format-version: 1.0 date: 18:11:2007 11:42 saved-by: Helen auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 1.101 default-namespace: default_namespace [Term] id: TADS:0000000 name: adult capitulum def: "Anterior region of the body that contains the palps, chelicerae and hypostome. Capable of dorsal to ventral flexing motion. Homologous with the gnathosoma of mites. The capitulum articulates with the body via a cavity, the camerostome. The capitulum is located at the anterior end of the body in ixodid ticks and the larvae of many argasid ticks. It is located ventrally or subterminal, obscured by an overhang of the anterior end of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-7; Fig. 2-8; Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Gnathosoma" [] xref_analog: ISBN:0-19-505910-7 is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000001 name: adult body def: "The adult body is the region that includes the prosoma and the opisthosoma." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 2-3; Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-5; Fig. 2-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. xref_analog: ISBN:0-19-505910-7 is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000002 name: adult leg def: "Ticks have 4 pairs of walking legs as adults and nymphs (only 3 pair occur in larvae). Each leg consists of 6 segments, the coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus of each leg bears an apotele comprising the claws and the pulvillus (the latter is absent in most argasid tick nymphs and adults). A complex sensory organ, Haller's organ, is located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20; Fig. 4-21; Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000003 name: adult Palp def: "The paired palps are located on either side of the hypostome and the medially-located chelicerae. Each palp consists of four distinct segment (= articles). In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), the fourth palpal segment is reduced and located in a cavity in the terminal end of segment three. In argasid ticks (Family Argasidae), all four palpal segments are similar in length. The palps provide sensory information about the condition of the host skin in preparation for selecting a site for feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000004 name: Type A single pore multifunctional sensillum def: "Tip-pore setiform sensilla that have dendrites from both mechanosensory and gustatory neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-23; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000007 ! adult Article IV [Term] id: TADS:0000005 name: adult Article III def: "The third segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment has a depression on its terminal (distal) end where the fourth palpal segment is inserted." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000006 name: adult Article II def: "The second segment of the palp." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000007 name: adult Article IV def: "The fourth and distal most segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment is much smaller than the other segments and recessed in a depression of article III. The fourth palpal segment contains a prominent field of small tip-pore sensilla that function as gustatory and gustatory/mechanosensory sensilla (possibly also thermosensory functions). These sensilla provide information about the host skin during the attachment phase of tick feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000009 name: adult Hypostome def: "The hypostome is an unpaired, elongated projection from the basis capituli that is inserted into the skin when the tick feeds. The hypostome contains recurved denticles (teeth) on ventral surface and a narrow channel, the food canal (= hypostomal gutter) on itsdorsal surface." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000010 name: Type B single pore chemosensory sensillum def: "Setiform tip-pore sensilla that have dendrites from gustatory neurons. These sensilla are believed to function as tastereceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-23; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000007 ! adult Article IV [Term] id: TADS:0000011 name: adult hypostomal corona def: "The field of tiny denticles at the anterior end of the hypostome." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Hypostomal tip denticles" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000012 name: adult hypostomal recuved denticle def: "The hypostome is armed with numerous recurved denticles (= teeth) that project posteriorly. The denticles are arranged in rows,typically two or three on either side of the center line indicated by the food canal. The number of rows and number of denticles in arow provide useful characters for taxonomic separation of species." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Teeth" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000013 name: adult chelicera def: "The chelicerae are the cutting organs used by the tick to penetrate the host's skin. Each chelicera consists of a base, a shaftand the cutting digits, both internal and external digits. The chelicerae are covered with a spinose sheath. The chelicerae are retractable." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-2; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-11; Fig. 15-25; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000014 name: adult preoral canal def: "Food channel through which blood is sucked and/or saliva is delivered." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Food canal" [] related_synonym: "Hypostomal gutter" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000015 name: adult outer cheliceral sheath def: "Spinose sheath covering the cheliceral shafts but not the digits. Fuses with the dorsal covering or tectum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000016 name: adult inner cheliceral sheath def: "Delicate inner membrane surrounding the shaft of the chelicera." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000017 name: adult cheliceral hood def: "Delicate membraneous sheath that can be withdrawn to expose the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000018 name: adult cheliceral base def: "Bublous area at the junction of the capitulum and the body which contains the muscles that move the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000019 name: Basis capituli def: "Major region of the junction of the capitulum with the body that encloses the cheliceral shafts and cheliceral bases; alsoincludes the pharynx and the salivary ducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-2; Fig. 7-3; Fig. 7-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000020 name: adult tectum def: "Roof of the basis capituli that fuses with the outer cheliceral sheaths; also encloses the pharynx, pharyngeal dilater muscles,pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the salivary gland ducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000021 name: Internal cheliceral muscles def: "Muscles that move the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-11; Fig. 7-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000022 name: adult flexor tendon of cheliceral digit def: "Flexes inner digit in the lateral direction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000023 name: adult extensor tendon of cheliceral digit def: "Extends (straightens) inner cheliceral digits towards the midline." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000024 name: adult inner cheliceral digit def: "Large, spiny anterior-most segment of the chelicera that contains cutting spines cutting into the skin of the host." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-17; Fig. 4-18; Fig. 15-25; Fig. 15-26; Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Internal article" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000025 name: adult outer cheliceral digit comment: Fig. 4.-17; Fig. 4-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult external article" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000026 name: adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit def: "The large, sharp tooth on the inner digit." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7.] comment: Fig. 4.-17; Fig. 4-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000027 name: adult article I def: "The basal segment (=article) of the palp that is attached to the basis capituli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000028 name: adult PS-1 pit sensillum def: "This sensillum is innervated by a single neuron believed to have a thermosensory function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pore sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000026 ! adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000029 name: adult PS-2 pit sensillum def: "Gustatory chemosensory sensillum innervated by 11 chemosensory dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000026 ! adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000030 name: adult salivarium def: "Space bounded by the hypostome and chelicerae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000031 name: adult PSd-1 neuron def: "The PSd-1 neuron is believed to function as a thermosensory neuron." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000028 ! adult PS-1 pit sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000032 name: adult placoid sensillum def: "Large flat circular plate at the base of the inner cheliceral digit innervated by mechanosensory dendrites. The placoid sensillum is a mechanosensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pit organ in Boophilus microplus" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000033 name: Cheliceral nerve def: "Nerve within cheliceral digits supply mechanosensory and chemosensory (gustatory) neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7 relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000034 name: adult placoid sensillum nerve branch def: "Branch from cheliceral nerve containing mechanosensory dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000032 ! adult placoid sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000035 name: adult PSd-2 nerve branch def: "Branch comprising cluster of 11 chemosensory dendrites from cheliceral nerve to PS-2 pit sensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000029 ! adult PS-2 pit sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000036 name: adult papal nerve def: "Nerve comprising mechanosensory, chemosensory (mostly gustatory) neurons to palpal sensory field sensilla at the tip of Article IV." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000037 name: adult porose area def: "Paired depressions on dorsal surface of the basis capituli of females containing numerous tiny pores. Function obscure. Believed to supply antioxidants preventing degradation of unsaturated lipids that comprise the waxy secretions supplied by Gene's organ. If the porose areas are blocked, Gene's organ does not function properly." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 7-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000038 name: adult scutum def: "Dorsal plate found in all stages of all ixodid ticks; absent in Argasidae. Sclerotized plate for muscle attachment. Covers anterior region of the body in larvae, nymphs and the entire dorsal body surface in males." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000039 name: adult labrum def: "Flap like structure covering the roof of the preoral canal. Very short in ixodid ticks but long in argasid ticks and extending over the full length of the preoral canal (hypstomal gutter). In argasid ticks, the labrum can move up and down, thereby separating the blood flowing into the mouth from the saliva expelled above it into the salivarium. In argasid ticks, the labrum is hollow and filled with fluid. This is an adaptation for rapid feeding characteristic of these ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000040 name: adult mouth def: "Opening found at the junction of the preoral canal and the anterior pharygneal valve (opening of the pharynx)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult buccal cavity" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000041 name: adult epistome def: "Plate for attachment of dorsal dilator muscle of the pharynx." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Subcheliceral plate" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000042 name: adult pharynx def: "Powerful sucking organ that serves as a sucking pump to suck blood from the host during blood feeding. Surrounded by powerful constrictor and dilator muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-13; Fig. 7-14; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 7-16; Fig. 7-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000043 name: adult respiratory system def: "A system of tracheal trunks and anastomosing tracheae that extend throughout the body, capitulum and legs to supply oxygen tothe cells and tissues and remove waste CO2. The tracheae end in tracheoles within the individual tissues. Opens to the exterior via the paired spiracles on the lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Adult tracheal system" [] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000044 name: adult atrial chamber def: "The large chamber just below the ostium that connects the subostial space with the tracheal trunks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000045 name: adult pharyngeal lumen def: "Cavity into which blood flows. Separated from the mouth by the anterior pharyngeal valve and the esophagus by the posterior pharyngeal valve. Tri-radial shaped cavity when collapsed, subcircular when filled with fluid." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 17-16; Fig. 17-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000046 name: adult pharyngeal constrictor muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles that surround the pharynx and collapse it, driving blood posteriorly. Constrictor muscles alternate with dilator muscles to effect the characteristic pumping action." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000047 name: adult pharyngeal ventral dilator muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles extending from the ventral internal surface of the basis capituli to the ventral surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000048 name: adult pharyngeal dorsal dilator muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles extending from the epistome (subcheliceral plate) of the basis capituli to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000049 name: adult pharyngeal lateral dilator muscle def: "Bands of constrictor muscles extending from the lateral margins of the basis capituli to the pharynx." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000050 name: adult anterior pharyngeal valve def: "Valve at the anterior end of the pharynx and mouth opening at the end of the preoral canal." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000051 name: adult v-shaped wedge def: "V-shaped moveable sructure (wedge) that contributes to opening and closing of the valve by fitting into the mouth at the end of the pre-oral canal, thereby opening or closing the connection to the pharynx. When the wedge is raised, the valve is opened, allowing fluid uptake. When lowered, the valve is closed by collapse of its walls and regurgitation is blocked. Opening and closing of the valve is coordinated with constriction and dilation of the pharynx to propel blood posteriorly and prevent regurgitation." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "tooth" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000052 name: adult alar plate def: "Wing-shaped sclerotized plates for support of muscles controlling the action of the pharyngeal valve, Muscle bundles extendfrom the alae to the subcheliceral plate (epistome) and from the alar surfaces to the ventral side of the basis capituli. Dilator muscles of the pharynx also attach to the alar plates. Operation of the anterior pharyngeal valve is accomplished by the contractionof the dilator muscles inserted on the wing-like alae, thereby raising or lowering the v-shaped wedge. When the wedge is raised,fluid is taken up, when lowered, it projects down into the v-shaped valve, sealing it and prevents backflow." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Alae" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000053 name: adult internal hypostomal muscle def: "Muscles within the hypostome that extend from the lateral margins to the pre-oral canal (hypostomal gutter) and dilate the channel. Most prominent in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000054 name: adult salivary ducts def: "Ducts from the salivary glands to the salivarium. The salivary duct is easily recognized by its banded structure, resembling the taenidia of the trachea, and its connection to the salivary gland. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000055 name: adult recurrent nerve def: "A nerve that originates in the stomadeal pons of the synganglion and runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "stomatogastric nerve" [] is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000056 name: adult pharyngeal valve teeth def: "Small teeth on the inner walls of the pharyngeal valve in some ixodid ticks; absent in argasid ticks. When apposed by themoveable v-shaped wedge, the teeth and wedge form a sort of grinding organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000057 name: adult esophagus def: "Cuticle-lined duct from the end of the pharynx to the midgut. No valve has been found at the exit of the pharynx into theesophagus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-7; Fig. 14-8; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; Fig. 14-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000058 name: adult dorsal alloscutum def: "Remainder of the dorsal body surface posterior to the scutum. Covered with flexible, grooved cuticle and capable of extensive expansion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000059 name: adult spiracle def: "Aperture on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Paired structure located on opposite sides of the body at the same location. In ixodid ticks, the spiracle is located posterior to leg IV and embedded in a large spiracular plate. In argasid ticks, the spiracleis located between legs III and IV, adjacent to a small spiracular plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 4-10; Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000060 name: adult spiracular plate def: "Plate surrounding or adjacent to spiracle on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Large plate covered with numerous pore-likestructures in ixodid ticks, small pore-like structures in argasid ticks. Located posterior to leg IV in ixodid ticks, posterior toleg III in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000061 name: adult eye Ixodidae def: "Simple eye located on dorso-lateral margin of dorsum, adjacent to the scutum. Paired structure, one on each side of the body. In some species, the eye is located on the lateral margin of the scutum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000062 name: adult eye Argasidae def: "Simple eye located on the ventro-lateral margin of the body between legs III and IV. Paired structure, one on each side of thebody. Not universally present; some species are without eyes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000063 name: adult foveal pore def: "Paired structure on dorsal body. In females, the foveal pores are located in the alloscutal region just posterior to the scutum. In males, the much smaller foveal pores are located in the middle of the sctum. The foveal pores contain numerous tinyapertures and serve as the site for emission of the sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Absent in Prostriate and argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-3; Fig. 19-4; Fig. 19-5; Fig. 19-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Foveae" [] is_a: TADS:0000591 ! anatomical surface relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000395 ! adult foveae dorsales [Term] id: TADS:0000064 name: adult foveal gland def: "Paired multicellular glands connected to the foveal pores by simple ducts. Each gland consists of large cells filled withinnumerable lipid droplets containing sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Site of sex pheromone biosynthesis and secretion during female feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-15; Fig. 19-17; Fig. 19-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Sex pheromone glands" [] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000065 name: adult foveal nerve def: "Single sensory nerve innervating the foveal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000066 name: adult anus def: "Pore located in the ventral midline of the body for elimination of fecal and excretory wastes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-12; Fig. 4-25; Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Anal pore" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000067 name: adult female genital pore def: "Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Location where spermatophores are inserted duringcopulation and from which ova emerge during oviposition. Subtriangular depression in ixodid females; broad, lateral slit in argasidfemales. Opens into the vestibular vagina." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 2-5; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-7; Fig. 16-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult female genital aperture" [] related_synonym: "Adult female genital groove" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000068 name: adult male genital pore def: "Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Subrectangular structure. Location from which thespermatophores are extruded from the male body during copulation. Covered by a movable flap which opens to allow the spermatophore to emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000069 name: adult anal groove def: "Groove in the ventral posterior mid-line of the body anterior to the anal pore in the Prostriata but posterior to the anal pore in the Metastriata." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000070 name: adult marginal groove def: "Groove that separates the dorsal and ventral regions of the body along the lateral margins. Found only in argasid ticks of thegenus Argas. A margin groove also occurs on the dorsal body surface of females of the genus Ixodes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000071 name: adult hood def: "Protruding anterior extension of the body in argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros that obscures the capitulum in dorsal view." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; Fig. 7-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000072 name: adult opisthosoma def: "Region of the body posterior to the leg coxae that bears the spiracles and the anal aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000073 name: adult podosoma def: "Region of the body bearing the legs and the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000074 name: adult pregenital plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the ventral surface of the males of the genus Ixodes anterior to the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult sternal plate" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000075 name: adult median plate def: "Slerotized plate on the ventral median region of the body of males of the genus Ixodes. Located posterior to the male genitalpore but anterior to the anal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000076 name: adult anal plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the body of the males of the genus Ixodes located posterior to the median plate and surrounding the anal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000077 name: adult adanal plate def: "Sclerotized plate on ventral opisthosomal surface of the males of the genus Ixodes lateral to the anal plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000078 name: adult epimeral plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the ventral opisthosomal region of the males of the genus Ixodes. Located along the lateral margin of the body posterior to the spiracular plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000079 name: adult cheek def: "Paired flap like structures on the anterior ventral surface of the body adjacent to the capitulum of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; Fig. 7-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000080 name: adult coxal gland def: "Paired glands located in the ventral anterior region inside the body of adult and nymphal argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-9; Fig. 10-10; Fig. 10-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system [Term] id: TADS:0000081 name: adult coxal tubule def: "Collecting tubule of each coxal gland. Consists of several regions ending distally in the coxal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-9; Fig. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Coxal duct" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000082 name: adult coxal pore def: "Tiny pore located on each side of the ventral opithosomal region of the body of argasid ticks between the coxae of legs I andII. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-26; Fig. 10-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult coxal gland aperture" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000083 name: adult distal tubule of coxal gland def: "Region of the coiled collecting duct within the body of the coxal gland. Connects to the coxal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000081 ! adult coxal tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000084 name: adult proximal tubule of coxal gland def: "Region of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal gland. Located entirely within the body of the coxal gland and surrounded bythe filtration membrane. Responsible for water and salt elimination and selective ion resorption." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: .. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000081 ! adult coxal tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000085 name: adult coxal gland filtration membrane def: "Highly folded delicate membrane forming the outer surface of the coxal gland of argasid ticks. Invests the interior coiledcollecting ducts in a labyrinthine network. Responsible for ultrafiltration of walter and salts from the hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000086 name: adult coxal tubule podocyte def: "Cells that form the lining of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000083 ! adult distal tubule of coxal gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000084 ! adult proximal tubule of coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000087 name: adult foveal duct def: "Ducts of the foveal glands connecting the secretory cells of the foveal glands with the foveal pores in the foveae on the body surface." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-15; Fig. 19-16; Fig. 19-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Foveal pore tubules" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000088 name: adult sensilla auriformia def: "Numerous tiny slit-like pores that occur on the surface of the allocscutum in ixodid ticks. Also occur on the surface of thescutum. These pores function as mechanosensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000089 name: adult setae def: "Hair-like structures that occur all over the body. Most are mechanosensory in function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-8; Fig. 5-9; Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "setiform sensilla" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000090 name: adult cervical groove def: "Paired grooves located in the median region of the scutum in most ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000091 name: adult lateral groove def: "Paired shallow grooves that occur near the lateral regions of the scutum in some prostriate ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000092 name: adult lateral carina def: "Ridges located on the lateral sides of the scutum in some ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000093 name: adult camerostome def: "Cavity with elevated margins in the anterior region of the body within which the capitulum is situated." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Emargination cavity (Ixodidae)" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000094 name: adult mammillae def: "Innumerable tiny folds of cuticle on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Presents a granularappearance. Absent in larvae. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000095 name: adult disc def: "Small rectangular plates that occur on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Argas." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000096 name: adult post-anal groove def: "Groove located in the ventral median opisthosomal region of the body of some argasid ticks, especially species of the genus Ornithodoros. Extends from the anus to the transverse post-anal groove. Absent in larvae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Median post-anal groove" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000097 name: adult transverse post-anal groove def: "Groove located near the posterior margin of the ventral opisthosomal region of some species of argasid ticks, especially in the genus Ornithodoros. Intersects with the post-anal groove. Absent in larvae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-12; Fig. 4-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000098 name: adult goblet def: "Numerous semi-transparent structures throughout the surface of the spiracular plate containing aeropyles within each goblet. Absent in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000060 ! adult spiracular plate [Term] id: TADS:0000099 name: adult aeropyle def: "Cavities within the spiracular plate structure represented externally by the goblets. Separated from one another by pedicels." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000098 ! adult goblet [Term] id: TADS:0000100 name: adult pedicel def: "Pillars of cuticle separating the individual air spaces (aeropyles)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000098 ! adult goblet [Term] id: TADS:0000101 name: adult macula def: "Small raised structure adjacent to the ostium." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000102 name: adult ostium of the spiracle. def: "Opening from the atrial chamber of the respiratory system to the exterior. In argasid ticks, pressure from the raised macula closes the ostial aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 4-10; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000103 name: adult scapula def: "Prominent anteriorly protruding spine-like extension of the scutum on either side of the capitulum in some species of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000104 name: adult marginal body fold def: "Fold along the dorso-lateral margin of the body in some species of ixodid ticks, separated on the medial side by the marginalgroove." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000105 name: adult supracoxal fold def: "Prominent folds on the ventro-lateral margins of argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. The eyes, spiracles and coxal poresare located on the supracoxal folds." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7; Fig. 25. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000106 name: adult festoon def: "Subrectangular areas on the ventral posterior margins of the body of some species of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-47; Fig. 2-48; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000107 name: adult coxal fold def: "Prominent fold on the ventral surface of the body in some argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000108 name: adult integument def: "The body covering consisting of the cuticle and the underlying epidermis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000109 name: adult epidermis def: "Tissue that secretes the cuticle. Layer of epithelial cells. Also secretes enzymes that dissolve old cuticle and secrete newcuticle during molting." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-13; Fig. 5-14; Fig. 5-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000110 name: adult cuticle def: "Dead outer part of the integument made up of primarily of protein and chitin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-3; Fig. 5-4; Fig. 5-5; Fig. 5-6; Fig. 5-7; Fig. 5-13; Fig. 5-14; Fig. 5-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Exoskeleton" [] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000111 name: adult epicuticle def: "Thin (1 - 2 microns) outermost layer of the cuticle composed entirely of protein. This layer is not resorbed during molting butis shed during the molting process and discarded (exuviae or molted skin)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000110 ! adult cuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000112 name: adult procuticle def: "Region of the cuticle under the epicuticle composed of a mixture of protein and chitin compounds. Resorbed during the ecdysial(molting) process." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig, 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000110 ! adult cuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000113 name: adult dense homogenous layer def: "Consists of numerous microfibrils perpendicular to the cuticular surface forming a striated appearance (as seen with theelectron microscope)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000114 name: adult cuticulin layer def: "Thin electron dense layer composed of complex tanned lipoproteins. First layer secreted during cuticle synthesis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Polyphenol layer of epicuticle" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000115 name: adult wax layer def: "In ixodid ticks, this is the outermost layer. Secreted by the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000116 name: adult cement layer def: "Outermost layer of the epicuticle in argasid ticks. Secreted by the dermal glands. Present only in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000117 name: adult dermal glands Type I def: "Glands located in the integument consisting of two or three cells that secrete waxy fluids onto the cuticle via ducts. Most common type of dermal gland. In Argasidae, these glands are believed to secrete the cement layer." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-11; Fig. 5-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000118 name: adult dermal glands Type II def: "Dermal glands located on the ventro-lateral regionof the body of the males of several African Amblyomma species. The glands comprise two or three enormously enlarged cells. These glands are reported to be the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the bont tick attraction/aggregation/attachment (AAA) pheromone. See also J. Chem. Ecology 17: 833 - 847." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000119 name: adult salivary gland def: "Paired glands comprised of clusters of white multicellular acini (lobes) arranged around a common salivary duct. The salivary glands are located in the antero-lateral regions of the body. The salivary glands are among the largest glands in the body. The salivary glands are comprised of two types of acini (alveoli), agranular acini (type I acaini) located near the anterior end of the gland and up to three types of granular acini (types II, III and IV), located in the middle and posterior regions of the gland. Agranular acini open directly into the main salivary duct. The granular acini open into intralobular ducts that ramify among the acini, eventually joining the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-1; Fig. 8-2; Fig. 8-3; Fig. 8-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000120 name: adult exocuticle def: "Outermost, non-lamellated region of the procuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000112 ! adult procuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000121 name: adult Endocuticle def: "The innermost zone of the procuticle. This region contains numerous lamellae composed of tiny microfibrils. It is permeated by innumerable tiny canaliculi that pass through the endocuticle, forming an anastomosing network of canals." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000112 ! adult procuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000122 name: adult pore canal def: "Tiny submicroscopic or barely microscopic canaliculi normally visible only with the electron microscope. Permeate the endocuticle. Function unknown." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000121 ! adult Endocuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000123 name: adult dermal gland duct def: "Duct from the cells of the dermal gland to the exterior of the cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000117 ! adult dermal glands Type I relationship: part_of TADS:0000118 ! adult dermal glands Type II [Term] id: TADS:0000124 name: adult dermal gland ampulla def: "Valve-like structure at the junction of the dermal gland duct and the dermal gland cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000123 ! adult dermal gland duct [Term] id: TADS:0000125 name: adult sensilla hastiformia def: "Socket-like sensilla, somewhat broader than the sensilla auriformia, that occur on the surface of the alloscutum. Believed to function as strectch receptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000126 name: adult salivay gand type I acinus def: "Cluster of non-granular cells located along the anterior part of the salivary ducts. Also known as agranular acini. Believed to be responsible for hygroscopic regulation of water balance by direct sorption of atmospheric moisture. Type I acini secrete highlyconcentrated salty solutions into the preoral canal and suck back the dilute solutions, thereby gaining new water." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; Fig. 8-6; Fig. 8-7; Fig. 8-8; Fig. 8-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Agranular acini" [] related_synonym: "Pyramidal alveoli" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000127 name: adult salivary gland type II acini def: "Granular acini clustered around secondary salivay ducts. Do not connect directly to the main salivary duct, but rather connectvia secondary ducts. Type II acini contain three types of granular cells, A, B and C, so-called because of differences in the granules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000128 name: adult salivary gland type III acini def: "A cluster of acini located primarily in the posterior region of the salivary gland, connected via secondary ducts to the mainsalivary gland duct. Comprised of three major cell types, D, E and F cells. According to Jaworski et al (1992), the cement compoundsused to bind the tick mouthparts to the host skin are elaborated in the D and E cells of these acini. Bishop et al (2002) report acement protein from the type E cells of the type III acini in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The F cell is transformed during bloodfeeding by membrane infolding to form an enormous labyrinthe system for extracting water and salts from the hemolymph and secreting them into the salivary ducts for excretion back into the host. The type III acini are the primary sites for development of sporozoites of Theileria parva, the agent of East Coast Fever." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000129 name: adult salivary gland A cell def: "Type of cell found in the Type II acini of the salivary glands in ixodid ticks. Type A cells contain numerous granules ofunknown function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000130 name: adult salivary gland B cell def: "Cells found in the Type II acini. Crause et al (1993) reported finding that tick toxin from three species of ixodid ticks wasidentified in these cells by immunocytochemical assay." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000131 name: adult salivary gland C cell def: "Cell type found in the Type II acini of the salivay glands of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000132 name: adult salivary gland type I central cell def: "Large cell in the center of the acini in direct contact with the main salivary duct. The membrane is folded into a labyrinthine network with the lamellae oriented from the apex to the periphery of the cells. This profusion of densely packed lamellae almost all oriented in the same direction gives the acinus its characteristic foliate or striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Central lamellate cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus [Term] id: TADS:0000133 name: adult salivary gland type I peripheral cell def: "Large cells located along the peripheral margins of the type I acini. The cytoplasm of the peripheral cells also exhibits anenormous proliferation of lamellate sheets at their hemolymph borders contributing their striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Neck cells" [] related_synonym: "Peripheral lamellate cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus [Term] id: TADS:0000134 name: adult salivary gland peritubular cell def: "Cells reponsible for secreting the intralobular acinar duct. In type I acini, the acinar duct is extremely short and leads directly into the main salivary duct. Thus the agranular type I acini appear to communicate directly with the main salivary duct. In the type II and type III acini, the acinar duct is bifurcated and communicates with the secondary ducts, not the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Neck cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000135 name: adult salivary gland intralobular duct def: "Bifurcate ducts from within the acini that coalesce and fuse with the main salivary duct. Salivary fluids from the acini are transported via these secondary ducts to the main salivary duct for transport to the exterior." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Acinar duct" [] related_synonym: "Secondary salivary ducts" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000136 name: adult salivary gland granular acini ablumenal cell def: "These cells occur along the outer edges of the type II or type III acini, sandwiched between the much larger granule-filled secretory cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-12; Fig. 8-13; Fig. 8-14; Fig. 8-15; Fig. 8-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000137 name: adult salivary gland granular acini adlumenal interstitial cell def: "Long narrow cells that are situated between the much larger granular secretory cells and extend from the central lumen almost to the periphery of the acinus. During feeding, the adlumenal cells enlarge and function as myoepithelial cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000138 name: adult salivary gland type IV acini def: "A type of granular acinus found only in males of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000139 name: adult salivary gland D cell def: "Cell type found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. Each D cell occurs near the acinar duct and resembles the A cells of the type II acini. The D cells contains heterogenous, compound granules composed of numerous subunits. The D and E cells are believed to secrete the compound or compounds that are a part of the attachment cement ( A 90 kDa protein homologous in part with a smaller protein found in the cement cone)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000140 name: adult salivary gland E cell def: "Cell type found in the Type III acini of the salivary glands. This is the dominant cell type found in the Type III acini. These cells are filled with numerous homogeneous granules up to 6 microns in diameter. These granules are composed of numerous densely packed subunits. E cells are also (along with D cells) believed to the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the cement compounds. These cells deplete the granules soon after attachment and gradually atrophy as feeding progresses." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000141 name: adult salivary gland F cell def: "Cell found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. These cells deplete their granules within two days after attachment. Thereafter, they transform, develop an elaborate basal labyrinth and a huge intra-acinar lumen. They complete their transformation and their fullest development during the period of rapid engorgement. They are now specialized for rapid water and electrolyte secretion which enables the tick to suck huge quantities of blood while eliminating the excess blood meal water." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10: Fig. 8-13; Fig. 8-14; Fig. 8-15; Fig. 8-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Vacuolar cells" [] related_synonym: "Water cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000142 name: adult midgut lining UDC cell def: "Undifferentiated cells (stem cells) from which all other cell types differentiate during and after feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Stem cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000143 name: adult salivary gland G cell def: "Secretory cells filled with spherical secretion granuls. The secretions of the Type IV acini are believed to contribute somecomponent of the saliva that reduces spermatophore adhesion during copulation so t hat the spermatophore can be transferred to the female genital pore without adhering to other body structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000144 name: adult salivary gland lobular duct def: "Small, secondary ducts that connect the individual granular acini to the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000145 name: adult salivary gland acinar lumen def: "Temporary lumen that forms in the Type III acinus during the later stages of blood feeding when the F cells transforms and prepares the acinus for water elimination." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-17; Fig. 8-18; Fig. 8-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000146 name: adult circulatory system def: "System consisting of the heart, aorta, periganglionic sinus, pericardial sinus, dorsal and ventral anterior sinuses and the four pedal arteries." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11.1, 11.2. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000147 name: adult heart def: "An elongated thin walled, saclike structure composed of a layer of epithelium and smooth muscle fibers located in the dorsal mid line of the body lying just below the paired dorsal foveae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000148 name: adult pericardial sinus def: "A thin membranous epithelial sac that surrounds heart and separates it from the hemocoel. The pericardial sinus filters the hemolymph that diffuses into the pericardial sinus before entering the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000546 ! adult pericardial septum [Term] id: TADS:0000149 name: adult periganglionic sinus def: "Narrow hemolymph-filled cavity surrounding the synganglion and continuous with the pericardial sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000150 name: adult heart pulsatile region def: "Bulbous thickened posterior region of the heart. This is the pulsatile region. The heart muscle is especially thickened here with bands of striated muscle oriented circularly. Constriction of the muscles in this region drives the hemolymph anteriorly." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks. relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000151 name: adult heart anterior region def: "Cone shaped anterior region that fuses with the aorta. In the anterior region, the heart is cone-shaped with the muscles oriented longitudinally. An aortic valve located at the junction between the end of the anterior region and the aorta prevents backflow." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Aortic myocardial zone" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000152 name: adult heart ostium def: "Two pairs of ostia occur, two on either side, in the bulbous posterior region. The ostia are surrounded by muscle bandsfascilitating their closure. This prevent backflow when the heart muscles constract." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000153 name: adult heart aortic valve. def: "Valve located between the junction of the anterior region of the heart and the aorta. This valve opens when the heart muscles contract, but prevents backflow when the heart relaxes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000154 name: adult aorta def: "Short, muscular tube that connects the heart with the periganglionic sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000155 name: adult dorsolateral suspensory muscles of the heart def: "Muscle bands that contribute to dilation of the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000156 name: adult ventrolateral suspensory muscles of the heart def: "Muscles that contribute to the dilation of the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000157 name: adult anterior sinus def: "\"Blood vessel\" that extends from the periganglionic sinus towards the anterior end of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000158 name: adult pedal artery I def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the first pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000159 name: adult pedal artery II def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the second pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:05-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000160 name: adult pedal artery III def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the third pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000161 name: adult pedal artery IV def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the fourth pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000162 name: adult excretory system def: "In ixodid ticks, this system includes the malpighian tubules, the intestine, the rectal sac, and the anus. In argasid ticks, italso includes the coxal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000163 name: adult malpighian tubule def: "A pair of thin-walled extremely long, coiled and folded tubules that extend throughout the body. The wall of the malpighiantubules consists of cuboidal or sub-cuboidal epithelial cells. Each malpighian tubule connects to the rectal sac on its lateralmargins. Responsible for extraction and elimination of nitrogenous waste. Normally, the malpighian tubules are filled withsubspherical guanine crystals which are produced in this location." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system [Term] id: TADS:0000164 name: adult hindgut def: "Region of the alimentary system concerned with waste accumulation and water resorption. The hindgut is comprised of the intestine, the rectal sac and the rectum (rectal canal or anal canal)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-2; Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000165 name: adult intestine def: "Short thin tube connecting the midgut with the rectal sac. Absent in some species of argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1;in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Rectal tube" [] is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000166 name: adult rectal sac def: "Large thin-walled organ located in the posterior region of the body. Connected to the midgut by the intestine and to theexterior of the body by the anus. A pair of malpighian tubules connect to the rectal sac on either side. The rectal sac is filled with guanine crystals and fills with hematin and other wastes from the midgut during blood feeding. The hindgut is believed to be responsible for some water and selective salt resorption and may also be responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes. The rectal sacis a simple sac in ixodid ticks, but bifurcated in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 10-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000167 name: adult rectum def: "Short cuticle-lined tube connecting the rectal sac to the anus (anal pore). The rectal wall consists of a thin layer ofepithelial cells on a delicate basement membrane." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Anal canal" [] related_synonym: "Rectal canal" [] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000168 name: adult malpighian tubule epithelial lining def: "A thin layer of cuboidal cells covered with innumerable microvilli on their lumenal surfaces that forms the inner lining of the malpighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-4; Fig. 10-5; Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000169 name: adult malpighian tubule outer layer def: "A thin layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of the malpighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000170 name: adult alimentary system def: "System comprising the foregut, midgut and hindgut. System for ingesting host blood, digesting it and eliminating wastes fromblood feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000171 name: adult midgut def: "Region of the alimentary canal where digestion of the blood meal takes place. The midgut is the largest organ in the body ofthe tick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-1; Fig. 9-2; Fig. 9-4; Fig. 9-5; Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-9; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-16; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-24; Fig. 9-26; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000172 name: adult stomach def: "Cenral part of the midgut from which various diverticula emerge and spread in all three planes throughout the body. At the anterior end of the stomach is the proventriculus. The posterior end of the stomach is connected to the intestine through which wastes pass to the rectal sac." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; Fig. 9-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Ventriculus" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000173 name: adult anterior median diverticulum def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum and proceed anteriorly into the median region of the bodytowards the capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000175 ! adult midgut anterior diverticula [Term] id: TADS:0000174 name: adult anterior lateral diverticulum def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from antero-median diverticula anterolaterally into the lateral regions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000175 ! adult midgut anterior diverticula [Term] id: TADS:0000175 name: adult midgut anterior diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) anteriorly and subdivide into the anterior median and theanterior lateral diverticula." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000176 name: adult midgut lateral diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the lateral regions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000177 name: adult midgut postero-lateral diverticulum def: "Paired diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the postero-lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000178 name: adult midgut postero-median diverticula def: "Paired diverticula that emerge from the postero-median region of the stomach (ventriculus) and extend into the mid-posteriorregions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000179 name: adult proventriculus def: "Valve located at the junction of the esophagus and the antero-ventral region of the stomach portion of the midgut. The proventriculus is surrounded by several layers of smooth muscle fibers. The proventriculus opens when the pharynx contracts, allowing ingested blood to enter the midgut, but closes when the pharynx dilates. The latter is believed to prevent regurgitation of blood from the midgut back into the host. However, this remains a controversial issue since some authors (e.g., Burgdorfer et al. 1989) have argued that regurgitation can occur while others (Riberio et al. 1987) consider it unlikely. Connat (1991, Parasitol. Res. 77: 452 -454) showed compelling evidence of regurgitation using tritiated ecdysteroids). Thus, it appears that there is good evidence that it can occur in argasid ticks. Whether it can also occur in ixodid ticks is uncertain." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000180 name: adult midgut epithelial lining def: "Layer of epithelial cells comprising multiple cell types that carry out the secretory, absorptive and digestive functions of the midgut." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-4; Fig. 9-5; Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-9; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-16; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-21; Fig. 9-24; Fig. 9-26; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000181 name: adult midgut smooth muscle layer def: "The outer layer of the midgut comprising a single layer of elongated smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of this organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000182 name: adult midgut DGC I cell def: "Early stage digestive cell concerned with hemoglobin digestion. DGC I cells enlarge greatly during the early growth phase offeeding prior to mating. They fill with numerous inclusion bodies (phagolysosomes) containing hemoglobin in varying phases ofdigestion, but little hematin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "De cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000183 name: adult Midgut DGC II cell def: "Midgut digestive cell in advanced stage of hemoglobin digestion. DGC II cells enlarge greatly and fill with masses of blackhematin residues which accumulate near the distal, luminal sides of the cells. Eventually, these cells rupture and their remnantsfloat freely in the midgut lumen." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-15; 9-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Dm cells " [] related_synonym: "SDS cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000184 name: adult midgut secretory cell def: "Differential epithelial cell that enlarge greatly during feeding and become flask shaped in appearance and fill with largenumbes of granule-filled vesicles. Secretion is accomplished by expulsion of the secretory granules (exocytosis). Coons et al (1986)dispute the existence of secretory cells and claim that they are merely different phases of digestive cell activity." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-15; 9-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "S1e cells" [] related_synonym: "S1m cells" [] related_synonym: "S2e cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000185 name: adult midgut lumen def: "The internal cavity within the midgut where ingested blood is contained and wastes from blood meal digestion accumulate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-22; Fig. 9-23; Fig. 9-24;Fig. 9-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000186 name: adult foregut def: "Region of the alimentary system comprising the preoral canal (hypostomal groove or gutter), mouth, pharynx, esophagus andproventriculus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-9; Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12;Fig. 7-13; Fig. 7-14; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 7-16; Fig. 7-17; Fig. 7-18; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-8; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000187 name: adult nervours/neuroendocrine system def: "This system consists of the synganglion, the peripheral nerves and the neuroendocrine systems consisting of 1) clusters ofneurosecretory cells located in specialized neurosecretory centers in the synganglion proper and 2) neurohaemal organs or tissuesadjacent to the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000188 name: adult synganglion def: "The synganglion constitutes the entire central nervous of the tick. There is no separate brain or ventral nerve chord. The synganglion is located in the midventral region of the body immediately posterior to the genital pore in adults or the location where the genital pore will form in immature specimens. The synganglion is a small white organ approximately 0.5 mm wide by 0.4 - .05 mm long. The esophagus penetrates through the synganglion, entering more or less from the anterior ventral side and emerging near theposterior dorsal side of the organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "BRAIN" [] is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000189 name: adult synganglion supraessophageal region def: "Region of the synganglion lying anterior and dorsal to the esophagus. It is the smaller of the two major regions of the synganglion. It contains protocerebrumm cheliceral, palpal, optic ganglia and the stomadeal pons. An unpaired pharyngeal nerve andthe recurrent nerve also originate here and innervate the pharynx and the esophagus, respectively. The recurrent nerve runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000190 name: adult synganglion subesophageal region def: "Region of the synganglion located ventral and posterior to the esophagus, hence the name. It is the largest part of the synganglion. It contains the 4 pairs of pedal ganglia, the olfactory ganglia and the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Hyperesophageal ganglion" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000191 name: adult periganglionic sheath def: "Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that form the outer wall of the periganglionic sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000149 ! adult periganglionic sinus [Term] id: TADS:0000192 name: adult synganglion neurilemma def: "The neurilemma forms the outermost part of the synganglion. It consists of a layer of fibrous material organized in repititivelayers of fine lamellae and finely granular material in a sheath 2 - 5 microns thick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-10;Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000193 name: adult synganglion perineurium. def: "This structure lies immediately below the perineurium. It consists of a complex multiple layer of gmostly lial cells and their processes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-10; Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000194 name: adult synganglion cortical zone def: "Outer region of the synganglion containing the neuron cell bodies and the various neurosecretory centers." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; Fig. 14-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Cortex" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000195 name: adult synganglion neuropile def: "Innermost region of the synganglion containing the fiber tracts made up of numerous axons and dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-6; Fig. 14-13; Fig. 14-14; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000196 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type I def: "Type I neurons have perikarya that usually range in size from 6 - 9 microns (rarely, 27 - 35 microns). They have a pyriform shape narrowing at end one to funicle from which the axon and the dendrite diverge. They have a low cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio. Type I neurons are believed to function as motor neurons or motor-association neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000197 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type II def: "Type II neurons are neurosecretory (NS) cells, 25 - 40 microns in size and filled with masses of neurosecretory vesicles. They have much larger cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio than the type I cells. Type II cells are located in neurosecretory centers." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "neurosecretory cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000198 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type III def: "Type III neurons are small (6 microns) cells that represent a unique cell type limited tothe paired globuli on the ventralsurface of the synganglion anterior to the first pair of pedal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000199 name: adult synganglion protocerebrum def: "A large area of loosely organized neuropile that also contain glomeruli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000200 name: adult synganglion glomeruli def: "Small areas of high density neuropile located within the protocerebrum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000199 ! adult synganglion protocerebrum [Term] id: TADS:0000201 name: adult synganglion commissure def: "Transversely directed fiber tracts connecting bilaterally opposed glomeruli or ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region relationship: part_of TADS:0000199 ! adult synganglion protocerebrum [Term] id: TADS:0000202 name: adult synganglion connective def: "Longitudinally-directed fiber tracts connecting glomeruli or ganglia arranged in the antero-posterior axis with glomeruli or glomerular knots throughout the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000203 name: adult synganglion cheliceral ganglia def: "Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the cheliceral nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophageal region." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000204 name: adult synganglion palpal ganglia def: "Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the palpal nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophagealregion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000205 name: adult subostial space def: "The space located immediately below the ostium of the spiracle and connected to the atrial chamber." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000206 name: adult synganglion stomadeal pons def: "Site of origin of the unpaired pharyngeal nerve (=esophageal nerve) and the recurrent nerve (=stomatogastric nerve) to thehypoesophageal ganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Stomadeal bridge" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000207 name: adult synganglion hyperesophageal ganglion def: "Located adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). Receives the recurrent nerve from the stomadeal pons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000208 name: adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex def: "The ROC is situated in the periganglionic sinus adjacent to the protocerebral neuropilar ganglion. In view of its location, theROC is believed to function as a neurohemal organ. Some authors believe that the ROC is not of neural origin (Severino et al. 1984)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000209 name: adult synganglion ROC unpaired lobe def: "The unpaired lobe is located in the dorsal median part of the organ complex." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex [Term] id: TADS:0000210 name: adult synganglion ROC paired lobe def: "The pair of lobes located on the ventral side of the ROC." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex [Term] id: TADS:0000211 name: adult synganglion anterodoral glomerulus def: "Center where axons from sensory neurons converge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000212 name: adult synganglion posterodorsal glomerulus def: "Site where axons from certain sensory neurons converge. Dendrites extend from the glomeruli to other locations." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000213 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion I def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk I emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000214 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion II def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk II emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000215 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion III def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IIII emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000216 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion IV def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IV emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000217 name: adult synganglion olfactory lobe def: "Lobes containing the olfactory neuron cell bodies (=olfactory ganglia). Located medially to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "olfactory ganglia" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000218 name: adult synganglion olfactory glomeruli def: "Centers where axons from neurons associated with the olfactory lobes converge. Located internally and medial to the olfactory lobes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000219 name: adult synganglion ventral glomeruli def: "Center where axons from the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglion converge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000220 name: adult synganglion opisthosomal ganglion def: "Fused ganglion containing the neuron cell bodies from which the paired opisthosomal and paraspiracular nerves originate. Located posterior and medial to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000221 name: adult peripheral nervous system def: "System comprising the nerves that innervate the various body, capitulum and leg structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-18; Fig. 14-19; Fig. 14-20; Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000222 name: adult peripheral nerves def: "The peripheral nerves are comprised almost exclusively of axons surrounded by glial cells and enclosed in an amorphous neurilemma. The neurilemma fuses with the glial cells to form a sheath around the individual axons or groups of axons termed the mesaxon. Mesaxons are a characteristic feature of tick peripheral nerves. Mesaxons do not occur in insects." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-18; Fig. 14-19; Fig. 14-20; Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000221 ! adult peripheral nervous system [Term] id: TADS:0000223 name: adult peripheral nerve mesaxon def: "A sheath that surrounds the individual axon or group of axons in a peripheral nerve. The mesaxon is formed by the fusion of the neurilemma withthe glial cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-22; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000224 name: adult glial cell def: "Non-neuronal cells that provide support and nourish the neurons and possibly help maintain homeostasis." [Wikipedia:www.wikipedia.org "www.wikipedia.org"] comment: Fig. 14-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion relationship: part_of TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000225 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk I def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion I. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg I. Minor branchestermed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000226 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk II def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion II. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg Ii. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000227 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk III def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion Iii. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000228 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk IV def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion IV. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000229 name: adult cheliceral nerve def: "Nerve that emerges from the cheliceral ganglion and innervates the cheliceral muscles and chelicerae. Contains motor axons fromthe synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000230 name: adult palpal nerve def: "Nerve that emerges from the palpal ganglion and innervates the palps, including the sensory field at the tip of palpal articleIV. Contains motor axons from the synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000231 name: adult pharyngeal nerve def: "Nerve that extends from the stomadeal pons to the pharynx and esophagus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Esophageal nerve." [] is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000232 name: adult optic nerve def: "A pair of nerves that emerge from the optic ganglia and innervate the eyes. Contains axons from the sensory neurons in the eyes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000233 name: adult sensory neuron def: "A neuronal cell type concerned with sensory perception." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-1; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Receptor neuron" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000234 name: adult tracheal trunk def: "Large cuticle lined tubes that extend from the atrial chambers and then subdivide into numerous individual tracheae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000235 name: adult opisthosomal nerve def: "A pair of nerves that extend from the opisthosomal ganglia on the ventral surface of the synganglion to various organs and tissues in the posterior region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000236 name: adult neuroendocrine system def: "Collection of neurohaemal organs adjacent to the synganglion and neurosecretory centers in the synganglion. The neuroendocrinesystem is responsible for secretion of bioactive molecules that regulate physiological processes in the tick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000237 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) def: "The retrocerebral oran complex is a major neurohaemal organ located in a neurohaemal sinus that connects with the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. The ROC is located immediately above the posterior dorsal region of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. The ROC consists of an unpaired dorsal lobe and paired ventral lobes. Regarded as an important neurohaemal organ but its precise role remains uncertain." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000245 ! adult neurohaemal organ is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ [Term] id: TADS:0000238 name: adult hemocyte def: "Cells found in the hemolymph. Four cell types have been recognized in ticks, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and two types ofgranulocytes, type I and type II and spherulocytes. In some literature, a type known as the oenocytoid is also described but itsstatus is somewhat controversial." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-2; Fig. 11-3; Fig. 11-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000272 ! adult hemocoel [Term] id: TADS:0000239 name: adult prohemocyte def: "Prohemocytes are the stem cells from which all other hemocytes develop. They are small, round or oval cells with very little cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Prohemocytes constitute a very small proportion of the hemocyte population." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000240 name: adult plasmatocyte def: "Plasmatocytes are relatively small oval, suboval or fusiform cells but without granules. The plasma membrane shows blunt or filamentous projections. They often show prominent inclusion bodies and vacuoles indicative of substances that have been ingested. Plasmatocytes are believed to function as phagocytes and play a major role in phagocytosis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-4; Fig. 11-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000241 name: adult granulocyte type I def: "Type I granulocytes are hemocytes with numerous diverse inclusion bodies of varying density, some that are very electron denseand believed rich in lipids, others that are electron lucent and contain a matrix of fibrillar material." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000242 name: adult granulocyte type II def: "Type II granulocytes are hemocytes that are easily recognized by the presence of a single type of electron dense, homogenous granules. In addition to their role in phagocytosis, these cells also serve to encapsulate foreign material too large to be ingested. They are believed to be the primary cell that degranulates and forms around bacterial cell clusters or inanimate objects. Proteases have been found localized in the granules of granulocytes in Ornithodoros moubata (Inoue et al. 2001). Whereas gram positive bacteria may be destroyed by defensins secreted from granulocytes (Johns et al. 2000), gram negative bacteria are immobilized in clusters by secretion of lectin-like Dorin-M (Kovar et al. 2000) and surrounded by hemocytes, a non-melanotic encapsulation process known as nodulation (Ceraul et al. 2002)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000243 name: adult spherulocyte def: "Small round or ovoid cells contain few, large granules filled with a matrix of fibrillar material. They are similar to type I granulocytes, but are not fusiform and do not show filamentous filopod extensions from the plasma membrane." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000244 name: adult Oenocytoid def: "Cell type of uncertain status. The literature concerning the occurrence of this type of cell in ticks is unclear. Oenocytoids were reported to occur in Rhipicephalus (=Boophilus) microplus (Silva et al. 2006. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 15:128 - 131). Oenocytoids are an important cell type in the hemolymph of insects and are associated with melanotic encapsulation." [ISSN:1516-635X.] is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000245 name: adult neurohaemal organ def: "Neuroendocrine organs located in the hemolymph adjacent to the synganglia. Two types occur, the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) and the lateral segmental organs (LSO)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-14; Fig. 14-15; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000246 name: adult neurosecretory center def: "Neurosecretory centers are clusters of two or neurosecretory cell types, cells that fill with neurosecretory granules thatmigrate along the axons of these neurons to the target cells, tissues or organs. Neurosecretory centers are identified byparaldehyde-fuchsin staining. A total of 18 neurosecretory centers have been found in the synganglion, of which 2 are unpaired." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000247 name: adult lateral segmental organs def: "Small cell clusters located in the lateral nerve plexus on the lateral sides of the synganglion. The cells of the LSO exhibitultrastructural characteristics consistent with steroid hormone secreting tissues. The LSO may be associated with hormonal functions. Previously thought to be site for ecdysteroid biosynthesis and secretion, that is now known to be carried out in the epidermisfollowing stimulation by the synganglion (Lomas et al. 1997)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "LSO" [] is_a: TADS:0000245 ! adult neurohaemal organ is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000260 ! adult lateral nerve plexus [Term] id: TADS:0000248 name: adult neurosecretory tract def: "Fiber tracts in the neuropile of the synaganglion that connect the various neurosecretory centers and the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000249 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex vascular sheath def: "This is the sheath that surrounds the retrocerebral organ complex. It is formed by the fusion of extensions from the neurilemmaand the perineurium. Extensions of this sheath from a neurohaemal sinus that opens into the periganglionic sinus, facilitating the passage of secretions from the ROC into the hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000250 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex neurohaemal sinus def: "This is the sinus (cavity) formed by the extensions of the vascular sheath surrounding the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). The neurohaemal sinus opens into the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000249 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex vascular sheath [Term] id: TADS:0000251 name: adult neurosecretory center 1 def: "A unpaired neurosecretory center located in the supraesophageal region of the syngangion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000252 name: adult neurosecretory center 2 def: "A pair of neurosecetory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These paired centers occur just posterior to neurosecretory center number 1." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000253 name: adult neurosecretory center 3 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the protocerebrum lateral to neurosecretory cente rnumber 2." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000254 name: adult neurosecretory center 4 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the postero-lateral part of the protocerebrum posterior to neurosecretory center number 3." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000255 name: adult neurosecretory center 5 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region. These centers are located just anterior to the cheliceral ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000256 name: adult neurosecretory center 6 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near thecheliceral ganglia adjacent (lateral) to neurosecretory centers number 5." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000257 name: adult neurosecretory center 7 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along thelateral edge of the region near the ventro-lateral edge of the protocerebrum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000258 name: adult neurosecretory center 8 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the stomadeal pons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-.19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000259 name: adult neurosecretory center 9 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near the anterior edge of this region just above the esophageal nerve." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000260 name: adult lateral nerve plexus def: "This plexus occurs along the lateral edge of the synganglion and is formed from branches of the pedal nerve trunks. The lateralsegmental organs (LSO) lie embedded in this plexus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000225 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk I relationship: part_of TADS:0000226 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk II relationship: part_of TADS:0000227 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk III relationship: part_of TADS:0000228 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk IV [Term] id: TADS:0000261 name: adult neurosecretory center 10 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000262 name: adult neurosecretory center 11 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the ventrolateral margin of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia I and II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000263 name: adult neurosecretory center 12 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000264 name: adult neurosecretory center 13 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II and III." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000265 name: adult neurosecretory center 14 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion III." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000266 name: adult neurosecretory center 15 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion IV." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000267 name: adult neurosecretory center 16 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the postero-ventral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the opisthosomal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000268 name: adult neurosecretory center 17 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the postero-median region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the paired opithosomal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000269 name: adult neurosecretory center 18 def: "A large, unpaired neurosecretory center located in the median ventral part of the subesophageal region of the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000270 name: adult accessroy nerve ROC def: "One of the peripheral nerves from the synganglion to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000271 name: adult compound nerve ROC def: "A nerve from the synganglion to the center of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000272 name: adult hemocoel def: "The fluid filled interior of the body, capitulum and legs not occupied by organs or tissues. The hemocoel is filled with hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000273 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex dorsal lobe def: "The upper lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000274 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex ventral lobe def: "The paired ventral regions of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000275 name: adult hypogastric nerve def: "A pair of nerves that innervates the dorsal lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000276 name: adult priN-ROC def: "The principal nerve innervating the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig, 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000277 name: adult anterior cerebral anastomosis trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000278 name: adult coxa def: "The leg segment where the leg is attached to the body. Powerful coxal muscles from the body wall move the coxa and, as aresult, the entire leg in an antero-posterior direction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000279 name: adult trochanter def: "The segment of the leg that is attached to the coxa on the proximal side and the femur on the distal side. The trochanter canbe flexed or extended by internal muscles from the coxa to the trochanter. Soft articulatory cuticle occurs between the two joints." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000280 name: adult femur def: "The segment of the leg that articulates with the trochanter on the proximal side and the tibia on the distal side. Internal leg muscles from the trochanter enable the joint to flex and extend. In some species, the femur may appear to be divided into a basifemur and a telofemur but this is superficial since it is not reflected in the internal musculature." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000281 name: adult tibia def: "The segment of the leg that articulates between the femur on the proximal side and the metatarsus on the distal side. Internal muscles from the femur enable the segment to flex and extend so that the leg can be flexed against the body for protection or extendedfor walking." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000282 name: adult patella def: "Region of the leg between the femur and the tibia. Capable of flexion and extension." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000283 name: adult tarsus def: "Terminal segment of the leg that bears the claws, pulvillus (when present) and the Haller's organ. Some authors subdivide the tarsus into a posterior metatarsus and the anterior tarsus, but this is a superficial separation since there is no joint or muscle distinction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000284 name: adult apotele def: "The apotele comprises the claws and the pulvillus on a hinged joint at the tip of the tarsus. The entire structure is capableof movement, flexing and extending in the same plane (1 degree of freedom)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000285 name: adult claw def: "Curved claws at the end of the apotele." [ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 "0-19-5505910-7"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000284 ! adult apotele [Term] id: TADS:0000286 name: adult pulvillus def: "Pad located at the end of the apotele under the claws. Used for climbing. Absent in argasid adults and nymphs." [ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 "0-19-5505910-7"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000284 ! adult apotele [Term] id: TADS:0000287 name: adult Haller's organ def: "Sensory structure located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus. Contains structures used for odor detection and other sensory functions." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; Fig. 15-14; Fig. 15-15; Fig. 15-17; Fig. 15-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000288 name: adult Haller's organ posterior capsule def: "A cavity on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I that contains a number of single-walled multiporose olfactosensilla and other apparently non-sensory setae. The sensilla are innervated by as many as 29 sensory neurons. In most ixodid ticks, the roof ofthe capsule has a thin, narrow slit. In a species of the genus Ixodes, the opening is large and circular. In some argasid ticks, the roof of the capsule is perforated with a reticulated lattice instead of a simple roof." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-21; with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology; Fig. 4-22; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000289 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit def: "A depression on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I located distal to the posterior capsule. The anterior pit is usuallysurrounded by a prominent ridge. In most ixodid ticks, the anterior pit contains 6 or 7 setiform sensilla, including one or moremultiporose sensilla serving as olfactosensilla, tip pore that serve as gustatory sensilla and still others that are grooved fine andno-pore sensilla that are probably mechanosensilla. At least one of the tip pore setae is a multifunctional sensilla. In Rhipicephalus (= Boophilus) microplus, 3 of the anterior pit sensilla are grooved double-walled porous sensilla with the pores in the grooves while other lackpores. In argasid ticks, the anterior pit typically contains 9 sensilla, although the number is variable among the species. Several multiporose olfactosensilla are recognized, along with grooved sensilla and no-pore mechanosensory setae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; Fig. 15-14; Fig. 15-15; Fig. 15-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000290 name: adult Haller's organ precapsular seta def: "Two or more multiporose setiform sensilla located on the dorsal surface of Tarsus I immediately distal to the anterior pitportion of Haller's organ. Although not technically a part of either the anterior pit or the posterior capsule, these odorant sensilla function in the same role as the odorant sensilla in the body of Haller's organ and, consequently, are considered as functionally part of the organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000291 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD-1 sensillum def: "A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. This multiporose sensillum has up to 15dendrites. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillum is innervated by 5 neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-6; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "AP1 multiporose sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000289 ! adult Haller's organ anterior pit [Term] id: TADS:0000292 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD2 sensillum def: "A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillumis innervated by 9 neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "AP2 multiporose sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000289 ! adult Haller's organ anterior pit [Term] id: TADS:0000293 name: adult Haller's organ postcapsular seta def: "A group of 4 setae (typically) located immediately posterior (proximal) to the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Function unknown. Although not specifically part of the organ, they are sufficiently close as to form a part of the anatomy of Haller's organ and may contribute to its function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000294 name: adult Haller's organ capsular seta def: "Setae located in the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Typically, 4 of the setae are single-walled multiporose sensilla and are innervated by one or more dendrites. As many as 8 other sensilla are simple setiform structures known as pleomorphs that are not innervated." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-23; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pleomorphs: not sensory components of the capsule. Not to be confused with sensory setae." [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000288 ! adult Haller's organ posterior capsule [Term] id: TADS:0000295 name: adult Haller's organ gland def: "A small internal gland composed of up to 4 cells located immediately below the Haller's organ within tarsus I." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000296 name: adult peripheral sensillum def: "A tissue comprised of one or more sensory neurons and sheatrh cells (thecogen cells) which secrete an amorphous sheath, the scolopale, that surrounds and insulates the neuron cell bodies and their dendrites. Sheath cells are reported to occur in arachnids (Tichy and Barth 1992: Microsc.Res. Tech. 22: 372-391). Thecogen cells have also been confirmed in the tick Amblyomma variegatum by Steullet (1993, Perception of vertebrate volatiles in the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum; dissertation at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland)." [Google:Steullet 1993 "Steullet 1993"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000221 ! adult peripheral nervous system [Term] id: TADS:0000297 name: adult thecogen cell def: "A cell found in the peripheral sensilla that surrounds the neuron cell bodies and the proximal parts of their dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Sheath cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell [Term] id: TADS:0000298 name: adult peripheral sensilla scolopale def: "An amorphous sheath secreted by the thecogen cells that surrounds the sensory neurons and the proximal parts of their dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000299 name: adult peripheral sensilla trichogen cell def: "A type of cell found in the sensillum that surround the sensory neuron dendrites and nourishes them; presumably functioning inion transport." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000300 name: adult peripheral sensilla tormogen cell def: "Cells that contribute to the formation of the sensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Auxilliary cells " [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000301 name: adult seta def: "A hair like process that extends from the cuticle to the exterior. The seta is the most common type of sensillum. The seta isinserted into a socket, a depression in the cuticle surrounded by a slight ridge. The interior of the seta is hollow and connected directly to a duct that extends through the cuticle to the epidermis. Several neurons embedded in the epidermis innervate the setiform sensillum, sending dendrites into the shaft of the seta. Axons from the neuron cell bodies extend into the interior of the body and communicate via nerves to the synganglion. Most setae are simple, without pores and serve as mechanosensilla and are innervated by mechanosensory neurons. Specialized setae have either single pores at the tip (gustatory sensilla), pores all over the sensilla (olfactosensilla) or pores in ridges along the side walls or with grooves that lack pores. These latter sensilla are believed to function as hygrosensilla or thermosensilla or both." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000302 name: adult setal socket def: "The enlarged, rounded or oval cavity on the dorsal surface of the cuticle in which the seta is embedded. The socket is evident externally as a ring of slightly thickened, elevated cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000303 name: adult distal tarsal slit sense organ def: "Slit-like structures that occur on the dorsal surfaces of the second, third and fourth leg tarsi in Amblyomma variegatum. Theyare believed to be mechanosensilla specifically dedicated to detecting airborne or substrate vibrations." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000283 ! adult tarsus [Term] id: TADS:0000304 name: adult eye lens def: "The layer of clear, transparent cuticle that covers the eye." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000061 ! adult eye Ixodidae [Term] id: TADS:0000305 name: adult synganglion optic ganglion def: "A region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion that contains neurons that communicate with the eyes via the optic nerves. Axons from the eyes communicate with association neurons in the optic lobes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000306 name: adult anterior dorsal trunk def: "Anterior tracheal trunk in the anterior dorsal body region." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000307 name: adult anterior lateral trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000308 name: adult anterior median trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000309 name: adult median trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the median region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000310 name: adult median dorsal trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the median dorsal region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000311 name: adult posterior dorsal trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the posterior dorsal region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000312 name: adult posterior cerebral anastomosis def: "Tracheal trunks leading to the dorsal anterior region of the body immediately posterior to the capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000313 name: adult posterior median trunk def: "Tracheal trunk that extends to the posterior median region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000314 name: adult pedal trunk def: "Tracheal trunk that extends to the legs and subdivides into the indidividual tracheae that supply the legs." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000315 name: adult trachea def: "The respiratory tube that supplies air to the organs and tissues and removes CO2." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-7; Fig. 12-8; Fig. 12-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000316 name: adult tracheal taenidium def: "The cuticular lining of the trachea that is folded into distinctive spiral coil which gives the trachea its distinctive character when viewed with the scanning or transmission electron microscope." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-7; Fig. 12-8; Fig. 12-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000315 ! adult trachea [Term] id: TADS:0000317 name: adult tracheal epithelium def: "The single layer of epithelial cells that secretes and maintains the tracheae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000315 ! adult trachea [Term] id: TADS:0000318 name: adult cheliceral trachea def: "A pair tracheae that are derived from the anterior lateral trunks and extend to the chelicerae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000307 ! adult anterior lateral trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000319 name: adult gnathosomal tracheae def: "A pair of tracheae derived from the anterior lateral trunk and which extend anteriorly into the basis capituli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000307 ! adult anterior lateral trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000320 name: adult posterior lateral trachea def: "A pair of trachea derived from the posterior median trunk that anastomoses into tiny tracheae throughout the posterior region ofthe body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000311 ! adult posterior dorsal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000321 name: adult fat body def: "The fat body consists of highly dispersed strands of cells clinging to the atrial chamber, tracheal trunks and trachea and, to a limited extent, other internal organs. The fat body is the site of synthesis for vitellogenin, the yolk protein, of conversion o fecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone (the molting hormone and other hormonal functions) and probably other functions. It is also believedto be site for the production of antimicrobial proteins, e.g., defensin. The fat body subdivided into central region, surrounding thealimentary canal and a peripheral region, along the tracheal trunks and tracheae. The fat body consists of two types of cells,trophocytes and nephrocytes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 13-1; Fig. 13-2; Fig. 13-3; Fig. 13-4; Fig. 13-5; Fig. 13-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000322 name: adult fat body trophocyte def: "The primary cell type that makes up most of the fat body. Located in groups (chords) of cells attached to the exterior of thetracheal trunks and tracheae throughout the body, capitulum and legs. The trophocytes are considered as the cells responsible forsynthesis and secretion of vitellogenin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 13-2; Fig. 13-3; Fig. 13-4; Fig. 13-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000321 ! adult fat body [Term] id: TADS:0000323 name: adult fat body nephrocyte def: "One of the two types of the cells that make up the fat body. Nephrocytes are oval or subcircular cells, often free floating orattached adjacent to the epithelial-like trophocytes. Their precise function is unknown." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 13-2; Fig. 13-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000321 ! adult fat body [Term] id: TADS:0000324 name: adult muscular system def: "The system of striated, voluntary muscles that control the movements of the various parts of the body, capitulum and legs." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 6-4; Fig. 6-5; Fig. 6-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000325 name: adult dorso-ventral muscle def: "Bands of muscles that extend between the inner surfaces of the ventral and dorsal body cuticle that compress the body and create hydrostatic pressure. In argasidticks, the attachment sites are marked by external discs visible on the outer surface of the cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000326 name: adult abductors coxa I def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg I away the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000327 name: adult adductors Coxa I def: "Bands of muscle that rotate the coxa towards the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000328 name: adult abductors Coxa II def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II away the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000329 name: adult abductors Coxa III def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III away the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000330 name: adult abductors Coxa IV def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV away the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000331 name: adult adductors Coxa II def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II toward the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000332 name: adult adductors Coxa III def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III toward the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000333 name: adult adductors Coxa IV def: "Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV toward the midline of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000334 name: adult dorso-genital muscle def: "Muscles that control the movements of the cuticle around the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000335 name: adult captiular depressor def: "Muscles that draw (flex) the capitulum (gnathosoma) towards the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Flexors of the gnathosoma" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000336 name: adult capitular levator def: "Muscles that extend the capitulum away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "capitular extensor muscles " [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000337 name: adult intercoxal muscle def: "Muscle bands that occur between the coxae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000338 name: adult coxal fold muscle def: "In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the coxal fold." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000339 name: adult coxal gland muscle def: "In argasid ticks, muscles that extend from the body wall to the coxal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000340 name: adult marginal fold muscle def: "Muscles that insert on the marginal fold." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000341 name: adult preanal muscles def: "In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the pre-anal groove." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000342 name: adult cheliceral retractor muscle def: "Muscles that extend from the dorsal body wall (scutum in ixodid ticks) to the bases of the chelicerae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000343 name: adult spiracular muscle def: "Small muscle that draws the macula against the ostium, closing the spiracular pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Atrial muscles" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000344 name: adult spiracular columella def: "A portion of the macula, forming its upper lip." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000101 ! adult macula [Term] id: TADS:0000345 name: adult anal valve def: "A pair of flap-like structures that allow the opening or closing of the anal aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000066 ! adult anus [Term] id: TADS:0000346 name: adult macula wedge def: "The portion of the macula that impinges against the spiracular plate, thereby closing the ostium (spiracular pore)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000101 ! adult macula [Term] id: TADS:0000347 name: adult tracheole def: "The minute submicroscopic tubes that penetrate directly into the cells and tissues. Tracheoles are the final terminal endings of the tracheae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000315 ! adult trachea [Term] id: TADS:0000348 name: adult columella def: "The columella is the portion of the macula adjacent to its junction with the ostium." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000349 name: adult columella stalk def: "The thin section of cuticle that connects the columella to the underside of the cuticular layer that supports the pedicels. The columella extends from the upper lip of the macula to the underside of the pedicels." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000348 ! adult columella [Term] id: TADS:0000350 name: adult atrial valve def: "In argasid ticks, the valve-like constriction between the atrial chamber and the subostial space of the spiracle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000044 ! adult atrial chamber [Term] id: TADS:0000351 name: adult vestibulum def: "In argasid ticks, a enclosed area near the pedicels and connected to the subostial space. The roof of the vestibulum isflexible and can be everted or inverted, thereby controlling gaseous pressure into the tracheal trunks. In Exp. Appl. Acarology:14:151-163." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000205 ! adult subostial space [Term] id: TADS:0000352 name: adult female reproductive system def: "This system consists of the ovary, the oviducts, the uterus, the cervical vagina, the seminal receptacle, the vestibular vagina,accessory glands and the genital pore. In addition, Gene's organ, located separately in the dorsal body cavity, serve as the eggwaxing organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000353 name: adult Gene's organ def: "An organ located in the dorsal anterior region of the body with paired horns that can be extruded through the capitular foramen in the camerostomal fold. Gene's organ is responsible for coating the eggs with a waxy secretion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-22; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000354 name: adult capitular foramen def: "The opening at the anterior end of the body through which the finger-like projections of the Gene's organ extend." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Camerostomal aperture (Argasidae)" [] related_synonym: "Camerostomal cavity (Argasid ticks)" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000355 name: adult camerostomal fold def: "The raised margins of the camerostome. It is comprised of folded cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000093 ! adult camerostome [Term] id: TADS:0000356 name: adult Gene's organ retractor muscle def: "Muscles from the dorsal interior of the body that insert on the horns of the Gene's organ. These muscles withdraw the horns ofthe organ back into the body when not in use." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; Fig. 16-22; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000357 name: adult trochanteral flexor muscle def: "In each leg the muscle that extends from the coxa which bends the trochanter and folds it against the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000358 name: adult trochanteral extensor muscle def: "In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the coxa to the trochanter and extends it away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-4; Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000359 name: adult femoral flexor muscle def: "In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the trochanter to the femur and bends it towards the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000360 name: adult femoral extensor muscle def: "In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the trochanter into the femur and extends it away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000361 name: adult patellar flexor muscle def: "In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur to the patella and bends it towards the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000362 name: adult patellar extensor muscle def: "In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur into the patella and extends it away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000363 name: adult tibial flexor muscle def: "In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and bends it towards the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000364 name: adult tibial extensor muscle def: "In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and extends it away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000365 name: adult tarsal flexor muscle def: "In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and bends it towards the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000366 name: adult tarsal extensor muscle def: "In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and extends it away from the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000367 name: adult pretarsal flexor muscle def: "In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus and inserts on the pretarsus, bending it towards the tarsus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000368 name: adult pretarsal extensor muscle def: "In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus, inserts on the pretarsus and moves it away from the leg (extendsit outwards)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000369 name: adult Gene's organ cuticular sac def: "The posterior cuticlelined sac that surrounds the internal body of Gene's organ. The cuticular-lined sac encloses the corpus and the horns of the organ (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 3; Fig. 4; Fig. 8; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. related_synonym: "Inner cuticular sac" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000370 name: adult Gene's organ corpus def: "The corpus is the large sac at the posterior end of the gland that fills with fluid. It is supplied with ducts from the adjacent glands. Evidently, this is the main repository of waxy secretions that are poured onto the eggs." [ISSN:00168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 2; Fig. 6; Fig. 9; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. related_synonym: "Stalk of Gene's organ" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000371 name: adult Gene's organ horm def: "A pair of antero-lateral lobe or finger-like projections that are everted during egg waxing. These blind-ending horns are everted by hydrostatic pressure of the hemolymph. In Prostriate ticks, 4 horns are present." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 2; Fig. 9; Fig. 17; Fig. 18; Fig. 19; Fig. 20; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000372 name: Gene's organ epithelial sac def: "The outermost part of Gene's organ which secretes the cuticular sac and is continuous with the epidermis of the body and capitulum. It also forms the corpus and blind-ending horns." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 4; Fig. 8; Fig. 11; Fig. 22; Fig. 23; in Exp. Appl. Acarol.25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000373 name: adult Gene's organ cranial gland def: "Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the corpus (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 2; Fig. 6; Fig. 7; Fig. 9; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000374 name: adult Gene's organ caudal gland def: "Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the horns (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 2; Fig. 9; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000375 name: adult Gene's organ tubular gland def: "Accessory glands associated with the Gene's organ that secrete waxy fluids via main efferent ducts into the organ. Kuhn et al. describe reported lectin activity in the \"invaginations of the Gene's organ\" suggesting that lectins play a role in protecting the eggs against microbial invasions (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 8; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352; Also in Parasitol. Res. 82: 215 -221. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000376 name: adult Gene's organ aperture def: "The opening at the posterior end of the organ. The Gene's organ is open to the hemocoel and hemolymph circulates into the organ, contributing the hydrostatic pressure that everts the gland during egg waxing activity. From Schol et al. (2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 1; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000377 name: adult tubular gland main efferent duct def: "The main duct that carries the secretions of the Gene's organ tubular glands to the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac surrounding the corpus and horns." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 8; Fig. 10; Fig. 11; Fig. 12; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000375 ! adult Gene's organ tubular gland [Term] id: TADS:0000378 name: adult Gene's organ epithelial sac lumen def: "The lumen between the epithelium of the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. This is the lumen into which the secretions of the accessory glands accumulate and presumably migrate into the corpus and horns when the gland is everted to wax the eggs (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 3; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000372 ! Gene's organ epithelial sac [Term] id: TADS:0000379 name: adult circular cribate pit def: "Numerous pits located on the surface of the cuticular sac. Each pit contains a pore joined to tubuli that open into the lumen between the cuticular and epithelial sacs." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 3; Fig. 5; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000369 ! adult Gene's organ cuticular sac [Term] id: TADS:0000380 name: adult cribate pit pore def: "These pores are the openings of the tubuli that permeate the cuticle of the cuticular sac and allow waxy secretions to spread out over its surface when the horns are everted." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 5; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000379 ! adult circular cribate pit [Term] id: TADS:0000381 name: adult cuticular sac tubuli def: "Elongated (247.5 nm) submicroscopic tubes that permeate the walls of the cuticular sac, opening into the cribate pores on theexternal side of the cuticular sac and the lumen between the epithelial and cuticular sacs on the internal side." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 5; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000369 ! adult Gene's organ cuticular sac [Term] id: TADS:0000382 name: adult cuticular sac ledge def: "Folds (mean height 5.9 microns) in the epicuticular surface of the external side of the cuticular sac in the lateral regions ofthe corpus and horns. These ledge-like structures give the horns and the lateral regions of the corpus its folded appearance when theeverted organ is viewed with the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162.] comment: Fig. 5; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000369 ! adult Gene's organ cuticular sac [Term] id: TADS:0000383 name: adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece def: "The blind ending extension of the tubular glands, cranial glands and caudal glands." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 1; Fig. 10; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000373 ! adult Gene's organ cranial gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000374 ! adult Gene's organ caudal gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000375 ! adult Gene's organ tubular gland [Term] id: TADS:0000384 name: adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece central excretory duct def: "The fluid filled duct of the tubular end pieces of each gland that empty into the main efferent ducts (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 11; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000383 ! adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece [Term] id: TADS:0000385 name: adult Gene's organ tubular end piece gland cell def: "The cells that line the tubular end pieces and secrete the amorphous waxy fluid that flows into the ducts and eventually out on to the horns to wax the eggs. Each gland cell secretes into its own individual lumen and is connected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 10; Fig. 11; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000383 ! adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece [Term] id: TADS:0000386 name: adult Gene's organ horn ledge def: "Innumerable tiny delicate cuticular folds that cover the surfaces of the horms of the Gene's organ (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 17; Fig. 18; Fig. 19; Fig. 20; Fig. 21; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000371 ! adult Gene's organ horm [Term] id: TADS:0000387 name: adult Gene's organ exceretory duct lumen def: "The fluid filled cavity within which waxy secretions flows into the main duct of the gland (Schol et al. 2001)." [ISSN:0168-8162] comment: Fig. 9; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000383 ! adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece [Term] id: TADS:0000388 name: adult Gene's organ tubular end piece duct cell def: "Duct cells are cells that connect the secretory glandular cells to the cuticular pores of the cuticular sac (Tissue and Cell 16: 589-599)." [ISSN:0040-8166] comment: Fig. 10; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000383 ! adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece [Term] id: TADS:0000389 name: adult atrial chamber epithelium def: "The epithelial layer that secretes the atrial chamber wall." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000044 ! adult atrial chamber [Term] id: TADS:0000390 name: adult atrial chamber cuticular lining def: "The cuticle that forms the inner wall of the atrial chamber." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000044 ! adult atrial chamber [Term] id: TADS:0000391 name: adult cuticular sac pore def: "Openings (pores) on the epicuticular surface of the cuticular sac. These pores are the openings of the tubuli in the wall of the cuticular sac. The tubuli pass through the cuticular sac and end in pores on the epicuticular surface and open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. The arrangement is similar in both argasid and ixodid ticks." [Med.Vet.Entomol.:15\:422-332 "15:422-432"] comment: Fig. 5; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000369 ! adult Gene's organ cuticular sac [Term] id: TADS:0000392 name: adult foveal neck zone def: "The ductular zone comprised of numerous ducts connecting the secretory lobes of the foveal gland with the foveal pores." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-15; Fig. 19-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000393 name: adult foveal duct cell def: "The cells that form the foveal ducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000087 {inverse_necessary=true} ! adult foveal duct [Term] id: TADS:0000394 name: adult foveal duct ampullae def: "The ampullae are cap-like structures that connect the foveal ducts in the cuticle with the gland ducts below the cuticle. Each ampulla is composed of an electron dense outer zone with flap-like ends that enclose the structure like a cap, and a more lucent innerzone where each duct from the secretory lobes is inserted." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-16; Fig. 19-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000087 ! adult foveal duct [Term] id: TADS:0000395 name: adult foveae dorsales def: "The pair of porose areas located on the dorsal surface of the body in adult ixodid ticks. In females, the paired foveae arelocated in the mid-alloscutal part of the dorsum immediately posterior the scutum. Each fovea contains from 15 - 50 slit-like poresin a circular field surrounded by a narrow circular ridge. The external pores communicate with the foveal ducts the permeate thecuticle below the structure. In males, far fewer slits occur and there is no circular ridge. Foveae dorsales are absent in juvenilestage ticks and in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-3; Fig. 19-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000396 name: adult intestine lining epithelium def: "The single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells that forms the wall of this tube." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000165 ! adult intestine [Term] id: TADS:0000397 name: adult rectal sac epithelial lining def: "The thin layer of squamous or cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the rectal sac." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000166 ! adult rectal sac [Term] id: TADS:0000398 name: adult rectum epithelial layer def: "The thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that secretes the cuticle lining of the rectum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000167 ! adult rectum [Term] id: TADS:0000399 name: adult inner cheliceral digit dorsal spine def: "A spine located on the dorsal surface of the inner cheliceral digit." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000400 name: adult ovary def: "A band or u-shaped crescentic tube stretched horizontally across the posterior region of the body. The ovary is studded withinnumerable oocytes that expand in size during oogenesis, fill with brown yolk (vitellogenin) after mating and eventually migrate outinto the oviducts and vagina to exit the body. The ovary appears as a delicate, white tube in unfed females but becomes veryprominent during feeding, eventually appearing as one of the largest organs in the body. The ovary is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks. In D. andersoni, the ovary is approximately 6 mm long by 64 - 110 microns in diameter. The tick ovary is of thepanoistic type, i.e., it lacks nurse cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-4; Fig. 16-5; Fig. 16-6; Fig. 16-7; Fig. 16-8; Fig. 16-9; Fig. 16-10; Fig. 16-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000401 name: adult ovary interstitial cell def: "Undifferentiated cells that form the epithelial lining and occur between the oogonia or developing oocytes. Comparable to stemcells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Germinal cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000402 name: adult ovary oogonia def: "The earliest developmental stage cells that will become oocytes. Oogonia are committed cells that have not yet begun to fullydevelop into oocytes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000403 name: adult ovary outer wall def: "The outer layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that surrounds the ovary and forms its wall. Lies againstthe epithelial layer." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000404 name: adult ovary tunica propria def: "The tunica propria is the amorphous lamellate sheath comprised of multiple layers of fibrillar material, collectively about 1micron thick. The tunica propria extends (folds) around each of the developing oocytes and forms an outer covering as they enlarge. The tunica propria is believed to be permeable to vitellogenin and other hemolymph proteins." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-24; Fig. 16-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000405 name: adult ovary lumen def: "The tube-like cavity (lumen) of the ovary. Lined by the lumenal epithelium. The ovarian lumen is continuous with the oviducts. Fully developed oocytes pass into the lumen and migrate to the oviducts for eventual passage out of the reproductive system." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-6; Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000406 name: adult ovary lumenal epithelium def: "The layer of epithelial cells, mostly interstitial cells interspersed with oogonia, that forms the inner lining of the ovary." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-6; Fig. 16-7; Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000407 name: adult ovary longitudinal groove def: "An elongated depression on one side of the length of the ovary. Germinal cells in the longitudinal groove are generally less well developed than elsewhere in the ovary; this appears to be a region of slower developmental activity." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000408 name: adult ovary stage I oocyte def: "These are the earliest stage in the development of the oocytes that appears soon after attachment and the commencement offeeding in ixodid ticks or soon after the blood meal in the fast feeding argasid ticks. Stage I oocytes bulge externally on the outersurface of the ovary, appearing larger than the interstitial cells but with little additional cytoplasm. Stage I oocytes areprevitellogenic (i.e., lack yolk)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000409 name: adult ovary stage II oocyte def: "Stage II oocytes are considerably larger than the stage I oocytes and constitute the next stage in their development. They continue to enlarge, with a much greater increase in cytoplasm during the slow feeding phase in ivirgin ixodid ticks or post-feedingbut prior to mating in argasid ticks. Stage II oocytes bulge externally on the outer surface of the ovary, appearing much larger than the interstitial cells or stage I oocytes. Stage II oocytes are also previtellogenic (i.e., lack yolk) cells and remain white in color." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig, 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000410 name: adult ovary stage III oocyte def: "Stage III oocytes constitute the developmental stage of the oocytes when they first begin to acquire yolk. Following mating,high levels of ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) stimulate vitellogenin production in the fat body and, simultaneously, upregulation of the vitellogenin receptors in the oocytes (Thompson et al. 2007; Mitchell et al. 2007). As a result, the enlarging oocytes now begin to acquire yolk granules and begin to turn brown in color (vitellogenin is a lipoglycoheme protein). The stage III oocytes are larger than the stage I or stage II oocytes and are easily distinguished by their brown color." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000411 name: adult ovary stage IV oocyte def: "The greatly enlarged oocyte filled with enormous masses of yolk spheres. Shell formation begins at this stage. A micropyle ispresent in this stage, through which spermatozoa can enter the oocyte for fertilization." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000412 name: adult ovary stage V oocyte def: "The final stage in oocyte development. At this stage, the oocyte passes through the funiculus, the tiny tube attaching it tothe ovary wall, and into the lumen. Many stage V oocytes have already been fertilized and covered with a fully formed shell, i.e., it is now an egg (but not embryonated). This passage of the stage V oocyte into the ovary lumen constitutes ovulation." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Ovum" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000413 name: adult ovary funiculus def: "The funiculus is the narrow tube through which the fully developed stage V oocytes passes into the lumen of the ovary (ovulation)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pedicel" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000400 ! adult ovary [Term] id: TADS:0000414 name: adult ovary funicular cell def: "The cells that form the funiculus. Typically, two or more cells form this structure." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000413 ! adult ovary funiculus [Term] id: TADS:0000415 name: adult oviduct def: "The long coiled tube connecting the ovary with the uterus. In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand near their junction with the uterus, forming a bulbous ampulla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-4; Fig. 16-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000416 name: adult oocyte shell def: "The sclerotized outer covering of the egg." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; Fig. 16-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000412 ! adult ovary stage V oocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000417 name: adult oocyte micropyle def: "The tiny groove-shaped opening at the end of the developing stage IV oocyte through which mature spermatozoa may enter theoocyte for fertilization. The micropyle is adjacent to the funiculus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000412 ! adult ovary stage V oocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000418 name: adult oviduct epithelial lining def: "The lining of the oviduct consists of a thin layer of mostly cuboidal epithelial cells about 25 - 40 microns throughout most ofthe length of this structure. The outer wall consists of a basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smoothmuscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct. In feeding ticks, the epithelial lining expands as a result of celldivisions and becomes several layers thick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000415 ! adult oviduct [Term] id: TADS:0000419 name: adult oviduct outer wall def: "The outer wall of the oviduct surrounds the epithelial layer. The outer wall consists of a thick basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000415 ! adult oviduct [Term] id: TADS:0000420 name: adult oviduct ampulla def: "In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand into large thick bulbous structures near the point where the oviducts merge with theuterus. The walls of the ampullae are considerably thicker than the other regions of the oviduct. The function of the ampullae is unknown. Ampullae have not been reported to occur in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000415 ! adult oviduct [Term] id: TADS:0000421 name: adult uterus def: "The uterus is the region of the female reproductive track between the oviducts and the vagina. The uterus is much moreprominent in argasid ticks. In ixodid ticks, is a short tube between the oviducts and the distally located connecting tube. The lining of the uterus is similar to the oviducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000422 name: adult uterus lining epithelium def: "The lining of the uterus is formed of a thin layer of cuboidal cells similar to that of the oviducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000421 ! adult uterus [Term] id: TADS:0000423 name: adult uterus outer wall def: "The outer wall of the uterus resembles the structure of the outer wall of the oviducts, with a delicate basal lamina, connectivetissue fibers and occasional smooth muscle cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000421 ! adult uterus [Term] id: TADS:0000424 name: adult uterine connecting tube def: "In ixodid ticks, the uterine connecting tube is a short, narrow duct that connects the uterus to the cervical vagina. The innerwall is lined with a thin layer of cuticle, 2 - 3 microns thick. The outer wall is comprised of thin layer of epithelial cellscovered by smooth muscle cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-12; Fig. 16-14; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000425 name: adult uterine connecting tube cuticular lining def: "The thin (2 - 3 microns thick) layer of cuticle that lines this structure." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-14; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000424 ! adult uterine connecting tube [Term] id: TADS:0000426 name: adult uterine connecting tube epithelial layer def: "The thin layer of epithelial cells that forms part of the wall of the connecting tube. The cells are mostly squamous orcuboidal. These cells secrete the cuticular lining." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-12; Fig. 16-13; Fig. 16-14; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000424 ! adult uterine connecting tube [Term] id: TADS:0000427 name: adult uterine connecting tube muscle layer def: "The layer of smooth muscle cells that surround the connecting tube. The muscle layer is approximately three or four cells thick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000424 ! adult uterine connecting tube [Term] id: TADS:0000428 name: adult cervical vagina def: "The cervical vagina is the thick muscular zone of the vagina. The cervical vagina is lined with a thick layer of highly foldedcuticle some 13 - 25 microns thick, a thick complex epithelium of cuboidal and tall columnar cells and, finally, an especially layerof smooth muscle. The cervical vagina opens into the vestibular vagina at its anterior end, the connecting tube at itspostero-ventral end and the seminal receptacle at its posterodorsal end. The cervical vagina serves as the organ responsible forexpelling the eggs from the reproductive tract, i.e., it functions as an ovipositor, during oviposition." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000429 name: adult cervical vagina cuticular lining def: "In ticks, the cervical vagina is lined with a relatively thick zone of highly folded, labyrinthine cuticle about 13 - 25 microns thick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000428 ! adult cervical vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000430 name: adult cervical vagina epithelial layer def: "The epithelium of the cervical vagina is many cells thick, comprising both cuboidal and tall columnar cells that appear to behighly interdigitated with one another." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000428 ! adult cervical vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000431 name: adult cervical vagina muscle layer def: "A thick band comprised of mutiple layers of smooth muscle cells that form the outer layer of the wall of the cervical vagina. The muscle mass here is thicker than in any other part of the female reproductive system, indicating its importance in expelling theeggs during oviposition." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000428 ! adult cervical vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000432 name: adult cerviceal vagina epithelial cuboidal cell def: "Cuboidal cells are one of the two most common types of cells that form the epithelial layer of the cervical vagina. These cellsinterdigitate with the tall columnar cells that are the second most common type." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000430 ! adult cervical vagina epithelial layer [Term] id: TADS:0000433 name: adult cervical vagina epithelial columnar cell def: "The tall columnar cells are one of the most common types of cells that comprise the epithelium of this organ. These cellsinterdigitate with the cuboidal cells, the other most common type. Microvilli appear on the luminal boundaries of the proximal cells,i.e.,the cells adjacent to the cuticular lining. The basal plasma membrane of these cells is highly folded." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000430 ! adult cervical vagina epithelial layer [Term] id: TADS:0000434 name: adult seminal receptacle def: "The large, folded sac-like organ lying just above (dorsal) the cervical vagina and the connecting tube. It is connected to theposterior end of the cervical vagina." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000435 name: adult oviduct lumen def: "The narrow channel within the oviducts that will contain the ova as they migrate down the oviducts to the uterus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000415 ! adult oviduct relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000436 name: adult uterine lumen def: "The internal cavity within the uterus where the ova are stored until ready to be discharged from the vagina. The uterine lumenis a large area in argasid ticks, but small in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000421 ! adult uterus relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000437 name: adult seminal receptacle cuticular lining def: "This is the thin layer of cuticle, approximately 1 - 2 microns thick, that lines the inner sides of this organ. The innercuticular lining is contiguous with the cuticular lining of the cervical vagina." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000434 ! adult seminal receptacle [Term] id: TADS:0000438 name: adult seminal receptacle epithelial lining def: "The epithelium of the seminal receptacle is multi-layered with many large cuboidal cells containing huge nuclei, some as largeas 30 microns. These cells enlarge greatly after the female is inseminated and show ultrastructural features characteristics ofsecretory activity. The nature of the secretions is unknown. Other smaller cells also occur." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000434 ! adult seminal receptacle [Term] id: TADS:0000439 name: adult seminal receptacle lumen def: "The central cavity of the seminal receptacle where the spermatozoa are stored following insemination by the male aftercopulation. Masses of spermatozoa emerge from the seminal receptacle cavity and migrate up the oviducts to fertilize the ova." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000434 ! adult seminal receptacle [Term] id: TADS:0000440 name: adult cervical vagina lumen def: "The vaginal lumen is the cavity at the center of the organ. Fertilized eggs pass into the cervical vagina and are expelled bythe powerful constrictor muscles surrounding its wall. The lumen of the cervical vagina enlarges to allow egg passage." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000428 ! adult cervical vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000441 name: adult vestibular vagina def: "The vestibular vagina is the elongated, rounded tube that connects the muscular cervical vagina to the female genital pore. In ixodid ticks, it is approximately 320 - 360 microns long. It is somewhat shorter in argasid ticks. The vestibular vagina is lined with cuticle folded into trabeculae thereby forming a thick layer about 15 - 20 microns across. A thin layer of epithelial cellssurrounds the cuticular lining. In ixodid. Tthe vestibular vagina is surrounded by a multilobed glandular epithelium, the lobular accessory gland. This gland is absent in argasid ticks. A pair of tubular accessory glands are located at the junction ofthe vestibular vagina with the cervical vagina and empty into the vagina at this juncture. In ixodid ticks, the vestibular vaginaenlarges greatly during oviposition, the walls thin and stretch and the tube functions as a primitive ovipositor, assisting in propelling the egg from the vagina out through the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-19; Fig. 16-20; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000442 name: adult vestibular vagina cuticular lining def: "The vestibular vagina is lined with a thin layer of cuticle which is folded into deep folds about 15 - 20 microns thick termedtrabeculae. The trabeculae resemble the villi of the vertebrate intestine. These thick folds increae the surface area of thecuticular lining." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000441 ! adult vestibular vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000443 name: adult vestibular vagina trabeculae def: "The trabeculae constitute the thick folds of the cuticular lining resembling the villi of the human intestine." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000442 ! adult vestibular vagina cuticular lining [Term] id: TADS:0000444 name: adult vestibular vagina epithelium def: "This is the thin layer of epithelial cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the vestibular vagaina." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000441 ! adult vestibular vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000445 name: adult vestibular vagina vestibular sinus def: "The vestibular sinus is the space between the vestibular vagina and the surrounding lobular accessory gland." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000441 ! adult vestibular vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000446 name: adult vestibular vagina lumen def: "This is the cavity of the vestibular vagina. The lumen is a flattened space in the unfed or previtellogenic tick, some 10 - 20 microns in width and approximately 150 microns in length. It expands during the post-vitellogenic and ovipositional phases of tick reproductive activity." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000441 ! adult vestibular vagina [Term] id: TADS:0000447 name: adult female tubular accessory glands def: "The tubular accessory glands (TAG) are a pair of glandular structures located at the junction of the cervical vagina with thevestibular vagina. They are present in both ixodid and argasid ticks. Each gland consists of a narrow neck-like section, resemblinga duct, and a broad,bulbous or vermiform glandular region that constitutes the major portion of the gland." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-3; Fig. 16-16; Fig. 16-17; Fig. 16-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "TAG" [] is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000448 name: adult TAG duct def: "This is the narrow neck-like region of the gland that serves as the connecting duct between the bulbous glandular portion of the gland and the point where it joins the junction of the cervical and vestibular vagina." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] comment: Fig. 16-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "TAG" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000447 ! adult female tubular accessory glands [Term] id: TADS:0000449 name: adult TAG duct zone cuticular lining def: "The duct zone of the tubular accessory gland (TAG) is lined with a very thin (0.3 microns) layer of cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000448 ! adult TAG duct [Term] id: TADS:0000450 name: adult TAG duct zone epithelium def: "The epithelium of the tubular accessory gland duct zone consists of a thin, one cell thick layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. These cells secrete the cuticular lining." [isbn:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000448 ! adult TAG duct [Term] id: TADS:0000451 name: adult TAG duct zone lumen def: "The small, subcircular cavity of the duct zone that connects with the junction of the vestibular vagina and the cervical vagina." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000448 ! adult TAG duct [Term] id: TADS:0000452 name: adult TAG glandular region def: "This is the broad, thick vermiform region of the gland filled with large glandular epithelial cells and their supporting cells." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] comment: Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000447 ! adult female tubular accessory glands [Term] id: TADS:0000453 name: adult TAG glandular epithelium def: "This consists of several layers of large, cuboidal secretory cells and stellate (non-secretory) support cells. In feeding females, these cells multiply and expand greatly in size. The secretory cells are filled with masses of proteinaceous material at the apical ends of the cells. The apical cell surfaces have masses of microvilli that protrude into the lumen. A thin connective tissue layer with a few smooth muscle cells surrounds the epithelium and forms the outer wall of the TAG." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] comment: Fig. 16-17; Fig, 16-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000452 ! adult TAG glandular region [Term] id: TADS:0000454 name: adult TAG secretory cell def: "These are the cells that secrete masses of proteinaceous material into the TAG duct. The identity of the proteins that constitute these materials is unknown." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] comment: Fig. 16-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000453 ! adult TAG glandular epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000455 name: adult TAG stellate supporting cell def: "These cells are non-secretory cells that occur in the glandular portion of the TAG. Their role is unknown." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000453 ! adult TAG glandular epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000456 name: adult TAG connective tissue wall def: "The outer wall of the glandular portion of the TAG is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue fibers and ocassional smoothmuscle cells." [ISBN:0-19-05910-7 "0-19-05910-7"] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000453 ! adult TAG glandular epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000457 name: adult lobular accessory gland def: "The lobular accessory gland (LAG) is found only in ixodid ticks. The LAG surrounds the vestibular vagina, separated from it by a vestibular sinus (VS). The LAG consists of a bulblous three-lobed gland about 150 microns thick surrounding the vestibular vagina. Numerous ducts permeate the lobes of the gland and fuse with the VS. The secretory cells of the LAG are filled with lipids. Although the function of the LAG is unknown, it is believed to produce a lipid rich secretion that coats the eggs as they pass through the vestibular vagina during oviposition." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16 -1; Fig. 16-2; Fig. 16-19; Fig. 16-20; Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "LAG" [] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000352 ! adult female reproductive system relationship: part_of TADS:0000600 ! female organism [Term] id: TADS:0000458 name: adult LAG secretory cell def: "The secretory cells form the major portion of the LAG. Most are tall columnar epithelial cells. In feeding virgin females, thesecretory cells contain numerous mitochondria and extensive development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, features characteristic of secretory activity. However, no evidence of lipid droplets were reported, although this may be related to the timeof collection (i.e., perhaps this might have been found if samples were taken during oviposition). According to Lees and Beament (1948), these cells produce a lipid-rich secretion which coats the eggs as they pass along the vestibular vagina during oviposition, but this could not be confirmed in later studies." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000457 ! adult lobular accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000459 name: adult LAG lobular duct def: "Multiple ducts are found within the lobes of the LAG. These ducts lead from the lobular portion to the vestibular sinus surrounding the vestibular vagina and separating that organ from the LAG." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000457 ! adult lobular accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000460 name: adult male reproductive system def: "This system consists of the paired, tubular testes, the paired, convoluted vasa deferentia, a single seminal vesicle, the ejaculatory duct, the massive, multi-lobed male accessory gland and the genital pore. The system is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster relationship: part_of TADS:0000599 ! male organism [Term] id: TADS:0000461 name: adult testis def: "Most ticks have a pair of elongated, tubular testes connected near the midline of the body by a thin isthmus. Each testis is a tubular organ comprised of layers of germinal cells surrounded by a thin connective tissue membrane and occasional smooth muscle cells. Interstitial cells occur primarily along the luminal border, according to Raikhel (1983). Spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes are grouped into clusters termed spermatocysts. Each cluster contains 32 - 64 secondary spermatogonia or spermatocytes, depending upon their position in the testis, and surrounded by a narrow lumen.The testes enlarge greatly during feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-2; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-5; Fig. 17-6; Fig. 17-7; Fig. 17-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000462 name: adult posthypostomal seta def: "The small number of setae, typically two pairs, located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli just posterior to the origin of the hypostome." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000463 name: adult capitular auricula def: "The auriculae are a pair of spines that project posteriorly from the ventral surface of the basis capituli. One auricula occurson each postero-lateral surface. Differences in the length and shape of the auriculae are useful taxonomic characters fordistinguishing species." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000464 name: adult palpal posterior spur def: "A small posteriorly projecting spine located on the posterolateral edge of palpal article I of each palp." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000027 ! adult article I [Term] id: TADS:0000465 name: adult capitular constriction def: "The folds located on the ventrolateral margins on each side of the basis capituli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000466 name: adult transverse sutural line def: "The deep fold located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli that extends horizontally across this structure." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000467 name: adult cornua def: "The cornuae are spines located at the posterolateral margins on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. The shape and lengthof the cornuae are useful taxonomic characters for distinguishing secies." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000468 name: adult sutural line def: "Characteristic of ticks of the genus Argas. The line or groove at the lateral margin of t he body separating the doral andventral regions. Absent in other genera of Argasidae and Ixodidae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000469 name: .adult tubercle def: "Tiny flat, shiny folds on the surface of the integument in ticks of the genus Antricola, giving it the appearance of a tuberculated cuticle. Not present in other genera of argasid ticks or in Ixodidae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult granulations " [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000470 name: adult body pseudoscutum def: "The smooth, shinny region on the dorsal surface resembling the scutum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-32; Fig. 2-35; Fig. 2-36; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000471 name: adult leg ball and socket joint def: "Ball and socket joints are a unique feature of the legs of Nuttalliella namaqua, the only species of the family Nuttalliellidae. This feature has not been reported in other acarines and may be unique for the entire subclass." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-36; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000472 name: adult anterior projection def: "In argasid ticks, a narrow cone-shaped anterior extension of the body as seen from the dorsal surface." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000473 name: adult hypostomal dentition def: "The arrangement of the denticles (= teeth) on the hypostome in longitudinal files, e.g., two rows on either side of thehypostomal groove = 2/2 dentition, three rows = 3/3 dentition, etc." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000474 name: adult hypostome crenulation def: "These are small ridges or slightly recurved projections instead of teeth or true denticles on the hypostome, usually innon-feeding males. Crenulations may also occur beyond the denticulate zone in some species where the hypostome also bears prominentdenticles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000475 name: adult tarsus dorsal hump def: "Dorsal humps are prominent elevations on the dorsal surface of the tarsus in many species of argasid ticks. Dorsal humps occasionally occur on other leg segments." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000283 ! adult tarsus [Term] id: TADS:0000476 name: adult punctation def: "These are pits that occur on the surface of sclerotized plates, primarily on the scutum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000477 name: adult interstitial cell def: "These are germinal cells that differentiate into spermatogonia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000461 ! adult testis [Term] id: TADS:0000478 name: adult spermatocyst def: "These are clusters of spermatogonia along with primary and secondary spermatocytes surrounded by a thin-walled epithelium. Each spermatocyst contains from 32 - 62 cells. Near the anterior ends of the testes, elongated spermatids (prospermia) may also populate these structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-2; Fig. 17-5; Fig. 17-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000461 ! adult testis [Term] id: TADS:0000479 name: adult spermatocyst epithelium def: "The thin layer of epithelial cells that encloses the masses of spermatogonia and spermatocytes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000478 ! adult spermatocyst [Term] id: TADS:0000480 name: adult spermatogonia def: "These are the cells that represent the earliest stage in the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia are diploid cells that are committed to become spermatocytes and, eventually, fully developed spermatozoa." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000478 ! adult spermatocyst [Term] id: TADS:0000481 name: adult testis outer wall def: "The outer wall of the testis consists of a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000461 ! adult testis [Term] id: TADS:0000482 name: adult testis lumen def: "This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular testis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000461 ! adult testis [Term] id: TADS:0000483 name: adult isthmus def: "The isthmus is a thin band of epithelial cells that connects the paired testes. It is located in the midline of the posteriorregion of the body between the two testes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000461 ! adult testis [Term] id: TADS:0000484 name: adult peritrophic membrane def: "The peritrophic membrane is an amorphous, proteinaceous membrane that appears several days after the commencement of feeding. It has been conclusively demonstrated in Ixodes scapularis and is assumed to occur in most, if not all species of ticks. This membrane forms a barrier between the delicate epithelial lining of the midgut and the lumen, making it difficult for invasive microbes to penetrate the midgut." [ISBN:0-19-508431-4 "0-19-508431-4"] comment: Vol. 2. Fig. 26-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000485 name: adult prospermia def: "These are the elongated spermatids that have undergone reduction division. These extremely elongated, haploid spermatids arenot capacitated, i.e., they are not yet capable of fertilizing the oocytes. In this form they migrate to the ejaculatory duct andinto the developing spermatophore whereupon they are transported to the vagina of the female. Capacitation of the inseminated prospermia takes place in the reproductive tract of the female." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-13;Fig. 17-14; Fig. 17-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Elongated spermatid" [] related_synonym: "Secondary spermatocyte" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000478 ! adult spermatocyst [Term] id: TADS:0000486 name: adult vasa deferentia def: "The paired vasa deferentia are a paired of coiled, twisted tubules that extend from the anterior (proximal) end of each testis to the seminal vesicle. The vasa deferentia connect the testes to the single seminal vesicle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000487 name: adult lining epithelium of the vas deferens def: "The lining epithelium consists of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells when the duct is empty of sperm cells, or thicker,cuboidal cells when the duct is filled with sperm." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000486 ! adult vasa deferentia [Term] id: TADS:0000488 name: adult vas deferens lumen def: "This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular vas deferens." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000486 ! adult vasa deferentia [Term] id: TADS:0000489 name: adult ejaculatory duct def: "The common cuticle-lined duct formed by the union of the paired vasa deferentia tgat leads from those organs to the male genital aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-3; Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000490 name: adult ejaculatory duct lining epithelium def: "The thin layer of cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the duct. Occasional smooth muscle cells surroud the duct but do notform a muscle layer." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000489 ! adult ejaculatory duct [Term] id: TADS:0000491 name: adult ejaculatory duct cuticular lining def: "A thin, folded layer of cuticle several microns thick that lines the inner surface of the ejaculatory duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000489 ! adult ejaculatory duct [Term] id: TADS:0000492 name: adult ejaculatory duct lumen def: "The narrow internal cavity of the ejaculatory duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000489 ! adult ejaculatory duct [Term] id: TADS:0000493 name: adult rectum cuticular lining def: "The rectum is lined with a relatively thick layer of cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000167 ! adult rectum [Term] id: TADS:0000494 name: adult esophagus cuticle lining def: "The thin band of cuticle that forms the inner most lining of the esophagus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000057 ! adult esophagus [Term] id: TADS:0000495 name: adult intestinal lumen def: "The narrow internal cavity of this simple duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000165 ! adult intestine [Term] id: TADS:0000496 name: adult rectal sac lumen def: "The internal cavity of the rectal sac. The lumen is usually found filled with masses iridescent or white-appearing spheroidal guanine crytstals. During or soon after feeding, the lumen will also be filled with black-colored hematin wastes or, less often, with red-colored wastes due to undigested hemoglobin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000166 ! adult rectal sac [Term] id: TADS:0000497 name: adult rectal lumen def: "This is the narrow internal cavity of this short duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000167 ! adult rectum [Term] id: TADS:0000498 name: adult anal aperture def: "The anal aperture is the opening between the valves. Wastes from the rectum passes out of the body via the anal aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000066 ! adult anus [Term] id: TADS:0000499 name: adult pharynx cuticular lining def: "The thin layer of cuticle that separates the epithelium of the pharyngeal wall from the lumen." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000500 name: adult pharyngeal wall epithelium def: "The thin layer of squamous cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the pharynx. The epithelium is surrounded by circularmuscle cells, so that it is virtually unnoticed due to the more prominent musculature." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000501 name: adult male accessory gland def: "The very large, multilobed gland in the center of the body, with connections to the vasa deferentia and the seminal vesicle. The male accessory gland is responsible for the production of the seminal fluid and formation of the spermatophore (For histology of the gland, see Figures 17.9 and 17.10, Biology of Ticks, 0-19-505910-7)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-2; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000502 name: adult male ventral granular lobe def: "The unpaired ventral granular lobe is the largest lobe of the male accessory gland in both ixodid and argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-2; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000503 name: adult male dorsal granular lobe def: "This is a large, unpaired lobe on the dorsal side of the male accessory gland. This is the second largest lobe, second only tothe ventral granular lobe. The dorsal granular lobe is found in both argasid and ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-2; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000504 name: adult male antero-dorsal lobe def: "A pair of small lobular projections from the antero-dorsal region of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland inixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000505 name: adult male lateral dorsal lobe def: "This is a pair of elongated, lateral projections that extend from the lateral margins of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000506 name: adult male postero-dorsal lobe def: "The pair of small projections that extend from the dorso-lateral margins of the dorsal lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Biology of Ticks Vol. 1. 0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000507 name: adult male postero-lateral lobe def: "A pair of elongated, tube-like projections that extend from the main body of the male accessory gland of ixodid ticks and project posteriorly." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000508 name: adult male postero-ventral lobe. def: "A pair of elongated, tube-like extensions of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-1; Fig. 17-3; Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000509 name: adult male accessory gland dense granule cell def: "The cell type in the lobes of the male accessory gland that primarily contain electron dense granules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-9; Fig. 17-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000510 name: adult male accessory gland mixed granule cell def: "These cells occur in the granular lobes. They contain 1) large granules, known as complex granules because they are filled withnumerous fine particles, often dispersed in a reticulate pattern AND 2) in addition, electron dense homogeneous granules. The latterare probably lipid-filled granules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-9; Fig. 17-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000511 name: adult male accessory gland epithelial wall def: "The epithelial covering of the lobes of the male accessory gland is comprised of large cuboidal and tall columnar cells. In feeding or fed males, cells from the epithelial covering proliferate, become large cuboidal or tall columnar cells that fill with masses of simple and or simple and complex granules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000512 name: adult male spongy lobe def: "The spongy lobe of the male accessory gland is the only lobe that lacks granule-filled cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000513 name: adult uterine horns def: "In some species of argasid ticks (e.g., Ornithodoros kelleyi), the uterus is very large and bifurcated into a pair of posteriorly-directed horns, the uterine horns. Uterine horns are absent in ixodid ticks and the uterus is generally quite small." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000421 ! adult uterus [Term] id: TADS:0000514 name: adult primary spermatocyte def: "These cells appear in late stage nymphs of argasid ticks and during nymphal development (following feeding) in ixodid ticks. Primary spermatocytes undergo the great growth phase in Prostriate and argasid ticks without the need for feeding. They transform into prospermia (spermatids) which have undergone reduction division." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-17; Fig. 17-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000478 ! adult spermatocyst [Term] id: TADS:0000515 name: adult male genital plate def: "The sclerotized flap or plate that covers the genital aperture in the adult male. This flap opens to allow the spermatophore toemerge. Not to be confused with the pre-genital plate that occurs in the males of many prostriate ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000068 ! adult male genital pore [Term] id: TADS:0000516 name: adult male spermatophore def: "The spermatophore is not a permament part of the male anatomy. Rather it is formed externally from soluble proteins, lipids and other materials in a viscous droplet ejaculated by the male during copulation. These materials coagulate into the ectospermatophore that momentarily encloses the male genital aperture. This is followed quickly by masses of elongated prospermia and seminal fluids that flow into the ectospermatophore, causing it to balloon and turn opaque. Next, a second viscous droplet is introduced which forms the bilobed endospermatophore. This also seals the spermatophore. A single endospermatophore occurs in ixodid ticks, but two endospermatophores commonly occur in argasid ticks. When completed, the entire spermatophore is seized by the male's chelicerae as itemerges from the male genital aperture. Then, using its chelicerae, the male transfers the spermatophore to the female's genital aperture and implants it into the vestibular vagina. Saliva is secreted to lubricate the female's genital area to facilitate the process. Meanwhile, CO2 generated within the spermatophore creates sufficient pressure to force the masses of elongated prospermia and semen into the endospermatophore (s), which everts, expands and passes out the external spermatophore and into the female's genital tract. The ectospermatophore remains as an empty sac on the external surface of the female, where it soons dries, shrivels and falls off." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000585 ! portion of organism substance relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000517 name: adult male ectospermatophore def: "This is the temporary external sac of the spermatophore. It does not enter the female genital tract but, rather, shrivels and falls away after copulation." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000516 ! adult male spermatophore [Term] id: TADS:0000518 name: adult male endospermatophore def: "The temporary proteinaceous sacs that will carry the masses of greatly elongated prospermia into the female's genital tract. Initially contained within the spermatophore, the single (Ixodidae) or pair (Argasidae) of endospermatophores will pass into the female." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000516 ! adult male spermatophore [Term] id: TADS:0000519 name: adult esophageal epithelial wall def: "The wall of the esophagus is a thin layer of squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000057 ! adult esophagus [Term] id: TADS:0000520 name: adult Gene's organ accessory gland def: "A pair of glands situated on either side of the Gene's organ in ixodid ticks. Each gland consists of a single acinus comprising 8 - 12 cells. Each cell is connected via an individual duct to pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. Each cell isconnected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell. The secretions of the accessory gland cells are incorporated into the egg wax during oviposition (From Tissue and Cell, 1984, 16: 589 - 599)." [ISSN:0040-8166.] relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000521 name: adult Gene's organ accessory gland cell def: "The secretory cells that comprise the accessory glands. These gland cells contain striking quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi dictyosomes and appear to secrete lipids onto the cuticular surface. These lipids become incorporated into the egg wax." [ISSN:0040-8166] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000520 ! adult Gene's organ accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000522 name: adult Gene's organ accessory gland pore def: "The pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli through the secretions of the acinar cells are passed to the external surface (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599)." [ISSN:0040-8166] relationship: part_of TADS:0000520 ! adult Gene's organ accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000523 name: adult Gene's organ accessory gland duct cell def: "These are cells that connect the acinar cells of the gland to the cuticular ducts through which the cell secretions are passed to the exterior (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599)." [ISSN:0040-8166] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000520 ! adult Gene's organ accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000524 name: adult spiracular gland def: "Small glands found below the spiracular plate in ixodid ticks. These secrete waxy secretions to the exterior by way of pores in the spiracular goblets. See Walker et al. (1996) Integumental glands of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) as potential producers of semiochemicals. J. Med. Entomol. 33: 749 - 759." [ISSN:0022-2585 "0022-2585"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000525 name: adult spiracular gland pore def: "The tiny openings in the spiracular goblets through which the secretions from the spiracular glands pass to the exterior. See Walker et al (1996) Journal of Medical Entomology 33: 743 - 759." [ISSN:0022-2585 "0022-2585"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000524 ! adult spiracular gland [Term] id: TADS:0000526 name: adult coxal gland lumen def: "This is the main cavity that fills with water and salts extracted from the hemolymph. These materials are passed to the coxaltubules for further processing and reabsorption of needed compounds." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000527 name: adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 1 def: "In argasid ticks, the first of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000528 name: adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 2 def: "In argasid ticks, the second of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000529 name: adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 3 def: "In argasid ticks, the third of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000501 ! adult male accessory gland [Term] id: TADS:0000530 name: adult esophageal lumen def: "This is the cavity through which ingested blood flows to the midgut." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000057 ! adult esophagus [Term] id: TADS:0000531 name: adult preoral canal membrane def: "In ixodid ticks, a delicate membrane covers the preoral canal and separates it from the salivarium. This membrane is absent inargasid ticks where it is replaced by the hollow labrum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000014 ! adult preoral canal [Term] id: TADS:0000532 name: adult coxal spine def: "Posteriorly project spines that occur on one or more of the four pairs of coxae. The number, length and shape of the coxalspines are useful characters for taxonomic classification of the species." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000278 ! adult coxa [Term] id: TADS:0000533 name: adult salivary gland acinar duct def: "Narrow bifurcated duct that connects the acinus with the intralobular ducts. The acinar duct is surrounded by non-granular neckcells (=peritubular cells). At the center of the acinus is a small, narrow channel (lumen) communicating with the acinar duct. Evidently, the secretions from the granular cells pass initially into this narrow channel, then into the acinar duct for their passageout of the acinus into the intralobular duct and exit from the salivary glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000534 name: adult salivary gland acinar duct lining. def: "The thin layer of cuticule that forms the inner lining of this duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000533 ! adult salivary gland acinar duct [Term] id: TADS:0000535 name: adult salivary gland acinar duct lumen def: "The narrow channel of this duct that leads into the intralobular duct lumen." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000533 ! adult salivary gland acinar duct [Term] id: TADS:0000536 name: adult salivary gland lobular duct epithelium def: "The layer of squamous epithelial cells that forms the outer wall of the duct and secretes the cuticular lining." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000144 ! adult salivary gland lobular duct [Term] id: TADS:0000537 name: adult salivary gland lobular duct cuticular lining. def: "The relatively thick layer of cuticle lining the inner surface of the lobular duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000144 ! adult salivary gland lobular duct [Term] id: TADS:0000538 name: adult salivary gland lobular duct lumen def: "The cavity of the lobular duct. Salivary secretions accumulate in the lumen of these ducts and pass into the main salivary ductfor exit to the salivarium." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000144 ! adult salivary gland lobular duct [Term] id: TADS:0000539 name: adult salivary gland type I acinus constrictor cell def: "A pair of small cells that surround the acinar duct. The constrictor cells control the outflow of secretions from the acinus into the main salivary duct. Constrictor cells are found only in type I (agranular) acini. However, it is possible that theperitubular cells (neck cells) in the granular acini perform a similar role." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus [Term] id: TADS:0000540 name: adult salivary duct cuticular lining def: "The main salivary duct is lined with a relatively thick, banded cuticular layer resembling the taenidium of the tracheae. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000054 ! adult salivary ducts [Term] id: TADS:0000541 name: adult salivary duct wall def: "The layer of epithelial cells surrounding the cutiuclar lining, forming the outer part of the wall of the salivary duct. These cells secrete the cuticular lining of the duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000054 ! adult salivary ducts [Term] id: TADS:0000542 name: adult salivary duct lumen def: "The cavity of the salivary duct. The lumina of the paired salivary ducts join to form the lumen of the salivarium. Salivary secretions from the acini of the salivary glands flow through the main salivary ducts into the salivarium and are expelled via thepreoral canal to the exterior." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000054 ! adult salivary ducts [Term] id: TADS:0000543 name: adult aorta wall def: "The wall of the aorta is lined with a thin layer of squamous epithelium surrounded by layers of smooth muscle cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000154 ! adult aorta [Term] id: TADS:0000544 name: adult aorta lumen def: "The cavity of the duct that conveys hemolymph anteriorly towards the periganglionic sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000154 ! adult aorta [Term] id: TADS:0000545 name: adult heart aortic myocardial cone def: "This is the muscularized zone at the anteior end of the heart where the heart fuses with the aorta." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000546 name: adult pericardial septum def: "The thin membranous layer that surrounds the heart and encloses the pericardial sinus. The pericardial septum functions as a filtration membrane that filters the hemolymph before it enters the pericardial sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000547 name: adult heart lumen def: "The cavity of the heart containing filtered hemolymph that is circulated anteriorly and out into the aorta." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000548 name: adult spermatozoa def: "The fully mature capacitated (differentiated) sperm cells that are capable of migrating up the oviducts to the ovary and fertilizing the oocytes. Spermatozoa undergo capacitation within the endospermatophore within the body of the female (i.e., within the seminal receptacle. The fully mature spermatozoa may reach up to 1000 microns in some tick species ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-16; Fig. 17-18; Fig. 17-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000518 ! adult male endospermatophore [Term] id: TADS:0000549 name: adult sensory system def: "The adult sensory system consists of the variety of sensory ogans, or sensilla, the detect chemical compounds (e.g., odors, taste), contact with objects or surfaces, light or shadows, temperature and humidty changes. They are classified by structure or function, or a combination of the two. For the purposes of this anatomical ontology, they will be characterized primarily by structureand secondarily by function. Examples include the setiform olfactosensilla in the Haller's organ, setiform mechanosensilla all over the body, capitulum and legs, thigmotactic sensilla in the integument, or the photosensilla in the eye. Many of these sensory organs are multifunctional, e.g., combined mechanochemosensory sensilla. Many sensilla are dispersed all over the body, capitulum and legs. Others are clustered in specialized organs such as the Haller's organ on the foreleg tarsi or the sensory field on the tip of the terminal segment of the palps (palpal article IV)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-1; Fig. 15-2; Fig. 15-3; Fig. 15-4; Fig. 15-5; Fig. 15-6; Fig. 15-7; Fig. 15-8; Fig. 15-9;Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; Fig. 15-14; Fig. 15-15; Fig. 15-16; Fig. 15-17; Fig. 15-18; Fig. 15-19; Fig. 15-20; Fig. 15-21; Fig. 15-22;Fig. 15-23; Fig. 15-24; Fig. 15-25; Fig. 15-26; Fig. 15-27; Fig. 15-28; Fig. 15-29; Fig. 15-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000550 name: adult setal shaft def: "The hair-like body of the seta that extends from the setal socket in the cuticle. Often described as setiform sensilla, theshaft of the seta contains a fluid-filled cavity. The dendrite (s) of the adjacent sensory neuron (s) penetrate into the cavity of the shaft and may send minute branches to pores at the tip or along the margins. The shaft may have a solid cuticle (mechanosensory sensilla) or may have pores." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000551 name: adult retinal cell def: "The photocreceptor neurons that detect light. These neurons are unusual, unipolar cells oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. Axons from these neurons join to form the optic nerve." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000061 ! adult eye Ixodidae [Term] id: TADS:0000552 name: adult eye glial sheath def: "The layer of cells that surrounds and nourishes the retinal neurons in the eye." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000061 ! adult eye Ixodidae [Term] id: TADS:0000553 name: adult lens lenticular pore canal def: "In Amblyomm americanum, the pore canals in the lens are organized into bundles and oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. The pore bundles are believed to act as light or wave guides since the pore canals become progressively smaller and converge towards the interior, which is likely to intensify the incoming light." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000304 ! adult eye lens [Term] id: TADS:0000554 name: adult malpighian tubule lumen def: "The cavity of the malpighian tubules that contains numerous irridescent, spherical and subspherical guanine crystals of varying size." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000555 name: adult peripheral nerve neurilemma def: "The peripheral nerve neurilemma is the amorphous, non-cellular layer that surrounds each nerve. The neurilemma extends into the body of the nerve to form mesaxons, an extension of the neurilemman that encloses individual axons or groups of axons within the body of the nerve. This is a unique feature of ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23. relationship: part_of TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000556 name: adult atrial muscle def: "The atrial muscles insert on the dorsal and ventral walls of the atrial chamber. They serve to dilate the atrial chamber whenthey contract." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000044 ! adult atrial chamber [Term] id: TADS:0000557 name: adult periesophageal sinus def: "Cavity surrounding the part of the esophagus that passes through the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000558 name: Anterior tracheal trunk def: "The large tracheal trunk that anastomoses into numerous small tracheae that envelope and supply the synganglion and its associated structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000559 name: adult dorsal protocephalic neurosecretory tract def: "A neurosecretory tract (commissure) located in the dorsal region of the supraesophageal ganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000560 name: adult periesophageal ridge/perineural association def: "A rdige on the dorsal surface of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000561 name: adult ventral protocephalic neurosecretory tract def: "A major commissure connecting different regions of the supreesophageal region of the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000562 name: adult pharyngeal neurosecretory tract def: "This neurosecretory tract is formed by axons primarily from the stomodeal neurosecretory tract." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000563 name: adult anterior perineurial association def: "A cluster a neuron cell bodies, presumably forming a neurosecretory center, adjacent to the ventral edge of the supraesophagealregion where the esophagus enters. Function unknown." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000564 name: Adutl synganglion pII chiasmatic NST def: "This is the chiasmatic neurosecretory pathway of pedal ganglion II (according to Wikipedia, a chiasma is a point where two or more nerves or nerve pathways cross)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000565 name: adult synganglion lateral neurosecretory tract def: "The lateral neurosecretory tract (NST) extends between the supra- and sub-esophageal regions of the synganglion and connectsdifferent neurosecretory centers in both regions." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000566 name: adult synganglion ventro-medial neurosecretory tract def: "These neurosecretory tracts (NSTs) extend from the neurosecretory centers in the subesophageal region to the lateral-neurosecretory tract." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000567 name: adult malpighian tubule pyramidal cell def: "One of the two types of epithelial cells that develop after blood feeding when the malpighian tubules are metabolically active in processing excretory wastes into guanine crystals. These differentiated cells are most prominent in the proximal regions of the malphighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000168 ! adult malpighian tubule epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000568 name: adult malpighian tubule cuboidal cell def: "The primary cell type found in the lining epithelium of the malphighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000168 ! adult malpighian tubule epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000569 name: adult Gene's organ balloon-like structure def: "In the ovipositing female, these swollen areas are covered with innumerable ledges that lie medial to the horms of the gland. Numerous broad pits occur over these surfaces." [ISSN:0168-8162 "0168-8162"] comment: Fig. 17; Fig. 19; Fig. 20; Fig. 21; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. related_synonym: "Stalk of the gland" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000570 name: adult Gene's organ attachment cord def: "The suspensory cord to which the retractor muscles of the gland attach." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 16-22; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000353 ! adult Gene's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000571 name: adult midgut spent digestive cell def: "During blood feeding, these enormously enlarged, fully differentiated digestive cells fill with hematin. They protrude as flask-shaped cells. Many detach from the basal lamina and float free in the lumen, eventually discharging their waste contents intothe cavity for elimination during defecation. In other cases, the enlarged, terminal end of the cell fragments and floats into thelumen. In some cases, the cells remain intact but the hematin-rich residual bodies that fill their cytoplasm are eliminated byexocytosis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000572 name: adult midgut anterior median diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticula towards the anterior end of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000573 name: adult midgut anterior lateral diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum on each side and protrude laterally towards the anterior lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000574 name: adult coxal accessory gland def: "A small aciniform gland attached to the terminal end of the coxal tubule, near its junction with the coxal pore. Its function is unknown. It may serve as the source of the argasid sex pheromone." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000081 ! adult coxal tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000575 name: adult tarsal male claw sensilla dorsal pair def: "Tip-pore sensilla located on the dorsal side of the terminal end of the tarsus at the junction with the tarsal apotele, These sensilla, which occur only in the males, were reported to recognize the female mounting sex pheromone." [ISSN:0168-8162 Exp. Appl. Acarol. 17\: 631-653] comment: Fig. 2; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. related_synonym: "Claw sensilla" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000283 ! adult tarsus [Term] id: TADS:0000576 name: adult multiporose single-walled sensilla def: "These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls are covered by innumerable tiny submicroscopic pores. The pores are normally visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a single wall. Setiform multiporose sensilla occur in the anterior pit of Haller's organ (Ap-1 sensillum or MD-1, MD-2 or MD-3 sensillum of various authors), in the Haller's organ capsule and in some cases distal to the Haller's organ. These sensilla have a well-established role asolfactory sensilla, detecting a wide range of odorants, e.g., NH3, CO2, 2,-dichlorophenol and many others." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-6; Fig. 15-7; in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Olfactory sensilla" [] related_synonym: "Olfactosensilla" [] is_a: TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000577 name: adult smooth double-walled sensilla def: "These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls contain very pores in faint grooves along the margins. The pores are normally only visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a double wall. Examples are found in the anterior pit and posterior capsule of the Haller's organ. These sensilla are believed to function as chemosensory sensilla, but their precise role is uncertain." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-5; Fig. 15-8; Fig. 15-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Spoke-wheel sensilla" [] is_a: TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000578 name: adult tip-pore sensilla def: "These are setiform sensilla that occur in the cluster of sensilla on the tip of palpal article IV, along the distal margins of tarsus I adjacent to the apotele, and possibly in the Haller's organ. They are believed to function as gustatory sensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-5; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Gustatory sensilla" [] is_a: TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000579 name: adult no pore sensilla. def: "Setiform sensilla that lack any evidence of pores. These setae function as mechanosensory sensilla. No-pore setiform sensilla occur all over the body, legs and capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-5; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Mechanosensory sensilla" [] is_a: TADS:0000301 ! adult seta [Term] id: TADS:0000580 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD-3 sensillum def: "In a few species, a third multiporose setiform sensillum also occurs in the anterior pit of Haller's organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000289 ! adult Haller's organ anterior pit [Term] id: TADS:0000581 name: adult male claw sensilla middle pair def: "These are tip pore sensilla similar to the dorsal pair. These sensilla occur only on tarsus I of the males and are situated adjacent to the base of the apotele. They are reported to detect the female mounting sex pheromone." [ISSN:0168-8162 Exp. Appl.Acarol. 17\: 631-653] comment: Fig. 2; in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. relationship: part_of TADS:0000283 ! adult tarsus [Term] id: TADS:0000582 name: adult chelicera pit sensillum def: "The two pits that occur on the inner cheliceral digits. Pit sensillum 1 (PS-1) is innervated by a single dendrite and isbelieved to function as a thermoreceptor. Pit sensillum 2 (PS-2) is innervated by 11 dendrites and is believed to function as a gustatory chemoreceptor." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000583 name: anatomical entity def: "Biological entity, which constitutes the structural organization of a biological organism, or is an attribute of thatorganization." [CARO:0000000] [Term] id: TADS:0000584 name: anatomical structure def: "Material anatomical entity which has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome." [CARO:0000003] is_a: TADS:0000587 ! material anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000585 name: portion of organism substance def: "Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state, with or without the admixture of cells and biologicalmacromolecules; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified byanatomical structures as they pass through the body." [CARO:0000004] is_a: TADS:0000587 ! material anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000586 name: anatomical space def: "Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, which is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; issurrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures." [CARO:0000005] is_a: TADS:0000588 ! immaterial anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000587 name: material anatomical entity def: "Anatomical entity which has mass." [CARO:0000006] is_a: TADS:0000583 ! anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000588 name: immaterial anatomical entity def: "Physical anatomical entity which is a three-dimensional space, surface, line or point associated with a material physicalanatomical entity." [CARO:0000007] is_a: TADS:0000583 ! anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000589 name: anatomical line def: "Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of ananatomical surface." [CARO:0000008] is_a: TADS:0000588 ! immaterial anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000590 name: anatomical point def: "Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface." [CARO:0000009] is_a: TADS:0000588 ! immaterial anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000591 name: anatomical surface def: "Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures." [CARO:0000010] is_a: TADS:0000588 ! immaterial anatomical entity [Term] id: TADS:0000592 name: anatomical system def: "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lowerlevel of granularity." [CARO:0000011] is_a: TADS:0000613 ! anatomical group [Term] id: TADS:0000593 name: multi-cellular organism def: "Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell." [CARO:0000012] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000594 name: cell def: "Anatomical structure which has as its direct parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane." [CARO:0000013] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000595 name: cell component def: "Anatomical structure which is a direct part of the cell." [CARO:0000014] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000594 ! cell [Term] id: TADS:0000596 name: compound organ component def: "Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ." [CARO:0000019] is_a: TADS:0000614 ! multi-tissue structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000598 ! compound organ [Term] id: TADS:0000597 name: simple organ def: "Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ." [CARO:0000021] is_a: TADS:0000614 ! multi-tissue structure [Term] id: TADS:0000598 name: compound organ def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinctanatomical structures of different types." [CARO:0000024] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000599 name: male organism def: "Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes." [CARO:0000027] is_a: TADS:0000610 ! gonochoristic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000600 name: female organism def: "Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes." [CARO:0000028] is_a: TADS:0000610 ! gonochoristic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000601 name: hermaphroditic organism def: "Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes." [CARO:0000029] related_synonym: "dioecious organism" [] is_a: TADS:0000593 ! multi-cellular organism [Term] id: TADS:0000602 name: asexual organism def: "Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes." [CARO:0000030] is_a: TADS:0000593 ! multi-cellular organism [Term] id: TADS:0000603 name: organism subdivision def: "Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism." [CARO:0000032] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000604 name: acellular anatomical structure def: "Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue." [CARO:0000040] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000605 name: anatomical cluster def: "Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another." [CARO:0000041] is_a: TADS:0000613 ! anatomical group [Term] id: TADS:0000606 name: extraembryonic structure def: "Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contributeto the embryo." [CARO:0000042] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000607 name: portion of tissue def: "Anatomical structure, which consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determinedspatial relationships." [CARO:0000043] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000608 name: sequential hermaphroditic organism def: "Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex." [CARO:0000045] related_synonym: "consecutive hermaphroditic organism" [] is_a: TADS:0000601 ! hermaphroditic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000609 name: synchronous hermaphroditic organism def: "Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time." [CARO:0000046] related_synonym: "serially hermaphroditic organism" [] is_a: TADS:0000601 ! hermaphroditic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000610 name: gonochoristic organism def: "Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes." [CARO:0000048] related_synonym: "monoecious organism" [] is_a: TADS:0000593 ! multi-cellular organism [Term] id: TADS:0000611 name: protandrous hermaphroditic organism def: "Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces\ngametes first of the male sex, and then later of the\nfemale sex." [CARO:0000049] is_a: TADS:0000608 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000612 name: protogynous hermaphroditic organism def: "Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces\ngametes first of the female sex, and then later of the\nmale sex." [CARO:0000050] is_a: TADS:0000608 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism [Term] id: TADS:0000613 name: anatomical group def: "Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cellsof different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue." [CARO:0000054] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000614 name: multi-tissue structure def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinctstructural units of different types." [CARO:0000055] is_a: TADS:0000584 ! anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000615 name: cell space def: "Anatomical space that is part of a cell." [CARO:0000062] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space [Term] id: TADS:0000616 name: portion of cell substance def: "Portion of organism substance located within a cell." [CARO:0000063] is_a: TADS:0000585 ! portion of organism substance [Term] id: TADS:0000617 name: single cell organism def: "Cell that is an individual member of a species." [CARO:0000064] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell [Term] id: TADS:0000618 name: basal lamina def: "Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of anepithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue." [CARO:0000065] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure [Term] id: TADS:0000619 name: epithelium def: "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and whichis underlain by a basal lamina." [CARO:0000066] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000620 name: simple cuboidal epithelium def: "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells." [CARO:0000067] is_a: TADS:0000626 ! unilaminar epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000621 name: simple columnar epithlium def: "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells." [CARO:0000068] is_a: TADS:0000626 ! unilaminar epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000622 name: multilaminar epithelium def: "Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells." [CARO:0000069] is_a: TADS:0000619 ! epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000623 name: simple squamous epithelium def: "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells." [CARO:0000070] is_a: TADS:0000626 ! unilaminar epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000624 name: atypical epithelium def: "Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers." [CARO:0000071] is_a: TADS:0000619 ! epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000625 name: cavitated compound organ def: "Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces." [CARO:0000072] is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ [Term] id: TADS:0000626 name: unilaminar epithelium def: "Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells." [CARO:0000073] is_a: TADS:0000619 ! epithelium [Term] id: TADS:0000627 name: solid compound organ def: "Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces." [CARO:0000074] is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ [Term] id: TADS:0000628 name: epithelial cell def: "Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity." [CARO:0000077] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell [Typedef] id: part_of name: part_of is_transitive: true