2025-06-25T08:25:49Z 2025-06-25T08:25:49Z Allotrope Foundation Ontology Merged Without QUDT And Inferred (REC/2025/06) This artifact contains all triples of Allotrope Foundation Merged Without QUDT Ontology Suite (REC/2025/06) together with triples inferred with HermiT. REC/2025/06 has property has predicate A reference to an object or datatype property. [Allotrope] has property has class A relation to a class of individuals. [Allotrope] has class is equivalent to Property is a note about a proposed logical expression in order to describe the term as defined class. [Allotrope] is equivalent to has proposed restriction Property is a note about a proposed expression of a restriction that the term should be a subclass of. [Allotrope] has proposed restriction has granularity Property specifies level of granularity the term mainly belongs to. [Allotrope] has granularity is aligned with BFO Property tracks terms that have been aligned with BFO during development. [Allotrope] is aligned with BFO is defined class Is defined class flags a resource as being a class that can be defined by necessary and sufficient conditions. [Allotrope] is defined class is replaced by role An annotation predicate used to identify entity replacement by a role. [Allotrope] is replaced by role has close match Has close match establishes a connection between two resources that have a high degree of agreement in meaning such that they can be used interchangeably. [Allotrope] Property is related to skos:closeMatch. skos:closeMatch is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope] has close match has exact match Has exact match establishes a connection between two resources that have completely same meaning such that they can be used interchangeably. [Allotrope] Property is related to skos:exactMatch. skos:exactMatch is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope] has exact match has related Has related establishes a connection between two resources that have an associative relationship. [Allotrope] Property is related to skos:related. Skos:related is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope] has related has perspective Reference that maps a class to a perspective. [Allotrope] has perspective is universal class Is universal class flags a resource as being a primitive class that stands on its own. [Allotrope] is universal class has coordination Has coordination annotates a class with some defining differentia. [Allotrope] has coordination has design pattern design pattern has pattern pattern Has design pattern annotates a resource with a reference to a design pattern. [Allotrope] has design pattern imported from 2020-12-15 Property has been added in order to replace pav:importedFrom. The difference between af-x:AFX_0002865 and pav:importedFrom is that the former is an annotation property whereas the latter is an object property. We added a new property in order to avoid issues of redeclaration of pav:importedFrom as annotation property. [Allotrope] The original source of imported information. [PAV] imported from derived from Derived from a different resource. [PAV] 2020-12-15 Property has been added in order to replace pav:derivedFrom. The difference between af-x:AFX_0002866 and pav:derivedFrom is that the former is an annotation property whereas the latter is an object property. We added a new property in order to avoid issues of redeclaration of pav:derivedFrom as annotation property. [Allotrope] derived from has polymorphic JSON schema A shape that describes a facet by sh:qualifiedValueShape in an Allotrope Simple Model (ASM) shape library can be marked with this annotation property. The property controls how the facet is translated into a JSON schema for the property. By setting this property to true, the JSON schema behaves as in SHACL, allowing subclasses to be used, otherwise the class is used directly. [Allotrope] The following shape defines a polymorphic "peak width" facet: af-s:AFS_0005312 a sh:PropertyShape ; sh:path af-x:AFX_0002803 ; # has facet sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:class af-r:AFR_0001075 ; # peak width af-x:AFX_0002874 true # generate polymorphic JSON schema ] ; sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ; . It is translated to a JSON schema that allows one of "peak width at half height": {} "peak width at 5% height": {} "peak width at 10% height": {} "peak width at baseline" : {} If the 'has polymorphic JSON schema' annotation is false or unspecified, then only "peak width": {} is allowed and the JSON schema is more restrictive than the SHACL shape. has polymorphic JSON schema Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label example of usage definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has axiom label abstract abstract access rights access rights alternative alternative available available bibliographic citation bibliographic citation conforms to conforms to coverage coverage created created creator creator date date date accepted date accepted date copyrighted date copyrighted date submitted date submitted description description extend extend format format has format has format has part has part has version has version identifier identifier is format of is format of is part of is part of is referenced by is referenced by is replaced by is replaced by is required by is required by is version of is version of language language medium medium references references relation relation replaces replaces requires requires rights holder rights holder source source spatial spatial subject subject table of contents table of contents temporal temporal type type valid valid The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. alternative label An alternative lexical label for a resource. Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel). change note A note about a modification to a concept. definition A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept. editorial note A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary. example An example of the use of a concept. The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. hidden label A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations. history note A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept. note A general note, for any purpose. This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types. A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag. The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. preferred label The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language. scope note A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept. has duration duration time Time is a measure in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them. [Wikipedia] has duration increment step size The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope] A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value. Step size of sweeping over 2Theta, unit ° increment selects applies uses 2020-11-12 Added alternative label and changed definition. [Allotrope] A planned process selects a participant if the participant is chosen to influence the process towards some objective but is itself not essentially changed by a process. [Allotrope] For the process of titration a pH meter is used as well as a sample and a standard solution. [Allotrope] selects refines This relation indicates that the subject is a more concrete instance of the object. [Allotrope] refines minimum The lowest value of a range or a set of values. [Allotrope] minimum maximum Highest value of a range. [Allotrope] maximum output of is output of Relates an output entity such as a material or information object with a process that exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope] output of input of is input of Relates an input entity such a material entity or information object with a process that exists at the start of the process. [Allotrope] input of is condition for A condition that restricts an entity. [Allotrope] is condition for has ingredient component has component ingredient An ingredient is a material that enters into a compound or is part of any combination or mixture. [Allotrope] has ingredient has shape shape Inverse of SHACL targets e.g. sh:targetClass or sh:targetNode. [Allotrope] has shape has scope in context in scope in situation scope A scope defines a situation or context in which a dependent entity such as a condition or contextual role occurs or is valid. [Allotrope] has scope has output 2020-06-08 Removed super property functionally related to. [Allotrope] Relates a process with a continuant that participates in the process and exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope] has output has input 2020-06-08 Removed super property functionally related to. [Allotrope] Relates a process with a continuant that participates in the process and exists at the start of the process. [Allotrope] has input has condition An entity has a condition that restricts the entity in some way. [Allotrope] has condition has data input Relates a process with an information object that participates in a process and exists the start of the process. [Allotrope] has data input has data output Relates a process with an information object that participates in the process and exists the end of the process. [Allotrope] has data output has material output The material that is output of the process. [Allotrope] has material output has item item member This property links a collection to a member item. [Allotrope] has item data input of is data input of Inverse of 'has data input'. [Allotrope] data input of material input of is material input of Inverse of 'has material input'. [Allotrope] material input of maximum exclusive The highest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope] maximum exclusive maximum inclusive The highest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope] maximum inclusive minimum exclusive The lowest value of a range or set of values excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope] minimum exclusive minimum inclusive The lowest value of a range or set of values including the boundary value. [Allotrope] minimum inclusive has material input Refers to the material entity that is an input of a process. [Allotrope] has material input has log has protocol log protocol The relation between a process and its log. A log is a steadily updated information object containing data of events in time such as process executions. [Allotrope] log files, auto export file of cell counter devices has log component of is component of A physical object that is a component that is a physical part of another physical object that is a system. [Allotrope] part of relation in the system perspective component of composed of consists of has material The property specifies of which kind of general portion of material something is built of. [Allotrope] a weighing pan that is composed of platinum [Allotrope] composed of has component has physical part A physical object that forms a system that has as part a physical entity that is one of its components. [Allotrope] has part relation in the system perspective has component has port Relation between a system and a component of it that has the role of a port in the system though which material, energy or information flows in or out of the system. [Allotrope] has port has capability capability The relation of an entity to a description of it which refers to the qualification of an entity to perform a certain function. [Allotrope] a part of a data sheet has capability contains The relation between a container and its physical content. A material entity a contains a material entity b if b is located in some cavity of a. [Allotrope] contains contained in Inverse of contains. [Allotrope] contained in has classification classification classified by A classification is a kind of categorization in order to differentiate between different classes of objects. [Allotrope] has classification connected to source attached to source has source A system that is attached to another system by an ingoing port. [Allotrope] connected to source connected to destination attached to destination has destination A system that is attached to another system by an outgoing port. [Allotrope] connected to destination has reference reference reference object Reference object relates an entity A to some entity B that is taken as a reference for A in a certain context. [Allotrope] reference for comparison reference object reference process has reference satisfies The relation between a proposition about of a portion of reality and a process asserting that the process is described truthfully by the description. [Allotrope] satisfies by way of The relation between a function with an objective and another function that when realized acts as a proxy to achieve the objective of the first. [Allotrope] by way of tracks quality A relation between a process profile and a changing determinable quality of some participant of the process of the profile. [Allotrope] An profile of the absorption in a chromatography is quality process profile of the quality absorption of some participating material. [Allotrope] The relation is usually used with punning of the quality. tracks quality quantified by has quantity value Relation of something that is quantified by some quantity value which expresses it relative to some other thing. [Allotrope] The duration of a process expressed as 60 sec expresses it in quantitative relation to the duration of some second defining process specified in the SI systems of units. quantified by quality tracked by The relation between a quality and a process profile in which the quality is changing. [Allotrope] quality tracked by process quantified by Relation of some process that is quantified by some quantity value which expresses its duration relative to other process or a temporal aggregation function on the quantification of a quality of some participant over this duration. [Allotrope] The process of injection has a material flow profile of the injected material that is quantified by the volume of 1 mL/sec. process quantified by profile mean quantified by The quantity value that is the result of averaging a quality of some participant of the process over the duration of the process or the quantification of the participant's quality at the temporal granularity of the duration of the process. [Allotrope] profile mean quantified by profile maximum quantified by The temporal maximum quantified by is the maximum of the quantification of some quality of a participant that occurred during the process. [Allotrope] profile maximum quantified by profile minimum quantified by The temporal minimum quantified by is the minimum of the quantification of some quality of a participant that occurred during the process. [Allotrope] profile minimum quantified by quality quantified by Quantification of some determinate quality which expresses it relative to some other (known) determinate quality. [Allotrope] A portion of water has some determinate temperature quality that is quantified by the quantity value of 15° C. quality quantified by has range Relation to a data item that describes the boundaries of possible or existing qualities, process profiles or process durations that can be ordered. [Allotrope] has range describes description of Describes is a property of an entity which has the ability to indicate or denote certain characteristics in another entity. [Allotrope] describes quality profile of The relation of a process profile of some changing quality to a process. [Allotrope] A pressure profile in chromatography. [Allotrope] quality profile of specifies Specifies is a relation between a specification and the object specified. [Allotrope] specifies has identifier identified by identifier is identified by The relation of an entity to an identifier that denotes it. [Allotrope] has identifier identifies The relation of an identifier to the entity it denotes. [Allotrope] identifies occurrent quantified by Occurrent quantified by relates an occurrent entity with an information content entity that is a quantification of the occurrent (duration, rate). [Allotrope] occurrent quantified by item of in collection is item in member of 2017-11-16 Changed pref label [OSTHUS] 2018-07-23 Change hierarchy, subproperty of member of [Allotrope] In collection relates an item to a collection entity. [Allotrope] item of quality influenced by influenced by Inverse of quality influences. [Allotrope] quality influenced by quality influences influences Holds between qualities a and b such that if a process changes the quality to some other instance a' then for some a' it is necessary that b changes to another instance b'. [Allotrope] volume influences density quality influences quality strongly influences Holds between qualities a and b such that if a process changes the quality to some other instance a' != a then for all a' it is necessary that b changes to another instance b' != b. [Allotrope] quality strongly influences quality strongly influenced by strongly influenced by Inverse of quality strongly influences. [Allotrope] quality strongly influenced by contextual role of is contextual role of Inverse of has contextual role. [Allotrope] contextual role of W. Ceusters, P. Elkin, B. Smith Referent Tracking: The Problem of Negative Findings 2006 lacks Property describing the absence of a particular in relation to another particular depending on its spatio-temporal existence. [Allotrope] if punning to a universal class: A particular is not the instance of a given class at some given time. A particular is not related in a specific way to any instance of a universal at some given time. lacks facet implemented as concretized as facet concretized as facet represented as implemented as represented as The relation between the abstract facet and a specific information that represents the facet. [Allotrope] a label facet can be implemented as a barcode or written text This relation is intended to bridge between different perspectives on the taxonomy of information content entities. facet implemented as has contextual role The relation between an information object and its contextual role. [Allotrope] has contextual role in process has contextual role in process The relation between a conceptual role and the process where the contextual role is realized. [Allotrope] in process data output of is data output of Inverse of 'has data output'. [Allotrope] data output of material output of is material output of Inverse of 'has material output'. [Allotrope] material output of has proposition has content The relation between a representation and its content independent of form. [Allotrope] has proposition has representation form The relation between the information and the way it is represented. [Allotrope] has representation form has effort component Has effort component relates an energy with its quality of effort. [Allotrope] has effort component has flow component Has flow component relates an energy with its quality of flow. [Allotrope] has flow component has information derived from An information content entity has information derived from some other information content entity, if there is a data processing that transforms the other into it, either transforming the representational form or the content. [Allotrope] has information derived from affects 2018-10-24 Moved to relation ontology. [Allotrope] P has direct input c if and only if c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p, c is present at the end of p. [Allotrope] affects consumes P has output c if and only if c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and c is not present at the end of p. [Allotrope] An experimental step consumes a sample. [Allotrope] consumes targets has focus 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A planned process targets a continuant if the continuant is a participant in the process and it in important part of towards the main objective of the process' plan. [Allotrope] A hardness test targets the hardness quality. [Allotrope] targets has proper part Has proper part is an antisymmetric, irreflexive (normally transitive) relation between a whole and a distinct part. [SIO] An atom has subatomic particles as its proper parts. has proper part facet of is facet of Facet of relates two information content entities where one information content entity is an aspect of the other one. [Allotrope] facet of has categorical value has code 2020-12-01 Add alt label. [Allotrope] Has categorical value is a facet that relates an information content entity to a code that describes a category for classification. [Allotrope] has categorical value has description described by description is described by Has description relates an entity to an information content entity that is its description. [Allotrope] has description has facet Relation between an information content entity and some part of it called a facet that is covers some general aspect of information context. [Allotrope] a timestamp a title an ordering has facet has specification specification specified by Has specification relates an entity to an information content entity that is its specification. [Allotrope] has specification classifies The relation between a classification and something that is grouped by the classification. [Allotrope] classifies implements facet concretizes concretizes facet implements represents represents facet 2018-08-29 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Inverse of facet concretized as. [Allotrope] implements facet quantifies The relation of an information object to an entity that gives some indication of magnitude of a quality, information facet or process. [Allotrope] quantifies index of is index of The relation between an index and the entity in an aggregate or list it denotes. [Allotrope] index of has index The relation between an object and an index that denotes the object within an aggregate the object is member of. [Allotrope] has index proxy for The relation between a proxy entity and a target entity where the target entity is a real participant in some process or the subject of an information content entity but is not referenced directly, but instead the proxy is used as a surrogate or representation for it. [Allotrope] A measurement of a quality to indirectly measure another quality. An object aggregate as a proxy for a collection. proxy for has concept The relation an entity and an associated SKOS concept. [Allotrope] The relation is intended to relate a classifying datum with a SKOS concept, but there might be other uses. [Allotrope] has concept has direct part A core relation that holds between a whole and a proper part without an intermediate part at a level of granularity. [Allotrope] has direct part is followed by before has follower has successor leading preceeds prior 2020-06-22 Added alt labels, subclassed under 'related by order'. [Allotrope] Is followed by is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff o(P) < o(S) then P is followed by S. [Allotrope] is followed by follows after has predecessor post succeeds trailing 2020-06-22 Added alt labels, subclassed under 'related by order'. [Allotrope] Follows is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff o(S) > o(P) the S follows P. [Allotrope] follows is immediately followed by has next next Is immediately followed by is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff for members P, S of the sequence, there is no member I that o(P) < o(I) < o(S), then P is immediately followed by S. [Allotrope] is immediately followed by immediately follows has previous previous Immediately follows is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff for members P, S of the sequence, there is no member I that o(S) > o(I) > o(P), then S follows P. [Allotrope] immediately follows relation of Relation of is a relation of a relational entity to the referred entities. [Allotrope] A ratio quality is relation of two qualities of the same kind, whose magnitude is a ratio value. A sum datum is relation of its summands. This predicate is often used with punning, to avoid pre-coordination of ratios or differences. A af-q:ratio 'af-x:relation of' pato:mass is a mass ratio quality. relation of relates to Relates to is a relation between a directed relational entity to the target of the relation. [Allotrope] A ratio relates to the denominator. relates to relates from Relates from is a relation between a directed relational entity to the source of the relation. [Allotrope] A ratio relates from the numerator. relates from defines The relation between a definition and the entity that is defined by it. [Allotrope] defines has definition defined by is defined by Has definition relates an entity to an information content entity that is its definition. [Allotrope] has definition ingredient of is ingredient of Inverse of has ingredient. [Allotrope] ingredient of proper part of is proper part of Inverse of has proper part. [Allotrope] proper part of direct part of is direct part of Inverse of has direct part. [Allotrope] direct part of observes A process observing process p observes a process q if p produces information about the process q, such as the duration, or about some independent continuant participating in q in an important active or passive role. [Allotrope] observes applies conforms to follows An entity applies a specification or mathematical function, if the specification specifies the entity and the entity conforms or follows the specification. [Allotrope] applies fulfills meets A relation between a realizable entity and a requirement, that states that the process or process boundary that realizes it, satisfies all conditions of the requirement. [Allotrope] fulfills is log of is protocol of log of protocol of The relation between a log and the process the log is describing. [Allotrope] is log of is capability of capability of The relation between a capability proposition and the subject it is about. [Allotrope] is capability of related by order to A relation between entities that are ordered into a list. [Allotrope] related by order to target of is focus of is target of A continuant is target of a planned process if the continuant is a participant in the process and it in important part of towards the main objective of the process' plan. [Allotrope] target of selected in applied in used in A continuant is selected or used in planned process if the participant is chosen to influence the process towards some objective but is itself not essentially changed by a process. [Allotrope] selected in has state Has state is a relation between an continuant c and a state s where the c participates in s and s is expressed in the same way in terms of c at all times during s. [Allotrope] has state state of is state of A relation between a state s and a continuant c where the c is a participant of s and s is expressed in the same way in terms of c at all times during s. [Allotrope] state of has statistic datum role The relation between an information content object and its statistic datum role. [Allotrope] has statistic datum role part of part of has part has part realized in realized in realizes realizes preceded by is preceded by X is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y if and only if ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO] preceded by precedes X precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y if and only if ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO] precedes occurs in unfolds in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [RO] occurs in contains process site of inverse of occurs in contains process located at occupies spatial region occupies spatial region at some time b located at r means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located. [BFO] located at exists at b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. [BFO] exists at has occurrent part b has occurrent part c =Def. b has part c & b and c are occurrents. has occurrent part has proper occurrent part B has_proper_occurrent_part c =Def. b has_occurrent_part c & b and c are not identical. [BFO] has proper occurrent part has profile has profile occupies spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. [BFO] occupies spatiotemporal region part of occurrent b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. [BFO] part of occurrent process profile of process profile of proper part of occurrent B proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. [BFO] proper part of occurrent temporal part of B temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). [BFO] The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life. [BFO] The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game. [BFO] The process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life. [BFO] The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating. [BFO] temporal part of during which exists inverse of exists at [BFO] during which exists history of b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of c history of has history inverse of history of has history is about This document is about information artifacts and their representations. [IAO] is about denotes Denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically [IAO] A person's name denotes the person. [IAO] A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. [IAO] Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. [IAO] denotes proxy for is proxy for A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within a protocol application, measurement of c1 is related to a what would be the measurement of c2. [OBI] Florescent intensity is proxy for amount of protein labeled with GFP [OBI] position on a gel is proxy for mass and charge of molecule in an western blot [OBI] proxy for has grain The relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car. [OBI] has grain is grain of A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole. [OBI] is grain of inheres in inheres in bearer of is bearer of A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO] A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. [RO] this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility bearer of participates in is participant of A relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process [RO] participates in has participant A relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process [RO] this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) has participant concretized by is concretized as A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. [RO] A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). [RO] An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). [RO] concretized by concretizes A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. [RO] A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). concretizes function of is function of A relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO] function of quality of Inverse of has quality [RO] quality of role of is role of A relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO] role of has function A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO] A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. [RO] this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) has function has quality A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO] A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. [RO] this apple has quality this red color has quality has role A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence [RO] A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. [RO] this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) [RO] has role has disposition A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence, [RO] has disposition disposition of Inverse of has disposition [RO] disposition of derives from A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity. [RO] this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) derives from derives into A relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity. [RO] This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. [RO] derives into location of is location of a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location [RO] this cage is the location of this rat location of located in A relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location. [RO] located in 2D boundary of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity [RO] A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. [RO] Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. [RO] the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body 2D boundary of has 2D boundary a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity [RO] A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. [RO] Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. [RO] has 2D boundary occurrent part of A part of relation that applies only between occurrents. [RO] occurrent part of before or simultaneous with Primitive instance level timing relation between events [RO] before or simultaneous with simultaneous with t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) [RO] simultaneous with before t1 before t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simulataneous_with t2 and not (t1 simultaneous_with t2) [RO] before during which ends during which ends encompasses encompasses ends after X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) [RO] ends after immediately preceded by starts at end of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) [RO] immediately preceded by during which starts during which starts starts before starts before immediately precedes ends at start of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) [RO] immediately precedes starts during X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) [RO] starts during happens during during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) [RO] happens during ends during X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). [RO] ends during overlaps x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y [RO] overlaps continuous with X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. [RO] continuous with spatially disjoint from A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common [RO] Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy [RO] spatially disjoint from connected to a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b [RO] connected to connects C connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. [IAO] connects attached to part of A is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. [IAO] attached to part of has component W 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. [RO] For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. [RO] has component regulates Process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO] regulates negatively regulates (process to process) Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO] negatively regulates (process to process) positively regulates (process to process) Process(P1) positively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO] positively regulates (process to process) capable of has function realized in A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. [RO] this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P) mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception [RO] capable of capable of part of has function in C stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. [RO] capable of part of actively participates in agent in X actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role [RO] actively participates in has active participant has agent X has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y [RO] has active participant surrounded by X surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x [RO] surrounded by adjacent to X adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. [RO] A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. adjacent to surrounds Inverse of surrounded by [RO] surrounds temporally related to A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. [RO] temporally related to starts Inverse of starts with [RO] starts starts with X starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) and ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO] starts with ends Inverse of ends with [RO] ends ends with X ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) and ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO] ends with acts upstream of C involved in regulation of p if c enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of p [RO] acts upstream of acts upstream of or within C acts upstream of or within p if c is enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of or within p [RO] acts upstream of or within causally upstream of, positive effect causally upstream of, positive effect causally upstream of, negative effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y [RO] causally upstream of, negative effect inheres in part of Q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. [RO] inheres in part of mereotopologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship [RO] Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships [RO] mereotopologically related to contributes to if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p [RO] contributes to enables catalyzes executes This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. [RO] a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity [RO] enables functionally related to This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function. [RO] functionally related to involved in actively involved in enables part of C involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p [RO] involved in regulates levels of (process to entity) regulates levels of P regulates levels of c if p regulates some amount (PATO:0000070) of c [RO] every cellular sphingolipid homeostasis process regulates_level_of some sphingolipid regulates levels of (process to entity) enabled by inverse of enables [RO] enabled by regulated by regulated by negatively regulated by Inverse of negatively regulates [RO] negatively regulated by positively regulated by Inverse of positively regulates [RO] positively regulated by related via localization to A relationship that holds via some process of localization. [RO] related via localization to has target start location This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. [RO] has target start location has target end location This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. [RO] has target end location results in transport along Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l. [RO] results in transport along results in transport across Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. [RO] results in transport across results in transport to from or in 'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739) results in transport to from or in member of member part of Inverse of has member An organism that is a member of a population of organisms. [RO] member of has member Has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. [RO] has member attached to A is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a. [IAO] attached to spatially coextensive with X spatially_coextensive_with y if and only if x and y have the same location [RO] A lump of clay and a statue spatially coextensive with causally downstream of inverse of upstream of [RO] causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of inverse of immediately causally upstream of immediately causally downstream of causally related to Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [IAO] This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes. [IAO] causally related to causally upstream of P is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain [RO] causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of P is immediately causally upstream of q if and only if both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. [RO] immediately causally upstream of causally upstream of or within affects P 'causally upstream or within' q if and only if (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. [RO] causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within causally downstream of or within involved in regulation of C involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some 'p' and p' regulates some p [RO] involved in regulation of involved in positive regulation of involved in positive regulation of involved in negative regulation of involved in negative regulation of involved in or involved in regulation of involved in or regulates C involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p [RO] involved in or involved in regulation of interacts with pairwise interacts with A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. [RO] This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. [RO] interacts with partner in relation used for defining interaction relations. An interaction relation holds when there is an interaction event with two partners. In a directional interaction, one partner is deemed the subject, the other the target [RO] partner in subject participant in subject in relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'subject participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process. [RO] in a predator-prey interaction process the subject is the predator subject participant in target participant in target in Relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'target participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process [RO] in a predator-prey interaction process the target is the prey target participant in causal agent in process causal agent in A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process. [RO] causal agent in process causal relation between processes P is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. [RO] causal relation between processes depends on Being determined, based or contingent on something. [Allotrope] depends on towards Q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 [RO] This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. [RO] towards has intermediate has intermediate product P has intermediate c if and only if p has parts p1, p2 and p1 has output c, and p2 has input c [RO] has intermediate causal relation between material entities Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [RO] causal relation between material entities determined by (system to material entity) determined by S determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. [RO] determined by (system to material entity) determines (material entity to system) determines determines (material entity to system) determined by part of S 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. [RO] determined by part of sequentially related to A relation that holds between two entities that have the property of being sequences or having sequences. [RO] sequentially related to sequentially adjacent to x is sequentially adjacent to y if and only if x and y do not overlap and if there are no base units intervening between x and y [RO] sequentially adjacent to has start sequence started by x has start sequence y if the start of x is identical to the start of y, and x has y as a subsequence [RO] has start sequence is start sequence of starts inverse of has start sequence [RO] is start sequence of has end sequence ended by x has end sequence y if the end of x is identical to the end of y, and x has y as a subsequence [RO] has end sequence is end sequence of ends inverse of has end sequence [RO] is end sequence of bounds sequence of x bounds the sequence of y if and only if the upstream-most part of x is upstream of or coincident with the upstream-most part of y, and the downstream-most part of x is downstream of or coincident with the downstream-most part of y [RO] bounds sequence of is bound by sequence of inverse of bounds sequence of [RO] is bound by sequence of has subsequence contains x has subsequence y if and only if all of the sequence parts of x are sequence parts of y [RO] has subsequence is subsequence of contained by inverse of has subsequence [RO] is subsequence of overlaps sequence of x overlaps the sequence of x if and only if x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y. [RO] overlaps sequence of does not overlap sequence of disconnected from x does not overlaps the sequence of x if and only if there is no z such that x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y. [RO] does not overlap sequence of is upstream sequence of inverse of downstream sequence of [RO] is upstream sequence of is downstream of sequence of x is downstream of the sequence of y if and only if either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, and x is either immediately downstream of y, or transitively downstream of y. [RO] is downstream of sequence of is immediately downstream of sequence of x is immediately downstream of the sequence of y if and only if either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, and x is sequentially adjacent to y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, in which case the immediately downstream relation is primitive and defined by context: for DNA bases, y would be adjacent and 5' to y [RO] is immediately downstream of sequence of is immediately upstream sequence of inverse of immediately downstream of [RO] is immediately upstream sequence of causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b [RO] causally influences (material entity to material entity) conduit for X is a conduit for y if and only if y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. [RO] This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. [RO] conduit for has part structure that is capable of S 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p [RO] has part structure that is capable of causal relation between material entity and a process A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. [RO] causal relation between material entity and a process is marker for C is marker for d if and only if the presence or occurrence of d is correlated with the presence of occurrence of c, and the observation of c is used to infer the presence or occurrence of d. Note that this does not imply that c and d are in a direct causal relationship, as it may be the case that there is a third entity e that stands in a direct causal relationship with c and d. [RO] is marker for related via dependence to A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. [RO] Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [IAO] related via dependence to correlated with A relationship that holds between two entities, where the entities exhibit a statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. [RO] Groups both positive and negative correlation correlated with produces a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. [RO] Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue [RO] chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent produces produced by inverse of produces produced by causes or contributes to condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition. [RO] causes or contributes to condition causes condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal role for the condition. [RO] causes condition contributes to condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition. [RO] contributes to condition has quantity kind quantity kind has quantity kind has quantity value quantity value has quantity value has unit unit has unit has broader match skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree). has broader Relates a concept to a concept that is more general in meaning. By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. has broader transitive skos:broaderTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader. By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. has close match skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property. skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch. has exact match skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a sub-property of skos:closeMatch. has top concept Relates, by convention, a concept scheme to a concept which is topmost in the broader/narrower concept hierarchies for that scheme, providing an entry point to these hierarchies. is in scheme Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included. A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme. These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice. is in mapping relation with Relates two concepts coming, by convention, from different schemes, and that have comparable meanings has member Relates a collection to one of its members. For any resource, every item in the list given as the value of the skos:memberList property is also a value of the skos:member property. has member list Relates an ordered collection to the RDF list containing its members. has narrower match skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree). has narrower Relates a concept to a concept that is more specific in meaning. By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. has narrower transitive skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:narrower. By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. skos:related is disjoint with skos:broaderTransitive has related Relates a concept to a concept with which there is an associative semantic relationship. has related match skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. is in semantic relation with Links a concept to a concept related by meaning. This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts. is top concept in scheme Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level concept of. 0 count number of objects objects count size The number of objects counted. [Allotrope] count minimum value The lowest value of a range of literals. [Allotrope] minimum value minimum value exclusive The lowest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope] minimum value exclusive minimum value inclusive The lowest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope] minimum value inclusive maximum value The highest value of a range of literals. [Allotrope] maximum value maximum value exclusive The highest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope] maximum value exclusive maximum value inclusive The highest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope] maximum value inclusive is valid valid The property flags an information as correct and without errors. [Allotrope] is valid 0 index Position in an ordered list. [Allotrope] index increment value step size value The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope] A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value. increment value has value value The literal piece of information as part of some information entity object. [Allotrope] has value collection size count length size The collection size is the number of entries in a collection. [Allotrope] collection size reference value A value that used as a basis for comparison. [Allotrope] reference value 0 tensor rank degree order rank Tensor rank is the total number of indices required to identify each component of a tensor uniquely. It is equal to the dimension of the tensor. [Wikipedia] tensor rank 0 index 1 The second index value in a multi-dimensional datum. [Allotrope] index 1 0 index 0 The first index value in a multi-dimensional datum. [Allotrope] index 0 minimum error exclusive error min exclusive Minimum error exclusive is the absolute error amount (exclusive) by which the actual value could be lower than the stated value. [Allotrope] minimum error exclusive maximum error exclusive error max exclusive Maximum error exclusive is the absolute error amount (exclusive) by which the actual value could be higher than the stated value. [Allotrope] maximum error exclusive has numeric value numeric value has numeric value has relative standard uncertainty relative standard uncertainty The relative standard uncertainty of a measurement is the (absolute) standard uncertainty divided by the magnitude of the exact value. [QUDT] has relative standard uncertainty has standard uncertainty standard uncertainty The standard uncertainty of a quantity is the estimated standard deviation of the mean taken from a series of measurements. [QUDT] has standard uncertainty has symbol symbol The symbol for a unit is a glyph that is used to represent the unit in a compact form. [QUDT] For example, the symbol for the US Dollar is $. This contrasts with unit:abbreviation, which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit. (I.e. USD for US Dollar). [QUDT] has symbol notation A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme. notation By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple. true range A range is an interval of values with a lower and/or upper limit. [Allotrope] range true codelist A set of codes in a controlled vocabulary. [Allotrope] codelist true 2020-12-01 Changed parent to symbol. [Allotrope] code categorical value enumeration value An entry in a list of controlled symbols denoting a classification. [Allotrope] code true condition A condition is an information content entity that is about the portion of reality under which something occurs or is valid. The condition is limited by its scope and may have preconditions. It restricts the possible realizations. [Allotrope] condition true and condition and 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope] An and condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if all condition items of it are valid. [Allotrope] and condition true or condition or 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope] An or condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if at least one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope] or condition true one of condition exclusive or condition one of xor xor condition 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A one of condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if exactly one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope] one of condition true list sequence A list is an ordered collection of items. [Allotrope] list true list item item An entry in a list. [Allotrope] list item true series A series is a list (ordered collection) of literal values. [Allotrope] series true series item An individual entry in a series with an index and a numeric value. [Allotrope] series item collection An aggregation of data items for a purpose. [Allotrope] A collection itself is never an object aggregate, but an abstraction and might be about an object aggregate. collection true item element An item is an individual member of some collection. [Allotrope] The item is not a physical object that is member of an object aggregate, but is an abstraction that might be about such an object. item true set A collection where each member is disjoint from another. [Allotrope] set Bernhard Wolf (31 August 1995). Handbook of Ion Sources. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2502-1. ion source ionization source A ion source is a device that has the function to produce or provide ions. [Allotrope] ion source of a mass spectrometer ion source true plumbing equipment piping components piping equipment plumbing components tubing components tubing equipment Plumbing equipment are devices used as components of a plumbing system. [Allotrope] plumbing equipment true sample passage A sample passage is the compartment of a device that handles the conveying of samples. [Allotrope] sample passage true calorimeter A piece of apparatus that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. [CHMO] calorimeter true gas chromatograph GC device gas chromatography device 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope] 2020-03-20 Added restriction. [Allotrope] A piece of apparatus, consisting of a gas supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO] gas chromatograph true well plate block plate well block 2020-06-22 Moved under tray. [Allotrope] 2020-12-10 Added labels. [Allotrope] A plate is a tray with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. [Wikipedia] well plate true mass-to-charge analyzer mass analyzer A mass-to-charge analyzer is a separation device that separates ionized masses by their mass to charge ratio. [Allotrope] mass-to-charge analyzer barcode reader barcode scanner A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. [Wikipedia] barcode reader true anode The anode is the electrode that acts as positive pole if voltage is applied (place of oxidation). [Allotrope] anode autosampler AS automated sampler autosampler module A piece of equipment that allows for automated sampling or sample loading. [Allotrope] autosampler device system system 2020-03-24 Added restriction. [Allotrope] An artificial system that is mainly composed of devices. [Allotrope] device system true capillary column A piece of apparatus that has the form of a tube with a diameter of less than a millimeter and hosts the stationary bed in chromatography. [CHMO] capillary column electrochemical coulometer A piece of apparatus, consisting of an electrolytic cell, that is used to determine electric charge by measuring the amount of an element deposited or released at the cathode during a specified time. [Allotrope] electrochemical coulometer true L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872 fraction collector A fraction collector is a collecting device for recovering fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC] fraction collector true diode array detector DAD PDA PDAD photodiode array detector A piece of apparatus, consisting of a two-dimensional pattern of diodes and a prism, that is used to detect organic compounds. As the sample passes through a cell or cuvette it is illuminated with light in the region 190-1100 nm and any light transmitted through the sample is dispersed by the prism, so that light of different wavelengths falls on different diodes. The output from the array is used to construct an absorption spectrum that can be compared with standard spectra for identification purposes. Alternatively, a single diode can be used to monitor a specific wavelength at which there is maximum absorption. [CHMO] diode array detector true electromagnetic radiation source EMR source light source A source of a range of electromagnetic waves. [Allotrope] electromagnetic radiation source flow cell A flow cell is a measurement chamber that allows the sample to flow through. [Allotrope] flow cell Karl-Fischer coulometer Karl Fischer coulometer Karl Fischer coulometric titrator A Karl-Fischer coulometer is a piece of apparatus, consisting of an electrolytic cell with an anodic compartment containing sulfur dioxide (SO2), iodide and a cathodic compartment containing the sample, which is used to determine trace amounts of water in a sample by measuring the time and current flow required to reach the titration end-point. [CHMO] Karl-Fischer coulometer true porous-layer open-tubular column PLOT column An open-tubular column in which a porous layer, achieved by either etching a non-porous layer or by deposition of porous particles from a suspension, coats the inner wall and may serve as a support for a liquid stationary phase or as the stationary phase itself. [CHMO] porous-layer open-tubular column K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 skimmer A skimmer is a cone with a central orifice that intercepts the center of a spray or jet expansion to sample the central portion of the expansion, for example, as in a momentum separator. [IUPAC] skimmer optical microscope light microscope An optical microscope is a microscope that is consisting of an eyepiece, an objective lens, object turret, stage, and light source, which collects electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. [CHMO] optical microscope true analytical column A chromatography column used for analysis. [Allotrope] analytical column overhead stirrer stirring rod An overhead stirrer is a stirrer that is made up of a stirring rod with a paddle, anchor or propeller end that is driven by an overhead motor on a stand. [Allotrope] overhead stirrer channel (communication) channel communication channel A communication channel or channel, refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel. A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one or several receivers. [Wikipedia] channel (communication) true reactor A reactor is a container for controlling a biological or chemical reaction or process. [Allotrope] reactor open chromatographic bed A piece of apparatus that is planar and is or hosts the stationary bed in chromatography. [CHMO] open chromatographic bed K. Grob, Split and Splitless Injection for Quantitative Gas Chromatography: Concepts, Processes, Practical Guidelines, Sources of Error, 4th, Completely Revised Edition (Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2001). gas chromatograph inlet GC injector GC inlet column injector column inlet gas chromatograph injector An inlet into a gas chromatograph. [Allotrope] gas chromatograph inlet true ultra high-performance liquid chromatograph RRLC RSLC UFLC UHPLC UPLC rapid resolution liquid chromatograph rapid separation liquid chromatograph ultra fast liquid chromatograph ultra performance liquid chromatograph 2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope] Liquid chromatograph that implements the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. [Allotrope] ultra high-performance liquid chromatograph true spectrophotometer 2018-03-06 Changed definition to Aristotelian form. [Allotrope] A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity of light at each individual wavelength. [Allotrope] spectrophotometer true stir bar A stir bar is a small magnetic bar used in a magnetic stirrer. [Allotrope] stir bar RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TERMINOLOGY TO BE USED WITH PRECISION BALANCES, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1(1), 171-176 analytical balance legal metrology definition of analytical balances An analytical balance has a capacity of 50 - 200 g with a precision of 0.01 - 0.05 mg. [IUPAC] analytical balance https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_ionization_detector flame ionization detector FID A flame ionization detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions created via flame ionization. [Allotrope] flame ionization detector true chromatography column column A chromatography column is a type of column that contains a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of compounds. [Allotrope] chromatography column electron ionization source EI source electron impact source An electron ionization source is an ion source that consists of an ionization chamber and a thin strip of metal that is heated electrically to incandescence or a temperature at which it emits free electrons that are accelerated through a potential to an energy where they ionize the sample. [CHMO] electron ionization source high-performance liquid chromatograph HPLC system high-performance liquid chromatography system 2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope] A high-performance liquid chromatograph is an instrument used for HPLC that is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate the components in a mixture, to identify each component, and to quantify each component. It has pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different components and leading to the separation of the components as they flow out the column. [Wikipedia] high-performance liquid chromatograph true high-performance liquid chromatography column HPLC column A chromatography column that contains very small particles and is capable of taking a high inlet pressure. [CHMO] high-performance liquid chromatography column true PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) chromatographic detector A chromatography detector is a detector that is used in chromatography as component of a chromatography system. [Allotrope] chromatographic detector true weighing device weighing instrument A weighing device is a measurement device for measuring mass by the gravitational force on earth. [Allotrope] weighing device true injection device injector A device that introduces objects into the inside of another object. [Allotrope] injection device true strong anion-exchange column SAX column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a strong anion exchanger. [CHMO] strong anion-exchange column true homogenizer A homogenizer is a device used for homogenization of various types of material. [Wikipedia] homogenizer true weak anion-exchange column WAX column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a weak anion exchanger. [CHMO] weak anion-exchange column true support-coated open-tubular column SCOT column An open-tubular column in which a layer of porous particles deposited from a suspension coats the inner wall and serves as a support for a liquid stationary phase. [CHMO] support-coated open-tubular column true thermal conductivity detector TCD 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope] 2018-12-20 Changed definition to align with other GC detectors. [Allotrope] A thermal conductivity detector is a measurement component that measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. [Allotrope] thermal conductivity detector true detector Any piece of apparatus used to detect an analyte. [CHMO] detector compartment A separate enclosed physical section of a device that can contain other devices. [Allotrope] compartment true pressure sensor A sensor that measures the pressure. [Allotrope] pressure sensor vial flacon phial reaction vial A vial is a small vessel or bottle. [Allotrope] vial capillary A capillary is a tube with a small diameter. [Allotrope] capillary true temperature controlled chamber temp controlled chamber A temperature controlled chamber is a chamber or enclosed space in which a temperature can be controlled and set to a specific value. [Allotrope] temperature controlled chamber true device engineered artifact A device is an artifact that is designed to perform a function primarily by means of its mechanical or electrical nature. [Allotrope] A device has a designed form or physical structure. This distinguishes a device from a chemical and a biological artifact, that are typical bulk or portions of materials without a designed form. [Allotrope] device true strong cation-exchange column SCX column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a strong cation exchanger. [CHMO] strong cation-exchange column true refractive index detector RI detector refractive-index detector 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope] A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a hollow prism and a photoelectric cell that is used to detect non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. Light from the sample passes through a flow cell with two channels towards the photoelectric cell. One channel holds the eluent from the column, whereas the other holds a control sample (solvent that has not passed through the column). Detection occurs when the light is bent due to molecules eluting from the column, and this is read as a disparity between the two channels. [CHMO] refractive index detector true electrolytic conductivity detector ECD Hall electrolytic conductivity detector 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope] A conductivity probe to calculate the conductance value of a material at the selected reference temperature. [Allotrope] electrolytic conductivity detector chemical ionization source CI source A chemical ionization source is an ion source that consists of a high-pressure ionization chamber containing a reagent gas (for example N2, O2 or H2O) which is ionized by high-energy electrons from a heated strip of metal and goes on to react with the analyte to ionize it. [CHMO] chemical ionization source magnetic stirrer A magnetic stirrer or magnetic mixer is a laboratory device that employs a rotating magnetic field to cause a stir bar (also called "flea") immersed in a liquid to spin very quickly, thus stirring it. [Wikipedia] magnetic stirrer true reservoir The reservoir is a container that stores solutions. [Allotrope] reservoir true chromatograph A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO] chromatograph true container vessel A device that has the function to contain material. [Allotrope] box, can, plate, rack tray, flask, vial container true thermometer A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. [Allotrope] thermometer ultraviolet-visible spectrometer UV spectrophotometer UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer UV-VIS spectrometer UV-VIS spectrophotometer UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrometer UV-Vis spectrometer UV-vis absorption spectrometer UV-vis absorption spectrophotometer UV-vis spectrometer UV-vis spectrophotometer UV-visible spectrometer UV/VIS absorption spectrophotometer UV/VIS spectrometer UV/VIS spectrophotometer UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometer UV/Vis spectrometer UV/Vis spectrophotometer absorption spectrophotometer electronic absorption spectrometer molecular electronic absorption spectrometer ultra-violet-visible spectrometer ultraviolet-visible spectrometer ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the range ultraviolet to visible (190--800 nm). [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible spectrometer true electrode An electrode is an electrically-conducting device that exchanges electrons with an electrolyte as part of an electrical circuit. [Allotrope] electrode true guard column A short protective chromatography column used to protect the main analytical column from damaging impurities that are injected into the instrument. [Allotrope] guard column true gel filtration chromatograph GPC gel permeation chromatograph A piece of apparatus, consisting of an eluent supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column containing a swollen gel, a detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO] gel filtration chromatograph sample inlet A sample inlet is an in port of a measurement or separation device where sample material is passing in to the device. [Allotrope] sample inlet true optical spectrometer A piece of apparatus used to measure a spectrum by illumination with light. [Allotrope] optical spectrometer true damper A damper is an inhibition device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. [Wikipedia] damper true pump A pump is a device that is used to pump. [CHMO] pump true cation-exchange column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a cation exchanger. [CHMO] cation-exchange column true cell counter cell counter analyzer cell counter device cell counter instrument cell density module cell viability module off-line analyzer A device used to count the number of cells present in known volume of sample to determine the overall concentration cells per unit volume. [Allotrope] cell counter K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 quadrupole mass spectrometer QMS quad-MS A piece of apparatus that consists of an ion source, a mass-to-charge analyzer, a detector and a vacuum system and is used to measure mass spectra. The detector is a quadrupole mass-to-charge analyzer, which holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [IUPAC] quadrupole mass spectrometer true temperature controller temperature control temperature control device thermostat A device used to control the temperature in a compartment. [Allotrope] temperature controller true cathode The cathode is the electrode that acts as negative pole if voltage is applied (place of reduction). [Allotrope] cathode true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector electron capture detector ECD An electron capture detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization. [Allotrope] electron capture detector vial rack tray vial plate vial tray 2020-06-22 Moved under tray, renamed and updated definition. [Allotrope] A vial rack is a tray capable of holding multiple vials within a defined layout. [Allotrope] vial rack K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 Paul ion trap QIT QUISTOR quadrupole ion storage trap quadrupole ion trap Ion trapping device that depends on the application of radio frequency potentials between a ring electrode and two end-cap electrodes to confine the ion motion to a cyclic path described by an appropriate form of the Mathieu equation. The choice of these potentials determines the m/z value below which ions are not trapped. [IUPAC] Paul ion trap true anion-exchange column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is an anion exchanger. [CHMO] anion-exchange column true Raman spectrometer A Raman spectrometer is a piece of apparatus that allows for the measurement of Raman spectra. It consists of a laser and a detector. [Allotrope] Raman spectrometer ultraviolet spectrometer UV spectrometer UV spectrophotometer ultra-violet spectrometer ultraviolet spectrometry A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the ultraviolet range (190-400 nm). [CHMO] ultraviolet spectrometer true data acquisition device A device to acquire signals or data. [Allotrope] data acquisition device true splitter A device used to split a fluid into two component streams. [Allotrope] splitter true fluorescence detector FLD 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope] A fluorescence detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the emitted fluorescence light after excitation with light. [Allotrope] fluorescence detector blood gas analyzer A blood gas analyzer is a device that is used for blood gas measurement. [Allotrope] blood gas analyzer true capillary electrophoresis column A capillary electrophoresis column is a type of column that is used in capillary electrophoresis. [Allotrope] capillary electrophoresis column true degasser A degasser is a device to remove gasses from a fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. [Wikipedia] degasser A. G. Marshall, C. L. Hendrickson, G. S. Jackson. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 17, 1 (1998). J. P. Holder, L. Gruber, H. E. DeWitt, B. R. Beck, D. A. Church, D. Schneider. Phys. Scr., T 92, 158 (2001). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 ion trap IT LCQ LTQ A ion trap is a device for spatially confining ions using electric and magnetic fields alone or in combination. [IUPAC] ion trap true ion detector ion collector A piece of apparatus that produces an output that depends on the number of ions that it encounters. [CHMO] ion detector true measurement chamber measurement cell A measurement chamber is a closed space that contains the sample for measurement. [Allotrope] measurement chamber true Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609. mass spectrometer A mass spectrometer is a measurement device that measures the m/z values and abundances of gas-phase ions. [IUPAC] mass spectrometer electrospray inlet electrospray emitter electrospray needle Inlet used for introducing the liquid sample into an electrospray ionization source. [PSI/MS] electrospray inlet true supercritical-fluid chromatograph SFC device supercritical-fluid chromatography device 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope] 2020-03-20 Added restriction. [Allotrope] A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [Allotrope] supercritical-fluid chromatograph true open-tubular column A chromatography column in which either the inner tube wall or a liquid or active solid held stationary on the tube wall acts as the stationary phase and there is an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase. [CHMO] open-tubular column true packed column A chromatography column that contains a solid packing. [CHMO] packed column balance A balance is a weighing device, intended predominantly for medium to low capacity weighments, with moderate to high resolutions, mostly used indoors. [Allotrope] balance true ultraviolet detector UV detector A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a photoelectric cell, a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light, which is used to detect the absorbance of ultraviolet (190-400 nm) light by molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. [CHMO] ultraviolet detector true tube tubing A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. [Wikipedia] tube differential scanning calorimeter A device that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes for both a sample and a reference. [CHMO] differential scanning calorimeter true electronic absorbance detector 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope] An electronic absorbance detector is a detector that detects material by way of the electronic absorbance of a electromagnetic ray transmitted through the material. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance detector true array column An array column is a column that contains multiple columns at the same time. [Allotrope] array column syringe A syringe is an injection device that is a simple pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can be pulled and pushed along inside a cylindrical tube (called a barrel), allowing the syringe to take in and expel a liquid or gas through an orifice at the open end of the tube. [Wikipedia] syringe K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 ion optics ion guide Devices designed to control the formation, focusing, and deflection of charged particle beams in a vacuum under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. [IUPAC] ion optics splitless inlet SL splitless splitless injector A splitless inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet enabling the carrier gas to sweep the volatilized sample onto the GC column. [Allotrope] splitless inlet true display display device A display is a device or element of an instrument serving to represent information. [Allotrope] display ion source inlet An ion source inlet is an inlet into an ion source of a mass spectrometer. [Allotrope] ion source inlet true weak cation-exchange column WCX column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a weak cation exchanger. [CHMO] weak cation-exchange column single quadrupole mass spectrometer SQD single quadrupole A single quadrupole mass spectrometer is a type of quadrupole mass spectrometer that uses one single quadrupole field. [Allotrope] single quadrupole mass spectrometer true wall-coated open-tubular column WCOT column An open-tubular column in which the liquid stationary phase is coated on the unmodified smooth inner wall of the tube. [CHMO] wall-coated open-tubular column true cooling device chiller cooler A kind of heat exchanger or radiator designed to remove excess heat. [Wikipedia] cooling device true valve 2020-06-18 Move under controller. [Allotrope] A valve is a plumbing equipment that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. [Wikipedia] valve ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrometer UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrometer UV-visible-near IR absorption spectrometer UV-visible-near IR spectrometer ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectrometer ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (190--2000 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer true ion-exchange column A chromatography column where the stationary phase is an ion exchanger. [CHMO] ion-exchange column true liquid chromatograph LC device liquid chromatography device low pressure liquid chromatography device 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope] 2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope] A liquid chromatograph is a system used to perform bioseparation techniques that are based on interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. [Allotrope] The system consists of a chromatographic separation unit and a computer running the system control software. The system can be operated in a fully automated manner or in manual mode. It consists of different modules, components, and accessories. [Allotrope] liquid chromatograph split inlet S split split injector A split inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet followed by a splitter enabling the carrier gas to sweep a part of volatilized sample onto the GC column, with that remaining split/swept to waste. [Allotrope] split inlet stirrer agitator mixer A stirrer is a mixing device used for stirring something. [Allotrope] stirrer oven furnace heater An oven is a device for heating an enclosed space. [Allotrope] oven true microscope A microscope is a device which is used to visually magnify a specimen. [Allotrope] microscope true solvent channel channel line A solvent channel is a channel where a liquid can flow through. [Allotrope] A quaternary pump has 4 channels. solvent channel port Connection point of a system through which flows material, energy or information. [Allotrope] A port is used to transfer sample from a sample container to the sample measuring device or instrument. [Allotrope] port true coulometer voltameter Any piece of apparatus used to measure electric charge. [CHMO] coulometer spectrometer spectrograph spectroscope A piece of apparatus used to measure a spectrum. [CHMO] spectrometer true titrator automatic burette A titrator is a device that automates titrations. [Allotrope] titrator true slit A long narrow cut or opening. [Allotrope] slit device region A site that is related to a device. [Allotrope] device region quadrupole quadripole A quadrupole is a mass-to-charge analyzer that holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [Allotrope] quadrupole true bath A vessel used for regulating the temperature of something placed within it. [Allotrope] bath true heating device heater heating equipment A device used for heating something. [Allotrope] heating device true agitator An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion. [Wikipedia] agitator true mixer mixing device A mixer is a device used for mixing. [Allotrope] mixer true jar Jars are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed. [Wikipedia] jar true photometer A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces. [Wikipedia] photometer controlled lab reactor CLR controlled laboratory reactor 2023-03-24 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A controlled lab reactor is a reactor that maintains temperature and other reaction parameters and has measuring devices. [Allotrope] controlled lab reactor In chemistry, a Controlled Lab Reactor or CLR is any reaction system where there is an element of automated control. Generally these devices refers to a jacketed glass vessel where a circulating chiller unit pumps a thermal control fluid through the jacket to accurately control the temperature of the vessel contents. Additional to this, it is common to have a series of sensors (temperature, pH, pressure) measuring and recording parameters about the reactor contents. It is additionally possible to control pumps to act on the reactor. [Wikipedia] true differential scanning calorimetry pan 2020-03-23 Fixed definition. [Allotrope] A differential scanning calorimetry pan is a pan for use in a differential scanning calorimeter that contains the sample under investigation. [Allotrope] TZero pan, TZero hermetic pan differential scanning calorimetry pan true pan A pan is a flat container. [Allotrope] pan true mass flow controller A mass flow controller is a device that determines the mixture of different materials. [Allotrope] In DVS, the mass flow controller generates the required mixture of dry and saturated gas. mass flow controller true computer desktop computer A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. [Wikipedia] computer pressure regulator A pressure regulator is a controller that regulates a set pressure in a system. [Allotrope] pressure regulator true PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989)) sampler sampling unit A sample is a device that function to sample known amounts of material. [Allotrope] sampler tablet press A tablet press is a mechanical device that compresses powder into tablets of uniform size and weight. To form a tablet, the granulated material must be metered into a cavity formed by two punches and a die, and then the punches must be pressed together to a set separation distance to allow the powder / granule to transform into a solid compact through compression. [Wikipedia] tablet press true optical device An optical device is a device that creates, manipulates, or measures electromagnetic radiation. [Wikipedia] optical device true cell holder A cell holder is a type of container for samples in spectrophotometers. [Allotrope] cell holder excimer lamp UV/VIS lamp excilamp An excimer lamp is a light source of ultraviolet light produced by spontaneous emission of excimer (exciplex) molecules. [Wikipedia] excimer lamp UV lamp A UV lamp is a light source with an ultraviolet wavelength range of 190 to 380 nm. [Allotrope] UV lamp true tubing connector connector A tubing connector is a part used to connect/install tubing, components, and accessories as part of a system flow path configuration. [Allotrope] tubing connector true spin column spin concentrator A spin column is a column used for concentration of biological samples containing membranes for ultrafiltration. The solid phase is made up of silica to which the biological sample binds. [Allotrope] spin column true visible lamp A visible lamp is a light source with a visible wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. [Allotrope] visible lamp deuterium lamp A deuterium lamp is a low-pressure gas-discharge light source that emits light with a continuous spectrum mainly in the ultraviolet region. [Wikipedia] deuterium lamp fibrette The fibrette is a fiber optics device that consists of a thin fiber and defines the point where a beam of light is emitted into a sample. [Allotrope] fibrette fibrette coupler A fibrette coupler connects a fibrette to a UV spectrophotometer and allows for precise adjustment of the path length. [Allotrope] fibrette coupler true L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872 bypass injector sampling valve valve injector A device in which the sample is first introduced into a chamber (loop), temporarily isolated from the mobile phase system by valves, which can be switched to make an instantaneous diversion of the mobile phase stream through the chamber to carry the sample to the column. [IUPAC] bypass injector true L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872 direct injector A device which directly introduces the sample into the mobile-phase stream. [IUPAC] direct injector true L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872 on-column injector A device which directly introduces the sample into the mobile-phase stream. [IUPAC] on-column injector true diode In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). [Wikipedia] diode true PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) lamp A lamp is an electromagnetic radiation source of incoherent radiation. [IUPAC] lamp true artifact An artifact is a material that is designed and built for a purpose. [Allotrope] artifact needle A needle is a device consisting of a very thin, hollow tube with a sharp tip which contains a small opening at the pointed end. It is commonly used with a syringe. [Wikipedia] needle measuring system 202-01-21 Removed restrictions to MS. [Allotrope] A measuring system is a device system which has the designed function of measurement. [Allotrope] measuring system true LC-UV system 2020-03-24 Changed equiventClass to subClass. [Allotrope] A LC-UV system is a device system that has a liquid chromatograph and an ultra-violet detector component. [Allotrope] LC-UV system true measurement device analyzer instrument measuring apparatus measuring instrument measuring sensor A device that measures some aspect of reality, such as a quality or the profile of a process. [Allotrope] measurement device true controller regulator A device that has the function to control some quality or process. [Allotrope] controller true coupling device coupler 2020-06-18 Moved under connecting device. [Allotrope] A device that has the function to couple things. [Allotrope] coupling device plumbing system piping plumbing tubing Plumbing is the system of pipes, tubing, drains, fittings, valves, and fixtures installed for the distribution of a liquid. [Wikipedia] plumbing system true input device A device that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system. [Wikipedia] input device true separation device separating device A device that has the function to separate materials. [Allotrope] separation device artificial system engineered system A system that is created for a specific purpose. [Allotrope] artificial system true separation column A separation column is a separation device of columnar shape where the separation occurs inside the column. [Allotrope] separation column true transferring device A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope] transferring device true collecting device A collecting device is a device that has the function to collect things. [Allotrope] collecting device pump system 2020-03-24 Add restrictions. [Allotrope] A system intended for pumping. [Allotrope] pump system https://jcgm.bipm.org/vim/en/3.8.html sensor A sensor is a component of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a quantity to be measured. [Allotrope] A sensor can be a measuring device on its own, but is typically a part of it. sensor measurement component measurement module A measurement component is a component of a measuring system, that does measuring. [Allotrope] The criteria is compromise. Some measurement components can be fully standalone measurement devices used in a component role, but are not typically used as such. A UV spectrometer is an electromagnetic absorbance measuring instrument and an elecctromagnetic absorbance detector has the same function, but it is used as part of a larger system, such as a HPLC-UV system. measurement component injection device component An injection device component is a component of an injection device. [Allotrope] injection device component true gas chromatography detector GC detector A gas chromatography detector is a detector that is used in gas chromatography as component of a GC system. [Allotrope] gas chromatography detector guiding device A guiding device is a device that has the function to direct a flow in a specific direction. [Allotrope] guiding device in port inlet An in port is a port in a device where material is flowing into the system boundary. [Allotrope] in port out port outlet An out port is a port in a device where material is flowing out of the system boundary. [Allotrope] out port in/out port bidirectional port An in/out port is a port where a flow is going in both directions. [Allotrope] in/out port distribution device A distribution device is a device with the function to distribute a stream into multiple parts. [Allotrope] distribution device split/splitless inlet A split/splitless inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet that supports both split and splitless injection modes. [Allotrope] split/splitless inlet GC system A GC system is a device system that has a gas chromatograph component. [Allotrope] GC system true LC system liquid chromatography system A LC system is a device system that has a liquid chromatograph component. [Allotrope] LC system column compartment A column compartment is a compartment in a chromatography system where the columns are held. [Allotrope] 2019-04-01 Adding 'ro:location of' some 'af-e:chromatography column' breaks Hermit reasoner. [Allotrope] column compartment liquid chromatography detector LC detector A liquid chromatography detector is a detector that is used in liquid chromatography as component of a LC system. [Allotrope] liquid chromatography detector packed injector A packed injector is a GC injector device in which the entire sample aliquot is vaporized and directly introduced onto the column. [Allotrope] packed injector monolithic column A monolithic columns is a chromatography column where the stationary phase synthesized in place as a single lattice structure in the column. [Allotrope] monolithic column clock chronometer A clock is a measurement device used to measure, keep, and indicate time. [Wikipedia] clock mass spectrometry system MS system A mass spectrometry system is a measuring system that is designed and assembled to realize the measurement function by way of mass spectrometry. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry system bench workbench A bench is a large table in a workspace or laboratory. [Allotrope] bench placement device A placement device is a device that is used to hold or place a material in a defined location. [Allotrope] placement device table A table is a placement device with a flat top and one or more legs, providing a level surface for placement. [Allotrope] table multimeter A multimeter is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. [Allotrope] multimeter frequency synthesizer frequency generator A frequency generator is an electrical device which creates a signal at a predetermined frequency. [Allotrope] Frequency generator with a single frequency, or adjustable to any frequency in the range that the generator supports. frequency synthesizer mass spectrometer ionization source MS ionization source mass spectrometry ionization source A mass spectrometer ionization source is a piece of apparatus that takes an analyte and generates ions which are passed to the rest of a mass spectrometer for analysis. [CHMO] mass spectrometer ionization source filament (ms) filament A filament is a device that produces an electron stream to charge neutrals for analysis by mass spectrometry. [Allotrope] filament (ms) Karl-Fischer titrator Karl Fischer titrator A Karl-Fischer titrator is a titrator designed for Karl-Fischer titrations. [Allotrope] Karl-Fischer titrator backpressure regulator A backpressure regulator is a pressure regulator that regulates a defined pressure upstream of itself (at its own inlet). [Allotrope] backpressure regulator nozzle A nozzle is a transferring device consisting of jet port with an opening for regulating and/or directing the flow of fluid. [Allotrope] nozzle SFC system supercritical-fluid chromatography system A SFC system is a device system that has a supercritical fluid chromatograph component. [Allotrope] SFC system reactor jacket A reactor jacket is a jacket that controls the temperature of a reactor. [Allotrope] reactor jacket covering device A covering device is a device that has the function to cover something. [Allotrope] covering device jacket A jacket is a covering device that is placed around something. [Allotrope] pipe jacket, reactor jacket jacket connecting device A connecting device is a device that has the function to connect things. [Allotrope] connecting device shaping device A shaping device is a conversion device that alters the shape of some material. [Allotrope] shaping device conversion device converting device A conversion device is a device that has the function to convert something. [Allotrope] conversion device tray plate A tray is a shallow, flat container. [Allotrope] tray data system IT system cyber-physical system information technology system A data system is an artificial system of physical devices and software running on it designed to process information or control. [Allotrope] data system chromatography data system CDS A chromatography data system is a data system that controls a chromatography system and processes data participating in a chromatography run. [Allotrope] chromatography data system laboratory information management system LIMS LIS LMS laboratory information system laboratory management system A laboratory information management system is a data system used in laboratories to manage laboratory operations. [Allotrope] laboratory information management system communication device A communication device is a device that has the function to communicate (transport information). [Allotrope] communication device beamsplitter A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light in two. [Wikipedia] beamsplitter array card block A array card block is a container that uses microfluidic cards to load and accept well plates. [Allotrope] array card block well (plate) well A well (plate) is a well located in a well plate. [Allotrope] well (plate) observation device An observation device is a device that has the function to observe something. [Allotrope] observation device PCR reaction block PCR block block qPCR block qPCR reaction block reaction block A PCR reaction block is a container for samples used in PCR instruments. [Allotrope] PCR reaction block probe A probe is a device designed to reach into a location for remote manipulating or sensing. [NCI] probe true radiation source A radiation source is a device that produces radiation used in a process. [Allotrope] radiation source true fast protein liquid chromatograph FPLC system fast protein liquid chromatography system A fast protein liquid chromatograph is an instrument used for FPLC that is a technique in analytical chemistry used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. A typical laboratory FPLC consist of one or two high-precision pumps, a control unit, a column, a detection system and a fraction collector. [Wikipedia] fast protein liquid chromatograph aperture An aperture is an inhibition device that is a small opening with the function of limiting the passage of matter or energy. [Allotrope] aperture sample measurement interface A sample measurement interface is a connecting device through which measurements are captured. [Allotrope] sample measurement interface inhibition device inhibitor An inhibition device is a device that has the function to inhibit flows (material, energy, information). A part of the flow is passing through the device. [Allotrope] inhibition device fast protein liquid chromatography system FPLC system A fast protein liquid chromatography system is a device system that has a fast protein liquid chromatograph component. [Allotrope] fast protein liquid chromatography system compression device A compression device is a device that is designed to compress to volume of material by applying force. [Allotrope] compression device true disintegration apparatus disintegration device A disintegration apparatus is a measurement device that measures the time it takes for an object to become disintegrated. The apparatus has a disintegration device component to support the disintegration. [Allotrope] disintegration apparatus true disintegration apparatus disc A disintegration apparatus disc is a placement device used in a disintegration apparatus to hold objects below the solution level. [Allotrope] disintegration apparatus disc true basket A basket is a container with a mesh structure used to hold solid objects. [Allotrope] basket true disintegration apparatus basket A disintegration apparatus basket is a basket used in a disintegration apparatus to contain objects for disintegration. [Allotrope] disintegration apparatus basket lens A lens is a guiding device with the function to converge or focus some radiation. [Allotrope] lens condenser lens A condenser lens is a lens with the function to converge a radiation beam to a defined beam size. [Allotrope] condenser lens disconnecting device A disconnecting device is a device that is designed to disconnect objects. [Allotrope] disconnecting device disintegration device A disintegration device is a device that is designed to disintegrate objects. [Allotrope] disintegration device plate heater A plate heater is a heating device that heats by means of a plate shaped heating element. [Allotrope] plate heater force gauge A force gauge is a measurement device used to measure forces. [Allotrope] force gauge heater bar A heater bar is a heating device that is long and thin. [Allotrope] heater bar heat seal A heat seal is a coupling device that is the output of a heat sealing process. [Allotrope] heat seal gripping device A gripping device is a device that takes holds of something firmly or tightly. [Allotrope] gripping device dissolution vessel A dissolution vessel is a container used in a dissolution. [Allotrope] dissolution vessel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%E2%80%93phosphorus_detector nitrogen-phosphorus detector NPD A nitrogen-phosphorus detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions via thermal heating over an alkali metal. [Allotrope] nitrogen-phosphorus detector nitrogen chemiluminescence detector NCD A nitrogen chemiluminescence detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of nitrogen chemiluminescence. [Allotrope] nitrogen chemiluminescence detector sulfur chemiluminescence detector SCD A sulfur chemiluminescence detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of sulfur chemiluminescence when reacting with ozone. [Allotrope] sulfur chemiluminescence detector flame photometric detector FPD A flame photometric detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of chemiluminescence as a result of ignition. [Allotrope] flame photometric detector evaporative light scattering detector ELSD An evaporative light scattering detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the scattering of light after nebulization with an inert carrier gas and evaporation of the solvent. [Allotrope] evaporative light scattering detector true vial container A vial container is a container that has the function to contain vials. [Allotrope] vial container nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer NMR spectrometer A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer is a measurement device used to conduct NMR experiments consisting of a magnet housing a sample space surrounded by two coils which act to transmit radio frequency radiation to the sample and to detect the response of the sample. [CHMO] nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer nuclear magnetic resonance tube NMR tube A nuclear magnetic resonance tube is a tube that is used in an NMR experiment. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance tube bob A bob is an agitator with either a flat or conical bottom surface. [Allotrope] bob cup A cup is a container with a cylindrical shape and no top surface. [Allotrope] cup sensor chip (surface plasmon resonance) A sensor chip is a device consisting of a substrate coated in an inert material and an immobilization matrix on which molecular interactions are captured in surface plasmon resonance experiments. [Allotrope] sensor chip (surface plasmon resonance) electronic lab notebook system ELN electronic lab notebook An electronic lab notebook system is a data system used in laboratories to record the execution and results of experiments. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook system to deliver material To deliver material is the function to transfer a material to or into a destination. [Allotrope] to deliver material true to deliver mobile phase To deliver mobile phase is the function to deliver material that is in a mobile phase role. [Allotrope] to deliver mobile phase to equilibrate equilibrating function equilibration function To equilibrate is a function which is realized in the process of equilibration. [Allotrope] to equilibrate to calibrate To calibrate is a function to establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument, or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards. [IUPAC] to calibrate to collect adding function collecting function to add 2019-05-17 Changed pref label to align with process hierarchy. [Allotrope] Function to add a member to an aggregate or to bring a flow together. [Allotrope] Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST] to collect to connect connecting function connection function To bring two or more flows (material, energy, signal) together. [NIST] to connect to consume consuming function consumption function The to consume function is a function that is realized in a process where a participant exists at the start of the process but no longer exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope] to consume to indicate indicating function To make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST] A small window in the water container of a coffee maker indicates the level of water in the machine. [NIST] to indicate true to control controlling function To alter or govern the size or amplitude of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST] to control to sense observing function sensing function to observe 2020-07-27 Change hierarchy to align with process. [Allotrope] To sense is a signaling function that is perceiving or becoming aware, of a flow. [NIST] to sense to secure fixing function securing function to fix To firmly fix a flow path. [NIST] On a bicycling glove, a Velcro strap secures the human hand in the correct place. [NIST] to secure to transform data data processing function data transformation function data transforming function to process data To submit information to a particular treatment or method having a set number of operations or steps. [NIST] A computer processes a login request signal before allowing a user access to its facilities. [NIST] to transform data to integrate (math) integration function to integrate A information processing function that generates integrals on numerical data item. [Allotrope] to integrate (math) to calculate calculating function calculation function To calculate is a data transformation function to solve problems for numbers or quantities. [Allotrope] to calculate to support supporting function To firmly fix a material into a defined location, or secure an energy or signal into a specific course. [NIST] to support to clean cleaning function The material processing function to get rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope] to clean to inject injecting function injection function The function of a device realized when administering a substance applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [OBI] to inject true to separate material material separation function A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality. [OBI] to separate material true to separate material by chromatography separation by chromatography function A material separation function which is realized by chromatography. [Allotrope] to separate material by chromatography to count counting function To count is to observe the quantitative number of discrete things. [Allotrope] to count to detect detecting function detection function To discover information about the presence of a flow. [NIST] A gauge on the top of a gas cylinder detects proper pressure ranges. [NIST] to detect to measure measuring function To determine the magnitude of a flow. [NIST] An analog thermostat measures temperature through a bimetallic strip. [NIST] to measure to transmit energy energy transfer function to transfer energy to transmit transmitting energy function To move an energy from one place to another. [NIST] In a hand held power sander, the housing of the sander transmits human force to the object being sanded. [NIST] to transmit energy to heat heating function A function that gives thermal energy to a recipient. [Allotrope] to heat to communicate communicating function communication function To communicate is the function to transferring information from one material entity to another. [Allotrope] to communicate to pump pumping function To pump is to transport fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope] to pump to filter material material filtering function to filter A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through. [OBI] to filter material to display display function displaying function To reveal something about a flow to the mind or eye. [NIST] The xyz-coordinate display on a vertical milling machine displays the precise location of the cutting tool. [NIST] to display to convert a signal converting a signal function signal conversion function A signal conversion function is an information processor function which transforms a signal into another type of signal. [OBI] A synapse converts electrical action potentials into an intermediate chemical signal. The post synapse converts it back into an electric one passed on to the axon. an analog-to-digital_converter to convert a signal to store storing function To accumulate a flow. [NIST] A DC electrical battery stores the energy in a flashlight. [NIST] to store true material function A material function is a type of function that is realized in a process that has material entity as input and/or output. [Allotrope] material function to cool cooling function A function to remove thermal energy. [Allotrope] to cool to consume energy consuming energy function energy consumption function To consume energy is the function to consume energy. [Allotrope] to consume energy to plan planning function To plan is the function of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI] to plan true to branch branching function To cause a flow (material, energy or signal) to no longer be joined or mixed. [NIST] to branch true to separate separating function separation function To isolate a flow (material, energy, signal) into distinct components. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST] A glass prism separates light into different wavelength components to provide a rainbow. [NIST] to separate to distribute distributing function distribution function To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to break up. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed flow. [NIST] An atomizer distributes (or sprays) hair-styling liquids over the head to hold ther hair in the desired style. [NIST] to distribute true to divide dividing function To separate a flow. [NIST] A vending machine divides the sold form of coins into appropriate denominations. [NIST] to divide to remove removing function To take away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST] A sander removes small pieces of the wood surface to smooth the wood. [NIST] to remove to extract extracting function To draw, or forcibly pullout, a flow. [NIST] A vacuum cleaner extracts depris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST] to extract to sort sorting function A sort function is a function to distinguish flows based on some associated physical quality or entity and to distribute the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope] to sort true to localize channeling function localizing function to channel To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to move from one location to another location. [NIST] to localize to export exporting function taking function to take To send a flow (material, energy, signal) outside the system boundary. [NIST] Pouring blended food out of a standard blender pitcher exports liquid from the system. [NIST] to export true to import delivering function importing function to deliver To bring in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside the system boundary. [NIST] A physical opening at the top of a blender pitcher imports a solid (food) into the system. [NIST] to import to guide directing function guiding function to direct To direct the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [NIST] to guide to allow degree of freedom allowing DOF function allowing degree of freedom function to allow DOF To control the movement of a flow by a force external to the device into one or more directions. [NIST] to allow degree of freedom to rotate rotating function To fix the movement of a flow by a device around one axis. [NIST] to rotate to translate translating function To fix the movement of the flow by a device into one linear direction. [NIST] to translate to mix mixing function To combine two flows (material, energy, signal) into a single, uniform homogeneous mass. [NIST] A shaker mixes a paint base and its dyes to form a homogeneous liquid. [NIST] to mix to couple coupling function to bring together To join or bring together flows (material, energy, signal) such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST] to couple to link coupling function linking function to couple To couple flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST] A turnbuckle links two endsof a steering cable together. [NIST] to link to join coupling function joining function to couple To couple flows together in a predetermined manner. [NIST] A ratchet joins a socket on its square shaft interface. [NIST] to join true to regulate adjusting function regulating function to adjust To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST] Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST] to regulate true to actuate actuating function commencing function to commence To commence the flow of energy, signal or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST] A circuit switch actuates the flow of electrical energy and turns on a light bulb. [NIST] to actuate to increase enlarging function increasing function to enlarge To enlarge a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST] to increase to decrease decreasing function reducing function to reduce To reduce a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST] to decrease true to change adjusting function changing function to adjust To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST] to change to increment enlarging function incrementing function to enlarge To enlarge a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST] to increment to decrement decrementing function reducing function to reduce 2021-05-18 Added restriction. [Allotrope] To reduce a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST] to decrement to shape forming function molding function shaping function to form to mold To mold or form a flow. [NIST] to shape to condition conditioning function To render a flow appropriate for the desired use. [NIST] To prevent damage to electrial equipment, a surge protector conditions electrical energy by excluding spikes and nose (usually through capacitors) from the energy path. [NIST] to condition true to stop stopping function To cease, or prevent, the transfer of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST] A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST] to stop to prevent preventing function To keep a flow from happening. [NIST] A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST] to prevent to inhibit inhibiting function restraining function to restrain To significantly restrain a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST] The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo. [NIST] to inhibit to convert changing function converting function to change To change from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST] For completeness, any type of flow conversion is valid. In practice, conversions such as convert electricity to torque will be more common than convert solid to optical energy. [NIST] An electrical motor converts electricity to rotational energy. [NIST] to convert to provision provisioning function To accumulate or provide a material or energy flow. [NIST] to provision to signal signaling function To provide information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal flow. The information providing flow passes through the function unchanged. [NIST] to signal to contain containing function To keep a flow within limits. [NIST] A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST] to contain to supply supplying function To provide a flow from storage. [NIST] In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST] to supply to track tracking function To observe and record data from a flow. [NIST] By tracking the performance of batteries, the low efficiency point can be determined. [NIST] to track to stabilize stabilization function To prevent a flow from changing course or location. [NIST] On a typical canister vacuum, the center of gravity is placed at a low elevation to stabilize the vacuum when it is pulled by the hose. [NIST] to stabilize to position placement function positioning function to place To place a flow (material, energy, signal) into a specific location or orientation. [NIST] The coin slot on a soda machine positions the coin to begin the coin evaluation and transportation procedure. [NIST] to position true to remove material To remove material is the function to remove material. [NIST] to remove material to decompose decomposition function To decompose is the function to breakdown a single phase into two or more phases by heating or treatment with acid, alkali or enzymes. [Allotrope] to decompose to transport material transport function to transfer material transport function To transport is the function to transfer material. [Allotrope] to transport to transfer conveying function shifting function to convey to shift transferring function To shift, or convey, a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST] to transfer to maintain maintaining function The function to maintain something. [Allotrope] to maintain to combine combining function The function to make a whole out of many. [Allotrope] to combine to produce The function to bring something into existence. [Allotrope] Only information can be produced in the strict sense, because of physical conservation laws of energy and material, but this is function is a perspective on a system boundaries in the context. [Allotrope] to produce true to count cells To count cells is the function to count cells. [Allotrope] to count cells to sample sampling function To sample is the function of to take parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope] to sample to cover covering function To cover is a joining function realized when something is joined to a surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope] to cover to stir To stir is a mixing function involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope] to stir to compare compare function To compare is a function to observe or assess the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope] to compare to dye coloring function dyeing function to color To dye is a function to change the color of some target material. [Allotrope] to dye to compress compressing function To compress is the function to decrement the volume of a material by applying a force. [Allotrope] to compress to disconnect disconnection function To disconnect is a branching function that breaks up the connection between parts of an object so that they become separate. [Allotrope] to disconnect to disintegrate disintegration function To disintegrate is a function to change a material so that it breaks down in to smaller pieces of it. [Allotrope] to disintegrate to grip gripping function To grip is the function to prevent something from moving by holding it using friction or pressure. [Allotrope] to grip Orange Book: IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987. PAC, 1994, 66, 533 (Standard quantities in chemical thermodynamics. Fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of one phase where particles are not visible to the naked eye and the solution does not scatter a light beam. [Allotrope] solution IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). ion An ion is an atomic or molecular particle having a net electric charge. [IUPAC] ion dye A dye is a material that has the function to change the color of material. [Allotrope] dye portion of water water Water is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of living things. [Wikipedia] portion of water true gas A gas is an airlike material that expands freely to fill any space available. It can be transported in compressed gas cylinders and acts as a gas upon release at normal temperatures and pressure. [Allotrope] gas anion negative ion An anion (-) is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). [Wikipedia] anion cation positive ion A cation (+) is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. [Wikipedia] cation true PAC, 1982, 54, 1533 (Glossary of terms used in nuclear analytical chemistry (Provisional)) nucleus The positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. [IUPAC] nucleus true material matter A material entity that occupies space and possesses a rest mass. [Allotrope] material cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. [CL] cell solid A solid is a substance that is in the solid material state. [Allotrope] solid true fluid A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. [Wikipedia] fluid true supercritical fluid A supercritical fluid is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. [Wikipedia] supercritical fluid true liquid A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. [Wikipedia] liquid true plasma Plasma is a state of matter in which an ionized gaseous substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate the behavior of the matter. [Wikipedia] plasma Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93 electron e− β− Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin quantum number 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000 548 579 903(13) u. [IUPAC] electron particle (physics) particle A particle in the physical sciences is a small localized object to which can be ascribed physical properties. [Wikipedia] particle (physics) suspension A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but get suspended throughout the bulk of the medium. [Wikipedia] sea water with sand suspension spray A spray is a heterogeneous mixture where a small amount of liquid is dispersed into a gas. [Allotrope] spray true natural material A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. [Wikipedia] natural material true energy Energy must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat the object. It can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. [Wikipedia] According to the annotations on material entity, energy is considered a material entity in BFO energy true thermal energy A form of energy that is transferred between bodies as a result of a temperature difference. [NIST] thermal energy true mechanic translational energy Energy flow generated or required by a translation or virtual translation. [NIST] mechanic translational energy true chemical energy Work resulting from the reactions by which substances are produced from or converted into other substances. [NIST] A battery converts the flow of chemical energy into electical energy. chemical energy true electrical energy Work resulting from the flow of electrons from a negative to a positive source. [NIST] electrical energy true mechanic rotational energy Energy that results from a rotation or a virtual rotation. [NIST] mechanic rotational energy true hydraulic energy Work that results from the movement or force of a liquid, including hydrostatic forces. [NIST] hydraulic energy true electromagnetic energy EMR electro-magnetic energy electro-magnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation radiation energy Energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electro-magnetic waves. [NIST] electromagnetic energy true pneumatic energy Work resulting from a compressed gas. [NIST] pneumatic energy emulsion An is a colloid where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] milk that is mixed oil in water emulsion Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. proton hydrogen nucleus A proton is a nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin quantum number of 1/2 and rest mass of 1.00727647012 u. [IUPAC] proton IUPAC Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93 neutron A neutron is a nuclear particle of zero charge, spin quantum number 1/2 and a mass of 1.00866490414 u. [IUPAC] neutron IUPAC Red Book, p. 35 atom An atom is a smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element. It consists of a nucleus of a positive charge carrying almost all its mass (more than 99.9%) and Z electrons determining its size. [IUPAC] atom Myers, D. (2002) Association Colloids: Micelles, Vesicles, and Membranes, in Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids: Principles and Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA. doi: 10.1002/0471234990.ch15 association colloid An association colloid is a homogeneous, non-structured substance composed of large molecules or ultramicroscopic suspended in a separate medium, which is largely comprised or reversible aggregations formed by the thermodynamics of molecular interactions. [Allotrope] association colloid PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 605 dispersion colloid colloid dispersion colloidal dispersion A dispersion colloid is a colloid that is a system in which particles of colloidal size of any nature (e.g. solid, liquid or gas) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state). [IUPAC] dispersion colloid PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 606 foam A foam is a colloid where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope] foam PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1806 gel A gel is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] gel heterogeneous mixture A heterogeneous mixture is a portion of mixed material that is not uniform in composition, but proportions of its components vary throughout the sample. [Wikipedia] sea water with sand heterogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture A homogeneous mixture is a portion of mixed material that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample. Homogeneous mixture can have a variable composition. [Wikipedia] air sea water homogeneous mixture PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1805 liquid aerosol A solid aerosol is an colloid where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] liquid aerosol molecular colloid A molecular colloid is a type of colloid that consists of many molecules that combine to structures of colloidal size. [Allotrope] sulphur S8 colloid molecular colloid portion of mixed material blend mixture portion of mixture An portion of mixed material is a material entity that consists of different kinds of grains if you inspect it at a higher level of granularity. [Allotrope] portion of milk sand sea water sea water with sand portion of mixed material portion of pure substance An portion of pure substance is a material entity that consists of one kind of grains if you inspect it at a higher level of granularity. [Allotrope] solution of distilled water portion of pure substance PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1805 sol A sol is a fluid colloidal system of two or more components. [IUPAC] sol solid heterogeneous mixture A solid heterogeneous mixture is a heterogeneous mixture in solid state. [Allotrope] solid heterogeneous mixture PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 605 colloid colloidal system A colloid is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). The molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least in one direction a dimension roughly between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer, or in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order. [IUPAC] colloid true X-ray radiation X-ray A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. [Wikipedia] X-ray radiation true visible light light Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400-700 nanometers. [Wikipedia] visible light true ultraviolet radiation UV ultraviolet light An electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm. [Wikipedia] ultraviolet radiation true infrared radiation IR infrared infrared light Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometer, to 1 micrometers. [Wikipedia] infrared radiation true gamma radiation gamma ray γ-ray Electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and having wavelengths less than 10 picometers. [Allotrope] gamma radiation natural system A system that can be discovered in nature. [Allotrope] natural system portion of compound compound A portion of material that has grain only the same kind of molecules, ignoring minor impurities. [Allotrope] portion of tablesugar portion of water portion of compound portion of element element A portion of material that has grain only the same kind of atoms, ignoring minor impurities. [Allotrope] portion of gold portion of helium portion of element portion of bulk stuff A portion of material that has grain some multi-molecular objects or particles. [Allotrope] bag of nuts packet of rice portion of bulk stuff gas mixture A gas mixture is a solution where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope] air gas mixture gas in solid solution A gas in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope] hydrogen in paladium metal gas in solid solution gas in liquid solution solution A gas in liquid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope] carbon dioxide in water gas in liquid solution liquid in liquid solution solution A liquid in liquid solution is a solution where the mixture phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] alcoholic beverages gasoline liquid in liquid solution solid in liquid solution solution A solid in liquid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] salt or sugar in water solid in liquid solution liquid in solid solution solution A liquid in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope] hexane in paraffin wax mercury amalgam liquid in solid solution solid in solid solution A solid in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope] alloys solid in solid solution Everett, D. (2009). Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 31(4), pp. 577-638. solid aerosol A solid aerosol is an colloid where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope] solid aerosol solid foam A solid foam is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope] solid foam solid sol A solid sol is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope] solid sol true "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 83 (12): 2229–2259. 2011. dispersion 2017-07-03 Changed definition to IUPAC recommendation. [Allotrope] A dispersions is a heterogeneous mixture that is comprising more than one phase where at least one of the phases consists of finely divided phase domains, often in the colloidal size range, dispersed throughout a continuous phase. [IUPAC] dispersion person A person is a human that is member of a group or organization. [Allotrope] person group A group is a an aggregate of people. [Allotrope] group organization A collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an agent. [W3C ORG] By this hierarchy organizations are built of physical people, so no pure legal persons can be members of an organization. organization formal organization A formal organization is an organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities. [W3C ORG] formal organization organizational unit An organization such as a department or support unit which is part of some larger organization and only has full recognition within the context of that organization. In particular the unit would not be regarded as a legal entity in its own right. [W3C ORG] organizational unit organizational entity An organizational entity is a person, group or organization that is defined by some social contract between humans. [Allotrope] organizational entity zero grade air Zero grade air is air that is purified to contain less than 0.1 ppm of hydrocarbons. [Allotrope] zero grade air chromatographic packing A chromatographic packing is a solid heterogeneous mixture consisting of a substrate and stationary phase used in a chromatographic separation. [Allotrope] chromatographic packing IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). chemical substance A chemical substance is a portion of material that is matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of. [IUPAC] chemical substance chemical mixture mixed chemical substances portion of mixed chemical substances A portion of chemical mixture is a chemical substance that is composed of chemical substances. [Allotrope] chemical mixture collision energy (material entity) collision energy Collision energy is energy for an ion experiencing collision with a stationary gas particle resulting in dissociation of the ion. [PSI/MS] collision energy (material entity) titration solvent A titration solvent is a solvent used in a titration to dissolve the sample. [Allotrope] titration solvent IUPAC Compendium on Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd Edition, IUPAC Orange Book, prepared for publication by J. Inczedy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure, Blackwell Science, 1998 titrant solution A titrant solution is a solution containing the active agent with which a titration is made. [IUPAC] titrant solution portion of salt ionic compound salt A portion of salt is a portion of compound where the compound is composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding. [Wikipedia] portion of salt portion of silver nitrate silver (1+) nitrate silver nitrate A portion of silver nitrate is a portion of salt composed of silver (1+) and nitrate ions. [Allotrope] portion of silver nitrate Karl-Fischer titrant solution Karl Fischer titrant solution Karl Fischer titration solution Karl-Fischer titration solution A Karl-Fischer titration solution is a titrant solution used in a Karl-Fischer titration. [Allotrope] Karl-Fischer titrant solution hydrochloric acid titrant solution A hydrochloric acid titrant solution is a titrant solution containing hydrochloric acid as the reactant. [Allotrope] hydrochloric acid titrant solution perchloric acid titrant solution A perchloric acid titrant solution is a titrant solution containing perchloric acid as the reactant. [Allotrope] perchloric acid titrant solution silver nitrate titrant solution A silver nitrate titrant solution is a titrant solution containing silver nitrate as the reactant. [Allotrope] silver nitrate titrant solution sodium hydroxide titrant solution A sodium hydroxide titrant solution is a titrant solution containing sodium hydroxide as the reactant. [Allotrope] sodium hydroxide titrant solution hydrogen gas hydrogen Hydrogen gas is a gas that is composed of hydrogen molecules. [Allotrope] hydrogen gas oxygen gas oxygen Oxygen gas is a gas that is composed of dioxygen molecules. [Allotrope] oxygen gas nitrogen gas nitrogen Nitrogen gas is a gas that is composed of dinitrogen molecules. [Allotrope] nitrogen gas helium gas helium Helium gas is a gas that is composed of helium atoms. [Allotrope] helium gas carbon dioxide gas carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas is a gas that is composed of carbon dioxide molecules. [Allotrope] carbon dioxide gas ammonia gas ammonia Ammonia gas is a gas that is composed of ammonia molecules. [Allotrope] ammonia gas methane gas methane Methane gas is a gas that is composed of methane molecules. [Allotrope] methane gas true material flow flow (material) A material flow is a material that is an aggregate of granular objects that steadily and continuously move along a path. [Allotrope] material flow ion flow A ion flow is a material flow where ions transport electric charges in an electromagnetic field. [Allotrope] ion flow bubble A bubble is a small round portion of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid. [Wikipedia] bubble ozone gas ozone Ozone gas is a gas that is composed of ozone molecules. [Allotrope] ozone gas ethene gas ethene Ethene gas is a gas that is composed of ethene molecules. [Allotrope] ethene gas acetylene gas acetylene Acetylene gas is a gas that is composed of acetylene molecules. [Allotrope] acetylene gas carbon monoxide gas carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide gas is a gas that is composed of carbon monoxide molecules. [Allotrope] carbon monoxide gas argon gas argon Argon gas is a gas that is composed of argon atoms. [Allotrope] argon gas liquid nitrogen nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is a liquid that is composed of dinitrogen molecules. [Allotrope] liquid nitrogen nuclear magnetic resonance solvent NMR solvent A nuclear magnetic resonance solvent is a solution used to dissolve a sample in an NMR assay. It typically has all / most hydrogen atoms replaced with deuterium atoms. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance solvent G. L. Glish, D. J. Burinsky. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19, 161 (2008). IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979. Compiled by J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, A. M. Ure. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). J. Laskin, J. H. Futrell. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24, 135 (2005). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 radical ion A radical ion is a radical that carries an electric charge. [IUPAC] radical ion hydrophilic interaction chromatography HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 2016-02-03 Added altLabel [OSTHUS] Liquid chromatography where the stationary phase is hydrophilic, the mobile phase is organic and separation is achieved based on polarity. [CHMO] hydrophilic interaction chromatography true volumetry Volumetry is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the quantity of a compound by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope] volumetry cell counter assay cell counter analysis cell counting analysis Cell counter assay is a cellular assay that uses various methods to quantify cells in a culture. [Allotrope] cell counter assay magnetic stirring Magnetic stirring is stirring that is achieved by rotating a magnetic stir bar in a solution. [CHMO] magnetic stirring microscopy Microscopy is a imaging assay where a microscope is used to view a small object (or specimen) by producing a magnified image. [CHMO] microscopy Raman spectroscopy Raman scattering spectrometry Raman scattering spectroscopy Raman spectrometry laser Raman spectroscopy Any type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range by a sample is detected. [CHMO] Raman spectroscopy true granulometry particle size analysis particle size measurement particle sizing The measurement of the size distribution in a collection of grains. [CHMO] granulometry argentometric titration argentimetric titration Argentometric titration is a process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. The titration is followed by the observing the precipitation of silver compounds following the addition of silver nitrate. [CHMO] argentometric titration true optical density measurement O.D. measurement OD measurement optical densiometry optical densitometry The measurement of the light transmitted through a sample for a given wavelength. [CHMO] optical density measurement true zeta-potential measurement zeta potential analysis zeta potential measurement zeta-potential analysis zeta-potential measurements zeta-potential studies ζ-potential analysis ζ-potential measurement The measurement of the overall charge a particle acquires in a specific medium. A number of different experimental methods can be used including electrophoretic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. [CHMO] zeta-potential measurement true dissolving A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component. [CHMO] dissolving Karl-Fischer volumetric titration Karl Fischer volumetric titration volumetric Karl Fischer titration volumetric Karl-Fischer titration Karl-Fischer volumetric titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. In this method the titrant is added directly to the sample using a burette. [CHMO] Karl-Fischer volumetric titration partition chromatography Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences between the solubility of the sample components in the stationary phase (gas chromatography), or on differences between the solubilities of the components in the mobile and stationary phases (liquid chromatography). [CHMO] partition chromatography flame ionization measurement FID flame ionization detection flame ionization process A flame ionization measurement is a measurement which is sensitive to compounds containing C-H bonds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air and ignited. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode, allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO] flame ionization measurement true cleaning cleansing cleanup Cleaning is the process of getting rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope] cleaning true liquid chromatography LC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO] liquid chromatography true reflectometry reflectivity measurement Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle. [CHMO] reflectometry ultraviolet absorbance measurement UV detection UV measurement ultra-violet detection ultra-violet measurement ultraviolet detection ultraviolet measurement 2019-08-14 Changed definition and preferred label. [Allotrope] Ultraviolet absorbance measurement is electronic absorbance measurement of light in the wavelength region of 190-350 nm. [Allotrope] ultraviolet absorbance measurement true supercritical-fluid chromatography SFC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [CHMO] supercritical-fluid chromatography true vortexing Vortexing is a process of mixing that creates a vortex in the solution usually using a vortexer. [Allotrope] vortexing true porosimetry The measurement of the pore diameter, pore-size distribution and total pore volume of a sample. [CHMO] porosimetry PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) fraction collection Fraction collection is the collection of fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC] fraction collection true spectrophotometry MAS molecular absorption spectrophotometry molecular electronic absorption spectroscopy A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] spectrophotometry coulometric titration Coulometric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. In a coulometric titration the titrant is generated electrochemically by passing a constant current through an electrolyte. [CHMO] coulometric titration true information process A process that affects, creates or destroys information content. [Allotrope] information processing is often dependent on a signal processing, but abstracts the bearer of information from the content [OSTHUS] information process true gas chromatography GC GC run gas chromatography run Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO] An instance of gas chromatography can be a single-injection GC run. gas chromatography nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR NMR spectrometry NMR spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry A type of spectroscopy where the energy states of spin-active nuclei placed in a static magnetic field are interrogated by inducing transitions between the states via radio frequency irradiation. [CHMO] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy true dilatometry The measurement and study of dimensional changes in polymers as a function of temperature, fluid absorption, mechanical stress or chemical reaction. [CHMO] dilatometry cellular assay An assay that generates data about the presence, quantity, structure, function, behavior, or activity of cells, or a process that occurs at a cellular level of anatomical granularity (includes subcellular structures and organelles). [VIVO-ISF] cellular assay diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry UV-vis-DRS UV-vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy diffuse reflectance UV-visible A type of spectroscopy where the diffuse reflection of radiation in the range ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) by a sample is measured. [CHMO] diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry true separating separation A branching process that isolates flows into distinct component flows. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST] separating Karl-Fischer titration Karl Fischer titration Karl-Fischer titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. [CHMO] Karl-Fischer titration capillary electrophoresis CZE capillary zone electrophoresis A capillary electrophoresis is an electrophoresis which takes place in a capillary. [CHMO] capillary electrophoresis true planning A process of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI] The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a robot scientist executing software. [OBI] planning true weighing weighment weight check Weighing is the measuring of weight of an object. Weight related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place. [Wikipedia] weighing true peak picking Peak picking is a data transformation to convert profile spectral data into centroided spectral data. [Allotrope] peak picking true conductometry conductimetry 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Conductometry is the measurement of the conductance of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO] conductometry true IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook. spectrometry spectroscopy 2024-09-12 Changed definition to align with [IUPAC] instead of [CHMO]. Spectrometry is the measurement of such radiations as a means of obtaining information about the systems and their components. [IUPAC] spectrometry true column chromatography A chromatography method where the stationary bed is within a tube (of standard length 25 cm). The particles of the solid stationary phase or support coated with a liquid stationary phase may fill the whole inside volume of the tube (packed column) or be concentrated on or along the inside tube wall leaving an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase in the middle part of the tube (open-tubular column). [CHMO] column chromatography degassing degas degasification Degassing is a sample preparation process whereby the adsorbed (dissolved) gas is removed from a solid or liquid. [Allotrope] degassing IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook. calorimetry enthalpimetric analysis enthalpimetry 2018-11-01 Changed definition, previous definition: The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction. [CHMO] A measurement in which heat is measured as some chemical reaction or physical process occurs. [IUPAC] calorimetry true osmometry osometry The measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance which often used to determine its molecular weight. [CHMO] osmometry volumetric titration Volumetric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured volumes of a titrant (normally via a burette) until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO] volumetric titration electrophoresis cataphoresis electrophoretic analysis An electrophoresis is a separation where colloidal particles move at different speeds according to their electrophoretic mobilities in a separation medium, across which an electric field is applied. [CHMO] electrophoresis nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography nHPLC nano HPLC nano flow HPLC nano high performance liquid chromatography nano high pressure liquid chromatography nano high-performance liquid chromatography nano high-pressure liquid chromatography nano-HPLC nanoHPLC nanoflow HPLC nanoflow high performance liquid chromatography nanoflow high pressure liquid chromatography nanoflow high-pressure liquid chromatography nanoflow-HPLC nanoflowHPLC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, the inlet pressure is relatively high and the flow rate is nL min-1. [CHMO] nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography true loading 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Loading is the importing of a material into a new location that contains the material. [Allotrope] The loading step of IEF is the mixing of the sample with the appropriate ampholytes and loading the mixture into the capillary. [Allotrope] loading true amperometry amperometric method An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured whilst the potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is controlled. [CHMO] amperometry catalymetric titration Catalymetric titration is he process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point is reached. The titration involves a catalyst, and the end-point is detected by the sudden increase or decrease in the rate of a reaction. [CHMO] catalymetric titration high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC high performance liquid chromatography high pressure liquid chromatography high-pressure liquid chromatography Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO] high-performance liquid chromatography nuclear magnetic resonance assay nuclear magnetic resonance method A nuclear magnetic resonance assay is magnetic resonance assay that applies a technique which detects the response of nuclear spins to a perturbing magnetic field. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance assay vibrational spectroscopy vibrational spectroscopic analysis Vibrational spectroscopy is a spectroscopy which probes the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecule. [CHMO] vibrational spectroscopy true dilution Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. [Allotrope] dilution annealing A heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. [CHMO] annealing spectra combination Spectra combination is a data transformation that combines multiple spectra. [Allotrope] spectra combination purification A purification is a removing process that is used to physically separate an analyte from byproducts, reagents or contaminating substances. [Allotrope, CHMO] purification true equimolar spectrophotometry A method where the absorption of radiation in the ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) is used to calculate stability constants by equimolar dilution. [CHMO] equimolar spectrophotometry true rheometry rheological measurements rheology The study of the flow of fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity. Rheometry is the measurement of the relationship between deformation and stress for these liquids. [CHMO] rheometry size-exclusion chromatography SEC size exclusion chromatography Column chromatography where the separation is achieved based on differences in molecular size. [CHMO] size-exclusion chromatography true sorption-desorption measurements adsorption-desorption adsorption/desorption sorption-desorption sorption/desorption A method for determining surface area by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. Regression analysis is then applied to the data, resulting in an isotherm. [CHMO] sorption-desorption measurements true gravimetry gravimetric mass measurement Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. [Wikipedia] gravimetry true voltammetry voltammetric method An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured as a function of time and as a function of the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes. [CHMO] voltammetry differential optical absorption spectrophotometry DOAS differential optical absorbance spectrometry differential optical absorbance spectroscopy differential optical absorption spectrometry differential optical absorption spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy where the difference between incident and transmitted radiation is measured for a gaseous sample. [CHMO] differential optical absorption spectrophotometry ultraviolet spectrophotometry UV spectrophotometry UV spectroscopic measurements UV spectroscopy ultra-violet spectrometry ultra-violet spectrophotometry ultra-violet spectroscopy ultraviolet spectrometry ultraviolet spectroscopy Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] ultraviolet spectrophotometry true detecting detection 2018-08-09 Changed definition, removed alt label detection method. [Allotrope] Detecting is observing the presence of an entity. This occurs when a threshold value of a quantity (quality, disposition, process property) is exceeded. [Allotrope] detecting ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry UV spectrometry UV-VIS UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometry UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy UV-VIS spectrophotometry UV-VIS spectroscopy UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrometry UV-Vis molecular absorption spectroscopy UV-Vis spectroscopy UV-vis UV-vis absorption spectrometry UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry UV-vis absorption spectroscopy UV-vis spectrometry UV-vis spectrophotometry UV-vis spectroscopy UV-visible UV-visible spectroscopy UV/VIS UV/VIS absorption spectrophotometry UV/VIS spectrometry UV/VIS spectrophotometry UV/VIS spectroscopy UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry UV/Vis spectrometry UV/Vis spectrophotometry UV/Vis spectroscopy UV/vis absorption spectrophotometry electronic absorption spectroscopy molecular electronic absorption spectroscopy ultra-violet-visible spectrometry ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible ultraviolet-visible spectrometry ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry true integration The method used to obtain the integral of a function or curve. [Allotrope] integration true peak separation peak resolution method peak separation method resolution measurement method Peak separation is a data transformation that allows to distinguish between two peaks. [Allotrope] peak separation true removing data Removing data is a data transformation that removes parts from an aggregate of data. [Allotrope] removing data Karl-Fischer coulometric titration Karl Fischer coulometric titration Karl Fischer coulometry Karl-Fischer coulometry coulometric Karl Fischer titration coulometric Karl-Fischer titration Karl-Fischer coulometric titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. In this method the I2 is generated electrochemically from I- and titrated with sulfur dioxide. [CHMO] Karl-Fischer coulometric titration adsorption chromatography Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences between the adsorption affinities of the sample components for the surface of an active solid. [CHMO] adsorption chromatography K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 chemical ionization CI Formation of a new ion in the gas phase by the reaction of a neutral with an ion. The process may involve transfer of an electron, a proton, or other charged species between the reactants. [IUPAC] chemical ionization This term is not synonymous with chemi-ionization. [IUPAC] When a positive ion results from chemical ionization, the term may be used without qualification. When a negative ion results, the term negative ion chemical ionization should be used. [IUPAC] liquid chromatography at the critical condition LCCC liquid chromatography at critical conditions Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid held at or near its critical point. Liquid chromatography at the critical condition is used to determine functionality distributions in polymers. [CHMO] liquid chromatography at the critical condition blood gas analysis ABG BGA arterial blood gas blood gas measurement Blood gas analysis is the process of analyzing amount of dissolved gases in a blood sample. [Allotrope] blood gas analysis Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy FT Raman spectrometry FT Raman spectroscopy FT-Raman Fourier transform Raman spectrometry Fourier-transform Raman spectrometry Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy A type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of light by a sample is detected and the spectrum is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO] Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of light by a sample is detected and the spectrum is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO] Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry reflectance UV-VIS spectrometry reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy reflectance UV/VIS spectrometry reflectance UV/VIS spectroscopy reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectrometry reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometry reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy reflection UV-VIS spectrometry reflection UV-VIS spectroscopy reflection UV/VIS spectrometry reflection UV/VIS spectroscopy reflection ultra-violet-visible spectrometry reflection ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy reflection ultraviolet-visible spectrometry reflection ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy where the reflection or scattering of radiation from the sample surface is detected. [CHMO] reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry quadrupole mass spectrometry QMS quadrapole mass spectrometry quadrupolar mass spectrometry quadrupolar mass spectroscopy quadrupole mass spectroscopy Quadrapole mass spectrometry is a type of mass spectrometry where the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample ions is measured using an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [Allotrope] quadrupole mass spectrometry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector#Gas_chromatograph_detector electron capture measurement ECD electron capture detection electron capture dissociation Electron capture measurement is a measurement that is sensitive to electronegative compounds (e.g. halogenated compounds). A beta-particle emitter (e.g. 63Ni) is used to produce an electron beam, which is passed between two electrodes. As the sample is passed through the e-beam, organic functional groups interact with the electrons, interrupting the current. [Allotrope, CHMO] electron capture measurement blood measurement method A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. [CMO] blood measurement method biological measurement method The determination of the relative strength of a substance (e.g., a drug or hormone or toxicant) by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation. [Wikipedia] biological measurement method true polarimetry optical rotation measurement 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Polarimetry is a measurement of the extent to which a sample interacts with polarized electromagnetic radiation by transmission, reflection, refraction, or diffraction. [CHMO] polarimetry true mixing mixing material The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process must not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [CHMO] mixing scanning scan Scanning is measuring repeatedly or sweepingly. [Allotrope] scanning true sample preparation preparative method sample preparation step sample preparative method sample processing sample transformation method 2019-08-20 Changed pref label and definition. Fixed formal definition not to use equivalence. [Allotrope] Sample preparation is a planned preparation process that synthesizes, converts or changes a sample. [Allotrope] sample preparation true normal-phase chromatography NPC normal phase chromatography A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary and polar, while the other is non-polar and moves in a definite direction. [CHMO] normal-phase chromatography PAC, 1995, 67, 1699 (Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1701 quantitative analysis assay quantitative analysis quantitative determination method A measurement method which obtains the concentration or quantity of a specified substance in an analyte. [CHMO] Analyses in which the amount or concentration of an analyte may be determined (estimated) and expressed as a numerical value in appropriate units. Qualitative analysis may take place without quantitative analysis, but quantitative analysis requires the identification (qualification) of the analytes for which numerical estimates are given. [IUPAC] quantitative analysis assay true liquid-solid chromatography LSC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is a solid. [CHMO] liquid-solid chromatography true charge transport measurement Any technique for measuring charge transport. [CHMO] charge transport measurement true magnetometry magnetic susceptibility measurements The measurement of the strength and/or direction of magnetic fields, or the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. [CHMO] magnetometry oxidation-reduction titration oxidation-reduction titration redox titration Oxidation-reduction titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by monitoring a redox process until the endpoint, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO] oxidation-reduction titration sampling material sample taking sampling Sampling material is sampling of a material of interest for studying. [Allotrope] sampling can be both separating or partitioning or a combination of it pulling a small sample outside a bioreactor sampling material true chromatography A chromatography is a separation where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO] chromatography synthesis 2019-09-20 Changed subclassing. [Allotrope] Synthesis is a planned material process that combines, changes or converts material to produce a new material. [Allotrope] synthesis true electroporation electropermeabilization A method for introducing polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane. A large electric pulse (300-400 mV for <1 ms) temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer, allowing molecules like DNA to pass into the cell. [CHMO] electroporation optical microscopy OM light microscopy A type of microscopy where the specimen is illuminated with visible light and a system of lenses is used to produce an image. [CHMO] optical microscopy chelatometric titration Chelatometric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample (metal cation) by adding measured increments of a titrant (a chelating agent) until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO] chelatometric titration reversed-phase liquid chromatography RPLC reversed phase liquid chromatography 2016-02-03 Removed altLabel [OSTHUS] Liquid chromatography where the mobile phase is significantly more polar than the stationary phase, for example a microporous silica-based material with chemically bonded alkyl chains. [CHMO] reversed-phase liquid chromatography formulation process formulation The process of formulation allows the preparation of mixtures of components in accordance with a formula and documents the composition. [Allotrope] formulation process Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609. mass spectrometry MS mass spectroscopy Mass spectrometry is a spectrometry that studies matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties. [IUPAC] Mass spectroscopy is an obsolete synonym for mass spectrometry that should not be used to avoid confusion with spectroscopies in which the measured quantity is the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC] The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC] mass spectrometry true physical blending The process of making a polymer blend by mechanically mixing different polymers together in the melt. [CHMO] physical blending scattering spectroscopy Any method that measures the amount of light that a substance scatters at certain wavelengths, incident angles, and polarization angles. [CHMO] scattering spectroscopy cooling The transfer of thermal energy from a material to its surrounding environment. [CHMO] cooling true differentiation The method to obtain the derivative of a function or curve. [Allotrope] differentiation acid-base titration acid/base titration Acid-base titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample (an acid or base) by adding measured increments of a titrant (a base or acid) until the endpoint, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO] acid-base titration filtration The process of segregation of phases; the separation of suspended solids from a liquid or gas, usually by forcing a carrier gas or liquid through a porous medium. [CHMO] filtration true liquid-liquid chromatography LLC liquid-liquid chromatography Column chromatography where both the mobile phase and the stationary phase are liquids. The stationary phase must be immiscible and insoluble in the mobile phase and is usually supported on a suitable material such as a diatomaceous earth. [CHMO] liquid-liquid chromatography equilibration Equilibration is the process of bring the state of a system to an equilibrium. [Allotrope] equilibration true injection (chromatography) injection sample introduction 2018-10-24 Moved to chromatography domain ontology, subclassed under loading [Allotrope] 2022-06-20 Subclassed under sample introduction [Allotrope] Process of loading a sample into a chromatography system. [Allotrope] injection (chromatography) assembling assembly The process of fitting device components together to form a system. [Allotrope] assembling true piece counting Piece counting is determining the number of objects in an object aggregate. [Allotrope] piece counting true homogenization The intensive mixing of mutually insoluble phases (sometimes with addition of surfactants) to obtain a soluble suspension or emulsion. [CHMO] homogenization true dielectrometry The measurement of the relative permittivity of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO] dielectrometry true electronic spectrometry 2024-09-12 Changed prefLabel for consistent usage of -metry vs -scopy. Any spectroscopic method which probes the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO] electronic spectrometry Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectrometry FT NIRS FT-NIRS FTNIRS Fourier transform near infra-red absorbance spectrometry Fourier transform near infra-red absorption spectrometry Fourier transform near infra-red spectrometry Fourier transform near infra-red spectroscopy Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectrometry Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectroscopy Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectroscopy A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs a single pulse of radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO] Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectrometry true densitometry densiometric measurements densiometry densitometric measurements The measurement of the density of a sample. [CHMO] densitometry true chiral chromatography A separation method where the components (in this case stereoisomers) are distributed between two chiral phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO] chiral chromatography true stirring 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Stirring is a mixing involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope] stirring K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 electron ionization EI electron impact electron impact ionization Electron ionization is a ionization that removes one or more electrons from an atom or molecule through interactions with electrons that are typically accelerated to energies between 10 and 150 eV. [IUPAC] electron ionization G. L. Glish. Analyst 119, 533 (1994). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 multiple-stage mass spectrometry MSn MSn spectrometry MSn spectroscopy multiple-stage mass spectroscopy Multiple-stage mass spectrometry is a mass spectrometry where multiple stages of precursor ion m/z selection are followed by product ion detection for successive nth-generation product ions. [IUPAC] multiple-stage mass spectrometry reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography RHPLC RP-HPLC gradient reverse HPLC gradient reverse high-performance liquid chromatography reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography reversed-phase HPLC reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography where the inlet pressure is relatively high and the mobile phase is significantly more polar than the stationary phase (which consists of very small particles), for example a microporous silica-based material with chemically bonded alkyl chains. [CHMO] reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography true rinsing flushing purging Rinsing is the process of washing quickly a device with a solution. [Allotrope] rinsing true Fourier transformation fourier transformation The Fourier transformation decomposes a function of time (e.g. a signal) into the frequencies that make it up. [Wikipedia] Fourier transformation visible spectrophotometry optical absorption spectroscopy visible spectrometry visible spectroscopy Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the visible region (380-800 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] visible spectrophotometry capillary high-performance liquid chromatography capillary HPLC capillary high performance liquid chromatography capillary high pressure liquid chromatography capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography capillary-HPLC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles held in a tube of diameter less than a millimeter, and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO] capillary high-performance liquid chromatography Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy FT-IR FT-IR spectroscopy FTIR FTIR spectrometry FTIR spectroscopy Fourier transform infra-red absorption spectroscopy Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region (0.78-1000 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO] Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy imaging assay An imaging assay is a physical characterization assay to produce a picture of an entity. [CHMO] imaging assay true aspirating aspiration Aspirating is the process of sample preparation that is to draw an amount of a liquid by suction and then expel the liquid. [Allotrope] aspirating true pH measurement measurement of pH pH sensing sensing of pH The measurement of pH is the negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, this measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity. Operationally the pH of a solution X, pH(X), is measured relative to that of a standard reference solution, pH(S), and defined as pH(X) = pH(S) - (E(X) - E(S))/(RT/F)ln 10, where E(X) and E(S) are the electromotive forces measured in cells containing the solution X and the reference solution respectively. [CHMO] pH measurement drying drying sample drying The process of removing a solvent from a substance. [CHMO] drying true washing Washing is a process by which a material entity acting as contaminant (e.g. excess staining reagent) is removed by application of one or more cycles of solution in flow. [CHMO] washing true luminescence measurement luminescence detection 2018-08-09 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope] The measurement of luminescence from a material. [Allotrope] luminescence measurement titration titrimetic analysis titrimetry Titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO] titration scanning calorimetry The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction by the known variation (step-wise or linear) of one variable, whilst a second is kept constant. [CHMO] scanning calorimetry true priming Priming is a type of cleaning that happens at the beginning of a period of time and results in the device being filled with the appropriate reagents. [Allotrope] prime of a cell counter analyzer at the beginning of a day priming true inverting Inverting is a sample preparation step of mixing. It is homogenization by switching the y-axis of a sample several times, turning it upside down using a syringe. [Allotrope] inverting true coulometry An electrochemical technique where the total Coulombs of electricity required to complete (fully oxidize or fully reduce the sample in) an electrochemical reaction is measured. [CHMO] coulometry coating coating method The application of a thin cover to a material. [CHMO] coating ionization ionization method Ionization is a converting chemical reaction by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. [Wikipedia] ionization true trending monitor trend analysis Trending is a process of monitoring that consists of collecting information and identifying underlying patterns. [Allotrope] trending E. de Hoffmann (1996). Tandem Mass Spectrometry: a Primer. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 31: 129–137. K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 selected reaction monitoring SRM Selected reaction monitoring is a multiple-stage mass spectrometry where data acquired from one or more specific product ions corresponding to m/z selected precursor ions are recorded via two or more stages of mass spectrometry. [IUPAC] Selected reaction monitoring applied to multiple product ions from one or more precursor ions is known as multiple reaction monitoring. [IUPAC] Selected reaction monitoring in multiple-stage mass spectrometry is known as consecutive reaction monitoring. [IUPAC] selected reaction monitoring planar chromatography open bed chromatography open-bed chromatography A chromatography method where the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. [CHMO] planar chromatography infrared absorption spectroscopy IR IR absorption spectrometry IR absorption spectroscopy IR spectrometry IR spectrophotometry IR spectroscopy infra-red absorption spectrometry infra-red absorption spectroscopy infra-red spectrometry infra-red spectrophotometry infrared (IR) spectroscopy infrared absorption spectrometry infrared spectrometry infrared spectrophotometry infrared spectroscopy Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region. [CHMO] infrared absorption spectroscopy normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography NP-HPLC normal phase HPLC normal-phase HPLC Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, and the inlet pressure is relatively high. In normal-phase HPLC, the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. [CHMO] normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ultra high-performance liquid chromatography RRLC RSLC UFLC UHPLC UPLC rapid resolution liquid chromatography rapid separation liquid chromatography ultra fast liquid chromatography ultra performance liquid chromatography Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small (< 2 µm) particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO] ultra high-performance liquid chromatography true interferometry laser interferometry optical interferometry The measurement of the properties of two or more lasers or waves by studying the pattern of interference created by their superposition. [CHMO] interferometry chromatography data processing 2019-09-09 Moved under data transformation and fixed definition. [Allotrope] Chromatography data processing is a data transformation on chromatograms. [Allotrope] chromatography data processing J. B. Fenn, M. Mann, C. K. Meng, S. F. Wong, C. M. Whitehouse. Science 246, 64 (1989). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 M. Dole, L. L. Mack, R. L. Hines, R. C. Mobley, L. D. Ferguson, M. B. Alice. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 2240 (1968). electrospray ionization ESI ionspray Spray ionization process in which either cations or anions in solution are transferred to the gas phase via formation and desolvation at atmospheric pressure of a stream of highly charged droplets that result from applying a potential difference between the tip of the electrospray needle containing the solution and a counter electrode. [IUPAC] The term ionspray is deprecated unless describing the commercial product. electrospray ionization true tensiometry surface tensiometry The measurement of the surface tension of a liquid. [CHMO] tensiometry IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook. Nomenclature for thermal analysis - IV (Recommendations 1985), Mackenzie, R.C., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1985, 57(11), 1737 differential scanning calorimetry DSC differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis differential scanning calorimetric analysis Differential scanning calorimetry is a thermal analysis method in which the difference in energy inputs into a substance and a reference material is measured as a function of temperature whilst the substance and reference material are subjected to a controlled temperature program. [IUPAC] differential scanning calorimetry hydrophobic interaction chromatography HIC Separation using HIC is based on the reversible interaction between a protein and the hydrophobic ligand bound to the chromatography matrix. [Allotrope] hydrophobic interaction chromatography true viscometry The measurement of the viscosity of fluids by observing the relative motion of the fluid and an object. Viscometry is used to measure the molecular weight of polymers. [CHMO] viscometry concentrating preconcentration A preparative step where the concentration of one component is increased. [CHMO] concentrating true electronic absorbance measurement electronic absorbance measuring electronic absorption detection Electronic absorption measurement is a measurement that is based on the absorption of energy by electronic transitions. [Allotrope] Detecting has some overlap with measuring. Usually measuring is the way detecting works, but detection as response from a sensor without quantitation is also possible. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance measurement true passaging subculturing In biology, a subculture is a new cell or microbiological culture made by transferring some or all cells from a previous culture to fresh growth medium. This action is called subculturing or passaging the cells. Subculture is used to prolong the life and/or expand the number of cells or microorganisms in the culture. [Wikipedia] passaging true thermal conductivity measurement TCD thermal conductivity detection thermal conductivity measuring 2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope] A measuring that is sensitive to inorganic gases. A hot (450 deg. C) filament is used to heat a carrier gas containing the sample and the difference in thermal conductivity caused by the presence of the sample is measured. [CHMO] thermal conductivity measurement magnetic resonance assay magnetic resonance method A magnetic resonance assay is an assay that applies a technique which detects the response of spins to a perturbing magnetic field. [Allotrope] magnetic resonance assay clinical measurement method clinical measurement A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. [CMO] clinical measurement method oximetry Any technique used to measure the levels of oxygen in a sample. [CHMO] oximetry separation method-detection method An experiment in which a separation method is coupled to a detection method in order to detect one or more different components of a sample. [CHMO] separation method-detection method ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry UV-VIS-NIR UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry UV-Vis-NIR UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy UV-visible-near IR absorption spectroscopy UV-visible-near IR spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (190-2000 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry true refractive index measurement RI detection RID refractive index detection refractive index measuring 2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope] 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A refractive index measurement is a measuring based on the change in refractive index of a solution. Light is passed through a hollow prism and focused on a photocell. When a liquid containing the sample is allowed to flow through the prism, the light diverges from its original path and the change in intensity and angle of the transmitted light is measured. [CHMO] refractive index measurement chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography CSP HPLC CSP-HPLC HPLC on a chiral stationary phase chiral HPLC chiral stationary phase high-pressure liquid chromatography Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small chiral particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO] chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography infrared transmission spectroscopy IR transmission spectroscopy IR transmittance spectroscopy infrared transmittance spectroscopy transmission IR Infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of infrared radiation (0.78-1000 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO] infrared transmission spectroscopy true sonication The irradiation of a liquid sample with sound (20-20 000 Hz) waves resulting in agitation. Sound waves propagate into the liquid media result in alternating high-pressure (compression) and low-pressure (rarefaction) cycles. During rarefaction, high-intensity sonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid, which then collapse violently (cavitation) during compression, creating very high local temperatures. [CHMO] sonication true measuring measurement 2018-08-09 Changed definition [Allotrope] Measuring is observing a property of an entity called a quantity, that has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference to another entity, and obtaining one or more quantity values for it. The observed entity is a quality or a disposition for a continuant, for a process it is a process property such as duration. [Allotrope] measuring true data apodization data massaging A term used meaning the processing and manipulation of the spectral data produced for the purposes of improving spectral appearance, change the signal to noise ratio (S/N), or resolution. The term is often collectively used in conjunction with line broadening, sharpening, averaging, smoothing. [Allotrope] data apodization true capillary liquid chromatography cap-LC capLC Chromatography which takes place in a separation capillary and where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO] capillary liquid chromatography true colorimetry colorimetric method colourimetry The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO] colorimetry thermal analysis thermal analysis method Thermal analysis is any measurement technique in which a physical property of the sample is measured as a function of temperature. [CHMO] thermal analysis displacement chromatography Chromatography where the mobile phase contains a compound (the displacer) more strongly retained than the components of the sample under examination. The sample is fed into the system as a finite slug. [CHMO] displacement chromatography normal-phase liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography where the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. This is the default for liquid chromatography. [CHMO] normal-phase liquid chromatography true reversed-phase chromatography RPC reverse phase chromatography reverse-phase chromatography reversed phase chromatography A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary and non-polar, while the other is polar and moves in a definite direction. [CHMO] reversed-phase chromatography JCGM 200:2008 International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) calibration Calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. [Wikipedia] calibration true pipeting Pipeting transfers a given amount of liquid solution using a pipette, dropper or pipettor. [Allotrope] pipeting near infrared absorption spectroscopy NIR absorbance spectrometry NIR absorbance spectroscopy NIRS near infra-red absorbance spectrometry near infra-red absorbance spectroscopy near infra-red absorption spectrometry near infra-red spectrometry near infrared absorbance spectrometry near infrared absorbance spectroscopy near infrared absorption spectrometry near infrared spectrometry near infrared spectroscopy near-infrared absorption spectroscopy Near infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [CHMO] near infrared absorption spectroscopy ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography IE-HPLC IEX-HPLC ion exchange HPLC ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography ion-exchange HPLC ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, the inlet pressure is relatively high and the separation is caused by differences in ion-exchange affinity. [CHMO] ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography true velocimetry The measurement of the velocity of a moving object or medium. [CHMO] velocimetry K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 selected ion monitoring SIM SIR selected ion recording Selected ion monitoring is mass spectrometry where the abundances of ions of one or more specific m/z values are recorded rather than the entire mass spectrum. [IUPAC] selected ion monitoring headspace chromatography Headspace chromatography is a type of chromatography that uses the gaseous headspace above a sample for analysis because very light volatiles can be efficiently partitioned as they diffuse to the gas volume above. [Allotrope] headspace chromatography mass spectrometry scan A mass spectrometry scan is a scan in a mass spectrometry run. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry scan K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 multiple reaction monitoring MRM Multiple reaction monitoring is a selected reaction monitoring applied to multiple product ions from one or more precursor ions. [IUPAC] This term should not be confused with consecutive reaction monitoring, which involves the serial application of three or more stages of selected reaction monitoring. [IUPAC] multiple reaction monitoring true ion detection Ion detection is detecting the presence of ions. [Allotrope] ion detection IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979 IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 mass analysis Mass analysis is a measuring process by which a mixture of ionic or neutral species is identified according to their m/z values (ions), or their aggregate atomic masses (neutrals), and their relative abundances. The analysis may be qualitative and/or quantitative. [IUPAC] mass analysis K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 spray ionization Spray ionization is a ionization that involve dispersing the liquid into fine droplets as a component step. [IUPAC] Most of these techniques are examples of atmospheric pressure ionization. [IUPAC] spray ionization mixed-mode chromatography multimodal chromatography Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), or multimodal chromatography, refers to chromatographic methods that utilize more than one form of interaction between the stationary phase and analytes in order to achieve separation. [Wikipedia] mixed-mode chromatography signal averaging Signal averaging is a process of combining spectra of repeated measurements in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. [Allotrope] signal averaging true background measurement Background measurement is the process of determination of the base level of signals without presence of a sample. [Allotrope] background measurement of particle sizing in order to measure the electrical noise as well as laser scattering due to contamination of the optical parts or the dispersant background measurement hardness test tablet hardness testing Tablet hardness testing is a laboratory technique used by the pharmaceutical industry to test the breaking point and structural integrity of a tablet under conditions of storage, transportation, and handling before usage. [Wikipedia] Tablet hardness is a measure of robustness to further processing such as film coating. [Allotrope] hardness test vapor generation The producing of vapor. [Allotrope] vapor generation true pressure measurement A measurement that targets the pressure of some material entity. [Allotrope] Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure, although the term is currently often used to mean any pressure measuring instrument. [Wikipedia] pressure measurement true assay analysis 2020-03-23 Changed alt labels. [Allotrope] A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluand, by physically examining it or its proxies. [OBI] assay true dedusting Dedusting is the process of removal of dust. [Allotrope] dedusting fingerprinting Fingerprinting is the process of comparison or overlay of measured spectra with existing reference spectra. [Allotrope] fingerprinting t-test The t-test is a process of quantifying the closeness of two sets of data points. It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the means of the two sets divided by the standard error of the difference. [Allotrope] t-test closed loop vapor generation closed loop The closed loop uses feedback control for the regulation of the vapor generation. The system continuously detects deviations from the target partial pressure and adjusts the vapor generation correspondingly. [Allotrope] closed loop vapor generation true sieve analysis Sieve analysis is a process of particle sizing by filtering particles according to their size through sieves with decreasing pore size. [Allotrope] sieve analysis true particle sizing particle size analysis particle size measurement Particle sizing is an experimental method for the investigation of particle sizes in a sample. [Allotrope] particle sizing disintegration test A disintegration test is a test to check the time that an object needs to disintegrate. [Allotrope] disintegration test true tube breeding Tube breeding is a process of cleaning vacuum tubes in order to remove any impurities. [Allotrope] tube breeding true fluorimetry fluorescence assay fluorescence detection fluorescence measurement 2018-12-11 Changed labels [Allotrope] An assay in which a materials fluorescence is determined. [VIVO-ISF] fluorimetry true packing Packing is the process of transferring an object into a container as a densely packed phase. [Allotrope] packing a column with the solid phase packing a sample into a ssNMR rotor packing true concentration measurement An concentration measurement is the determination of the concentration of a compound in solution. [Allotrope] protein concentration measurement quick slope, linearity measurement, UV measurement in which the cell pathlength is varied. [Allotrope]. simple read, i.e. simple measurement at a defined wavelength concentration measurement pressure control 2020-03-09 Subclassed under controlling and fixed definition [Allotrope] 2021-09-21 Moved under changing. [Allotrope] A pressure control is a controlling process that controls pressure of some material. [Allotrope] pressure control temperature control 2020-03-09 Subclassed under controlling and fixed definition [Allotrope] 2021-09-21 Moved under changing. [Allotrope] A temperature control is a controlling process that controls the temperature of some material. [Allotrope] temperature control test A test can be considered a technical operation or procedure that consists of determination of one or more characteristics of a given product, process or service according to a specified procedure. Often a test is part of an experiment. The test result can be qualitative (yes/no), categorical, or quantitative (a measured value). It can be a personal observation or the output of a precision measuring instrument. [Wikipedia] test compression Compression is the act of reducing volume by applying a force. [Allotrope] In the case of tablets it is the act of forming a solid plug from individual powder / granule components. compression membrane chromatography A chromatography method where the separation is based on the adsorption to membranes. [Allotrope] membrane chromatography quantification quantitation In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into members of some set of numbers. [Wikipedia] quantification data acquisition Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. [Wikipedia] data acquisition true structure determination A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. [Wikipedia] structure determination true material process A process that affects the physical qualities of materials or creates, destroys or converts materials. [Allotrope] material process true quality process profile quality profile A quality process profile is a process profile that covers the change of a quality of an independent continuant that is participant of the profiles process. [Allotrope] suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile quality process profile true calculation computation computing A calculation is a process by which a data transformation technique that involves problem solving for numbers or quantities is performed. [Allotrope] calculation true drawing Drawing is the process by which an object or liquid is extracted from a container or receptacle. [Allotrope] drawing true end The process boundary when the process ends. [Allotrope] end mobile phase delivery 2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Mobile phase delivery is a process performed by a chromatography system in which the mobile phase is mixed and transported through the instrument for separation and detection. [Allotrope] mobile phase delivery true peak analysis A peak analysis is a data transformation on a peak that analyzes peak facets. [Allotrope] peak analysis true pressure process profile pressure profile 2020-06-15 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope] A pressure process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some pressure. [Allotrope] pressure process profile true ratio calculation A ratio calculation is the process of performing the mathematical exercise of dividing a quotient of one quantity by another quotient to demonstrate the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. [Allotrope] ratio calculation relative retention calculation The relative retention calculation is a process of performing the mathematical ratio quantification of the time a substance and a standard that remain in the stationary phase of a chromatography process. [Allotrope] relative retention calculation true specifying Specifying is a process that produces an information object which describes constraints or objectives on characteristics like qualities, functions, dispositions, facets of continuants or processes. [Allotrope] specifying true temperature process profile temperature profile 2020-06-18 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope] Temperature profile is a quality process profile that tracks temperature. [Allotrope] temperature process profile true observing observation sensing Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. [Wikipedia] observing containing state being contained The state of keeping a flow within spatial limits. [Allotrope] A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST] containing state true transferring deliver transmitting Transferring is channeling a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST] transferring true transmitting energy channeling energy conducting energy energy transmission Transmitting energy is transferring an energy from one place to another. [Allotrope, NIST] transmitting energy true communicating transferring signal transmitting signal Communicating is transferring information from one material entity to another. This can be by way of a material or energy connecting the entity or by transporting the material bearing the information between the locations. [Allotrope] communicating true producing creating creation production A process where some new material entity or information content entity does not exists at the start of the process but is existing at the end by way of the process. [Allotrope] Producing is dependent on the granularity and perspective. Many producing processes are converting processes in a different granulary or perspective. producing consuming consumption A process where a essential material entity participant ceases to exist at the end and it was existing at the start. [Allotrope] needs FOL for full axiomization consuming consuming energy collecting energy energy consumption Consuming energy is a consuming that consumes energy. [Allotrope] consuming energy producing energy energy production Producing energy is the producing of energy (from an unspecified energy source). [Allotrope] This is a black box perspective on the process only focussing on the energy flow out of the system. Within the system, this is a conversion process because of the physical laws of conservation. [Allotrope] producing energy true energetic process A process where an agent affects energy flowing in and out of a system or affecting the energetic state of materials. [Allotrope] energetic process storing material Storing material is the storing of material. [Allotrope] storing material storing energy conserving energy Storing energy is the storing of energy. [Allotrope] storing energy recording The process of copying the information in a signal into a persistent information bearer. [Allotrope] recording start The process boundary when the process starts. [Allotrope] start selecting material selection The partitioning of some object aggregate. [Allotrope] Selection does not necessarily involve physical separation. selecting referencing Referencing is the process of mentioning or referring to an entity by using a denotation of the entity. [Allotrope] referencing maintaining material maintenance Maintaining is a regulating process that keeps some or all of the characteristics of a material over time within a specification. [Allotrope] maintaining true branching disconnecting The process of causing a flow to no longer be topologically connected. [NIST] 1 input flow to n output flows For data flows, branching does not mean that the input flow fully ceases to exist. [Allotrope] branching true dividing partioning portioning splitting Dividing is a separating of flows focused on all parts of the flow. [Allotrope] dividing true extracting Separating by drawing, or forcibly pulling out, a flow that is of a different kind than that of the input flow. [Allotrope, NIST] A vacuum cleaner extracts debris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST] extracting true true localizing channeling localization spatial process A processing that affects the spatial location or orientation of some participants. [Allotrope] localizing true importing 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2022-06-23 Added assertions. [Allotrope] Importing is a localization that brings in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside of a boundary to the inside. [Allotrope, NIST] importing true exporting 2022-06-23 Added assertions. [Allotrope] Exporting is a channeling that sends a flow (material, energy, signal) from inside of a boundary to the outside. [Allotrope, NIST] exporting true guiding directing the course Guiding is directing the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [Allotrope, NIST] guiding true connecting Connecting is bringing two or more topological flows into connection. [Allotrope, NIST] n input flows to 1 output flow connecting coupling Coupling is connecting together material such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST] coupling joining Joining is the direct coupling of flows without any intermediary flow. [Allotrope] joining linking Linking is coupling flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST] linking true controlling Controlling is changing or regulating a flow in its magnitude. [NIST, Allotrope] controlling true actuating activating starting switching on turning on Actuating is the process of commencing the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST] actuating true regulating material Regulating material is adjusting a quality of material in response to a control signal. [Allotrope] regulating the temperature regulating material true changing material modification modifying material Changing is controlling a quality of the material in a predetermined and fixed manner. The identity of the material is maintained. [NIST] changing material shaping forming molding Shaping is changing the material in regard to spatial form. [Allotrope] shaping decrementing decrementing magnitude Decrementing is reducing the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [Allotrope] decrementing incrementing incrementing magnitude Incrementing is enlarging the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST] incrementing http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf achievement A process boundary based on some physical characteristics at the start or end of some process changing these characteristics. [Allotrope] achievement http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf accomplishment A non-cumulative process (event) that is non-atomic. [DOLCE] leaving a place An accomplishment is the process of what is coming out instead of what is going on. (Aristoteles kinesis vs. energeia). [Allotrope] accomplishment true http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf state A state is a homomeric, cumulative process in which all the temporal parts are described by the same expression used for the whole. [Allotrope] corroding state collecting collection The act of gathering things together; having been brought together in one place. [NCI] collecting arrival Arrival is the achievement of reaching the destination site in a moving process. [Allotrope] arrival repelling keeping separated A spatial change processing the increases the spatial distance from the start. [Allotrope] repelling resting state staying in place A state when material object keeps its spatial location and orientation. [Allotrope] resting state attracting keeping close A spatial change state the decreases the spatial distance at the end. [Allotrope] attracting true inserting material insertion A spatial processing of transferring material into a site. [Allotrope] inserting material true mereotopological process A process that affects the topological connectedness or parthood of two or more flows. [Allotrope] mereotopological process partitioning distributing distribution A processing that causes a flow to break up into disconnected partitions. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed material. [Allotrope] partitioning blocking A state of keeping two materials topologically disconnected by a separation medium. [Allotrope] blocking departure Departure is the achievement of leaving the source site in a moving process. [Allotrope] departure true positioning orienting spatial alignment 2021-09-21 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Positioning is a localization that changes a specific spatial location and orientation of an object relative to another. [Allotrope] positioning converting energy transducing Changing from one form of a flow energy to another. [NIST] A motor converts energy into mechanical energy. converting energy charging incrementing energy loading Increasing the amount of energy in a system. [Allotrope] charging discharging decrementing energy unloading discharging true stopping deactivating impeding turning off Stopping it the process of ceasing or preventing the transfer of a flow. [NIST] A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST] stopping true receiving importing signal A process that transports a signal across a system boundary into the system. [Allotrope] receiving sending exporting signal A process that transports a signal across a system boundary out of the system. [Allotrope] sending sensing state The state of perceiving or becoming aware of a signal. [Allotrope] sensing state displaying The process of transforming a signal into a visual signal (color, pattern). [Allotrope] displaying emission The achievement that a signal has left a source in an information transmission. [Allotrope] emission holding in place fixing securing supporting A state of supporting a material to stay in a location or orientation. [Allotrope] holding in place reception The accomplishment that a transferred signal reaches at its designated target. [Allotrope] reception true mental process cognitive process A physical process that occurs in the mind of a sentient being and is processing information. [Allotrope] mental process true rate process profile rate profile 2020-06-18 Changed labels and fixed definition [Allotrope] A rate profile is a process profile, which are changes to ratios of determinate quality magnitudes over time. [Allotrope] suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile rate process profile true cyclic rate process profile cyclic rate profile 2020-06-18 Changed labels. [Allotrope] A cyclic rate profile is a rate profile of a process that follows a cyclic pattern. [Allotrope] cyclic rate process profile disconnected state A state s with participating materials m1 and m2, and m1 is not connected to m2. [Allotrope] disconnected state true connected state being connected is connected A state s with participating materials m1 and m2 and m1 is connected to m2. [Allotrope] connected state melting The state of material becoming liquid from a solid. [Allotrope] melting solidifying The state of material becoming solid from liquid. [Allotrope] solidifying moving flowing A state when material is changing its position in space. [Allotrope] moving true changing energy Changing is controlling a quality of energy in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST] changing energy true transporting material conveying material transportation shifting transferring material Transporting is channeling by shifting, or conveying, a material from one place to another. [NIST] transporting material indicating state The state when the role of a signal is realized independent of any other material entity that may sense (perceive) the signal. [Allotrope] indicating state tracking signal acquisition The process of sensing signals and recording the information in the signals. [Allotrope] tracking sorting material Sorting is the dividing of material by an ordering criteria. [Allotrope] sorting material removing removal Taking away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST] removing true combining assembling Combining is the building of a whole out of parts. [Allotrope] combining energizing state energizing providing energy supplying energy State of making energy available for a consumer. [Allotrope] energizing state true regulating Regulating is the adjusting of a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST] Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST] regulating true changing modifying Changing is a processing by which an entity gains or looses parts, qualities, roles, dispositions, functions etc in a predetermined and fixed manner but maintains its identity. [Allotrope] changing indicating Indicating is signaling to make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST] indicating material test A test that verifies that some quality is within a specification. [Allotrope] material test analysis assay analysis analyte assay An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration or amount of an analyte in the evaluand. [OBI] analysis assay true separating material A separating of materials. [Allotrope] separating material true assessing Assessing is evaluating or estimating a quality or behavior. [Allotrope] assessing true image analysis Image analysis is the discovering of patterns in an image that are correlated to qualities of the material entity the image represents or of abstract patterns. [Allotrope] image analysis true temperature measurement 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A temperature measurement is a measurement that targets the temperature of some material entity. [Allotrope] temperature measurement storing state storing Storing is containing or collecting flows to accumulate. [NIST] storing state true signaling producing signal Signaling is the process of providing information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal. [NIST] signaling supplying state supplying A supplying state is a providing state that makes energy or material available for processing or consumption. [Allotrope] In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST] supplying state consuming signal Consuming signal is consuming of signals. [Allotrope] consuming signal true physical characterization assay An assay that examines physical qualities of material. [Allotrope] physical characterization assay providing state providing Providing is the state of accumulating or supplying a material or energy flow. [NIST] providing state collecting state collecting A storing state that brings a flow together at one place. [NIST] Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST] collecting state true converting Converting is a process that changes from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST] converting true converting material Changing from one form of a flow material to another. [NIST] converting material true interpolation Interpolation is the constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia] interpolation true peak height analysis A peak analysis that determines the peak height following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope] peak height analysis true peak width analysis A peak analysis that determines the peak width following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope] peak width analysis true totaling adding summing Totaling is the calculation of a sum or an integral. [Allotrope] totaling sorting Sorting is distributing flows based on some associated physical quality or entity into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope] sorting true removing material extracting material A spatial process of removing a material from a site. [Allotrope] removing material true delivering material importing material Delivering material is the importing of material to a location or site. [Allotrope] delivering material taking exporting material taking material Taking material is the exporting of material from a location or site. [Allotrope] taking true pumping Pumping is a material transport of fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope] pumping true data collection aggregating data collecting data data aggregation A data transformation that assigns some data to a collection. [Allotrope] data collection true ordering data Ordering data is the process of arranging data items systematically. [Allotrope] ordering data denoting Denoting is a process that assigns a symbol to an entity in order to reference it. [Allotrope] denoting true describing Describing is a process by which an account of some relevant characteristics, qualities or events of an entity are given or presented. [Allotrope] describing identifying Identifying is recognizing an entity by some criteria and assigning an identifier to the entity. [Allotrope] identifying true indexing Indexing is the process of organizing data according to a specific plan, usually to streamline data retrieval. [Allotrope] assigning a sequence of numbers to data items indexing reflection reflecting Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. [Wikipedia] reflection specular reflection regular reflection Specular reflection is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. In this process, each incident ray is reflected, with the reflected ray having the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray. [Wikipedia] specular reflection diffuse reflection Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface. [Wikipedia] diffuse reflection scattering Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. [Wikipedia] scattering deflecting deflection A deflection, in physics, refers to the change in an objects' acceleration as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a field. [Wikipedia] deflecting inhibiting Significantly restraining a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST] The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo. inhibiting preventing Keeping a flow from happening. [NIST] A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST] preventing true data transformation data processing 2019-09-09 Add alt label 'data processing'. [Allotrope] A converting process that converts the signals from one form into another by changing its content. [Allotrope] data transformation comparing comparison The observation or assessment of the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope] comparing assigning Assigning is the producing of an assignment that asserts some relation between entities. [Allotrope] assigning peak identification peak assigning peak assignment 2018-08-01 Changed label and definition Peak identification is an assigning of a peak to an analyte or portion of an analyte of interest. [Allotrope] peak identification true peak detection Peak detection is a data transformation that finds peaks in a data distribution function. [Allotrope] peak detection true activity An activity is a process that is cumulative but not homomeric. [Allotrope, DOLCE] Same as process in DOLCE. [Allotrope] activity containing Containing is the state of keeping an object in the inside of a cavity. [Allotrope] containing number density measurement A measuring that targets the number density. [Allotrope] number density measurement true cell density measurement Cell density measurement is a measurement of the number density of cells. [Allotrope] cell density measurement true cell counting Cell counting is the counting of cells. [Allotrope] cell counting sampling Sampling is the process of taking parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope] sampling sampling data Sampling data is sampling on a set of data items. [Allotrope] sampling data descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics is the process of using and analyzing descriptive statistics. A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia] descriptive statistics inferring inference Inferring is a process that produces logical consequences by steps of reasoning, moving from premises. [Wikipedia] inferring statistical inference Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying probability distribution. [Wikipedia] statistical inference marking labeling Marking is changing some quality of a material so that it concretizes a symbol. [Allotrope] marking a square on the board modifying a sample to be a marker marking dispersed state Dispersed state is a state of a system in which discrete particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. [Allotrope] dispersed state degradation Degradation is the state of changing in the qualities of a material under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals such as acids, alkalies and some salts to a lower level of quality. [Allotrope] degradation approving approval approval process Approving is agreeing to a proposition or accepting something as satisfactory towards an set objective. [Allotrope] approving deciding Deciding is making a choice from a set of alternatives. [Allotrope] deciding signing A signing is attaching a signature to an information content entity. The signature is an identifier for the agent doing the signing. [Allotrope] signing submitting submission Submitting is the transferring of a material or information from a sender (the submitter) to a receiver with the intent that the receiver acts on the transferred entity towards an objective stated by the submitter. [Allotrope] the submitting of a report for approval the submitting of a sample for analysis submitting summarizing Shortening a passage or a write-up without changing its meaning but by using different words and sentences. [Wikipedia] summarizing data reduction reducing data Data reduction is the transformation of numerical or alphabetical digital information derived empirically or experimentally into a corrected, ordered, and/or simplified form. [Wikipedia] data reduction data aggregation Data aggregation is a data reduction that applies an aggregating function on the data to produce an aggregated (summary) datum from a collection of data items. [Allotrope] averaging totaling a sum data aggregation averaging Averaging is the calculation of a mean statistic or a temporal average value. [Allotrope] averaging pre injection needle washing Post injection needle washing is an injection needle washing that is done before using the needle for an injection. [Allotrope] pre injection needle washing post injection needle washing Post injection needle washing is an injection needle washing that is done after using the needle for an injection. [Allotrope] post injection needle washing injection needle washing needle washing Injection needle washing is the washing of an injection needle. [Allotrope] injection needle washing detecting state detecting is detecting A detecting state is a state that occurs when a detector detects its detection target. [Allotrope] detecting state running state executing executing state is executing is running running A running state is a state during which a device or service performs its specified function in normal operation. [Allotrope] running state injecting injection Injecting is the forceful loading of a fluid into the interior of some other object. [Allotrope] injecting idle state idle is idle An idle state is a state during which a device or service waits for being started to execute a planned process. [Allotrope] idle state completed state completed is completed A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope] completed state paused state is paused paused A paused state is a state during which a device or service waits for being resumed to continue a planned process. [Allotrope] paused state aborted state aborted is aborted An aborted state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion in an abnormal way and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope] aborted state stopped state is stopped stopped A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to an end and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope] stopped state held state held is held A held state is a state during which a device or service waits for a longer time e.g. for maintenance. [Allotrope] held state process state A process state is a state where a device or service is executing a planned process or is in a specific configuration. [Allotrope] The subclasses follow the model of ISA-S88. [Allotrope] These classes are mainly used in procedure specifications or conditions. [Allotrope] process state diode array detector process DAD process A process executed by a diode array detector. [Allotrope] diode array detector process pump system process pumping system process A process executed by a pump system. [Allotrope] pump system process autosampler process A process executed by an autosampler. [Allotrope] autosampler process LC-UV system process A process that is executed by an LC-UV system. [Allotrope] LC-UV system process monitoring Monitoring is an observing of a quality important for the successful and/or safe operation of a controlled process. [Allotrope] monitoring time domain zero padding time domain zero filling zero filling zero padding Time domain zero padding is a data transformation used in Fourier transformation by padding the time domain with zero values. [Allotrope] time domain zero padding true gas chromatography injection GC injection GC sample introduction gas chromatography sample introduction Gas chromatography injection is the process of loading a sample into a gas chromatography system. [Allotrope] gas chromatography injection true splitless injection Splitless injection is a GC injection whereby the carrier gas sweeps the volatilized sample onto the GC column for a specified period of time before diverting the remaining sample to waste. [Allotrope] splitless injection true split injection Split injection is a GC injection whereby a fraction of the volatilized sample is swept onto the GC column with the remaining split/swept to waste. [Allotrope] split injection true packed injection Packed injection is a GC injection type whereby all of the volatilized sample is swept onto the GC column. [Allotrope] packed injection coated state being coated is coated 2020-06-18 Changed definition and subclassing. [Allotrope] Coated state is the covering state when a substance covers the surface of another substance firmly. [Allotrope] coated state sequential process sequence A sequential process is a composite process that has sequential subprocesses as occurrent parts. The starts of all subprocesses occur in sequential order. The ends of all subprocesses occur at the end of the sequential process at the latest. [Allotrope] sequential process sequential analysis process analysis sequence A sequential analysis process is a planned sequential process that has analytical subprocesses as sequential occurrent parts. [Allotrope] sequential analysis process linear calibration A linear calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to a linear function. [Allotrope] linear calibration exponential calibration power calibration An exponential calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to an exponential function. [Allotrope] exponential calibration polynomial calibration A polynomial calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to a polynomial function. [Allotrope] polynomial calibration time measurement duration measurement duration measuring time measuring A time measurement is a measurement of the duration of some process which is a quantification of the magnitude of the time region between the start and the end of the process in relation to some recurring process involving a clock. [Allotrope] time measurement calibration reference profile reference profile A calibration reference profile is a process profile with a known, repeatable temporal pattern, that is a reference for calibration of a time or rate measurement device. [Allotrope] calibration reference profile adjusting adjustment Adjusting is a process of slightly changing something with the purpose to achieve an agreement with a set of specifications. [Allotrope] adjusting true standard preparation standard processing A sample preparation process is a planned process that prepares a portion of material for being used in a calibration standard role. [Allotrope] standard preparation analyte calibration calibration Analyte calibration is producing a calibration curve from measurements of known amounts of analyte that will be used as measurement function for the measurement of unknown amounts of analytes. [Allotrope] analyte calibration This is not to be confused with calibration [AFP_0002389], which is the calibration of a measurement device. [Allotrope] ion selection mass analysis mass selection Ion selection is dividing ions according to their mass to charge ratio in a mass analyzer. [Allotrope] ion selection chemical reaction (molecular) chemical reaction reaction 2020-12-11 Changed labels. [Allotrope] A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical species. [IUPAC] chemical reaction (molecular) Chemical reactions may be elementary reactions or stepwise reactions. (It should be noted that this definition includes experimentally observable interconversions of conformers.) Detectable chemical reactions normally involve sets of molecular entities as indicated by this definition, but it is often conceptually convenient to use the term also for changes involving single molecular entities (i.e. 'microscopic chemical events'). [IUPAC] true ion reaction An ion reaction is a chemical reaction that has ion participants. [Allotrope] ion reaction LC-MS reaction monitoring data processing LC/MS reaction monitoring data processing LC-MS reaction monitoring data processing is a data processing for analyzing samples using MRM technologies. [Allotrope] LC-MS reaction monitoring data processing constant pressure mobile phase delivery Constant pressure mobile phase delivery is a mobile phase delivery process whereby the mobile phase is delivered by maintaining a constant pressure of the mobile phase. [Allotrope] constant pressure mobile phase delivery combining material material combination Combining material is a combing process that combines two or more materials in to a new material. [Allotrope] combining material interpolation (calibration) interpolation Interpolation is a calculation that calculates a calculated measure from a primary measure by applying a measurement function that is derived from a calibration curve. [Allotrope] interpolation (calibration) The measurement function of a calibration curve can be got by curve fitting a function to a set of calibration points. Applying the function at abscissa coordinates that are part of the discrete calibration points, can be interpreted as interpolation. [Allotrope] nebulizing Nebulizing is converting by of breaking up solutions and suspensions into small aerosol droplets. [Wikipedia] nebulizing background correction Background correction is a data transformation designed to remove irrelevant contributions from the measured signal, e.g. those due to instrument noise or sample preparation. [BAO] background correction data extraction Data extraction is a data transformation process whereby specific data is taken out of a larger set of data and presented in a usable format. [Allotrope] data extraction high performance liquid chromatography system process HPLC system process A high performance liquid chromatography system process is a process that is executed on a high performance liquid chromatography system. [Allotrope] high performance liquid chromatography system process The process is the technical implementation process on the HPLC system that implements the separation by HPLC. [Allotrope] true device process instrument process A device process is a planned process that realizes a function by a device or device system. [Allotrope] device process A device process focuses on an implementation perspective. repeated process repetition A repeated process is a composite process that has occurrent parts of subprocesses following the same plan. [Allotrope] repeated process true reporting Reporting is an information process that produces a report. [Allotrope] reporting project A project is a planned process that is undertaken or attempted to meet some requirement. [Allotrope] project experiment An experiment is a planned process that has the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. [SIO] experiment thermal event A thermal event is an event where a significant change of some material quality occurs at a temperature of that material or that of its environment. [Allotrope] thermal event true event An event is an occurrent that is an accomplishment or an achievement. [Allotrope] event precipitation titration A precipitation titration is a titration in which the analyte is precipitated by the titrant. [Allotrope] precipitation titration preventative maintenance Preventative maintenance is a proactive maintenance of a device involving inspection, testing and preemptive replacement of parts likely to fail before the preventative maintenance activity. [Allotrope] preventative maintenance titrant standardization Titrant standardization is the accurate and precise determination of the concentration of a titrant. [Allotrope] titrant standardization addition rate process profile addition rate profile An addition rate process profile is a rate process profile that is an occurrent part of an material addition process. [Allotrope] addition rate process profile volume process profile volume profile A volume process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some volume. [Allotrope] volume process profile adding (material) adding addition addition (material) material addition Adding is loading material into a container where it is combined with existing material. [Allotrope] adding (material) material flow rate process profile flow rate profile A material flow rate process profile is a rate process profile that is the change of amount of material being transferred through an area. [Allotrope] material flow rate process profile covered state is covered Covered state is a connected state where something is located on the surface of another thing and prevents some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope] covered state covering Covering is a joining process where the joining is on to the surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope] covering single quadrupole mass spectrometry SQDMS Single quadrupole mass spectrometry is a quadrupole mass spectrometry using a single quadrupole mass analyzer. [Allotrope] single quadrupole mass spectrometry constant flow rate mobile phase delivery Constant flow rate mobile phase delivery is a mobile phase delivery process whereby the mobile phase is delivered by maintaining a constant flow rate of the mobile phase. [Allotrope] constant flow rate mobile phase delivery overhead stirring Overhead stirring is stirring that is achieved by rotating a stirring rod with a paddle, anchor or propeller end by an overhead motor in a solution. [Allotrope] overhead stirring stirring rate process profile A stirring rate process profile is a cyclic rate process profile of the changing rotation speed of the stirrer in the liquid. [Allotrope] stirring rate process profile heat transfer coefficient process profile heat transfer coefficient profile A heat transfer coefficient process profile is a rate process profile of the ratio of the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Allotrope] heat transfer coefficient process profile angular velocity process profile angular velocity profile An angular velocity process profile is a quality process profile of how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia] angular velocity process profile area process profile area profile A volume process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some area. [Allotrope] area process profile heating or cooling rate process profile cooling rate process profile cooling rate profile heating (cooling) rate process profile heating (cooling) rate profile heating or cooling rate profile heating rate process profile heating rate profile A heating or cooling rate process profile is a rate process profile of the heating/cooling rate of an object. [Allotrope] heating or cooling rate process profile The temperature process profile tracks the temperature change. This tracks the change of the change in temperature (2nd derivative). approval state An approval state is a state where information content such as a specification is allowed or is suitable by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope] approval state is approved approved approved state Is approved is an approval state where information content such as a specification is approved by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope] is approved is denied denied denied state Is denied is an approval state where information content such as a specification is denied by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope] is denied BET analysis A BET analysis is a measuring process for calculating surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory of multiple adsorption layers. [Allotrope] BET analysis nephelometry Nephelometry is a measuring of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid usually by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam. [Allotrope] nephelometry differential scanning calorimetry cycle DSC cycle cycle for DSC A cycle in differential scanning calorimetry is a segment of the calorimetry run with its own specific heating ramp. [Allotrope] differential scanning calorimetry cycle hygroscopy Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment. [Wikipedia] hygroscopy dynamic vapor sorption DVS Dynamic vapor sorption is a gravimetric technique that measures how quickly and how much of a solvent is absorbed by a sample. It does this by varying the vapor concentration surrounding the sample and measuring the change in mass which this produces. [Wikipedia] dynamic vapor sorption electrolytic conductivity measurement electrolytic conductivity detection An electrolytic conductivity measurement is a measurement of the electrolytic conductivity of a material. [Allotrope] electrolytic conductivity measurement quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy qNMR Quantitative NMR spectroscopy is an analytic assay that applies nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantity analysis. [Allotrope] quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR real-time PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a quantitative analytical assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR. [Allotrope] quantitative polymerase chain reaction PAC, 1997, 69, 1251. (Glossary of terms used in bioinorganic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)) polymerase chain reaction PCR Polymerase chain reaction is a synthesis to rapidly amplify pre-determined regions of double-stranded DNA. Generally involves the use of a heat-stable DNA polymerase. [IUPAC] polymerase chain reaction dyeing coloring Dyeing is the changing of the color of some material. [Allotrope] dyeing baseline determination Baseline determination is a data transformation that calculates or assigns a baseline to a curve. [Allotrope] baseline determination imaging Imaging is a process that produces an image of something. [Allotrope] imaging standard curve qPCR experiment standard curve standard curve experiment A standard curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that measures prepared samples and standards to determine absolute DNA target quantity in samples. [Allotrope] standard curve qPCR experiment relative standard curve qPCR experiment relative standard curve relative standard curve experiment A relative standard curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that measures relative quantity by comparison of diluted samples and known target DNA. [Allotrope] relative standard curve qPCR experiment comparative CT qPCR experiment comparative CT experiment comparative cycle threshold qPCR experiment ∆∆CT A comparative CT experiment is an experiment using qPCR that determines relative target quantity in samples. Samples are compared to a normalized target quantity to determine relative quantity of the sample. [Allotrope] comparative CT qPCR experiment comparative CT melt curve qPCR experiment melt curve melt curve experiment A melt curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies non-specific PCR amplification by evaluating the melting temperature of the DNA target. [Allotrope] melt curve qPCR experiment genotyping qPCR experiment genotyping genotyping experiment A genotyping qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies known mutations in a DNA Sample. DNA primers are used to target and identify specific alleles in a sample. [Allotrope] genotyping qPCR experiment presence/absence qPCR experiment presence/absence presence/absence experiment A presence/absence qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies if DNA targets are present in samples. [Allotrope] presence/absence qPCR experiment powder tap density A bulk density obtained by mechanically tapping a cylinder containing the powder sample until no more change in volume occurs. [NCI] powder tap density powder bulk density A bulk density for untapped powder sample. [Allotrope] powder bulk density qPCR experiment A qPCR experiment is a PCR experiment that uses qPCR to achieve its goals. [Allotrope] qPCR experiment evacuating (chem) evacuating Evacuating is the removing of gasses from a container to create a vacuum. [Allotrope] evacuating (chem) near infrared transmission spectroscopy NIR NIR spectrometry NIR spectrophotometry NIR spectroscopy NIR transmission spectrometry NIR transmission spectroscopy near infra-red spectrometry near infra-red spectrophotometry near infra-red transmission spectrometry near infra-red transmission spectroscopy near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy near infrared spectrometry near infrared spectrophotometry near infrared spectroscopy near infrared transmission spectrometry Near infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of near infrared radiation (0.8-2 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO] near infrared transmission spectroscopy focused beam reflectance measurement FBRM fbrm Focused beam reflectance measurement is a measuring process using a focused laser beam at a fixed speed of rotation to calculate particle chord lengths via detection of the backscattered light pulses. [Allotrope] focused beam reflectance measurement fast protein liquid chromatography FPLC Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a liquid chromatography that is used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. [Wikipedia] fast protein liquid chromatography heat flow process profile A heat flow process profile is a rate process profile that is the change in heat flow through a material entity. [Allotrope] heat flow process profile mass process profile mass profile A mass process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some mass. [Allotrope] mass process profile concentration process profile concentration profile A concentration process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some concentration. [Allotrope] concentration process profile pH process profile pH profile A pH process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some pH. [Allotrope] pH process profile configuration process profile A configuration process profile is a quality process profile that tracks the configuration of a system or device. [Allotrope] configuration process profile shaking Shaking is a mixing process involving short rapid motions of the material inside a container. [Allotrope] shaking luminescence process profile luminescence profile A luminescence process profile is a profile that quantifies the luminescence of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] luminescence process profile area scanning Area scanning is scanning at positions defined by a two-dimensional pattern over an area. [Allotrope] area scanning read A read is a process boundary within a measuring where a data about the measured object is captured. [Allotrope] A read at regular time intervals during the measurement of a process profile. [Allotrope] Multiple reads for statistics and error corrections. [Allotrope] read disintegrated state disintegrated Disintegrated state is a state of an object when its has turned into an aggregate of small, separated pieces. [Allotrope] disintegrated state disintegrating disintegration Disintegrating is a break a material into small, separate parts. [Allotrope] disintegrating disconnecting Disconnecting is a branching process that removes the connection between parts of a flow so that they become topologically separate. [Allotrope] disconnecting charge deconvolution Charge deconvolution is a data transformation of a spectrum representing multiply charged ions to singly charged or neutral masses. [Allotrope] charge deconvolution polarity control polarity adjustment polarity adjustment process Polarity control is a changing process that changes the polarity of some material. [Allotrope] polarity control flowing flow flowing process flowing state Flowing is the state of moving along a steady continuous stream. [Allotrope] flow of ions in a TOF detector flow of water through pipes flowing sample introduction A sample introduction is a loading of some sample into a system. [Allotrope] sample introduction code scanning Code scanning is the transformation of data in the representation form of visual machine-readable codes to another form. [Allotrope] code scanning carrying state carrying Carrying is a state where a material entity, the carrier, supports the state of moving or keeping in place of another material or information. [Allotrope] carrying state changing quality state altering altering (state) altering quality change being unsteady changing changing (state) unstable (state) unstable quality state unsteady (state) unsteady quality state A changing quality state is a state where a material's quality is changing continuously. [Allotrope] changing quality state constant quality state being stable being steady remaining unchanged stable (state) stable quality state steady (state) steady quality state unchanging (state) unchanging quality state A constant quality state is a quality state where the quality does not change. [Allotrope] being red being solid constant quality state true constant quality process profile A constant quality process profile is a quality process profile where the tracked quality does not change. [Allotrope] A solid material has a constant state of matter quality profile when it does not melt or sublimate. [Allotrope] An assertion about a constant quality process profile is done by measuring the process profile and thereby also effected by the observer. Whether a quality changes is determined by the granularity of the quality. constant quality process profile true increasing quality process profile An increasing quality process profile is a quality process profile where the tracked determinate quality is continuously increasing in magnitude. [Allotrope] increasing quality process profile true decreasing quality process profile An decreasing quality process profile is a quality process profile where the tracked determinate quality is continuously decreasing in magnitude. [Allotrope] decreasing quality process profile changing quality process profile altering quality process profile A changing quality process profile is a quality process profile where the tracked quality changes over time. [Allotrope] changing quality process profile proper changing quality process profile A proper changing quality process profile is a changing process profile where the tracked quality at the start of the process is different from the tracked quality at the end of the process. [Allotrope] Disjoint with a constant quality process profile that tracks the same quality. [Allotrope] proper changing quality process profile state of matter state A changing state of matter is a quality state that is expressed by the state of matter of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope] state of matter state mereotopological state A mereotopological state is a state that is expressed by the mereotopological connectedness or parthood of participants in the state. [Allotrope] mereotopological state quality state A quality state is a state that is expressed by a quality of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope] quality state spatial state A spatial state is a state that is expressed by a spatial location or orientation of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope] spatial state gel transition becoming a gel gel forming A gel transition is a state of matter state where some material transitions into a gel. [Allotrope] gel transition true dielectric polarization measurement dielectric polarization sensing measurement of dielectric polarization sensing of dielectric polarization A dielectric polarization measurement is a measuring of the difference between the electric displacement vector and the product of the electric field strength with the permittivity of vacuum. [IUPAC] dielectric polarization measurement abrading Abrading is a material process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away. [Wikipedia] abrading heat sealing Heat sealing is the process of sealing one thermoplastic to another thermoplastic using heat and pressure. [Wikipedia] heat sealing gripping Gripping is a guiding process by applying friction or pressure to prevent movement. [Allotrope] gripping nitrogen-phosphorus detection NPD nitrogen phosphorus detection nitrogen phosphorus measurement nitrogen phosphorus process nitrogen-phosphorus measurement nitrogen-phosphorus process A detection method that is sensitive to compounds containing N and P. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air in the presence of a small, heated bead of an alkali salt such as Rb2SO4. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO] nitrogen-phosphorus detection nitrogen chemiluminescence detection NCD nitrogen chemiluminescence measurement nitrogen chemiluminescence process The detection of luminescence emitted from nitrogen in a sample as a result of a chemical reaction. [CHMO] nitrogen chemiluminescence detection sulfur chemiluminescence detection SCD sulfur chemiluminescence measurement sulfur chemiluminescence process The detection of luminescence emitted from sulfur in a sample as a result of a chemical reaction. [Allotrope] sulfur chemiluminescence detection flame photometric detection FPD flame photometric measurement flame photometric process A detection method that is sensitive to sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with oxygen or air and ignited. Any chemiluminescence due to these compounds is then detected. [CHMO] flame photometric detection evaporative light scattering detection ELSD evaporative light scattering measurement evaporative light scattering process A detection method where a liquid containing the sample is atomized in a gas, forming small droplets which are allowed to evaporate leaving the sample as fine particles. The suspended particles pass through a light beam and the scattered light transmitted by the particles is sensed by a photodiode or photomultiplier tube. The response can be quantitative and relative to the amount of molecules eluting. [Allotrope, CHMO] evaporative light scattering detection dispensing dispension Dispensing is giving out material in discrete portions. [Allotrope] dispensing IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). denaturing Denaturing is the process of partial or total alteration of the native structure of a macromolecule resulting from the loss of tertiary or tertiary and secondary structure that is a consequence of the disruption of stabilizing weak bonds. [IUPAC] denaturing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C20614 primer extension Primer extension is a method to synthesize cDNA for determining the 5'-untranslated region of a specific mRNA molecule through reverse transcription reaction using complementary oligonucleotides as primers. [NCI] primer extension PCR experiment A PCR experiment is an experiment that uses PCR to achieve its goals. [Allotrope] PCR experiment multi analyte profiling A multi analyte profiling is a biological measurement method to quantify multiple analytes from a sample using beads coated with antibodies or primers targeted at specific analytes. After conjugation of the captured analyte to the bead, the beads are differentiated by their size and their spectral signature, allowing quantitation of analyte concentration in the sample. [Allotrope, NCI] multi analyte profiling solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy solution-state NMR solution-state NMR spectroscopy A solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy where the response of nuclei with non-zero spin, in a sample dissolved in a deuterated solvent, to a perturbing magnetic field is detected. Each experiment consists of a sequence of radio frequency pulses with delay periods in between them. [CHMO] solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy J-coupling A J-coupling is a coupling between two nuclei spins, mediated through chemical bonds. [Allotrope] J-coupling fluorescence process profile fluorescence profile A fluorescence process profile is a profile that quantifies the fluorescence of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] fluorescence process profile absorbance process profile absorbance profile An absorbance process profile is a profile that quantifies the absorbance of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] absorbance process profile binding affinity assay A binding affinity assay is a biological measurement method examining the binding of ligand molecules to some medium. [Allotrope] binding affinity assay flow cytometry Flow cytometry is a measuring of the optical properties of particles suspended in fluid and passed one at a time through a set of detectors. [Allotrope] flow cytometry laser desorption ionization LDI A laser desorption ionization is a ionization involving the use of a pulsed laser to induce desorption and ionization of a sample. [Allotrope] laser desorption ionization matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MALDI matrix assisted laser desorption ionization A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization is a laser desorption ionization using a laser energy absorbing matrix compound mixed with the sample. [Allotrope] matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 fragmentation A fragmentation is an ion reaction in which the breakdown of a radical ion forms an ion of lower molar mass and a radical. [IUPAC] fragmentation true ratio factor fraction proportion relative amount A ratio is a relational quality that is the proportion of the magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope] ratio true chromatography column length (quality) chromatography column length 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] The length of a chromatography column bed. [Allotrope] chromatography column length (quality) true column inner diameter (quality) column inner diameter dc inner diameter 2020-06-22 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope] Column inner diameter is the inner diameter of a column. [Allotrope] column inner diameter (quality) true inner diameter (quality) inner diameter 2020-06-22 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] The inner diameter is the diameter at the inside. [Allotrope] opening of the soller slit inner diameter (quality) true Orange Book: IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987. PAC, 1993, 65, 819. Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993) relative retention time (quality) relative retention relative retention time Relative retention time is a ratio quality of the adjusted or net retention time of a component relative to that of a standard, obtained under identical conditions. [Allotrope] relative retention time (quality) true cylinder length (quality) cylinder length 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] Quality of a material entity of cylindrical or tubular shape which describes its length along its main (non-circular) dimension. [Allotrope] cylinder length (quality) true particle size (quality) granularity (material) particle size 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] 2020-12-07 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] Quality of an independent continuant which describes the dimensions of an individual particle. [Allotrope] particle size (quality) detection wavelength A detection wavelength quality is a device setting which determines the wavelength range that a detector of electromagnetic radiation detects. [Allotrope] detection wavelength distance A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. [PATO] distance system configuration configuration device configuration device setting setting system setting 2018-12-05 Changed pref label [Allotrope] 2020-03-24 Generalized configuration quality to include systems. [Allotrope] A configuration is a range of determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in some part of a device or system that influence participants in some of the functions of the device or system including the device or system itself. [Allotrope] detector wavelength is a device configuration of a specific detector assembly, e.g. optical filters or of a controller in the detector to detect certain ranges of wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum system configuration heat rate Quality of a bearer which describes the bearer's efficiency in terms of useful output energy. [Allotrope] heat rate linear velocity (quality) linear velocity 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] Quality of velocity inhering in a bearer which is traveling in a straight line, meaning its direction is not changing. [Allotrope] linear velocity (quality) torque (quality) torque 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its rotational force. [Allotrope] torque (quality) voltage (quality) voltage 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A quality which inheres in an independent continuant which has a difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia] voltage (quality) electric current (quality) current current (quality) electric current 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] 2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to conduct an electrical charge. [Allotrope] electric current (quality) thermal quality A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its material properties pertaining to temperature. [Allotrope] thermal quality thermal conductivity (quality) thermal conductivity A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. [Wikipedia] thermal conductivity (quality) heat capacity (quality) heat capacity thermal capacity 2020-03-23 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] Heat capacity is a thermal quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its resistance or ability to change its temperature based on a change to the heat added or removed from said object (ratio of head added or removed from an object to the resulting temperature change). [Wikipedia] heat capacity (quality) radiative emissivity A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its emissivity, which is defined as a material's effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation. [Wikipedia] radiative emissivity true PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) absorbance (quality) absorbance Absorbance is the logarithm of the ratio of intensities of electromagnetic radiation on both sides of a medium that the radiation passes through. Lambert-Beer's law states that absorbance is equal to the product of molar coefficient of absorbance of an absorbing compound in a medium times its concentration in the medium times path length of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the medium. [Allotrope] absorbance (quality) focal length focal distance A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how strongly the bearer converges or diverges light. [Wikipedia] focal length PAC, 2007, 79, 293 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)) reflectance (quality) reflectance factor reflectivity Reflectance is an optical quality that is the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC] reflectance (quality) electrical and magnetic quality electromagnetic radiation quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [Wikipedia] electrical and magnetic quality PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric resistance (quality) electric resistance resistance resistance (quality) 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] 2020-01-23 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope] Electric resistance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in the conductor. [IUPAC] electric resistance (quality) Quality of a object or substance with the property of resisting opposing the flow of an electrical current. [NCI] true state of matter material state A state of matter is a quality of material that is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known to exist only in extreme situations, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, neutron-degenerate matter, and quark-gluon plasma, which only occur in situations of extreme cold, extreme density, and extremely high-energy color-charged matter respectively. [Wikipedia] state of matter true solid solid state of matter A state of matter, in which particles are closely packed together. The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by force, as when broken or cut. [Wikipedia] solid true liquid liquid state of matter A state of matter that is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. [Wikipedia] liquid true gas gaseous gaseous state of matter A state of matter that is a compressible fluid. Not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero for an ideal gas), and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size. A gas has no definite shape or volume, but occupies the entire container in which it is confined. [Wikipedia] gas true plasma plasma state of matter A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its plasma is a state of matter, that is, it does not have definite shape or volume. Unlike gases, plasmas are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. Positively charged nuclei swim in a "sea" of freely-moving disassociated electrons, similar to the way such charges exist in conductive metal. [Wikipedia] plasma true shear modulus (quality) shear modulus 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Shear modulus is a ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. It is a quantity for measuring the stiffness of materials. The shear modulus is concerned with the deformation of a material. [Wikipedia] shear modulus (quality) true shear modulus of zero magnitude zero shear modulus A zero shear modulus is a determinate shear modulus with zero magnitude. [Allotrope] shear modulus of zero magnitude true supercritical fluid supercritical fluid state of matter A gaseous state of matter in which temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. [Wikipedia] supercritical fluid true gel (quality) gel gel state of matter A gel is a solid state of matter of jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. [Wikipedia] gel (quality) true particle size above one micrometer 2020-12-07 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A particle size above one micrometer is a determinate quality of particle size that has a determinate magnitude of greater that one micrometer. Magnitude of particle size can be measured in different ways such as based on diameter of spherical objects. [Allotrope] particle size above one micrometer true exact mass Exact mass is a quality of mass of an isotopic species that is obtained by summing the masses of the individual isotopes of the molecule. [Wikipedia] exact mass fugacity Thermodynamic property of a real gas that, if substituted for the pressure or partial pressure in the equations for an ideal gas, gives equations applicable to the real gas. [Wikipedia] fugacity acoustic quality Property that inheres in an independent continuant having to do with sound or hearing. [NCI] acoustic quality frequency response Frequency response is the quantitative measure of the output spectrum of a system or device in response to a stimulus, and is used to characterize the dynamics of the system. It is a measure of magnitude and phase of the output as a function of frequency, in comparison to the input. [Wikipedia] frequency response audible device noise An unintended or unpleasant sound that emanates from a device. [NCI] audible device noise polarization A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the geometrical orientation of the oscillations of a transverse wave. [Allotrope] polarization true D. Schulze: Powders and Bulk Solids, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2008). flowability Flowability is the quality of material to move by flow. [Allotrope] flowability friction (quality) friction 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Friction is a quality of an object which is resisting the force the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements produce when sliding against each other. [Wikipedia] friction (quality) ionization polarity Ionization polarity is a device configuration of a ionization source whether the ions charge is negative or positive. [Allotrope] ionization polarity negative ionization polarity negative polarity Polarity of the ionization is negative. [Allotrope] negative ionization polarity positive ionization polarity positive polarity Polarity of the ionization is positive. [Allotrope] positive ionization polarity alternating ionization polarity alternating polarity Polarity of the ionization is alternating between positive and negative. [Allotrope] alternating ionization polarity amount of substance (quality) amount of substance 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Amount of substance is a quality inhered in a portion of material that is a size that is proportional to the number of elementary entities present. [Allotrope] amount of substance (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "mass concentration". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03713 mass concentration (quality) mass concentration 2018-12-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Mass concentration is a concentration that is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC] mass concentration (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. molar concentration (quality) amount concentration amount concentration (quality) amount of substance concentration molar concentration molarity molarity (quality) substance concentration substance concentration (quality) 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2020-05-11 Changed pref label to molar concentration. [Allotrope] 2020-06-18 Added alt labels. [Allotrope] Molar concentration is the ratio of molar amount of a substance divided by volume of mixture containing the amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar concentration (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) volume fraction (quality) volume fraction 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] The volume fraction is a fraction pertaining the volume of a constituent divided by the total volume of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] volume fraction (quality) PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) hold-up volume (quality) dead volume hold-up volume The hold-up volume is the volume of the mobile phase required to elute a component the concentration of which in the stationary phase is negligible compared to that in the mobile phase. In other words, this component is not retained at all by the stationary phase. Thus, the hold-up volume is equal to the retention volume of an unretained compound. [IUPAC] hold-up volume (quality) PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) retention volume (quality) retention volume Retention volume is the volume of the mobile phase required to elute a component the concentration of which in the stationary phase is negligible compared to that in the mobile phase. In other words, this component is not retained at all by the stationary phase. Thus, the hold-up volume is equal to the retention volume of an unretained compound. The hold-up volume includes any volumes contributed by the sample injector, the detector, and connectors. In gas chromatography this term is also called the gas hold-up volume. The corrected gas hold-up volume is the gas hold-up volume multiplied by the compression (compressibility) correction factor. [IUPAC] retention volume (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. fraction (quality) fraction 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] A fraction is the ratio of one constitutent (part) to all constituents of a mixture. [Allotrope] fraction (quality) Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) mass fraction (quality) mass fraction 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] The mass fraction is a fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] mass fraction (quality) Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) amount fraction (quality) amount fraction mole fraction mole fraction (quality) 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] The amount fraction is the ratio of the amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] amount fraction (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. volume concentration (quality) volume concentration 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Volume concentration is a concentration that is defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] volume concentration (quality) true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) number concentration (quality) number concentration 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Number concentration is a concentration defined by number of entities of a constituent in a mixture divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC] number concentration (quality) dilution ratio The dilution ratio is the ratio of solute to solvent. [Wikipedia] dilution ratio dilution factor (quality) DF dilution factor Dilution factor is the ratio of the aliquot volume to the final volume. [Wikipedia] dilution factor (quality) amount (quality) amount count size 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The amount is the quality of a whole that is the number of entities that are part of the whole. [Allotrope] amount (quality) number density Number density is a quality of the amount of countable objects per units size. [Allotrope] number density cell density Cell density is the number density of a population of cells. [Allotrope] cell density viable cell density (quality) viable cell density Viable cell density is the cell density of the partition of viable cells. [Allotrope] viable cell density (quality) total cell density (quality) total cell density Total cell density is the cell density of the total partition of cells. [Allotrope] total cell density (quality) true cell count amount of cells Cell count is the amount of cells within a whole. [Allotrope] cell count viable cell count (quality) viable cell count Viable cell count is the cell count of the partition of viable cells. [Allotrope] viable cell count (quality) total cell count (quality) total cell count Total cell count is the cell count over a mereological sum of a partitioned aggregate of cells. [Allotrope] total cell count (quality) dead cell count (quality) dead cell count Dead cell count is the cell count of the partition of dead cells. [Allotrope] dead cell count (quality) true cell counter configuration cell counter setting A cell counter configuration is a device configuration of a cell counter device. [Allotrope] cell counter configuration true cell diameter A cell diameter is the diameter of a cell. [Allotrope] cell diameter pO2 (quality) partial pressure of oxygen 2023-12-06 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] pO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope] pO2 (quality) pCO2 (quality) partial pressure of carbon dioxide 2023-12-06 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] pCO2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope] pCO2 (quality) electronic absorbance detection wavelength The electronic absorbance detection wavelength is the detection wavelength setting of an electronic absorbance detector. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance detection wavelength detection bandwidth Detection bandwidth is a device setting of a detector controlling the bandwidth of the detection wavelength. [Allotrope] detection bandwidth detector configuration detector setting A detector configuration is a device configuration of a detector. [Allotrope] detector configuration signal configuration signal setting A signal configuration is a device configuration of a device producing or consuming signals, that controls the processing of a signal. [Allotrope] signal configuration signal gain configuration amplification amplification configuration amplification setting gain gain configuration gain setting signal amplification setting signal gain setting A gain setting is a signal configuration, that controls the amplification of an incoming or outgoing signal. [Allotrope] signal gain configuration signal offset configuration signal offset setting A signal offset configuration is a signal processing configuration, that adds/subtracts a fixed amount of magnitude to the signal strength or amplitude to move the zero reference. [Allotrope] signal offset configuration true temperature configuration temperature setting 2018-12-10 Changed alt label to temperature setting. [Allotrope] 2018-12-10 Changed definition to include alerting [Allotrope] 2018-12-10 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] 2019-07-01 Added relation to the temperature being controlled or observed. [Allotrope] A temperature configuration is a device configuration of a temperature controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target temperature at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] An oven thermostat has a temperature configuration that controls the heating. temperature configuration controller configuration control setting controller setting A controller configuration is a device configuration of a controller, that directly influences the controlling process done by the controller towards a goal. [Allotrope] controller configuration trigger configuration trigger setting A trigger configuration is a device configuration for a system with a sensor and an actor component, that directly influences when the sensor sends an activating signal to the actor based on an observation. [Allotrope] trigger configuration notification configuration alert configuration alert setting notification setting signaling configuration signaling setting A notification setting is a trigger setting in a system that has a notification component, that controls when the component send out a notification signal. [Allotrope] A pressure sensor measures the pressure of the liquid in the plumbing an if the notification setting on the pressure is above a maximum, it triggers the notification of a signaling device, such as a warning lamp. notification configuration Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. PAC, 1994, 66, 533 (Standard quantities in chemical thermodynamics. Fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) partial pressure (quality) partial pressure Partial pressure is the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Wikipedia] partial pressure (quality) purity (quality) purity Purity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer lacking undesired components. [Allotrope] It is generally quantified by the sum of the mass fractions of the impurities subtracted from a theoretically pure value of 100%. purity (quality) mechanical quality mechanics quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer behaves when subjected to forces or displacements and the effect of their bodies on their environment. [Wikipedia] mechanical quality strain (quality) deformation strain 2021-12-01 Changed prefLabel. [Allotrope] Strain is a quality of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length. [Wikipedia] A general deformation of a body can be expressed in the form x = F(X) where X is the reference position of material points in the body. strain (quality) shear stress (quality) shear stress τ 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A shearing force is applied to the top of the rectangle while the bottom is held in place. The resulting shear stress deforms the rectangle into a parallelogram. The area involved would be the top of the parallelogram. A shear stress is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. [Wikipedia] shear stress (quality) normal strain A normal strain is strain perpendicular to the face of an element. [Wikipedia] normal strain shear strain A shear strain is parallel to the face of an element. [Wikipedia] shear strain total impurities total mass of impurities Total impurities is a composition quality that is the sum of the mass of all impurities in a material. [Allotrope] total impurities stereochemical purity A purity quality of a material with respect to its stereoisomers. [Allotrope] stereochemical purity diastereomeric excess The absolute value of the mole fraction for one diastereomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other. [CHMO] diastereomeric excess doi:10.1359/goldbook.D01681 diastereomeric ratio The ratio of the percentage of one diastereomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO] diastereomeric ratio enantiomeric ratio The ratio of the percentage of one enantiomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO] enantiomeric ratio doi:10.1359/goldbook.E02070 enantiomeric excess The absolute value of the mole fraction for one enantiomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other enantiomer. [CHMO] enantiomeric excess excess difference An excess is a relational quality that is the difference in magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope] excess impurity (quality) impurity Impurity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer having undesired components. [Allotrope] impurity (quality) stereochemical composition Stereochemical composition is a composition quality based on the stereochemistry of its components. [Allotrope] stereochemical composition dilution composition A dilution composition is a composition quality of a dilution. [Allotrope] dilution composition reaction composition Reaction composition is a composition quality of a reaction mixture. [Allotrope] reaction composition conversion (quality) conversion Conversion is a reaction composition quality dependent on the fraction of reactant remaining. [Allotrope] conversion (quality) yield (quality) percentage yield yield Reaction yield is a reaction composition quality expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass of the product given the masses of the reactants. [CHMO, Allotrope] Often there is an assumption that the product and starting materials have the same relative response in the analytical method being used. yield (quality) reaction selectivity selectivity Reaction selectivity is a reaction composition that is expressed as the number of moles of desired product per the number of moles of undesired product. [Wikipedia] reaction selectivity membership Membership is the relational quality between a group or organization and its members. [Allotrope] This is the structural aspect of membership. There is also a temporal aspect of being member of (membership state). membership plumbing configuration plumbing setting A plumbing configuration is a device configuration of a plumbing system or plumbing equipment. [Allotrope] plumbing configuration injection device configuration injection configuration injection device setting injection setting injector setting An injection device configuration is a device configuration of an injection device or its components. [Allotrope] injection device configuration wavenumber (quality) wavenumber Wavenumber is a physical quality that inheres in a wave by virtue of the number of wave patterns per unit length along the direction of propagation. It is reciprocal to wavelength. [Allotrope] 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope] wavenumber (quality) Raman spectrometer configuration Raman spectrometer setting Raman spectrometer configuration is a device configuration of a Raman spectrometer. [Allotrope] Raman spectrometer configuration International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012 resolution (quality) resolution Resolution is the quality of a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) to be able to measure the smallest change in a qualities that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope] resolution (quality) true melting point melt temperature melting temperature The melting point is the temperature where a material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase. [Allotrope] melting point true flow rate configuration 2019-07-01 Added relation to the flow rate being controlled. [Allotrope] A flow rate configuration is a device configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the flow rate at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] flow rate configuration true concentration ratio configuration concentration ratio setting 2019-07-01 Added relation to the ratio being controlled or observed. [Allotrope] A concentration ratio configuration is a device configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the concentration ratio of a mixture at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] concentration ratio configuration true volume configuration volume setting 2019-07-01 Added relation to the volume being controlled or observed. [Allotrope] A volume configuration is a device configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the volume of some material at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] volume configuration polarity (quality) polarity Polarity is the quality inhered in an energy that is the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical, or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope, NCI] 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic, electro magnetic or radiation. [Allotrope] polarity (quality) polarity configuration polarity setting 2019-07-01 Added relation to the polarity being controlled or observed. [Allotrope] Polarity configuration is a device configuration that sets a specific detector or sensor response to be positive or negative to a reference state. [Allotrope] polarity configuration pore size The average radius of the pores within the solid particles. [Allotrope] pore size fused core A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being only capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices in outer layer of the solid and not its solid impermeable core. [Allotrope] fused core bonded phase A bonded phase is the structure quality of a material that is covalently bonded to a substrate. [Allotrope] bonded phase chemical substance quality A chemical substance quality is a quality that inheres in some portion of chemical substance. [Allotrope] chemical substance quality molecular entity quality molecular quality A molecular quality is a chemical quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. [Allotrope] molecular entity quality energy (quality) energy Energy (quality) is the amount of energy that a material entity contains. [Allotrope] energy (quality) Energy is in BFO considered a material entity. mass spectrometry system configuration A mass spectrometry system configuration is a device configuration of a mass spectrometry system, that influences the operation of the system. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry system configuration molecular mass (molecular quality) atomic mass 2020-03-16 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2020-03-16 Subclassed under pato:mass. [Allotrope] Molecular mass is a molecular quality inhered in a molecular entity that expresses its mass relative to 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest. [Allotrope] molecular mass (molecular quality) mass-to-charge ratio (molecular quality) m/z m/z (molecular quality) m/z ratio mass-to-charge ratio Mass-to-charge ratio is a molecular quality that expresses the ratio of the molecular mass to the charge number of a molecular entity. [Allotrope] mass-to-charge ratio (molecular quality) This quality is itself a ratio of relative qualities, the molecular mass is relative to the unified atomic mass unit and the electric charge to the elementary charge. [Allotrope] molecular formula (molecular quality) molecular formula A molecular formula is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by the relative amount of component atoms. [Allotrope] molecular formula (molecular quality) IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979. Compiled by J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, A. M. Ure. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 electron energy Electron energy is the translational energy that electrons acquire when accelerated in an electric field. [IUPAC] electron energy isotopic distribution (molecular quality) isotopic distribution Isotopic distribution is a molecular quality inhered in a molecule by the distribution of different isotopes in the molecule. [Allotrope] isotopic distribution (molecular quality) PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric resistivity (quality) electric resistivity resistivity resistivity (quality) Electric resistivity is the quality of the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC] electric resistivity (quality) PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric conductance (quality) conductance conductance (quality) electric conductance Electric conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of a the electric resistance. [IUPAC] electric conductance (quality) cell path length (quality) cell path length path length path length (quality) The cell path length is the length of the radiation path through the absorbing medium in a single-pass cell. [IUPAC] cell path length (quality) enthalpy (quality) enthalpy Enthalpy (quality) is the quality of a system that is the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC] enthalpy (quality) specific heat capacity (quality) specific heat capacity A specific heat capacity (quality) is a heat capacity of a pure substance by virtue of the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature per amount of mass. [Allotrope] specific heat capacity (quality) electric charge (quality) charge electric charge Electric charge is the electrical quality of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. [Wikipedia] electric charge (quality) PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2212 saturation vapor pressure (quality) saturation vapor pressure The pressure exerted by a pure substance (at a given temperature) in a system containing only the vapor and condensed phase (liquid or solid) of the substance. [IUPAC] saturation vapor pressure (quality) evacuation rate (quality) An evacuation rate is a flow rate indicating the rate at which gas is removed from a chamber. [Allotrope] evacuation rate (quality) measurement chamber free space volume (quality) free space measurement chamber free space measurement chamber free space (quality) measurement chamber free space volume A measurement chamber free space volume (quality) is the volume within a sample measurement chamber that is not occupied by the sample. [Allotrope] measurement chamber free space volume (quality) hygroscopicity Hygroscopicity is a quality inhered in a compound by virtue of its ability to readily take up and retain water, especially from the atmosphere. [Wikipedia] hygroscopicity enthalpy of fusion (quality) enthalpy of fusion enthalpy of melting enthalpy of melting (quality) heat of fusion latent heat of fusion The enthalpy of fusion is a quality inhered in of a solid substance that is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of fusion (quality) enthalpy of vaporization (quality) enthalpy of vaporization heat of evaporation heat of vaporization latent heat of vaporization The enthalpy of vaporization is a quality inhered in a liquid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of vaporization (quality) specific enthalpy of vaporization (quality) specific heat of evaporation specific heat of vaporization specific latent heat of vaporization The specific enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of vaporization (quality) molar enthalpy of vaporization (quality) molar enthalpy of vaporization molar heat of evaporation molar heat of vaporization molar latent heat of vaporization The molar enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of vaporization (quality) molar enthalpy of fusion (quality) molar enthalpy of fusion molar enthalpy of melting molar enthalpy of melting (quality) molar heat of fusion molar latent heat of fusion The molar enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of fusion (quality) specific enthalpy of fusion (quality) specific enthalpy of fusion specific enthalpy of melting specific enthalpy of melting (quality) specific heat of melting specific latent heat of melting The specific enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of fusion (quality) enthalpy of sublimation (quality) enthalpy of sublimation heat of sublimation The enthalpy of sublimation is a quality inhered in a solid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of sublimation (quality) specific enthalpy of sublimation (quality) specific enthalpy of sublimation specific heat of sublimation The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of sublimation (quality) molar enthalpy of sublimation (quality) molar enthalpy of sublimation molar heat of sublimation The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of sublimation (quality) IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. IUPAC, Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, The Purple Book, 1st ed., p. 66 turbidity (quality) turbidity Turbidity is an optical quality that is the apparent absorbance of the incident radiation due to scattering. For small particles, direct proportionality exists between turbidity and the Rayleigh ratio. [IUPAC] turbidity (quality) count fraction (quality) The count fraction is a quality pertaining the number of particles of a constituent divided by the total number of particles of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] count fraction (quality) refractive index (quality) The refractive index is an optical quality inhered in a material by virtue of how fast light travels through the material. [Allotrope] refractive index (quality) detector gain The detector gain is a (relative) amount by which a detector to increases the magnitude of a signal from the input to the output port by adding energy to the signal. [Allotrope] detector gain birefringence (quality) birefringence An optical quality of anisotropic material that has a refractive index which depends on the properties of light. [Allotrope] birefringence (quality) gain Signal gain is the ratio of magnitude of a quality between a flow of energy incoming to a system (input signal) and the outgoing flow of energy (output signal) used for signaling. [Allotrope] detector gain gain USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY acicular particle shape acicular needle needle particle shape An acicular particle shape is a shape of particle with similar small height and width and large length. [Allotrope] acicular particle shape Acicular particles are needle-like. USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY columnar particle shape columnar A columnar particle shape is a shape of particle with similar moderate height and width and large length. [Allotrope] columnar particle shape Columnar particles are similar in shape to poster tubes or wood joists. USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY flake particle shape flake A flake particle shape is a shape of particle with small width and similar height and length. [Allotrope] flake particle shape Flake particles are similar in shape to beer mats. USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY plate particle shape plate A plate particle shape is a shape of particle with moderate width and similar height and length. [Allotrope] plate particle shape Plate particles are similar in shape to dinner plates. USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY lath particle shape lath A lath particle shape is a shape of particle with small width, moderate height, and large length. [Allotrope] lath particle shape Lath particles are similar in shape to A4 paper sheets. USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY equant particle shape equant An equant particle shape is a shape of particle with similar height, width, and length. [Allotrope] equant particle shape Equant particles may be spherical or cuboid. association state (quality) association state An association state is a structure of an association of primary particles in a material. [Allotrope] association state (quality) USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY lamellar association state lamellar A lamellar association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of plate particles in a stack. [Allotrope] lamellar association state USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY aggregate association state aggregate An aggregate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles loosely coupled together. [Allotrope] aggregate association state USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY agglomerate association state agglomerate An agglomerate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles tightly coupled together. [Allotrope] agglomerate association state USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY conglomerate association state conglomerate A conglomerate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of different types of particle. [Allotrope] conglomerate association state USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY spherulite association state spherulite A spherulite association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles grouped radially about a central point. [Allotrope] spherulite association state USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY drusy association state drusy A drusy association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of large particle covered by smaller particles. [Allotrope] drusy association state particle shape (quality) particle shape A particle shape is a shape quality of a particle. [Allotrope] particle shape (quality) chord length (quality) A chord length is the length between any two points on the edge of a particle, with an upper bound of the diameter of the particle. [Allotrope] chord length (quality) true current configuration A current configuration is a device configuration of a current controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target electric current at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] current configuration true voltage configuration A voltage configuration is a device configuration of a voltage controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target voltage at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] voltage configuration IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry", 1993 IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993 circular birefringence (quality) angle of optical rotation circular birefringence polarization rotation Circular birefringence is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC] circular birefringence (quality) specific rotation (quality) specific rotation Specific rotation is the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia] specific rotation (quality) temperature rate (quality) temperature rate A temperature rate is a thermal quality which describes the change in temperature over time in some material bearer. [Allotrope] temperature rate (quality) chemical shift (molecular quality) chemical shift The fractional variation of the resonance frequency of a nucleus in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in consequence of its magnetic environment. [IUPAC] chemical shift (molecular quality) IUPAC Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 14 relative permittivity (quality) dielectric constant relative permittivity εr Relative permittivity is an electrical and magnetic quality inhered in a medium that is the ratio of the electric field strength in vacuum to that in the medium. [IUPAC] relative permittivity (quality) IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) thermal conductance (quality) conductance conductance (quality) thermal conductance Thermal conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of the thermal resistance. [IUPAC] thermal conductance (quality) IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) luminescence (quality) luminescence Luminescence is an optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC] luminescence (quality) angle (quality) An quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle. [PATO] angle (quality) particle density (quality) Particle density is the number density of a population of particles. [Allotrope] particle density (quality) cumulative particle density (quality) A cumulative particle density is the number density of particles meeting a given criterion. [Allotrope] cumulative particle density (quality) differential particle density (quality) A differential particle density is the number density of particles within a specified range criterion. [Allotrope] differential particle density (quality) scan position configuration (plate reader) scan position scan position (quality) scan position configuration A scan position configuration is a system configuration of a the detector in a plate reader that is the position of the detector above or below the well plate. [Allotrope] scan position configuration (plate reader) top scan position (plate reader) top scan A top scan position is a scan position of a plate reader where the detector is above the well plate. [Allotrope] top scan position (plate reader) bottom scan position (plate reader) bottom scan A bottom scan position is a scan position of a plate reader where the detector is below the well plate. [Allotrope] bottom scan position (plate reader) vertical position (quality) vertical position A vertical position is a position in a vertical spacial direction. [Allotrope] vertical position (quality) above of (quality) above above of Above of is a vertical position if the bottom of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the top of the other. [Allotrope] above of (quality) below of (quality) below below of Below of is a vertical position if the top of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the bottom of the other. [Allotrope] below of (quality) true pressure configuration pressure setting A pressure configuration is a device configuration of a pressure controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target pressure at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] pressure configuration ion current (quality) ion current An ion current is a summary quality of an ion flow by virtue of the electrical charge of the ions. [Allotrope] ion current (quality) PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric impedance (quality) electric impedance impedance impedance (quality) Electric impedance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the complex representation of potential difference divided by the complex representation of the current. [IUPAC] electric impedance (quality) stress (quality) stress Stress is a mechanical quality representing the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. [Wikipedia] stress (quality) Young modulus (quality) Young modulus Young's modulus Young's modulus (quality) Youngs modulus Youngs modulus (quality) modulus of elasticity modulus of elasticity (quality) A Young modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material. [Allotrope] Young modulus (quality) sampling orientation Sampling orientation is a system configuration of a separation device that is the direction of separation relative to the movement of the sampled material in the device. [Allotrope] sampling orientation eccentricity (quality) The eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape. [Wikipedia] eccentricity (quality) true height (quality) height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [PATO] height (quality) true IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). dielectric polarization (quality) dielectric polarization Dielectric polarization is the quality inhered in a dielectric that is the difference between the electric displacement vector and the product of the electric field strength with the permittivity of vacuum. [IUPAC] dielectric polarization (quality) true gloss (quality) specular reflection Gloss is an optical property which indicates how well a surface reflects light in a specular (mirror-like) direction. [Wikipedia] gloss (quality) velocity configuration A velocity configuration is a device configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the velocity of some process at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] velocity configuration true distance configuration A distance configuration is a device configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the distance between of some materials at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] distance configuration relative response (quality) A relative response is the ratio of an analytes device response signal to the device response signal of some reference material. [Allotrope] relative response (quality) rotational speed (quality) A rotational speed is a movement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's frequency of rotation. [Allotrope] rotational speed (quality) circularity (quality) A circularity is a shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the two-dimensional roundness of an entity. [Allotrope] circularity (quality) dead cell density (quality) dead cell density Dead cell density is the cell density of the partition of dead cells. [Allotrope] dead cell density (quality) fluorescent tag positive count (quality) fluorescent tag positive cell count Fluorescent tag positive cell count is the cell count of the partition of fluorescent tag positive cells. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag positive count (quality) fluorescent tag positive cell density (quality) fluorescent tag positive cell density Fluorescent tag positive cell density is the cell density of the partition of fluorescent tag positive cells. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag positive cell density (quality) polymer length (quality) A polymer length is the length of a polymer chain at maximum extension. [Allotrope] polymer length (quality) hydrogen-bond acidity (quality) A hydrogen-bond acidity is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to act as a hydrogen bond donor. [Allotrope] hydrogen-bond acidity (quality) hydrogen-bond basicity (quality) A hydrogen-bond basicity is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor. [Allotrope] hydrogen-bond basicity (quality) steric resistance (quality) A steric resistance is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to insertion of bulky molecules. [Allotrope] steric resistance (quality) resonance (quality) A resonance (quality) is a quality inhered in a system by virtue of that system's response to oscillations of the system components at matching frequencies. [Allotrope] resonance (quality) polarization orientation A polarization orientation is a system configuration of a detector relative to the plane of excitation. [Allotrope] polarization orientation true action task An action is a unit element in a procedure and is a concretization of an action specification. [Allotrope] action procedure A procedure is plan containing multiple activities that are intended to be executed in an order following a procedure specification. [Allotrope] procedure true situation Portion of reality that is realized in some process. [Allotrope] situation true configuration constitution physique structure A specific combination of qualities that the bearer realizes at some time. [Allotrope] configuration true environmental situation environment A situation that is realized in a processes outside the system boundary of an operation situation of a device. [Allotrope] example: humid conditions environmental situation true operational situation operation 2019-09-20 Moved, an operational situation is not necessarily an environmental situation. [Allotrope] The situation when a device is performing its intended function. [Allotrope] operational situation true transition A transition is a situation that is realized when one or more preceding processes end and the one or more succeeding processes begin. [Allotrope] transition true trigger A realizable entity that when realized coincides with the start of some intended or causally dependent process. [Allotrope] trigger chemical disposition chemical agent A disposition of a portion of material to react with other materials in a specific way by nature of its chemical composition. [Allotrope] chemical disposition detergent A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) disposed to having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. [ChEBI] detergent surfactant The disposition to lower the surface tension of the medium in which the material is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapor and/or at other interfaces. [ChEBI] surfactant surface-active disposition surface-active agent A surface-active agent is a disposition of a portion of material to react or interact with the surface of other materials. [Allotrope] surface-active disposition chemical reaction disposition A chemical reaction disposition is a disposition inhered in a reaction mixture. [Allotrope] chemical reaction disposition reaction selectivity disposition A reaction selectivity disposition is a disposition of a reaction mixture to have a reaction selectivity. [Allotrope] reaction selectivity disposition hysteresis Hysteresis is the time-based dependence of a system's output on present and past inputs. The dependence arises because the history affects the value of an internal state. To predict its future outputs, either its internal state or its history must be known. [Wikipedia] hysteresis true Auger spectrum A plot of intensity vs. kinetic energy obtained when a high energy photon ionizes a core electron and an electron from a higher energy level descends to take its place, releasing sufficient energy to eject a second so-called 'Auger' electron. [CHMO] Auger spectrum true differential scanning calorimetry curve DSC curve DSC heating curve DSC plot DSC thermogram DSC thermograms A plot of enthalpy vs. temperature obtained by measuring the enthalpy required to increase the temperature of a sample as a function of temperature. [CHMO] differential scanning calorimetry curve chromatography peak A chromatography peak is a peak that results from a detector's response to the presence of an analyte in the mobile phase eluting from a column in chromatography. [Allotrope] chromatography peak true microwave spectrum microwave spectra A plot of emission vs. wavelength obtained through a Fourier transform of the time series of the radiation emitted by a sample of gas phase molecules that have been excited by a microwave-frequency pulse. [CHMO] microwave spectrum Karl-Fischer titration curve Karl Fischer titration curve A Karl-Fischer titration curve is a titration curve of mass of water over time. [Allotrope] Karl-Fischer titration curve peak assignment target The description of a chemical moiety or material that is assigned to a peak. [Allotrope] peak assignment target selected ion monitoring chromatogram SIM chromatogram SIM spectrum A selected-ion monitoring (SIM) chromatogram is similar to an XIC, with the exception that the mass spectrometer is operated in SIM mode, such that only preselected m/z values are detected in the analysis. [Wikipedia] selected ion monitoring chromatogram true conversion spectrum conversion spectra A plot of a quantity related to the absorption, for example absorbance or cross section, multiplied by the quantum yield for the process considered against a measure of photon energy such as frequency, wavenumber or wavelength. [CHMO] conversion spectrum true photoelectron spectrum photoelectron spectra A plot of photoelectron count vs. kinetic energy. [CHMO] photoelectron spectrum true circular dichroism spectrum CD spectra CD spectrum circular dichroic spectra circular dichroic spectrum circular dichroism (CD) spectra circular dichroism spectra A plot of ellipticity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized photon radiation as a function of wavelength. [CHMO] circular dichroism spectrum true alpha-particle spectrum alpha particle spectra alpha particle spectrum alpha-particle spectra α-particle spectra α-particle spectrum A plot of alpha-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and kinetic energies of alpha-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO] alpha-particle spectrum true weighing result The weighing result is the result of a weighing process. [Allotrope] weighing result true structure data Data obtained from a structure determination method. [CHMO] structure data ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum UV-Vis-NIR spectra UV-Vis-NIR spectrum UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra UV-vis-NIR spectra UV-vis-near IR spectra UV-vis-near IR spectrum UV-visible-near IR spectrum A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation in the ultraviolet to near-infrared (190-2000 nm) range. [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum true spectrum spectra spectrum plot 2020-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A spectrum is a data distribution function of a measured quantity in a spectroscopy against some experimental parameter. [Allotrope] spectrum true voltammogram voltammetric profile A plot of cell current vs. the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes obtained from a voltammetry experiment. [CHMO] voltammogram selected ion current chromatogram SIC chromatogram A plot of ion current vs. retention time obtained from a chromatography experiment with mass detection. A small mass window is monitored such that the mass chromatogram represents detection of a very specific mass-to-charge ratio. [CHMO] selected ion current chromatogram true chemical map A data set derived from chemical imaging consisting of a three-dimensional image where two axes describe the x and y spatial dimensions and the third dimension represents spectral wavelength. The image is obtained by stacking one image per spectral wavelength sequentially. [CHMO] chemical map true isothermal titration calorimetry curve ITC curve ITC curves ITC-curve isothermal titration calorimetric curve A plot of energy vs. time obtained from the measurement of the heat evolved during a chemical or biochemical reaction (such as protein--receptor binding). [CHMO] isothermal titration calorimetry curve true gamma-ray spectrum gamma ray spectra gamma ray spectrum gamma-ray spectra γ-ray spectra γ-ray spectrum A plot of gamma-ray count vs. energy spectrum obtained by measuring the number and energy of gamma-rays emitted or absorbed by a sample. [CHMO] gamma-ray spectrum true temperature measurement result A temperature measurement result is an assay result that is the output of a temperature measurement. [Allotrope] temperature measurement result gas chromatogram GC chromatogram A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a column chromatography experiment where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO] gas chromatogram true electropherogram An electropherogram is the outcome of a capillary electrophoresis that reports the response of a detector as a function of time. [Allotrope] electropherogram fluorescence emission spectrum fluorescence emission spectrum fluorescence spectra A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through fluorescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO] fluorescence emission spectrum true electron energy-loss spectrum EELS spectra EELS spectrum electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum electron energy-loss spectra A plot of intensity vs. energy loss obtained by measuring the energy lost by electrons on interacting with a surface. [CHMO] electron energy-loss spectrum excitation spectrum An excitation spectrum is a plot of the spectral radiant exitance or of the spectral photon exitance against the frequency (or wavenumber, or wavelength) of excitation. [IUPAC] excitation spectrum blood gas analysis result BGA result blood gas measurement result The measurement result of analysis from a blood gas analyzer. [Allotrope] blood gas analysis result mass chromatogram A mass chromatogram is a distribution function of a mass detector signal versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope] mass chromatogram true photoacoustic spectrum photoacoustic spectra A plot of intensity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the sound emitted when a gaseous sample is exposed to an intense laser beam, which is rapidly interrupted by a rotating slotted disk. [CHMO] photoacoustic spectrum true adsorption-desorption isotherm adsorption-desorption isotherm adsorption/desorption isotherm A plot of relative pressure vs. volume adsorbed obtained by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. [CHMO] adsorption-desorption isotherm true data point A data point is the single point in a coordinate space. [Allotrope] data point extracted ion chromatogram EIC XIC In an extracted-ion chromatogram (XIC or EIC), also called a reconstructed-ion chromatogram (RIC), one or more m/z values representing one or more analytes of interest are recovered ('extracted') from the entire data set for a chromatographic run. [Wikipedia] extracted ion chromatogram true assay result assay output experimental result result 2020-03-20 Changed equivalent class to subclass. [Allotrope] The final outcome reported for a measured or computed quantity, after performing a measuring procedure including all sub procedures and evaluations. [IUPAC, Allotrope] assay result true absorption spectrum absorbance spectra absorbance spectrum absorption spectra An absorption spectrum is a data distribution function that plots the absorption of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Wikipedia] absorption spectrum peak group 2018-07-19 Changed definition, relaxed restriction. [Allotrope] A peak group is a user defined set of peaks for which summed peak facet data is expected. [Allotrope] A common example is for alkanes such as heptanes. Often all of the isomers (C7H16, CH3CH2(CH3)C4H10, C2H5CH2(CH3)C3H8, CH3CH2(CH2CH3)C3H8, etc) are reported as a single value. Sum of all peak areas in the group. peak group true chromatogram 2020-11-12 Subclassed under chromatography result. [Allotrope] A chromatogram is a distribution function of a detector signal (such as ion count or absorbance) versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope] chromatogram ultraviolet spectrum 2D UV spectrum 2D UV spectrum (abs. over wavelength) UV spectra UV spectrum two dimensional ultraviolet spectrum two-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum ultra-violet spectra ultra-violet spectrum ultraviolet spectra ultraviolet spectrum A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) range. [CHMO] ultraviolet spectrum true infrared spectrum IR spectra IR spectrum infra-red spectra infra-red spectrum infrared (IR) spectra infrared (IR) spectrum infrared spectra A plot of absorbance or transmittance vs. wavelength/wavenumber/frequency obtained by measuring the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by a sample. [CHMO] infrared spectrum true nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum NMR spectra NMR spectrum nuclear magnetic resonance spectra Any spectrum that shows the response of spin-active nuclei to radio frequency radiation in an applied magnetic field. [CHMO] nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum true optical extinction spectrum optical transmission spectrum A plot of extinction (or transmittance) vs. wavelength (or wavenumber) obtained by measuring the amount of radiation transmitted through a sample as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation. Optical extinction spectra can also be derived theoretically. [CHMO] optical extinction spectrum true atomic spectrum atomic spectra A plot of absorption or emission radiation vs. frequency that reflects the internal degrees of freedom of an atom, obtained in an experiment where the sample is vaporized and then atomized. [CHMO] atomic spectrum true inelastic tunneling spectrum IET spectra IET spectrum inelastic tunneling spectra inelastic tunnelling spectra inelastic tunnelling spectrum A plot of current (or a first or higher derivative of current with respect to voltage) vs. voltage obtained by measuring the tunneling current through a metal-oxide-metal sandwich. Molecules are adsorbed onto the oxide and these molecules can affect the tunneling via the excitation of vibrational states. [CHMO] inelastic tunneling spectrum true melting curve A melting curve is the data distribution function over temperature that is the output of a melting curve analysis. Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. [Wikipedia] melting curve true gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis spectrum GEMMA spectra GEMMA spectrum A plot of electrophoretic mobility diameter vs. particle count generated by separating singly-charged complexes in air under the influence of an electric field. [CHMO] gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis spectrum certificate A certificate refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or audit. Accreditation is a specific organization's process of certification. [Wikipedia] certificate electromagnetic radiation chromatogram EMR chromatogram An electromagnetic radiation chromatogram is a distribution function of a electromagnetic radiation detector signal versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope] electromagnetic radiation chromatogram visible spectrum VIS spectra VIS spectrum optical absorption spectra optical absorption spectrum visible spectra A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the visible region (380-800 nm) range. [CHMO] visible spectrum true action spectrum action spectra A plot of a relative biological or chemical photoresponse per number of incident photons against wavelength or energy of radiation under the same radiant power of light. [CHMO] action spectrum true oximetry spectrum oximetric data oximetry data oximetry spectra A plot of % oxygen vs. time, measured during a process where oxygen is consumed or evolved. [CHMO] oximetry spectrum true acoustic emission spectrum acoustic emission spectra A plot of decibels vs. frequency obtained by measuring the amount of noise generated by a sample as a function of frequency of incident radiation. [CHMO] acoustic emission spectrum true flow curve A plot of stress vs. flow rate obtained from rheological measurements. [CHMO] flow curve true X-ray spectrum X-ray spectra A plot of intensity vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of X-rays absorbed or emitted by a sample. [CHMO] X-ray spectrum true beta-particle spectrum beta particle spectra beta particle spectrum beta-particle spectra β-particle spectra β-particle spectrum A plot of beta-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of beta-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO] beta-particle spectrum ultraviolet-visible spectrum UV-VIS absorption spectra UV-Vis spectra UV-Vis spectrum UV-vis absorption spectra UV-vis absorption spectrum UV-vis spectra UV-vis spectrum UV-visible spectra UV-visible spectrum UV/VIS absorption spectra UV/VIS spectra UV/vis spectra UV/vis spectrum UV/visible spectra UV/visible spectrum spectrophotometric data ultraviolet-visible spectra ultraviolet-visible spectrum A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation in the ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) range. [CHMO] ultraviolet-visible spectrum impedance spectrum dielectric spectrum impedance spectra A plot of impedance vs. frequency that reflects the change in impedance of a sample during excitation. [CHMO] impedance spectrum true Tauc plot A plot of e vs hv where e is the molar extinction coefficient, that is used to determine the optical gap (or 'Tauc gap') in amorphous thin film materials. [CHMO] Tauc plot SIM spectrum MIM spectrum multiple ion monitoring spectrum selected ion monitoring spectrum Spectrum obtained with the operation of a mass spectrometer in which the abundances of one ion or several ions of specific m/z values are recorded rather than the entire mass spectrum (Selected Ion Monitoring). [PSI/MS] SIM spectrum size-exclusion chromatogram SEC chromatogram SEC elugram SEC profile SEC trace size exclusion chromatogram A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a chromatography experiment where the separation is caused by exclusion effects within the stationary phase and where the stationary phase is a swollen gel. [CHMO] size-exclusion chromatogram true excitation-emission spectrum excitation-emission spectra excitation-emission spectrum A three-dimensional spectrum generated by scanning the emission spectrum at incremental steps of excitation wavelength. [CHMO] excitation-emission spectrum true peak 2024-06-16 Changed definition to be more specific and added data region as new parent term. [Allotrope] A peak is a data region containing a single local extremum in the dependent variable of the distribution function. [Allotrope] peak true electromagnetic radiation spectrum EMR spectrum electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic radiation spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies. [Wikipedia] electromagnetic radiation spectrum true peak list Collection of peaks or peak groups for a specific purpose. [Allotrope] peak list true incident photon conversion efficiency spectrum IPCE spectrum incident photon conversion efficiency spectra incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectra incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectrum incident photon to collected electron spectra incident photon to current collection efficiency spectrum incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency spectrum incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectrum A plot of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) vs. wavelength obtained from a solar or photovoltaic cell. [CHMO] incident photon conversion efficiency spectrum true Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 1515–1609, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06 mass spectrum mass spectra A mass spectrum is a data distribution function that plots the relative abundances of ions forming a beam or other collection as a function of their m/z values. [IUPAC] The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC] mass spectrum ion chromatogram A ion chromatogram is a distribution function of a ion current signal of a mass detector versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope] ion chromatogram Karl-Fischer titration result Karl Fischer titration result A Karl-Fischer titration result is the result of a Karl-Fischer titration run. [Allotrope] Karl-Fischer titration result true cell counter result cell counter analysis result cell counter measurement result 2018-03-09 Added to cell counting domain [OSTHUS] A cell counter result is an assay result that is the result of a cell counter assay. [Allotrope] cell counter result true titration curve titration data titration plot A plot of volume of titrant vs. an independent variable (e.g., pH or enthalpy) obtained from a titration experiment. [CHMO] titration curve true luminescence spectrum A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through luminescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO] luminescence spectrum true Mossbauer spectrum Moessbauer spectra Moessbauer spectrum Mossbauer spectra Mössbauer spectra Mössbauer spectrum A plot of intensity vs. velocity obtained by measuring the intensity and kinetic energy of a beam of gamma-rays transmitted through a solid sample. [CHMO] Mossbauer spectrum true titration result A titration result is the result of a titration. [Allotrope] titration result gel filtration chromatogram GPC elugram GPC profile GPC profiles GPC trace GPC traces gel permeation chromatogram gel permeation chromatographic traces A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a chromatography experiment where the separation is caused by differences in molecular size. [CHMO] gel filtration chromatogram true electronic absorption spectrum A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength, obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation, which reflects the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO] electronic absorption spectrum true Raman spectrum Raman spectra A plot of intensity vs. Raman shift (cm-1) obtained by measuring the Raman scattering of monochromatic light from a sample. [CHMO] Raman spectrum chromatography result 2020-11-12 Moved from chromatography domain to AFO. [Allotrope] A chromatography result is a result of a chromatography run. [Allotrope] chromatography result true capillary electrophoresis result The capillary electrophoresis result is the result of a process of capillary electrophoresis. [Allotrope] capillary electrophoresis result K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 extracted ion profile extracted ion signal Any plot of signal intensity observed at a chosen m/z value or set of values in a series of mass spectra recorded as a function of time, including extracted ion chromatogram, extracted ion electropherogram, or from flow injection analysis or any other time-dependent sampling. [IUPAC] extracted ion profile K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 isotope cluster Group of peaks representing ions of the same elemental composition, but different isotopic compositions. [IUPAC] isotope cluster true profile time series A profile is a data distribution function that is a function of time. [Allotrope] profile true Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609. Retrieved 9 May. 2019, from doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06 total ion current profile A total ion current profile is a data distribution function of the total ion current recorded as function of time or time dependent sampling. [Allotrope] total ion current profile microplate reader measurement result The readout from a microplate reader measurement. [Allotrope] microplate reader measurement result melting peak A melting peak results from energy transfer due to the transition from the solid to the liquid phase. [Allotrope] melting peak transition peak A transition peak is a peak in the differential scanning calorimetry curve that results from a structural transition of the sample. [Allotrope] transition peak trend trending result A trend is the result of a process of trending. [Allotrope] In Raman spectroscopy a trend a result based on a collection of spectra. [Allotrope] In infrared spectroscopy the intensities of peaks over time can be used to monitor compound concentration increase/decrease of a chemical reaction over time. trend file 2020-05-11 Moved from taxonomy to AFO, different perspective than iao:Document A file is a resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. [Wikipedia] file differential scanning calorimetry peak A differential scanning calorimetry peak is a peak that is the result of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and part of a DSC curve. [Allotrope] differential scanning calorimetry peak differential scanning calorimetry result DSC result The differential scanning calorimetry result is the result of a DSC measurement. [Allotrope] differential scanning calorimetry result prediction forecast 2019-05-10 Generalized term. [Allotrope] A prediction or forecast is a proposition about a future event. [Wikipedia] prediction fingerprint fingerprinting A fingerprint is a type of or portion of spectrum that has a characteristic structure. It can be used as a fingerprint for comparison to reference spectra. [Allotrope] Infrared spectra are fingerprints. The fingerprint region of an IR spectrum lies between 1500 and 500 cm-1 while a complete IR spectrum normally has a range from 4000 to 500 cm-1. Note that the overlay is synonym for the same activity (fingerprinting). fingerprint distribution A distribution is a collection of frequencies of results of a sample. Each frequency is number of occurrences within a given interval. The distribution can be expressed relatively to the width of the interval. [Allotrope] distribution particle sizing result A particle sizing result is the outcome of a process of particle sizing. [Allotrope] particle sizing result true spectroscopy result Result of a spectroscopical measurement. [Allotrope] spectroscopy result glass transition peak A glass transition peak is a peak of the differential scanning calorimetry curve that results from the glass transition of a sample. [Allotrope] glass transition peak overlay of scans An overlay of scans is a graphic overlay of generated spectra for comparison. [Allotrope] overlay of scans exothermic peak 2020-03-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] An exothermic peak is a differential scanning calorimetry peak resulting from energy transfer from the sample heating cell to the surrounding. [Allotrope] exothermic peak endothermic peak 2020-03-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] An endothermic peak is a differential scanning calorimetry peak peak resulting from energy transfer to the sample heating cell. [Allotrope] endothermic peak true calibration curve 2019-08-19 Moved under data distribution function. [Allotrope] The calibration curve is a data distribution function of the instrumental response, the so-called analytical signal, changed with the concentration of the analyte (the substance to be measured). [Wikipedia] calibration curve mass spectrometry tune file A tune file is a file that contains the tuning parameters of a mass spectrometer tuning. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry tune file true analysis sequence Linear procedure specification that specifies analysis. [Allotrope] analysis sequence true analytical method An analysis method is a plan specification that specifies an analysis. [Allotrope] analytical method true cubic interpolation algorithm An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope] cubic interpolation algorithm true interpolation algorithm 2022-11-28 Changed defintion. [Allotrope] An interpolation algorithm is an algorithm about interpolation that specifies the way an interpolation process is carried out. [Allotrope] interpolation algorithm true linear interpolation algorithm Linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia] linear interpolation algorithm true log event log event protocol protocol 2020-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A log is a list of related log entries. [Allotrope] log true log entry protocol entry 2020-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A log entry is a list item representing a recorded event. [Allotrope] log entry true quality profile control command A quality profile control command is an action specification about a quality process profile. [Allotrope] quality profile control command true unretained peak An unretained peak is a peak which represents the detection result of a material entity which was not retained by a chromatography column. [Allotrope] unretained peak true level of measurement measurement scale Level of measurement is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [Wikipedia] level of measurement true nominal scale A classification that only introduces categorical values. [Allotrope] nominal scale true ordinal scale A classification of measurement that introduces equality and rank-ordering. [Allotrope] ordinal scale true interval scale A scale that is based on equal quantitative intervals. [Allotrope] interval scale true ratio scale A scale that introduces a zero as origin and allows equality, rank-ordering, equality of intervals and equality of ratios. [Allotrope] ratio scale true log-interval scale A log-interval scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on logarithmic intervals. [Allotrope] log-interval scale true cyclic scale A cyclic scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on recurring intervals. [Allotrope] angle orientation weekday cyclic scale true counts Counts are like ratio scale that they have a zero point but there are no meaningful fractional units. [Allotrope] counts true classification A classification is a proposition that categorizes things into classes or collections of things differentiated by some criteria. [Allotrope] classification true identifier ID An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [uncountable] substance (or class thereof). [Wikipedia] identifier true globally unique identifier A globally unique identifier is an identifier whose uniqueness is guaranteed in a decentralized way by following a certain algorithm in its creation. [Allotrope] a UUID globally unique identifier true local identifier An identifier that uniquely denotes objects only within the scope of a specific object aggregate and that is not registered in an identifier registry. [Allotrope] local identifier true quantity range A range that describes a range of quantity values using the same unit. [Allotrope] quantity range true list index A list index is a type of index that is related to a list item in a collection. [Allotrope] list index true description A description is a proposition about an existing entity. [Allotrope] description true facet A facet is a partial information that contains an aspect of some information content entity or parts of it when participating in some process. The facet abstracts of the concrete representation of this aspect of information. [Allotrope] facet true factor A multiplicand in a mathematical product expression. [Allotrope] factor true complex factor A factor with a complex number as value. [Allotrope] complex factor true integer factor A factor with a integer number as value. [Allotrope] integer factor true real factor A factor with a real number as value. [Allotrope] real factor true index A facet that represents some strictly ordered key in an associative array or the position of a member in a list. [Allotrope] index true matrix index An index that denotes some matrix component. [Allotrope] matrix index true tensor index An index that denotes some tensor component. [Allotrope] tensor index true vector index An index that denotes some vector component. [Allotrope] vector index true order An order facet adds information of the ordering of some information in an aggregation of information. [Allotrope] order true predecessor A predecessor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately before it in a containing list. [Allotrope] predecessor true successor A successor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately after it in a containing list. [Allotrope] successor true radix base In mathematical numeral systems, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. [Wikipedia] radix 1 0 true size Size is the number of members of some collection of data. [Allotrope] size true time timestamp 2018-10-29 Changed pref label to time, timestamp is alt label [Allotrope] A time is a facet that adds temporal information to an information content entity about the point in time when the information content entity it is participating in the some process. [Allotrope] Duration is a close match, but is about a time interval. This facet can have multiple representational forms, e.g. XML dateTime or QUDT time quantity values. time true procedure specification flow specification protocol workflow specification A specification on the order, transitions and trigger of multiple action specifications that are part of some aggregate action specification. [Allotrope] procedure specification true polynomial interpolation algorithm An interpolation algorithm using polynomials. [Allotrope] polynomial interpolation algorithm true quadratic interpolation algorithm An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope] quadratic interpolation algorithm true action specification command instruction A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. [IAO] action specification true process command An action specification that specifies an event within a process when the specified activity is realized. [Allotrope] The events are modeled after the ISA-S88 process commands. [Allotrope] process command true function specification A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the function it bears in it. [Allotrope] function specification true sequential procedure specification event table linear procedure specification sequence specification 2018-10-19 Changed pref label [Allotrope] A procedure specification with a linear ordered collection of action specifications. [Allotrope] sequential procedure specification true peak facet 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A facet that is part of a peak. [Allotrope] peak facet true peak height 2024-06-16 Adjusted text definition to use extremum rather than apex. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the peak extremum offset by the baseline ascribed to the peak. [Allotrope] peak height true relative peak height peak height (relative) 2018-07-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the height of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope] relative peak height true step size increment The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope] A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value. [Allotrope] Step size of sweeping over 2Theta, unit ° [Allotrope] step size true duration time 2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope] A measure of the magnitude of the time region in which the process occurs. [Allotrope] duration true measurement time The date/time of the measurement. [Allotrope] measurement time true process property A description of a fundamental characteristic of a process. [Allotrope] process property true rate 2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope] A measure of the magnitude of change of some participating entity per amount of time relative to other processes having similar changes. [Allotrope] rate true observation An observation is a description of a portion of reality that has been observed during an observing process. [Allotrope] observation true number of sampled points The number of points is the total number of points sampled during a measurement. [Allotrope] In a spectrum, the number of points is the total number of peak positions. number of quick slope points in UV/VIS number of sampled points true specification directive information entity A specification is a proposition about the intended purpose or design of an entity. [Allotrope] specification true tensor datum tensor tensor value In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors. Elementary examples of such relations include the dot product, the cross product, and linear maps. The tensor datum is a facet that uses a tensor as an abstract mathematical description. [Wikipedia] tensor datum true higher-order tensor datum higher-order tensor higher-order tensor value A tensor with order greater than 2. [Allotrope] higher-order tensor datum 2 true matrix datum matrix matrix value In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. [Wikipedia] matrix datum 0 0 true scalar datum scalar scalar value A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space. [Wikipedia] review of definition needed scalar datum 1 true vector datum Euclidean vector geometric vector vector vector value In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. [Wikipedia] vector datum true vector integer datum integer vector integer vector datum A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only integer scalar components. [Allotrope] vector integer datum true vector number datum number vector number vector datum number vector value A vector number datum is a vector datum that has only numeric scalar components. [Allotrope] vector number datum true vector quantity datum quantity vector quantity vector datum quantity vector value A vector quantity datum is a vector datum that has only quantity value scalar components. [Allotrope] vector quantity datum true time datum time time interval time value A time datum is a type of datum that quantifies a duration of time or is about a time interval. [Allotrope] time datum true scalar range datum scalar range scalar range value A scalar range datum is a type of datum that is about range quantified by a scalar value. [Allotrope] scalar range datum method function specification A function specification that specifies the ways of achievement. [Allotrope] method function specification true quality specification A specification that specifies the determinate range of some quality. [Allotrope] quality specification true capability specification A capability specification specifies some function that the target of the specification inheres. This capability can be restricted to a specific situation. [Allotrope] capability specification true parameter specification A participant specification which specifies an information object that has the contextual role of a parameter in the realized process. [Allotrope] A parameter specification can include a formal name, a datatype, a shape or range of values if the parameter is a datum. A parameter specification is about a parameter. It is a parameter itself only in the context of a specification process. parameter specification true result specification A participant specification that specifies a information objects that have the contextual role of a result in the realized process. [Allotrope] result specification true role specification 2018-11-16 Allow contextual roles to be referenced as well has normal roles in role specifications. [Allotrope] A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the general role it plays in it. [Allotrope] role specification true transition specification A specification about the transition between two or more actions. [Allotrope] transition specification true trigger specification A trigger specification is a situation specification that specifies a trigger. [Allotrope] trigger specification true situation specification A specification of a circumstances (process). [Allotrope] situation specification true scalar integer datum scalar integer value A datum that is an integer value. [Allotrope] scalar integer datum count count (datum) count datum count facet 2020-12-01 Changed labels. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A datum that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things. [Allotrope] count true scalar decimal datum A datum that is a decimal value. [Allotrope] scalar decimal datum true scalar floating point number datum A datum that is a IEEE floating point value. [Allotrope] scalar floating point number datum true scalar categorical datum scalar nominal datum A scalar categorical datum is a type of datum that describes something based on a scalar value for a kind of category. [Allotrope] scalar categorical datum true scalar number datum A scalar datum that has a numeric value. [Allotrope] scalar number datum true scalar quantity datum scalar quantity scalar quantity value A scalar quantity datum is a type of datum that is about a quantity and quantifies by a scalar value. [Allotrope] scalar quantity datum true proposition assertion content statement A proposition is an information content entity that is statement or assertion that has a truth value. [Allotrope] proposition true representation form A representation form is a type of information content entity that represents an entity in a certain way. [Allotrope] plot as representation form of a temperature profile representation form true model A model is a purposeful simplified description of a part of reality that focuses on specific aspects. [Allotrope] model true theory A model that explains some principle rules about something. [Allotrope] theory true physical domain A physical domain is a type of description that covers physical objects. [Allotrope] physical domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal signal An information content entity that is an input or output in a process at the boundary of a system. The signal is sent or received via ports of the system. The signal conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon. [Allotrope] signal true participant specification A specification that is part of some action specification that specifies some continuant that when the concretized action is realized becomes a participant playing some (contextual) role in the process. [Allotrope] participant specification true true isobar (nuclide) isobar 2019-05-09 Moved under classification datum. [Allotrope] Isobar is a classification facet that classifies atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. [Wikipedia] isobar (nuclide) 1 0 true tuple A tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements. [Wikipedia] tuple true mathematical object abstract object A mathematical object is an information content entity that is an abstraction in the area of mathematics. It has a formal definition that allows for deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs. [Allotrope] mathematical object true 1-tuple A 1-tuple is a tuple that is a singleton. [Wikipedia] 1-tuple 2 true 2-tuple A 2-tuple is a tuple that is an ordered pair. [Wikipedia] 2-tuple true 3-tuple A 3-tuple is a tuple that is a triple or triplet. [Wikipedia] 3-tuple true configuration specification 2020-03-24 Moved under situation specification. [Allotrope] A configuration specification is a situation specification that is about a realized configuration inhered in a specification target. [Allotrope] configuration specification true registry 2019-05-10 Moved up in hierarchy [Allotrope] A registry is information content entity that is an aggregate of designations. [Allotrope] registry true data distribution function A description of distribution of a quantity with respect to a set of parameters. [Allotrope] This can be the result of a measurement, simulation or prediction. [Allotrope] data distribution function https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname family name last name surname 2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope] A family name is a name that is the portion (in some cultures) of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture). [Wikipedia] The family name is provided (alongside given name) for use when describing parts of people's names. Although these concepts do not capture the full range of personal naming styles found world-wide, they are commonly used and have some value. [FoaF] family name https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name given name Christian name first name forename 2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope] A given name is a name that is a part of a person's personal name. [Wikipedia] The given name is provided (alongside family name) for use when describing parts of people's names. Although these concepts do not capture the full range of personal naming styles found world-wide, they are commonly used and have some value. [FoaF] given name https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name personal name full name name person name 2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope] A personal name is a name that is composed of a set of names by which an individual is known. [Allotrope] personal name country name A country name is a location facet that denotes a country. [Allotrope] country name location facet A facet that is about some spatial region or site. [Allotrope] the facets of an address location facet homepage hyperlink A homepage hyperlink is a web page hyperlink that is a reference to home page of a person or organization. [Allotrope] homepage hyperlink web page hyperlink A web page hyperlink is a URL that is a reference to web page. [Allotrope] web page hyperlink URL A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. [Wikipedia] URL ldap identifier LDAP ID ldap id 2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope] An LDAP identifier is an online account managed by an LDAP server and follows the LDAP specification. [Allotrope] ldap identifier local system account identifier local system account ID 2021-06-23 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2022-12-208 Changed parent class. [Allotrope] 2022-12-208 Changed pref label, added alt label. [Allotrope] An account to a local computer. [Allotrope] local system account identifier locality A written name denoting a locality (e.g. city) as part a postal address. [Allotrope] locality molecular structure A molecular structure is a description of the type and arrangement of the atoms and the direction of bonds linking atoms that constitute a molecule. [Allotrope] molecular structure peak area 2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope] 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that quantitates the area enclosed by a peak and the selected baseline. [Allotrope] peak area peak position A peak facet that denotes the abscissa value of the extrema (maxima or minima) attributed to the peak in a data description function. The extrema is often determined through a mathematical fitting of measurement signals to eliminate spurious extrema due to noise. [Allotrope] peak position peak width 2018-08-01 Changed definition [Allotrope] A peak facet denoting its width at a specified peak height or variance. [Allotrope] peak width street address The street address is a location facet of a postal address, that denotes a street. [Allotrope] street address telephone number telephone A number for calling a telephone. [Allotrope] telephone number https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_(disambiguation) title A title is a prefix or suffix added to a personal name. A title can be a title of honor, that is a title bestowed as an award, a honorary title (academic), that is a recognition of contributions by a non-employee or employee, a hereditary title, that is a title that remains in a family or a job title, that is a designation of a person's position in an organization. [Wikipedia] Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. title honorific prefix An honorific prefix is a facet that is part of a prefix to a person's name. [Allotrope] honorific prefix communication facet A facet that is about communication channels. [Allotrope] communication facet location name A location name is a location facet that denotes a geographical place. [Allotrope] location name postal code A postal code of a postal address. [Allotrope] ZIP code postal code peak asymmetry 2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope] A peak facet that describes the deviation of the peak's distribution from symmetry about its mean. [Allotrope] peak asymmetry retention time 2020-03-20 Added quantification facet superclass. [Allotrope] Retention time is a chromatography peak facet that indicates the elapsed time between the injection of the sample and the maximum detector response attributed to the peak (analyte band). [Allotrope] retention time slope Slope is a mathematical facet of a line that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. [Wikipedia] slope point dot two-dimensional point A point is a two-dimensional figure that represents a zero-dimensional spacial region. [Allotrope] point true figure facet A figure facet is a facet that is part of a figure. [Allotrope] figure facet assignment An assignment is a proposition that is an assertion of some relation between entities. [Allotrope] assignment true timebase A timebase is a description that is about a point in time (process boundary or zero dimensional temporal region) that has the role of a temporal reference. [Allotrope] timebase true mathematical facet A facet that is part of a mathematical expression, formula or equation. [Allotrope] mathematical facet true quantification facet quantity facet 2019-07-04 Changed pref label to be more precise. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2021-03-16 Fixed quantifies some mass. [Allotrope] A facet that is part of a quantification of a quality, aggregate or process. [Allotrope] A quantification facet is usually a quantity value or a categorization into some group. It is described by a numeric value together with a unit or a categorical value. [Allotrope] quantification facet true capability capability (proposition) 2020-12-01 Changed label and definition. [Allotrope] A capability is a proposition that is about a function, role or quality realized under given conditions. [Allotrope] A capability can be in a description or specification role. capability scalar double datum A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE double precision datum (xsd:double). [Allotrope] scalar double datum cell counter result datum cell counter result facet A cell counter result data is a facet of a document about a cell counting assay that is about a some result of the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] cell counter result datum cell counter setting cell counter parameter A cell counter parameter datum is a facet of a document about a cell counting assay that is about a some parameter of the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] cell counter setting viable cell density (cell counter) viable cell density viable density Viable cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the viable cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] viable cell density (cell counter) cell density dilution factor dilution ratio Cell density dilution factor is a cell counter parameter data that describes the dilution factor of the solution prepared for the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] cell density dilution factor cell type processing method cell type cell type (cell counter) 2023-09-31 Changed pref label to clarify term usage. [Allotrope] Cell type processing method is cell counter parameter data that describes the type of cells analyzed in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] cell type processing method viability (cell counter) viability Viability is a cell counter result data that quantifies the viability of the cells analyzed. [Allotrope] viability (cell counter) total cell density (cell counter) total cell density total density Total cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] total cell density (cell counter) average viable cell diameter (cell counter) average live cell diameter average live cell diameter (cell counter) average live diameter average viable diameter live cell diameter viable cell diameter 2023-06-26 Renamed to average viable cell diameter to align with other usages of viable cell in prefLabels. [Allotrope] Average viable cell diameter is a cell counter result data that states the average diameter of the viable cells measured. [Allotrope] average viable cell diameter (cell counter) total cell count Total cell count is a cell counter result data that states the total number of cells that were counted in the cell counting measurement. [Allotrope] total cell count viable cell count live cell count live count total live count viable count Viable cell count is a cell counter result data that states the number of viable cells that were counted in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] viable cell count true analyst analyst ID analyst id analyst identifier operator 2020-03-09 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] Analyst is measurement metadata about the name or identifier of a person that has the role of an analyst in the measurement. [Allotrope] analyst measurement metadata Measurement metadata is a facet that is part of a information content entity about a measurement that is about the context of the measurement, but not directly about the measurement result or a measurement parameter. [Allotrope] measurement metadata true sample identifier sample ID sample id Sample id is a measurement metadata that identifies a sample being measured. [Allotrope] sample identifier true equipment serial number device serial number instrument serial number machine serial number 2020-03-23 Add alt labels. [Allotrope] 2020-03-23 Subclassed under device identifier. [Allotrope] Equipment serial number is a serial number that identifies an equipment used in the measuring by its serial number. [Allotrope] equipment serial number true batch identifier batch ID batch id lot ID lot id lot identifier 2020-06-15 Removed measurement metadata superclass and generalized the definition. [Allotrope] A batch identifier is an identifier that identifies a batch. [Allotrope] A batch identifier is used to reference the batch where a sample is taken from for being measured. In this case it is a measurement metadata. [Allotrope] batch identifier true measurement identifier measurement id run id run identifier Measurement id is measurement metadata that identifies the measuring run. [Allotrope] measurement identifier true sampling specification A sampling specification is an action specification of the way a sampling is done. [Allotrope] sampling specification pCO2 (bga) pCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide pCO2 is a blood gas result datum that quantifies the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in solution. [Allotrope] pCO2 (bga) pO2 (bga) pO2 partial pressure of oxygen pO2 is a blood gas result datum that quantifies the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in the blood. [Allotrope] pO2 (bga) pH pH (datum) pondus hydrogenii pH (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, defined as the decadic logarithm of the reciprocal activity of hydrogen ions. [Allotrope] pH PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) absorbance absorbance (datum) Absorbance is a quantity facet that quantifies the absorbance as logarithm to the base 10 (linear absorbance) of the incident (prior to absorption) spectral radiant power, divided by the transmitted spectral radiant power. [IUPAC] absorbance acquisition time The acquisition time is the time when a signal is captured. [Allotrope] acquisition time wavelength wavelength (datum) A wavelength is a facet that quantifies a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. [Allotrope] wavelength true peak identifier peak ID peak id 2020-03-09 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] 2024-06-16 Subclassed under new data region identifier term. [Allotrope] A peak identifier is an identifier that identifies a peak. [Allotrope] peak identifier relative peak area peak area (relative) 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the area of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope] relative peak area peak name 2024-06-16 Added new parent term. [Allotrope] A peak name is a written name that denotes some peak. [Allotrope] peak name peak index A peak index is an index that denotes a peak in a list of peaks. [Allotrope] peak index https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal noise An information content entity that describes the unwanted random and systematic fluctuations to the signal that limit the ability to detect a signal contribution of interest. [Allotrope] noise peak analyte amount 2020-03-20 Added superclass quality quantification facet. [Allotrope] A peak facet that quantitates the amount of analyte attributed to the peak based on a calibration curve, response factor or other quantitative formula. [Allotrope] peak analyte amount relative peak analyte amount A peak facet that denotes the amount of analyte ascribed to a the peak relative to the amount of some other analyte or summation of analytes. [Allotrope] relative peak analyte amount peak polarity A peak facet that indicates whether the response curve of the peak is above or below the signal baseline. [Allotrope] peak polarity relative retention time 2020-03-20 Added quantification facet superclass. [Allotrope] A chromatography peak facet that denotes the retention time of the peak relative to some other specified reference peak. [Allotrope] relative retention time unadjusted relative retention A relative retention time that quantitates the ratio of the retention time of the peak relative to some other specified reference peak. [Allotrope] unadjusted relative retention adjusted relative retention A relative retention time that quantitates the ratio of the adjusted retention time (corrected for hold-up time) of the peak relative to the adjusted retention time of some reference peak. [Allotrope] adjusted relative retention true chromatography peak facet A chromatography peak facet is a facet of a chromatography peak. [Allotrope] chromatography peak facet peak start 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope] peak start peak value at start 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope] peak value at start peak end 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope] peak end peak value at end 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope] peak value at end peak baseline start code A peak facet that describes the peak start boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope] peak baseline start code peak baseline end code A peak facet that describes the peak end boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope] peak baseline end code baseline value at start of peak 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak start time. [Allotrope] baseline value at start of peak baseline value at end of peak 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak end time. [Allotrope] baseline value at end of peak peak point 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] A peak point is a data region point that is a member of a peak. [Allotrope] peak point 2D-data point 2020-04-28 Moved to AFO for single inheritence in AFT. [Allotrope] A 2D-data point is a data point in 2-dimensional space. [Allotrope] 2D-data point 3D-data point 2020-04-28 Moved to AFO for single inheritence in AFT. [Allotrope] A 3D-data point is a data point in 3-dimensional space. [Allotrope] 3D-data point peak start point 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] The peak start point is the data point of the peak with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope] peak start point peak end point 2024-06-16 Changed parent term. [Allotrope] The peak end point is the data point of the peak with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope] peak end point true peak maximum point The peak maximum point is the data point of the peak with the largest ordinate value. [Allotrope] peak maximum point tuple item tuple element tuple object A tuple item is an object in a tuple. [Allotrope] tuple item signal-to-noise ratio A peak facet that ratios the peak height value with background level of noise. It is an indication of the sensitivity of a particular method toward the analyte that the peak represents. [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio signal-to-noise ratio (RMS) A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the Root Mean Square noise method. [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio (RMS) signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, EP 2.2.46) signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, JP-G20) signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, USP 621) 2019-09-26 Removed alt labels, now their own subclasses. [Allotrope] A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the peak-to-peak noise method. This includes JP-G20 (measured over optimally 20 X peak width at half height but at least 5 times the peak width at half height), EP 2.2.46 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height), USP 621 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height). [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) signal-to-noise ratio (ASTM E1657-98) A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the ASTM E1657-98 method. [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio (ASTM E1657-98) peak resolution A peak facet that measures the degree of separation between the peak and another specified peak. [Allotrope] peak resolution peak minimum point The peak minimum point is the data point of the peak with the smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope] peak minimum point peak extremum point The peak extremum point is the data point of the peak with the largest or smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope] peak extremum point statistical population population population (statistics) 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope] In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of existing objects or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia] statistical population statistical sample set statistical sample 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope] A statistical sample set is a description of a subset of the statistical population, that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia] statistical sample set partition A partition is a collection that is an aggregate part of a larger collection. Each member of the partition is also a member of the larger collection. [Allotrope] partition descriptive statistic 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope] A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia] descriptive statistic summary datum aggregate facet summary facet A summary datum is a facet of a collection that is about summary information about features of the members of the collection, such as descriptive statistics in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible. [Allotrope] maximum height of a peak - peak is a collection of peak points, peak height is a facet of each peak point. summary datum true position The position is the location of a physical entity. [Allotrope] Geolocation expressed as geographic coordinates Position expressed with respect to a given coordinate system at some time t. Position of a vial on a tray expressed as indexed number. position true calibration point 2018-07-23 Replaced deprecated af-p:AFP_0001083 2019-08-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2019-08-19 Moved under data point. [Allotrope] 2020-04-28 Add subclass of calibration result. A calibration point is a single calibration result at a specific test point (one or more reference values). [Allotrope] In pH calibration a point with a set pH and buffer solution. calibration point true formulation description composition formulation The formulation of a material is a data object that describes its composition of ingredients. [Allotrope] formulation description baseline blank reading 2020-12-11 Add label. [Allotrope] An information content entity that describes the background (offset) component of a signal not due to the analyte (peak) of interest. [Allotrope] baseline PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) baseline (chromatography) baseline The portion of the chromatogram recording the detector response when only the mobile phase emerges from the column. [IUPAC] baseline (chromatography) term granularity Term granularity relates an entity to an instance of granularity that describes the level of granularity that a term belongs to. [Allotrope] A vial is a container that exists in macroscopic scale. term granularity chromatographic peak resolution A chromatographic peak facet that quantitates the degree of separation between two peaks of a chromatogram. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution chromatographic peak resolution using baseline peak widths chromatographic peak resolution by USP <621> using widths at baseline chromatographic peak resolution calculated by the ASTM method Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated by the USP <621> method using peak widths measured at the baseline. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution using baseline peak widths chromatographic peak resolution using peak width at half-height chromatographic peak resolution by USP using widths at half-height chromatographic peak resolution calculated by EP chromatographic peak resolution calculated by JP-27 Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated using peak widths measured at the half height. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution using peak width at half-height chromatographic peak resolution using statistical moments Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated based on peak widths derived from the second statistical moment (peak variance). [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution using statistical moments capacity factor (chromatography) capacity ratio mass distribution ratio partition ratio retention factor The capacity factor is a chromatography peak facet that is a measure of the time the sample component resides in the stationary phase relative to the time it resides in the mobile phase: it expresses how much longer a sample component is retarded by the stationary phase than it would take to travel through the column with the velocity of the mobile phase. [IUPAC] capacity factor (chromatography) peak selectivity (chromatography) peak selectivity A chromatography peak facet that denotes the ratio of the peak's capacity factor to that of another specified peak. [Allotrope] peak selectivity (chromatography) chromatographic peak asymmetry factor tailing factor 2022-012-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A chromatographic peak asymmetry factor is a chromatography peak facet that is equivalent to the ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its trailing edge to that of its fronting edge at a specified peak height. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak asymmetry factor asymmetry factor measured at 5 % height asymmetry factor by EP asymmetry factor by JP-27 asymmetry factor measured at 5 percent height asymmetry factor measured at 5% height tailing factor by USP <621> method A quantitative asymmetry factor using 5% peak height. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor measured at 5 % height statistical skew (chromatography) statistical skew A quantitative asymmetry factor using the third statistical moment calculated from the peak. [Allotrope] statistical skew (chromatography) number of theoretical plates (chromatography) number of theoretical plates A chromatography peak facet that measures the amount of band broadening that occurs during the separation and thus the efficiency of the chromatographic system. [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates (chromatography) number of theoretical plates by tangent method number of theoretical plates by ASTM number of theoretical plates by USP method The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the peak width measured at the baseline. [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates by tangent method number of theoretical plates by peak width at half height number of theoretical plates by EP method number of theoretical plates by JP method The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the peak width measured at half height. [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates by peak width at half height autosampler setting (chromatography) autosampler setting 2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope] A parameter specification specific to the sampler device in the chromatography system. [Allotrope] autosampler setting (chromatography) control setting control parameter A control setting is a setting that controls how a process is executed by some system. [Allotrope] control setting alert setting alert parameter An alert setting is a setting that specifies conditions and situations that trigger alerts during the operation of a device. [Allotrope] maximum environment humidity maximum pressure of the fluid for a plumbing system minimum environment temperature for operation alert setting detector setting A detector setting is a setting that specifies a detector configuration. [Allotrope] detector setting electronic absorbance detector setting An electronic absorbance detector setting is a setting that specifies a device configuration of an electronic absorbance detector. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance detector setting detector offset setting A detector offset setting is a detector setting parameter that adds the specified value to its output signal. It is often used to avoid negative signal values. [Allotrope] detector offset setting detector sampling rate setting acquisition rate detection sampling rate detector rate setting sampling frequency sampling rate sampling rate setting A detector sampling rate setting is a detector setting parameter that specifies the rate at which the detector changes its output signal. It is limited by the actual physical/chemical process of detection and the detector electronics. Often the sample rate is set lower than the maximum sampling rate so that adjacent data points can be averaged to provide better signal to noise. [Allotrope] detector sampling rate setting electronic absorbance reference bandwidth setting detector reference bandwidth setting An electronic absorbance reference bandwidth setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the bandwidth of the reference signal that is subtracted from a particular signal of the device in order to compensate for background signal and noise. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance reference bandwidth setting electronic absorbance reference wavelength setting detector reference wavelength setting An electronic absorbance reference wavelength setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the nominal reference wavelength of the reference signal that is subtracted from a particular signal of the device in order to compensate for background signal and noise. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance reference wavelength setting electronic absorbance bandwidth setting detector bandwidth setting An electronic absorbance bandwidth setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be measured by the device. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance bandwidth setting electronic absorbance wavelength setting detector wavelength setting An electronic absorbance wavelength setting that is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the nominal wavelength of a particular signal to be measured by the device. [Allotrope] electronic absorbance wavelength setting true temperature setting temperature parameter 2018-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2018-12-10 Make a defined class. [Allotrope] 2018-12-10 Move from AFT to AFO. [Allotrope] 2019-07-04 Changed to more verbose definition. [Allotrope] A temperature setting is a setting that specifies some temperature configuration of a temperature controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target temperature at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] temperature setting function (math) formula function function (mathematics) 2018-12-19 Added alt label. [Allotrope] A function is a process or a relation that associates each element x of a set X, the domain of the function, to a single element y of another set Y (possibly the same set), the codomain of the function. [Wikipedia] function (math) product manufacturer equipment manufacturer manufacturer A product manufacturer is a symbol that denotes the organizational entity manufacturing some entity with a product role (economic). [Allotrope] product manufacturer firmware version A firmware version is a version number that identifies the firmware of a device. [Allotrope] firmware version firmware In electronic systems and computing, firmware is "the combination of a hardware device, e.g. an integrated circuit, and computer instructions and data that reside as read only software on that device". As a result, firmware usually cannot be modified during normal operation of the device. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches), computers, computer peripherals, mobile phones, and digital cameras. The firmware contained in these devices provides the control program for the device. [Wikipedia] firmware queue In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue. [Wikipedia] queue request queue measurement queue A list used to sequence objects and to line up requests for a resource. [NCI] request queue peak width at baseline The peak width determined at the baseline level. The peak tangents are drawn from the turning points of the leading and trailing edges. Then the points of intersection with the baseline are calculated. The distance between the two points of intersection is the baseline level width. [Allotrope] peak width at baseline peak width at 5 % of height peak width at 5 percent of height peak width at 5% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 5 % of its peak height. [Allotrope] peak width at 5 % of height peak width at half height The peak width calculated at half of the peak height. [Allotrope] peak width at half height autosampler injection volume setting (chromatography) autosampler injection volume setting injection volume injection volume setting An autosampler parameter specification that specifies the volume of sample the autosampler is to inject into the mobile phase for separation. [Allotrope] autosampler injection volume setting (chromatography) pump setting (chromatography) pump parameter setting 2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope] A parameter specification specific to the pump device in the chromatography system. [Allotrope] pump setting (chromatography) pump mobile phase ratio setting (chromatography) 2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope] A pump parameter specification that specifies the mobile phase ratio in the eluent. [Allotrope] pump mobile phase ratio setting (chromatography) pump flow rate setting (chromatography) 2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope] A pump parameter specification that specifies the total flow rate of the combined mobile phases (eluent). [Allotrope] pump flow rate setting (chromatography) true standard norm A standard is a norm or requirement that is established for technical systems. [Wikipedia] standard classification datum classification facet type datum type facet 2020-12-01 Add alt labels. [Allotrope] A classification datum is a facet that classifies some entity. [Allotrope] classification datum true class datum class facet 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] A type datum is a classification datum that classifies a thing as an instance of an RDFS class. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] Textual definition only to avoid owl:full. class datum true concept datum concept facet 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] A concept datum is a classification datum that classifies a thing by a SKOS concept. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] concept datum true code classification datum code datum 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] A classification datum that classifies things by a code in a codelist. [Allotrope] code classification datum blood gas analysis result datum bga result datum bga result facet blood gas analysis result facet blood gas measurement datum blood gas measurement facet A blood gas analysis result datum is a facet that is part a blood gas analysis result. [Allotrope] blood gas analysis result datum type specification A type specification is a specification of a collection of things by the members of that collection being classified as instance of a class or concept, often with additional constraints. [Allotrope] a SHACL node shape. the humans that live in Berlin. type specification property specification attribute specification characteristic specification feature specification A property specification is a specification about a feature, property, attribute or characteristic. The specification defines constraints on it, such as being an instance of a specific class. [Allotrope] a SHACL property shape property specification scalar float datum A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE single precision datum (xsd:float). [Allotrope] scalar float datum fax number fax A number for calling a fax system. [Allotrope] fax number Skype identifier Skype ID Skype id 2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope] A Skype ID is an online account on the Skype system. [Allotrope] Skype identifier honorific suffix An honorific prefix is a facet that is part of a suffix to a person's name. [Allotrope] honorific suffix account An account describes authority and authorization to access resources on a system. [Allotrope] account online account identifier online account ID online account id 2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope] An account that is accessible via remote access. [Allotrope] online account identifier OpenID identifier OpenID OpenID id 2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope] OpenID is an identifier following the OpenID specification. [Allotrope] OpenID identifier gender The gender facet relates a human to a string representing its gender. [Allotrope] In most cases the value will be the string 'female' or 'male' (in lowercase without surrounding quotes or spaces). Like all FOAF properties, there is in general no requirement to use gender in any particular document or description. Values other than 'male' and 'female' may be used, but are not enumerated here. The gender mechanism is not intended to capture the full variety of biological, social and sexual concepts associated with the word 'gender'. [FoaF] gender geolocation global positioning A facet denoting a geographic position. [Allotrope] geolocation region name A region name is a location facet that denotes a geographic region (state, province). [Allotrope] region name birthday birth date A birthday is a facet indicating the day of birth of a person. [Allotrope] birthday decision A decision is a proposition that is a choice made from a set of alternative propositions. [Allotrope] decision vector decimal datum decimal vector A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only decimal scalar components. [Allotrope] vector decimal datum vector floating point number datum floating point vector A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only floating point scalar components. [Allotrope] vector floating point number datum vector float datum float vector A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE single precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope] vector float datum vector double datum double vector A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE double precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope] vector double datum plumbing maximum pressure maximum pressure plumbing pressure upper limit pressure upper limit 2019-09-20 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2020-09-24 Changed alt labels. [Allotrope] The pressure limit is a specification of the maximum pressure that the plumbing system can operate with. [Allotrope] plumbing maximum pressure true plan specification method plan procedure recipe 2020-05-11 Added alt labels method and procedure. [Allotrope] A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. [IAO] To lose weight, go running daily for at least 30 minutes. To isolate plasma from blood, centrifuge tubes at 1100-1300 rpm for 15 minutes. [IAO] plan specification true start command begin begin command start A start command is a process command that orders the procedural element to begin executing the normal RUNNING logic. This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the IDLE state. [Allotrope] start command setting A setting is a specification about a configuration of some controllable system or a situation occurring in a system that triggers a reaction. [Allotrope] A maximum pressure in a plumbing system that triggers a warning. A temperature that is that target temperature setting of a thermostat. setting nick name 2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope] The nick name is a written name of person that is a substitute for the proper name of a familiar person, place, or thing - commonly used for affection. [Wikipedia] nick name statistical method sampling method statistical specification A statistics method is a specification (method) for sampling a population, quantification of qualities of the samples and applying statistics on the quantified qualities to produce summary information on the population. [Allotrope] statistical method role class datum role datum 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope] A role class datum is a classification datum that classifies an entity by the role or contextual role class it plays in the context of the classification datum. [Allotrope] role class datum scalar boolean datum boolean boolean datum boolean value A scalar datum that has a boolean value. [Allotrope] scalar boolean datum scalar string datum scalar text datum string string datum string value A scalar datum that has a textual value. [Allotrope] scalar string datum scalar timestamp datum scalar datetime datum timestamp timestamp datum timestamp value A scalar datum that has a timestamp (xsd:dateTime) literal value. [Allotrope] scalar timestamp datum scalar URI datum URI URI datum URI value A scalar datum that has a URI as value. [Allotrope] The URI value is here a literal represented by xsd:anyURI datatype. It is not an RDF resource reference. [Allotrope] scalar URI datum vector boolean datum boolean vector boolean vector datum boolean vector value A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only boolean scalar components. [Allotrope] vector boolean datum vector string datum string vector string vector datum A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only string scalar components. [Allotrope] vector string datum vector timestamp datum datetime vector datetime vector datum timestamp vector timestamp vector datum vector datetime datum A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only timestamp scalar components. [Allotrope] vector timestamp datum vector URI datum URI vector URI vector datum A vector URI datum is a vector datum that has only URI scalar components. [Allotrope] vector URI datum baseline point baseline data point A baseline point is a data point that is member of a baseline. [Allotrope] baseline point baseline start point The baseline start point is the data point of the baseline with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope] baseline start point true baseline end point The baseline end point is the data point of the baseline with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope] baseline end point baseline facet A baseline facet is a facet that is part of a baseline. [Allotrope] baseline facet baseline start A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope] baseline start baseline end A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope] baseline end baseline value at start A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope] baseline value at start baseline value at end A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope] baseline value at end setting snapshot 2020-12-04 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A setting snapshot is a setting for a specific point in time. [Allotrope] The setting can be a collection of subsettings. setting snapshot three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum 3D UV spectrum 3D UV spectrum (abs. over wavelength and time) UV spectra UV spectrum three dimensional ultraviolet spectrum ultra-violet spectra ultra-violet spectrum ultraviolet spectra ultraviolet spectrum A plot of absorbance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope] three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum high-performance liquid chromatography system method A high-performance liquid chromatography system method is a device method that specifies how an HPLC system should be operated. [Allotrope] high-performance liquid chromatography system method value specification A value specification is a specification about constraints on the values of parameters or properties. [Allotrope] The value can be an explicit value, a range of allowed values and the specification can have also pre conditions when the value specification applies. [Allotrope] value specification washing repetition setting 2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope] 2020-05-11 Fixed definition. [Allotrope] Washing repetition setting is a setting that sets the number of repetitions of the washing. [Allotrope] washing repetition setting washing duration setting 2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope] Washing duration setting is a setting that sets the duration of the washing. [Allotrope] washing duration setting washing vial position setting 2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope] Washing vial position setting is a setting that sets the position of the washing vial. [Allotrope] washing vial position setting washing solvent type 2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope] Washing solvent type is a setting that sets the type of washing solvent to use. [Allotrope] washing solvent type autosampler temperature setting 2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope] An autosampler temperature setting is a setting that sets the temperature within the autosampler. [Allotrope] autosampler temperature setting detector scan range setting scan range setting A detector scan range setting is a detector setting that sets the wavelength range of scans as well as the increment between different scans. [Allotrope] A scan range from 280 to 700 nm with an increment of 2 nm from one scan to the next. detector scan range setting state specification status specification A state specification is a specification about a state that will be realized in some possible future occurrence. [Allotrope] A specification about a device running, or pausing. state specification time trigger specification A trigger specification that specifies a trigger that triggers after a certain period of time. [Allotrope] time trigger specification event specification An event specification is a specification about a point in time when a specific situation is realized or at process boundary. [Allotrope] event specification maximum flow rate change setting maximum flow gradient pump maximum flow rate change setting Maximum flow rate change setting is a control setting that sets the maximum rate at which the pump is allowed to change the % of solvents being flowed. [Allotrope] maximum flow rate change setting class coordination concept coordination coordination term coordination A class coordination is a facet of a definition of a class that expresses some differentia. [Allotrope] class coordination label coordination A label coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class of individuals that are denoted by a common label. [Allotrope] Channel A is a channel that has a label coordination with value 'A'. label coordination end event specification An end event specification is an event specification that is about the end of some process. [Allotrope] end event specification start event specification A start event specification is an event specification that is about the start of some process. [Allotrope] start event specification true device method instrument method A device method is a plan specification that specifies how some process is to be executed on a device. [Allotrope] device method true parallel procedure specification A parallel procedure specification is a procedure specification having a set of activity specifications, that are to be realized in parallel. [Allotrope] parallel procedure specification flow specification A flow specification is a specification on how material or information is transferred or exchanged between subsequent activities. It links activity specifications using the direction contextual roles 'to role' and 'from role'. [Allotrope] flow specification material flow specification A material flow specification is a flow specification about material transfers between processes. [Allotrope] A material produced in a preparation activity is consumed in the next step. A procedure specification of this process contains a material flow specification linking the preparation activity with the consumption activity. [Allotrope] material flow specification data flow specification information flow specification A data flow specification is a flow specification about how information is exchanged between processes. [Allotrope] data flow specification definition A definition is a proposition that succinctly characterizes an entity. [Allotrope] definition subject coordination aboutness coordination A subject coordination is a class coordination of a subclass of information content entity with the subject the class is about. [Allotrope] subject coordination role coordination A role coordination is a class coordination of a class with the class of general role its instances have. [Allotrope] A reference column is a class of columns that have an reference role. [Allotrope] role coordination material coordination A material coordination is a class coordination of a subclass of material. [Allotrope] material coordination ingredient coordination component coordination material component coordination 2021-09-17 Fix example, alt label, definition. [Allotrope] An ingredient coordination is a material coordination that coordinates a material class with its ingredients (components) (of the same level of granularity). [Allotrope] Hydrochloric acid solution is a solution coordinated with its component compounds water and hydrochloric acid. [Allotrope] ingredient coordination substance coordination A substance coordination is a material coordination that coordinates the material class with the class of its granular parts of molecular scope. [Allotrope] Potion of water is a compound with a substance coordination to water (molecules). [Allotrope] substance coordination index coordination An index coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class of individuals that are denoted by a common index. [Allotrope] Column 1 index coordination bearer coordination inherence coordination A bearer coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a specifically dependent continuant class of individuals with the bearer that inheres it. [Allotrope] Column temperature is a coordination of the quality temperature with column. bearer coordination specification coordination A specification coordination is a subject coordination of a subclass of directive information class. [Allotrope] Volume concentration setting is a setting that specifies the volume concentration. specification coordination statistic coordination A statistic coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a statistic contextual role. [Allotrope] statistic coordination member coordination A member coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a collection class with the class of its members. [Allotrope] member coordination feature coordination A feature coordination is a class coordination that coordinates with a quality or facet class that exists in all members of a collection. [Allotrope] Average cell diameter is a coordination of 'cell' which is the member class of the population, the feature 'diameter' and the statistic 'arithmetic mean'. feature coordination chromatography system setting A parameter specification specific to a chromatography system. [Allotrope] chromatography system setting injection volume setting The injection volume setting is an injection setting that specifies the volume of the fluid to be injected. [Allotrope] injection volume setting pump setting A pump setting is a setting that specifies some configuration of a pump. [Allotrope] pump setting true injection setting injection setting datum injector setting injector setting datum An injection setting is a setting that specifies an injection setting configuration of an injection device. [Allotrope] injection setting plumbing setting A plumbing setting is a setting that specifies a configuration of a plumbing system. [Allotrope] plumbing setting plumbing flow rate setting flow rate setting 2019-09-20 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A flow rate setting is a plumbing setting that specifies the flow rate through the plumbing. [Allotrope] plumbing flow rate setting quality quantification facet A quality quantification facet is a quantification facet that is a data output of some measurement and quantifies some measured quality. [Allotrope] quality quantification facet temperature temperature (datum) A temperature (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some temperature. [Allotrope] temperature osmolality osmolality (datum) A osmolality (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some osmolality. [Allotrope] osmolality PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric conductivity conductivity conductivity (datum) electric conductivity (datum) Electrical conductivity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of resistivity in a conductor. [IUPAC] electric conductivity relative intensity relative intensity (datum) relative response function relative signal intensity Relative intensity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the relative magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope] relative intensity PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981)) Raman intensity intensity Raman intensity is the intensity of a Raman signal. [Allotrope] Raman intensity PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981)) Raman interferogram intensity intensity interferogram intensity Raman interferogram intensity is the intensity of the Raman interferogram signal. [Allotrope] Raman interferogram intensity PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981)) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy Raman wavenumber shift Raman shift is the difference in wavenumbers between the observed Raman radiation and that of the excitation source. [Allotrope] Raman wavenumber shift wavenumber wavenumber datum Wavenumber (datum) is a quantity facet that is the reciprocal of the wavelength or the number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. [Allotrope] wavenumber Raman spectrometer setting A Raman spectrometer setting is a setting for a Raman spectrometer or its components. [Allotrope] Raman spectrometer setting PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981)) excitation laser wavelength setting (Raman) excitation laser wavelength laser wavelength The excitation laser wavelength setting is the wavelength of the laser beam used for the Raman excitation of the sample. [Allotrope] excitation laser wavelength setting (Raman) PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981)) excitation laser power setting excitation laser power laser power The excitation laser power setting is the power of the laser beam used for exciting the sample. [Allotrope] excitation laser power setting dark background correction active dark background correction (primary) Dark background correction enabled is a setting for a Raman detector that controls whether compensation for background signals without illumination is active. [Allotrope] dark background correction active Raman spectrum data cube Raman spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an Raman spectrum. [Allotrope] Raman spectrum data cube Raman interferogram data cube Raman interferogram data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an Raman interferogram. [Allotrope] Raman interferogram data cube interferogram An interferogram is a data distribution function of interference between a reference wave and an experimental wave produced by an interferometer. [Allotrope] interferogram Raman interferogram A Raman interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope] Raman interferogram Raman interferogram time interferogram time time Raman interferogram time is time used as abscissa of an Raman interferogram. [Allotrope] Raman interferogram time true analysis assay result The analysis assay result is the assay result of an analysis assay. [Allotrope] analysis assay result true analysis assay result facet An analysis assay result facet is a facet of an analysis assay result. [Allotrope] analysis assay result facet analyte name substance name The analyte name is a name of a material that has the role of an analyte in an analysis assay. [Allotrope] analyte name method name plan specification name recipe name A method name is a name that denotes a plan specification (method). [Allotrope] method name top identified substance The top identified substance is an analysis assay result facet that denotes the substance (class of materials) that has been identified by the analysis and ranked top in some measure of hit quality. [Allotrope] top identified substance hit quality index HQI The hit quality index is a measure how well the spectrum measured compares against a reference spectra of a search database. [Allotrope] hit quality index fingerprinting result facet A fingerprinting result facet is a facet that is the result of a fingerprinting process. [Allotrope] fingerprinting result facet fingerprinting parameter A fingerprinting parameter is a datum that is has a parameter role in some fingerprinting process. [Allotrope] fingerprinting parameter hit quality index margin HQI margin The hit quality index margin is a permitted hit quality index margin in either way (+/-) to account for noise and error. [Allotrope] hit quality index margin hit quality index threshold HQI threshold The hit quality index threshold is a specification of a minimal hit quality index value for accepting positive match of the matched spectrum against the library spectrum. [Allotrope] hit quality index threshold analyte hit quality index analyte HQI substance HQI substance hit quality index The analyte hit quality index is hit quality index of the measured spectrum of the analyte against a spectrum library. [Allotrope] analyte hit quality index spectrum library name A spectrum library name is a name that denotes a library of spectra used for substance identification by fingerprinting. [Allotrope] spectrum library name library search upper limit The library search upper limit is an upper limit on the abscissa values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope] library search upper limit library search lower limit The library search lower limit is a lower limit on the abscissa values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope] library search lower limit library search start wavenumber library search lower wavenumber limit The library search start wavenumber is a lower limit on the wavenumber values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope] library search start wavenumber library search stop wavenumber library search upper wavenumber limit The library search stop wavenumber is an upper limit on the wavenumber values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope] library search stop wavenumber International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012 resolution Resolution is a description of the smallest change in a quality being measured by a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope] resolution calibration time calibration date A calibration time is a time that indicates when a calibration is done. [Allotrope] calibration time inclusive gateway An inclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple activity successors. The process forks into each succeeding activity of the inclusive gateway where the guard condition is true. [Allotrope] inclusive gateway exclusive gateway An exclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple conditional activity successors and an optional default transition. The guard conditions on the successors are checked and at most one of them must be true at the runtime. If no guard condition is met then the optional default transition is done or the process terminates. [Allotrope] exclusive gateway delay time offset A delay is a process property that describes a difference in time between a process boundary and some other point in time. [Allotrope] delay stop command end end command stop A stop command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the stopping logic. [Allotrope] This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused, holding, held, or restarting state. [ISA-88] stop command pause command pause wait wait command A pause command is a process command that orders the procedural element to pause at the next programmed pause transition within its sequencing logic and await a resume command before proceeding. [Allotrope] This command is only valid in the running state. [ISA-88] pause command restart command restart A restart command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the restarting logic to safely return to the running state. [Allotrope] This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the held state. [ISA-88] restart command abort command abort An abort command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute an aborting logic. [Allotrope] The command is valid in every state except for idle, completed, aborting and aborted. [ISA-88] abort command hold command hold A hold command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the holding logic. [Allotrope] This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused or restarting state. [ISA-88] hold command reset command reset A reset command is a process command that causes a transition to the idle state. [Allotrope] This command is valid from the complete, aborted, and stopped states. [ISA-88] reset command resume command resume A resume command is a process command that orders a procedural element that has paused at a programmed transition as the result of either a pause command or a single step mode to resume execution. [Allotrope] This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the paused state. [ISA-88] resume command temporal coordination A temporal coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a temporal aspect. [Allotrope] temporal coordination topological coordination A topological coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a topological aspect. [Allotrope] left, right, top, bottom topological coordination true control command set command A control command is an action specification that specifies a setting to be set by a controlling process. [Allotrope] control command part specification A part specification is a specification about parthood. Targets of this specifications are parts of some whole. [Allotrope] part specification ingredient specification An ingredient specification is a part specification about ingredients in a portion of mixed materials. [Allotrope] ingredient specification member specification item specification A member specification is a part specification about members of a collection or an object aggregate. [Allotrope] member specification component specification A component specification is a part specification about the components of a system. [Allotrope] component specification grain specification A grain specification is a part specification about the granular parts of a whole. [Allotrope] grain specification facet specification A facet specification is a part specifications about some facet of an information content entity. [Allotrope] facet specification value in range condition A condition that is fulfilled if a given value falls into a given range of values. [Allotrope] value in range condition boolean condition flag flag (condition) switch 2020-12-04 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A condition that is fulfilled if a given boolean value is equal to the specified boolean value. [Allotrope] boolean condition autosampler injection trigger enable setting analysis enable cooler with range enable Autosampler injection trigger enable setting is a setting that activates or deactivates triggering of injection based on a specified temperature range. [Allotrope] Cooler (with range) can be enabled in order to trigger injection once autosampler temperature has reached a certain value. Enabling the setting also involves activation of the cooler. autosampler injection trigger enable setting autosampler injection trigger temperature setting Autosampler injection trigger temperature setting is a setting that specifies the temperature range for triggering injection. [Allotrope] autosampler injection trigger temperature setting tolerance range accepted deviation allowed deviation tolerance Range of values of allowed deviation for a given value. [Allotrope] Tolerance range of +/- 1 °C of a temperature value. tolerance range detection duration setting A detection duration setting is a setting specifies the total duration of a detection process. [Allotrope] detection duration setting true pump system method 2020-03-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A pump system method is a device method that specifies how pumping should be executed in a pump system. [Allotrope] pump system method diode array detector method DAD method A diode array detector method is a device method specifies how a detection is executed on a diode array detector. [Allotrope] diode array detector method autosampler method 2020-01-06 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2020-03-04 Subclassed under device method. [Allotrope] An autosampler method is a device method that specifies how a sampling process should be executed on an autosampler. [Allotrope] autosampler method LC-UV system method instrument method A plan specification that specifies an LC-UV system process. [Allotrope] LC-UV system method mobile phase delivery duration setting Mobile phase delivery duration setting is a chromatography system setting that sets the total duration of mobile phase delivery. [Allotrope] mobile phase delivery duration setting autosampler duration setting Autosampler duration setting is a setting that sets the total duration of an autosampler process. [Allotrope] autosampler duration setting state condition status condition A condition that is fulfilled if a specified situation occurs. [Allotrope] state condition true volume setting A volume setting is a setting that specifies some volume configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the volume of some material at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] volume setting true concentration ratio setting A concentration ratio setting is a setting that specifies some concentration ratio configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the concentration ratio of a mixture at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] concentration ratio setting true flow rate setting A flow rate setting is a setting that specifies some flow rate configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the flow rate at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] flow rate setting mass concentration density mass concentration (datum) 2020-05-11 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A mass concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] mass concentration formula (math) formula formula (mathematics) A formula is a notation of a term, fact, rule or function expressed in terms of mathematical symbols. [Allotrope] formula (math) diagnostic trace diagnostic profile A diagnostic trace is a data distribution function that records the output of some diagnostic monitoring process over time. [Allotrope] diagnostic trace polarity polarity (datum) Polarity is a quality quantification facet that describes the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope] polarity polarity code A polarity code is a code that indicates a polarity. [Allotrope] polarity code integration time The integration time is the time when the integration of signals is done in a measurement system. [Allotrope] integration time number of averages The number of averages is the number of individual values taken for calculating a mean value. [Allotrope] number of averages number of measurement averages The number of measurement averages is the number of averages of sub measurement results taken to produce an average measurement result. [Allotrope] number of measurement averages apodization (Raman) apodization apodization filter apodization method Apodization (Raman) is the name of a filter method used in the data apodization of FT Raman spectra. [Allotrope] apodization (Raman) Raman spectroscopy parameter Raman parameter A Raman spectroscopy parameter is a parameter that controls a Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope] Raman spectroscopy parameter zero filling factor (Raman) number of zero filling zero filling factor The factor of the size increase by time domain zero padding the Fourier transformation of a Raman spectrum. [Allotrope] zero filling factor (Raman) phase correction (Raman) phase correction Phase correction (Raman) is the name of a method for phase correction used to adjust FT Raman spectra. [Allotrope] phase correction (Raman) repetition setting A repetition setting is a control setting that specifies the number of times an action is to be repeated. [Allotrope] repetition setting frit size Frit size is a column specification that indicates the nominal size of pores in a frit designed to exclude particles larger than the specified size. [Allotrope] frit size brand name A brand name is a marketed name given by a maker of a product to a product or class of products, especially a trademark. [Allotrope] brand name part number 2021-08-30 Subclassed under classification datum [Allotrope] The part number is a model number of a class of device parts, specified by the device manufacturer. [Allotrope] part number person facet A person facet is a facet that describes of a person's name or parts of it. [Allotrope] person facet flag (setting) activation switch boolean setting flag switch switch setting A flag is a setting that allows switching a configuration on or off. [Allotrope] flag (setting) baseline at start of integration setting (chromatography) baseline at start of integration setting baseline now force baseline Baseline at start of integration setting is a data processing setting that sets the ordinate value at the start of the integration baseline to the the value of the signal at the time indicated. [Allotrope] baseline at start of integration setting (chromatography) peak end setting (chromatography) force split peak peak end setting split peak Peak end setting is a data processing setting that sets the peak end to the value of the abscissa at the time indicated. [Allotrope] peak end setting (chromatography) baseline boundary setting (chromatography) baseline boundary setting force valley baselines Baseline boundary setting is a data processing setting that sets the ordinate values at the boundaries of the baseline of integration to the actual signal values at the peak start and peak end. [Allotrope] baseline boundary setting (chromatography) integration with peak detection enabled setting (chromatography) enable integration integration on/off integration with peak detection enabled setting 2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope] Integration with peak detection enabled setting is a data processing setting that allows the integration process to detect peaks for the time period specified. [Allotrope] integration with peak detection enabled setting (chromatography) negative peak detection enabled setting (chromatography) enable negative peak detection negative peak detection enabled setting negative peaks on/off 2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope] Negative peak detection enabled is a data processing setting that allows peaks to be detected below the baseline for the time specified. [Allotrope] negative peak detection enabled setting (chromatography) area threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography) area reject area threshold for peak integration setting set minimum area Area threshold for peak integration setting is a data processing setting that sets a minimum or maximum area for a peak to be included in the integrated peak list. [Allotrope] area threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography) height threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography) height reject height threshold for peak integration setting set minimum height Height threshold for peak integration setting is a data processing setting that sets a minimum or maximum height for a peak to be included in the integrated peak list. [Allotrope] height threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography) expected average peak width setting (chromatography) expected average peak width setting peak width set peak width Expected average peak width setting is a data processing setting that indicates a typical peak width for the time period specified. [Allotrope] expected average peak width setting (chromatography) shoulder detection enabled setting (chromatography) detect shoulders on/off enable shoulder detection shoulder detection enabled setting 2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope] Shoulder detection enabled setting is a data processing setting that allows the integration process to interpolate a baseline for the smaller peak of overlapping peaks for the time period specified. [Allotrope] shoulder detection enabled setting (chromatography) step interpolation algorithm A step interpolation algorithm is an interpolation algorithm where two subsequent points are interpolated by a step function that switches from the first ordinate value to the second ordinate value at the center of the abscissa values. [Allotrope] step interpolation algorithm data processing setting A data processing setting is a setting that controls how a data processing process is executed by some system. [Allotrope] data processing setting software version firmware version A version number that identifies software. [Allotrope] software version frequency A frequency is a rate that quantifies the number of occurrences of some discrete event in a given amount of time. [Allotrope] frequency material identifier material id material-id product name A material identifier is a identifier that identifies a material. [Allotrope] material identifier voltage range voltage A voltage range is a quality quantification facet that describes operational range of a voltage measuring device. [Allotrope] voltage range duration setting 2020-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A duration setting is a setting that specifies the duration of a planned process or the duration after which a situation should trigger. [Allotrope] duration setting process quantification facet A process quantification facet is a quantification facet that is the output of some measurement over a process or temporal region. [Allotrope] process quantification facet length Length is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the distance between two points in space. [Allotrope] length correlation coefficient A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. [Wikipedia] correlation coefficient calibration report A calibration report is a description of the outcome of calibration and subsequent assessments and adjustments. [Allotrope] calibration report calibration assessment The calibration assessment is an assessment about the calibrated instrument whether it is within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope] calibration assessment calibration certificate A calibration certificate is a certificate that states that a specific item has been calibrated by some organization. [Allotrope] calibration certificate due date (calibration) due date The due date is a time that specifies when the next calibration run is due. [Allotrope] due date (calibration) calibration interval The calibration interval is the duration between two consecutive calibrations. [Allotrope] calibration interval calibration frequency The calibration frequency is the frequency of how often calibrations are done in a time interval. [Allotrope] calibration frequency calibration assessment code A calibration assessment code is a code indicating a calibration assessment about the performance of an instrument. [Allotrope] calibration assessment code assessment evaluation rating An assessment is a proposition about the judgment on a situation after considering the information known about it. [Allotrope] assessment calibration result A calibration result is a relation between a nominal reference quantity or quantity distribution over time or a sample population and the measure of that quantity or distribution as it is found in the calibration of the instrument. [Allotrope] calibration result volume volume (datum) A volume datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of 3-dimensional space an entity occupies. [Allotrope] volume mass mass (datum) 2020-12-10 Changed restriction. [Allotrope] A mass datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of matter. [Allotrope] mass PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) on page 998 volume fraction A volume fraction datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. [IUPAC] volume fraction measurement function A measurement function is a mathematical function of quantities yielding for one or more input quantity value a corresponding unique output quantity value. [Allotrope] measurement function calibration level The calibration level is number of calibration points used to fit a function to a calibration curve. [Allotrope] calibration level statistical facet A statistical facet is a mathematical facet that is part of some statistics. [Allotrope] statistical facet multiple reaction monitoring transition report MRM transition report A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition report is a report that is summarizing the analysis of a MRM experiment. [Allotrope] multiple reaction monitoring transition report electric current current current (datum) electric current (datum) 2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Current is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the ability to conduct an electrical charge. [PATO] electric current true ion facet ion attribute ion property 2020-05-11 Changed definition and moved under molecular entity facet. [Allotrope] An ion facet is a molecular facet that is about some ion. [Allotrope] ion facet charge state Charge state is a facet that is about the electrical charge of an ion. It is single or multiple and positive or negatively charged. [Allotrope] charge state ion transition multiple reaction monitoring transition transition An ion transition is a description of the transition from precursor ion to product ions. [Allotrope] ion transition A set of two m/z values corresponding to the precursor m/z and a fragment m/z that in combination can be used to identify or quantify a specific ion, although not necessarily uniquely. [PSI/MS] true ion transition list transition list A ion transition list is a collection of ion transitions. [Allotrope] ion transition list G. L. Glish, D. J. Burinsky. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19, 161 (2008). IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979. Compiled by J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, A. M. Ure. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). J. Laskin, J. H. Futrell. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24, 135 (2005). K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 mass resolution Mass resolution is a resolution in a mass spectrum, the observed m/z value divided by the smallest difference Δ(m/z) for two ions that can be separated: (m/z)/Δ(m/z). [IUPAC] mass resolution mass spectrometry system setting A mass spectrometry system setting is a setting that specifies the operation of a mass spectrometry system. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry system setting dwell time The dwell time is a mass spectrometry system setting that specifies the time spent gathering data across a peak. [Allotrope] dwell time m/z mass-to-charge ratio A quantification facet that quantifies the quantity formed by dividing the mass of an ion in unified atomic mass units by its charge number (regardless of sign). [IUPAC] m/z Mass-to-charge ratio is deprecated. Mass-to-charge ratio has been used occasionally for the horizontal axis in a plot of a mass spectrum, although the quantity measured is not the ion's mass divided by its electric charge (SI units kg C-1). [IUPAC] m/z is recommended as an abbreviation to represent the dimensionless quantity that is used almost universally as the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC] qualification A qualification is a proposition that an entity meets the requirements of a specific right or objective. [Allotrope] qualification requirement A requirement is a proposition that states a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled to achieve some specific objective. [Allotrope] requirement The goal can be stated in a prescriptive (laws) or directive (plans) way. [Allotrope] qualifier transition ratio A qualifier transition ratio is a ratio of the magnitudes of the qualifier transition signal to the quantifier transition signal. [Allotrope] qualifier transition ratio measured qualifier transition ratio A measured qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that has the contextual role of a measure. [Allotrope] measured qualifier transition ratio expected qualifier transition ratio An expected qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that has the contextual role of an expected datum. [Allotrope] expected qualifier transition ratio minimum qualifier transition ratio A minimum qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that species a minimum allowed qualified transition ratio. [Allotrope] minimum qualifier transition ratio maximum qualifier transition ratio A maximum qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that species a maximum allowed qualified transition ratio. [Allotrope] maximum qualifier transition ratio transition qualification A transition qualification is a qualification that a measured transition ratio that is consistent with the expected transition ratio. [Allotrope] transition qualification collision energy Collision energy is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the energy for an ion experiencing collision with a stationary gas particle resulting in dissociation of the ion. [PSI/MS] collision energy energy (datum) energy 2020-12-17 Added scope to prefLabel in order to separate from existing duplicate label. [Allotrope] Energy amount is a quantification of the energy quality of a material or the amount of energy. [Allotrope] energy (datum) Energy is a material entity in BFO, so the energy quantification is about is amount quality. Material (matter) can bear energy, in this case it is the quantification of the energy quality. flow rate flow rate (datum) Flow rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the motion of material through a surface per time. [Allotrope] flow rate UNC path uniform naming convention path universal naming convention path An UNC path is a file path for a file location in a network that is specified by the universal naming convention. [Allotrope] \\\\ComputerName\\SharedFolder\\Resource UNC path universal naming convention UNC uniform naming convention The universal naming convention is a specification for the syntax of an identifier for a location of a network resource, such as a shared file, directory or printer in Microsoft Windows. [Allotrope] universal naming convention voltage voltage (datum) Voltage is a quality quantification facet which quantifies the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia] voltage power power (datum) Power is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the rate of doing work. [PATO] power pressure pressure (datum) Pressure is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mount of force exerted per unit area. [PATO] pressure maximum operating temperature upper temperature limit An upper temperature limit is a temperature alert setting that specifies the maximum temperature the system can operate with. [Allotrope] maximum operating temperature minimum operating temperature lower temperature limit A lower temperature limit is a temperature alert setting that specifies the minimum temperature the system can operate with. [Allotrope] minimum operating temperature cryogenic coolant cut-over setting An instrument setting indicating at what temperature the control system should engage a cryogenic coolant for cooling. [Allotrope] cryogenic coolant cut-over setting flow ratio setting flow ratio split ratio split ratio setting The flow ratio setting is a control setting that specifies the ratio of the flow going though the plumbing part (port of a divert valve, solvent channel) as part of a total flow. [Allotrope] flow ratio setting flow ratio split ratio Flow rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the flow going though the plumbing part (port of a divert valve, solvent channel) as part of a total flow. [Allotrope] flow ratio signal-to-noise ratio (USP621) signal-to-noise (USP621) Signal-to-noise ratio (USP621) is a signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) where the noise is calculated over a period that is a minimum of 5 times the peak width. [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio (USP621) signal-to-noise ratio (EP2.2.46) signal-to-noise (EP2.2.46) signal-to-noise (JP-G20) signal-to-noise ratio (JP-G20) Signal-to-noise ratio (EP2.2.46) is a signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) where the noise is calculated over a period that is a minimum of 20 times the peak width. [Allotrope] signal-to-noise ratio (EP2.2.46) file name A file name is a name that denotes a file in a file system. It is a local identifier in the scope of the folder the file is located. [Allotrope] file name file path 2020-12-02 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A file path is an identifier for a file in a file system or network. [Allotrope] file path POSIX path Portable Operating System Interface path 2020-12-02 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A POSIX path is a file path for a file location that is specified by the POSIX standard. [Allotrope] POSIX path POSIX standard POSIX Portable Operating System Interface POSIX is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. [Wikipedia] POSIX standard drying temperature setting A drying temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the intended temperature of a drying process. [Allotrope] drying temperature setting true sample weight before drying The sample weight before drying is a mass facet that quantifies the mass of a sample before the sample is dried. [Allotrope] sample weight before drying true dry sample weight dry weight A dry sample weight is a mass facet about the final weight of a sample after some drying process is complete. [Allotrope] dry sample weight relative weight loss on drying A relative weight loss on drying is a mass fraction that quantifies the relative value of moisture content lost from a material after a drying process. [Allotrope] relative weight loss on drying extrapolated moisture content An extrapolated moisture content is a prediction about the moisture content percentage of a material entity based on results of a partial drying process. [Allotrope] extrapolated moisture content calibration facet A calibration facet is a facet that is information about a calibration. [Allotrope] calibration facet calibration curve parameter A calibration facet that is about a parameter for calibration. [Allotrope] calibration curve parameter calibration algorithm calibration curve type A calibration algorithm is an algorithm about calibration that specifies the way a calibration curve is generated. [Allotrope] calibration algorithm order zero parameter Order zero parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the zeroth order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope] order zero parameter order one parameter Order one parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the first order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope] order one parameter order two parameter Order two parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the second order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope] order two parameter order three parameter Order three parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the third order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope] order three parameter pause time Pause time is a mass spectrometry system setting that specifies the time in between different ms event's measurement time to allow the instrument to equilibrate. [Allotrope] pause time Pause time applies to MRM or SIM events and does not apply to polarity switching time. [Allotrope] retention time window lower offset The retention time window lower offset is the extent of the retention time window in time units below the target retention time. [PSI/MS] retention time window lower offset The lower and upper offsets may be asymmetric about the target time. [PSI/MS] retention time window upper offset The retention time window upper offset is the extent of the retention time window in time units above the target retention time. [PSI/MS] retention time window upper offset The lower and upper offsets may be asymmetric about the target time. [PSI/MS] retention time window width The retention time window width it the full width of a retention time window for a chromatographic peak. [PSI/MS] retention time window width three-dimensional mass spectrum 3-dimensional mass spectra 3-dimensional mass spectrum 3D mass spectra 3D mass spectrum three dimensional mass spectra three dimensional mass spectrum three-dimensional mass spectra A three-dimensional mass spectrum is a data distribution function of counts versus m/z and versus time obtained by counting the ions produced by a sample as a function of their mass-to-charge ratio and as a function of time. [Allotrope] three-dimensional mass spectrum molecular entity facet chemical descriptor molecular descriptor molecular facet 2020-05-11 Changed definition and moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A molecular entity facet is a facet that is about some molecular entity such as atoms, ions or molecules. [Allotrope] molecular entity facet molecular formula chemical formula A molecular formula is a molecular entity facet which identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecular entity of that compound. [CHEMINF] molecular formula spectral library search result library search report library search result A spectral library search result is a report that lists the hits on search in a spectral library database. [Allotrope] spectral library search result spectral library search hit hit library search hit search hit A spectral library search hit is a result of a library search where a record matches some search criteria. [Allotrope] spectral library search hit detector scan rate setting detection scan rate detector scan rate A detector setting that sets the frequency of scans per time unit. [Allotrope] detector scan rate setting ionization switch delay setting ionization switch delay 2020-01-06 Fix super class. [Allotrope] A setting that controls the duration of time after which an ion source switches polarity of ionization. [Allotrope] ionization switch delay setting polarity switch delay setting polarity switch delay 2020-01-06 Fix super class. [Allotrope] A setting that controls the duration of time after which polarity of a scan switches. [Allotrope] polarity switch delay setting m/z setting SIM mass setting mass per charge setting mass setting mass to charge setting selected ion monitoring mass A m/z is a setting that controls the mass per charge ratio of a scan. [Allotrope] m/z setting true pre-peak background time measurement datum pre-peak background time measurement range Pre-peak background time measurement datum is a time datum that describes the period of time for background correction before a peak is detected. [Allotrope] pre-peak background time measurement datum true post-peak background time measurement datum post-peak background time measurement range Post-peak background time measurement datum is a time datum that describes the period of time for background correction after a peak is detected. [Allotrope] post-peak background time measurement datum signature A signature is facet that is a proof of identity and intent of a signer towards some information. [Allotrope] signature signal (communication) signal 2018-07-24 Replaces af-e:AFE_0001830 [Allotrope] A signal is information transported over an communication channel. [Allotrope] signal (communication) true polarity setting 2020-01-06 Changed IRI, conflicts with repetition setting. [Allotrope] 2020-01-06 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Polarity setting is a control setting that specifies a polarity configuration of a specific detector or sensor response to be positive or negative to a reference state. [Allotrope] polarity setting default condition default fallback fallback condition A default condition is a condition that is member of a set of conditions that is always true if all others conditions in the collections are false. [Allotrope] A default value in a conditional parameter specification. [Allotrope] default condition There must be no more than one default condition in any collection of conditions. PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric conductance electric conductance (datum) Electric conductance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of a the resistance in a conductor. [IUPAC] electric conductance PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric resistivity electric resistivity (datum) resistivity resistivity (datum) Electric resistivity is the is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC] electric resistivity PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electric resistance electric resistance (datum) resistance resistance (datum) Electric resistance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC] electric resistance repeated action specification repetition specification An repeated action specification is an action specification that specifies a repeated activity. [Allotrope] repeated action specification location specification A location specification is a specification that specifies the location of something. [Allotrope] location specification A location can be a site, a spatial region or a container, anything that is the object of 'ro:located in'. [Allotrope] laboratory information management software LIMS A laboratory information management software is a software that is used for data management in laboratories. [Allotrope] laboratory information management software asset management identifier asset management ID asset management id asset tag An asset management identifier is an identifier that is registered within an asset / inventory management system that identifies an equipment. [Allotrope] asset management identifier true experimental data identifier experiment data id experiment data indentifier experiment data source An experiment data identifier is an identifier that identifies some experiment data. [Allotrope] a filename of a file containing the experiment data experimental data identifier Experimental data identifier is different from experiment identifier. The first identifies the data about the experiment, the later the experiment itself. There can be many experimental data about the same experiment. [Allotrope] true analytical method identifier analytical method id An analytical method identifier is an identifier that identifies the analytical method used in a measurement. [Allotrope] analytical method identifier true assay identifier analysis id analysis identifier analysis reference assay id An assay identifier is an identifier that identifies some assay (analysis). [Allotrope] assay identifier assay comment analysis comment analysis comments An assay comment is a comment about some aspect of an assay. [Allotrope] assay comment true sample weight sample mass 2020-05-11 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Sample weight is a quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a sample in an analysis. [Allotrope] sample weight peak onset temperature onset temperature peak start temperature Peak onset temperature is a thermal analysis peak facet that quantifies some temperature at the start of a thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope] peak onset temperature peak temperature A peak temperature is a thermal analysis peak facet that quantifies some temperature indicating the position of the thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope] peak temperature weight loss Weight loss is a mass facet that quantifies the difference in weight of a material before and after heating or drying. [Allotrope] weight loss true balance identifier balance id A balance identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some balance. [Allotrope] balance identifier true container type Container type is a classification datum that classifies the type of container used. [Allotrope] container type glass transition temperature A glass transition temperature (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature at which a glass transition occurs. The glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased. [Wikipedia] glass transition temperature heat capacity (dsc) heat capacity A heat capacity (dsc) is a quantity facet that quantifies the difference in heat capacity of a material before and after its glass transition. [Allotrope] heat capacity (dsc) transition enthalpy Transition enthalpy is a quantity facet that quantifies some calorimetric enthalpy change from the area of the differential scanning calorimetry peak. [Allotrope] transition enthalpy conformance assessment A conformance assessment is an assessment about whether two sources of data conform. [Allotrope] conformance assessment true reference identifier reference data source reference id A reference identifier is an identifier that identifies some reference data that is being used as a comparator. [Allotrope] reference identifier container state description Container state description is a state facet that describes the state of the container used in the measurement run. [Allotrope] A container state can be opened or closed. [Allotrope] container state description The container's material is not a container state. [Allotrope] transition assignment A transition assignment is a description of the cause of a thermal event occurring in a thermal analysis. [Allotrope] transition assignment cell path length cell path length (datum) path length path length (datum) A cell path length is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the length of the radiation path through the absorbing medium in a single-pass cell. [Allotrope] cell path length chromatography data system method CDS method CDS project chromatography data system project A chromatography data system method is a plan specification that specifies how a process is to be executed on a chromatography data system. [Allotrope] chromatography data system method measurement device identifier instrument id instrument identifier machine id machine identifier measurement device id measurement equipment id measurement equipment identifier A measurement device identifier is an identifier that identifies some device designed for measurements. [Allotrope] measurement device identifier measurement method identifier measurement method id measurement procedure id measurement procedure identifier method number procedure id procedure identifier A measurement method identifier is a method identifier that identifies some plan specification of a measurement. [Allotrope] measurement method identifier Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. molar concentration amount concentration amount concentration (datum) molar concentration (datum) molar concentration result molarity molarity (datum) substance concentration substance concentration (datum) A molar concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the amount of substance of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] molar concentration true reference reference data A reference is an information content entity that is referred to in another information content entity for the purpose of comparison. [Allotrope] reference data used to compare to with experimental data reference true experiment identifier An experiment identifier is an identifier that identifies an experiment. [Allotrope] experiment identifier true experimental data experiment data experiment information experimental information Experiment data is a description of an experiment containing parameters and results of the experiment and metadata about the experiment. [Allotrope] experimental data true experiment result experiment report experimental result result An experiment result is description, that is the data output of an experiment regarding its hypothesis. [Allotrope] experiment result true thermal analysis peak A thermal analysis peak is a peak that results from a thermal analysis. [Allotrope] thermal analysis peak true thermal analysis peak facet A thermal analysis peak facet is a facet of a thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope] thermal analysis peak facet true device method identifier device id instrument id instrument method identifier 2020-05-11 Generalized definition to match semantics. [Allotrope] A device method identifier is an identifier that identifies the device method used in a process. [Allotrope] device method identifier comment remark A comment is a remark often related to an added piece of information, or an observation or statement. [SIO] comment true device identifier device id equipment id equipment identifier instrument id instrument identifier machine id machine identifier 2020-06-15 Removed measurement metadata superclass. [Allotrope] A device identifier is an identifier that identifies some device. [Allotrope] device identifier true assay data identifier analysis data id analysis data identifier assay data id An assay data identifier is an identifier that identifies some assay data. Assay data is a description of an assay containing parameters and results of the assay and metadata about the assay. [Allotrope] assay data identifier assay data analysis data analysis information assay information Assay data is a description of an assay containing parameters and results of the assay and metadata about the assay. [Allotrope] assay data Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 48 PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2187 PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) on page 972 enthalpy enthalpy (datum) Enthalpy (datum) is a quantification datum that quantifies the internal energy of a system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC] enthalpy heat capacity heat capacity (datum) Heat capacity is a quantification facet that quantifies the amount of heat to be supplied to a given mass of a material to produce a unit change in its temperature. [Wikipedia] heat capacity state facet A state facet is a facet that is about some state at a certain time. A state is a process during which some characteristic remains constant. [Allotrope] opening state with states opened or closed state facet States that are not likely to change such as qualities are not described by state facets. Being of a certain mass is a state, but a facet that describes this would usually be usually considered a quantification facet instead of a state facet. [Allotrope] column brand name A column brand name is a brand name of a chromatography column that can be based on the brand name of the substrate and its chemistry modification. [Allotrope] column brand name chromatography column chemistry type chromatography column chemistry classification chromatography column chemistry classification (datum) chromatography column chemistry type (datum) A chromatography column chemistry type is a classification datum that classifies a chromatography column by the stationary phase and/or chromatographic packing used. [Allotrope] chromatography column chemistry type particle size particle size (datum) Particle size (datum) is a size datum that quantifies the dimensions of an individual particle. [Allotrope] particle size chromatography column length chromatography column length (datum) A chromatography column length (datum) is a length datum that quantifies the length of a chromatography column. [Allotrope] chromatography column length column inner diameter column inner diameter (datum) A column inner diameter (datum) is an inner diameter quantifies the inner diameter of a column. [Allotrope] column inner diameter content specification A content specification is a part specification that specifies a contained portion of material of a container. [Allotrope] content specification temporal index A temporal index is an index that follows temporal order of the list items or the processes that the items are about. [Allotrope] temporal index true method identifier method id plan specification id plan specification identifier procedure id procedure identifier A method identifier is an identifier that identifies some plan specification (method, procedure) about some planned process. [Allotrope] method identifier true measurement method measurement plan measurement plan specfication measurement procedure A measurement method is a plan specification that specifies a measurement. [Allotrope] measurement method concentration concentration (datum) A concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [Allotrope] concentration expiry time prescription expiry date expiry date prescription expiry time The expiry time prescription is a prescription about a material or information content entity that prescribes until what time it is allowed to be used for the stated purpose. [Allotrope] expiry time prescription electronic record Electronic record is a document (any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation) in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system. [FDA] electronic record database record A database record is an electronic record that is stored in a database. [Allotrope] database record database A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. [Wikipedia] database database primary key primary key A database primary key is an identifier of a database record. [Allotrope] database primary key device acquisition method acquisition method device method instrument acquisition method instrument method A device acquisition method is a machine readable plan specification that specifies how the acquisition software of an instrument is to execute the instrument's portion of an analysis. [Allotrope] device acquisition method equivalence point volume equivalence point The equivalence point volume is the volume added in a titration which contains a chemically equivalent quantity of titrant to the analyte in the sample. [Allotrope] equivalence point volume dead cell count dead count Dead cell count is a cell counter result data that states the number of dead cells that were counted in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] dead cell count elapsed time Elapsed time is a duration measured from a specific reference time point or timebase. [Allotrope] elapsed time true flow rate profile flow rate profile result A flow rate profile is a profile that quantifies the flow rate of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] flow rate profile true volume profile volume profile result A volume profile is a profile that quantifies the volume of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] volume profile reaction temperature profile reaction temperature profile result A reaction temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature of the reaction solution over time in a synthesis. [Allotrope] reaction temperature profile jacket temperature profile jacket temperature profile result A jacket temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature profile of the reactor jacket over time. [Allotrope] jacket temperature profile overhead stirring rate profile overhead stirring rate profile result An overhead stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the stirring rate of the stirring process using an overhead stirrer. [Allotrope] overhead stirring rate profile true temperature profile temperature profile result A temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] temperature profile infrared interferogram data cube An infrared interferogram data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an infrared interferogram. [Allotrope] infrared interferogram data cube infrared spectrum data cube An infrared spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an infrared spectrum. [Allotrope] infrared spectrum data cube data cube identifier A data cube identifier is an identifier for a data cube. A data cube is a multi-dimensional dataset conforming to the W3C DataCube specification (https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/). [Allotrope] data cube identifier stirring rate profile stirring rate profile result An overhead stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the stirring rate of the stirring process. [Allotrope] stirring rate profile stir bar stirring rate profile stir bar stirring rate profile result A stir bar stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the rate of the stirring process using a magnetic stirrer. [Allotrope] stir bar stirring rate profile titer titer value A titer is a calibrated result assigned as the molarity of the titrant solution in a titration. [Allotrope] titer calibration certificate identifier calibration certificate id Replaced deprecated AFR_0002069 with AFR_0001828 A calibration certificate identifier is an identifier that identifies the calibration certificate for the piece of equipment used in a measurement. [Allotrope] calibration certificate identifier gross weight A gross weight is a facet that quantifies the total mass of the objects on the platform of the weighing instrument i.e. the sample plus any container or packaging. [Allotrope] gross weight tare weight A tare weight is a facet that quantifies the mass of a container or packing material to be deducted from a gross weight measurement to compute the sample weight measurement. [Allotrope] tare weight Fourier transform infrared document FTIR document FTIR result Fourier transform infrared result A FTIR document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic run. [Allotrope] Fourier transform infrared document Raman document Raman result A Raman document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a Raman spectroscopic run. [Allotrope] Raman document heat transfer coefficient heat transfer coefficient (datum) heat transfer coefficient result A heat transfer coefficient is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Wikipedia] heat transfer coefficient true heat transfer coefficient profile heat transfer coefficient profile result A heat transfer coefficient profile is a profile that quantifies over time the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Wikipedia] heat transfer coefficient profile angular velocity angular velocity (datum) angular velocity result A angular velocity datum is quality quantification facet that quantifies how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia] angular velocity angular velocity profile angular velocity profile result An angular velocity profile is a profile that quantifies over time how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia] angular velocity profile area area (datum) area result An area (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the two-dimensional extend of an object. [Allotrope] area area profile area profile result An area profile is a profile that quantifies over time the area of an object. [Allotrope] area profile specific heat capacity specific heat capacity (datum) specific heat capacity result A specific heat capacity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of a pure substance by one degree K. [Wikipedia] specific heat capacity heating or cooling rate profile cooling rate profile cooling rate profile result heating (cooling) rate profile heating (cooling) rate profile result heating or cooling rate profile result heating rate profile heating rate profile result A heating or cooling rate profile is a profile that quantifies the heating/cooling rate of an object over time. [Allotrope] heating or cooling rate profile sample aggregate document sample aggregate result A sample aggregate document is a document that is about an ordered collection of samples. [Allotrope] sample aggregate document sample document sample result A sample document is a document about a particular sample. [Allotrope] sample document glutamate analysis document (cell-culture) A glutamate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glutamate. [Allotrope] glutamate analysis document (cell-culture) glutamine analysis document (cell-culture) A glutamine analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glutamine. [Allotrope] glutamine analysis document (cell-culture) glucose analysis document (cell-culture) A glucose analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glucose. [Allotrope] glucose analysis document (cell-culture) lactate analysis document (cell-culture) A lactate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with lactate. [Allotrope] lactate analysis document (cell-culture) ammonium analysis document (cell-culture) An ammonium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with ammonium. [Allotrope] ammonium analysis document (cell-culture) sodium analysis document (cell-culture) A sodium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with sodium. [Allotrope] sodium analysis document (cell-culture) potassium analysis document (cell-culture) A potassium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with potassium. [Allotrope] potassium analysis document (cell-culture) phosphate analysis document (cell-culture) A phosphate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with phosphate. [Allotrope] phosphate analysis document (cell-culture) calcium analysis document (cell-culture) A calcium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with calcium. [Allotrope] calcium analysis document (cell-culture) lactase dehydrogenate analysis document (cell-culture) A lactase dehydrogenate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with lactase dehydrogenate. [Allotrope] lactase dehydrogenate analysis document (cell-culture) data processing time Data processing time is the time when a data processing starts. [Allotrope] data processing time titration solvent type titration solvent A titration solvent type is a classification datum that classifies the solvent used in a titration to dissolve the sample. [Allotrope] titration solvent type true titrant solution type titrant solution A titrant solution type is a classification datum that classifies the titration solution used in the titration. [Allotrope] titrant solution type mass fraction mass fraction (datum) mass fraction result w/w % w/w% weight-weight % The mass fraction (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] mass fraction stirring rate Stirring rate is an angular velocity of the rotating, agitating component in stirrer. [Allotrope] stirring rate infrared interferogram IR interferogram An infrared interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT infrared spectroscopy. [Allotrope] infrared interferogram true Raman spectroscopy result Raman result A Raman spectroscopy result is the result of a Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope] Raman spectroscopy result true infrared spectroscopy result IR result IR spectroscopy result An infrared spectroscopy result is the result of an infrared absorption or transmission spectroscopy. [Allotrope] infrared spectroscopy result diameter diameter (datum) Diameter is a length which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO] diameter inner diameter inner diameter (datum) Inner diameter is the diameter quantified at the inside. [Allotrope] inner diameter size (datum) size Size is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the spatial extend of an entity. [Allotrope] size (datum) volume concentration A volume concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] volume concentration "Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)", Lehmann, H.P.;Fuentes-arderiu, X.;Bertello, L.F., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1996, 68(4), 957 IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) electric charge charge Electric charge is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the integral of electric current over time. [Allotrope] electric charge degassed sample weight A degassed sample weight is the sample weight of a sample after it has gone through a degassing process. [Allotrope] degassed sample weight reference material document 2021-06-23 Fixed IRI. [Allotrope] A reference material document is a document that encompasses the information associated with the reference material in an analysis. [Allotrope] reference material document reference material identifier A reference material is an identifier that identifies some material with the role of reference material. [Allotrope] reference material identifier reference material weight A reference material weight is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a material with the role of reference material in the analysis. [Allotrope] reference material weight BET point document A BET point document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a single BET measurement point. [Allotrope] BET point document relative pressure (BET) relative pressure A relative pressure is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the pressure of a pure substance in a chamber relative to its saturation pressure. [Allotrope] relative pressure (BET) adsorbed volume at STP An adsorbed volume is a quality quantification facet that denotes the quantity of absorbant calculated to be adsorbed at STP. [Allotrope] adsorbed volume at STP saturation vapor pressure saturation pressure saturation pressure result saturation vapor pressure (datum) saturation vapor pressure result A saturation pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the saturation vapor pressure of a substance. [Allotrope] saturation vapor pressure PAC, 1972, 31, 577. (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) specific surface area When the area of the interface between two phases is proportional to the mass of one of the phases (e.g. for a solid adsorbent, for an emulsion or for an aerosol), the specific surface area (a, s or preferably as) is defined as the surface area divided by the mass of the relevant phase. [IUPAC] specific surface area y-intercept A y-intercept is the point where the graph of a function or relation intersects the y-axis of a coordinate system. [Wikipedia] y-intercept BET C constant A BET C constant is a calculated constant from a BET analysis equal to Exp(E1−EL) where E1 is heat of adsorption for the first layer and EL is the heat of vaporization for layers beyond the first layer. [Allotrope] BET C constant monolayer quantity A monolayer quantity is a volume of a monolayer based on the cross-sectional area of the adsorbent gas. [Allotrope] monolayer quantity measurement end time 2021-05-17 Moved under measurement time and end time. [Allotrope] A measurement end time is the date/time of the end of the measurement process. [Allotrope] measurement end time evacuation rate setting An evacuation rate setting is a control setting that controls the evacuation rate. [Allotrope] evacuation rate setting evacuation time setting An evacuation time setting is a control setting that controls the time when a chamber is to be evacuated. [Allotrope] evacuation time setting measurement chamber free space volume free space free space result free space volume measurement chamber free space measurement chamber free space (datum) measurement chamber free space volume (datum) A measurement chamber free space result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of a sample chamber not occupied by the sample. [Allotrope] measurement chamber free space volume equilibration time An equilibration time is an elapsed time required to reach an equilibrium state after a perturbation. [Allotrope] equilibration time loose density document A loose density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a loose density result. [Allotrope] loose density document loose density result A loose density result is an analysis assay result that quantifies the volumetric density of a sample as-is without packing the sample to minimize interstitial volume. [Allotrope] loose density result intermediate tapped density aggregate document An intermediate tapped density aggregate document is a document is a document that is about an ordered collection of intermediate tapped density documents. [Allotrope] intermediate tapped density aggregate document cumulative count cumulative count (datum) cumulative count datum A cumulative count (datum) is a count that has non-negative integer values that is about the cumulative number of discrete things. [Allotrope] cumulative count birefringence birefringence (datum) birefringence result A birefringence (datum) is a quality quantification facet indicating if the observed material exhibits birefringence. [Allotrope] birefringence particle shape characterization particle shape A particle shape characterization is a classification datum that classifies the shape of particles. [Allotrope] particle shape characterization association state An association state is a classification datum that classifies associations of primary particles (the smallest discrete unit). [Allotrope] association state nucleus scan type A nucleus scan type is a classification datum classifying the nucleus/nuclei used in the magnetic resonance method. [Allotrope] nucleus scan type dilution volume A dilution volume is a volume of diluent used in a dilution. [Allotrope] dilution volume inter scan relaxation delay setting An inter scan relaxation delay setting is a setting that specifies the inter scan relaxation delay. [Allotrope] inter scan relaxation delay setting qNMR purity result A qNMR purity result is an analysis assay result facet quantifying the purity of a substance by quantitative NMR. [Allotrope] qNMR purity result true calculation description A calculation description is a description that describes how a calculation was done. [Allotrope] calculation description inter scan relaxation delay An inter scan relaxation delay is a time period which ensures that entire signal from spins is detectable. [Allotrope] inter scan relaxation delay hygroscopicity type hygroscopicity per E.U A hygroscopicity type is a classification datum that classifies the hygroscopicity of a material due to moisture sorption at 25°C and 80% relative humidity. [Allotrope] hygroscopicity type hysteresis assessment A hysteresis assessment is an assessment about the hysteresis observed in a cyclic experiment. [Allotrope] hysteresis assessment vapor sorption data cube A vapor sorption data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a vapor sorption experimental result. [Allotrope] vapor sorption data cube target P/P0 setting A target P/P0 setting is a setting to set the relative pressure of a vapor. [Allotrope] target P/P0 setting actual P/P0 result An actual P/P0 result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the relative pressure of the sample. [Allotrope] actual P/P0 result sample temperature setting A sample temperature setting is a temperature control setting to set the target temperature of the sample. [Allotrope] sample temperature setting sample temperature sample temperature (datum) sample temperature result 2020-12-01 Changed labels. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved under temperature datum. [Allotrope] A sample temperature result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the temperature of the sample. [Allotrope] sample temperature mass change A mass change is a mass facet that quantifies the change in initial mass. [Allotrope] mass change mass change rate A mass change rate is a rate that quantifies the change in initial mass per unit time. [Allotrope] mass change rate total gas flow rate A total gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the sum of the dry and saturated gas over time. [Allotrope] total gas flow rate saturated gas flow rate setting A saturated gas flow rate setting is a setting that specifies the target saturated gas flow rate. [Allotrope] saturated gas flow rate setting saturated gas flow rate A saturated gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the saturated gas over time. [Allotrope] saturated gas flow rate dry gas flow rate setting A dry gas flow rate setting is a setting that specifies the target dry gas flow rate. [Allotrope] dry gas flow rate setting dry gas flow rate A dry gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the dry gas over time. [Allotrope] dry gas flow rate ambient temperature An ambient temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope] ambient temperature inlet gas pressure An inlet gas pressure is a quality qualification facet that quantifies the pressure of the inlet gas. [Allotrope] inlet gas pressure exhaust gas flow rate An exhaust gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the flow rate of the exhaust gas. [Allotrope] exhaust gas flow rate solvent reservoir temperature 2022-06-24 Moved from dynamic-vapor-sorption.tll to afo.ttl [Allotrope] A solvent reservoir temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of the solvent reservoir. [Allotrope] solvent reservoir temperature tapped density document A tapped density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a tapped density result. [Allotrope] tapped density document tapped density result A tapped density result is an analysis assay result that quantifies the volumetric density of a sample after packing to minimize interstitial volume. [Allotrope] tapped density result enthalpy of fusion enthalpy of fusion (datum) enthalpy of melting enthalpy of melting (datum) heat of fusion The enthalpy of fusion datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a liquid. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of fusion specific enthalpy of fusion specific entropy of fusion (datum) specific heat of fusion The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of fusion molar enthalpy of fusion molar entropy of fusion (datum) molar heat of fusion The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of fusion enthalpy of vaporization enthalpy of vaporization (datum) heat of vaporization The enthalpy of vaporization datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of vaporization specific enthalpy of vaporization specific enthalpy of vaporization (datum) specific heat of vaporization The specific enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of vaporization molar enthalpy of vaporization molar enthalpy of vaporization (datum) molar heat of vaporization The molar enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of vaporization enthalpy of sublimation enthalpy of sublimation (datum) heat of sublimation The enthalpy of sublimation datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia] enthalpy of sublimation specific enthalpy of sublimation specific enthalpy of sublimation (datum) specific heat of sublimation The specific enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope] specific enthalpy of sublimation molar enthalpy of sublimation molar enthalpy of sublimation (datum) molar heat of sublimation The molar enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope] molar enthalpy of sublimation true data processing method A data processing method is a plan specification that specifies how data processing process is to be executed. [Allotrope] data processing method heat flow Heat flow is a quantification of the heat transferred per time. [Allotrope] heat flow solvent identifier solvent id A solvent identifier is an identifier denoting the solvent used in the experiment. [Allotrope] solvent identifier standard nominal value A standard nominal value is a nominal value for a measurement assigned to a standard material. [Allotrope] standard nominal value standard measured value A standard measured value is an assay result that is a measure of the standard material. [Allotrope] standard measured value calibration result deviation A calibration result deviation is a calibration result representing the deviation between the nominal and measured values for the standard as a percentage. [Allotrope] calibration result deviation turbidity turbidity (datum) turbidity result A turbidity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the turbidity of a solution. [Allotrope] turbidity background corrected turbidity background corrected turbidity (datum) background corrected turbidity result A background corrected turbidity (datum) is a turbidity (datum) that quantifies the turbidity in a solution corrected for background of the solvent. [Allotrope] background corrected turbidity instrument suspension media Instrument suspension media is a description describing the suspension media used in the instrument during the experiment. [Allotrope] instrument suspension media sample suspension media Sample suspension media is a description that describes the suspension media used in preparation of the sample. [Allotrope] sample suspension media sonication duration setting A sonication duration setting is a duration setting that specifies the duration of a sonication process before analysis. [Allotrope] sonication duration setting sonication power setting A sonication power setting is a setting that specifies the power of a sonication process. [Allotrope] sonication power setting fluid refractive index setting fluid refractive index parameter A fluid refractive index setting is a setting that specifies the refractive index of the fluid used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope] fluid refractive index setting particle refractive index setting particle refractive index parameter A particle refractive index setting is a setting that specifies the refractive index of a particle used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope] particle refractive index setting particle shape setting particle shape setting A particle shape setting is a setting that specifies the particle shape used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope] particle shape setting average particle size mean particle size The average particle size is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the arithmetic mean of particle size of a population of particles. [Allotrope] average particle size standard deviation The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia] standard deviation distribution document 2020-12-08 Moved to AFO. 2024-09-19 Added OWL definitions to relate to distribution. A distribution document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a distribution. [Allotrope] distribution document cumulative distribution percentage A cumulative distribution percentage is a statistical facet that describes the percentage of population members meeting a given condition. [Allotrope] cumulative distribution percentage bin upper limit A bin upper limit is a statistical facet that quantifies the upper limit that population members meet within a distribution. [Allotrope] bin upper limit distribution modality A distribution modality is a classification datum that indicates the number of peaks contained in the classified distribution. [Allotrope] distribution modality count fraction count fraction (datum) 2020-12-01 Changed labels and generalized definition. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] The count fraction (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction pertaining the number of object of a constituent divided by the total number of objects of all constituents in the object aggregate. [Allotrope] count fraction Definition is generalized to cover any count fraction, but usually it applies to particles in a mixture. [Allotrope] partial pressure partial pressure (datum) partial pressure result 2020-12-01 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope] 2020-12-01 Moved under pressure (datum). [Allotrope] A partial pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Allotrope] partial pressure true sample preparation description A sample preparation description is a description of the sample preparation process. [Allotrope] sample preparation description standard facet A standard facet is a facet that part of some standard or is about some standard material. [Allotrope] standard facet deviation A deviation is a quantification facet that quantifies the absolute or relative difference of an observed value from another value. [Allotrope] deviation distribution type A distribution type is a classification datum for distributions where the ordinate is expressed based on selected category. [Allotrope] distribution type refractive index index of refraction refraction index refractive index (datum) Refraction index is a quality quantification facet, that quantifies how fast light travels through a material. It is defined as n = c/v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium. [Wikipedia] refractive index arithmetic mean mean The arithmetic mean is a descriptive statistic that is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection. [Wikipedia] arithmetic mean median The median is a descriptive statistic that denotes the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. [Wikipedia] median variance The variance is a descriptive statistic that denotes the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. [Wikipedia] variance skewness Skewness is a descriptive statistic that is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. [Wikipedia] skewness plumbing minimum pressure minimum pressure plumbing pressure lower limit pressure lower limit The plumbing minimum pressure is a specification of the minimum pressure that the plumbing system can operate with. [Allotrope] plumbing minimum pressure image document An image document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an image. [Allotrope] image document magnification setting A magnification setting is a setting that specifies the multiplicative optical apparent size manipulation being applied by an imaging device. [Allotrope] magnification setting polarized light enabled setting polarized light enabled A polarized light enabled setting is a setting that specifies whether polarized light is used in an image capture process. [Allotrope] polarized light enabled setting true standard document A standard document is a document about a particular standard. [Allotrope] standard document true experiment type An experiment type is a classification datum that classifies the type of experiment performed. [Allotrope] experiment type plate well count A plate well count is a count that quantifies the number of plate well positions present on a well plate. [Allotrope] plate well count well volume A well volume is a volume (datum) that quantifies how much volume of material that can be put into each well in a well plate. [Allotrope] well volume PCR detection chemistry A PCR detection chemistry is a classification datum that classifies a PCR detection based on the fluorescent agent used and the specificity of detection. [Allotrope] PCR detection chemistry passive reference dye setting passive reference dye A passive reference dye setting is a setting that classifies the passive reference dye used in the PCR experiment. [Allotrope] passive reference dye setting automatic cycle threshold enabled setting An automatic cycle threshold enabled setting is a control setting that sets whether the cycle threshold determination is automated or manual. [Allotrope] automatic cycle threshold enabled setting cycle threshold value setting (qPCR) cycle threshold value setting A cycle threshold value setting is a setting that sets the threshold value used for automatic qPCR cycle threshold determination. [Allotrope] cycle threshold value setting (qPCR) automatic baseline determination enabled setting automatic baseline determination enabled An automatic baseline determination enabled setting is an automation flag that controls whether baseline determination is automated or manual. [Allotrope] automatic baseline determination enabled setting baseline determination start cycle setting A baseline determination start cycle setting is a PCR setting that specifies the start cycle for baseline determination. [Allotrope] baseline determination start cycle setting baseline determination end cycle setting A baseline determination end cycle setting is a PCR setting that specifies the end cycle for baseline determination. [Allotrope] baseline determination end cycle setting well location identifier 2021-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A well location identifier is a local identifier that identifies the location of a well on the container in the scope of the container. [Allotrope] well location identifier target DNA description A target DNA description is a description that describes the intended DNA target of the PCR experiment. [Allotrope] target DNA description true sample role type sample type A sample role type is a classification datum that classifies samples by the type of sample role in the experiment. [Allotrope] sample role type reporter dye setting reporter dye A reporter dye setting is a setting that classifies the reporter dye used in the PCR experiment. [Allotrope] reporter dye setting quencher dye setting quencher dye A quencher dye setting is a setting that classifies the quencher dye used in the PCR experiment. [Allotrope] quencher dye setting cycle threshold result (qPCR) cycle threshold result A cycle threshold result is an qPCR assay result that records the cycle at which the threshold was passed. [Allotrope] cycle threshold result (qPCR) normalized reporter result A normalized reporter result is a qPCR assay result that specifies the fluorescent signal of the reporter dye normalized to the signal of the passive reference dye. [Allotrope] normalized reporter result baseline corrected reporter result A baseline corrected reporter result is a qPCR assay result that specifies the normalized reporter result minus the baseline signal of the instrument. [Allotrope] baseline corrected reporter result true nuclear magnetic resonance result NMR assay result NMR result nuclear magnetic resonance result An nuclear magnetic resonance result is a result of an nuclear magnetic resonance assay. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance result detector gain setting A detector gain setting is setting that specifies the gain of the detector. [Allotrope] detector gain setting optical velocity setting An optical velocity setting is a setting that specifies the velocity of the moving mirror during the run. [Allotrope] optical velocity setting slit width setting A slit width setting is a setting that specifies the width of the opening of the slit. [Allotrope] slit width setting true detector type A detector type is a classification datum that describes the detector type. [Allotrope] detector type beamsplitter type A beamsplitter type is a classification datum that describes the beamsplitter type based on the compound used to split the light beam. [Allotrope] beamsplitter type true nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy result NMR spectrometry result NMR spectroscopy result nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry result An NMR spectroscopy result is a result of an NMR spectroscopy. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy result true mass spectrometry result MS result A mass spectrometry result is a result of a mass spectrometry. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry result intermediate tapped density document An intermediate tapped density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a single intermediate tapped density result. [Allotrope] intermediate tapped density document reflectance A reflectance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC] reflectance PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) transmittance A transmittance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the transmitted radiant power (P_λ) to that incident on the sample (P0_λ): T = P_λ/ P0_λ. [IUPAC] transmittance position count A position count is a spatial quantification facet that quantifies the number of distinct spatial locations. The spatial locations are defined by some pattern or morphology. [Allotrope] position count automation setting automation enabled automation enabled setting automation flag automation switch An automation flag is a flag that controls whether a process involves an automation system (true) participant alone or involves a human participant (false). [Allotrope] manual vs. automatic baseline determination [Allotrope] automation setting The automation can refer to subprocesses such as consuming of input, or the production of output or full automation. [Allotrope] PCR setting A PCR setting is a setting for a PCR experiment. [Allotrope] PCR setting PCR result A PCR result is an assay result that is output of a PCR experiment. [Allotrope] PCR result enabled setting enabled flag enabled flag setting An enabled flag setting is control setting that controls whether a process is running in a specific situation controlled by the setting. [Allotrope] enabled setting reflectance spectrum A reflectance spectrum is a spectrum that plots the reflectance of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Allotrope] reflectance spectrum reflectance spectrum data cube A reflectance spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a reflectance spectrum. [Allotrope] reflectance spectrum data cube absorption spectrum data cube An absorption spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents an absorption spectrum. [Allotrope] absorption spectrum data cube transmittance spectrum A transmittance spectrum is a spectrum that plots the transmittance of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Allotrope] transmittance spectrum transmittance spectrum data cube A transmittance spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a transmittance spectrum. [Allotrope] transmittance spectrum data cube BET plot Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot A BET plot is a data distribution function of an adsorption isotherm with 1/v[(p0/p)-1] on the y-axis and p/p0 on the x-axis, where p is equilibrium pressure and p0 saturation pressure of adsorbates at the temperature of adsorption, and v is the adsorbed gas quantity. [Wikipedia] BET plot BET plot data cube Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot data cube A BET plot data cube is a data cube that represents a BET plot. [Allotrope] BET plot data cube time setting timer A time setting is a setting the specifies a point in time when a process starts or ends. [Allotrope] time setting reaction component list reaction component aggregate document A reaction component list is a document about an ordered collection of material entities with roles in a chemical reaction. [Allotrope] reaction component list chemical document A chemical document is a document that is about some chemical substance. [Allotrope] chemical document chemical name A chemical name is the written name of a chemical substance that shows the names of each of its elements or subcompounds. [Allotrope] chemical name reaction component role type A reaction component role type is a classification datum that classifies the role of a chemical substance in a reaction. [Allotrope] reaction component role type molecular mass molecular mass (datum) molecular mass result A molecular mass is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a molecule. [Allotrope] molecular mass SMILES molecular structure A SMILES molecular structure is a molecular structure specified in Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) line notation. [edamontology.org] SMILES molecular structure InChI molecular structure An InChI molecular structure is a molecular structure specified in IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) line notation. [edamontology.org] InChI molecular structure InChIKey molecular structure An InChIKey molecular structure is a molecular structure specified as an InChIKey (hashed InChI), which is a fixed length (25 character) condensed digital representation of an InChI chemical structure specification. It uniquely identifies a chemical compound. An InChIKey identifier is not human- nor machine-readable but is more suitable for web searches than an InChI chemical structure specification. [edamontology.org] InChIKey molecular structure addition description An addition description is a description about the process of adding a reaction component to a reaction. [Allotrope] addition description probe type A probe type is a classification datum that describes the type of probe used in a process. [Allotrope] probe type true probe identifier probe id A probe identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some probe. [Allotrope] probe identifier relative permittivity relative permittivity (datum) relative permittivity result A relative permittivity result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field. [CHEMINF] Relative permittivity is a chemical substance quality that reflects the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field. relative permittivity impedance scan profile An impedance scan profile is a profile that quantifies the impedance spectrum of a material over time. [Allotrope] impedance scan profile impedance scan data cube An impedance scan data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an impedance scan result. [Allotrope] impedance scan data cube impedance scan permittivity range Δεmax An impedance scan permittivity range is an impedance scan result that quantitates the difference in heights of low and high frequency in an impedance spectrum which correlates with the viable cell density. [Allotrope] impedance scan permittivity range impedance scan slope An impedance scan slope is an impedance scan result that quantitates the slope (α) of the beta-dispersion at the characteristic frequency fc and is indicative of the cell diameter distribution. The steeper the slope , the more homogeneous the distribution. [Allotrope] impedance scan slope impedance scan characteristic frequency An impedance scan characteristic frequency is an impedance scan result datum obtained from the infliction point of the impedance spectrum that provides an indication of the average cell diameter. The larger the cell diameter, the smaller the fc and vice-versa. [Allotrope] impedance scan characteristic frequency impedance scan result An impedance scan result is an assay result that is the output of processing an impedance spectrum. [Allotrope] impedance scan result Molfile molecular structure A Molfile molecular structure is a molecular structure specified as an MDL Molfile. [edamontology.org] Molfile molecular structure normalized reporter data cube Rn data cube A normalized reporter data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of normalized reporter result against cycle. [Allotrope] normalized reporter data cube baseline corrected reporter data cube ΔRn data cube A baseline corrected reporter data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of baseline corrected reporter result against cycle. [Allotrope] baseline corrected reporter data cube cycle count A cycle count is a count of the number of iterations of a repeated process. [Allotrope] cycle count true heat flow profile A heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a material entity over time. [Allotrope] heat flow profile true total system heat flow profile A total system heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a system over time. [Allotrope] total system heat flow profile true reaction heat flow profile A reaction heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a material entity with the reaction mixture role over time. [Allotrope] reaction heat flow profile source current setting filament current setting A source current setting is a current setting controlling the current supplied to a radiation source. [Allotrope] source current setting true current setting A current setting is a setting that specifies some current configuration of a current controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target electric current at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] current setting electron energy setting An electron energy setting is a voltage setting controlling the voltage in a source to accelerate electrons to the specified eV kinetic energy. [Allotrope] electron energy setting true voltage setting A voltage setting is a setting that specifies some current configuration of a voltage controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target voltage at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] voltage setting analyte aggregate document analyte aggregation document An analyte aggregate document is a document about an ordered collection of analytes. [Allotrope] analyte aggregate document analyte document An analyte document is a document that is about some analyte. [Allotrope] analyte document true radiation source type A radiation source type is a classification datum that classifies the type of radiation source used in a process. [Allotrope] radiation source type near infrared document NIR document near infra-red document near-infrared document A near infrared document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a near-infrared spectroscopy process. [Allotrope] near infrared document three-dimensional FTIR spectrum 3-dimensional FTIR spectra 3-dimensional FTIR spectrum 3D FTIR spectra 3D FTIR spectrum three dimensional FTIR spectra three dimensional FTIR spectrum three-dimensional FTIR spectra A three-dimensional FTIR spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the infrared region (2.5–25 μm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope] three-dimensional FTIR spectrum three-dimensional Raman spectrum 3-dimensional Raman spectra 3-dimensional Raman spectrum 3D Raman spectra 3D Raman spectrum three dimensional Raman spectra three dimensional Raman spectrum three-dimensional Raman spectra A three-dimensional Raman spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of Raman intensity versus wavelength and versus time obtained by the inelastic scattering of photons from a monochromatic light source by a sample as a function of time. [Allotrope] three-dimensional Raman spectrum three-dimensional near infrared spectrum 3-dimensional NIR spectra 3-dimensional NIR spectrum 3-dimensional near infra-red spectra 3-dimensional near infra-red spectrum 3-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra 3-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum 3-dimensional near infrared spectra 3D NIR spectra 3D NIR spectrum 3D near infra-red spectra 3D near infra-red spectrum 3D near infrared (NIR) spectra 3D near infrared (NIR) spectrum 3D near infrared spectra three dimensional NIR spectra three dimensional NIR spectrum three dimensional near infra-red spectra three dimensional near infra-red spectrum three dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra three dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum three dimensional near infrared spectra three-dimensional NIR spectra three-dimensional NIR spectrum three-dimensional near infra-red spectra three-dimensional near infra-red spectrum three-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra three-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum three-dimensional near infrared spectra A three-dimensional near infrared spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope] three-dimensional near infrared spectrum true near infrared spectrum NIR spectra NIR spectrum near infra-red spectra near infra-red spectrum near infrared (NIR) spectra near infrared (NIR) spectrum near infrared spectra A plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [Allotrope] near infrared spectrum electronic project record project An electronic project is a user-defined collection of methods, results, sign-offs, audit trails, custom fields, and raw data. [Allotrope] electronic project record report method A report method is a plan specification that serves as a template to organize the data, results, and method contents in a generated report. The report method is independent of any data that the report contains. [Allotrope] report method total cell diameter cell diameter Total cell diameter is is a facet that quantifies a diameter of any (living or dead) cell. [Allotrope] total cell diameter average total cell diameter average cell diameter total cell diameter Average total cell diameter is a cell counter result data that states the average diameter of the cells (living or dead) measured. [Allotrope] average total cell diameter total cell diameter distribution cell diameter distribution Total cell diameter distribution is a cell counter result data that states the distribution of the diameters of the cells (living or dead) measured. [Allotrope] total cell diameter distribution true pH profile pH profile result A pH profile is a profile that quantifies the pH of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] pH profile standard aggregate document standard aggregate result A standard aggregate document is a document that is about an ordered collection of standards. [Allotrope] standard aggregate document true pH calibration slope A pH calibration slope is an assay result determined by the ratio of the slope of a pH calibration to the theoretical maximum, expressed as a percentage. [Allotrope] pH calibration slope pH data cube A pH data cube is a data cube that represents the pH of a material over time. [Allotrope] pH data cube reaction temperature data cube A reaction temperature data cube is a data cube that represents the reaction temperature over time. [Allotrope] reaction temperature data cube jacket temperature data cube A jacket temperature data cube is a data cube that represents the jacket temperature over time. [Allotrope] jacket temperature data cube stirring rate data cube A stirring rate data cube is a data cube that represents the stirring rate over time. [Allotrope] stirring rate data cube true mass profile mass profile result A mass profile is a profile that quantifies the mass of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] mass profile true purge gas flow rate profile purge gas flow rate profile result A purge gas flow rate profile is a flow rate profile that quantifies the flow rate of gas with the role of purge gas being added to inert equipment over time. [Allotrope] purge gas flow rate profile true purge gas type A purge gas type is a classification datum that classifies the gas with the role of purge gas used in a rinsing process. [Allotrope] purge gas type purge gas flow rate data cube A purge gas flow rate data cube is a data cube that represents the flow rate of gas with the role of purge gas over time. [Allotrope] purge gas flow rate data cube true chord length distribution profile A chord length distribution profile is a profile of the distribution of chord lengths of particles over time. [Allotrope] chord length distribution profile chord length distribution data cube A chord length distribution data cube is a data cube that represents particle count binned by chord length over time. [Allotrope] chord length distribution data cube true measured chord length result A measured chord length result is an assay result quantitating a chord length of the observed particles before correcting for the refractive index of the solution and particle, backscattering, etc. [Allotrope] measured chord length result laser rotation speed setting A laser rotation speed setting is a control setting that specifies the angular velocity of the laser in a FBRM run over time. [Allotrope] laser rotation speed setting chord selection setting A chord selection setting is a control setting for a FBRM run that optimizes the analysis for small primary particles or larger agglomerates. [Allotrope] chord selection setting stuck particle correction enabled setting A stuck particle correction enabled setting is a control setting for a FBRM run that controls whether or not data analysis ignores stuck particles (those present in the same location of the laser path even as the laser rotates), which can correct for up to 10% of the particles being stuck. [Allotrope] stuck particle correction enabled setting laser rotation speed data cube A laser rotation speed data cube is a data cube that represents the measured angular velocity of the laser in a FBRM run over time. [Allotrope] laser rotation speed data cube true FTIR profile FTIR profile result An FTIR profile is a profile that quantifies the absorbance by or transmittance through a material entity over time and by frequency in the infrared range. [Allotrope] FTIR profile background document A background document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a background measurement. [Allotrope] background document true Raman profile Raman profile result A Raman profile is a profile that quantifies the intensity of Raman scattering vs. Raman shift (cm-1) over time. [Allotrope] Raman profile true near infrared profile NIR profile NIR profile result near infra-red profile near infra-red profile result near infrared profile result near-infrared profile near-infrared profile result A near infrared profile is a profile that quantifies absorbed or transmitted radiation over time in the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [Allotrope] near infrared profile true ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile UV-VIS profile UV-VIS profile result UV-VIS spectroscopy profile UV-VIS spectroscopy profile result UV-Vis profile UV-Vis profile result UV-Vis spectroscopy profile UV-Vis spectroscopy profile result UV-vis profile UV-vis profile result UV-vis spectroscopy profile UV-vis spectroscopy profile result ultraviolet-visible profile result ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile result uv-vis profile uv-vis profile result uv-vis spectroscopy profile uv-vis spectroscopy profile result An ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile is a profile that quantifies absorbed or transmitted radiation over time in the ultraviolet-visible region. [Allotrope] ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy document UV-VIS document UV-VIS spectroscopy document UV-Vis document UV-Vis spectroscopy document UV-vis document UV-vis spectroscopy document ultraviolet-visible document uv-vis document uv-vis spectroscopy document A ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a UV-Vis spectroscopic run. [Allotrope] ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy document true spectrometer type A spectrometer type is a classification datum that classifies the type of spectrometer used in a process. [Allotrope] spectrometer type true concentration profile concentration profile result A concentration profile is a profile that quantifies the concentration of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] concentration profile IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) chemical shift A chemical shift is a quality quantification facet quantifying the fractional variation of the resonance frequency of a nucleus in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in consequence of its magnetic environment of a nucleus. The chemical shift of a nucleus, δ, is expressed as a ratio involving its frequency, ν_cpd, relative to that of a standard, ν_ref, and defined as: δ = (ν_cpd - ν_ref)/ν_ref. [IUPAC] chemical shift true analysis material role type synthesis material role type An analysis material role type is a classification datum that classifies the role of a portion of material in a reaction. [Allotrope] analysis material role type analyte molar ratio molar ratio An analyte molar ratio is a ratio quantification datum that quantifies the relative molar amount of an analyte to a reference entity. [Allotrope] analyte molar ratio sample preparation aggregate document A sample preparation aggregate document is a document that aggregates sample preparation documents. [Allotrope] sample preparation aggregate document sample preparation document A sample preparation document is a document about a sample preparation process. [Allotrope] sample preparation document purity purity (datum) purity result A purity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the purity of a portion of material. [Allotrope] purity NMR multiplet nuclear magnetic resonance multiplet An NMR multiplet is a peak group in a NMR spectrum, all of which are associated with a single nuclei but for which the signal has been split due to interactions with neighboring nuclei. [Allotrope] NMR multiplet associated nuclei count An associated nuclei count is a count that indicates the number of nuclei associated with a NMR multiplet. [Allotrope] associated nuclei count measurement aggregate document measurement aggregate result A measurement aggregate document is a document about a collection of measurement documents. [Allotrope] measurement aggregate document measurement document A measurement document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a measurement. [Allotrope] measurement document system flow rate profile A system flow rate profile is a flow rate profile of the flow rate through the system pump of the chromatograph. [Allotrope] system flow rate profile true aperture size setting An aperture size setting temperature setting is a control setting that specifies the size of the aperture opening. [Allotrope] aperture size setting true michelson interferometer measurement mode setting michelson interferometer acquisition mode setting 2022-06-20 Subclassed under measurement mode setting and renamed to conform with parent. [Allotrope] A michelson interferometer measurement mode setting is a control setting that specifies whether the interferogram measurement is single or double-sided and whether one or both scan directions are used in the measurement. [Allotrope] michelson interferometer measurement mode setting true sample measurement interface type A sample measurement interface type is a classification datum that classifies the sample measurement interface used by a measuring process. [Allotrope] sample measurement interface type thermal conductivity A thermal conductivity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. [Allotrope] thermal conductivity temperature rate A temperature rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the change in temperature over time in some material. [Allotrope] temperature rate IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993 angle of optical rotation angle of optical rotation (datum) angle of optical rotation result circular birefringence (datum) circular birefringence result polarization rotation (datum) polarization rotation result An angle of optical rotation result is a quality quantification facet quantifying the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC] angle of optical rotation specific rotation specific optical rotation specific rotation result A specific rotation result is is a quality quantification facet quantifying the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia] specific rotation specific rotation document A specific rotation document is a document about a polarimetry process used to measure a specific rotation. [Allotrope] specific rotation document end point determination setting An end point determination setting is a control setting that specifies the end point of an analysis. [Allotrope] end point determination setting maximum run time setting A maximum run time setting is an end point determination setting that specifies the maximum time of analysis. [Allotrope] maximum run time setting change rate end point setting A change rate end point setting is an end point determination setting that specifies the maximum change in weight per unit time. [Allotrope] change rate end point setting extrapolated weight end point setting An extrapolated weight end point setting is an end point determination setting based on extrapolating initial weight loss to a predicted final dry weight. [Allotrope] extrapolated weight end point setting temperature profile setting heating profile setting temperature program setting A temperature program setting is a control setting that specifies the heating profile to use to achieve the desired temperature. [Allotrope] temperature profile setting ratio quantification facet ratio quantification datum A ratio quantification datum is a quantification datum that quantifies the relative magnitude as a ratio of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope] ratio quantification facet molar mass molar mass (datum) molar mass result Molar mass is a mass that quantifies the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [Allotrope] molar mass apodization apodization filter apodization method Apodization is the name of a filter method used in some data apodization. [Allotrope] apodization zero filling factor number of zero filling The factor of the size increase by time domain zero padding the Fourier transformation. [Allotrope] zero filling factor phase correction Phase correction is the name of a method for phase correction used to adjust FT spectra. [Allotrope] phase correction thermal conductance A thermal conductance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the heat flow over time through a material of specific area and thickness. [Allotrope] thermal conductance profile setting A profile setting is a setting the specifies the change of a configuration of a system over time or a reaction to a change of a situation over time. [Allotrope] profile setting control profile setting A control profile setting is a profile setting that specifies how a system's configuration is controlled over time. [Allotrope] control profile setting nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube NMR spectrum data cube Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube mass spectrometry document mass spectrometry result A mass spectrometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a mass spectrometry run. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry document sample flow rate profile A sample flow rate profile is a flow rate profile of the flow rate through the sample pump of the chromatograph. [Allotrope] sample flow rate profile ADF converter name An ADF converter name is a written name of some software used to convert data into the Allotrope Data Format. [Allotrope] ADF converter name ADF converter method identifier An ADF converter method identifier is an identifier identifying the method used by an ADF converter to convert a dataset into the Allotrope Data Format. [Allotrope] ADF converter method identifier ADF converter version An ADF converter version is a software version specifying the version of an ADF converter used to convert a dataset into the Allotrope Data Format. [Allotrope] ADF converter version start time A start time is a time that denotes the start of some process. [Allotrope] start time end time A end time is a time that denotes the end of some process. [Allotrope] end time tablet press identifier A tablet press identifier is a device identifier that identifies some tablet press. [Allotrope] tablet press identifier container identifier A container identifier is an identifier that identifies some container. [Allotrope] container identifier tablet thickness A tablet thickness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the thickness of some tablet. [Allotrope] tablet thickness hardness A hardness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some hardness. [Allotrope] hardness data validity assessment A data validity assessment is an assessment about the validity of some data for a specified purpose. [Allotrope] data validity assessment data validity code A data validity code is an code that indicates the validity of some data. [Allotrope] data validity code thickness 2021-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A thickness datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies a 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. [Allotrope] thickness disintegration apparatus disc type A disintegration apparatus disc type is an classification datum classifying some disintegration apparatus disc. [Allotrope] disintegration apparatus disc type disintegration apparatus basket identifier A disintegration apparatus basket identifier is an identifier of some disintegration apparatus basket. [Allotrope] disintegration apparatus basket identifier fill depth A fill depth is a quality quantification facet quantifying the depth of material in a container. [Allotrope] fill depth result value specification A result specification is a specification of acceptable limits for a result or set of results. [Allotrope] result value specification material suitability specification A material suitability specification is a material specification defining acceptable limits for qualities or required functions or dispositions of some material to be suitable for a specified use case. [Allotrope] material suitability specification specification assessment A specification assessment is an assessment about whether some result conforms to a predefined specification. [Allotrope] specification assessment minimum value A minimum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the smallest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope] minimum value maximum value A maximum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the largest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope] maximum value relative standard deviation The relative standard deviation is a ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean. [Allotrope] relative standard deviation absolute water content An absolute water content is a mass datum quantifying the absolute mass of water in a sample. [Allotrope] absolute water content water mass concentration A water mass concentration is a mass concentration quantifying the mass of water divided by the total volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] water mass concentration water mass fraction A water mass fraction is a mass fraction quantifying the mass of water divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope] water mass fraction data validity A data validity is a qualification about the suitability of some data for a specified purpose. [Allotrope] data validity shaking configuration description shake configuration description shake setup A shaking configuration description is a description of the shaking process configuration. [Allotrope] shaking configuration description detector distance setting (plate reader) detector distance setting A detector distance setting is a control setting that specifies the distance between the detector and the scanned plate. [Allotrope] detector distance setting (plate reader) scan position setting (plate reader) A scan position setting is a setting that specifies whether the detector is positioned underneath the microplate. [Allotrope] scan position setting (plate reader) detector carriage speed setting carriage speed setting A detector carriage speed setting is a control setting that specifies the speed of a detector carriage. [Allotrope] detector carriage speed setting read interval setting A read interval setting is a control setting that specifies the duration between individual reads in a measurement. [Allotrope] read interval setting total measurement duration setting total measurement time setting 2024-06-11 Renamed total measurement duration setting in line with existing definition. [Allotrope] A total measurement duration setting is a control setting that specifies the aggregated duration of a series of measurements. [Allotrope] total measurement duration setting detector wavelength setting A detector wavelength setting is a control setting that specifies the wavelength of a particular signal to be measured by the detector. [Allotrope] detector wavelength setting well scan pattern setting A well scan pattern setting is a control setting that specifies the pattern of scanned points within a well. [Allotrope] well scan pattern setting well scan density setting A well scan density setting is a control setting that specifies the number of scanned points within a well. [Allotrope] well scan density setting luminescence profile data cube A luminescence profile data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence profile. [Allotrope] luminescence profile data cube luminescence spectrum data cube A luminescence spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence spectrum. [Allotrope] luminescence spectrum data cube luminescence area scan data cube A luminescence area scan data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence area scan. [Allotrope] luminescence area scan data cube true luminescence profile A luminescence profile is a profile that quantifies the luminescence of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] luminescence profile true luminescence area scan A luminescence area scan is a data distribution function of the luminescence of a material entity scanned over a predefined area. [Allotrope] luminescence area scan true vial location identifier A vial location identifier is a local identifier that identifies the location of a vial in the vial container in the scope of the vial container. [Allotrope] vial location identifier beam deceleration voltage setting A beam deceleration voltage setting is a voltage setting controlling the voltage on a sample holder to decelerate some electron beam. [Allotrope] beam deceleration voltage setting image format An image format is a classification datum classifying an image by the data format specification that its representation has. [Allotrope] image format image height An image height is the height of some image. [Allotrope] image height image width An image width is the horizontal length of some image. [Allotrope] image width condenser lens voltage setting A condenser lens voltage setting is voltage setting specifying the voltage of some condenser lens. [Allotrope] condenser lens voltage setting electron beam working distance An electron beam working distance is a quality quantification facet quantifying the distance between the final lens and the focal point of the electron beam. [Allotrope] electron beam working distance micron marker setting A micron marker setting is a setting that specifies the distance between subdivisions on the size marker included in some image. [Allotrope] micron marker setting x-coordinate An x-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of x-coordinate. [Allotrope] x-coordinate y-coordinate A y-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of y-coordinate. [Allotrope] y-coordinate z-coordinate A z-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of z-coordinate. [Allotrope] z-coordinate incident radiation angle An incident radiation angle is a quality quantification facet quantifying the angle between the beam of radiation and the surface of some sample it impacts. [Allotrope] incident radiation angle scan speed setting (electron microscopy) scan speed setting A scan speed setting is a control setting that specifies the speed at which the radiation beam scans some sample. [Allotrope] scan speed setting (electron microscopy) detector bandwidth setting A detector bandwidth setting is a control setting that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be measured by the detector. [Allotrope] detector bandwidth setting wavelength filter cutoff setting A wavelength filter cutoff setting is a control setting that specifies the minimum wavelength allowed to pass to the detector. [Allotrope] wavelength filter cutoff setting excitation wavelength setting An excitation wavelength setting is a control setting specifying the wavelength of the beam used for the excitation of the sample. [Allotrope] excitation wavelength setting PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy) PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) fluorescence fluorescence (datum) 2021-09-14 Moved from deprecated term AFR_0002500 to replacement AFR_0002507 A fluorescence is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC] fluorescence fluorescence excitation spectrum data cube A fluorescence excitation spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence excitation spectrum. [Allotrope] fluorescence excitation spectrum data cube fluorescence emission spectrum data cube A fluorescence emission spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence emission spectrum. [Allotrope] fluorescence emission spectrum data cube fluorescence excitation spectrum A fluorescence excitation spectrum is a spectrum that plots the intensity of fluorescence of a material entity vs the excitation wavelength at a defined emission wavelength. [Allotrope] fluorescence excitation spectrum coordinate A coordinate is a scalar as component of a vector or tuple in a coordinate system specifying a point in space. [Allotrope] coordinate Cartesian coordinate A Cartesian coordinate is a coordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system, that specifies each point uniquely in an n-dimensional Euclidean space . These coordinates are equal, up to sign, to distances from the point to n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes. [Allotrope, Wikipedia] Cartesian coordinate emission bandwidth setting An emission bandwidth setting is a control setting that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be emitted by a source. [Allotrope] emission bandwidth setting detector model number A detector model number is a model number that denotes some class of detectors. [Allotrope] detector model number detector identifier A detector identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some detector. [Allotrope] detector identifier detector view volume A detector view volume is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of material visible to the detector at the point of measurement. [Allotrope] detector view volume sample volume setting A sample volume setting is a control setting specifying the volume of sample to be used in a measurement. [Allotrope] sample volume setting flush volume setting A flush volume setting is a control setting specifying the volume of material to be used to flush some device. [Allotrope] flush volume setting differential count differential count (datum) differential count datum A differential count is a count that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things within a defined range. [Allotrope] differential count cumulative particle density A cumulative particle density is a scalar quantity datum that quantifies the number density of particles meeting a given criterion. [Allotrope] cumulative particle density differential particle density A differential particle density is a summary datum that quantifies the number density of particles within a specified range criterion. [Allotrope] differential particle density data processing omission setting A data processing omission setting is a data processing setting that marks whether the related dataset should be excluded from some data processing. [Allotrope] data processing omission setting dilution factor setting A dilution factor setting is a control setting specifying some dilution factor. [Allotrope] dilution factor setting area scan An area scan is a data distribution function over points of a defined area. [Allotrope] The measurement output of an area scanning [Allotrope] area scan position code A position code is a code that indicates a position. [Allotrope] position code IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997) luminescence luminescence (datum) Luminescence is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC] luminescence material specification A material specification is a specification that specifies some qualities, roles or dispositions of some material. [Allotrope] material specification peak width at 10 % of height peak width at 10 percent of height peak width at 10% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 10 % of its peak height. [Allotrope] peak width at 10 % of height asymmetry factor measured at 10 % height asymmetry factor measured at 10 percent of height asymmetry factor measured at 10% height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A quantitative asymmetry factor calculated at 10 percent of its peak height. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor measured at 10 % height height equivalent to a theoretical plate HETP A height equivalent to a theoretical plate is a chromatography peak facet quantifying the ratio of the absorption bed length divided by the number of theoretical plates in the absorption bed. [Wikipedia] height equivalent to a theoretical plate prescription directive rule A prescription is a proposition that is about some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope] prescription density of theoretical plates (chromatography) plate density A density of theoretical plates (chromatography) is a chromatography peak facet that measures the amount of band broadening normalized per length unit that occurs during the separation and thus the efficiency of the chromatographic system. [Allotrope] density of theoretical plates (chromatography) retention volume Retention volume is a chromatography peak facet that indicates the acquisition volume at the maximum detector response attributed to the peak (analyte band). [Allotrope] retention volume acquisition volume The acquisition volume is the volume elapsed through the chromatography column between the injection of the sample and when the signal is captured. [Allotrope] acquisition volume liquid chromatography aggregate document LC aggregate document A liquid chromatography aggregate document is a document that aggregates LC documents. [Allotrope] liquid chromatography aggregate document liquid chromatography document LC document A liquid chromatography document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a liquid chromatography run. [Allotrope] liquid chromatography document device system document A device system document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a device system. [Allotrope] device system document detector control aggregate document A detector control aggregate document is a document that aggregates detector control documents. [Allotrope] detector control aggregate document detector control document A detector control document is a document that encompasses the information associated with control of a detector. [Allotrope] detector control document injection document An injection document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an injection. [Allotrope] injection document true pump model number A pump model number is a model number that denotes some class of pumps. [Allotrope] pump model number true submitter submitter ID submitter id submitter identifier Submitter is measurement metadata about the name or identifier of a person that has the role of a submitter in the measurement. [Allotrope] submitter chromatography column part number column part number A column part number is a part number that denotes some class of chromatography columns. [Allotrope] chromatography column part number chromatography column serial number column serial number A column serial number is an equipment serial number that identifies some chromatography column. [Allotrope] chromatography column serial number true detection type A detection type is a classification datum that classifies the type of detection performed by the detector.. [Allotrope] detection type true injection identifier injection ID injection id An injection identifier is an identifier that identifies some injection. [Allotrope] injection identifier injection time An injection time is a time that indicates when an injection is performed. [Allotrope] injection time intensity An intensity (datum) is an quality quantification facet that quantifies the magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope] intensity absolute intensity absolute intensity (datum) absolute signal intensity Absolute intensity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the absolute magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope] absolute intensity total ion profile total ion signal A total ion profile is an ion profile that is the sum of all detected ion current signals at each time point. [Allotrope] total ion profile mass output setting A mass output setting is a data processing setting that specifies the charge output value on some charge deconvolution output. [Allotrope] mass output setting ion profile ion signal An ion profile is a distribution function of a ion current signal of a mass detector. [Allotrope] ion profile selected ion profile selected ion signal A selected ion profile is an ion profile where only preselected m/z values are detected in the analysis. [Allotrope] selected ion profile mass resolution setting A mass resolution setting is a control setting that specifies the nominal mass resolution target for a mass spectrometry scan. [Allotrope] mass resolution setting detector signal A detector signal is a signal that is produced by a detector that signals the presence or magnitude of the entity observed by the detector. [Allotrope] detector signal ion current signal An ion current signal is the output of a mass detector, that signals the ion current. [Allotrope] ion current signal excitation bandwidth setting An excitation bandwidth setting is a control setting specifying the bandwidth of the beam used for the excitation of the sample. [Allotrope] excitation bandwidth setting compartment temperature A compartment temperature is a quality quantification facet quantifying the temperature of some compartment. [Allotrope] compartment temperature chromatogram data cube A chromatogram data cube is a data cube that represents a chromatogram. [Allotrope] chromatogram data cube three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum data cube A three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum. [Allotrope] three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum data cube hygroscopicity code A hygroscopicity code is a code that indicates a range of hygroscopicity. [Allotrope] hygroscopicity code impedance spectrum data cube An impedance spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an impedance spectrum. [Allotrope] impedance spectrum data cube electric impedance An electric impedance is a quality quantification facet quantifying the electric impedance of some material. [Allotrope] electric impedance profile aggregate document A profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates profiles. [Allotrope] profile aggregate document mass profile aggregate document A mass profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates mass profiles. [Allotrope] mass profile aggregate document volume profile aggregate document A volume profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates volume profiles. [Allotrope] volume profile aggregate document temperature profile aggregate document A temperature profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates temperature profiles. [Allotrope] temperature profile aggregate document heat flow profile aggregate document A heat flow profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates heat flow profiles. [Allotrope] heat flow profile aggregate document angular velocity profile aggregate document An angular velocity profile aggregate document is a document that aggregates angular velocity profiles. [Allotrope] angular velocity profile aggregate document chromatography column particle size chromatography column particle size (datum) A chromatography column particle size is a particle size datum that quantifies the dimensions of packing particles in a chromatography column. [Allotrope] chromatography column particle size start time setting A start time setting is a setting specifying the start time of some process. [Allotrope] start time setting end time setting An end time setting is a setting specifying the end time of some process. [Allotrope] end time setting device document A device document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a device. [Allotrope] device document true device type A device type is a classification datum that classifies the type of device used. [Allotrope] device type grip velocity setting A grip velocity setting is a control setting specifying the velocity at which the device grips move during the run. [Allotrope] grip velocity setting ambient humidity An ambient humidity is a quantity facet that quantifies the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope] ambient humidity grip distance setting A grip distance setting is a control setting that specifies the distance between the grips of a device at the start of a measurement run. [Allotrope] grip distance setting sampling orientation type A sampling orientation type is a classification datum that classifies the orientation of the cuts used to separate a sample from the material it was derived from, relative to the device extruding the material. [Allotrope] sampling orientation type true sample shape classification A sample shape classification is a classification datum that classifies the shape of the sample undergoing testing. [Allotrope] sample shape classification sample thickness A sample thickness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the thickness of some sample. [Allotrope] sample thickness sample width A sample width is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the horizontal length of a sample at the point of measurement. [Allotrope] sample width yield stress A yield stress is the stress at the yield point where a material begins to deform plastically. [Wikipedia] yield stress yield strain A yield strain is the strain at the yield point where a material begins to deform plastically. [Wikipedia] yield strain break stress A break stress is the stress at the break point where a material separates into two pieces. [Wikipedia] break stress break strain A break strain is the strain at the break point where a material separates into two pieces. [Wikipedia] break strain peak load force peak load A peak load force is a quality quantification facet quantifying the maximum force applied to a material during the run. [Allotrope] peak load force fracture energy break energy A fracture energy is an energy datum quantifying the energy applied to a material to cause it to fracture. [Allotrope] fracture energy Young modulus Young's modulus Youngs modulus modulus of elasticity A Young modulus is a quality quantification facet quantifying the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material. [Allotrope] Young modulus chord modulus document A chord modulus document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a chord modulus. [Allotrope] chord modulus document chord modulus A chord modulus is the slope of the line drawn between two specified points on a stress-strain curve. [Allotrope] chord modulus start strain point A start strain point is the data point with the lowest abscissa value on a line between two points on a stress-strain curve. [Allotrope] start strain point end strain point An end strain point is the data point with the highest abscissa value on a line between two points on a stress-strain curve. [Allotrope] end strain point secant modulus aggregate document A secant modulus aggregate document is a document that is about a collection of secant modulus documents. [Allotrope] secant modulus aggregate document secant modulus document A secant modulus document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a secant modulus. [Allotrope] secant modulus document secant modulus A secant modulus is the slope of a line from the origin of a stress-strain curve intersecting at a given strain value. [Allotrope] secant modulus strain 2021-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A strain is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the magnitude of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length. [Allotrope] strain stress 2021-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A stress is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. [Allotrope] stress humidity A humidity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some humidity. [Allotrope] humidity sampling orientation code A sampling orientation code is a code that indicates a sampling orientation. [Allotrope] sampling orientation code width width (datum) A width datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies a 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. [Allotrope] width force force (datum) A force datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. [Allotrope] force stress-strain data cube A stress-strain data cube is a data cube that represents a stress-strain curve. [Allotrope] stress-strain data cube stress-strain curve A stress-strain curve is a data distribution function that is a plot of the stress vs strain of a material. [Allotrope] stress-strain curve code scan result A code scan result is an assay result that is the output of a code scanning. [Allotrope] code scan result device response signal A device response signal is a signal that is sent by some device as a result of some prior communication. [Allotrope] device response signal gas chromatography aggregate document A gas chromatography aggregate document is a document that aggregates gas chromatography documents. [Allotrope] gas chromatography aggregate document gas chromatography document A gas chromatography document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a gas chromatography run. [Allotrope] gas chromatography document chromatography column document A chromatography column document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a chromatography column. [Allotrope] chromatography column document chromatography column fill type A chromatography column fill type is a classification datum that classifies a chromatography column by the form of the stationary phase in the column. [Allotrope] Packed, WCOT, PLOT, or SCOT chromatography column fill type chromatography column film thickness chromatography column film thickness (datum) A chromatography column film thickness is a thickness datum that quantifies the thickness of the film coating in a chromatography column. [Allotrope] chromatography column film thickness sampling type A sampling type is a classification datum that classifies the type of sampling approach used to take a sample. [Allotrope] sampling type detector distance setting (foam qualification) base distance A detector distance setting is the distance between the ultrasonic sensor of the foam qualification device and the bottom of a test container during a baseline measurement. [Allotrope] detector distance setting (foam qualification) measurement start setting A measurement start delay setting is a control setting that specifies a delay before starting a measurement process. [Allotrope] measurement start setting ambient pressure An ambient pressure is a quantity facet that quantifies the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope] ambient pressure IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). relative humidity Relative humidity is the ratio, often expressed as a percentage, of the partial pressure of water in the atmosphere at some observed temperature, to the saturation vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature. [IUPAC] relative humidity polyol reservoir temperature A polyol reservoir temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of a reservoir containing polyol. [Allotrope] polyol reservoir temperature reservoir temperature A reservoir temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of some reservoir. [Allotrope] reservoir temperature isocyanate reservoir temperature A isocyanate reservoir temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of a reservoir containing isocyanate. [Allotrope] isocyanate reservoir temperature plate temperature tray temperature A plate temperature is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the temperature of some plate. [Allotrope] plate temperature plate heater temperature A plate heater temperature is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the temperature of some plate heater. [Allotrope] plate heater temperature dielectric polarization field frequency setting A dielectric polarization field frequency setting is a control setting that specifies the frequency of the electrical field used for dielectric polarization of a sample. [Allotrope] dielectric polarization field frequency setting reaction duration A reaction duration is a duration that indicates the time taken for a reaction to complete. [Allotrope] reaction duration force gauge type A force gauge type is a classification datum that classifies some force gauge by its rated force calibration. [Allotrope] force gauge type container shape A container shape is a classification datum that classifies the shape of some container. [Allotrope] container shape container height A container height is a height of some container. [Allotrope] container height container diameter A container diameter is a diameter of some container. [Allotrope] container diameter process termination state type A process termination state type is a classification facet that classifies the process state at the end of a process. [Allotrope] process termination state type start height A start height is the height of some entity at the start of a process. [Allotrope] start height end height An end height is the height of some entity at the end of a process. [Allotrope] end height velocity A velocity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some velocity. [Allotrope] velocity gel time A gel time is the time at which a material's state of matter transitions into a gel. [Allotrope] gel time foam profile data cube A foam profile data cube is a data cube that represents a foam profile. [Allotrope] foam profile data cube dielectric polarization The electric displacement vector and the product of the electric field strength with the permittivity of vacuum. [IUPAC] dielectric polarization viscosity A viscosity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the viscosity of a fluid. [Allotrope] viscosity true foam profile A foam profile is a profile that quantifies the properties of a foam over time. [Allotrope] foam profile mass spectrometry aggregate document A mass spectrometry aggregate document is a document that aggregates mass spectrometry documents. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry aggregate document sample introduction document A sample introduction document is a document that encompasses the information associated with the process of sample introduction. [Allotrope] sample introduction document sample introduction mode setting A sample introduction mode setting is a control setting that specifies the type of sample introduction process to be used, which is the process of loading the sample into a system. [Allotrope] sample introduction mode setting laser firing frequency setting A laser firing frequency setting is a control setting that specifies the frequency of firing of a laser. [Allotrope] laser firing frequency setting sample introduction description A sample introduction description is a description that describes the process of sample introduction. [Allotrope] sample introduction description sample introduction medium A sample introduction medium designates the material type that is used as medium (role) in a sample introduction process in a measurement. [Allotrope] Acetonitrile as the solvent in liquid chromatography, or nitrogen as the carrier gas in gas chromatography. sample introduction medium measurement mode setting acquisition mode setting A measurement mode setting is a control setting that specifies the measurement mode of some measurement process. [Allotrope] MS1, MRM, SIM, PIM, or SRM in mass spectrometry, and qf, qsim, qseq, or DQD in NMR. measurement mode setting detector relative offset setting A detector relative offset setting is a detector setting that specifies the offset of the signals of two detectors to align them along the x-axis. [Allotrope] detector relative offset setting m/z minimum setting SIM mass minimum setting mass minimum setting mass per charge minimum setting mass to charge minimum setting selected ion monitoring minimum mass A m/z minimum setting is a m/z setting that specifies the minimum mass per charge ratio of a scan. [Allotrope] m/z minimum setting m/z maximum setting SIM mass maximum setting mass maximum setting mass per charge maximum setting mass to charge maximum setting selected ion monitoring maximum mass A m/z maximum setting is a m/z setting that specifies the maximum mass per charge ratio of a scan. [Allotrope] m/z maximum setting data processing aggregate document A data processing aggregate document is a document that aggregates data processing documents. [Allotrope] data processing aggregate document data processing document A data processing document is a document that encompasses the metadata associated with a data processing operation. [Allotrope] data processing document data processing type A data processing type is a classification datum that classifies the type of data processing performed. [Allotrope] data processing type data format specification type A data format specification type is a classification datum that classifies the data format used to store data. [Allotrope] Centroid or profile data in mass spectometry data format specification type processed data aggregate document A processed data aggregate document is a document that aggregates processed data documents. [Allotrope] processed data aggregate document processed data document A processed data document is a document that encompasses the output of some data processing operation. [Allotrope] processed data document data processing description A data processing description is a description of some data processing operation. [Allotrope] data processing description maximum row setting (foam height) A maximum row setting is a control setting specifying a maximum row of pixels in a raster image. [Allotrope] maximum row setting (foam height) foam detection sensitivity setting A foam detection sensitivity setting is a control setting that specifies the sensitivity for detection of foam. [Allotrope] foam detection sensitivity setting smoothing window setting A smoothing window setting is a control setting that specifies the smoothing window for foam detection. [Allotrope] smoothing window setting pixel density A pixel density is a figure facet that quantifies the number of pixels per unit size of some image. [Allotrope] pixel density liquid start row A liquid start row is the minimum row of pixels in a raster image where a liquid is detected. [Allotrope] liquid start row liquid end row A liquid end row is the maximum row of pixels in a raster image where a liquid is detected. [Allotrope] liquid end row foam detection result A foam detection result is an assay result that specifies whether foam was detected. [Allotrope] foam detection result foam start row A foam start row is the minimum row of pixels in a raster image where a foam is detected. [Allotrope] foam start row foam end row A foam end row is the maximum row of pixels in a raster image where a foam is detected. [Allotrope] foam end row liquid row count A liquid row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where liquid is detected. [Allotrope] liquid row count foam row count A foam row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where foam is detected, including any air gap if present. [Allotrope] foam row count total row count (foam height) A total row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where any liquid or foam is detected. [Allotrope] total row count (foam height) liquid height A liquid height is a height of some liquid. [Allotrope] liquid height total foam height A total foam height is a height of some foam, including any air gap if present. [Allotrope] total foam height total material height A total material height is the summation of heights of some collection of materials. [Allotrope] total material height air gap detection result An air gap detection result is an assay result that specifies whether an air gap was detected. [Allotrope] air gap detection result normalized foam row count A normalized foam row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where foam is detected, excluding any air gap if present. [Allotrope] normalized foam row count normalized foam height A normalized foam height is a height of some foam, excluding any air gap if present. [Allotrope] normalized foam height above gap foam row count An above gap foam row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where foam is detected above an air gap. [Allotrope] above gap foam row count below gap foam row count A below gap foam row count is a count of the number of rows of pixels in a raster image where foam is detected below an air gap. [Allotrope] below gap foam row count liquid homogeneity gradient A liquid homogeneity gradient is a description describing the magnitude of the difference between the foam and liquid sides of an extrapolated boundary in a sample. [Allotrope] liquid homogeneity gradient exception description An exception description is a description of some unexpected, unusual or unintended situation. [Allotrope] exception description bubble aggregate document A bubble aggregate document is a document that aggregates bubble documents. [Allotrope] bubble aggregate document bubble document A bubble document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a bubble. [Allotrope] bubble document pixel count A pixel count is a count of the number of pixels in some raster image. [Allotrope] pixel count eccentricity An eccentricity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some eccentricity. [Allotrope] eccentricity relative location A relative location is a location facet that denotes a location of an entity relative to some other entity. [Allotrope] relative location centroid y-coordinate A centroid y-coordinate is a y-coordinate for the center point of some entity. [Allotrope] centroid y-coordinate centroid x-coordinate A centroid x-coordinate is an x-coordinate for the center point of some entity. [Allotrope] centroid x-coordinate barcode A barcode is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. [Wikipedia] barcode linear velocity linear velocity (datum) linear velocity result A linear velocity datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies how fast an object is traveling in a straight line, meaning its direction is not changing. [Allotrope] linear velocity height Height is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [Allotrope] height pixel A pixel is a figure facet that is the smallest addressable element in a raster image. [Wikipedia] pixel raster image A raster image is an image represented as a rectangular matrix or grid of square pixels, viewable via a computer display, paper, or other display medium. [Wikipedia] raster image foam height A foam height is a height of some foam. [Allotrope] foam height statistics aggregate document A statistics aggregate document is a document that aggregates statistics documents. [Allotrope] statistics aggregate document statistics document A statistics document is a document that encapsulates the statistical information associated with some population. [Allotrope] statistics document statistical feature A statistical feature is a statistical facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of the members of the aggregate that is common to each member and is used to make aggregated data about the aggregate. [Allotrope] statistical feature start delay start time offset A start delay is a process property that describes a difference in time between a start process boundary and some other point in time. [Allotrope] start delay end delay end time offset An end delay is a process property that describes a difference in time between an end process boundary and some other point in time. [Allotrope] end delay diagnostic trace aggregate document A diagnostic trace aggregate document is a document that aggregates diagnostic trace documents. [Allotrope] diagnostic trace aggregate document diagnostic trace document A diagnostic trace document is a document that encapsulates the information associated with a diagnostic trace. [Allotrope] diagnostic trace document sample flow rate data cube A sample flow rate data cube is a data cube that represents the flow rate through the sample pump of a chromatograph. [Allotrope] sample flow rate data cube system flow rate data cube A system flow rate data cube is a data cube that represents the flow rate through the system pump of a chromatograph. [Allotrope] system flow rate data cube abrasion source description An abrasion source description is a description of the device or manual agent of abrasion in an abrasion process. [Allotrope] abrasion source description coated material description A coated material description is a description of the material with the role of coated material. [Allotrope] coated material description abrading material description An abrading material description is a description of the material with the role of abrading material. [Allotrope] abrading material description coating gap height coating height A coating gap height is a height facet that quantifies the gap between the coating device and the material that is coated in the coating process. [Allotrope] coating gap height abrasion cycle count An abrasion cycle count is a count of the number of abrasion cycles in an abrasion process. [Allotrope] abrasion cycle count abrasion weight An abrasion weight is a mass facet that quantifies the mass of the component used to apply abrasion to a sample. [Allotrope] abrasion weight specular reflection aggregate document A specular reflection aggregate document is a document that aggregates specular reflection documents. [Allotrope] specular reflection aggregate document specular reflection document A specular reflection document is a document about a specular reflection process. [Allotrope] specular reflection document gloss A gloss is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the gloss of a surface. [Allotrope] gloss angle angle datum An angle is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some angle quality. [Allotrope] angle gloss change aggregate document A gloss change aggregate document is a document that aggregates gloss change documents. [Allotrope] gloss change aggregate document gloss change document A gloss change document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a gloss change. [Allotrope] gloss change document gloss change A gloss change is an assay result that quantifies the difference in gloss of a material before and after abrasion. [Allotrope] gloss change device control aggregate document A device control aggregate document is a document that aggregates device control documents. [Allotrope] device control aggregate document device control document A device control document is a document that encompasses the information associated with control of a device. [Allotrope] device control document grip pressure setting A grip pressure setting is a pressure setting that specifies the pressure applied to a material by the closure of a pair of grips. [Allotrope] grip pressure setting dwell time setting (hot tack) A dwell time setting (hot tack) is a control setting that specifies the duration of closure of the grips. [Allotrope] dwell time setting (hot tack) delay time setting (hot tack) A delay time setting (hot tack) is a control setting that specifies the duration between opening of the grips and removal of the sample. [Allotrope] delay time setting (hot tack) heat seal length A heat seal length is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the length of some heat seal between two materials. [Allotrope] heat seal length true break type A break type is a classification datum that classifies the type of separation between two materials. [Allotrope] break type separation aggregate document A separation aggregate document is a document that aggregates separation documents. [Allotrope] separation aggregate document separation document A separation document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some separating process. [Allotrope] separation document pressure setting A pressure setting is a setting that specifies some pressure configuration of a pressure controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target pressure at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] pressure setting break code A break code is a code that indicates the mode of separation of two materials.. [Allotrope] break code gradient segment aggregate document A gradient segment aggregate document is a document that aggregates gradient segment documents. [Allotrope] gradient segment aggregate document gradient segment document A gradient segment document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a step in some gradient profile. [Allotrope] gradient segment document gradient profile setting (chromatography) gradient profile setting A gradient profile setting is a control profile setting that specifies the profile of the ratio of solvents in the mobile phase used over the course of a chromatographic separation. [Allotrope] gradient profile setting (chromatography) log source name A log source name is a written name that denotes the source of some log entry. [Allotrope] log source name true system setting device setting A system setting is a setting that specifies the configuration of some system. [Allotrope] system setting velocity setting A velocity setting is a setting that specifies some velocity configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the velocity of some process occurring at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] velocity setting distance setting A distance setting is a setting that specifies some distance configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the distance between materials at the site of some system component. [Allotrope] distance setting gripping device setting A gripping device setting is a setting that specifies the configuration of a gripping device. [Allotrope] gripping device setting ASM converter name Allotrope Simple Model converter name An ASM converter name is a written name of some software used to convert data into the Allotrope Simple Model format. [Allotrope] ASM converter name ASM converter version Allotrope Simple Model converter version An ASM converter version is a software version specifying the version of an ASM converter used to convert data into the Allotrope Simple Model format. [Allotrope] ASM converter version server identifier A server identifier is an identifier that identifies some server. [Allotrope] server identifier ASM converter method identifier Allotrope Simple Model converter method identifier An ASM converter method identifier is an identifier identifying the method used by an ASM converter to convert data into the Allotrope Simple Model format. [Allotrope] ASM converter method identifier fraction aggregate document A fraction aggregate document is a document that aggregates fraction documents. [Allotrope] fraction aggregate document fraction document A fraction document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a fraction. [Allotrope] fraction document creation time A creation time is the time when an entity was created. [Allotrope] creation time modified time A modified time is the time when a particular change was made to an entity. [Allotrope] modified time last modified time A last modified time is the time when the last change was made to an entity. [Allotrope] last modified time dilution factor A dilution factor is a ratio quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the final volume to the original aliquot volume of a solution in a dilution process. [Allotrope] dilution factor hold-up volume A hold-up volume is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the hold-up volume of a chromatographic column. [Allotrope] hold-up volume relative response A relative response is a ratio quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of an analytes device response signal to the device response signal of some reference material. [Allotrope] relative response peak width at inflection A peak width at inflection is the peak width calculated by the length between its two inflection points. [Allotrope] peak width at inflection integration algorithm An integration algorithm is an algorithm about integration that specifies the way an integration process is carried out. [Allotrope] integration algorithm integration algorithm type An integration algorithm type is a classification datum that classifies the integration algorithm used in an integration process. [Allotrope] integration algorithm type custom information document A custom information document is a document that about some labeled information entity for which limited meaning and/or context is known. [Allotrope] Information placed by a user in acquisition or processing software in a field that is ambiguously defined by the software ( e.g. ‘SPARE FIELD 1’). This allows the information tag and value to be unambiguously linked and therefore retrieved by those with knowledge into its use for the data being interrogated. [Allotrope] custom information document IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook. attenuation coefficient extinction coefficient Linear decadic (a,K) and Napierian attenuation coefficients (α) are equal to the corresponding absorbances divided by the optical path length through the sample, but taking into account also the effects due to scattering and luminescence. The molar absorption coefficients (decadic ε, Napierian κ) are the linear absorption coefficients divided by the amount concentration. [IUPAC] attenuation coefficient protein attenuation coefficient protein extinction coefficient A protein attenuation coefficient is a calculated extinction coefficient at 280 nm of a protein calculated from the number of aromatic amino acids, particularly tryptophan. [Allotrope] protein attenuation coefficient molar attenuation coefficient molar absorptivity 2024-03-18 Reworked to align with mass attenuation coefficient. [Allotrope] A molar attenuation coefficient is an attenuation coefficient where the concentration is a molar concentration. [Allotrope] molar attenuation coefficient column void volume time column dead time column dwell time column void time dead time dwell time void time A column void volume time is the time required for an unretained compound to traverse the column and exit. [Allotrope] column void volume time electronic signature document An electronic signature document is a document about some electronic signature. [Allotrope] electronic signature document account identifier account ID account id user ID user id user identifier user name username An account identifier is an identifier, that identifies an account in a system that people or other systems use to access it. [Allotrope] account identifier data system document A data system document is a document that encapsulates the information associated with some data system. [Allotrope] data system document data system instance identifier A data system instance identifier is an identifier that identifies an instance of some data system. [Allotrope] data system instance identifier column compartment temperature setting A column compartment temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the temperature of some column compartment. [Allotrope] column compartment temperature setting corrected peak area A corrected peak area is a peak area corrected for some relative response factor. [Allotrope] corrected peak area relative corrected peak area corrected peak area (relative) A relative corrected peak area is a relative peak area that denotes the corrected area of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. . [Allotrope] relative corrected peak area asymmetry factor measured at 4.4 % height asymmetry factor measured at 4.4 percent height asymmetry factor measured at 4.4% height 2022-11-28 Changed pref label, added alt label. [Allotrope] A quantitative asymmetry factor equivalent to the ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its trailing edge to that of its fronting edge at 4.4 % of the peak height. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor measured at 4.4 % height asymmetry factor squared measured at 4.4 % height asymmetry factor squared measured at 4.4 percent height asymmetry factor squared measured at 4.4% height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] A quantitative asymmetry factor equivalent to the square of ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its trailing edge to that of its fronting edge at 4.4 % of the peak height. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor squared measured at 4.4 % height asymmetry factor squared measured at 10 % height asymmetry factor squared measured at 10 percent height asymmetry factor squared measured at 10% height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] A quantitative asymmetry factor equivalent to the square of ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its trailing edge to that of its fronting edge at 10 % of the peak height. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor squared measured at 10 % height asymmetry factor measured at baseline A quantitative asymmetry factor equivalent to the square of ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its trailing edge to that of its fronting edge. [Allotrope] asymmetry factor measured at baseline number of theoretical plates measured at 60.7 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 60.7 percent of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 60.7% of peak height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The number of theoretical plates calculated by the peak width at 60.7 % of peak height (2 sigma for a gaussian peak). [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates measured at 60.7 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 32.4 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 32.4 percent of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 32.4% of peak height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The number of theoretical plates calculated by the peak width at 32.4 % of peak height (3 sigma for a gaussian peak). [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates measured at 32.4 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 13.4 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 13.4 percent of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 13.4% of peak height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The number of theoretical plates calculated by the peak width at 13.4 % of peak height (4 sigma for a gaussian peak). [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates measured at 13.4 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 4.4 % of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 4.4 percent of peak height number of theoretical plates measured at 4.4% of peak height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The number of theoretical plates calculated by the peak width at 4.4 % of peak height (5 sigma for a gaussian peak). [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates measured at 4.4 % of peak height peak width at 4.4 % of height peak width at 4.4 percent of height peak width at 4.4% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 4.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 5 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope] peak width at 4.4 % of height peak width at 13.4 % of height peak width at 13.4 percent of height peak width at 13.4% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 13.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 4 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope] peak width at 13.4 % of height peak width at 32.4 % of height peak width at 32.4 percent of height peak width at 32.4% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 32.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 3 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope] peak width at 32.4 % of height peak width at 60.7 % of height peak width at 60.7 percent of height peak width at 60.7% of height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] The peak width calculated at 60.7 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 2 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope] peak width at 60.7 % of height peak leading edge time at 5 % of peak height peak leading edge time at 5 percent of peak height peak leading edge time at 5% of peak height 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope] The time or volume from the center point of a peak to its leading edge at 5 % of the peak height. [Allotrope] peak leading edge time at 5 % of peak height expected retention time An expected retention time is a peak facet that indicates the expected retention time as specified by the data processing method. [Allotrope] expected retention time error code An error code is a code that indicates the error associated with the aborted state of a planned process. [Allotrope] error code chromatography peak type peak type A chromatography peak type is a classification datum that classifies a chromatography peak by the role played by the substance it is a proxy for in the chromatographic process. [Allotrope] main component, mobile phase, excipient chromatography peak type It is mainly used to determine if it is relevant to the particular analysis. chromatography separation type A chromatography separation type is a classification datum that classifies the underlying separation process used in the chromatographic process. [Allotrope] reversed phase, ion exchange, normal phase, ligand chromatography separation type log entry type event type A log entry type is a classification datum that classifies a log entry in a log. [Allotrope] log entry type signature role type A signature role type is a classification datum that classifies the signature role of some signature. [Allotrope] signature role type ASM converter Allotrope Simple Model converter An ASM converter is a software used to convert data into the Allotrope Simple Model format. [Allotrope] ASM converter ADF converter An ADF converter is a software used to convert data into the Allotrope Data Format. [Allotrope] ADF converter impurity chromatography peak type impurity type An impurity type is a classification datum that classifies a peak by the impurity role played by the substance it is a proxy for in the chromatographic process. [Allotrope] impurity chromatography peak type data format conversion software A data format conversion software is a software the converts data into a specified target format. [Allotrope] data format conversion software software name A software name is a name of some software. [Allotrope] software name error An error is a description of a discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. [NCI] error processing enabled setting A processing enabled setting is a data processing setting that allows data processing to occur. [Allotrope] processing enabled setting peak symmetry factor measured at 5 % peak height peak symmetry factor measured at 5% peak height A chromatography peak facet equivalent to the ratio of the time or volume from the center point of a peak to its fronting edge divided by the entire width of the peak at 5% of the peak height. [Allotrope] peak symmetry factor measured at 5 % peak height number of theoretical plates by peak width at half height (JP14) number of theoretical plates by JP14 method The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the peak width measured at half height, adjusted to use 5.55 as the square of the standard deviation in accordance with JP14. [Allotrope] number of theoretical plates by peak width at half height (JP14) Japanese Pharmacopeia previously required use of a different constant value to the one currently used in alignment with European Pharmacopeia for the square of the standard deviation in this method. This term represents results calculated using that alternate constant value. column compartment setting (chromatography) column compartment setting A parameter specification specific to the column compartment in the chromatography system. [Allotrope] column compartment setting (chromatography) calibration curve identifier calibration curve id standard curve id standard curve identifier A calibration curve identifier is an identifier that identifies a particular calibration curve. [Allotrope] calibration curve identifier standard identifier standard id A standard identifier is an identifier that identifies a standard being measured. [Allotrope] standard identifier minimum peak detection slope setting (chromatography) A minimum peak detection slope setting is a data processing setting that defines the minimum slope of the signal (rate of change of the signal per acquisition time) at or above which the start of a peak is detected. [Allotrope] minimum peak detection slope setting (chromatography) void volume V0 interparticle volume of the column interstitial volume A void volume is the volume occupied by the mobile phase between the particles in the packed section of a column. [IUPAC] In gas chromatography, the symbol V_G may be used for the interparticle volume of the column. In the ideal case, neglecting any extra-column volume, V_G is equal to the corrected gas hold-up volume (V0_M). V_G = V0_M = V_M [IUPAC] In liquid chromatography, the interparticle volume is equal to the mobile-phase hold-up volume (V_M) in the ideal case, neglecting any extra-column volume. [IUPAC] void volume amount of substance amount of substance (datum) An amount of substance (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some amount of substance. [Allotrope] amount of substance seal initiation temperature A seal initiation temperature is the temperature at which a seal is initiated, determined by the seal's strength reaching 4 Newtons. [Allotrope] seal initiation temperature dissolution vessel identifier A dissolution vessel identifier is an identifier that identifies some dissolution vessel. [Allotrope] dissolution vessel identifier bath identifier A bath identifier is an identifier that identifies some bath. [Allotrope] bath identifier sampling time A sampling time is an elapsed time at which a sample was taken from a process measured from the start of that process. [Allotrope] sampling time suitability calculations enabled setting A suitability calculations enabled setting is a data processing setting that indicates if system suitability results are to be calculated. [Allotrope] suitability calculations enabled setting unknown suitability calculations enabled setting An unknown suitability calculations enabled setting is a data processing setting that indicates if system suitability results are to be calculated for unknowns. [Allotrope] unknown suitability calculations enabled setting suitability pharmacopoeia setting A suitability pharmacopoeia setting is a data processing setting that indicates which pharmacopoeia calculation methods are to be used. [Allotrope] suitability pharmacopoeia setting half height multiplier plate count setting (USP) A half height multiplier plate count setting (USP) is a data processing setting that indicates at which peak height the USP plate count should be calculated. [Allotrope] half height multiplier plate count setting (USP) half height multiplier resolution setting (USP) A half height multiplier resolution setting (USP) is a data processing setting that indicates at which peak height the USP resolution should be calculated. [Allotrope] half height multiplier resolution setting (USP) signal to noise calculation enabled setting A signal to noise calculation enabled setting is a data processing setting that indicates if signal to noise results are to be calculated. [Allotrope] signal to noise calculation enabled setting blank injection noise calculation setting A blank injection noise calculation setting is a data processing setting that indicates that a blank injection is to be used for calculating baseline noise. [Allotrope] blank injection noise calculation setting half height multiplier signal to noise setting (USP) A half height multiplier signal to noise setting (USP) is a data processing setting that indicates the half height multiplier that is to be used in determining the baseline region for calculating noise in USP S/N calculations. [Allotrope] half height multiplier signal to noise setting (USP) half height multiplier signal to noise setting (EP) A half height multiplier signal to noise setting (EP) is a data processing setting that indicates the half height multiplier that is to be used in determining the baseline region for calculating noise in EP S/N calculations. [Allotrope] half height multiplier signal to noise setting (EP) half height multiplier signal to noise setting (JP) A half height multiplier signal to noise setting (JP) is a data processing setting that indicates the half height multiplier that is to be used in determining the baseline region for calculating noise in JP S/N calculations. [Allotrope] half height multiplier signal to noise setting (JP) noise type A noise type is a classification datum that classifies the type of noise being measured. [Allotrope] noise type baseline noise minimum runtime percentage setting A baseline noise minimum runtime percentage setting is a data processing setting that indicates the minimal duration for calculating the baseline noise as a percentage of the run time. [Allotrope] baseline noise minimum runtime percentage setting maximum allowable noise setting A maximum allowable noise setting is a data processing setting that indicates the maximum allowed noise value for measured noise in order for a run to be deemed valid. [Allotrope] maximum allowable noise setting maximum allowable baseline drift setting A maximum allowable baseline drift setting is a data processing setting that indicates the maximum allowed drift value for measured signal in order for a run to be deemed valid. [Allotrope] maximum allowable baseline drift setting baseline noise minimum duration setting A baseline noise minimum duration setting is a data processing setting that indicates the minimum duration that can be used to measure the baseline noise. [Allotrope] baseline noise minimum duration setting method version A method version is a version number that identifies a method. [Allotrope] method version dispensing duration A dispensing duration is a duration that indicates the time taken for a material to be dispensed. [Allotrope] dispensing duration dispensed volume A dispensed volume is a volume (datum) that quantifies the volume of material that was dispensed. [Allotrope] dispensed volume torque torque (datum) A torque is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some torque. [Allotrope] torque rotational speed A rotational speed is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some rotational speed. [Allotrope] rotational speed location identifier A location identifier is an identifier that identifies some location or site. [Allotrope] location identifier plate reader aggregate document A plate reader aggregate document is a document that aggregates plate reader documents. [Allotrope] plate reader aggregate document plate reader document A plate reader document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some plate reader run. [Allotrope] plate reader document foam height aggregate document A foam height aggregate document is a document that aggregates foam height documents. [Allotrope] foam height aggregate document foam height document A foam height document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some foam height run. [Allotrope] foam height document foam qualification aggregate document A foam qualification aggregate document is a document that aggregates foam qualification documents. [Allotrope] foam qualification aggregate document foam qualification document A foam qualification document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some foam qualification run. [Allotrope] foam qualification document gloss aggregate document A gloss aggregate document is a document that aggregates gloss documents. [Allotrope] gloss aggregate document gloss document A gloss document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some gloss run. [Allotrope] gloss document hot tack aggregate document A hot tack aggregate document is a document that aggregates hot tack documents. [Allotrope] hot tack aggregate document hot tack document A hot tack document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some hot tack run. [Allotrope] hot tack document tensile test aggregate document A tensile test aggregate document is a document that aggregates tensile test documents. [Allotrope] tensile test aggregate document tensile test document A tensile test document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some tensile test run. [Allotrope] tensile test document mass spectrum data cube A mass spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a mass spectrum. [Allotrope] mass spectrum data cube custom information aggregate document A custom information aggregate document is a document that aggregates custom information documents. [Allotrope] custom information aggregate document cell counting aggregate document A cell counting aggregate document is a document that aggregates cell counting documents. [Allotrope] cell counting aggregate document cell counting document A cell counting document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a cell counting run. [Allotrope] cell counting document illumination setting An illumination setting is a setting that specifies the intensity of some illumination. [Allotrope] illumination setting exposure duration setting An exposure duration setting is a setting that specifies the duration of some exposure. [Allotrope] exposure duration setting minimum cell diameter setting A minimum cell diameter setting is a data processing setting that specifies the minimum diameter used to identify a cell in a cell counting assay. [Allotrope] minimum cell diameter setting maximum cell diameter setting A maximum cell diameter setting is a data processing setting that specifies the maximum diameter used to identify a cell in a cell counting assay. [Allotrope] maximum cell diameter setting dead cell density (cell counter) dead cell density dead density Dead cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the dead cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] dead cell density (cell counter) average dead cell diameter (cell counter) average dead cell diameter average dead diameter dead cell diameter Average dead cell diameter is a cell counter result data that states the average diameter of the dead cells measured. [Allotrope] average dead cell diameter (cell counter) average total cell circularity An average total cell circularity is a cell counter result datum that quantifies the circularity of all cells in a cell counting assay. [Allotrope] average total cell circularity average viable cell circularity An average viable cell circularity is a cell counter result datum that quantifies the circularity of all viable cells in a cell counting assay. [Allotrope] average viable cell circularity image aggregate document An image aggregate document is a document that aggregates image documents. [Allotrope] image aggregate document fluorescent tag setting A fluorescent tag setting is a setting that specifies the fluorescent tag being targeted. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag setting fluorescent tag positive cell count Fluorescent tag positive cell count is a cell counter result data that states the number of fluorescent tag positive cells that were counted in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag positive cell count fluorescent tag positive cell density Fluorescent tag positive cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the fluorescent tag positive cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag positive cell density fluorescent tag positive percentage A fluorescent tag positive percentage is a cell counter result datum that quantifies the percentage of fluorescent tag positive cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag positive percentage circularity circularity (datum) A circularity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the two-dimensional roundness of an entity. [Allotrope] circularity true fluorescent tag identifier A fluorescent tag identifier is an identifier for the type of molecules having the role of fluorescent tag. [Allotrope] fluorescent tag identifier analyte identifier An analyte identifier is an identifier that identifies some material with the role of analyte. [Allotrope] analyte identifier mass chromatogram data cube A mass chromatogram data cube is a data cube that is a representation of some mass chromatogram. [Allotrope] mass chromatogram data cube three-dimensional mass spectrum data cube 3 dimensional mass spectrum data cube 3-D mass spectrum data cube 3-dimensional mass spectrum data cube 3D mass spectrum data cube three dimensional mass spectrum data cube A three-dimensional mass spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a three-dimensional mass spectrum. [Allotrope] three-dimensional mass spectrum data cube peak assignment identifier A peak assignment identifier is an identifier that identifies some material with the role of analyte that the peak is assigned to represent. [Allotrope] peak assignment identifier peak group identifier A peak group identifier is an identifier that identifiers some peak group. [Allotrope] peak group identifier peak slope at start peak onset slope A peak slope at start is a peak facet that denotes the slope of the baseline at the peak start. [Allotrope] peak slope at start chromatographic peak resolution using Foley-Dorsey method A chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated using peak widths from the Foley Dorsey equation for asymmetric peaks. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution using Foley-Dorsey method chromatographic peak resolution using peak widths at 4.4 % height chromatographic peak resolution using peak widths at 4.4% height A chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated using peak widths at 4.4 % peak height. [Allotrope] chromatographic peak resolution using peak widths at 4.4 % height zeroth order raw moment A zeroth order raw moment is a descriptive statistic that denotes the area under the curve of a distribution. [Allotrope] zeroth order raw moment kurtosis Kurtosis is a descriptive statistic that is a measure of the tailedness of a distribution. [Wikipedia] kurtosis mass spectrum identifier A mass spectrum identifier is an identifier that identifies some mass spectrum. [Allotrope] mass spectrum identifier ultraviolet-visible spectrum identifier An ultraviolet-visible spectrum identifier is an identifier that identifies some ultraviolet-visible spectrum. [Allotrope] ultraviolet-visible spectrum identifier well plate identifier A well plate identifier is an identifier that identifies some well plate. [Allotrope] well plate identifier calculated data aggregate document A calculated data aggregate document is a document that aggregates calculated data documents. [Allotrope] calculated data aggregate document calculated data document A calculated data document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some calculation. [Allotrope] calculated data document calculated data name A calculated data name is a written name that denotes the data output of some calculation. [Allotrope] calculated data name calculated result A calculated result is a mathematical object that is the data output of some calculation. [Allotrope] calculated result calculated data identifier A calculated data identifier is an identifier that identifies the data output of some calculation. [Allotrope] calculated data identifier data source aggregate document A data source aggregate document is a document that aggregates data source documents. [Allotrope] data source aggregate document data source document A data source document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some data with the role of data input. [Allotrope] data source document data source identifier A data source identifier is an identifier that identifies some data with the role of data input. [Allotrope] data source identifier processed data identifier A processed data identifier is an identifier that identifies the data output of some data transformation.. [Allotrope] processed data identifier data source feature A data source feature is a facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of some data with the role of data input. [Allotrope] data source feature qPCR aggregate document A qPCR aggregate document is a document that aggregates qPCR documents. [Allotrope] qPCR aggregate document qPCR document A qPCR document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some qPCR experiment. [Allotrope] qPCR document total cycle number setting A total cycle number setting is a control setting that specifies the number of cycles to run in some repeated process. [Allotrope] total cycle number setting denaturing temperature setting A denaturing temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the intended temperature of some denaturing process. [Allotrope] denaturing temperature setting denaturing duration setting A denaturing duration setting is a duration setting that specifies the intended duration of some denaturing process. [Allotrope] denaturing duration setting annealing temperature setting An annealing temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the intended temperature of some annealing process. [Allotrope] annealing temperature setting annealing duration setting An annealing duration setting is a duration setting that specifies the intended duration of some annealing process. [Allotrope] annealing duration setting primer extension temperature setting A primer extension temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the intended temperature of some primer extension process. [Allotrope] primer extension temperature setting primer extension duration setting A primer extension duration setting is a duration setting that specifies the intended duration of some primer extension process. [Allotrope] primer extension duration setting genotyping qPCR method identifier A genotyping qPCR method identifier is an identifier that identifies the method used for some genotyping qPCR experiment. [Allotrope] genotyping qPCR method identifier genotyping qPCR method setting A genotyping qPCR method setting is a control setting that specifies the threshold of some genotyping qPCR experiment. [Allotrope] genotyping qPCR method setting true genotyping qPCR result genotyping qPCR assay result genotyping qualitative PCR result genotyping qualitative polymerase chain reaction result A genotyping qPCR result is an assay result that is output of a genotyping qPCR experiment. [Allotrope] genotyping qPCR result reporter data cube A reporter data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of reporter dye result against cycle. [Allotrope] reporter data cube passive reference dye data cube A passive reference dye data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of passive reference dye result against cycle. [Allotrope] passive reference dye data cube melting curve data cube A melting curve data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of fluorescence against temperature. [Allotrope] melting curve data cube reference DNA description A reference DNA description is a description that describes the DNA target of a reference gene or endogenous control within the PCR experiment. [Allotrope] reference DNA description reference sample description A reference sample description is a description that describes some material with the role of reference sample. [Allotrope] reference sample description first order raw moment A first order raw moment is a descriptive statistic that denotes the mean of a distribution. [Allotrope] first order raw moment ASM conversion document Allotrope Simple Model conversion document An ASM conversion document is a data processing document that encompasses the information associated with an ASM conversion process. [Allotrope] ASM conversion document group identifier collection identifier A group identifier is an identifier that identifies some collection or group. [Allotrope] group identifier solution analyzer aggregate document A solution analyzer aggregate document is a document that aggregates solution analyzer documents. [Allotrope] solution analyzer aggregate document solution analyzer document A solution analyzer document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some solution analyzer run. [Allotrope] solution analyzer document carbon dioxide saturation CO2 saturation A carbon dioxide saturation is a ratio of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to the barometric pressure, expressed as a percentage. [Allotrope] carbon dioxide saturation oxygen saturation O2 saturation An oxygen saturation is a ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen to the barometric pressure, expressed as a percentage. [Allotrope] oxygen saturation pCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide pCO2 is a partial pressure that quantifies the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in solution. [Allotrope] pCO2 pO2 partial pressure of oxygen pO2 is a partial pressure that quantifies the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in solution. [Allotrope] pO2 PCR aggregate document A PCR aggregate document is a document that aggregates PCR documents. [Allotrope] PCR aggregate document PCR document A PCR document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some PCR experiment. [Allotrope] PCR document total partition count A total partition count is a count of the number of partitions detected during a measurement. [Allotrope] total partition count fluorescence intensity threshold setting A fluorescence intensity threshold setting is a data processing setting that sets the fluorescence threshold value for objects within a measurement to be considered positive for a reporter. [Allotrope] fluorescence intensity threshold setting positive partition count A positive partition count is a count of the number of partitions classified as being positive relative to a threshold. [Allotrope] positive partition count negative partition count A negative partition count is a count of the number of partitions classified as being negative relative to a threshold. [Allotrope] negative partition count reference DNA copy number A reference DNA copy number is a PCR result specifying the DNA copy number of a reference gene or endogenous control within a PCR experiment. [Allotrope] reference DNA copy number image count setting An image count setting is a control setting that specifies the number of images to be collected in the acquisition process. [Allotrope] image count setting sampling depth setting A sampling depth setting is a control setting that specifies the focal depth of a probing signal. [Allotrope] sampling depth setting probe volume A probe volume is the volume of a sample actively being measured by a detector or probe. [Allotrope] probe volume Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. number concentration amount concentration number concentration (datum) number concentration result A number concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the number of entities of a constituent in a mixture divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope] number concentration spectrophotometry aggregate document A spectrophotometry aggregate document is a document that aggregates spectrophotometry documents. [Allotrope] spectrophotometry aggregate document spectrophotometry document A spectrophotometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some spectrophotometry run. [Allotrope] spectrophotometry document cell path length setting A cell path length setting is a control setting that specifies some cell path length. [Allotrope] cell path length setting attenuation coefficient setting An attenuation coefficient setting is a control setting that specifies some attenuation coefficient. [Allotrope] attenuation coefficient setting multi analyte profiling aggregate document A multi analyte profiling aggregate document is a document that aggregates multi analyte profiling documents. [Allotrope] multi analyte profiling aggregate document multi analyte profiling document A multi analyte profiling document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some multi analyte profiling run. [Allotrope] multi analyte profiling document minimum assay bead count threshold setting A minimum assay bead count threshold setting is a control setting that specifies the threshold value for assay bead counts to be reported. [Allotrope] minimum assay bead count threshold setting assay bead count An assay bead count is a count of the number of assay beads. [Allotrope] assay bead count assay bead identifier An assay bead identifier is an identifier that identifies some assay bead or beads. [Allotrope] assay bead identifier stress aggregate document A stress aggregate document is a document that is about a collection of stress documents. [Allotrope] stress aggregate document stress document A stress document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a stress. [Allotrope] stress document mass attenuation coefficient setting A mass attenuation coefficient setting is a control setting that specifies some mass attenuation coefficient. [Allotrope] mass attenuation coefficient setting molar attenuation coefficient setting A molar attenuation coefficient setting is a control setting that specifies some molar attenuation coefficient. [Allotrope] molar attenuation coefficient setting mass attenuation coefficient A mass attenuation coefficient is an attenuation coefficient where the concentration is a mass concentration. [Allotrope] mass attenuation coefficient error aggregate document An error aggregate document is a document that aggregates error documents. [Allotrope] error aggregate document error document An error document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some error. [Allotrope] error document error feature An error feature is a facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of some data with the role of error. [Allotrope] error feature temperature monitoring aggregate document A temperature monitoring aggregate document is a document that aggregates temperature monitoring documents. [Allotrope] temperature monitoring aggregate document temperature monitoring document A temperature monitoring document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a temperature measurement. [Allotrope] temperature monitoring document stirring aggregate document A stirring aggregate document is a document that aggregates stirring documents. [Allotrope] stirring aggregate document stirring document A stirring document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a stirring process. [Allotrope] stirring document pressure monitoring aggregate document A pressure monitoring aggregate document is a document that aggregates pressure monitoring documents. [Allotrope] pressure monitoring aggregate document pressure monitoring document A pressure monitoring document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a pressure measurement. [Allotrope] pressure monitoring document pH monitoring aggregate document A pH monitoring aggregate document is a document that aggregates pH monitoring documents. [Allotrope] pH monitoring aggregate document pH monitoring document A pH monitoring document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a pH measurement. [Allotrope] pH monitoring document true absorption profile An absorption profile is a profile that quantifies the optical spectrometry absorbance of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] absorption profile absorption profile data cube An absorption profile data cube is a data cube that represents an absorption profile. [Allotrope] absorption profile data cube true fluorescence emission profile A fluorescence emission profile is a profile that quantifies the fluorescence emission of a material entity over time. [Allotrope] fluorescence emission profile fluorescence emission profile data cube A fluorescence emission profile data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence emission profile. [Allotrope] fluorescence emission profile data cube solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aggregate document solution-state NMR aggregate document solution-state NMR spectroscopy aggregate document A solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aggregate document is a document that aggregates solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance documents. [Allotrope] solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aggregate document solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy document solution-state NMR document solution-state NMR spectroscopy document A solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy run. [Allotrope] solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy document ASM file Allotrope Simple Model file An ASM file is a file that conforms to the Allotrope Simple Model specification. [Allotrope] ASM file ASM file identifier Allotrope Simple Model file identifier An ASM file identifier is an identifier that identifies some ASM file. [Allotrope] ASM file identifier nuclear magnetic resonance frequency NMR frequency A nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is the frequency at which NMR active nuclei absorb electromagnetic radiation. It is characteristic of the isotope and is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field of the instrument. [Wikipedia] nuclear magnetic resonance frequency nuclear magnetic resonance solvent type NMR solvent type A nuclear magnetic resonance solvent type is a classification datum that classifies the solvent used in a solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance assay. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance solvent type nuclear magnetic resonance setting A nuclear magnetic resonance setting is a setting that specifies some configuration of a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance setting spectral width setting A spectral width setting is a nuclear magnetic resonance setting that describes the range over which data is to be collected. [Allotrope] spectral width setting pulse sequence setting A pulse sequence setting is a nuclear magnetic resonance setting that describes a series of radio frequency pulses applied to the sample, such that the free induction decay is related to the characteristic frequencies of the desired signals. [Wikipedia] pulse sequence setting pulse duration setting pulse width setting A pulse duration setting is a nuclear magnetic resonance setting that specifies the duration of time the NMR applies the radio pulse per scan in order to flip the spin states of the active nuclei to be measured. [Allotrope] pulse duration setting relaxation delay setting scan delay setting A relaxation delay setting is a nuclear magnetic resonance setting that specifies the duration of time the NMR allocates for the nuclei spin states to return to their original state after being exposed to the radio pulse. [Allotrope] relaxation delay setting presaturation frequency setting A presaturation frequency setting is a nuclear magnetic resonance setting that specifies the frequency of an initial low power pulse generally applied to suppress the signal associated with the solvent. [Allotrope] presaturation frequency setting free induction decay spectrum data cube FID data cube FID spectrum data cube A free induction decay spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a free induction decay spectrum. [Allotrope] free induction decay spectrum data cube free induction decay spectrum FID spectra FID spectrum free induction decay spectra A free induction decay spectrum is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum that quantifies the combined decay of aligned nuclear spins after excitation with a short radio-frequency pulse (data before the Fourier transform to the frequency domain). [Allotrope] free induction decay spectrum zero-order phase adjustment setting constant phase correction constant phase correction setting frequency independent phase correction frequency independent phase correction setting ph0 ph0 setting A zero-order phase adjustment setting is a data processing setting to counter the linear phase shift effect of delay time δ on an NMR signal. [Allotrope] zero-order phase adjustment setting first-order phase adjustment setting frequency dependent phase correction frequency dependent phase correction setting ph1 ph1 setting A first-order phase adjustment setting is a data processing setting to counter the effect that different resonances in a spectrum may not experience the same flip angle from magnetization. [Allotrope] first-order phase adjustment setting NMR multiplet aggregate document nuclear magnetic resonance multiplet aggregate document An NMR multiplet aggregate document is a document that aggregates NMR multiplet documents. [Allotrope] NMR multiplet aggregate document NMR multiplet document nuclear magnetic resonance multiplet document An NMR multiplet document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an NMR multiplet. [Allotrope] NMR multiplet document NMR multiplet type nuclear magnetic resonance multiplet type An NMR multiplet type is a classification datum that classifies a multiplet in a nuclear magnetic resonance assay. [Allotrope] NMR multiplet type J-coupling aggregate document A J-coupling aggregate document is a document that aggregates J-coupling documents. [Allotrope] J-coupling aggregate document J-coupling document A J-coupling document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a J-coupling. [Allotrope] J-coupling document inversion enabled setting An inversion enabled setting is a data processing setting specifying if a complex-conjugate of the data is performed before the protocol and FT is applied. [Allotrope] inversion enabled setting data shuffling algorithm setting A data shuffling algorithm setting is a data processing setting specifying the algorithm used to process phase sensitive two-dimensional spectra. [Allotrope] data shuffling algorithm setting quadrature setting A quadrature setting is a data processing setting to distinguish the negative frequencies from the positive ones by the detection and summation of the in-phase and ninety degree out-of-phase magnetizations (two-channel mode). [Allotrope] quadrature setting real Fourier transform enabled setting A real Fourier transform enabled setting is a data processing setting specifying that a real Fourier Transform is executed as opposed to the conventional Discreet Fourier Transform. [Allotrope] real Fourier transform enabled setting swap IR II enabled setting A swap IR II enabled setting is a data processing setting specifying that the IR and II quadrants are swapped before performing the Fourier transform to cover Relay_CH coefficients 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1. [Allotrope] swap IR II enabled setting change II sign enabled setting A change II sign enabled setting is a data processing setting specifying that the sign of the II quadrant is flipped before the Fourier transform to cover Relay_2CH coefficients 1 0 -1 0 0 1 0 -1. [Allotrope] change II sign enabled setting nuclear magnetic resonance tube document A nuclear magnetic resonance tube document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a nuclear magnetic resonance tube. [Allotrope] nuclear magnetic resonance tube document relative abundance A relative abundance is a quality quantification facet quantifying the relative number of atoms of a particular isotope in a mixture of the isotope of an element, expressed as a fraction of all the atoms of the element. [Allotrope] relative abundance expected peak position An expected peak position is a prediction that indicates the position of a peak as predicted by theory and/or historical data. [Allotrope] expected peak position frequency setting A frequency setting is a setting that specifies some frequency. [Allotrope] frequency setting maximum frequency setting A maximum frequency setting is a setting that specifies the upper limit of some frequency. [Allotrope] maximum frequency setting minimum frequency setting A minimum frequency setting is a setting that specifies the lower limit of some frequency. [Allotrope] minimum frequency setting multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum data cube multi-dimensional FID data cube multi-dimensional FID spectrum data cube multi-dimensional free induction decay data cube multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum data cube A multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum data cube is a representation of a free induction decay spectrum with more than one dimension. [Allotrope] multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum data cube multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube multi-dimensional NMR data cube multi-dimensional NMR spectrum data cube A multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube is a representation of a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum with more than one dimension. [Allotrope] multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube dimension type A dimension type is a classification datum that classifies a dimension as directly or indirectly measured. [Allotrope] dimension type dimension identifier A dimension identifier is an identifier that identifies some dimension. [Allotrope] dimension identifier J-coupling constant A J-coupling constant is a data region facet that quantifies the horizontal distance on a spectrum between two peaks in the same NMR multiplet. [Allotrope] J-coupling constant data region identifier A data region identifier is an identifier that identifies some data region. [Allotrope] data region identifier data region name A data region name is a written name that denotes some data region. [Allotrope] data region name data region start A data region start is a data region facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the region. [Allotrope] data region start data region end A data region end is a data region facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the region. [Allotrope] data region end data region area A data region area is a data region facet that quantitates the area enclosed by a data region and the selected baseline. [Allotrope] data region area relative data region area data region area (relative) A relative data region area is a data region facet that denotes the area of the data region relative to some other region or summation of regions. [Allotrope] relative data region area baseline value at start of data region A baseline value at start of data region is a data region facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a data region at the region start. [Allotrope] baseline value at start of data region baseline value at end of data region A baseline value at end of data region is a data region facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a data region at the region end. [Allotrope] baseline value at end of data region data region value at start A data region value at start is a data region facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the region. [Allotrope] data region value at start data region value at end A data region value at end is a data region facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the region. [Allotrope] data region value at end electrophoresis aggregate document An electrophoresis aggregate document is a document that aggregates electrophoresis documents. [Allotrope] electrophoresis aggregate document electrophoresis document An electrophoresis document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an electrophoresis run. [Allotrope] electrophoresis document electropherogram data cube An electropherogram data cube is a data cube that represents an electropherogram. [Allotrope] electropherogram data cube true derived electropherogram A derived electropherogram is derived from the outcome of an electrophoresis run and reports the response of the detector as a function of a derived unit. [Allotrope] derived electropherogram derived electropherogram data cube A derived electropherogram data cube is a data cube that represents a derived electropherogram. [Allotrope] derived electropherogram data cube polymer length A polymer length is a length datum that quantifies the length of some polymer. [Allotrope] polymer length true data region facet A data region facet is a facet that is part of a data region. [Allotrope] data region facet true data region A data region describes a part of a data distribution function at a definite range of the experimental parameter (independent variable) of the distribution function. This definition includes a single data point of the distribution function. [Allotrope] data region data region point A data region point is a data point that is a member of a data region. [Allotrope] data region point data region start point A data region start point is the data point of the region with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope] data region start point data region end point A data region end point is the data point of the region with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope] data region end point osmolality aggregate document An osmolality aggregate document is a document that aggregates osmolality documents. [Allotrope] osmolality aggregate document osmolality document An osmolality document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an osmolality run. [Allotrope] osmolality document weighing aggregate document A weighing aggregate document is a document that aggregates weighing documents. [Allotrope] weighing aggregate document weighing document A weighing document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a weighing. [Allotrope] weighing document electronic signature aggregate document An electronic signature aggregate document is a document that aggregates electronic signature documents. [Allotrope] electronic signature aggregate document chromatography column separation mode A chromatography column separation mode is a classification datum that classifies a column by the type of chromatography it supports. [Allotrope] chromatography column separation mode stationary phase document A stationary phase document is a document that encapsulates the information associated with a stationary phase. [Allotrope] stationary phase document substrate document A substrate document is a document that encapsulates the information associated with a substrate. [Allotrope] substrate document substrate permeability type A substrate permeability type is a classification datum that classifies the permeability of a substrate. [Allotrope] substrate permeability type substrate material description A substrate material description is a description of the material used in a substrate. [Allotrope] substrate material description phase chemistry type A phase chemistry type is a classification datum that classifies the chemistry of some stationary phase. [Allotrope] phase chemistry type acidity (hydrophobic subtraction) An acidity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the acidity of a chromatographic stationary phase. [Allotrope] acidity (hydrophobic subtraction) basicity (hydrophobic subtraction) A basicity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the basicity of a chromatographic stationary phase. [Allotrope] basicity (hydrophobic subtraction) hydrophobicity (hydrophobic subtraction) A hydrophobicity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the hydrophobicity of a chromatographic stationary phase. [Allotrope] hydrophobicity (hydrophobic subtraction) steric resistance (hydrophobic subtraction) A steric resistance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the steric resistance of a chromatographic stationary phase. [Allotrope] steric resistance (hydrophobic subtraction) polarizability (hydrophobic subtraction) A polarizability is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the polarizability of a chromatographic stationary phase. [Allotrope] polarizability (hydrophobic subtraction) automated reactor aggregate document An automated reactor aggregate document is a document that aggregates automated reactor documents. [Allotrope] automated reactor aggregate document automated reactor document An automated reactor document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an automated reactor run. [Allotrope] automated reactor document capability aggregate document A capability aggregate document is a document that aggregates capability documents. [Allotrope] capability aggregate document capability document A capability document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some capability. [Allotrope] capability document capability feature A capability feature is a facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of some data with the role of specified capability. [Allotrope] capability feature number of scans setting A number of scans setting is a setting that specifies the number of scans scans that are taken as part of or aggregated into a single measurement. [Allotrope] number of scans setting multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum NMR spectra NMR spectrum multi dimensional NMR spectrum nuclear magnetic resonance spectra nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum A multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is a spectrum with multiple dimensions that shows the response of spin-active nuclei to radio frequency radiation in an applied magnetic field. [CHMO] multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum FID spectra FID spectrum free induction decay spectra free induction decay spectrum multi dimensional FID spectrum A multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum with multiple dimensions that quantifies the combined decay of aligned nuclear spins after excitation with a short radio-frequency pulse (data before the Fourier transform to the frequency domain. [Allotrope] multi-dimensional free induction decay spectrum analysis sequence document An analysis sequence document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an analysis sequence. [Allotrope] analysis sequence document data region aggregate document A data region aggregate aggregate document is a document that aggregates data region documents. [Allotrope] data region aggregate document data region document A data region document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a data region. [Allotrope] data region document distribution aggregate document A distribution aggregate document is a document that aggregates distribution documents. [Allotrope] distribution aggregate document true distribution identifier A distribution identifier is an identifier that identifies some distribution. [Allotrope] distribution identifier rheometry aggregate document A rheometry aggregate document is a document that aggregates rheometry documents. [Allotrope] rheometry aggregate document rheometry document A rheometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a rheometry run. [Allotrope] rheometry document measurement chamber document A measurement chamber document is a document that encapsulates the information associated with a measurement chamber. [Allotrope] measurement chamber document measurement chamber type A measurement chamber type is a classification datum that classifies some measurement chamber. [Allotrope] measurement chamber type gap length A gap length is a length that quantifies the length of some gap between two surfaces. [Allotrope] gap length radius A radius is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some radius. [Allotrope] radius cup radius A cup radius is a radius that quantifies the radius of some cup. [Allotrope] cup radius bob radius A bob radius is a radius that quantifies the radius of some bob. [Allotrope] bob radius truncation A truncation is a length that quantifies the gap between the tip of a cone and a flat surface in a rheometry experiment. [Allotrope] truncation rheometry data cube rheometry curve data cube A rheometry data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a rheometry curve. [Allotrope] rheometry data cube rheometry curve A rheometry curve is a data distribution function that is the plot of the rheological properties of some fluid. [Allotrope] rheometry curve peak type A peak type is a classification datum that classifies a peak by the role played by the substance it is a proxy for in some process. [Allotrope] main component, mobile phase, excipient peak type It is mainly used to determine if it is relevant to the particular analysis. electronic spectrometry aggregate document A electronic spectrometry aggregate document is a document that aggregates electronic spectrometry documents. [Allotrope] electronic spectrometry aggregate document electronic spectrometry document A electronic spectrometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some electronic spectrometry run. [Allotrope] electronic spectrometry document illumination mode setting An illumination mode setting is a control setting specifying the approach used in some illumination. [Allotrope] illumination mode setting auto focus enabled setting An auto focus enabled setting is a control setting that activates or deactivates automatic focusing of some image capture. [Allotrope] auto focus enabled setting binding affinity assay aggregate document A binding affinity assay aggregate document is a document that aggregates binding affinity assay documents. [Allotrope] binding affinity assay aggregate document binding affinity assay document A binding affinity assay document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some binding affinity assay. [Allotrope] binding affinity assay document receptor name A receptor name is a name that denotes some receptor. [Allotrope] receptor name flow cell identifier A flow cell identifier is an identifier that identifies some flow cell. [Allotrope] flow cell identifier contact duration setting A contact duration setting is a duration setting that specifies how long materials should remain in contact. [Allotrope] contact duration setting flow path setting A flow path setting is a control setting that specifies the path a material takes as it moves through the flow cell. [Allotrope] flow path setting association rate constant kon An association rate constant is the rate at which molecules bind together to form complexes. [Allotrope] association rate constant dissociation rate constant koff A dissociation rate constant is the rate at which bound complexes dissociate into their constituent molecules. [Allotrope] dissociation rate constant equilibrium dissociation constant Kd An equilibrium dissociation constant is the ratio of association rate constant to dissociation rate constant. [Allotrope] equilibrium dissociation constant maximum binding capacity Rmax A maximum binding capacity is the maximum response registered when all receptors are bound. [Allotrope] maximum binding capacity sensor chip document A sensor chip document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some sensor chip. [Allotrope] sensor chip document sensor chip identifier A sensor chip identifier is an identifier that identifies some sensor chip. [Allotrope] sensor chip identifier electronic lab notebook entry aggregate document An electronic lab notebook entry aggregate document is a document that aggregates electronic lab notebook entry documents. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry aggregate document electronic lab notebook entry document A electronic lab notebook entry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some electronic lab notebook entry. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry document electronic lab notebook entry identifier An electronic lab notebook entry identifier is an identifier that identifies some electronic lab notebook entry. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry identifier electronic lab notebook entry name An electronic lab notebook entry name is a written name that denotes some electronic lab notebook entry. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry name electronic lab notebook entry type An electronic lab notebook entry type is a classification datum that classifies some electronic lab notebook entry. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry type electronic lab notebook entry state type An electronic lab notebook entry state type is a classification datum that classifies the state of some electronic lab notebook entry. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry state type parent identifier A parent identifier is an identifier that identifies the parent of some entity. [Allotrope] parent identifier parent name A parent name is a written name that denotes the parent of some entity. [Allotrope] parent name owner An owner is an identifier that identifies the person or group accountable for some entity. [Allotrope] owner author An author is an identifier that identifies the person or group who created some information content entity. [Allotrope] author editor An editor is an identifier that identifies the person or group who modified some information content entity. [Allotrope] editor molecular structure aggregate document A molecular structure aggregate document is a document that aggregates molecular structure documents. [Allotrope] molecular structure aggregate document molecular structure document A molecular structure document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some molecular structure. [Allotrope] molecular structure document molecular structure entry identifier A molecular structure identifier is an identifier that identifies some molecular structure. [Allotrope] molecular structure entry identifier section aggregate document A section aggregate document is a document that aggregates section documents. [Allotrope] section aggregate document section document A section document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some section. [Allotrope] section document section identifier A section identifier is an identifier that identifies some section. [Allotrope] section identifier section name A section name is a written name that denotes some section. [Allotrope] section name field aggregate document A field aggregate document is a document that aggregates field documents. [Allotrope] field aggregate document field document A field document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some field. [Allotrope] field document field identifier A field identifier is an identifier that identifies some field. [Allotrope] field identifier field name A field name is a written name that denotes some field. [Allotrope] field name field type A field type is a classification datum that classifies the content and intended usage of some field. [Allotrope] field type table aggregate document A table aggregate document is a document that aggregates table documents. [Allotrope] table aggregate document table document A table document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some table. [Allotrope] table document table identifier A table identifier is an identifier that identifies some table. [Allotrope] table identifier table name A table name is a written name that denotes some table. [Allotrope] table name table cell aggregate document A table cell aggregate document is a document that aggregates table cell documents. [Allotrope] table cell aggregate document table cell document A table cell document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some table cell. [Allotrope] table cell document table cell identifier A table cell identifier is an identifier that identifies some table cell. [Allotrope] table cell identifier table cell name A table cell name is a written name that denotes some table cell. [Allotrope] table cell name property aggregate document A property aggregate document is a document that aggregates property documents. [Allotrope] property aggregate document property document A property document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some property. [Allotrope] property document property name A property name is a written name that denotes some property. [Allotrope] property name property type A property type is a classification datum that classifies some property. [Allotrope] property type unit symbol A unit symbol is a symbol that denotes some unit. [Allotrope] unit symbol row index A row index is the index of a table cell with respect to the rows of the table containing that table cell. [Allotrope] row index column index A column index is the index of a table cell with respect to the columns of the table containing that table cell. [Allotrope] column index hidden flag A hidden flag is a flag indicating that some data is not to be displayed. [Allotrope] hidden flag media type MIME type A media type is a classification datum classifying the content format of some data. [Allotrope] media type file aggregate document A file aggregate document is a document that aggregates file documents. [Allotrope] file aggregate document file document A file document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some file. [Allotrope] file document audit trail aggregate document A audit trail aggregate document is a document that aggregates audit trail documents. [Allotrope] audit trail aggregate document audit trail document A audit trail document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some audit trail. [Allotrope] audit trail document data modification type A data modification type is a classification datum classifying the modifications made to some data. [Allotrope] data modification type comment author A comment author is an author of some comment. [Allotrope] comment author comment time A comment time is the creation time of some comment. [Allotrope] comment time section (ELN) A section is a collection of information content entities in an electronic lab notebook entry with a shared descriptive purpose. [Allotrope] section (ELN) field (ELN) A field is a collection of information content entities in an electronic lab notebook entry with a common representation form. [Allotrope] field (ELN) property (ELN) A property is a facet in an electronic lab notebook entry capturing the information about some value and its representation form. [Allotrope] property (ELN) table cell A table cell is a facet of a table representing the intersection of a column and a row. [Allotrope] table cell electronic lab notebook entry An electronic lab notebook entry is an electronic record that is stored in an electronic lab notebook. [Allotrope] electronic lab notebook entry action type An action type is a classification datum that classifies some action. [Allotrope] action type action time An action time is the time when some action was performed. [Allotrope] action time agent An agent is an identifier that identifies the agent performing some action. [Allotrope] agent datum aggregate document A datum aggregate document is a document that aggregates datum documents. [Allotrope] datum aggregate document datum document A datum document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some scalar datum. [Allotrope] datum document string format type A string format type is a classification datum that classifies the format of some scalar string datum. [Allotrope] string format type resonance A resonance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some resonance. [Allotrope] resonance flow cytometry aggregate document A flow cytometry aggregate document is a document that aggregates flow cytometry documents. [Allotrope] flow cytometry aggregate document flow cytometry document A flow cytometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some flow cytometry run. [Allotrope] flow cytometry document compensation matrix aggregate document A compensation matrix aggregate document is a document that aggregates compensation matrix documents. [Allotrope] compensation matrix aggregate document compensation matrix document A compensation matrix document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some compensation matrix. [Allotrope] compensation matrix document matrix aggregate document A matrix aggregate document is a document that aggregates matrix documents. [Allotrope] matrix aggregate document matrix document A matrix document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some matrix. [Allotrope] matrix document compensation value A compensation value is a ratio of the fluorescence of a spillover measurement to the primary fluorescence measurement. [Allotrope] compensation value true data region type A data region type is a classification datum that classifies some data region. [Allotrope] data region type x-coordinate dimension identifier An x-coordinate dimension identifier is an identifier that identifies the dimension acting as the first dimension or x-coordinate. [Allotrope] x-coordinate dimension identifier y-coordinate dimension identifier A y-coordinate dimension identifier is an identifier that identifies the dimension acting as the second dimension or y-coordinate. [Allotrope] y-coordinate dimension identifier vertex aggregate document A vertex aggregate document is a document that aggregates vertex documents. [Allotrope] vertex aggregate document vertex document A vertex document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some vertex. [Allotrope] vertex document true vertex type A vertex type is a classification datum that classifies the role of some vertex. [Allotrope] vertex type population aggregate document A population aggregate document is a document that aggregates population documents. [Allotrope] population aggregate document population document A population document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some population. [Allotrope] population document population identifier A population identifier is an identifier that identifies some population. [Allotrope] population identifier compensation matrix A compensation matrix is a matrix of compensation values used to correct for fluorescent spillover. [Allotrope] compensation matrix vertex A vertex is a point that is the intersection of two edges. [Allotrope] vertex ASM conversion time Allotrope Simple Model conversion time An ASM conversion time is a time when a conversion to the Allotrope Simple Model starts. [Allotrope] ASM conversion time dissolved amount A dissolved amount is an assay result that is the amount of a solute dissolved in some dissolving process. [Allotrope] dissolved amount dissolved percentage A dissolved percentage is a calculated result that is the percentage of some sample weight that was dissolved in some dissolving process. [Allotrope] dissolved percentage population proportion A population proportion is a ratio quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of a population to some other specified population. [Allotrope] population proportion population proportion aggregate document A population proportion aggregate document is a document that aggregates population proportion documents. [Allotrope] population proportion aggregate document population proportion document A population proportion document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some population proportion. [Allotrope] population proportion document regression aggregate document A regression aggregate document is a document that aggregates regression documents. [Allotrope] regression aggregate document regression document A regression document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some regression. [Allotrope] regression document regression identifier A regression identifier is an identifier that identifies some regression. [Allotrope] regression identifier regression point aggregate document A regression point aggregate document is a document that aggregates regression point documents. [Allotrope] regression point aggregate document regression point document A regression point document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some point in a regression. [Allotrope] regression point document regression feature A regression feature is an facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of some data with the role of dependent variable in some regression processing. [Allotrope] regression feature regression type A regression type is a classification datum that classifies some regression. [Allotrope] regression type regression equation A regression equation is a description that describes the formula for some regression. [Allotrope] regression equation parameter aggregate document A parameter aggregate document is a document that aggregates parameter documents. [Allotrope] parameter aggregate document parameter document A parameter document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some parameter. [Allotrope] parameter document parameter identifier A parameter identifier is an identifier that identifies some parameter. [Allotrope] parameter identifier parameter datum A parameter datum is a scalar double datum that quantifies the value of some mathematical parameter. [Allotrope] parameter datum regression residuals data cube A regression residuals data cube is a data cube that represents the residuals from some regression. [Allotrope] regression residuals data cube regression A regression is a function that estimates the relationship between dependent and independent variables. [Allotrope] regression material transformation aggregate document A material transformation aggregate document is a document that aggregates material transformation documents. [Allotrope] material transformation aggregate document material transformation document A material transformation document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some material transformation. [Allotrope] material transformation document material transformation identifier A material transformation identifier is an identifier that identifies some material transformation. [Allotrope] material transformation identifier quantity type A quantity type is an classification datum that classifies some quantity value. [Allotrope] quantity type standard name A standard name is an written name that denotes some standard. [Allotrope] standard name polarization orientation setting A polarization orientation setting is a control setting that specifies the polarization orientation of some detector. [Allotrope] polarization orientation setting polarization orientation code A polarization orientation code is a code that indicates a polarization orientation. [Allotrope] polarization orientation code fragmentation aggregate document A fragmentation aggregate document is a document that aggregates fragmentation documents. [Allotrope] fragmentation aggregate document fragmentation document A fragmentation document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some fragmentation. [Allotrope] fragmentation document isolation window lower limit An isolation window lower limit is a quality quantification facet that describes the lower limit on the isolation window of some mass spectrometry scan. [Allotrope] isolation window lower limit isolation window upper limit An isolation window upper limit is a quality quantification facet that describes the upper limit on the isolation window of some mass spectrometry scan. [Allotrope] isolation window upper limit precursor ion aggregate document A precursor ion aggregate document is a document that aggregates precursor ion documents. [Allotrope] precursor ion aggregate document precursor ion document A precursor ion document is a document that encompasses the information associated with some precursor ion. [Allotrope] precursor ion document isolation window An isolation window is a quality quantification facet that describes a range of m/z values which is filtered in a mass spectrometry run to examine some ion of interest via fragmentation. [Allotrope] isolation window absorbance area scan data cube An absorbance area scan data cube is a data cube that represents an absorbance area scan. [Allotrope] absorbance area scan data cube fluorescence area scan data cube A fluorescence area scan data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence area scan. [Allotrope] fluorescence area scan data cube true absorbance area scan An absorbance area scan is a data distribution function of the absorbance of a material entity scanned over a predefined area. [Allotrope] absorbance area scan true fluorescence area scan A fluorescence area scan is a data distribution function of the fluorescence of a material entity scanned over a predefined area. [Allotrope] fluorescence area scan mass spectrum level A mass spectrum level is a count of the current stage in a multiple-stage mass spectrometry process. [Allotrope] mass spectrum level true analyst role analyst Analyst is the role of a person which is an agent in the process of examination. [Allotrope] analyst role true condition role conditional role Condition role is a contextual role of an information object that specifies a prerequisite. [Allotrope] condition role controller role controller Controller role is a controlling role of some material entity that is controlling some other object or a process. [Allotrope] controller role true denominator Denominator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided. [Allotrope] denominator true identifier role An identifier role is the contextual role of an information content entity that identifies another entity. [Allotrope] identifier role true Sowa, Knowledge Representation, Brooks Cole Publishing Co., 2000 http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/thematic.htm input role input 2018-07-23 Removed parent class, same as this. [Allotrope] A general role if its bearer is the input of the process that realizes the role. The bearer exists at the beginning of the process but not necessarily at its end. [Allotrope] formal definition needs FOL input role interpolation role interpolation An interpolation is the contextual role of a quantity or number that has been the result of an interpolation. [Allotrope] interpolation role true material input role material input Material input is a role of a material that is an input in a process. [Allotrope] material input role mobile phase mobile phase role Mobile phase is the chromatographic phase role of a fluid material entity in a chromatography process to act as the fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed in chromatography. [Allotrope, CHMO] mobile phase true name role Name role is a contextual role of an information content entity that refers to an entity by a non-identifying designation. [Allotrope] name role true nominal datum nominal value 2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A nominal value is a contextual role of an information content entity that states an asserted value, that is assumed to be true. [Allotrope] nominal datum true numerator Numerator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number which is to be divided into equal parts. [Allotrope] numerator true objective role objective Objective role is the contextual role of an information object that describes an intent or purpose which is a situation at the process end point. [Allotrope] objective role operating maximum upper operating limit 2018-07-31 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2019-09-20 Added alt label. [Allotrope] An operating maximum is the contextual role of a description or specification of an upper bound of quality of a system or environment during the operation of the system. [Allotrope] operating maximum true http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn#OperatingRange operating range 2018-07-31 Changed pref label and definition, and moved to AFO. [Allotrope] An operating range is the contextual role of a description or specification about a operating situation (qualities of a system or its environment) during the normal operation of the system. [Allotrope] operating range true Sowa, Knowledge Representation, Brooks Cole Publishing Co., 2000 http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/thematic.htm output role output product product role 2018-07-23 Removed parent class, same as this. [Allotrope] A general role if its bearer is the output of the process that realizes the role. The bearer exists at the end of the process but not necessarily at its beginning. [Allotrope] formal definition needs FOL output role true parameter role parameter parameter (process) process parameter 2018-12-19 Added alt labels. [Allotrope] Parameter role is a data input role that is about some useful or critical characteristic of a particular system, for the purpose of identification, controlling, or evaluating the performance, status or conditions in the process. [Allotrope] parameter role material cleaned role material cleaned part cleaned part cleaned role 2019-10-02 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Material that is undergoing a cleaning process. [Allotrope] material cleaned role reference role reference A role inhered by a participant that is a reference for qualitative or quantitative comparison in relation to other entities. [Allotrope] measuring standard reference role selected object role selected object selected component 2018-07-23 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A selected object is the selection role of the object that is selected from the selection target. [Allotrope] selected object role true selected device 2018-07-23 Made a defined class and moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A device that is selected to perform a specific function in a process. [Allotrope] selected device true setting datum setting role setting value 2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope] Setting datum is the contextual role of an information object that specifies some device or process setting. [Allotrope] setting datum true snapshot A snapshot is the contextual role of an information object that is about a point in time within the bounds of a process. [Allotrope] snapshot true specification target role specification subject specification target A specification target is the role of a material entity that participates in a specifying process and is what the resulting specification is about. [Allotrope] specification target role stationary phase A stationary phase is the chromatographic phase role of a solid, gel or liquid material that is the stationary component in chromatography. [Allotrope] stationary phase true temporal mean Temporal mean is the contextual role of a quantity (quantity value or count) that describes a arithmetic mean of a quantity over time. [Allotrope] temporal mean true time segment Time segment is a contextual role of some information object that is about a temporal part in the context of representation of a process. [Allotrope] time segment sample role sample A sample role is a type of role whose bearer is a material entity that is the output of a sampling. [Allotrope] sample role true processing role A contextual role that describes the way information is participating in some process from a causal dependency perspective. [Allotrope] processing role true bound role The role of some datum forming the maximum or minimum value in a range or collection of values. [Allotrope] bound role lower bound The role of a datum that is smaller than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope] lower bound upper bound The role of a datum that is greater than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope] upper bound true data output role data output result Data output role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the output of a process. [Allotrope] data output role true data input role data input Data input role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the input of a process. [Allotrope] data input role true aggregation role An aggregation role is a contextual role of an information entity that is participant of an aggregation process. [Allotrope] aggregation role aggregate role Aggregate role is the contextual role of an information content entity that is a collection of others. [Allotrope] aggregate role member role Member role is the contextual role of an information object that is member of some collection. [Allotrope] member role true descriptive purpose description description role A role of an information content entity that is meant to describe an object. [Allotrope] descriptive purpose true causal role A description of the cause-consequence relation of processes. [Allotrope] causal role true cause Cause is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally dependent for another thing. [Allotrope] cause true consequence effect Consequence is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally resultant from another thing. [Allotrope] consequence true invariant An invariant is the contextual role of an information object that is about a situation that does not change during the whole process. [Allotrope] invariant true post condition A post condition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can end or achieve its goal. [Allotrope] post condition true precondition A precondition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can start. [Allotrope] precondition true designative purpose designative role A designative purpose is a type of contextual role of information artifacts that denote an entity in order to describe its characteristics. [Allotrope] designative purpose index role An index role is a contextual role of an information object that denotes to another object that is part of an aggregation and it is the data output of some indexing process. [Allotrope] index role true directive purpose directive directive role specification specification datum specification role specified datum specified value 2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope] A directive purpose or specification role is a type of contextual role of information content entities that are about an entity with a purpose to give directions. [Allotrope] directive purpose true specified action Specified action is the role of information object that specifies an activity. [Allotrope] specified action true specified capability Specified capability is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a capability. [Allotrope] specified capability true specified quality A specified quality is the contextual role of an information object that describes a quality as part of an specification. [Allotrope] specified quality true specified situation A specified situation is the contextual role of an information object that describes a portion of reality as part of a specification. [Allotrope] specified situation true specified procedure specified flow specified workflow Specified procedure is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a flow of activities. [Allotrope] specified procedure true prescriptive purpose A contextual role of information that describes some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope] prescriptive purpose true temporal role A contextual role of information that is dependent on some temporal region or process boundary. [Allotrope] temporal role true exception role exception A contextual role of information the describes an unexpected, unusual or unintended situation. [Allotrope] exception role true variable 2018-12-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A variable is the contextual role of some data that is part of some other data that is varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope] variable true dependent variable A dependent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents the outputs or outcomes whose variation is being studied. [Wikipedia] dependent variable true independent variable An independent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents inputs or causes for variation of a dependent variable. In the experimental setting, the independent variable is controlled by the experimenter. Models and experiments test or determine the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables. [Wikipedia] independent variable true specified profile Specified profile is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a process profile. [Allotrope] specified profile true actual datum actual value observed value 2018-07-19 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A actual value is the contextual role of an information content entity that is the direct or indirect output of some observation and describes some quality. [Allotrope] actual datum port role port A site that is part of a system has the port role if a component is connected to other components or systems at the site and material or energy can flow at the site. [Allotrope] port role support role A support role is a type of role whose bearer participates in a process in order to support the process so that it proceeds towards a secondary objective. [Allotrope] 2018-12-05 Moved to AFO to maintain single inheritence [Allotrope] support role sender role The role inhered in a material entity that sends the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope] sender role receiver role The role inhered in a material entity that receives the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope] receiver role transfer medium role medium A transfer medium is the role of a material that carries the transferred flow. [Allotrope] transfer medium role true general role abstract role 2019-05-13 Moved under continuant. [Allotrope] A general role is either a role that is realized in a process or a contextual role in that process. [Allotrope] This defined class covers roles as abstractions that can be borne by material and information entities. general role true at end At end is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the end of a process. [Allotrope] at end true at start At start is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the start of a process. [Allotrope] at start true during During is the contextual role of an information object that is about something within a temporal range of a process. [Allotrope] during http://deseng.ryerson.ca/DesignScience/7a.html agent role agent 2018-12-05 Moved to AFO to maintain single inheritence [Allotrope] The role of a participant that delivers the necessary effects as active participant in the process to the operand. [Allotrope] agent role component role component An granular part of an object aggregate that plays the role of a system. [Allotrope] component role detection stimulant role detection stimulant A role inhered when the presence of the bearer indicates the presence of the detection target in a detection process. [Allotrope] detection stimulant role true material output role material output Material output role is a role of a material that is participant at the end of a process. [Allotrope] material output role system role system A role of an object aggregate that consists of multiple components that are causally integrated. [Allotrope] system role subsystem role Parts of a system that are a building a system on its own. [Allotrope] subsystem role transferring role transfer role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] 2022-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A transferring role is a localization role that is realized in some transferring process. [Allotrope] transferring role storage medium role Storage medium is the role of a material or site where something is stored. [Allotrope] storage medium role storage role A role that is realized in some storing process. [Allotrope] storage role selection target role selection population selection set selection target The selection target is the role of a participant in a selection process from which partitions are selected. [Allotrope] selection target role chromatographic phase One of the portions of material between which the components to be separated are distributed in chromatography. [CHMO] chromatographic phase true analyte role analyte The component of a system to be analyzed. [CHMO] analyte role system bond role bond A system bond is the role of a site where two components are connected via their ports. At this site energy or material can flow. [Allotrope] system bond role out-port role source A role of a site where material or energy is outgoing from the component. [Allotrope] out-port role in-port role target A role of a site where material or energy is incoming into the component. [Allotrope] in-port role linking medium role The role of a material that is the flow by which means a linking process is established. [Allotrope] linking medium role true calculated datum calculated value 2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A datum that is the result of some calculation. [Allotrope] calculated datum true derived measure A derived measure is a measure that is the outcome of some indirect measurement. The derived value is derived from base measures by calculations following a formula or algorithm. [Allotrope] derived measure true base measure A base measure is a measure that is the direct output of some measurement process. [Allotrope] base measure true measure measured value A measure is an actual value that is the direct or indirect outcome of some measurement and refers to some metric. [Allotrope] measure physical signal role signal role A signal is a role of some material entity that disposed to provide information. In the physical world, any quantity exhibiting variation in time or variation in space (such as an image) is potentially a signal that might provide information on the status of a physical system, or convey a message between observers, among other possibilities. [Allotrope, Wikipedia] physical signal role true physical input role physical input "Physical input" is a role of a material or energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope] physical input role true physical output role physical output "Physical input" is a role of a material or energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope] physical output role true gaseous mobile phase gaseous mobile phase role Gaseous mobile phase is the mobile phase role of a gaseous material. [Allotrope] gaseous mobile phase true supercritical mobile phase Supercritical mobile phase is the mobile phase role of a supercritical fluid material. [Allotrope] supercritical mobile phase true contextual role A contextual role is a representation of a specific interpretation of the information content object or of the circumstances that the information content object is referencing to. [Allotrope] objective of a specification parameter of a calculation result of a measurement contextual role Hubka, Eder, Ernst, Design Science, Springer, 1996 operand role operand The role of a participant that is being changed in the process (passive participant) from an input state to an output state. [Allotrope] operand role indexed member Indexed member is the member role that has an index facet. [Allotrope] indexed member ordered member Ordered member is a member role that has an ordering within the collection. [Allotrope] ordered member experiment sample role experiment sample An experiment sample is a role that is played by a material object of interest in an assay used to obtain generalizable information about the sample source. [Allotrope] experiment sample role coated material role coated material substrate substrate role A coated material is a coating role of a material whose surface is being coated by another material which it covers. [Allotrope] coated material role coating role coating coating medium coating medium role A coating role is the role of a material that coats another material (the substrate). [Allotrope] coating role measurand role measurand A measurand role is a measurement role of a material entity that is being measured. [Allotrope] measurand role additive role additive Additive is a role of material that is added to a mixture in order to achieve a supportive purpose. [Allotrope] additive role false PAC, 1996, 68, 155 (Glossary of terms used in chemical kinetics, including reaction dynamics.) catalyst role catalyst A catalyst role is a reagent role of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction; the process is called catalysis. The catalyst is both a reactant and product of the reaction. [IUPAC] catalyst role effluent Effluent is a mobile phase eluting from a column. [Allotrope] effluent eluate 2020-12-16 Rephrased definition [Allotrope] A mobile phase that is analyte material coming from the chromatograph. [Allotrope] eluate eluent Eluent is a mobile phase entering a column to perform a separation of material. [Allotrope] eluent debris role debris Debris is a role of material to be waste. [Allotrope] debris role PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 612 detergent role detergent A detergent role is a cleaning role of a surface active agent (or a mixture containing one of more surface active agents) having cleaning properties in dilute solution. [IUPAC] detergent role diluent role diluent Diluent is a role of material used to lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture of another ingredient. [NCI] diluent role dispersant role dispersant A dispersant is either a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance added to a suspension, usually a colloid, to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping. [Wikipedia] dispersant role excipient role excipient Excipient is a role of a generally pharmacologically inactive substance that is formulated with the active ingredient of a medication. [ChEBI] excipient role true filtrate role filtrate Filtrate is a role of liquid outcome of a filtration process that is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. [Wikipedia] filtrate role reaction intermediate role intermedate reagent role intermediate intermediate reagent role intermediate role reaction intermediate Intermediate role is a role of material that is formed from reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction. [Wikipedia] reaction intermediate role marker role marker A marker is a role of material to allow for identification of an object of interest. [Allotrope] marker role reactant role reactant starting material Reactant role is a role of a chemical entity that is present at the start of a reaction. [Allotrope] reactant role true PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 608 retentate role retentate The retentate role is the role of the material that is retained by a filtration process. [Allotrope] retentate role standard material role standard standard role Standard material role is a role of material that is set up and established by authority as a reference material for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, or quality. [Allotrope] standard material role IUPAC Compendium on Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd Edition, IUPAC Orange Book, prepared for publication by J. Inczedy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure, Blackwell Science, 1998 titrant role titrant Titrant is a role of a solution containing the active agent with which a titration is made. [IUPAC] titrant role cleaning agent role detergent detergent role washing agent washing agent role Cleaning agent role is a role of material used for cleaning something. [Allotrope] cleaning agent role origin datum origin origin role 2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope] Origin is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the beginning of a process that changes it. [Allotrope] origin datum true relative datum role relative datum relative value 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A relative datum role is the contextual role of a datum that is about a quantity or number that is the result of a ratio or difference calculation or an assertion of magnitude relative to a reference entity. [Allotrope] relative datum role ingredient role ingredient Ingredient is a role of material that is used in a material combining process to produce a new material. [Allotrope] ingredient role sum The sum is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the addition of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope] sum version role A version role is the contextual role of an information content entity that denotes a specific variant in the history. [Allotrope] version role validation sample role validation validation sample An validation sample role is a sample role of a material sample that is used for validation purposes. [Allotrope] validation sample role control sample role control control sample A control sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte for control purposes. [Allotrope] control sample role calibration sample role calibration sample An calibration sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of substance for calibration purposes. [Allotrope] calibration sample role standard sample role standard standard sample 2020-09-16 Changed definition. [Allotrope] An standard sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does contain a known amount of standard material. [Allotrope] standard sample role unknown sample role unknown unknown sample An unknown sample role is a sample role of a material of an unknown substance, or that does contain an unknown amount of analyte. [Allotrope] unknown sample role quality control sample role quality control quality control sample A quality control sample role is a control sample role of a material that is used for purposes of quality control. [Allotrope] quality control sample role reference sample role reference reference sample An reference sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte. [Allotrope] reference sample role blank role blank blank sample blank sample role An blank role is a sample role of a material that does not contain any analyte. [Allotrope] blank role spiked sample role spike spike role spike sample A spiked sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a spike substance. [Allotrope] spiked sample role unspiked sample role unspiked unspiked sample An unspiked sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does not contain a spike substance. [Allotrope] unspiked sample role true spatio-temporal role Spatio-temporal role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that denotes an entity in a spatio-temporal context. [Allotrope] spatio-temporal role destination datum destination destination role 2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope] Destination is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the end of a process that changes it. [Allotrope] destination datum true term mathematical role expression role term term role A role of a mathematical information object as component of a mathematical formula. [Allotrope] term mathematical role solvent role solvent Solvent is the role of a potion of liquid material when it dissolves a solute in order to produce a solution. [Allotrope] solvent role solute role dissolved compound dissolved substance solute solvated compound Solute is the role a portion of material when it is dissolved within a solution. [Allotrope] solute role dispersed phase role discontinuous phase dispersed phase The dispersed phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material in a dispersion, that is distributed in the form of discrete discontinuities (particles, droplets or bubbles), in a second immiscible phase that is continuous. [NIST] dispersed phase role continuous phase role continuous medium continuous medium role continuous phase The continuous phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material constituting the medium, a phase that exhibits continuity throughout the dispersion. [NIST] continuous phase role dispersion role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] The role of a portion of material that participates in a dispersion process to form a colloid. [Allotrope] dispersion role dissolution role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] The role of a portion of material that participates in a dissolution process to form a solution. [Allotrope] dissolution role initial response The initial response is the role of an outgoing signal as it was generated raw without signal processing from a processing component. [Allotrope] initial response primary response The primary response is the role of an outgoing signal that serves the intended main function of the system. [Allotrope] primary response true mathematical role A contextual role that describes an interpretation in a mathematical model. [Allotrope] coordinate variable mathematical role true x-coordinate role abscissa x-coordinate 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The x-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the first dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope] x-coordinate role true y-coordinate role ordinate y-coordinate 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The y-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the second dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope] y-coordinate role true coordinate role coordinate 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A coordinate role is a contextual role of a scalar as component of a vector or tuple in a coordinate system specifying a point in space. [Allotrope] coordinate role true Cartesian coordinate role Cartesian coordinate 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A Cartesian coordinate role is a coordinate role of a scalar in a Cartesian coordinate system, that specifies each point uniquely in an n-dimensional Euclidean space . These coordinates are equal, up to sign, to distances from the point to n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes. [Allotrope, Wikipedia] Cartesian coordinate role reference datum reference purpose reference role A reference datum is the contextual role of some information content entity that is referenced in the context of another information content entity for the purpose of comparison. It describes or denotes an object that has the role of a reference role. [Allotrope] reference datum temporal reference role temporal reference The role of some data piece of information that acts as reference for stating relative time. [Allotrope] temporal reference role operator role operator Operator is the role of a person which controls or uses a device in an agent role. [Allotrope] operator role selection role A role which is played by a participant in a selection process. [Allotrope] selection role cleaning role The role of a participant of a cleaning process. [Allotrope] cleaning role true subject role about role information subject role information target role 2018-08-03 Change labels [Allotrope] A role of an entity in some information producing process that produces information about this entity. [Allotrope] subject role detection role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] The role of a participant in a detecting process. [Allotrope] detection role detection target role detection target The role inhered by being the objective of a detecting activity. [Allotrope] detection target role analysis role A role of a participant in an analysis assay. [Allotrope] analysis role measurement role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A role of a participant in a measurement. [Allotrope] measurement role linking role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A role of a participant in a linking process. [Allotrope] linking role controlling role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A role of a participant in a controlling process. [Allotrope] controlling role controlled object role control target control target role controlled object Controlled object is the role of a material entity that is being controlled by a controller in a controlling process. [Allotrope] controlled object role dilution role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] The role of a portion of material that participates in a dilution process. [Allotrope] dilution role result role result Result role is a data output role that applies to new information produced by a process. [Allotrope] result role ratio datum role ratio datum ratio value 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A ratio datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a ratio of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope] ratio datum role true difference datum role difference datum difference value 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A difference datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a difference or interval of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope] difference datum role relation role A relation role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is about a relation of the subject of the information content entity to another entity. [Allotrope] relation role first member first A first member is an ordered member that has no predecessor in the aggregate. [Allotrope] first member last member last A last member is an ordered member that has no successor in the aggregate. [Allotrope] last member statistical role A statistical role is a contextual role of data in statistics. [Allotrope] statistical role arithmetic mean role arithmetic mean average average role mean mean role 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The arithmetic mean is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection. [Wikipedia] arithmetic mean role median role median 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The median role is a statistical datum role that denotes the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. [Wikipedia] median role skewness role skewness 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] Skewness role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. [Wikipedia] skewness role variance role variance 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The variance role is a statistical datum role of a datum that denotes the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. [Wikipedia] variance role statistical sample role A statistical sample role is the contextual role of a subset of a statistical population that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia] statistical sample role statistical population role population population role statistical population A statistical population role is the statistical role of a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment (the statistical population). A statistical population can be a group of existing entities or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of entities conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia] the class of living cells is the population role in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result statistical population role random variable aleatory variable random quantity stochastic variable In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable whose possible values are outcomes of a random phenomenon. [Wikipedia] random variable statistic datum role statistic statistic datum statistical result 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A statistic datum is the summary output of descriptive statistics on a statistical population. [Allotrope] statistic datum role trigger datum trigger value An trigger datum is the role of a datum that specifies some situation about a system or environment participating in a process that should trigger the start of another process. [Allotrope] trigger datum survival range An survival range is the contextual role of an description or specification of about an environment in which the operation of a system can or should operate without damaging the system. [Allotrope] survival range alert datum alert value An alert datum is a trigger datum that specifies a trigger that initiates a notification process that warns about an unintended situation. [Allotrope] alert datum reference signal Reference signal is the role of a signal that relates to another signal as reference for comparison. [Allotrope] reference signal domain (math) domain domain (mathematics) 2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A domain is the mathematical role of the set a function is applied on. [Allotrope] domain (math) codomain (math) codomain codomain (mathematics) 2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A codomain is the mathematical role of the set a function maps to. [Allotrope] codomain (math) true liquid mobile phase The liquid mobile phase is a role of a liquid material that percolates through the stationary bed in chromatography. [Allotrope, CHMO] liquid mobile phase detector role detector The detector role is a detection role of a material entity that is detecting some other entity. [Allotrope] detector role synthesis role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A synthesis role is a role of a material that is participating in a synthesis (material conversion) process. [Allotrope] synthesis role formulation role A formulation role is a role of a material that is participating in a formulation process. [Allotrope] formulation role particulate phase Particulate phase role is the role of the particles dispersed in a gel, sol or aerosol. [NIST, Allotrope] particulate phase active pharmaceutical ingredient role API active pharmaceutical ingredient drug substance drug substance role 2020-06-22 Add alt labels. [Allotrope] The role of a material in a drug product that is biologically active when interacting with other components of the drug product, other potential drug products, or the chemistry of the body into which the drug will be applied. [Allotrope] active pharmaceutical ingredient role specimen role specimen Specimen role is the sample role of a prepared fraction of a portion of material that is analyzed in a particular experiment. [Allotrope] specimen role by-product role by-product A material role of an expected but not desired product of a synthesis. [Allotrope] the leaving group in a de-protection step. by-product role product role chemical product product A role of a material that is intended and desired to be produced in a synthesis. [Allotrope] product role batch role batch lot lot role Batch role is a product role of a portion of material that is intended to have uniform character and quality, within specified limits, and is produced according to a single manufacturing order during the same cycle of manufacture. [Allotrope, CFR21] batch role filtration role 2019-08-27 Fixed OWL definition, bug #694. [Allotrope] 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A filtration role is a role of a material in a filtration process. [Allotrope] filtration role rinse solution role flush rinse rinse solution rinsing agent rinsing role rinsing solution 2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope] The rinse solution role is a cleaning agent role of a fluid used to flush something in order to remove contaminants. [Allotrope] rinse solution role impurity role impurity A material role for any component of material that is not part of the defined product at the particular stage of manufacture or storage. [Allotrope] For example a starting material is not an impurity at the start of a reaction but it is an impurity after the final purification step. impurity role degradation product role degradation product A degradation product is an impurity resulting from a chemical change in the drug substance brought about during manufacture and/or storage of the new drug product by the effect of, for example, light, temperature, pH, water, or by reaction with an excipient and/or the immediate container closure system. [ICH-Q3B] degradation product role true unidentified degradation product role unidentified degradation product A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A] unidentified degradation product role true unspecified degradation product role unspecified degradation product A degradation product role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug product specification. [ICH-Q3A] unspecified degradation product role classification purpose classification role A contextual role of information that classifies some of some entity into a category, class or schema. [Allotrope] classification purpose sampling role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A sampling role is a role of an object aggregate or a member of that aggregate that participates in a sampling process on the aggregate. [Allotrope] sampling role population role population The population role is the sampling role of the object aggregate that is object of the sampling. [Allotrope] The statistical population contextual role is the related contextual role of an information object describing the population. population role sample set role sample set The sample set role is the role of the partition of the population object aggregate that was selected in the sampling process. [Allotrope] sample set role true spatial role A spatial role is the contextual role of some information context object that is about spatial location, orientation, or relative positioning. [Allotrope] left, right, above, below, inside, outside, parallel spatial role head Role that a organizational entity plays leader or formal head of the organization. [W3C ORG] head post A post is some position within an organization that exists independently of the person or persons filling it. Posts may be used to represent situations where a person is a member of an organization ex officio. [W3C ORG] the Secretary of State for Scotland is part of UK Cabinet by virtue of being Secretary of State for Scotland, not as an individual person [W3C ORG] A post can be held by multiple people and hence can be treated as a organization in its own right. [W3C ORG] post approver An approver is the role of an organizational entity that approves something. [Allotrope] approver researcher A researcher is the role of an organizational entity that researches something. [Allotrope] researcher investigator An investigator is a researcher that is doing an investigation. [Allotrope] investigator reviewer A reviewer is the role of an agent that reviews some information. [Allotrope] reviewer signer signatory A signer is the role of the agent in a signing process. [Allotrope] signer calibration role A calibration role is role of a material entity that participates in a calibration process. [Allotrope] calibration role ISO Guide 30 http://www.citac.cc/CITAC_EURACHEM_GUIDE.pdf reference material role calibration material calibration material role reference material standard standard material standard material role A reference material role is the role of a material used in a calibration whose qualities are sufficiently homogenous and well established to be used as reference. [Allotrope] reference material role starting material role A role for a material used in the synthesis of a new drug substance that is incorporated as an element into the structure of an intermediate and/or of the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A] Starting materials are normally commercially available and of defined chemical and physical properties and structure. [ICH-Q3A] starting material role limiting reagent role A reagent role of the material with the least mole quantity in a chemical process and as such limits the amount of product that can be formed. [Allotrope] limiting reagent role enantiomeric impurity role enantiomere enantiomeric impurity An enantiomeric impurity is the impurity role of a compound with the same molecular formula as the drug substance that differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms within the molecule and is a non-superimposable mirror image. [ICH-Q3A] enantiomeric impurity role extraneous contaminant role contaminant contaminant role extraneous contaminant An extraneous contaminant role is an impurity role arising from any source extraneous to the manufacturing process. [ICH-Q3A] extraneous contaminant role identified impurity role identified impurity An impurity for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A] identified impurity role potential impurity role potential impurity An impurity role for a material that theoretically can arise during manufacture or storage. It may or may not actually appear in the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A] potential impurity role specified impurity role specified impurity An impurity that is individually listed and limited with aspecific acceptance criterion in the new drug substance specification. A specified impurity can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A] specified impurity role unidentified impurity role unidentified impurity An impurity for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A] unidentified impurity role unspecified impurity role unspecified impurity An impurity role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug substance specification. [ICH-Q3A] unspecified impurity role identified degradation product role identified degradation product A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A] identified degradation product role specified degradation product role specified degradation product A degradation product role that is individually listed and limited with a specific acceptance criterion in the new drug product specification. A specified degradation product can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A] specified degradation product role true internal standard role internal standard surrogate internal standard Internal standard role is the analysis role of a chemical substance that is added in a constant amount to samples, the blank and calibration standards in a chemical analysis. [Wikipedia] internal standard role approving role An approving role is a role that is realized in some approving process. [Allotrope] approving role signing role A signing role is a role that is realized in some signing activity. [Allotrope] signing role signed object The signed object is the bearer of the information content entity that is signed. [Allotrope] The paper where the signature was written on. signed object signing contextual role A signing contextual role is a contextual role of information content entities that are participants in a signing process. [Allotrope] signing contextual role signature role signature A signature role is the role of an information object that is associated with some information and provides a proof of identity and intent of the signer. [Allotrope] signature role signed content role signed content Signed content role is the signing contextual role of the information content entity that is being signed. [Allotrope] A contract signed. An approval signed. The signed content role is the role of the information. The physical bearer of that information has the role of a signed object. signed content role submitter role submitter A submitter role is the role of a material entity that plays the sender of the submitted entity in a submitting process. [Allotrope] submitter role aggregated datum summary datum An aggregated datum is the role of an information object that is about aggregated or summary information on the aggregate, such as statistics, count or sums of member data. [Allotrope] aggregated datum product (math) product product (mathematics) The product is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the multiplication of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope] product (math) aggregated feature aggregated feature role The aggregated feature is the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of the members of the aggregate that is common to each member and is used to make aggregated data about the aggregate. [Allotrope] the diameter quality is the aggregated feature in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result If the members of the aggregates are proxies for other information objects, then the aggregated feature is a feature of the information objects the proxies point to. aggregated feature software agent role software agent A software agent is the contextual role of software in the context of a process where a system executes that software and causally is an agent in the process. [Allotrope] software agent role general agent role agent agent role Agentive role is a general role of a material entity or software that influences the behavior of a process in an active way. If a material entity it is an agent role, if its is a software that is executed by a computer system, it is a software agent role. [Allotrope] general agent role submission role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A submission role is a role that is realized in a submitting process. [Allotrope] submission role metadata role A metadata role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is not a parameter or result of a process but describes the context of the process. [Allotrope] metadata role destination role destination destination site 2022-06-23 Moved under localization role and adopted definition. [Allotrope] Destination role is the localization role of a site where the localized object is at the end of the localization process. [Allotrope] destination role origin role origin origin site 2022-06-23 Moved under localization role and adopted definition. [Allotrope] Origin role is the localization role of a site where the localized object is at the start of the localization process. [Allotrope] origin role transferred material transferred object 2022-06-23 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope] A transferred material is the role of the material that is being transferred from the origin site to the destination site. [Allotrope] transferred material received object role received object Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope] received object role sent object role sent object Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope] sent object role predecessor role A predecessor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is before another one in a sequence. [Allotrope] predecessor role successor role A successor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is after another one in a sequence. [Allotrope] successor role triggering event A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the cause of a trigger. [Allotrope] triggering event triggered event A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the consequence of a trigger. [Allotrope] triggered event direction role A direction role is a contextual role of some information content entity indicating a direction in a relation. [Allotrope] direction role to role destination destination role target target role to A to role is a direction role indicating that something is going into an target direction. [Allotrope] This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:destination datum. [Allotrope] to role from role from origin origin role source source role A from role is a direction role indicating that something is coming from a source. [Allotrope] This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:origin datum. [Allotrope] A specification of a material that is a material output of a process has the contextual role of from role in the material flow specification. [Allotrope] from role defining purpose defining role definition role Defining purpose is the contextual role of some information that has the purpose to define an entity. [Allotrope] defining purpose ordering role An ordering role is a contextual role of an information content entity in the scope of some sequence. [Allotrope] ordering role workflow role A workflow role is a contextual role of a part of a procedure specification. [Allotrope] workflow role default transition An default transition is a successor role in the scope of an exclusive gateway that specifies the succeeding activity if no guard conditions on the gateway are met. [Allotrope] default transition true expected datum An expected datum is a descriptive datum that describes a information that was predicted or assumed to be the outcome of some process . [Allotrope] expected datum sequential sequential role A workflow role of a single step in a sequentially executed procedure. [Allotrope] A single data acquisition of a data acquisition profile. sequential repeatable loop recurring A single step that can be repeated multiple times during a procedure. [Allotrope] A single data acquisition that is repeated multiple times with the same settings during a data acquisition profile. repeatable calibrated datum calibrated result A calibrated datum is the contextual role of a datum that is the output of some process that applies a calibration function to a measured datum. [Allotrope] calibrated datum parameter (math) parameter parameter (mathematics) A parameter is the contextual role of a datum that is not explicitly varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope] parameter (math) oxidant role oxidant oxidizer oxidizer role oxidizing agent An oxidant role is a chemical reactant role whereby the substance removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. [Allotrope] oxidant role fuel role fuel A fuel role is a chemical reactant role whereby an energy-rich substance is transformed with release of usable energy. [Allotrope] fuel role make-up role make-up A make-up role is a the additive role of a fluid to adjust total flow rate into a device in order to maximize its efficiency. [Allotrope] make-up role coating process role coating role A coating process role is a role of a material that participates in a coating activity or the state of being coated. [Allotrope] coating process role capillary inner coating role capillary inner coating A capillary inner coating role is a coating role of a material that is a coating within a chromatography column. [Allotrope] capillary inner coating role endcapping role endcapping An endcapping role is a supporting material role with the purpose of preventing chromatographic analytes from interacting with the substrate of the stationary phase. [Allotrope] endcapping role stored object role stored object A stored object is the storage role of an material entity that is being stored in a storage medium. [Allotrope] stored object role calibrated instrument role calibrated instrument unit under test unit under test role A calibrated instrument role is the role of a measurement device that is the target of a calibration. [Allotrope] calibrated instrument role diluted material role Diluted material is the dilution role of a material that is being diluted in the dilution process. [Allotrope] diluted material role calibration item role calibration item The calibration item role is the role of a material that is used in calibration for testing a measurement device. [Allotrope] calibration item role true mass spectrometry role A mass spectrometry role is a role that is realized in mass spectrometry. [Allotrope] mass spectrometry role K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 product ion role product product ion Ion formed as the product of a reaction involving a particular precursor ion. [IUPAC] product ion role K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 precursor ion role precursor precursor ion precursor role progenitor progenitor ion progenitor ion role Precursor ion role is a role in mass spectrometry inhered in an ion that reacts to form particular product ions or undergoes specified neutral losses. The reaction can be of different types including unimolecular dissociation, ion/molecule reaction, change in charge state, possibly preceded by isomerization. [IUPAC] precursor ion role true ion role An ion role is a role inhered in an ion. [Allotrope] ion role qualifier transition role qualifier transition A qualifier transition is the contextual role of an ion transition which when compared to the quantifier transition is used to determine the validity of the result. [Allotrope] qualifier transition role quantifier transition role quantifier transition A quantifier transition is the contextual of an ion transition, that is used to calculate the measured result. [Allotrope] quantifier transition role qualified transition role qualified transition Qualified transition role is the contextual role of an ion transition that asserts that the transition meets some qualification requirements. [Allotrope] qualified transition role operating minimum lower operating limit An operating minimum is the contextual role of a description or specification of a lower bound of quality of a system or environment during the operation of the system. [Allotrope] operating minimum cooling role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A changing role is a role realized in some cooling process. [Allotrope] cooling role coolant role coolant cooling medium heat transfer fluid A role of a material that acts as a heat sink as it undergoes a phase change. [Allotrope] coolant role sample role (preparation) sample sample (preparation) sample role A sample role (preparation) is a role of a portion of material that is prepared for bearing the sample role in an experiment. [Allotrope] sample role (preparation) nebulizer support role nebulizer support nebulizing support nebulizing support role Nebulizer support role is a support role in converting liquid into aerosol mist. [Allotrope] nebulizer support role drying additive role drying additive A drying additive role is the role of a material in a drying process that supports the drying process. [Allotrope] drying additive role drying role 2022-06-23 Change to subclasses to equivalent class. [Allotrope] A drying role role is a role realized in some drying process. [Allotrope] drying role drying medium role drying agent drying agent role drying medium A drying medium role is a drying role of a material that takes or transports the solvent from the material being dried. [Allotrope] drying medium role material dried role dried material dried material role material dried Material dried role is the drying role of the material being dried. [Allotrope] material dried role K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 reagent role (ms) chemical ionization reagent gas reagent role Reagent role is the role of a gas that reacts with ions to produce product ions through ion/molecule reactions; for example, a gas such as methane, ammonia, or isobutane used in chemical ionization to create reagent ions or a gas used in ion traps or collision cells to perform gas-phase ion/molecule reactions. [IUPAC] reagent role (ms) K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 adduct ion role adduct adduct ion adduct role Adduct ion role is the role of an ion formed by the interaction of a precursor ion with one or more atoms or molecules to form an ion containing all the constituent atoms of the precursor ion as well as the additional atoms from the associated atoms or molecules. [IUPAC] For example, a Na+ adduct of a molecule (M) that is represented as [M + Na]+. adduct ion role K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609 fragment ion role fragment fragment ion A fragment ion role is a product ion role of an ion that results from the dissociation of a precursor ion. [IUPAC] fragment ion role default condition role default default condition default role fallback fallback condition fallback condition role fallback role A default condition role is the condition role of an item in a collection of information content entities that applies (is true) if no other items apply (are false). [Allotrope] default condition role default role default fallback fallback role A default role is a directive purpose that assigns a specification to be applied to a context if no other specification is asserted in that context. [Allotrope] default role repeated action role repeated action repetition role A repeated action role is a contextual role of an action specification that specifies the repeated action in a repeated action specification. [Allotrope] repeated action role reference pan role reference pan A reference pan role is the role of the measurement pan realized in a DSC measurement that is without sample content. [Allotrope] reference pan role sample pan role sample pan A sample pan role is the role of the measurement pan realized in a DSC measurement that contains the sample. [Allotrope] sample pan role true differential scanning calorimetry role DSC role A differential calorimetry role is a role of a material entity realized in a differential scanning calorimetry process. [Allotrope] differential scanning calorimetry role standard deviation role standard deviation Standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia] standard deviation role dynamic vapor sorption role A dynamic vapor sorption role is a role that is realized in some dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope] dynamic vapor sorption role exhaust gas role (DVS) exhaust gas exhaust gas role An exhaust gas role is the role of the waste gas exhausted from the system in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope] exhaust gas role (DVS) dry gas role (DVS) dry gas dry gas role A dry gas role is the role of the gas devoid of the vapor in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope] dry gas role (DVS) saturated gas role (DVS) saturated gas saturated gas role A saturated gas role is the role of the gas saturated with the vapor in a dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope] saturated gas role (DVS) inlet gas role (DVS) inlet gas inlet gas role An inlet gas role is the role of the gas led into the system in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope] inlet gas role (DVS) true reaction mixture role reaction mixture A reaction mixture role is a role of a chemical mixture undergoing some chemical reaction. [Allotrope] reaction mixture role PCR role polymerase chain reaction role A PCR role is a role of a material used in a PCR experiment. [Allotrope] PCR role reporter dye role reporter dye Reporter dye role is the role of a dye in a PCR experiment that binds to target DNA molecules and is detected via fluorescence when it is cleaved free. The fluorescence signal is proportional to DNA concentration. [Allotrope] reporter dye role passive reference dye role passive reference dye Passive reference dye role of a dye in a PCR experiment to provide a baseline for normalization of the fluorescence signal. [Allotrope] passive reference dye role quencher dye role quencher dye Quencher dye role is the role of a dye in a PCR experiment that acts to suppress the fluorescence of a reporter dye in proximity. [Allotrope] quencher dye role relative standard deviation role coefficient of variation Relative standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. [Wikipedia] relative standard deviation role purge gas role A purge gas role is a cleaning agent role of a gas used to remove or replace an existing gas. [Allotrope] purge gas role true product role (economic) product role A product role (economic) is a general role of some continuant that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope] product role (economic) true information product role data product information product An information product role is a contextual role of some information content entity that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope] information product role physical product role material product material product role physical product A physical product role is a role of some artifact that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope] physical product role true z-coordinate role applicate 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] The z-coordinate role is the Cartesian coordinate in the third dimension of a 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope] z-coordinate role PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989)) matrix role matrix medium medium role The matrix are the components of a sample other than the analyte. [IUPAC] matrix role sample introduction medium role sample introduction medium A sample introduction medium is the role of a material that carries the sample in a sample introduction process. [Allotrope] sample introduction medium role loading role A loading role is a role that is realized in some loading process. [Allotrope] loading role loading medium role A loading medium role is the role of the material that carries the loaded material. in a loading process. [Allotrope] loading medium role localization role A localization role is a role that is realized in some localization process. [Allotrope] localization role carrier role medium role A carrier role is the role of a material entity that supports another material or information localization process by keeping it moving or holding it at place. [Allotrope] a ship carrying goods air carrying sound nitrogen carrying a sample in gc carrier role true carrying role A carrying role is a role of an entity that is realized in a carrying process. [Allotrope] carrying role loaded material The loaded material is the role of the material that is loaded into the destination. [Allotrope] loaded material abrading material role An abrading material role is an abrading role of a material whose surface is being applied to another material to cause abrasion. [Allotrope] abrading material role abraded material role An abraded material is an abrading role of a material whose surface is being abraded in an abrading process. [Allotrope] abraded material role abrading role An abrading role is a role of an entity that is realized in an abrading process. [Allotrope] abrading role abrading source role abrading agent abrading agent role abrading source An abrading source role is an abrading role of a device or human that abrades material using abrading material. [Allotrope] abrading source role fraction role fraction A fraction role is the role of a member of the collection of material that is collected in a fraction collection process. [Allotrope] fraction role maximum value role The maximum value is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the largest value of a collection of numbers. [Wikipedia] maximum value role minimum value role The minimum value is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the smallest value of a collection of numbers. [Wikipedia] minimum value role dispensing role A role played by a participant in a dispensing process. [Allotrope] dispensing role dispensed material role dispensed material Dispensed material is the role of material given out in a dispensing process. [Allotrope] dispensed material role internal standard sample role internal standard internal standard sample An internal standard sample role is a standard sample role of a material sample that contains a known amount of internal standard material. [Allotrope] internal standard sample role matrix sample role matrix matrix sample A matrix sample role is a sample role of a material sample that contains only material with the matrix role in some analysis. [Allotrope] matrix sample role true narrow standard role (size-exclusion chromatography) A narrow standard role is a standard sample role used in size-exclusion chromatography that has a narrow molecular-weight distribution and are typically chemically different than the sample. [Allotrope] narrow standard role (size-exclusion chromatography) true broad standard role (size-exclusion chromatography) A broad standard role is a standard sample role used in size-exclusion chromatography that has a broad molecular-weight distribution and are usually the same polymer as the sample being analyzed. [Allotrope] broad standard role (size-exclusion chromatography) fluorescent tag role A fluorescent tag role is the role of a molecular entity in a fluorescence experiment that is attached chemically to aid in the detection of a biomolecule. [Allotrope, Wikipedia] fluorescent tag role true fluorimetry role A fluorimetry role is a role of a material entity realized in a fluorimetry process. [Allotrope] fluorimetry role initial value role initial value start value start value role An initial value role is a statistical datum role of a datum that has no predecessor in an ordered collection. [Allotrope] initial value role final value role final value stop value stop value role A final value role is a statistical datum role of a datum that has no successor in an ordered collection. [Allotrope] final value role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64356 positive control sample role A positive control sample role is a control sample role of a material intended to produce a positive result under the correct experimental conditions. [Allotrope] positive control sample role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64357 negative control sample role A negative control sample role is a control sample role of a material intended to produce a negative result under the correct experimental conditions. [Allotrope] negative control sample role heterozygous control sample role A heterozygous control sample role is a sample role of a material that is known to be heterozygous for an allele. [Allotrope] heterozygous control sample role homozygous control sample role A homozygous control sample role is a sample role of a material that is known to be homozygous for an allele. [Allotrope] homozygous control sample role reference DNA control sample role A reference DNA control sample role is a sample role of a material that contains a known reference DNA sequence. [Allotrope] reference DNA control sample role non-specific DNA amplification control sample role A non-specific DNA amplification control sample role is a control sample role for discerning the presence of non-specific DNA amplification. [Allotrope] non-specific DNA amplification control sample role receptor role A receptor role is the role of a molecule to bind to a material and propagate a response on exposure to specific materials. [Allotrope] receptor role geometric mean role average average role geometric mean mean mean role The geometric mean is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the nth root of the product of a collection of n numbers. [Allotrope] geometric mean role coefficient of variation role coefficient of variation The coefficient of variation is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the ratio of the standard deviation of a collection of numbers to the arithmetic mean. [Allotrope] coefficient of variation role median absolute deviation role median absolute deviation The median absolute deviation is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the median of the absolute deviations of a collection of numbers from the collection's own median value. [Allotrope] median absolute deviation role site (organization) site 2019-09-04 Added restriction. [Allotrope] 2019-09-04 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope] A site (organization) is a site where organizational entities are located such as an office or premise. [Allotrope] site (organization) An office or other premise at which the organization is located. Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will host multiple locations. [W3C ORG] bench (site) bench A bench (site) is site in a workspace or laboratory where work is being done. [Allotrope] bench (site) building (site) building building site A building (site) is a site located in a structure with a roof and walls. [Allotrope] building (site) room A room is a site that is a part or division of a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling. [Allotrope] room space free space room A space is a site that can be occupied or where something can be done. [Allotrope] space Space is especially viewed in terms of whether there is enough. [Allotrope] campus A campus is a site that is the grounds of a school, hospital, or other institution. [Allotrope] campus section (site) section 2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope] A section is a site that is a more or less distinct part of a site into which the site is divided. [Allotrope] section (site) well hole A well is a site that is a cavity in a surface open at the top. [Allotrope] well entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. [BFO] entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. [BFO] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies a temporal region or occupies a spatiotemporal region. [BFO] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant if b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. [BFO] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of space R as defined relative to some frame R. [BFO] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. [BFO] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region 2D spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. [BFO] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. [BFO] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process if p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p specifically depends on some material entity at t. [BFO] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition B is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity and b’s bearer is some material entity and b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, and b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, and this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. [BFO] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type.´[BFO] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region 0D spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. [BFO] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. [BFO] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant if b is a continuant and there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b specifically depends on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. [BFO] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role B is a role means: b is a realizable entity and b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be and b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. [BFO] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object part B is a fiat object part if b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b is a proper continuant part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. [BFO] fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region 1D spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. [BFO] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate B is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member parts at all times at which b exists. [BFO] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region 3D spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. [BFO] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site B is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. [BFO] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object B is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types causal unities and is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t. [BFO] object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant if b is a continuant that generically depends on one or more other entities. [BFO] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. [BFO] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary if p is a temporal part of a process and p has no proper temporal parts. [BFO] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region 1D-temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. [BFO] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. [BFO] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary B is a continuant fiat boundary if b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. [BFO] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary 1D continuant fiat boundary A one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile B is a process profile if there is some process c such that b is process profile of c. B is process profile of c holds when b is a proper occurrent part of c and there is some proper occurrent part d of c which has no parts in common with b and is mutually dependent on b and is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region. [BFO] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality B is a relational quality if for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b is quality of c at t and b is quality of d at t. [BFO] a marriage bond [BFO] an instance of love [BFO] an obligation between one person and another [BFO] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary 2D continuant fiat boundary A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary 0D continuant fiat boundary A zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region 0D-temporal region temporal instant A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. [BFO] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. [BFO] history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) material anatomical entity A part of a multicellular organism that is a material with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a multicellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [Allotrope, CARO] material anatomical entity water (molecule) water An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI] water (molecule) dioxygen (molecule) An elemental molecule consisting of two bivalently-bonded oxygen atoms. [Allotrope] dioxygen (molecule) ammonia (molecule) An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI] ammonia (molecule) methane (molecule) A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI] methane (molecule) carbon dioxide (molecule) A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. [CHEBI] carbon dioxide (molecule) carbon monoxide (molecule) A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. [CHEBI] carbon monoxide (molecule) nitrate ion nitrate A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. [CHEBI] nitrate ion dinitrogen (molecule) An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. [CHEBI] dinitrogen (molecule) ethene (molecule) A compound consisting of two bivalently-bonded carbon atoms, each bonded to two hydrogen atoms. [Allotrope] ethene (molecule) dihydrogen (molecule) An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. [CHEBI] dihydrogen (molecule) PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1142 molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. [IUPAC] molecular entity PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1143 molecule A molecule is a polyatomic molecular entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. [Allotrope] molecule ozone (molecule) An elemental molecule with formula O3. [CHEBI] ozone (molecule) polyol (molecule) A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.. [CHEBI] polyol (molecule) radical A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron. [CHEBI] radical acetylene (molecule) A compound consisting of two trivalently-bonded carbon atoms, each bonded to a hydrogen atom. [Allotrope] acetylene (molecule) Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93 PAC, 1996, 68, 2223. 'Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)' on page 2262 photon A photon is a particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hν and momentum hν/c (h is the Planck constant, ν the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. [IUPAC] photon nucleon A nucleon is either a proton or a neutron. [Wikipedia] nucleon helium (atom) An atom of the chemical element Helium. [Allotrope] helium (atom) lepton Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI] lepton baryon Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI] baryon fermion Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. [CHEBI] fermion boson A boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. [Wikipedia] boson subatomic particle A subatomic particle is a material that is below the scale of an atom. [Allotrope] subatomic particle true nuclear particle A nuclear particle is a nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. [CHEBI] nuclear particle silver(1+) ion silver(1+) An silver(1+) ion is a +1 charged silver cation. [Allotrope] silver(1+) ion argon (atom) An atom of the chemical element Argon. [Allotrope] argon (atom) isocyanate (molecule) Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group ‒N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C≡N). [CHEBI] isocyanate (molecule) portion of material An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. [CHMO] portion of material air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. [ENVO] air environmental material An environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. [ENVO] environmental material environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. [ENVO] environmental system true objective specification goal specification A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. [IAO] In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. objective specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label [IAO] datum label true software Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. [IAO] software model number equipment model number instrument model number part number 2019-09-19 Add alt label part number. [Allotrope] A model number is an information content entity specifically borne by catalogs, design specifications, advertising materials, inventory systems and similar that is about manufactured objects of the same class. The model number is an alternative term for the class. [IAO] model number true symbol An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. [IAO] a serial number such as "12324X" a stop sign a written proper name such as "OBI" symbol information content entity information object A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. [IAO] information content entity dot plot A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. [IAO] Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. dot plot graph two-dimensional graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. [IAO] graph true algorithm A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. [IAO] algorithm report A report is a document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. [IAO] case report (not patient record) grant progress report journal article patent application report true data format specification A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. [IAO] The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file [IAO] data format specification image An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. [IAO] image version number A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. [IAO] version number serial number A serial number is an information content entity which is a unique sequence of characters borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging that is assigned to each individual in some class of products, and so can serve as a way to identify an individual product within the class. Serial numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. [IAO] serial number lot number batch number A lot number is an information content entity which is an identical sequence of character borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging for each instances of a product class in a discrete batch of an item. [IAO] lot number material information bearer A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. [IAO] a brain a hard drive a page of a paperback novel with writing on it. material information bearer textual entity A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. textual entity true caption A textual entity that describes a figure [IAO] Figure 1: A system diagram describing the modules of the Hanalyzer. Reading methods (green) take external sources of knowledge (blue) and extract information from them, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data. Reading modules are responsible for tracking the provenance of all knowledge. Reasoning methods (yellow) enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. All knowledge sources, read or reasoned, are assigned a reliability score, and all are combined using that score into a knowledge network (orange) that represents the integration of all sorts of relationship between a pair of genes and a combined reliability score. A data network (also orange) is created from experimental results to be analyzed. The reporting modules (pink) integrate the data and knowledge networks, producing visualizations that can be queried with the associated drill-down tool. caption table A textual entity that contains a two-dimensional arrangement of texts repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, such that the spatial relationships among the constituent texts expresses propositions [IAO] table figure An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. [IAO] Any picture, diagram or table figure diagram A figure that expresses one or more propositions. [IAO] A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space. diagram document A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole [IAO] A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book document postal address A textual entity that is used as directive to deliver something to a person, or organization. [IAO] postal address RFC 5322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address email address An email address identifies an email box to which email messages are delivered. [Wikipedia] email address line graph A line graph is a type of graph created by connecting a series of data points together with a line. [IAO] line graph centrally registered identifier symbol A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. [IAO] centrally registered identifier symbol true centrally registered identifier An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. [IAO] The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. centrally registered identifier centrally registered identifier registry A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process. [IAO] PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles. centrally registered identifier registry written name A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality. [IAO] written name true human homo sapiens human being man A member of the the species Homo sapiens. [Allotrope] human electronic signature An electronic version of an individual's name or personal mark used to sign electronic documents, signifying that the writing which precedes accords with one's wishes and intentions. [NCI] electronic signature pharmaceutical dosage form dosage form dose form drug dose form pharmaceutical dose form pharmaceutical formulation The form in which active and/or inert ingredient(s) are physically presented. [NCI] pharmaceutical dosage form tablet dosage form tab tablet tablet dose form A table dosage form is a pharmaceutical dosage form that is a solid composed of a mixture of that active and/or inert ingredient(s) are pressed or compacted together, usually in the form of a relatively flat and round, square or oval shape. [NCI] tablet dosage form solid dosage form solid solid dose form A substance having definite shape and volume manufactured for the administration of active and/or inert ingredient(s). Solids include tablets, capsules, powders, granules and certain suppositories. [NCI] solid dosage form server A server is a computer which provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network. [NCI] server true planned process A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. [IAO] Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy planned process true processed material Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. [OBI] Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples processed material reagent role reagent A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer. [OBI] reagent role material processing Material processing is a planned material process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. [OBI] material processing true plan A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. [OBI] plan manufacturing Manufacturing is a producing with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. [OBI] manufacturing manufacturer role manufacturer Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. [OBI] With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI] With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI] With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI] manufacturer role true manufacturer A manufacturer is an organizational entity that has a manufacturer role. [Allotrope] manufacturer true organism A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. [OBI] OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI [OBI] subclasses should be imported from the NCBI taxonomy [Allotrope] organism curve fitting Curve fitting is a data transformation that is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints. [Wikipedia] curve fitting speed velocity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. [PATO] speed color (quality) color A color is a composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. [PATO] color (quality) PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy) PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) fluorescence (quality) 2021-06-21 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope] Fluorescence is a luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC] fluorescence (quality) composition compositionality content structure A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. [PATO] calcium composition (which may inhere in bone) haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). composition true Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993. concentration (quality) 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope] Concentration is a molecular quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [PATO] concentration (quality) hardness (quality) A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced. hardness (quality) true morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. [PATO] morphology shape (quality) shape 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). [PATO] shape (quality) true size (quality) dimension extend size 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. [PATO] size (quality) true height (quality) height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [PATO] height (quality) true length (quality) length 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. [PATO] length (quality) true mass (quality) mass 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2019-09-09 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. [PATO] mass (quality) position (quality) position Position is a spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. [PATO] position (quality) structure conformation relational structural quality 2018-12-05 Generalized definition [Allotrope] A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an material entity's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. [PATO] structure temperature (quality) temperature 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. [PATO] temperature (quality) viability (quality) viability 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. [PATO] viability (quality) viable A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive or the long term survival ability of a given population. [PATO] viable thickness (quality) thickness 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. [PATO] thickness (quality) true volume (quality) volume 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume (quality) width (quality) width A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. [PATO] width (quality) permeability A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). [PATO] permeability porosity A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO] porosity fully porous porous A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO] fully porous non-porous A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO] non-porous viscosity (quality) A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. [PATO] viscosity (quality) mass density (quality) density mass density 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. mass density (quality) power (quality) Power is a physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of doing work. [PATO] power power (quality) pressure (quality) pressure 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure (quality) force (quality) force force amplitude 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. [PATO] force (quality) concentrated A concentration that is relatively high. [Allotrope] concentrated diluted A concentration which is relatively low. [PATO] diluted strength (quality) strength 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force. strength (quality) wavelength (quality) wavelength 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. [PATO] 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope] wavelength (quality) true electromagnetic radiation quality EM radiation quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [PATO] electromagnetic radiation quality true optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. [PATO] optical quality area (quality) area An area is a 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. [PATO] area (quality) true diameter (quality) diameter 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO] diameter (quality) angular velocity (quality) angular velocity 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope] A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. [PATO] angular velocity (quality) alive A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death. [PATO] alive dead A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. [PATO] dead flow rate (quality) flow rate 2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope] 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion through a surface per time. [Allotrope] flow rate (quality) conductivity (quality) conductivity 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. [PATO] Examples could be heat or electricity or sound. conductivity (quality) depth (quality) depth 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision. [PATO] depth (quality) molar mass (quality) molar mass A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [PATO] molar mass (quality) true 1-D extent 1-D size A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. [PATO] 1-D extent 2-D extent 2-D size A 2-D extend is a size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. [PATO] 2-D extent true 3-D extent 3D size A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. [PATO] 3-D extent PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) electrical conductivity (quality) conductivity conductivty (quality) electrical conductivity 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] 2020-01-23 Moved under electical quality and changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope] Electrical conductivity is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of resistivity. [IUPAC] electrical conductivity (quality) semi-viable A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of some of it's members' ability to survive. [PATO] semi-viable true pH (quality) pH 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). [PATO] pH (quality) true hydrophobicity (quality) hydrophobicity A chemical substance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. [PATO] hydrophobicity (quality) movement quality A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. [PATO] movement quality organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. [PATO] organismal quality osmolality (quality) osmolality 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope] A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. [PATO] osmolality (quality) affinity Affinity is a molecular quality that arises from the molecular attraction exerted between two atoms or compounds. [PATO] affinity polarity (molecular quality) polarity Polarity is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of whether or not the molecular entity has a separation of electric charge which leads to the molecule having an electric dipole. [PATO] polarity (molecular quality) true polarizability (quality) polarizability Polarizability is a molecular quality that arises from the ease of distortion of the electron cloud of the molecular entity by an electric field. [PATO] polarizability (quality) electric charge (molecular quality) charge electric charge Electric charge is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the overall electric charge of the molecule, which is due to a comparison between the total number of electrons and the total number of protons. [PATO] electric charge (molecular quality) neutral charge neutral Neutral charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing the same amount of electrons overall as protons, thus having an overall neutral charge. [PATO] neutral charge positive charge positive Positive charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more protons overall than electrons, thus having an overall positive charge. [PATO] positive charge negative charge negative Negative charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more electrons overall than protons, thus having an overall negative charge. [PATO] negative charge velocity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position. [PATO] velocity fluid flow rate (quality) fluid flow rate volume flow rate volumetric flow rate 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO] fluid flow rate (quality) mass flow rate (quality) mass flow rate 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope] A flow rate quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the mass of substance which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO] mass flow rate (quality) radius (quality) radius 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope] A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter. [PATO] radius (quality) humidity (quality) humidity A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. [PATO] humidity (quality) system A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. [RO] system data cube DataSet data set dataset Represents a collection of observations, possibly organized into various slices, conforming to some common dimensional structure. [QB] data cube dimension dimension dimension vector dimension vector enumerated value enumerated value quantity quantity quantity kind quantity kind quantity value quantity value system of quantity kinds system of quantity kinds system of units system of units unit of measure unit unit of measure Collection A meaningful collection of concepts. Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy. Concept An idea or notion; a unit of thought. Concept Scheme A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts. Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies. A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources. Ordered Collection An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and the ordering are meaningful. Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'. instant instant interval interval Node shape Node shape Property shape Property shape Shape Shape Allotrope Foundation Royal Society of Chemistry atomic scale quantum scale Atomic scale refers to the distance between the nuclei of atoms in a material. This space is extremely large compared to the size of the atomic nucleus, and is related to the chemical bonds which bind atoms together. The spacing between atoms in most ordered solids is on the order of a few ångströms (a few tenths of a nanometer). [Wikipedia] atomic scale is smaller than mesoscopic scale atomic scale macroscopic scale The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible almost practically with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments. When applied to physical phenomena and bodies, the macroscopic scale describes things as a person can directly perceive them, without the aid of magnifying devices. This is in contrast to observations (microscopy) or theories (microphysics, statistical physics) of objects of geometric lengths smaller than perhaps some hundreds of micrometers. [Wikipedia] macroscopic scale mesoscopic scale Mesoscopic physics is a sub-discipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of an intermediate length. The scale of these materials can be described as being between the size of a quantity of atoms (such as a molecule) and of materials measuring micrometers. [Wikipedia] mesoscopic is smaller than microscopic mesoscopic scale microscopic scale In physics, the microscopic scale is sometimes considered the scale between the macroscopic and the quantum realm. Microscopic units and measurements are used to classify and describe very small objects. One common microscopic length scale unit is the Micrometer (μm) - one millionth of 1 meter. [Wikipedia] microscopic is smaller than macroscopic microscopic scale subatomic scale The subatomic scale is is the scale of the subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons, photons. [Wikipedia] subatomic is smaller than atomic subatomic scale positive positive polarity positive Positive polarity is the code that indicates a positive direction of polarity. [Allotrope] positive polarity negative negative polarity negative Negative polarity is the code that indicates a negative direction of polarity. [Allotrope] negative polarity pass (calibration) pass Pass is the calibration assessment code, that indicates that the calibrated instrument measures within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope] pass (calibration) fail (calibration) fail Fail is the calibration assessment code, that indicates the calibrated instrument does not measure within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope] fail (calibration) indeterminate (calibration) indeterminate Indeterminate is the calibration assessment code, that indicates it cannot be clearly stated whether the calibrated instrument does measure within the specification of the calibration method or not. [Allotrope] indeterminate (calibration) hygroscopic 2021-09-29 Moved under hygroscopicity code. [Allotrope] Hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 2% and less than 15%. [Allotrope] hygroscopic slightly hygroscopic 2021-09-29 Moved under hygroscopicity code. [Allotrope] Slightly hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 0.2% and less than 2%. [Allotrope] slightly hygroscopic non-hygroscopic 2021-09-29 Moved under hygroscopicity code. [Allotrope] Non-hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as no greater than 0.2%. [Allotrope] non-hygroscopic deliquescent 2021-09-29 Moved under hygroscopicity code. [Allotrope] Deliquescent is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the substance as sufficiently absorbant to form a liquid. [Allotrope] deliquescent very hygroscopic 2021-09-29 Moved under hygroscopicity code. [Allotrope] Very hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 15%. [Allotrope] very hygroscopic invalid Invalid is a data validity code that classifies the data that does not meet the requirements of some qualification. [Allotrope] invalid valid Valid is a data validity code that classifies the data that does meet the requirements of some qualification. [Allotrope] valid bottom bottom Bottom indicates the lowest vertical position. [Allotrope] bottom top top top position Top indicates the highest vertical position. [Allotrope] top below below below position Below indicates a vertical position that is lower than another. [Allotrope] below above above above position Above indicates a vertical position that is higher than another. [Allotrope] above machine direction Machine direction is a sampling orientation code that denotes a sample cut parallel to the direction of extrusion of the material being sampled. [Allotrope] machine direction cross direction Cross direction is a sampling orientation code that denotes a sample cut perpendicular to the direction of extrusion of the material being sampled. [Allotrope] cross direction adhesive peel An adhesive peel is a break code that denotes a peel along the seal contact line. [Allotrope] adhesive peel cohesive peel A cohesive peel is a break code that denotes a peel within one of the sealant layers. [Allotrope] cohesive peel delamination A delamination is a break code that denotes a separation between two layers somewhere other than the seal contact line. [Allotrope] delamination material break A material break is a break code that denotes a catastrophic failure of one of the arms at the seal. [Allotrope] material break material break (remote) A material break (remote) is a break code that denotes a catastrophic failure of one of the arms at a distance from the seal. [Allotrope] material break (remote) material elongation A material elongation is a break code that denotes an elongation of one or both of the arms. [Allotrope] material elongation peel with elongation A peel with elongation is a break code that denotes an elongation of one or both of the arms with peel along the seal contact line. [Allotrope] peel with elongation no seal A no seal is a break code that denotes a failure to achieve a seal. [Allotrope] no seal parallel orientation Parallel orientation is a polarization orientation code that denotes a parallel orientation relative to the plane of excitation. [Allotrope] parallel orientation perpendicular orientation Perpendicular orientation is a polarization orientation code that denotes a perpendicular orientation relative to the plane of excitation. [Allotrope] perpendicular orientation These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. By using these taxonomies, you agree to the following terms and conditions applicable to its contents: ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for National Center for Biomedical Ontology materials. 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The original work may have been modified. ****************************************************************************** Copyright and Attribution Notice for Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Document This work contains material from the following DCMI document used pursuant to a creative commons license available here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This material may have been modified or changed. Timestamped URL: http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/ Date Issued: 2012-06-14 Document Status: This is a DCMI Recommendation. Copyright © 1995-2015 DCMI. All Rights Reserved. DCMI liability, trademark/service mark, document use and software licensing rules apply. ****************************************************************************** These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. 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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ****************************************************************************** Copyright Notice and Terms for PSI-MS (Proteomics Standards Initiative - Mass Spectrometry) Mass spectrometer output files and spectra interpretation _____________________________________________________________________________ Created by Matt Chambers, Andreas Bertsch, Marius Kallhardt, Eric Deutsch Fredrik Levander, Pierre-Alain Binz, and Gerhard Mayer. Publisher: HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative Mass Spectrometry Standards Working Group and HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative Proteomics Informatics Working Group. This work is used pursuant to a Creative Commons license available here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for National Center for Biomedical Ontology materials. This work contains material from the Cell Ontology and Clinical Measurement Ontology, available here: http://bioportal.bioontology.org/. ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for ChEBI This work contains material from the European Bioinformatics Institute’s ChEBI database. ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for Quantities Units Dimensions Data Types (http://www.qudt.org/) This work contains content from www.qudt.org and is used pursuant to a Creative Commons License available here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/legalcode. The original work may have been modified. ****************************************************************************** Copyright and Attribution Notice for Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Document This work contains material from the following DCMI document used pursuant to a creative commons license available here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This material may have been modified or changed. Timestamped URL: http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/ Date Issued: 2012-06-14 Document Status: This is a DCMI Recommendation. Copyright © 1995-2015 DCMI. All Rights Reserved. DCMI liability, trademark/service mark, document use and software licensing rules apply. ****************************************************************************** These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. 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Copyright © 2015-2025 Allotrope Foundation Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License Copyright (c) 2019 International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry Copyright © 2019 International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry Reproduced by permission of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Person:Alan Ruttenberg bulk density A densitometry of bulk material that includes the contribution of the interparticulate void volume. [Allotrope] bulk density To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003]) To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003]) To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003]) To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003]) To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003]) contributor contributor issued issued license license modified modified publisher publisher rights rights title title