inverse of [Typedef] id: is_a name: is a [Typedef] id: is_reverse_of name: is reverse of [Typedef] id: part_of name: Part of