format-version: 1.2 date: 07:02:2014 17:12 saved-by: JSmith auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.3 default-namespace: Experimental Conditions. ontology data-version: 3.6 [Term] id: XCO:0000000 name: experimental condition def: "A state of being, an external or environmental factor or a treatment observed or administered prior to or concurrent with an investigative procedure such as an assessment of a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or in a group of individuals or samples, especially a state, factor or treatment which has the potential to influence the outcome of such an assessment." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/, PMID:22654893] [Term] id: XCO:0000001 name: activity def: "The state of being involved in some action, either physical or mental." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000002 name: resting def: "A state in which the organism is not exhibiting any physical exertion." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity [Term] id: XCO:0000003 name: resting on treadmill def: "A state in which the organism is on an non-operating exercise machine in which there is an endless belt that moves when operational so that the organism can walk or run in place." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000002 ! resting [Term] id: XCO:0000004 name: walking on treadmill def: "The action of ambulation on an exercise apparatus with an endless moving belt on which the organism can walk in place." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000007 ! walking [Term] id: XCO:0000005 name: running on treadmill def: "The act of rapidly moving the feet on an exercise apparatus with an endless belt that allows the user to perform the action of running in place." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000008 ! running [Term] id: XCO:0000006 name: swimming def: "The action of moving one's appendages to propel oneself through water." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity [Term] id: XCO:0000007 name: walking def: "The act of ambulation, moving oneself forward on legs or on an exercise apparatus." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity [Term] id: XCO:0000008 name: running def: "Condition in which the major influencing factor is the action of rapid movement of feet that propels the organism forward or is done on an exercise machine so that the organism performs the activity in place." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity [Term] id: XCO:0000009 name: controlled atmosphere composition def: "An experimental condition in which the amount of one or more of the gases which make up the air surrounding an organism are controlled, or in which additional components are added to the air surrounding an organism, as part of the experiment on that organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000010 name: air oxygen content def: "A condition in which the oxygen level of the air surrounding an organism or breathed by the organism is controlled as part of the experiment." [RGD:MS] relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000009 ! controlled atmosphere composition [Term] id: XCO:0000011 name: air temperature def: "The degree of heat or cold of the air surrounding an organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000111 ! temperature exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000012 name: air carbon dioxide content def: "A condition in which the level of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding the organism or breathed by the organism is controlled as part of the experiment." [RGD:MS] relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000009 ! controlled atmosphere composition [Term] id: XCO:0000013 name: diet def: "The food and drink consumed by an organism day to day." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "Diet" RELATED [NCI:C15222] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000014 name: controlled content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of one or more elements of the diet are controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000019 ! solid diet [Term] id: XCO:0000015 name: controlled calorie content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the number of calories consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000016 name: standard rat chow is_a: XCO:0000069 ! standard diet [Term] id: XCO:0000017 name: nephrectomy def: "Surgical removal of kidney." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-11-02T02:06:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000018 name: bilateral nephrectomy def: "Surgical removal of both kidneys." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000017 ! nephrectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-11-02T02:07:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000019 name: solid diet def: "The solid food that is consumed by an organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000013 ! diet [Term] id: XCO:0000020 name: drink def: "A liquid consumed by an organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000013 ! diet [Term] id: XCO:0000021 name: water def: "The clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O), specifically, as supplied for drinking, that is, to be brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] synonym: "drinking water" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000020 ! drink [Term] id: XCO:0000022 name: controlled sodium content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of sodium consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000023 name: controlled ethanol content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of ethanol, the alcohol with chemical formula CH3-CH2-OH obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis which is the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, for consumption by an organism in an experiment." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000070 ! alcoholic drink is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000325 ! ethanol [Term] id: XCO:0000024 name: controlled iron content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of iron consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000025 name: controlled fat content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of fat consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000026 name: surgical removal def: "The process of ablating or extracting an organ, gland or other body part from an organism prior to, or in the process of, an experiment being performed on the organism." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000165 ! surgical manipulation [Term] id: XCO:0000027 name: surgical implantation def: "Any insertion of a tissue, material or device into the body using a procedure involving incision into the body." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000165 ! surgical manipulation [Term] id: XCO:0000028 name: caffeinated drink def: "A drink containing caffeine, one of the methylxanthines soluble in water and alcohol and obtainable from coffee, tea, guarana and mate." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000020 ! drink [Term] id: XCO:0000029 name: controlled carbohydrate content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of carbohydrates consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000030 name: controlled protein content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of protein consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000031 name: controlled calcium content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of calcium consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000032 name: controlled potassium content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of potassium consumed is controlled." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet [Term] id: XCO:0000033 name: housing condition is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000034 name: individual housing is_a: XCO:0000033 ! housing condition [Term] id: XCO:0000035 name: housing in pairs is_a: XCO:0000033 ! housing condition [Term] id: XCO:0000036 name: housing with socially dominant partner is_a: XCO:0000035 ! housing in pairs [Term] id: XCO:0000037 name: housing with socially subordinate partner is_a: XCO:0000035 ! housing in pairs [Term] id: XCO:0000038 name: radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to any type of energy transmitted by waves through space or through some medium or to a stream of particles, such as electrons or alpha particles." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000039 name: ionizing radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to transmitted energy composed of particles that individually carry enough kinetic energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation] is_a: XCO:0000038 ! radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000040 name: gamma ray exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to high frequency, high energy electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components. Gamma radiation is traditionally considered to have wavelengths less than 0.01 nm and are generally emitted by nuclei rather than by electrons." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray] synonym: "gamma radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000039 ! ionizing radiation exposure is_a: XCO:0000045 ! electromagnetic radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000041 name: radon exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to transmitted energy from the gaseous radioactive element, atomic number 86, resulting from decay of radium. Such radiation is composed of particles that individually carry enough kinetic energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation] is_a: XCO:0000039 ! ionizing radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000042 name: ultraviolet ray exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components, in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between about 10 and 400 nm. Ultraviolet radiation can be ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the wavelength." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation] synonym: "UV radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000045 ! electromagnetic radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000043 name: X-ray exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components, with wavelengths between approximately 0.01 and 10 nm." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation] synonym: "roentgen radiation exposure" EXACT [] synonym: "X-radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000039 ! ionizing radiation exposure is_a: XCO:0000045 ! electromagnetic radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000044 name: non-ionizing radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to transmitted energy that does not carry enough energy per quantum to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Such radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ionizing_radiation] is_a: XCO:0000038 ! radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000045 name: electromagnetic radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation includes, in order of decreasing wavelength, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation] is_a: XCO:0000038 ! radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000046 name: infrared radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components, with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, i.e. from approximately 750 nm to 1 mm." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation] synonym: "IR radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000044 ! non-ionizing radiation exposure is_a: XCO:0000045 ! electromagnetic radiation exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000047 name: sensory stimulus def: "An action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus and the voyage made by incoming nerve impulses from the sense organs to the nerve centers. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [MedicineNet:http\://www.medterms.com, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition [Term] id: XCO:0000048 name: auditory stimulus def: "Any action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus by organs and receptors involved in the sense of hearing. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000047 ! sensory stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000049 name: visual stimulus def: "Any action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus by the optical sense organs. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000047 ! sensory stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000050 name: olfactory stimulus def: "Any action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus, by organs or receptors involved in the sense of smell. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000047 ! sensory stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000051 name: taste stimulus def: "Any action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus by the gustatory receptors in the tongue. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000047 ! sensory stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000052 name: tactile stimulus def: "Any action or condition designed to cause the registration or perception of a stimulus by organs and receptors involved in the sense of touch. A stimulus is anything that excites or incites an organism or part thereof to function, become active, or respond." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000047 ! sensory stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000053 name: targeted heat exposure def: "An activity or condition involving a high temperature directed toward a particular part of an organism's body." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary] synonym: "heat exposure, targeted" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000308 ! heat exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000054 name: targeted cold exposure def: "An activity or condition involving a low temperature directed toward a particular part of an organism's body." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary] synonym: "cold exposure, targeted" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000306 ! cold exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000055 name: electric shock exposure def: "Stimulation of nerves through application of an electric current." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000052 ! tactile stimulus [Term] id: XCO:0000056 name: naive control condition def: "A baseline condition in which none of the experimental manipulations are performed." [RGD:MS] synonym: "standard condition" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000099 ! control condition [Term] id: XCO:0000057 name: rebreathed air def: "Breathing in again air which has been exhaled." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed] relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000009 ! controlled atmosphere composition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:47:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000058 name: room temperature ambient air def: "The temperature of the air surrounding an organism which is considered the most common level for the facility. For humans the temperature considered most comfortable for a room is between 18 and 27 degrees celsius." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000011 ! air temperature created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:49:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000059 name: physical activity def: "Action in which a part of the body or whole body is involved in movement." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000001 ! activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:50:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000060 name: mental activity def: "Being in a state of action within the mind often involving manipulation of words or numbers." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000001 ! activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:50:54Z [Term] id: XCO:0000061 name: serial subtraction exercise def: "An activity in which a person starts with a number and deducts a specified number from that and then deducts the same number from the remainder of the first computation, without using a calculator or pencil and paper." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000060 ! mental activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:51:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000062 name: cycling def: "The action of riding on a stationary or moving vehicle with wheels that is propelled by the movement of a person's legs." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:51:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000063 name: cycling, stationary def: "The act of propelling the wheel or wheels of a fixed exercise machine through the action of one's legs." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000062 ! cycling created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:52:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000064 name: cycling, non-stationary def: "The action of propelling a two wheeled vehicle by the movement of a person's legs." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000062 ! cycling created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:52:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000065 name: hand dynamometer activity def: "The action of squeezing an apparatus that measures the muscular contraction of the hand, used as a condition of exertion in experiments measuring other physiological functions." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:52:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000066 name: body position change def: "Change in position or attitude of body as part of the experiment in which measurements are taken before, during and/or after the change." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000081 ! body position created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:53:24Z [Term] id: XCO:0000067 name: body position change, seated to standing is_a: XCO:0000066 ! body position change created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:53:35Z [Term] id: XCO:0000068 name: body position change, supine to standing is_a: XCO:0000066 ! body position change created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:53:58Z [Term] id: XCO:0000069 name: standard diet is_a: XCO:0000019 ! solid diet created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2009-12-17T01:56:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000070 name: alcoholic drink def: "A drink containing ethanol, a transparent, colorless, volatile,flammable liquid, which is formed by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "ethanol" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000020 ! drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:10:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000071 name: beer def: "An alcoholic drink brewed by fermenting malt with sugar and yeast and flavored with hops." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000070 ! alcoholic drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:11:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000072 name: wine def: "Alcoholic drink made by fermenting the juice of grapes." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000070 ! alcoholic drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:11:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000073 name: liquor def: "Alcoholic beverage produced by distillation." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000070 ! alcoholic drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:11:33Z [Term] id: XCO:0000074 name: controlled caffeine content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of caffeine consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid that acts primarily as a central nervous system and metabolic stimulant, and also as a mild vasoconstrictor, diuretic, and bronchodilator." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine] is_a: XCO:0000028 ! caffeinated drink is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:15:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000075 name: tea is_a: XCO:0000028 ! caffeinated drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:15:42Z [Term] id: XCO:0000076 name: coffee def: "A drink made of the decoction or infusion of the dried, roasted sees of Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000028 ! caffeinated drink created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:15:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000077 name: tobacco use def: "The use of any product made for human consumption from Nicotiana tabacum." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000013 ! diet created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:17:37Z [Term] id: XCO:0000078 name: cigar smoking def: "The action of smoking, inhalation of the gases and hydrocarbon vapors generated by burning a cigar, a rolled cylinder of tobacco wrapped in tobacco leaves." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] synonym: "Cigar Smoking NCI Thesaurus" RELATED [NCI:C19702] is_a: XCO:0000077 ! tobacco use created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:17:52Z [Term] id: XCO:0000079 name: cigarette smoking def: "The action of smoking, inhalation of the gases and hydrocarbon vapors generated by burning a cigarette, a small roll of finely cut tobacco enclosed in a wrapper of thin paper." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] synonym: "Cigarette Smoking_NCI Thesaurus" RELATED [NCI:C18270] is_a: XCO:0000077 ! tobacco use created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:18:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000080 name: tobacco chewing def: "Mastication of a form of the prepared leaves of Nicotiana tabacum that is chewed." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000077 ! tobacco use created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-01-05T03:18:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000081 name: body position def: "The attitude or posture of the body." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "posture" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T09:05:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000082 name: sitting position def: "A position of rest in which the weight is largely supported by the buttocks, usually with the body vertical." [Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] synonym: "seated" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000081 ! body position created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T09:06:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000083 name: standing position def: "A position in which an organism is upright balanced on two legs for bipedal organisms or four legs for quadrapedal organisms." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000081 ! body position created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T09:06:49Z [Term] id: XCO:0000084 name: supine position def: "A position in which the organism is lying face up." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000081 ! body position created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T09:07:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000085 name: stationary bicycle dynamometer is_a: XCO:0000063 ! cycling, stationary created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T01:56:42Z [Term] id: XCO:0000086 name: exercise training program def: "A fixed series of exercises or body movements repeated at intervals over a specified period of time as part of a program to improve strength, aerobic capacity or other elements of fitness." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-03-04T02:09:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000087 name: specific pathogen-free conditions is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-06-29T03:35:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000088 name: chemical def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:00:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000089 name: neoplasm inducing chemical def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical, i.e., a substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules, which has the copacity to promote the formation of neoplasms, new and abnormal growths, specifically those in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "cancer inducing agent" RELATED [] synonym: "carcinogen" RELATED [] synonym: "neoplasm inducing agent" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:01:08Z [Term] id: XCO:0000090 name: 7,12-dimethyltetraphene (DMBA) def: "A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12- positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke." [CHEBI:254496] synonym: "7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene" RELATED [] synonym: "7,12-DMBA" RELATED [] synonym: "9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene" RELATED [] synonym: "DMBA" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:254496 xref: MeSH:D015127 is_a: XCO:0000093 ! polycyclic arene created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:01:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000091 name: steroid def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a naturally occurring compound or related synthetic analog with a molecular structure based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, that is, a phenanthrene, to the a side of which a three-carbon fragment is fused. According to the definition at the Chemical Entities of Biological Importance (ChEBI) database, \"By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred\" which expands the class to include molecules based on but not containing the cannonical arrangement of four fused cycloalkane rings." [CHEBI:35341, MediLexicon:http\://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=22261, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid] xref: CHEBI:35341 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:03:53Z [Term] id: XCO:0000092 name: 17 beta-estradiol def: "The predominant circulating form of estrogen, the female sex hormone." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol] synonym: "beta-estradiol" RELATED [] synonym: "CHEBI:16469" RELATED [] synonym: "CO47085" RELATED [] synonym: "E2" RELATED [] synonym: "estradiol" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000294 ! estrogen/estrogen analog created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:04:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000093 name: polycyclic arene def: "Any organic compound whose molecules are composed only of hydrogen, the element with atomic number 1, and carbon, the element with atomic number 12, and whose carbon atoms form continuous or closed chains linked by alternating double and single bonds that may be represented graphically by multiple interlinking circular or triangular forms." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] synonym: "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:33848 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000278 ! polycyclic hydrocarbon created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-01T01:07:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000094 name: ovariectomy def: "The removal of one or both ovaries, the female gonads, from an organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "oophorectomy" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T01:28:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000095 name: bilateral ovariectomy def: "Surgical removal of both ovaries." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000094 ! ovariectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T01:29:19Z [Term] id: XCO:0000096 name: unilateral ovariectomy def: "Surgical removal of a single ovary." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000094 ! ovariectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T01:29:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000097 name: right ovariectomy def: "Surgical removal of the right ovary." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000096 ! unilateral ovariectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T01:29:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000098 name: left ovariectomy def: "Surgical removal of the left ovary." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000096 ! unilateral ovariectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T01:30:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000099 name: control condition def: "A baseline condition in which the experimental observations or measurements may be evaluated." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T02:06:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000100 name: sham surgical control condition def: "A surgical treatment or procedure that is performed as a control and that is similar to but omits a key therapeutic element of the treatment or procedure under investigation." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000099 ! control condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T02:06:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000101 name: vehicle control condition def: "A treatment or procedure used as a control in which a saline or other solution is injected in the same manner as the experimental solution minus the key element of the experimental solution." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000099 ! control condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-02T02:07:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000102 name: fasting def: "Abstaining from the consumption of food, often for a specified period of time." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000013 ! diet created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-08T09:37:31Z [Term] id: XCO:0000103 name: glucose solution def: "A mixture in which molecules of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar (C6H12O6) which is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and the chief source of energy for living organisms, are distributed uniformly throughout another substance (the solvent), usually water, so that the mixture is homogeneous at the molecular level." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "dextrose solution" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000275 ! glucose created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-08T09:40:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000104 name: glucose solution, 2.8M def: "A mixture in which 2.8 moles of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar (C6H12O6) which is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and the chief source of energy for living organisms, are distributed uniformly throughout a sufficient volume of another substance (the solvent), usually water, so that the mixture is homogeneous at the molecular level and the final volume is one liter." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000103 ! glucose solution created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-08T09:40:19Z [Term] id: XCO:0000105 name: pancreatectomy def: "Surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas, the combined endocrine/exocrine gland situated transversely behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2010-11-10T02:19:58Z [Term] id: XCO:0000106 name: anesthetic/analgesic def: "Condition in which the main influencing factor is a drug or agent used to reduce or eliminate pain or sensation." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-01-21T09:44:08Z [Term] id: XCO:0000107 name: pentobarbital def: "Short to intermediate acting barbiturate used as a sedative and hypnotic." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-01-21T09:45:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000108 name: pentobarbital, sodium def: "Sodium salt of pentobarbital, a short to intermediate acting barbiturate used as a sedative and hypnotic." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000107 ! pentobarbital created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-01-21T09:46:40Z [Term] id: XCO:0000109 name: isoflurane def: "Potent inhalational anesthetic." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-01-21T09:48:47Z [Term] id: XCO:0000110 name: prone position def: "A position in which the organism is lying face down." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000081 ! body position created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-02-07T01:44:52Z [Term] id: XCO:0000111 name: temperature exposure is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-02-08T02:22:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000112 name: unilateral nephrectomy def: "Surgical removal of a single kidney." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000017 ! nephrectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-11-02T02:08:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000113 name: right nephrectomy def: "Surgical removal of the right kidney." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000112 ! unilateral nephrectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-11-02T02:11:31Z [Term] id: XCO:0000114 name: left nephrectomy def: "Surgical removal of the left kidney." [RGD:MS] is_a: XCO:0000112 ! unilateral nephrectomy created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2011-11-02T02:12:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000115 name: perfusate def: "Any fluid which is injected or pumped into, or poured through, an organ or tissue, usually via a blood vessel." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000340 ! solution created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2012-01-09T01:29:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000116 name: Kreb's solution perfusate def: "A buffered, aqueous solution usually containing the cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and anions chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate and phosphate and often including glucose as an energy source which is injected or pumped into, or poured through, an organ or tissue, usually via a blood vessel." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Sigma-Aldrich:http\://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/Product_Information_Sheet/1/k3753pis.Par.0001.File.tmp/k3753pis.pdf] synonym: "Krebs-Henseleit buffer perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "Krebs-Ringer buffer perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "Krebs-Ringer solution perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "Krebs–Henseleit solution perfusate" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000115 ! perfusate created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2012-01-09T01:29:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000117 name: saline solution perfusate def: "A fluid containing a specified amount of a chemical salt, for example sodium chloride, which is injected or pumped into, or poured through, an organ or tissue, usually via a blood vessel." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000115 ! perfusate created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2012-01-09T01:29:28Z [Term] id: XCO:0000118 name: perfusate suspended def: "A condition in which a fluid which has been injected or pumped into, or poured through, an organ or tissue, usually via a blood vessel, remains in but is no longer actively passed through the organ or tissue for a specified period of time." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000115 ! perfusate created_by: mshimoyama creation_date: 2012-01-09T01:29:47Z [Term] id: XCO:0000119 name: amino acid def: "Any naturally occurring or synthetic organic compound containing an amino group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain. An amino acid may be administered as a nutritional supplement or as a drug." [Wikipedia:http\://en.eikipedia.org/wiki/] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T12:55:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000120 name: inhibitor def: "A substance or compound which interferes with a chemical reaction or a molecular or physiological process or activity." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/inhibitor, RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T01:09:21Z [Term] id: XCO:0000121 name: NG-nitroarginine methyl ester def: "A basic amino acid, commonly known as L-NAME, used as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase." [MeSH:D019331] synonym: "CAS 51298-62-5" RELATED [] synonym: "CHEMBL7890 " RELATED [] synonym: "L-NAME" EXACT [] synonym: "MeSH:D019331" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:39836" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000119 ! amino acid is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T01:15:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000122 name: diuretic def: "A chemical which tends to increase the excretion of urine." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T01:51:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000123 name: sulfonamide def: "A compound containing a sulfonamide functional group. A sulfonamide functional group contains sulfonyl connected to an amine group and has the general structure R-S(=O)2-NH2. Sulfonamide also refers to several classes of drugs which include antimicrobial \"sulfa drugs\", anticonvulsants and the sulfonylureas and thiazide diuretics." [Wikipedia:http\://en.eikipedia.org/wiki/] synonym: "CHEBI:35358" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:35358 is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T01:52:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000124 name: furosemide def: "A diuretic drug which inhibits Nkcc2, one of the Na-K symporters and reduces the reabsorption of sodium chloride. Furosemide is used experimentally for sodium depletion." [Wikipedia:http\://en.eikipedia.org/wiki/] synonym: "Frusemide" RELATED [] synonym: "Lasix" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:3440" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:47426 is_a: XCO:0000122 ! diuretic is_a: XCO:0000123 ! sulfonamide created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T01:53:25Z [Term] id: XCO:0000125 name: hormone def: "A chemical substance which in its endogenous state is produced by an organ, cells of an organ or scattered cells, having a specific regulatory affect on the activity of an organ or tissue." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T02:54:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000126 name: angiotensin def: "A peptide hormone which increases blood pressure by causing blood vessel constriction. Part of the renin-angiotensin system." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000141 ! vasoconstrictor is_a: XCO:0000228 ! peptide hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T03:00:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000127 name: norepinephrine def: "A catecholamine neurotransmitter and stress hormone with multiple physiological roles including affects on heart rate, blood pressure and vascular tone." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "noradrenaline" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000141 ! vasoconstrictor is_a: XCO:0000144 ! neurotransmitter is_a: XCO:0000230 ! monoamine hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T03:01:05Z [Term] id: XCO:0000128 name: drink with chemical additive is_obsolete: true created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T03:23:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000129 name: water with NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester def: "Drinking water with a specified concentration of NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) added to it. L-NAME is used as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase." [PGA:Renal_protocol] synonym: "water with L-NAME" EXACT [] is_obsolete: true created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-02-16T03:23:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000130 name: ketamine def: "An analgesic and anesthetic which functions as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, binding to the allosteric site of the NMDA receptor and effectively inhibiting its channel." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:3821" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:6121 is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:33:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000131 name: xylazine def: "An alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylazine] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:5707" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:165540 xref: CHEMBL:297362 is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:34:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000132 name: acepromazine def: "A phenothiazine-derivative antipsychotic drug used in animals as a sedative and antiemetic and which can also cause peripheral vasodilation." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acepromazine] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:6077" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:44932 is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:39:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000133 name: antigen def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a chemical compound to which the body can mount a specific localized or systemic immune reaction, e.g. a T cell or B cell response." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed, RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:42:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000134 name: methacholine def: "A synthetic choline ester that acts as a non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist, that is, a chemical which when bound to the receptor produces a physiologic reaction typical of the naturally occurring ligand, in the parasympathetic nervous system." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methacholine] xref: CHEBI:6804 is_a: XCO:0000135 ! receptor agonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:45:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000135 name: receptor agonist def: "A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor to produce a physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring substance. A receptor is a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect in the cell." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000214 ! activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:46:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000136 name: enzyme substrate is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:48:19Z [Term] id: XCO:0000137 name: FAPGG def: "An oligopeptide substrate for continuous spectrophotometric assay of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which hydrolyzes FAPGG to furylacryloylphenylalanine (FAP) and glycylglycine with a resulting decrease in absorbance at 340 nm." [Website:http\://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/f7131?lang=en®ion=US, Website:http\://www.trinitybiotech.com/Product%20Documents/305-10-29%20EN.pdf] synonym: "3-(2-FurylAcryloyl)-L-PHE-GLY-GLY" EXACT [] synonym: "FurylAcrylolPhenylalanylGlycylGlycine" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:6438387" RELATED [] xref: CAS:64566-61-6 is_a: XCO:0000136 ! enzyme substrate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:48:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000138 name: methylene blue def: "Methylene blue is monoamine oxidase inhibitor and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, as well as a cationic dye used as a redox indicator." [RGD:SL] synonym: "methylthioninium chloride" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:6099" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:6872 is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor is_a: XCO:0000199 ! oxidation-reduction indicator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:51:22Z [Term] id: XCO:0000139 name: vasoactive chemical def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a molecule that directly or indirectly acts upon blood vessels to cause constriction or dilation." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:53:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000140 name: vasodilator def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a molecule that functions to dilate or increase the interior diameter of blood vessels." [Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine] is_a: XCO:0000139 ! vasoactive chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:55:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000141 name: vasoconstrictor def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a molecule that acts to constrict or reduce the interior diameter of blood vessels." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "vasopressor" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000139 ! vasoactive chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:56:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000142 name: sodium nitroprusside def: "The red-coloured inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O used as a potent vasodilator." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside] synonym: "disodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate(2-) dehydrate" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:11953891" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:11963579" RELATED [] synonym: "sodium nitroferricyanide" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29321 is_a: XCO:0000140 ! vasodilator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T07:58:24Z [Term] id: XCO:0000143 name: acetylcholine def: "An organic, polyatomic cation, formed as an ester of acetic acid and choline, that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:187" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:15355 is_a: XCO:0000140 ! vasodilator is_a: XCO:0000144 ! neurotransmitter created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T08:00:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000144 name: neurotransmitter is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T08:01:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000145 name: phenylephrine def: "A selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil, and as a vasoconstrictor." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylephrine] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:6041" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:8093 is_a: XCO:0000135 ! receptor agonist is_a: XCO:0000141 ! vasoconstrictor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-15T08:02:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000146 name: controlled oxygen content Kreb's solution perfusate def: "A buffered, aqueous solution usually containing the cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and anions chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate and phosphate and often including glucose as an energy source in which a specified amount of the tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for aerobic respiration with atomic number 8 has been dissolved, which is injected or pumped into, or poured through, an organ or tissue, usually via a blood vessel." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Sigma-Aldrich:http\://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/Product_Information_Sheet/1/k3753pis.Par.0001.File.tmp/k3753pis.pdf] synonym: "controlled oxygen content Krebs-Henseleit buffer perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled oxygen content Krebs-Ringer buffer perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled oxygen content Krebs-Ringer solution perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled oxygen content Krebs–Henseleit solution perfusate" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000116 ! Kreb's solution perfusate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-21T02:07:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000147 name: physiological salt solution perfusate def: "A fluid which is injected or pumped into an organ or tissue, usually via blood vessels, composed of a solution of sodium chloride at a concentration which closely approximates the osmolarity of salt in blood." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_%28medicine%29#Normal] synonym: "normal saline perfusate" RELATED [] synonym: "PSS" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000117 ! saline solution perfusate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-21T02:18:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000148 name: controlled oxygen content physiological salt solution perfusate def: "A fluid which is injected or pumped into an organ or tissue, usually via blood vessels, composed of a solution of sodium chloride at a concentration which closely approximates the osmolarity of salt in blood, and which contains a specific, controlled concentration of oxygen gas, the tasteless, odorless, colorless gas with atomic number 8 essential for aerobic respiration, dissolved in it." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_%28medicine%29#Normal] synonym: "oxygenated PSS" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000147 ! physiological salt solution perfusate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-21T02:19:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000149 name: ion/salt def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and thereby acquired a charge, or is any of a large class of chemical compounds formed when a positively charged ion (a cation) bonds with a negatively charged ion (an anion)." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-23T07:25:49Z [Term] id: XCO:0000150 name: potassium ion def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is an atom of potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19, that has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1. Potassium is the chief cation of intracellular fluid." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] comment: Not used for potassium salt in animal feed. For that application XCO:0000032, "controlled potassium content diet" is used. synonym: "K+ ion" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29103 is_a: XCO:0000149 ! ion/salt created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-23T07:31:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000151 name: chemical time series is_a: XCO:0000088 ! chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-23T08:10:45Z [Term] id: XCO:0000152 name: drug dose time series def: "The condition of exposing an organism, organ or tissue to a series of increasing or decreasing doses of a drug or other chemical from which a single measurement value is obtained." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000151 ! chemical time series created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-23T08:11:18Z [Term] id: XCO:0000153 name: sample resting period def: "A predetermined and specified amount of time during which an experimental specimen sits undisturbed, for example to allow a chemical reacion to proceed." [RGD:JRS] synonym: "sample room temperature incubation" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-26T10:46:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000154 name: ion/salt solution def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of one or more ions, i.e. atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electron(s) and thereby acquired a charge, or one or more salts, i.e. members of the large class of chemical compounds formed when a positively charged ion (a cation) bonds with a negatively charged ion (an anion), dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000149 ! ion/salt is_a: XCO:0000340 ! solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-26T04:34:54Z [Term] id: XCO:0000155 name: sodium chloride solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "saline solution" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:26710 is_a: XCO:0000254 ! sodium ion solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-26T04:36:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000156 name: 0.9% sodium chloride solution synonym: "0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection" RELATED [] synonym: "normal saline" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:26710 is_a: XCO:0000155 ! sodium chloride solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-03-26T04:56:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000157 name: physical restraint def: "The use of manual or mechanical means to limit some or all of an animal's normal movement for the purpose of examination, collection of samples, drug administration, therapy, or experimental manipulation." [NIH:http\://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/Guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-Laboratory-animals.pdf] is_a: XCO:0000059 ! physical activity created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-06-07T12:30:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000158 name: physical restraint in mechanical restrainer def: "The use of mechanical means, i.e. a manufactured apparatus or machine, to limit some or all of an animal's normal movements." [NIH:http\://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/Guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-Laboratory-animals.pdf, RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000157 ! physical restraint created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-06-07T12:42:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000159 name: physical restraint in tube type rodent restrainer def: "The use of a tube type rodent restrainer, that is, a hollow cylinder usually made of a rigid clear material in a size that approximates the size of the animal and can be capped at one or both ends to prevent escape, to limit some or all of an animal's normal movements." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, NIH:http\://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/Guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-Laboratory-animals.pdf] is_a: XCO:0000158 ! physical restraint in mechanical restrainer created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-06-07T12:43:33Z [Term] id: XCO:0000160 name: receptor antagonist def: "A substance that binds to a receptor without eliciting a biological response, blocking binding of substances that could elicit such responses." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-03T03:15:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000161 name: losartan def: "Angiotensin receptor antagonist and vasodilator which consists of a biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position. Losartan also has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position." [CHEBI:6541] xref: CHEBI:6541 is_a: XCO:0000140 ! vasodilator is_a: XCO:0000160 ! receptor antagonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-09T10:53:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000162 name: pentolinium def: "Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, ganglionic blocking agent and vasodilator which consists of a dication whose structure comprises a pentane backbone linking two 1-methylpyrrolidinium groups." [CHEBI:347401] xref: CHEBI:347401 xref: CHEBI:55326 is_a: XCO:0000140 ! vasodilator is_a: XCO:0000160 ! receptor antagonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-09T10:58:54Z [Term] id: XCO:0000163 name: controlled content drinking water def: "Drinking water in which the amount of one or more solutes are adjusted to a requirement." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000021 ! water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-09T11:14:14Z [Term] id: XCO:0000164 name: controlled sodium content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of sodium, i.e. sodium ions, consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. A sodium ion is an atom of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000254 ! sodium ion solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-09T11:19:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000165 name: surgical manipulation def: "Any process involving manual and instrumental techniques for incision or excision of a part of an organism to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T01:38:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000166 name: controlled in situ organ condition def: "Any experimental condition in which the internal or external environment of an organ, that is, a differentiated, structural part of a system of the body that performs a specific function, is experimentally manipulated, for example through perfusion, increased or decreased blood flow, etc. without removal from the body." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/, RGD:JRS, RGD:MRD] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T02:55:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000167 name: controlled in situ kidney condition def: "Any experimental condition in which the internal or external environment of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is experimentally manipulated, for example through perfusion, increased or decreased blood flow, etc. without removal from the body." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000166 ! controlled in situ organ condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T03:01:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000168 name: controlled in situ renal perfusion pressure def: "Condition in which the difference in pressure between the arteries and veins in the kidney, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is experimentally regulated, for example by injecting or pumping a fluid into the kidney at a specified pressure or by regulating the blood flow through the kidney, without removal of the organ from the body." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000167 ! controlled in situ kidney condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T03:07:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000169 name: labeled chemical def: "Any chemical to which a tracer has been added such as the addition of a fluorescent tag or inclusion of a radioactive element during synthesis." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T03:39:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000170 name: fluorescently labeled chemical def: "Chemical to which a fluorescent tag has been added as a tracer." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000169 ! labeled chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T03:51:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000171 name: radioactively labeled chemical def: "Chemical into which a radioactive element has been incorporated as a tracer." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000169 ! labeled chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T03:53:33Z [Term] id: XCO:0000172 name: carbohydrate def: "Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] xref: CHEBI:16646 is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T04:09:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000173 name: polysaccharide def: "A macromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues, that is, simple carbohydrate residues each consisting of a single basic sugar unit with the general formula Cn(H2O)n, linked glycosidically." [CHEBI:18154, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] xref: CHEBI:18154 is_a: XCO:0000172 ! carbohydrate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T04:13:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000174 name: inulin def: "A fructose-based starch derived from rhizomes of plants from the Compositae family and used as a diagnostic aid in tests of kidney function, specifically glomerular filtration." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] xref: CHEBI:15443 is_a: XCO:0000173 ! polysaccharide created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T04:15:22Z [Term] id: XCO:0000175 name: tritiated inulin def: "Inulin, a fructose-based starch derived from rhizomes of plants from the Compositae family and used as a diagnostic aid in tests of kidney function, specifically glomerular filtration, into which the mass 3 radioactive isotope of hydrogen has been incorporated as a tracer." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Saunders:Saunders_Comprehensive_Veterinary_Dictionary--3rd_Ed] synonym: "3H-inulin" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000171 ! radioactively labeled chemical is_a: XCO:0000174 ! inulin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-11T04:18:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000176 name: enzyme def: "Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as specialized catalysts for biochemical reactions." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000193 ! peptide/protein created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-12T05:06:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000177 name: thrombin def: "An enzyme in blood formed from prothrombin that facilitates blood clotting by reacting with fibrinogen to form fibrin, as well as participating in additional steps in the coagulation pathway." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin] xref: EC:3.4.21.5 is_a: XCO:0000176 ! enzyme created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-12T05:13:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000178 name: thapsigargin def: "A non-competitive inhibitor the sarco / endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) class of enzymes. Acts as a non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoter and acts as an inhibitor of calcium ATPase of endoplasmic reticulum, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium ions." [Mondofacto:Mondofacto_Online_Medical_Dictionary, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thapsigargin] xref: CHEBI:9516 is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-12T05:24:18Z [Term] id: XCO:0000179 name: ionizing ultraviolet radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components, with wavelengths between 10 and 120 nm. Radiation (i.e. ultraviolet light) at this wavelength is considered ionizing, that is, composed of photons that individually carry enough energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule without raising the bulk material to ionization temperature." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation] synonym: "extreme ultraviolet ray exposure" RELATED [] synonym: "extreme UV ray exposure" RELATED [] synonym: "ionizing UV radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000039 ! ionizing radiation exposure is_a: XCO:0000042 ! ultraviolet ray exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T12:39:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000180 name: non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation exposure def: "The condition of being subjected to electromagnetic radiation, that is, energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels and has both electric and magnetic field components, with wavelengths between 120 and 400 nm. Radiation (i.e. ultraviolet light) at this wavelength does not have sufficient energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules although it can induce photochemical reactions, or accelerate radical reactions." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Radiation, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet] synonym: "near ultraviolet radiation exposure" NARROW [] synonym: "non-ionizing UV radiation exposure" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000042 ! ultraviolet ray exposure is_a: XCO:0000044 ! non-ionizing radiation exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T01:00:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000181 name: controlled visible light condition def: "Condition in which the presence or absence of visible light, that is, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 (violet) and 770 (red) nanometers, capable of stimulating the subjective sensation of sight, is constrained." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T02:59:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000182 name: controlled exposure to ambient light def: "Condition in which the natural, usual or environmental level and/or time of exposure to visible light, that is, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 (violet) and 770 (red) nanometers, capable of stimulating the subjective sensation of sight, is controlled." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] synonym: "diurnal condition" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000284 ! controlled visible light exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T03:09:31Z [Term] id: XCO:0000183 name: controlled exposure to darkness def: "Condition during which visible light, that is, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 (violet) and 770 (red) nanometers, capable of stimulating the subjective sensation of sight, is removed." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] synonym: "nocturnal condition" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000181 ! controlled visible light condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T03:12:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000184 name: calcium ion def: "The divalent cation of calcium, the chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium] xref: CHEBI:29108 is_a: XCO:0000149 ! ion/salt created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T03:19:56Z [Term] id: XCO:0000185 name: calcium ion solution def: "A solution of the divalent cation of calcium, the chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium] xref: CHEBI:29108 is_a: XCO:0000154 ! ion/salt solution is_a: XCO:0000184 ! calcium ion created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-13T03:25:32Z [Term] id: XCO:0000186 name: cytisine def: "A toxic selective nicotinic cholinergic alkaloid from the seed of Laburnum anagyroides and other Leguminosae. Used in pharmacological studies of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the brain." [Mondofacto:Mondofacto_Online_Medical_Dictionary] synonym: "baptitoxine" RELATED [] synonym: "sophorine" RELATED [] xref: CASRN:485-35-8 is_a: XCO:0000135 ! receptor agonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-30T08:40:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000187 name: trimethaphan camsylate def: "A drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia by acting as a non-depolarizing competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethaphan_camsylate] synonym: "Arfonad" RELATED [] synonym: "trimetaphan camsilate" EXACT [] xref: CASRN:7187-66-8 xref: CHEBI:9729 is_a: XCO:0000160 ! receptor antagonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-30T08:54:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000188 name: darodipine def: "Calcium channel blocker." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darodipine] synonym: "PY 108-068" RELATED [] xref: CASRN:72803-02-2 is_a: XCO:0000269 ! calcium channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-07-30T09:01:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000189 name: physical restraint on immobilization board def: "Immobilization of a subject on a frame or platform by securing all four limbs to it, e.g. by taping them to mounts attached to the frame, thereby eliminating the subject's ability to move at will." [Fink:Encyclopedia_of_Stress] is_a: XCO:0000158 ! physical restraint in mechanical restrainer created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-08-01T04:38:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000190 name: angiotensin I def: "The 10 amino acid cleavage product produced by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Ang I is apparently inactive unless further cleaved by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) into Ang II." [PMID:18793332] is_a: XCO:0000126 ! angiotensin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-08-09T01:48:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000191 name: angiotensin II def: "The 8 amino acid cleavage product produced by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) on Ang I. Ang II is considered to be the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has endocrine, autocrine/paracrine, and intracrine hormone activities in the body and acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor." [PMID:18793332] xref: CHEBI:48432 is_a: XCO:0000126 ! angiotensin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-08-09T01:58:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000192 name: deoxycorticosterone acetate def: "The acetate ester of 11-deoxycorticosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone] synonym: "21-hydroxyprogesterone acetate" RELATED [] synonym: "desoxycorticosterone acetate" RELATED [] synonym: "DOCA" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:16973 is_a: XCO:0000330 ! deoxycorticosterone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-08-09T02:19:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000193 name: peptide/protein def: "Any natural or synthetic complex organic macromolecule composed of chain(s) of amino acids. A peptide can be contain as few as two amino acids; a protein can contain multiple chains composed of hundreds of amino acids." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "polypeptide" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2012-08-27T04:50:37Z [Term] id: XCO:0000194 name: antibody def: "An immunoglobulin molecule having a specific amino acid sequence that gives each antibody the ability to adhere to and interact only with the antigen that induced its synthesis and with molecules containing structures similar to that antigen. An antigen is any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response, including but not limited to toxins, bacterial proteins and viruses." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] synonym: "immunoglobulin" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000193 ! peptide/protein created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2012-08-27T05:01:08Z [Term] id: XCO:0000195 name: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein def: "A membrane protein expressed on the oligodendrocyte cell surface and the outermost surface of myelin sheaths. Due to this localization, it is considered a primary target antigen involved in immune-mediated demyelination." [NCBI_Gene:4340] synonym: "Mog" RELATED [] synonym: "RGD:3102" NARROW [] synonym: "rMog (recombinant Mog)" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000193 ! peptide/protein created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2012-08-27T05:05:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000196 name: glybenclamide def: "ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor used as an anti-arrhythmia drug and a hypoglycemic/anti-diabetes drug. In the latter case, the drug causes beta cell membrane depolarization, which in turn results in opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels and subsequent insulin release." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glibenclamide] synonym: "glyburide" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:5441 is_a: XCO:0000225 ! potassium channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T11:39:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000197 name: indicator def: "Any substance that indicates the presence, absence, or concentration of another substance or the degree of reaction between substances by means of a characteristic change, especially in color." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T12:25:59Z [Term] id: XCO:0000198 name: pH indicator def: "Any substance that indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions, that is the acidity level, of a solution by means of a characteristic change, especially in color." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000197 ! indicator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T12:30:07Z [Term] id: XCO:0000199 name: oxidation-reduction indicator def: "Any substance which indicates the oxidation status of another substance or of a reaction by means of a characteristic change, especially in color." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "redox indicator" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000197 ! indicator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T12:34:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000200 name: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid def: "A monocarboxylic acid that serves as an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine and a substrate for NADPH-dependent dehydrogenases." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Ketoisocaproic_acid] synonym: "2-Oxoisocaproate" EXACT [] synonym: "4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid" EXACT [] synonym: "alpha-ketoisocaproic acid " EXACT [] synonym: "alpha-KIC" RELATED [] synonym: "Ketoleucine" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:70" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:48430 is_a: XCO:0000136 ! enzyme substrate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T12:50:31Z [Term] id: XCO:0000201 name: orchiectomy def: "Surgical removal of one or both testes." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "orchidectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "testectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T01:13:58Z [Term] id: XCO:0000202 name: unilateral orchiectomy def: "Surgical removal of a single testis." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "unilateral orchidectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "unilateral testectomy" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000201 ! orchiectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T01:18:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000203 name: bilateral orchiectomy def: "Surgical removal of both testes." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "bilateral orchidectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "bilateral testectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "castration" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000201 ! orchiectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T01:20:16Z [Term] id: XCO:0000204 name: testosterone def: "The principal androgenic, that is, male sex hormone. Responsible for regulation of gonadotropic secretion, spermatogenesis and control of other male characteristics." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000229 ! steroid hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-10T01:41:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000205 name: mutation inducing chemical def: "An agent that causes or increases the frequency of permanent, heritable changes in the DNA sequence or chromosomal structure of a cell or organism." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "mutagen" EXACT [] synonym: "mutation inducing agent" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-11T04:39:32Z [Term] id: XCO:0000206 name: N-nitrosodiethylamine def: "A component of tobacco smoke which has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal studies." [PMID:8910949] synonym: "diethylnitrosamine" RELATED [] synonym: "N,N-diethylnitrosamine" RELATED [] synonym: "NDEA" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-11T05:01:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000207 name: 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene def: "A potent liver carcinogen." [Website:http\://potency.berkeley.edu/chempages/3%27-METHYL-4-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE.html] synonym: "3'-Me-DAB" RELATED [] synonym: "4-Dimethylamino-3'-methylazobenzene" EXACT [] synonym: "CAS_RN:55-80-1" RELATED [] synonym: "MDAB" RELATED [] synonym: "methyldimethylaminoazobenzene" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:5934" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-11T05:33:14Z [Term] id: XCO:0000208 name: 2-acetylaminofluorene is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:33:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000209 name: hepatectomy is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:34:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000210 name: partial hepatectomy is_a: XCO:0000209 ! hepatectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:34:52Z [Term] id: XCO:0000211 name: controlled sucrose content diet is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:36:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000212 name: controlled copper content diet is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:36:56Z [Term] id: XCO:0000213 name: arginine is_a: XCO:0000119 ! amino acid created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-09-13T06:45:59Z [Term] id: XCO:0000214 name: activator def: "Any substance that makes another substance active or reactive, induces a chemical reaction, or combines with an enzyme to increase its catalytic activity." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T05:09:16Z [Term] id: XCO:0000215 name: controlled calcium ion content physiological salt solution perfusate def: "A fluid which is injected or pumped into an organ or tissue, usually via blood vessels, composed of a solution of sodium chloride at a concentration which closely approximates the osmolarity of salt in blood, and which contains a specific, controlled concentration of calcium ions, divalent cations of the metallic chemical element with atomic number 20, dissolved in it." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_%28medicine%29#Normal] is_a: XCO:0000147 ! physiological salt solution perfusate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T11:11:47Z [Term] id: XCO:0000216 name: ion channel activator def: "Any chemical substance which increases the activity of an ion channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of specific ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "ion channel agonist" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000214 ! activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T05:16:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000217 name: cation channel activator def: "Any chemical substance which increases the activity of a cation channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of positively charged ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000216 ! ion channel activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T05:40:42Z [Term] id: XCO:0000218 name: 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate def: "A phorbol ester analog that is an activator of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4) channels." [Website:http\://www.lclabs.com/PRODFILE/P-R/P-2170.php4] synonym: " 4-alpha-PDD" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:452544" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:295732 is_a: XCO:0000217 ! cation channel activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T05:41:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000219 name: dihydrocapsaicin def: "A capsaicinoid which is an irritant and a selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1) agonist." [Website:http\://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-202578.pdf] synonym: "8-Methyl-N-vanillylnonanamide" EXACT [] synonym: "DHC" RELATED [] synonym: "N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-8-methylnonanamide" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:46932 is_a: XCO:0000217 ! cation channel activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T06:08:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000220 name: anion channel agonist def: "Any chemical substance which increases the activity of an anion channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of negatively charged ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000216 ! ion channel activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T06:11:24Z [Term] id: XCO:0000221 name: ion channel inhibitor def: "Any chemical substance which decreases or interferes with the activity of an ion channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of specific ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "ion channel antagonist" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-04T06:13:42Z [Term] id: XCO:0000222 name: cation channel inhibitor def: "Any chemical substance which decreases or interferes with the activity of a cation channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of positively charged ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "cation channel antagonist" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000221 ! ion channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T10:45:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000223 name: anion channel inhibitor def: "Any chemical substance which decreases or interferes with the activity of an anion channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that allow diffusion of negatively charged ions across a cell membrane." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "anion channel antagonist" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000221 ! ion channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T10:48:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000224 name: ruthenium red def: "An inorganic dye which also intereacts with many types of proteins including ion channels and enzymes." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium_red] synonym: "ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride" EXACT [] synonym: "RuR" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:34956 is_a: XCO:0000222 ! cation channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T11:03:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000225 name: potassium channel inhibitor def: "Any chemical substance which decreases or interferes with the activity of a potassium ion channel, that is, a complex of membrane-bound and membrane-spanning proteins that specifically allow diffusion of positively charged potassium ions across a cell membrane." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel] is_a: XCO:0000222 ! cation channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T11:29:50Z [Term] id: XCO:0000226 name: apamin def: "An 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin from bee venom which blocks small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apamin] synonym: "apamine" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:16129677" RELATED [] xref: UniProtKB:P01500 is_a: XCO:0000225 ! potassium channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T11:41:19Z [Term] id: XCO:0000227 name: charybdotoxin def: "A 37 amino acid peptide neurotoxin from scorpion venom that is a blocker of large- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charybdotoxin] synonym: "ChTX" RELATED [] synonym: "ChTx-a" RELATED [] synonym: "ChTX-Lq1" RELATED [] xref: UniProtKB:P13487 is_a: XCO:0000225 ! potassium channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-05T11:53:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000228 name: peptide hormone def: "A molecular chain compound composed of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds that in its endogenous state is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000125 ! hormone is_a: XCO:0000193 ! peptide/protein created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-15T04:30:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000229 name: steroid hormone def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical substance the structure of which is based on the basic 17-carbon-atom ring system steroid nucleus but may or may not have the characteristic arrangement of four fused cycloalkane rings, and which is produced in its endogenous state by an organ, cells of an organ or scattered cells, having a specific regulatory affect on the activity of an organ or tissue." [CHEBI:35341, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] xref: CHEBI:26764 is_a: XCO:0000091 ! steroid is_a: XCO:0000125 ! hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-15T04:36:54Z [Term] id: XCO:0000230 name: monoamine hormone def: "A chemical substance consisting of an amine compound which contains one amino group and was derived from an aromatic amino acid, that in its endogenous state is produced in one part or organ of the body and initiates or regulates the activity of an organ or a group of cells in another part of the body." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000125 ! hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-15T04:51:18Z [Term] id: XCO:0000231 name: anti-RT6.1 antibody def: "Antibody directed against the RT6.1 cell surface alloantigen (also known as ART2, Pta.A2, and Ag-F1). RT6.1 is an allelic form of the RT6 antigen which is expressed on most peripheral T cells but not on thymocytes." [PMID:7559400] synonym: "anti-ADP-ribosyltransferase 2 antibody" EXACT [] synonym: "anti-Art2.1 mAb" RELATED [] synonym: "Art2 antibody" EXACT [] synonym: "DS4.23 mAb" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000194 ! antibody created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T12:39:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000232 name: nucleic acid def: "A high-molecular-weight polymeric compound composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T01:26:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000233 name: ribonucleic acid def: "A long, polymeric chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. Although RNA is usually single-stranded it can also exist as RNA:RNA or RNA:DNA double strands." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] synonym: "RNA" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000232 ! nucleic acid created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T02:15:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000234 name: deoxyribonucleic acid def: "A long, polymeric chain of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine bonded to the deoxyribose. DNA can be single stranded or double stranded, that is, composed of either a single polymer or a pair of antiparallel polymers joined by hydrogen bonding between complementary bases." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] synonym: "DNA" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000232 ! nucleic acid created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T02:22:54Z [Term] id: XCO:0000235 name: Poly I:C def: "Poly I:C is a synthetic analog of dsRNA, which is the ligand of choice for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Poly(I:C) is composed of a strand of poly(I) annealed to a strand of poly(C)." [Website:http\://www.invivogen.com/tlr3-ligands?gclid=CLDYv5u4wLICFahaMgod_H8AGg] synonym: "polyinosine-polycytidylic acid" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000233 ! ribonucleic acid created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T02:34:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000236 name: pathogen def: "An biological agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000258 ! disease inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T03:04:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000237 name: viral pathogen def: "A virus which has the potential to cause disease. A virus is one of a group of heterogeneous infective agents characterized by their lack of independent metabolism, their inability to replicate outside a host cell, their simple organization and their unique mode of replication. A virus consists of genetic material--either DNA or RNA--surrounded by a protein coat and, in some cases, by a membranous envelope." [Saunders:Saunders_Comprehensive_Veterinary_Dictionary--3rd_Ed] synonym: "virus" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000236 ! pathogen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T03:06:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000238 name: Kilham rat virus def: "A common parvovirus pathogen which causes largely asymptomatic infections in rats. KRV can be used to model environmental influences in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus." [PMID:19720792, Website:http\://www.criver.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/rm_ld_r_Rat_Parvoviruses.pdf] synonym: "KRV" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000237 ! viral pathogen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T03:20:45Z [Term] id: XCO:0000239 name: toxic substance def: "A chemical or biological substance which is capable of causing illness, debilitation or death, to living organisms, tissues or cells." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed] synonym: "poison" RELATED [] synonym: "toxic chemical" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T03:57:33Z [Term] id: XCO:0000240 name: toxin def: "A protein or conjugated protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, that is highly poisonous for other living organisms." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000239 ! toxic substance created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T04:07:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000241 name: streptozotocin def: "A naturally occurring chemical that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in mammals. STZ can be used to treat pancreatic islet cell cancers and to model type 1 diabetes mellitus in animals via destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptozotocin] synonym: "streptozocin" EXACT [] synonym: "STZ" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:9288 is_a: XCO:0000239 ! toxic substance created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T04:09:16Z [Term] id: XCO:0000242 name: alloxan def: "An oxygenated pyrimidine derivative which is toxic to the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in rodents and other animals and can therefore be used for modeling type 1 diabetes mellitus through destruction of the beta cells." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloxan] synonym: "2,4,5,6-pyrimidinetetrone" EXACT [] synonym: "5-Oxobarbituric acid" EXACT [] synonym: "alloxane" EXACT [] synonym: "mesoxalylurea" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:5781" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000239 ! toxic substance created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T04:29:35Z [Term] id: XCO:0000243 name: partial pancreatectomy def: "Surgical removal of a portion of the pancreas, resulting in reduction but not elimination of the physiological functions of the pancreas." [Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine] synonym: "subtotal pancreatectomy" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000105 ! pancreatectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T04:49:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000244 name: controlled fructose content diet def: "A solid diet in which the amount of fructose, the monosaccharide found in honey and many sweet fruits which chemically combines with glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose, is maintained at a specified level." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T05:00:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000245 name: insulin def: "A protein hormone formed from proinsulin in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The major fuel-regulating hormone, it is secreted into the blood in response to a rise in concentration of blood glucose or amino acids. Insulin promotes the storage of glucose and the uptake of amino acids, increases protein and lipid synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000228 ! peptide hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-10-16T05:04:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000246 name: controlled cholesterol content diet def: "A regimen of solid food in which the amount of cholesterol, a steroid alcohol found in animal fats and oils, is controlled." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:42:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000247 name: controlled olive oil content diet def: "A regimen of solid food to which a specified amount of olive oil has been added." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:44:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000248 name: kidney transplant def: "A surgical procedure in which one or both kidneys from a donor organism are implanted into a recipient organism." [Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine] synonym: "kidney transplantation" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000027 ! surgical implantation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:46:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000249 name: left kidney transplant def: "A surgical procedure in which the left kidney from a donor organism is implanted into a recipient organism." [Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine] is_a: XCO:0000248 ! kidney transplant created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:51:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000250 name: right kidney transplant def: "A surgical procedure in which the right kidney from a donor organism is implanted into a recipient organism." [Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine] is_a: XCO:0000248 ! kidney transplant created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:53:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000251 name: secretagogue def: "Any agent that induces exocrine, endocrine, or paracrine secretion." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000214 ! activator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:55:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000252 name: tolbutamide def: "A first generation potassium channel blocker and sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drug which stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolbutamide] is_a: XCO:0000225 ! potassium channel inhibitor is_a: XCO:0000251 ! secretagogue created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2012-11-30T15:56:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000253 name: sodium ion def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is an atom of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] comment: Not used for sodium salt in animal feed. For that application XCO:0000022, "controlled sodium content diet" is used. synonym: "Na+ ion" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29101 is_a: XCO:0000149 ! ion/salt created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-02-28T13:11:25Z [Term] id: XCO:0000254 name: sodium ion solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "Na+ ion solution" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29101 is_a: XCO:0000154 ! ion/salt solution is_a: XCO:0000253 ! sodium ion created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-02-28T18:54:08Z [Term] id: XCO:0000255 name: anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody def: "An immunoglobulin molecule or a preparation of multiple antibody molecules having specific amino acid sequences with the ability to adhere to and interact specifically with one or more components of the structure located between endothelial cells of renal capillaries and the visceral epithelial cells of the kidney glomerulus." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed, Saunders:Saunders_Comprehensive_Veterinary_Dictionary--3rd_Ed] synonym: "anti-GBM antibody" RELATED [] synonym: "nephritogenic monoclonal antibody b35" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000194 ! antibody created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T11:49:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000256 name: isoproterenol def: "A drug which is structurally similar to epinephrine and that binds to beta-adrenergic receptors to produce a physiologic reaction similar to or the same as that of epinephrine." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline#Chemistry] synonym: "isoprenaline" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:64317 is_a: XCO:0000135 ! receptor agonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T12:37:50Z [Term] id: XCO:0000257 name: controlled hydrogen ion content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water containing a specified amount of hydrogen ions, the chemical element with atomic number 1 that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, for consumption by an organism in an experiment. Adjusting the amount of hydrogen ions adjusts the acidity, i.e. the pH of the drinking water." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] synonym: "controlled acidity water" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled pH water" RELATED [] synonym: "water with adjusted pH" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T16:10:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000258 name: disease inducing agent def: "Any phenomenon, chemical or biologic substance, or organism that exerts some force or effect resulting in a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T16:24:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000259 name: disease inducing chemical def: "A substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules that exerts some force or effect resulting in a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000258 ! disease inducing agent is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T16:30:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000260 name: peptide/protein antigen def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a peptide or protein, that is, any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, capable of inducing a specific localized and/or systemic immune response." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] synonym: "antigenic protein" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen is_a: XCO:0000193 ! peptide/protein created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T16:46:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000261 name: arthritis inducing chemical def: "A substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules that, when administered, results in the inflammation of one or more joints, the sites of junction or union between bones, especially those that allow motion of the bones." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000259 ! disease inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000349 ! arthritis-inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T17:07:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000262 name: collagen def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is any of a family of extracellular, closely related proteins occurring as a major component of connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility; composed of molecules of tropocollagen." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000260 ! peptide/protein antigen is_a: XCO:0000261 ! arthritis inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T17:35:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000263 name: pristane def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group." [CHEBI:53181] synonym: "2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:53181 xref: MeSH:C009042 is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen is_a: XCO:0000261 ! arthritis inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T17:39:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000264 name: Freund's adjuvant def: "A nonspecific stimulator of the immune response consisting of a water-in-oil emulsion into which a specific antigen can be added to illicit a specific immune response. The adjuvant increases the strength of the immune response." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T18:05:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000265 name: Freund's incomplete adjuvant def: "A water-in-oil emulsion incorporating antigen, in the aqueous phase, into lightweight paraffin oil with the aid of an emulsifying agent to induce strong persistent antibody formation." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "FIA" RELATED [] synonym: "IFA" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000264 ! Freund's adjuvant created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T18:07:25Z [Term] id: XCO:0000266 name: Freund's complete adjuvant def: "A water-in-oil emulsion incorporating antigen, in the aqueous phase, and killed, dried mycobacteria, e.g., Mycobacterium butyricum in lightweight paraffin oil. A suspension is achieved with the aid of an emulsifying agent. The mixture induces both cell-mediated immunity (delayed hypersensitivity), and humoral antibody formation." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "CFA" RELATED [] synonym: "FCA" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000264 ! Freund's adjuvant created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-01T18:10:14Z [Term] id: XCO:0000267 name: peptidoglycan-polysaccharide def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a polymer found in the cell walls of prokaryotes that consists of polysaccharide and peptide chains in a strong molecular network." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "PG-PS" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:8005 is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen is_a: XCO:0000173 ! polysaccharide is_a: XCO:0000261 ! arthritis inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-11T15:53:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000268 name: balloon angioplasty def: "A technique of mechanically widening narrowed or obstructed arteries by use of a soft catheter with an inflatable tip." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon_angioplasty] is_a: XCO:0000165 ! surgical manipulation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-11T16:14:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000269 name: calcium channel inhibitor def: "Any chemical substance which decreases or interferes with the activity of a calcium channel, one or more membrane-bound globular proteins that display selective permeability to calcium ions, the chemical element with atomic number 20 that has lost two electrons forming a cation with a charge of +2, and allow diffusion of these ions across a cell membrane." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "calcium channel blocker" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000222 ! cation channel inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-11T16:37:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000270 name: captopril def: "A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid with a pyrrolidine substituent at C-1, which decreases or interferes with the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used as an anti-hypertensive drug." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril] xref: CHEBI:3380 is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor is_a: XCO:0000140 ! vasodilator created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-11T16:51:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000271 name: antioxidant def: "A substance that opposes oxidation, a reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons, and/or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, CHEBI:22586] synonym: "antioxydant" EXACT [] synonym: "antoxidant" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T11:01:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000272 name: tempol def: "A heterocyclic compound used as an agent for detoxifying reactive oxygen species. It catalyses the disproportionation of superoxide." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Hydroxy-TEMPO] synonym: "4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl" RELATED [] synonym: "4-Oxypiperidol" RELATED [] synonym: "HyTEMPO" RELATED [] synonym: "Nitroxyl-2" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound_CID:137994" RELATED [] synonym: "Tanol" RELATED [] synonym: "TMPN" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000271 ! antioxidant created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T11:09:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000273 name: carrageenan def: "A family of linear, sulfated, high-molecular-weight polysaccharides made up of repeating galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose units with alternating alpha 1–3 and beta 1–4 glycosidic linkages." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrageenan] xref: CHEBI:3435 is_a: XCO:0000173 ! polysaccharide created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T13:07:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000274 name: monosaccharide def: "Any simple carbohydrate consisting of a single basic sugar unit with the general formula Cn(H2O)n, with n ranging from 3 to 8." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000172 ! carbohydrate created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T13:10:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000275 name: glucose def: "A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in plant and animal tissues. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with fructose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion, is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] synonym: "dextrose" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000274 ! monosaccharide created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T13:28:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000276 name: hydrocarbon def: "Any of a large group of organic compounds whose molecules are composed only of hydrogen, the element with atomic number 1, and carbon, the element with atomic number 12." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T16:18:50Z [Term] id: XCO:0000277 name: cyclic hydrocarbon def: "Any organic compound whose molecules are composed only of hydrogen, the element with atomic number 1, and carbon, the element with atomic number 12, and whose carbon atoms form a continuous or closed chain linked by bonds that may be represented graphically by one or more circular or triangular forms." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000276 ! hydrocarbon created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T17:18:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000278 name: polycyclic hydrocarbon def: "Any organic compound whose molecules are composed only of hydrogen, the element with atomic number 1, and carbon, the element with atomic number 12, and whose carbon atoms form continuous or closed chains linked by bonds that may be represented graphically by multiple interlinking circular or triangular forms." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000277 ! cyclic hydrocarbon created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T17:20:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000279 name: terpene def: "Any of a large and diverse class of organic compounds which are composed only of hydrogen, the element with atomic number 1, and carbon, the element with atomic number 12, which are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene and which have the general molecular formula (CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2)n where n is the number of linked isoprene units." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene] is_a: XCO:0000276 ! hydrocarbon created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T17:24:22Z [Term] id: XCO:0000280 name: squalene def: "A triterpene, that is a terpine containing six isoprene units, consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. Squalene is the biochemical precursor to steroids." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene] synonym: "Spinacene" RELATED [] synonym: "Supraene" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:15440 xref: MeSH:D013185 is_a: XCO:0000279 ! terpene created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T17:25:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000281 name: type II collagen def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is the fibrillar collagen which comprises the main component of cartilage and is also found in the vitreous humor of the eye. Collagens are a family of extracellular, closely related proteins occurring as a major component of connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen] synonym: "type 2 collagen" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000262 ! collagen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T17:41:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000282 name: anti-Thy1 antibody def: "An immunoglobulin molecule having a specific amino acid sequence that gives it the ability to adhere to and interact only with Thy1, i.e. Thymocyte antigen 1, and molecules containing structures similar to that antigen. Thy1, also known as CD90, is a 25–37 kDa, heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored, conserved cell surface protein with a single V-like immunoglobulin domain, originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen and now known to be the smallest member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD90] synonym: "anti-CD90 antibody" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000194 ! antibody created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-12T18:06:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000283 name: visible light stimulus def: "Exposure to visible light, that is, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 (violet) and 770 (red) nanometers, capable of stimulating the subjective sensation of sight, in a manner such as for a length of time or at a level which would not be considered natural, usual or environmental and which is designed to elicit or evoke an action or response in a cell, an excitable tissue, or an organism." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000049 ! visual stimulus is_a: XCO:0000284 ! controlled visible light exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T12:03:39Z [Term] id: XCO:0000284 name: controlled visible light exposure def: "Condition during which a subject or sample is directly in the presence of or influenced by visible light, that is, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between approximately 390 (violet) and 770 (red) nanometers, capable of stimulating the subjective sensation of sight, at a constrained level and/or for a constrained period of time." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000045 ! electromagnetic radiation exposure is_a: XCO:0000181 ! controlled visible light condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T12:12:45Z [Term] id: XCO:0000285 name: controlled NG-nitroarginine methyl ester content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of the basic amino acid commonly known as L-NAME and used as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, consumed by an organism as part of an experiment." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, MeSH:D019331] synonym: "controlled L-NAME content water" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000121 ! NG-nitroarginine methyl ester is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T14:48:31Z [Term] id: XCO:0000286 name: retinal S-antigen def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a highly antigenic, soluble photoreceptor protein expressed in the retina and the pineal gland and involved in desensitization of the photoactivated transduction cascade." [NCBI_GeneID:6295] synonym: "arrestin" BROAD [] synonym: "HSAg" RELATED [] synonym: "retinal soluble antigen" RELATED [] synonym: "S-antigen" RELATED [] synonym: "S-antigen peptide" RELATED [] synonym: "S-arrestin" RELATED [] synonym: "SAG" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000260 ! peptide/protein antigen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T17:02:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000287 name: interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a large glycoprotein, found primarily in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the retina between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor cells, which is known to bind retinoids and thought to transport them between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors." [NCBI_GeneID:5949] synonym: "interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein" EXACT [] synonym: "IRBP" RELATED [] synonym: "Rbp3" RELATED [] synonym: "retinol binding protein 3, interstitial" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000260 ! peptide/protein antigen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T17:19:56Z [Term] id: XCO:0000288 name: R16 peptide of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a 15 amino acid peptide (aa 1177–1191) derived from the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, a large glycoprotein, found primarily in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the retina between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor cells, which is known to bind retinoids and thought to transport them between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors." [NCBI_GeneID:5949, PMID:10323205] synonym: "R16 peptide of IRBP" RELATED [] xref: PMID:10323205 relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000287 ! interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T17:55:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000289 name: R14 peptide of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a 23 amino acid peptide (aa 1169–1191) derived from the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, a large glycoprotein, found primarily in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the retina between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor cells, which is known to bind retinoids and thought to transport them between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors." [NCBI_GeneID:5949, PMID:18203685] synonym: "R14 peptide of IRBP" RELATED [] xref: PMID:18203685 relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000287 ! interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T17:56:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000290 name: peripheral myelin protein 2 def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is a fatty acid and cholesterol binding protein which together with myelin basic protein constitutes a major fraction of the peripheral nervous system myelin proteins." [UniProtKB:P02689] synonym: "myelin P2 protein" EXACT [] synonym: "Pmp2" RELATED [] xref: RGD:1585218 is_a: XCO:0000260 ! peptide/protein antigen relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000292 ! peripheral nerve myelin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T18:21:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000291 name: peripheral myelin protein 2 peptide 58–81 def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is the peptide (KNTEISFKLGQEFEETTADNRKTK) representing residues 58 to 81 of peripheral myelin protein 2, a fatty acid and cholesterol binding protein which together with myelin basic protein constitutes a major fraction of the peripheral nervous system myelin proteins." [RGD:2306736, UniProtKB:P02689] synonym: "P2 58–81" RELATED [] synonym: "P2 peptide 58–81" RELATED [] relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000290 ! peripheral myelin protein 2 created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T18:44:21Z [Term] id: XCO:0000292 name: peripheral nerve myelin def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is peripheral nerve myelin, a lipoproteinaceous substance largely composed of phospholipids and proteins, which forms the sheaths surrounding the axons of peripheral nerves, that is, nerves that are not part of either the brain or spinal cord of the organism." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "peripheral nervous system myelin" RELATED [] synonym: "PNM" RELATED [] synonym: "PNS myelin" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000352 ! myelin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T19:18:05Z [Term] id: XCO:0000293 name: 99mTc-sestamibi def: "A coordination complex of technetium-99m, a radioisotope of the chemical element technetium, atomic number 43, a gamma emitter having a half-life of approximately 6 hours, and methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI), a lipophilic cation, used as an agent in nuclear medicine imaging." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium_%2899mTc%29_sestamibi] synonym: "99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl isonitrile" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiolite" RELATED [] synonym: "MIBI" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:33371 is_a: XCO:0000171 ! radioactively labeled chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-03-13T20:07:09Z [Term] id: XCO:0000294 name: estrogen/estrogen analog def: "Any of the naturally-occuring, primary female sex hormones or related synthetic molecules with the capacity to perform the same function(s), i.e. to bind to estrogen receptors and stimulate or control the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics." [CHEBI:50114, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen] xref: CHEBI:50114 is_a: XCO:0000229 ! steroid hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-05-07T15:32:52Z [Term] id: XCO:0000295 name: diethylstilbestrol def: "A synthetic estrogen analog with chemical formula C18H20O2. The structure is similar to that of estrogen but lacks the complete four ring structure. As a drug it is used to treat prostatic and sometimes breast carcinomas. It is an epigenetic carcinogen." [CHEBI:41922, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol] synonym: "DES" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:41922 is_a: XCO:0000294 ! estrogen/estrogen analog created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-05-07T16:01:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000296 name: running on inclined treadmill def: "The act of rapidly moving the feet on an exercise apparatus with an endless belt that allows the user to perform the action of running in place and that is maintained at an angle which deviates from the horozontal by a specified amount." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] synonym: "running on sloped treadmill" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000005 ! running on treadmill created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-07T16:08:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000297 name: fluid deprivation def: "Condition in which liquids for drinking (bringing a liquid into the mouth and swallowing it to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc.), such as water, are withheld for a specified period of time." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] synonym: "water deprivation" NARROW [] is_a: XCO:0000013 ! diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T09:50:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000298 name: controlled saccharin content drinking water def: "Water, the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O) supplied as a drink, that is, as a liquid to be brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., in which the amount of saccharin, a cyclic imine of 2-sulfobenzoic acid which is 500 times sweeter than sugar and used as a nonnutritive sweetener, is adjusted to a requirement." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T10:05:25Z [Term] id: XCO:0000299 name: controlled ethanol content drinking water with no other optional drink source def: "Condition in which a drink, that is, a liquid to be brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., made up of water and a specified amount of ethanol, the alcohol with chemical formula CH3-CH2-OH obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis which is the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, is supplied as the only available drink option for consumption by an organism in an experiment." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000023 ! controlled ethanol content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T10:06:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000300 name: controlled ethanol content drinking water with water as an optional drink source def: "Condition in which a drink, that is, a liquid to be brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., made up of water and a specified amount of ethanol, the alcohol with chemical formula CH3-CH2-OH obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis which is the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, is supplied along with additive-free water, the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O), as an additional drink option for consumption by an organism in an experiment." [Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/] is_a: XCO:0000023 ! controlled ethanol content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T10:07:22Z [Term] id: XCO:0000301 name: lithium ion solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of lithium, the chemical element with atomic number 3, that have lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] xref: CHEBI:49713 is_a: XCO:0000154 ! ion/salt solution is_a: XCO:0000313 ! lithium ion created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T10:08:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000302 name: lithium chloride solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of lithium, the chemical element with atomic number 3, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] xref: CHEBI:48607 is_a: XCO:0000301 ! lithium ion solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-11T10:09:05Z [Term] id: XCO:0000303 name: adrenalectomy def: "The surgical excision of one or both of the adrenal glands, two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-20T17:37:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000304 name: bilateral adrenalectomy def: "The surgical excision of both adrenal glands, two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "bilateral suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000303 ! adrenalectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-20T17:49:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000305 name: unilateral adrenalectomy def: "The surgical excision of only one of the adrenal glands, two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] synonym: "unilateral suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000303 ! adrenalectomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-20T17:50:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000306 name: cold exposure def: "An activity or condition which involves subjecting all or part of an organism to a relatively low, i.e., lower than considered normal, temperature." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000111 ! temperature exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-21T16:31:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000307 name: cold ambient air exposure def: "An activity or condition in which the air surrounding or encircling the organism has a relatively low, or lower than considered normal, temperature, i.e., air in which the molecules possess a lower than normal amount of random kinetic energy." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] synonym: "cold exposure, ambient air" EXACT [] synonym: "cold stress" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000011 ! air temperature is_a: XCO:0000306 ! cold exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-21T16:52:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000308 name: heat exposure def: "An activity or condition which involves subjecting all or part of an organism to a relatively high, or higher than considered normal, temperature, that is, possessing a higher than normal level of random kinetic energy of atoms, molecules, or ions." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000111 ! temperature exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-21T17:12:21Z [Term] id: XCO:0000309 name: heated ambient air exposure def: "An activity or condition in which the air surrounding or encircling the organism has a relatively high, or higher than considered normal, temperature, i.e., air in which the molecules possess a higher than normal amount of random kinetic energy." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed] synonym: "heat exposure, ambient air" EXACT [] synonym: "hot ambient air exposure" RELATED [] synonym: "warm ambient air exposure" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000011 ! air temperature is_a: XCO:0000308 ! heat exposure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-21T17:21:42Z [Term] id: XCO:0000310 name: guanethidine def: "An antihypertensive agent that acts by selectively inhibiting transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues. It does not appear to act at the level of the adrenergic receptors." [MESH:D006145, Website:http\://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01170#pharmacology] xref: CHEBI:5557 xref: MESH:D006145 is_a: XCO:0000120 ! inhibitor created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-21T18:45:16Z [Term] id: XCO:0000311 name: potassium ion solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19, that have lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "K+ ion solution" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29103 is_a: XCO:0000150 ! potassium ion is_a: XCO:0000154 ! ion/salt solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T14:02:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000312 name: potassium chloride solution def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of potassium, the chemical element with atomic number 19, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1, dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "KCl solution" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:32588 is_a: XCO:0000311 ! potassium ion solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T14:06:24Z [Term] id: XCO:0000313 name: lithium ion def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is an atom of lithium, the chemical element with atomic number 3, that has lost one electron, forming a cation with a charge of +1." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "Li+ ion" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:49713 is_a: XCO:0000149 ! ion/salt created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T14:24:21Z [Term] id: XCO:0000314 name: buffer def: "Any substance or mixture of substances that, in solution (typically aqueous), resists change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base." [CHEBI:35225] xref: CHEBI:35225 is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T14:52:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000315 name: buffer solution def: "A homogeneous mixture of molecules, atoms and/or ions, one or more of which have the capacity to cause the solution to resist change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [CHEBI:35225, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] xref: CHEBI:35225 is_a: XCO:0000314 ! buffer is_a: XCO:0000340 ! solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T14:58:18Z [Term] id: XCO:0000316 name: calcium-free buffer solution def: "A homogeneous mixture which does not contain calcium, the chemical element with atomic number 20, but does contain molecules, atoms and/or ions one or more of which have the capacity to cause the solution to resist change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [CHEBI:35225, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] xref: CHEBI:35225 is_a: XCO:0000315 ! buffer solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T15:06:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000317 name: buffered calcium ion solution def: "A homogeneous mixture of calcium, the chemical element with atomic number 20, with other molecules, atoms and/or ions one or more of which have the capacity to cause the solution to resist change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [CHEBI:35225, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "calcium-containing buffer solution" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:29108 xref: CHEBI:35225 is_a: XCO:0000185 ! calcium ion solution is_a: XCO:0000315 ! buffer solution created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T15:13:18Z [Term] id: XCO:0000318 name: surgical construction def: "A process in which manual and instrumental techniques are used to assemble or combine parts or substances, especially in order to create something new." [Cambridge:Cambridge_Online_Dictionary_of_American_English, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery] is_a: XCO:0000165 ! surgical manipulation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T16:06:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000319 name: artificial aortocaval fistula def: "A surgically created passageway between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava." [PMID:2142618] synonym: "ACF" RELATED [] xref: PMID:2142618 is_a: XCO:0000318 ! surgical construction created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T16:08:47Z [Term] id: XCO:0000320 name: hexamethonium def: "Either of two compounds (C12H30Br2N2 or C12H30Cl2N2) used in the treatment of hypertension. Hexamethonium is a depolarising ganglionic blocker, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding in or on the receptor but not the acetylcholine binding site itself." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethonium] synonym: "PubChem_Compound:CID_3604" RELATED [] xref: CHEMBL:105608 is_a: XCO:0000160 ! receptor antagonist created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T17:12:45Z [Term] id: XCO:0000321 name: hexamethonium bromide def: "The compound C12H30Br2N2, consisting of a hexamethonium cation and dibromide anion, used in the treatment of hypertension. Hexamethonium is a depolarising ganglionic blocker, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding in or on the receptor but not the acetylcholine binding site itself." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethonium] synonym: "hexamethonium dibromide" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound:CID_5938" RELATED [] xref: CHEMBL:105608 is_a: XCO:0000320 ! hexamethonium created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T17:17:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000322 name: hexamethonium chloride def: "The compound C12H30Cl2N2, consisting of a hexamethonium cation and dichloride anion, used in the treatment of hypertension. Hexamethonium is a depolarising ganglionic blocker, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding in or on the receptor but not the acetylcholine binding site itself." [Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Websters_Online_Dictionary--11th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethonium] synonym: "hexamethonium dichloride" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound:CID_93550" RELATED [] xref: CHEMBL:105608 is_a: XCO:0000320 ! hexamethonium created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-06-25T17:19:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000323 name: alcohol def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is an alcohol, a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom." [CHEBI:30879] xref: CHEBI:30879 is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-08-07T16:27:07Z [Term] id: XCO:0000324 name: primary alcohol def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a primary alcohol, a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it." [CHEBI:15734] xref: CHEBI:15734 is_a: XCO:0000323 ! alcohol created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-08-07T16:35:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000325 name: ethanol def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is ethanol, a primary alcohol with chemical formula CH3-CH2-OH, that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group." [CHEBI:16236] synonym: "ethyl alcohol" EXACT [] synonym: "EtOH" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:16236 is_a: XCO:0000324 ! primary alcohol created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-08-07T16:39:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000326 name: controlled ethanol content saline def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is ethanol, the colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, CH3CH2OH, produced by yeast fermentation of carbohydrates or synthesized by hydration of ethylene, suspended in a saline solution, a homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Webster:Random_House_Kernerman_Websters_College_Dictionary_2010] synonym: "ethanol in 0.9 % saline" NARROW [] synonym: "ethanol in 0.9 % saline solution" NARROW [] synonym: "ethanol in saline" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000325 ! ethanol created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-08-07T16:45:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000327 name: controlled quinine content drinking water def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of water and a specified amount of quinine, and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Water is the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). Quinine is a bitter alkaloid of cinchona that has antimalarial, analgesic, antipyretic, mild oxytocic, cardiac depressant, and sclerosing properties, and that decreases the excitability of the motor end plate." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-08-07T17:05:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000328 name: controlled deoxycorticosterone content drinking water def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of water and a specified amount of deoxycorticosterone, and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Water is the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] synonym: "controlled DOC content drinking water" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000330 ! deoxycorticosterone created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T12:58:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000329 name: controlled deoxycorticosterone content saline drink def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of saline and a specified amount of deoxycorticosterone, and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Saline is a homogeneous mixture of sodium chloride (i.e. atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient and specified quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water, the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] synonym: "controlled deoxycorticosterone and sodium content drinking water" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled DOC and sodium chloride content drinking water" RELATED [] synonym: "controlled DOC content saline drink" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:16973 is_a: XCO:0000164 ! controlled sodium content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000328 ! controlled deoxycorticosterone content drinking water created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T13:00:11Z [Term] id: XCO:0000330 name: deoxycorticosterone def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is deoxycorticosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone, or a derivative of that hormone." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone] synonym: "DOC" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000229 ! steroid hormone created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T14:38:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000331 name: RU28362 def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is RU28362, a highly selective neuroactive agonist of the glucocorticoid (Corticoid Type II) receptor, but not of the mineralocorticoid (Corticoid Type I) receptor." [Website:http\://www.nursa.org/molecule.cfm?molType=ligand&molId=1123, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RU28362] synonym: "11,17-dihydroxy-6-methyl-17-(1-propynyl)androsta-1,4,6-triene-3-one" EXACT [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound: CID 123790" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000135 ! receptor agonist created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T14:49:55Z [Term] id: XCO:0000332 name: controlled RU28362 content drinking water def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of water and a specified amount of RU28362, and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Water is the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). RU28362 is a highly selective neuroactive agonist of the glucocorticoid (Corticoid Type II) receptor, but not of the mineralocorticoid (Corticoid Type I) receptor." [ISBN:978-1416049982, Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/, Website:http\://www.nursa.org/molecule.cfm?molType=ligand&molId=1123, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RU28362] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000331 ! RU28362 created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T15:03:35Z [Term] id: XCO:0000333 name: controlled RU28362 content saline drink def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of saline and a specified amount of RU28362, and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Saline is a homogeneous mixture of atoms of sodium, the chemical element with atomic number 11, that have lost one electron forming a cation with a charge of +1, and an equivalent number of atoms of chlorine, the chemical element with atomic number 17, that have gained one electron forming an anion with a charge of -1 dispersed molecularly in a sufficient and specified quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water, the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). RU28362 is a highly selective neuroactive agonist of the glucocorticoid (Corticoid Type II) receptor, but not of the mineralocorticoid (Corticoid Type I) receptor." [ISBN:978-1416049982, Multiple_Dictionaries:http\://www.thefreedictionary.com/, Website:http\://www.nursa.org/molecule.cfm?molType=ligand&molId=1123, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RU28362] synonym: "controlled RU28362 and sodium chloride content drinking water" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000164 ! controlled sodium content drinking water is_a: XCO:0000332 ! controlled RU28362 content drinking water created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T15:06:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000334 name: left adrenalectomy def: "The surgical excision of only the adrenal gland on the left side of the body. The left adrenal gland is generally the larger of the two dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland] comment: Note that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer. (http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location). synonym: "left suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "left unilateral adrenalectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "left unilateral suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000305 ! unilateral adrenalectomy created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T15:48:28Z [Term] id: XCO:0000335 name: right adrenalectomy def: "The surgical excision of only the adrenal gland on the right side of the body. The right adrenal gland is generally the smaller of the two dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland] comment: Note that "right" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer. (http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location). synonym: "right suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "right unilateral adrenalectomy" EXACT [] synonym: "right unilateral suprarenalectomy" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000305 ! unilateral adrenalectomy created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T15:50:50Z [Term] id: XCO:0000336 name: adrenergic antagonist def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is an agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists, substances that have an affinity for and stimulate physiologic activity at adrenergic receptors. Adrenergic receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of catecholamines, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine." [CHEBI:37887, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptors] synonym: "adrenergic receptor antagonist" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000160 ! receptor antagonist created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T16:22:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000337 name: air-jet exposure def: "A condition in which an air jet, i.e. a rapid stream of air (the colorless, odorless, tasteless mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen and lesser gases, plus water vapor and particulates, that surrounds the earth) forced under pressure through a small opening or nozzle, is directed toward the body or a part of the body of an organism." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005] synonym: "air-jet stress" RELATED [] synonym: "forced air exposure" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000052 ! tactile stimulus created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-22T17:01:21Z [Term] id: XCO:0000338 name: chemical nanoparticle def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a particle, i.e. a body whose internal motion and structure, if any, are irrelevant in a specific problem, with a size between 1 and 100 nanometers composed of any substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle] synonym: "ultrafine chemical particle" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-23T12:19:49Z [Term] id: XCO:0000339 name: titanium dioxide nanoparticles def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a particle, i.e. a body whose internal motion and structure, if any, are irrelevant in a specific problem, with a size between 1 and 100 nanometers composed of titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is a white insoluble powder that is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2, i.e. composed of one atom of titanium, the strong, low-density, highly corrosion-resistant metallic element with atomic number 22, and two atoms of oxygen, the highly reactive chemical element with atomic number 8 that is essential for plant and animal respiration and is required for nearly all combustion." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_dioxide] synonym: "titania nanoparticles" EXACT [] synonym: "titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles" EXACT [] synonym: "ultrafine TiO2 powder" RELATED [] synonym: "ultrafine titanium dioxide powder" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:51050 is_a: XCO:0000338 ! chemical nanoparticle created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-23T15:14:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000340 name: solution def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a homogeneous mixture of molecules, atoms and/or ions dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent) such as water." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000000 ! experimental condition created_by: jsmith creation_date: 2013-08-23T15:45:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000341 name: chemical with specified function def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules and which has the capacity to perform a particular role or initiate or participate in a particular activity or process." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Mosby:Mosbys_Dental_Dictionary--2nd_Ed] synonym: "chemical with specified role" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:50906 is_a: XCO:0000088 ! chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-03T16:26:49Z [Term] id: XCO:0000342 name: chemical with specified structure def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a substance having a specific molecular composition obtained by or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules, where that molecular composition explicitly contains one or more particular parts or groups that are held or put together in a particular way." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Science_Dictionary_2005, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary] xref: CHEBI:24431 is_a: XCO:0000088 ! chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-03T16:30:12Z [Term] id: XCO:0000343 name: nitrosourea def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical having a nitroso (R-N=O) and a urea moiety. A urea moiety consists of two —NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) group." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosourea] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-04T13:12:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000344 name: N-propyl-N-nitrosourea def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical with three major moieties, a propyl group (a linear three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula -C3H7), a nitroso group (R-N=O) and a urea group (two —NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group)." [PubChem_Compound:CID_13157, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosourea, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyl] synonym: "1-nitroso-1-propylurea" EXACT [] synonym: "1-propyl-1-nitrosourea" RELATED [] synonym: "PNU" RELATED [] synonym: "propylnitrosourea" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000343 ! nitrosourea created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-04T13:25:28Z [Term] id: XCO:0000345 name: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical with three major moieties, an ethyl group (a two-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula –C2H5), a nitroso group (R-N=O) and a urea group (two —NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group)." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_group, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosourea] synonym: "1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea" RELATED [] synonym: "ENU" RELATED [] synonym: "ethylnitrosourea" EXACT [] synonym: "N-ethyl-N-nitroso carbamide" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:23995 xref: PubChem_Compound:CID_12967 is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000343 ! nitrosourea created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-04T13:34:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000346 name: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical with three major moieties, a methyl group (a one-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula –CH3), a nitroso group (R-N=O) and a urea group (two —NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group)." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosourea] synonym: "1-methyl-1-nitrosourea" RELATED [] synonym: "methylnitrosourea" EXACT [] synonym: "MNU" RELATED [] synonym: "N-methyl-N-nitrosocarbamide" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:50102 xref: PubChem_Compound:CID_12967 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000343 ! nitrosourea created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-09-20T16:27:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000347 name: blood vessel occlusion def: "A surgical manipulation causing blockage of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000165 ! surgical manipulation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T10:32:17Z [Term] id: XCO:0000348 name: middle cerebral artery occlusion def: "A surgical manipulation causing blockage of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), one of the three major paired arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it branches and projects into the lateral cerebral cortex." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Cerebral_Artery] synonym: "MCA occlusion" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000347 ! blood vessel occlusion created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T10:46:10Z [Term] id: XCO:0000349 name: arthritis-inducing agent def: "Any phenomenon, chemical or biologic substance, or organism that, when administered, results in the inflammation of one or more joints, the sites of junction or union between bones, especially those that allow motion of the bones." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000258 ! disease inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T12:01:59Z [Term] id: XCO:0000350 name: streptococcal cell wall def: "A biologic agent consisting of a more or less purified preparation of cell walls from streptococcus bacteria. Streptococcus is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. The cell wall is the rigid structure that lies just outside of and is joined to the plasma membrane of plant cells and most prokaryotic cells, which protects the cell and maintains its shape." [Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus] synonym: "SCW" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000349 ! arthritis-inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T12:03:50Z [Term] id: XCO:0000351 name: 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide alt_id: XCO:0000366 def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, a tumorigenic derivative of quinoline N-oxide containing a nitro functional group (-NO2) at the 4 position of the quinoline bicyclic structure. Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and its metabolite 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide bind to nucleic acids and cause lesions usually corrected by nucleotide excision repair." [CHEBI:16907, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Nitroquinoline_1-oxide, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoline] synonym: "4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide" EXACT [] synonym: "4NQO" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:16907 xref: MESH:D015112 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T13:00:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000352 name: myelin def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is myelin, a lipoproteinaceous substance largely composed of phospholipids and proteins, which forms the sheaths surrounding the myelinated nerve fibers." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T13:10:37Z [Term] id: XCO:0000353 name: central nervous system myelin def: "A condition in which the major influencing factor is the lipoproteinaceous substance largely composed of phospholipids and proteins, which forms the sheaths surrounding the myelinated nerve fibers of the central nervous system, i.e., the brain and spinal cord." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] synonym: "CNS myelin" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000352 ! myelin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T13:26:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000354 name: N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine def: "A guanidine derivative with a nitro group (-NO2) on the nitrogen at position 3 and a methyl group (-CH3) and nitroso group (-NO) on the nitrogen at position 1. MNNG acts by adding alkyl groups to the O6 of guanine and O4 of thymine of DNA, giving it potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties." [CHEBI:21759, MESH:D008769, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylnitronitrosoguanidine] synonym: "1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine" EXACT [] synonym: "methylnitronitrosoguanidine" EXACT [] synonym: "MNNG" RELATED [] synonym: "PubChem_Compound CID_9562060" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:21759 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T14:50:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000355 name: controlled N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine content drinking water def: "A drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst and/or for nourishment, made up of water and a specified amount of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Water is the clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid each molecule of which contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). MNNG is a guanidine derivative with a nitro group (-NO2) on the nitrogen at position 3 and a methyl group (-CH3) and nitroso group (-NO) on the nitrogen at position 1. MNNG acts by adding alkyl groups to the O6 of guanine and O4 of thymine of DNA, giving it potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, MESH:D008769, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylnitronitrosoguanidine, YourDictionary:http\://www.yourdictionary.com/drink] synonym: "controlled 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine content drinking water" EXACT [] synonym: "controlled methylnitronitrosoguanidine content drinking water" EXACT [] synonym: "controlled MNNG content drinking water" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:21759 is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T15:17:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000356 name: spinal cord homogenate def: "A condition in which the major contributing factor is a preparation of spinal cord which has been rendered uniform in structure and/or composition throughout, for example by grinding the tissue until it has been reduced to particles which are evenly distributed thoughout a fluid. Spinal cord is the long, flexible, nearly cylindric structure of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000133 ! antigen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T15:35:41Z [Term] id: XCO:0000357 name: walking on inclined treadmill def: "The action of ambulation on an exercise apparatus with an endless belt that allows the user to perform the action of running in place and that is maintained at an angle which deviates from the horozontal by a specified amount." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Encarta:Encarta_World_English_Dictionary] synonym: "walking on sloped treadmill" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000004 ! walking on treadmill created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T15:50:46Z [Term] id: XCO:0000358 name: diagnostic agent def: "A substance administered specifically to aid diagnosis of a disease or condition." [CHEBI:33295, Webster:Random_House_Kernerman_Websters_College_Dictionary_2010] synonym: "diagnostic aid" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T16:04:05Z [Term] id: XCO:0000359 name: sodium p-aminohippurate def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is an organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of p-aminohippuric acid, an amide derivative of the amino acid glycine and para-aminobenzoic acid. Sodium p-aminohippurate is used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow." [CHEBI:104011, CHEBI:31204, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminohippuric_acid] synonym: "PAH" RELATED [] synonym: "sodium para-aminohippurate" EXACT [] is_a: XCO:0000358 ! diagnostic agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-11-11T16:10:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000360 name: arterial catheter implantation def: "The insertion of a tubular, flexible surgical instrument into an artery to withdraw or introduce fluid. An artery is a vessel in which blood flows away from the heart." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000027 ! surgical implantation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T12:41:32Z [Term] id: XCO:0000361 name: left L3-L5 ventral root avulsion def: "The forcible surgical separation from the spine of the motor root of a left side spinal nerve between the #3 and #5 lumbar vertebrae." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Gale:Gale_Encyclopedia_of_Medicine_2008] is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T13:05:25Z [Term] id: XCO:0000362 name: physical restraint in plastic bag def: "The use of a pouch made from a very thin flexible plastic (any of various organic compounds produced by polymerization, capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films) to limit some or all of an animal's normal movements." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language--4th_Ed, Collins:Collins_Online_English_Dictionary, NIH:http\://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/Guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-Laboratory-animals.pdf] is_a: XCO:0000158 ! physical restraint in mechanical restrainer created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T13:13:08Z [Term] id: XCO:0000363 name: eukaryotic pathogen def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a single-celled or multicellular organism that has the capacity to cause disease, and the cell(s) of which individually have a true nucleus, that is, one that is bounded by a nuclear membrane, contains one or more chromosomes, and divides by mitosis." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000236 ! pathogen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T13:28:29Z [Term] id: XCO:0000364 name: Toxoplasma gondii def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a sporozoan species that is an intracellular parasite in a variety of vertebrates and is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007] is_a: XCO:0000363 ! eukaryotic pathogen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T13:29:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000365 name: Toxoplasma gondii cysts def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is Toxoplasma gondii cysts. Toxoplasma gondii is a sporozoan species that is an intracellular parasite in a variety of vertebrates and is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Cyst refers to the larval stage in the life cycle during which individual organisms are enveloped in a protective wall." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000364 ! Toxoplasma gondii created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T13:30:01Z [Term] id: XCO:0000367 name: sham surgical device implantation def: "A surgery in which a device is inserted which lacks the chemical or drug that in the experimental samples it would dispense." [PMID:15687265] is_a: XCO:0000027 ! surgical implantation is_a: XCO:0000100 ! sham surgical control condition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T14:06:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000368 name: autoimmune disease-inducing chemical def: "Any condition in which the main influencing factor is a chemical that causes an anti-self reaction by the immune system of the treated individual." [RGD:JRS] is_a: XCO:0000259 ! disease inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T14:29:13Z [Term] id: XCO:0000369 name: aurothiopropanol sulfonate def: "An antirheumatic of slow action that, in certain susceptible individuals, causes a gold-induced, Th2-dependent autoimmunity." [PMID:15128826] synonym: "allochrysine" RELATED [] synonym: "Atps" RELATED [] synonym: "aurotioprol" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000368 ! autoimmune disease-inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2013-12-20T14:29:49Z [Term] id: XCO:0000370 name: Trichinella spiralis def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is any form of Trichinella spiralis, a nematode parasite that occurs in animals such as rodents, pigs, bears, and in humans. The organism, which matures in the intestines, producing larvae that travel through the blood and lymphatic systems to the muscles where they encyst, is responsible for the disease trichinosis." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinella_spiralis] is_a: XCO:0000363 ! eukaryotic pathogen created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T13:19:52Z [Term] id: XCO:0000371 name: Trichinella spiralis larvae def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is the infective larvae of the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinella_spiralis] is_a: XCO:0000370 ! Trichinella spiralis created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T13:27:57Z [Term] id: XCO:0000372 name: dexamethasone def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is dexamethasone, a long-acting synthetic adrenocorticoid, analogous to but more potent than cortisol (a natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands), with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activities." [Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed, Website:http\://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682792.html, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone] is_a: XCO:0000091 ! steroid created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T13:51:38Z [Term] id: XCO:0000373 name: surgical denervation def: "The resection or complete surgical removal of a nerve, any of the cordlike structures that convey impulses between the central nervous system and one or more parts of the body, and that each consist of an outer connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of conductive fibers." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, MESH:D003714, Mosby:Mosbys_Dental_Dictionary--2nd_Ed] xref: MESH:D003714 is_a: XCO:0000026 ! surgical removal created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T14:52:48Z [Term] id: XCO:0000374 name: axotomy def: "Surgical transection or severing of an axon, the process of a neuron capable of conducting action potentials or self-propagating nerve impulses away from the cell body." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, MESH:D019771, Mosby:Mosbys_Medical_Dictionary--8th_Ed] xref: MESH:D019771 is_a: XCO:0000373 ! surgical denervation created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T14:56:20Z [Term] id: XCO:0000375 name: sciatic nerve axotomy def: "Surgical transection or severing of one or more axons of the sciatic nerve, the large sensory and motor nerve that in humans arises from the sacral plexus and passes through the greater sciatic foramen to midthigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, MESH:D019771] xref: MA:0001172 xref: MESH:D019771 is_a: XCO:0000374 ! axotomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T14:57:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000376 name: saphenous nerve axotomy def: "Surgical transection or severing of one or more axons of the saphenous nerve, a sensory nerve that is a terminal branch of the femoral nerve, in humans extending from the femoral triangle to the foot, becoming subcutaneous on the medial side of the knee." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, Farlex:Farlex_Partner_Medical_Dictionary_2012, ISBN:978-1416049982, MESH:D019771] xref: MA:0002761 xref: MESH:D019771 is_a: XCO:0000374 ! axotomy created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T14:57:26Z [Term] id: XCO:0000377 name: vitamin def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is any of a group of unrelated organic substances occurring in many foods in small amounts and necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T17:12:36Z [Term] id: XCO:0000378 name: vitamin E def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is any of a group of at least eight related fat-soluble compounds with similar biological antioxidant activity, particularly alpha-tocopherol but also including other isomers of tocopherol and the related compounds tocotrienol and tocomonoenol." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Website:http\://www.cyberlipid.org/vite/vite0001.htm] xref: CHEBI:33234 is_a: XCO:0000271 ! antioxidant is_a: XCO:0000377 ! vitamin created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T17:14:02Z [Term] id: XCO:0000379 name: alpha-tocopherol def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is the most active form of vitamin E, a 6-hydroxychroman derivative (chromene) with methyl groups in position 2,5,7, and 8 and a phytyl side chain attached at carbon 2. May be described chemically as 2R-(4'R,8'R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol, with the term tocol indicating the 2-ring structure (benzopyran-6-ol) basic to all vitamin E compounds." [Website:http\://www.cyberlipid.org/vite/vite0001.htm] synonym: "a-tocopherol" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:22470 relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000378 ! vitamin E created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T17:15:15Z [Term] id: XCO:0000380 name: phytyl side chain of alpha-tocopherol def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a hydrophobic 13 carbon saturated chain with methyl side groups at the 4', 8' and 12' positions. In its native form, the molecule is attached to the 2-carbon of the benzopyran-6-ol double ring structure of alpha-tocopherol." [Website:http\://www.cyberlipid.org/vite/vite0001.htm] synonym: "alpha-tocopherol phytyl side chain" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000276 ! hydrocarbon relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000379 ! alpha-tocopherol created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T17:16:43Z [Term] id: XCO:0000381 name: progesterone def: "Condition in which the main influencing factor is the steroid hormone progesterone, the principal pro-gestational hormone liberated by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized oocyte by inducing transformation of the endometrium from the proliferative to the secretory stage." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000229 ! steroid hormone created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T17:37:07Z [Term] id: XCO:0000382 name: controlled captopril content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of captopril consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T18:05:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000383 name: controlled losartan content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of losartan consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Losartan is a selective, competitive angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, reducing the end organ responses to angiotensin II." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losartan] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T18:07:00Z [Term] id: XCO:0000384 name: controlled tempol content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of tempol consumed by an organism as part of an experiment. Tempol (4-Hydroxy-TEMPO) is a heterocyclic compound used as an agent for detoxifying reactive oxygen species. It catalyses the disproportionation of superoxide." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEMPOL] is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-09T18:07:59Z [Term] id: XCO:0000385 name: glomerulonephritis-inducing agent def: "Any substance, such as a chemical, a mix of chemicals or a pathogen, which has the capacity to cause the development of the symptoms of glomerulonephritis, kidney inflammation characterized by inflammation of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli." [Miller-Keane:Miller-Keane_Encyclopedia_and_Dictionary_of_Medicine_Nursing_and_Allied_Health--7th_Ed] is_a: XCO:0000258 ! disease inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-10T15:46:03Z [Term] id: XCO:0000386 name: collagenase-solubilized glomerular basement membrane def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a relatively undefined mix of macromolecules such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fragmented collagens, derived from the basement membrane of renal glomeruli via treatment with collagenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in triple helical regions of collagen, one of the major components of basement membranes. A basement membrane is an organised multi-molecular extracellular matrix which is characteristically found under epithelial and endothelial cells." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Segen:Segens_Medical_Dictionary_2012] synonym: "collagenase-solubilized GBM" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000385 ! glomerulonephritis-inducing agent created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-10T15:47:24Z [Term] id: XCO:0000387 name: collagenase-solubilized rat glomerular basement membrane def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a relatively undefined mix of macromolecules such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fragmented collagens, derived from the basement membrane of renal glomeruli from rats (i.e., members of the species Rattus norvegicus) via treatment with collagenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in triple helical regions of collagen, one of the major components of basement membranes. A basement membrane is an organised multi-molecular extracellular matrix which is characteristically found under epithelial and endothelial cells." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982, Segen:Segens_Medical_Dictionary_2012] synonym: "collagenase-solubilized rat GBM" RELATED [] is_a: XCO:0000386 ! collagenase-solubilized glomerular basement membrane created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-10T15:48:30Z [Term] id: XCO:0000388 name: acetaminophen def: "Condition in which the main influencing factor is acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic with effects similar to aspirin but only weakly antiinflammatory." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] synonym: "APAP" RELATED [] synonym: "N-acetyl-p-aminophenol" EXACT [] synonym: "para-acetylaminophenol" EXACT [] synonym: "paracetamol" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:46195 xref: MESH:D000082 is_a: XCO:0000106 ! anesthetic/analgesic created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-21T16:34:04Z [Term] id: XCO:0000389 name: controlled cigarette smoke content def: "A condition in which the air surrounding an organism or breathed by the organism contains a controlled amount of cigarette smoke, the combined gases and particulates given off when tobacco in the form of a cigarette burns or smolders. A cigarette is a cylinder of cut blonde or black tobacco ensheathed in a tube of paper, with or without an incorporated filter to decrease inhaled tars." [McGraw-Hill:McGraw-Hill_Concise_Dictionary_of_Modern_Medicine] synonym: "exposure to atmospheric cigarette smoke" RELATED [] relationship: OBO_REL:part_of XCO:0000009 ! controlled atmosphere composition created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-01-21T16:58:06Z [Term] id: XCO:0000390 name: antimetabolite def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is a substance which competes with or replaces a metabolite (a chemical that is part of the normal metabolism of a cell or body), and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization or activity. Antimetabolites are often structurally similar to the metabolite for which they substitute." [CHEBI:35221, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimetabolite] xref: CHEBI:35221 xref: MESH:D000963 is_a: XCO:0000341 ! chemical with specified function created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T15:47:34Z [Term] id: XCO:0000391 name: 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a synthetic nucleoside analog and antimetabolite of thymidine. Because BrdU substitutes for thymidine in DNA during replication its incorporation can be used as a marker of cell division." [CHEBI:472552, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromodeoxyuridine] synonym: "BrdU" RELATED [] synonym: "bromodeoxyuridine" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:472552 xref: MESH:D001973 is_a: XCO:0000390 ! antimetabolite is_a: XCO:0000392 ! nucleoside/nucleotide created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T15:58:44Z [Term] id: XCO:0000392 name: nucleoside/nucleotide def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is any of various compounds consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base and a sugar, usually ribose or deoxyribose, with (nucleotide) or without (nucleoside) one or more phosphate groups." [American_Heritage:The_American_Heritage_Medical_Dictionary_2007, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide] is_a: XCO:0000342 ! chemical with specified structure created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T16:00:28Z [Term] id: XCO:0000393 name: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine def: "A condition in which the main influencing factor is 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, DNA alkylating agent that is a potent carcinogen; used to induce colon tumours in experimental animals." [Mondofacto:Mondofacto_Online_Medical_Dictionary, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1\,2-dimethylhydrazine] synonym: "Hydrazomethane" RELATED [] synonym: "N,N'-dimethylhydrazine" EXACT [] synonym: "SDMH" RELATED [] synonym: "symmetrical dimethylhydrazine" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:73755 xref: MESH:D019813 is_a: XCO:0000089 ! neoplasm inducing chemical is_a: XCO:0000205 ! mutation inducing chemical created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T16:46:23Z [Term] id: XCO:0000394 name: controlled bile acid content diet def: "A regimen of solid food to which a specified amount of bile acid has been added. Bile acids are steroid acids derived from cholesterol in the liver (primary) or produced from primary bile acids by intestinal bacteria (secondary)." [Dorland:Dorlands_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary--31st_Ed, ISBN:978-1416049982] is_a: XCO:0000014 ! controlled content diet created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T16:57:51Z [Term] id: XCO:0000395 name: controlled 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide content drinking water def: "A drink made up of water and a specified amount of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, a tumorigenic derivative of quinoline N-oxide containing a nitro functional group (-NO2) at the 4 position of the quinoline bicyclic structure. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and its metabolite 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide bind to nucleic acids and cause lesions usually corrected by nucleotide excision repair." [CHEBI:16907, Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Nitroquinoline_1-oxide] synonym: "controlled 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide drinking water" EXACT [] synonym: "controlled 4NQO drinking water" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:16907 xref: MESH:D015112 is_a: XCO:0000163 ! controlled content drinking water created_by: JSmith creation_date: 2014-02-07T17:03:31Z [Typedef] id: OBO_REL:part_of name: part_of is_transitive: true