format-version: 1.1 data-version: releases/2013-08 auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.2 default-namespace: bcteo [Term] id: ID:0000000 name: Cell seeding def: "Phase in which cells are loaded onto a carrier, substrate or threedimensional material." [] is_a: ID:0000023 ! In vitro study [Term] id: ID:0000001 name: Cell expansion def: "Experimental phase aimed to amplify the number of cell in culture, through their doubling." [] is_a: ID:0000023 ! In vitro study [Term] id: ID:0000002 name: Scaffold property def: "Property that is typical of a specific scaffold, depending not only on the material but even on the shape, the size, the structure etc." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000003 name: Cell namespace: caro def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane." [CARO:0000013] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000028 ! Implant relationship: part_of ID:0000008 ! Primary cell culture relationship: part_of ID:0000020 ! Cell line [Term] id: ID:0000004 name: Mechanical property def: "Property that reveals the reaction, either elastic or plastic, of a metal to an applied stress. Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, impact strength, and bend ability are examples of mechanical properties." [] is_a: ID:0000002 ! Scaffold property [Term] id: ID:0000005 name: Cell expansion environment def: "Experimental environment where cells are expanded. It describes all the biological parameters related to cell expansion." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion [Term] id: ID:0000006 name: Morphological property def: "Property of materials, biological tissues or other objects, and their specific structural features. It can regard aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, pattern) as well as the form and structure of the internal parts." [] is_a: ID:0000002 ! Scaffold property [Term] id: ID:0000007 name: Neoformed tissue def: "Tissue grown on substitute material." [] is_a: ID:0000102 ! Tissue relationship: derives_from ID:0000028 ! Implant relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000008 name: Primary cell culture namespace: obi def: "Cell culture where the cells derive from a fresh tissue source." [OBI:0100061] relationship: derives_from ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue [Term] id: ID:0000009 name: Density def: "Mass per unit volume." [] xref: OPB:00546 is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000137 ! Compression test relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test relationship: derives_from ID:0000140 ! Torsion test [Term] id: ID:0000010 name: Young's module def: "Measure of the stiffness of an elastic material and is a quantity used to characterize materials. It is defined as the ratio of the stress along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of stress in which Hooke's law holds." [] synonym: "Elastic modulus" RELATED [] synonym: "Tensile modulus" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000137 ! Compression test relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test relationship: derives_from ID:0000140 ! Torsion test [Term] id: ID:0000011 name: Pore shape def: "The shape of the pores in the material." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000012 name: Ovis aries namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9940 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000013 name: Total porosity def: "Percentage of pore space." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000014 name: Disk def: "A round, flattened, platelike structure." [] is_a: ID:0000026 ! Shape [Term] id: ID:0000015 name: Resilience def: "Ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading." [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000137 ! Compression test relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test relationship: derives_from ID:0000140 ! Torsion test [Term] id: ID:0000016 name: Cube def: "A symmetrical three-dimensional shape, either solid or hollow, contained by six equal squares." [] is_a: ID:0000026 ! Shape [Term] id: ID:0000017 name: Porosity def: "Measure of the void (i.e., \"empty\") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0 and 100%." [] is_a: ID:0000006 ! Morphological property [Term] id: ID:0000018 name: Culture medium def: "Liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells. There are different types of media for growing different types of cells." [] is_a: ID:0000247 ! Cell culture environment [Term] id: ID:0000019 name: Expansion medium def: "Liquid or gel designed to expand cells. There are different types of media for culture different types of cells." [] is_a: ID:0000005 ! Cell expansion environment [Term] id: ID:0000020 name: Cell line namespace: ero def: "Population of cells cultured in vitro that are descended through one or more generations (and possible sub-cultures) from a single primary culture which was originally derived from part of an organism. The cells of such a population share common characteristics." [ERO:0000009] relationship: derives_from ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue [Term] id: ID:0000021 name: Experiment def: "A methodical procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis." [] [Term] id: ID:0000022 name: Size def: "The magnitude of a quantity, such as length or mass, relative to a unit of measurement." [] is_a: ID:0000006 ! Morphological property [Term] id: ID:0000023 name: In vitro study def: "A study design that is done in a test environment, such as a culture dish, using an established cell culture procedure." [] synonym: "In vitro study" RELATED [OBI:0001285] is_a: ID:0000021 ! Experiment [Term] id: ID:0000024 name: Weight namespace: pato def: "A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body." [PATO:0000128] relationship: characterizes ID:0000082 ! Donor [Term] id: ID:0000025 name: Pore volume def: "The pores in the material considered collectively." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000026 name: Shape def: "Geometrical description of the part of that space occupied by the object, as determined by its external boundary, abstracting from location and orientation in space, size, and other properties such as colour, content, and material composition." [] is_a: ID:0000006 ! Morphological property [Term] id: ID:0000027 name: In vivo study namespace: obi def: "A study design that is conducted entirely in a living organism, e.g. a compound treatment in a mouse model." [OBI:0001199] is_a: ID:0000021 ! Experiment [Term] id: ID:0000028 name: Implant def: "A medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure." [] is_a: ID:0000027 ! In vivo study [Term] id: ID:0000029 name: Ectopic implant def: "An substitute material implant out of the original place." [] is_a: ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000030 name: Orthotopic implant def: "A substitute material implant in the original place." [] is_a: ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000031 name: Connective tissue namespace: bto def: "The tissue which binds together and is the support of the various structures of the body. It is made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the mesoderm and in a broad sense includes the collagenous, elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. Some also include the blood in this group of tissues. Connective tissue is classified according to concentration of fibers as loose (areolar) and dense, the latter having more abundant fibers than the former." [BTO:0000421] is_a: ID:0000007 ! Neoformed tissue is_a: ID:0000103 ! Natural tissue [Term] id: ID:0000032 name: Other ceramic material def: "Ceramic materials not included in the ceramic list." [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000033 name: Cellular response evaluation def: "Eveluation of the biochemical, molecular, mechanical events activated within the cell when cultured on a material. The nature of these intracellular events differs according to the type of cell and the considered material." [] [Term] id: ID:0000034 name: Gender namespace: snomedct def: "Range of physical, mental, and behavioral characteristics distinguishing between masculinity and femininity." [SNOMEDCT:263495000] relationship: characterizes ID:0000082 ! Donor relationship: characterizes ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000035 name: Biomaterial def: "A non-drug substance suitable for inclusion in systems which augment or replace the function of bodily tissues or organs." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000036 name: Intrinsic property def: "an essential or inherent property of a system or of a material itself or within. It is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the chemical composition or structure of the material." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000037 name: Physical property def: "Material's property that can be discerned without changing the chemical identity of the sample and that can be used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions." [] is_a: ID:0000036 ! Intrinsic property [Term] id: ID:0000038 name: Chemical property def: "Material's property that becomes evident during a chemical reaction." [] is_a: ID:0000036 ! Intrinsic property [Term] id: ID:0000039 name: Hydrophilicity def: "Property of a molecular entity to be attracted to, and tends to be dissolved by, water." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000178 ! Chitosan gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000179 ! Gelatin relationship: characterizes ID:0000180 ! Dextran gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000181 ! Polyethylene glycol gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000182 ! Chitosan-alginate composite [Term] id: ID:0000040 name: Biocompatibility def: "Ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000089 ! Titanium relationship: characterizes ID:0000090 ! Alumina relationship: characterizes ID:0000094 ! Glass ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000095 ! Bioglass relationship: characterizes ID:0000096 ! Tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000098 ! Calcium oxide relationship: characterizes ID:0000099 ! Calcium carbonate relationship: characterizes ID:0000100 ! Gypsum relationship: characterizes ID:0000113 ! Collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000114 ! Chitosan relationship: characterizes ID:0000116 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000150 ! Hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000210 ! Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000211 ! Silk relationship: characterizes ID:0000212 ! Titanium dioxide relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000215 ! SPCL-Si relationship: characterizes ID:0000216 ! Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000218 ! Strontium-hardystonite-gahnite relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle relationship: characterizes ID:0000222 ! Bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine relationship: characterizes ID:0000224 ! Collagen-glycosaminoglycan relationship: characterizes ID:0000225 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan relationship: characterizes ID:0000245 ! Magnesium-calcium phosphate [Term] id: ID:0000041 name: Hydrophobicity def: "Property of a molecular entity that is repelled from a mass of water." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000089 ! Titanium relationship: characterizes ID:0000090 ! Alumina relationship: characterizes ID:0000094 ! Glass ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000095 ! Bioglass relationship: characterizes ID:0000096 ! Tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000113 ! Collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000167 ! Polycaprolactone relationship: characterizes ID:0000210 ! Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000215 ! SPCL-Si relationship: characterizes ID:0000216 ! Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000217 ! Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle relationship: characterizes ID:0000222 ! Bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine relationship: characterizes ID:0000224 ! Collagen-glycosaminoglycan [Term] id: ID:0000042 name: Resorbability def: "Property of a material that, upon placement within the organism, starts to dissolve (resorbed) and, in some cases, is slowly replaced by advancing tissue (such as bone)." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000092 ! Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene relationship: characterizes ID:0000096 ! Tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000097 ! Polylactic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000098 ! Calcium oxide relationship: characterizes ID:0000099 ! Calcium carbonate relationship: characterizes ID:0000100 ! Gypsum relationship: characterizes ID:0000113 ! Collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000114 ! Chitosan relationship: characterizes ID:0000116 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000167 ! Polycaprolactone relationship: characterizes ID:0000177 ! Alginate relationship: characterizes ID:0000178 ! Chitosan gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000179 ! Gelatin relationship: characterizes ID:0000180 ! Dextran gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000181 ! Polyethylene glycol gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000182 ! Chitosan-alginate composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000183 ! Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000184 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000185 ! Collagen-chitosan composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000186 ! Polycaprolactone-collagen composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000188 ! Polyglycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000189 ! Poloxamine-polylysine acrylate relationship: characterizes ID:0000190 ! Polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000200 ! Poly-L-lactide relationship: characterizes ID:0000210 ! Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000211 ! Silk relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000215 ! SPCL-Si relationship: characterizes ID:0000216 ! Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000217 ! Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle relationship: characterizes ID:0000222 ! Bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine relationship: characterizes ID:0000223 ! Polyurethane relationship: characterizes ID:0000224 ! Collagen-glycosaminoglycan relationship: characterizes ID:0000225 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan relationship: characterizes ID:0000245 ! Magnesium-calcium phosphate [Term] id: ID:0000043 name: Thermal stability def: "Stability of a molecule at high temperatures." [] is_a: ID:0000037 ! Physical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000086 ! Stainless steel relationship: characterizes ID:0000089 ! Titanium relationship: characterizes ID:0000090 ! Alumina relationship: characterizes ID:0000091 ! Partially stabilised zirconia relationship: characterizes ID:0000094 ! Glass ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000095 ! Bioglass relationship: characterizes ID:0000096 ! Tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000097 ! Polylactic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000098 ! Calcium oxide relationship: characterizes ID:0000099 ! Calcium carbonate relationship: characterizes ID:0000100 ! Gypsum relationship: characterizes ID:0000116 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000150 ! Hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000176 ! Polyethylene glycol relationship: characterizes ID:0000210 ! Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000225 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan [Term] id: ID:0000044 name: Electrical conductivity def: "It measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current." [] is_a: ID:0000037 ! Physical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000086 ! Stainless steel relationship: characterizes ID:0000089 ! Titanium [Term] id: ID:0000045 name: Thermal conductivity def: "Property of a material to conduct heat." [] is_a: ID:0000037 ! Physical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000086 ! Stainless steel relationship: characterizes ID:0000089 ! Titanium [Term] id: ID:0000046 name: Age namespace: mo def: "A temporal measurement of the time period elapsed since an identifiable point in the life cycle of an organism. If a developmental stage is specified, the identifiable point would be the beginning of that stage. Otherwise the identifiable point must be specified such as planting (e.g. 3 days post planting)." [MO:467] relationship: characterizes ID:0000082 ! Donor relationship: characterizes ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000047 name: Cell seeding time relationship: characterizes ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding [Term] id: ID:0000048 name: Cell expansion time def: "Duration of the cellular expansion phase." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion [Term] id: ID:0000049 name: Cell quantity def: "Amount of used cells." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: characterizes ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion [Term] id: ID:0000050 name: Diameter namespace: pato def: "A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary." [PATO:0001334] is_a: ID:0000022 ! Size [Term] id: ID:0000051 name: Pore size def: "It gives an indication of the median or mean size of the pores on a membrane surface." [] is_a: ID:0000022 ! Size relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000052 name: Mechanics analysis def: "Studies about the mechanical behavior of materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents." [] is_a: ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000053 name: Pore size distribution def: "It is the relative abundance of each pore size in a representative volume." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000054 name: Biomolecular analysis def: "Investigation of biomolecules, which are molecules that are involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of all living organisms." [] is_a: ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000055 name: Length def: "The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension." [] is_a: ID:0000022 ! Size [Term] id: ID:0000056 name: Height def: "The distance from the base of something to the top." [] is_a: ID:0000022 ! Size [Term] id: ID:0000057 name: Width def: "A piece of material measured along its smaller dimension or its crosswise grain." [] is_a: ID:0000022 ! Size [Term] id: ID:0000058 name: Cylinder def: "A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval section." [] is_a: ID:0000026 ! Shape [Term] id: ID:0000059 name: Sphere def: "A three-dimensional surface, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point." [] is_a: ID:0000026 ! Shape [Term] id: ID:0000060 name: Atomic Force Microscopy def: "Very high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy, with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. The information is gathered by \"feeling\" the surface with a mechanical probe. Piezoelectric elements that facilitate tiny but accurate and precise movements on (electronic) command enable the very precise scanning." [] synonym: "AFM" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000052 ! Mechanics analysis is_a: ID:0000071 ! Morphology analysis [Term] id: ID:0000061 name: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis def: "Technique used to study and characterize materials. It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus. Each test provides a stress-strain curve as output, which describes the relationship between the applied stress and the shown strain for a particular material." [] synonym: "DMA" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000052 ! Mechanics analysis [Term] id: ID:0000062 name: X-ray microtomography def: "Microtomography uses a similar technique as X-ray tomography systems used in medicine (CT Scans) but with much finer resolution. Multiple 2D X-ray images are stored while either the sample or the source / detector pair is rotated. Internal structures are reconstructed as a series of 2D cross sections (up to 2600 in a single scan) which are then used to analyze the two and three dimensional morphological parameters of the object. The process is non destructive and requires no special preparation of the specimen." [] synonym: " Micro-CT" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000071 ! Morphology analysis [Term] id: ID:0000063 name: Real-time polymerase chain reaction namespace: obi def: "A laboratory technique based on the PCR, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a specific DNA molecule based on the use of complementary probes/primers. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample." [OBI:0000893] synonym: "Kinetic polymerase chain reaction" RELATED [] synonym: "qPCR" RELATED [] synonym: "Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction" RELATED [] synonym: "Real Time PCR" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000064 name: Transmission electron microscopy def: "Microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. TEMs are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes: this enables to examine fine detail. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; the image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera." [] synonym: "TEM" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000071 ! Morphology analysis [Term] id: ID:0000065 name: Gene expression microarray def: "Gene expression microarray technology measures the relative activity of previously identified target genes and provide the gene expression profiling, which is the measurement, at once, of the activation of thousands of genes, to create a global picture of cellular function." [] synonym: "DNA microarray" RELATED [OBI:0400148] is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000066 name: Mass Spectrometry namespace: obi def: "Measuring method consisting of turning elements in a sample into ions, isolating them according to the ratio between the mass and charge numbers and detecting it electrically." [OBI:0000470] xref: PRIDE:0000027 is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000067 name: Immunohistofluorescence def: "Histofluorescence (fluorescence of the tissues under exposure to ultraviolet rays following the injection of a fluorescent substance or as a result of a natural fluorescing substance) accomplished by injection of antibody labeled with fluorochrome." [] synonym: "IHF" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000068 name: Histochemical staining def: "study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. It is commonly performed by examining cells and tissues by sectioning and staining, followed by examination under a light microscope or electron microscope. Histological studies may be conducted via tissue culture, where live cells can be isolated and maintained in a proper environment outside the body for various research projects. The ability to visualize or differentially identify microscopic structures is frequently enhanced through the use of histological stains." [] xref: OBI:0600020 "the visual examination of cells or tissue (or images of them) with an assessment regarding a quality of the cells or tissue. Parts are: staining, imaging, judgement" is_a: ID:0000071 ! Morphology analysis [Term] id: ID:0000069 name: Immunohistochemistry namespace: mi def: "Method using an antibody coupled with some colouring agent to detect a specific protein within a tissue sample. In some cases the primary antibody is directly linked to a colouring agent, more often the primary antibody is targeted by a secondary antibody, targeting the primary antibody." [MI:1198] synonym: "IHC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000070 name: Scanning electron microscopy def: "Electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with electrons in the sample, producing various signals that can be detected and that contain information about the sample's surface topography and composition. The electron beam is generally scanned in a raster scan pattern, and the beam's position is combined with the detected signal to produce an image. SEM can achieve resolution better than 1 nanometer." [] synonym: "SEM" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000071 ! Morphology analysis [Term] id: ID:0000071 name: Morphology analysis def: "Investigations about the form and structure of organisms and their specific features." [] is_a: ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000072 name: Chondrocyte namespace: bto def: "Cartilage cells. They make the structural components of cartilage." [BTO:0000249] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000073 name: Osteoblast namespace: cl def: "Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell." [CL:0000062] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000074 name: Mesenchymal stem cell namespace: bto def: "A special adult stem cell, which is a multipotent stem cell, that can be found in bone marrow and can produce all cell types of bone, cartilage, fat, blood, and connective tissues." [BTO:0003298] synonym: "MSC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000075 name: Organism namespace: obi def: "A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs." [OBI:0100026] [Term] id: ID:0000076 name: Cell concentration def: "Amount of cells per volume of medium used." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: characterizes ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion [Term] id: ID:0000077 name: Affymetrix technology def: "Affymetrix is a US company that manufactures DNA microarrays." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000065 ! Gene expression microarray [Term] id: ID:0000078 name: Implant time def: "Time when the substitue material is within the host." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000079 name: Cartilage namespace: bto def: "A specialized, fibrous connective tissue, forming most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo, providing a model in which most of the bones develop, and constituting an important part of the growth mechanism of the organism. It exists in several types, the most important of which are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Also used as a general term to designate a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body." [BTO:0000206] is_a: ID:0000031 ! Connective tissue is_a: ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue [Term] id: ID:0000080 name: Bone marrow namespace: bto def: "The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells." [BTO:0000141] xref: BTO:0000141 is_a: ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue [Term] id: ID:0000081 name: Adipose tissue namespace: bto def: "Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat." [BTO:0001487] xref: BTO:0001487 is_a: ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue [Term] id: ID:0000082 name: Donor namespace: obi def: "A role which inheres in an organism or part thereof from which any part including cell, organ or tissue is removed with the intention that the donated part will be placed into another organism and/or cultured in vitro." [OBI:1110087] is_a: ID:0000075 ! Organism [Term] id: ID:0000083 name: Host def: "Organism for the implant." [] is_a: ID:0000075 ! Organism relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000084 name: Gel def: "Solid, jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the crosslinking within the fluid that give a gel its structure (hardness) and contribute to the adhesive stick." [] is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000085 name: Other metal material def: "Metal materials not included in the previous list." [] is_a: ID:0000117 ! Metal [Term] id: ID:0000086 name: Stainless steel def: "Steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5%[1] to 11% chromium content by mass. It does not readily corrode, rust or stain with water as ordinary steel does, but despite the name it is not fully stain-proof, most notably under low oxygen, high salinity, or poor circulation environments." [] synonym: "Inox" RELATED [] synonym: "Inox steel" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000117 ! Metal [Term] id: ID:0000087 name: Other polymeric materials def: "Other polymeric materials not included in the previous list." [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000088 name: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Hyphenated technique, combining the separation power of liquid chromatography (LC), an analytical chromatographic technique for separating ions or molecules dissolved in a solvent, with the detection power of mass spectrometry(MS), a technique to separate gas phase ions according their m/z (mass to charge ratio) value. Used for drug screening, pharmacology studies, environmental analyses and forensics." [Thesaurus:Liquid_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry] synonym: "LC/MS" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000066 ! Mass Spectrometry [Term] id: ID:0000089 name: Titanium def: "Chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant (including sea water, aqua regia and chlorine) transition metal with a silver color." [] is_a: ID:0000117 ! Metal [Term] id: ID:0000090 name: Alumina def: "Chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3." [] synonym: "Aloxide" RELATED [] synonym: "Aluminium oxide" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000091 name: Partially stabilised zirconia def: "Non-metallic structural material that combines hardness, reduced fragility, and chemical inertness with high chemical stability in aggressive environments throughout a wide temperature range." [] is_a: ID:0000175 ! Other biomaterials [Term] id: ID:0000092 name: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene def: "Subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene, characterized by extremely long chains, with a molecular weight usually between 2 and 6 million. The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by strengthening intermolecular interactions." [] synonym: "High-modulus polyethylene" RELATED [] synonym: "High-performance polyethylene" RELATED [] synonym: "HMPE" RELATED [] synonym: "HPPE" RELATED [] synonym: "UHMW" RELATED [] synonym: "UHMWPE" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000093 name: Other gel def: "Gel material not listed among the gels." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000094 name: Glass ceramic def: "Polycrystalline material produced through controlled crystallization of base glass." [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000095 name: Bioglass def: "Family of bioactive glasses, composed of SiO2, Na2O, CaO and P2O5 in specific proportions." [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000096 name: Tricalcium phosphate def: "Calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2." [] synonym: "Bone phosphate of lime" RELATED [] synonym: "BPL" RELATED [] synonym: "Tribasic calcium phosphate" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000097 name: Polylactic acid def: "Athermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources." [] synonym: "PLA" RELATED [] synonym: "Polylactide" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000098 name: Calcium oxide def: "Chemical compound with the formula CaO." [] synonym: "Burnt lime" RELATED [] synonym: "Quicklime" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000099 name: Calcium carbonate def: "Chemical compound with the formula CaCO3." [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000100 name: Gypsum def: "Very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O." [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000101 name: Growth environment namespace: obi def: "The collection of material entities and their qualities that are located near a live organism, tissue or cell and can influence its growth." [OBI:0000997] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000001 ! Cell expansion relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000028 ! Implant [Term] id: ID:0000102 name: Tissue namespace: caro def: "Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships." [CARO:0000043] [Term] id: ID:0000103 name: Natural tissue def: "Natural tissue located within the organism in the natural site." [] is_a: ID:0000102 ! Tissue relationship: part_of ID:0000075 ! Organism [Term] id: ID:0000104 name: Isolated tissue def: "Tissue that has been extracted from the organism." [] is_a: ID:0000102 ! Tissue [Term] id: ID:0000105 name: Bone namespace: bto def: "The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates; it consists of an organic component (the cells and matrix) and an inorganic, or mineral, component; the matrix contains a framework of collagenous fibers and is impregnated with the mineral component, chiefly calcium phosphate (85 per cent) and calcium carbonate (10 per cent), which imparts the quality of rigidity to bone." [BTO:0000140] is_a: ID:0000031 ! Connective tissue [Term] id: ID:0000106 name: Homo sapiens namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9606 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor [Term] id: ID:0000107 name: Mus musculus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:10090 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000108 name: Rattus norvegicus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:10116 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000109 name: Oryctolagus cuniculus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9986 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000110 name: Bos taurus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9913 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor [Term] id: ID:0000111 name: Capra aegagrus hircus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9925 is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000112 name: Weight namespace: pato def: "A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body." [PATO:0000128] relationship: characterizes ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000113 name: Collagen def: "Group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content." [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000114 name: Chitosan namespace: chebi def: "An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues." [CHEBI:16261] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000115 name: Ceramic def: "Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling." [] is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000116 name: Calcium-phosphate based ceramic def: "Name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-)" [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000117 name: Metal def: "Element, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. Metals are usually shiny, malleable and ductile." [] is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000118 name: Affymetrix chip namespace: ero def: "A nucleic acid microarray assay that uses the GeneChip System as the platform for analyzing complex genetic information." [ERO:0001265] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000077 ! Affymetrix technology [Term] id: ID:0000119 name: Polymer namespace: chebi def: "A mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc." [CHEBI:60027] is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000120 name: Bioactivity def: "The effect/reaction/interaction/response of a given agent, such as a biomaterial or drug, upon a living organism or on living tissue." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000094 ! Glass ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000095 ! Bioglass relationship: characterizes ID:0000096 ! Tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000116 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic relationship: characterizes ID:0000150 ! Hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000183 ! Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000184 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000210 ! Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000218 ! Strontium-hardystonite-gahnite relationship: characterizes ID:0000225 ! Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan [Term] id: ID:0000121 name: Bioinertness def: "It refers to any material that once placed in the human body has minimal interaction with its surrounding tissue. Generally a fibrous capsule might form around bioinert implants hence its biofunctionality relies on tissue integration through the implant." [] is_a: ID:0000038 ! Chemical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000086 ! Stainless steel relationship: characterizes ID:0000090 ! Alumina relationship: characterizes ID:0000091 ! Partially stabilised zirconia relationship: characterizes ID:0000092 ! Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene relationship: characterizes ID:0000097 ! Polylactic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000167 ! Polycaprolactone relationship: characterizes ID:0000176 ! Polyethylene glycol relationship: characterizes ID:0000177 ! Alginate relationship: characterizes ID:0000178 ! Chitosan gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000179 ! Gelatin relationship: characterizes ID:0000180 ! Dextran gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000181 ! Polyethylene glycol gel relationship: characterizes ID:0000182 ! Chitosan-alginate composite relationship: characterizes ID:0000188 ! Polyglycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000189 ! Poloxamine-polylysine acrylate relationship: characterizes ID:0000190 ! Polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000200 ! Poly-L-lactide relationship: characterizes ID:0000215 ! SPCL-Si relationship: characterizes ID:0000216 ! Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000217 ! Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle [Term] id: ID:0000122 name: Ultimate tensile strength def: "Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking." [] synonym: " UTS" RELATED [] synonym: "Tensile strength" RELATED [] synonym: "TS" RELATED [] synonym: "Ultimate strength" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test [Term] id: ID:0000123 name: Bulk modulus def: "It measures the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume." [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000137 ! Compression test relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test relationship: derives_from ID:0000140 ! Torsion test [Term] id: ID:0000124 name: Affymetrix protocol def: "The Affymetrix protocol first steps are RNA isolation and conversion to cDNA and cRNA. The RNA is then hybridized with the array probes (25-mer) and the unbound material washed away. Finally a signal amplifying reaction is performed, the microarray chip is ready to be scanned and the signal acquired." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000077 ! Affymetrix technology [Term] id: ID:0000125 name: Affymetrix raw data file def: "DAT files contain raw image data; CEL files contain information about the expression levels of the individual probes; CHP files contain information about probe sets; EXP files contain information about experimental conditions and protocols. The CEL file (the most important for analysis) contains information about where each probe is on the chip, an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000077 ! Affymetrix technology [Term] id: ID:0000126 name: Illumina technology def: "Illumina, Inc. is a US company that develops, manufactures and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000065 ! Gene expression microarray [Term] id: ID:0000127 name: Illumina chip def: "In Illumina's BeadArray Technology each bead is covered with hundreds of thousands of copies of a specific oligonucleotide that act as the capture sequences in one of Illumina's assays. Examples are MouseWG-6 v2.0 Expression BeadChip, HumanWG-6 Expression BeadChip." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000126 ! Illumina technology [Term] id: ID:0000128 name: Illumina raw data file def: "Illumina BeadChip gene expression summary file contains the expression levels for each bead type on the arrays on the BeadChip." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000126 ! Illumina technology [Term] id: ID:0000129 name: Other gene expression microarray technologies def: "Other gene expression microarray techniques not included in the previous list." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000065 ! Gene expression microarray [Term] id: ID:0000130 name: Toluidine blue stain def: "It stains nucleic acids blue and polysaccharides purple." [] xref: FBbi:00000049 is_a: ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000131 name: Alcian blue stains def: "Family of polyvalent basic dyes used to stain acidic polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans in cartilages and other body structures, some types of mucopolysaccharides, sialylated glycocalyx of cells etc." [] xref: NDF-RT:N0000166971 is_a: ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000132 name: Masson's trichrome stain def: "Three-colour staining protocol able to distinguish cells from surrounding connective tissue. Most recipes produce red keratin and muscle fibers, blue or green collagen and bone, light red or pink cytoplasm, and dark brown to black cell nuclei." [] is_a: ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000133 name: Other stain def: "Staining methods not listed before." [] is_a: ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000134 name: Contact mode technique def: "Static mode operation where the static tip deflection is used as a feedback signal. The force between the tip and the surface is kept constant during scanning by maintaining a constant deflection." [] is_a: ID:0000060 ! Atomic Force Microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000135 name: Non-contact mode technique def: "The tip of the cantilever does not contact the sample surface. The van der Waals forces, which are strongest from 1 nm to 10 nm above the surface, or any other long range force which extends above the surface acts to decrease the resonance frequency of the cantilever. The absence of repulsive forces permits its use in the imaging of soft samples and does not require conducting samples." [] is_a: ID:0000060 ! Atomic Force Microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000136 name: Tapping mode technique def: "The cantilever is driven to oscillate up and down at near its resonance frequency by a small piezoelectric element mounted in the AFM tip holder similar to non-contact mode. However, the amplitude of this oscillation is greater than 10 nm, typically 100 to 200 nm. The interaction of forces acting on the cantilever when the tip comes close to the surface, Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, electrostatic forces, etc. cause the amplitude of this oscillation to decrease as the tip gets closer to the sample." [] is_a: ID:0000060 ! Atomic Force Microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000137 name: Compression test def: "Mechanical test where balanced inward (\"pushing\") forces are applied to different points of a material or structure. Applied forces have no net sum or torque directed. By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity, can be measured." [] is_a: ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000138 name: Tensile test def: "Materials science test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics" [] is_a: ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000139 name: Fracture test def: "Used to define a material's ability to resist deformation under load." [] is_a: ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000140 name: Torsion test def: "Mechanical test where an applied torque generate a twisting of the material." [] is_a: ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000141 name: Other mechanical test def: "Test not included in the previous list." [] is_a: ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000142 name: Illumina protocol def: "The Illumina Gene Expression microarray system uses total RNA as starting material (minimum of 250ng of total RNA at a minimum concentration of 25ng/ul). RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and in vitro transcription amplification are followed by hybridization on 50-mer probe sequences (several hundred thou- sand copies of the probe across the bead surface)." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000126 ! Illumina technology [Term] id: ID:0000143 name: Direct detection method protocol def: "The direct method is a one-step staining method and involves a labeled antibody (e.g. FITC-conjugated antiserum) reacting directly with the antigen in tissue sections. While this technique utilizes only one antibody and therefore is simple and rapid, the sensitivity is lower due to little signal amplification, such as with indirect methods, and is less commonly used than indirect methods." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000069 ! Immunohistochemistry [Term] id: ID:0000144 name: Indirect detection method protocol def: "The indirect method involves an unlabeled primary antibody (first layer) that binds to the target antigen in the tissue and a labeled secondary antibody (second layer) that reacts with the primary antibody. The secondary antibody must be raised against the IgG of the animal species in which the primary antibody has been raised. This method is more sensitive than direct detection strategies because of signal amplification due to the binding of several secondary antibodies to each primary antibody if the secondary antibody is conjugated to the fluorescent or enzyme reporter." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000069 ! Immunohistochemistry [Term] id: ID:0000145 name: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) protocol def: "Tissue fixation in formalin (an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde) in order to prevent it from decaying or degeneration and to examine it clearly under a microscope for histological, pathological or cytological studies. The fixed tissue is then embedded in paraffin wax in order to solidify it and easily cut its fine sections." [] is_a: ID:0000104 ! Isolated tissue relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000069 ! Immunohistochemistry [Term] id: ID:0000146 name: Hematoxylin-eosin stain namespace: ero def: "A histology technique that involves the staining of cells with a blue nuclear stain, hemalum followed by counterstaining with eosin, which stains eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange." [ERO:0001605] is_a: ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000147 name: Antibody namespace: go def: "An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component." [GO:0042571] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000069 ! Immunohistochemistry [Term] id: ID:0000148 name: Histochemistry stained tissue def: "Stained tissue are studied to define and examine: bulk tissues (for example muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (i.e. different blood cells), or molecules within individual cells (for example DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates)." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000149 name: Immunohistochemistry stained tissue def: "Biological staining is used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in tissues. Examples of proteins examined with this technique are BSP, Col I, Col II." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000069 ! Immunohistochemistry [Term] id: ID:0000150 name: Hydroxyapatite def: "Naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). Up to 50% of bone by weight is a modified form of hydroxyapatite (known as bone mineral)." [] synonym: "HA" RELATED [] synonym: "Hydroxylapatite" RELATED [] synonym: "Synthetic hydroxyapatite" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000151 name: Tandem Mass Spectrometry namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Mass spectrometers coupled in series. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from others in the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times." [Thesaurus:Tandem_Mass_Spectrometry] synonym: "MS/MS" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000066 ! Mass Spectrometry [Term] id: ID:0000152 name: Mass spectra file def: "MS/MS output file containing mass spectra, which show peaks due to the masses of the various ions produced by the fragmentation process. Spectra are converted into peptide sequence tags, used to identify a peptide in a protein database." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000066 ! Mass Spectrometry [Term] id: ID:0000153 name: Mass spectrometry sample preparation protocol def: "The protocol depends on the ion source different requirements for volume, concentration, and composition of the analyte solution. Furthermore, in protein mass spectrometry usually the protein of interest is cleaved into peptides before analysis, either by in-gel digestion or by proteolysis in solution." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000066 ! Mass Spectrometry [Term] id: ID:0000154 name: Composite def: "Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure." [] is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000155 name: Fibroblast namespace: cl def: "A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped." [CL:0000057] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000156 name: Primer namespace: ero def: "Nucleic acid reagent that is a short strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA or RNA synthesis." [ERO:0000631] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000063 ! Real-time polymerase chain reaction [Term] id: ID:0000157 name: Quantification file def: "Quantification can be relative or absolute. Relative quantification is based on internal reference genes to determine fold-differences in expression of the target gene. Absolute quantification gives the exact number of target DNA molecules by comparison with DNA standards. Examples of genes examined with this technique are COL1A1, COL2A1." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000063 ! Real-time polymerase chain reaction [Term] id: ID:0000158 name: DNA-polymerase namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Nucleotidyltransferases that catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA." [Thesaurus:DNA_Polymerase] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000063 ! Real-time polymerase chain reaction [Term] id: ID:0000159 name: Immunoblotting namespace: msh def: "Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies." [MSH:D015151] is_a: ID:0000054 ! Biomolecular analysis [Term] id: ID:0000160 name: Electrophoresis gel namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "A gel matrix through which molecules are separated, usually by size or charge, under the influence of an electrical field." [Thesaurus:Electrophoresis_Gel] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000159 ! Immunoblotting [Term] id: ID:0000161 name: Western blot namespace: mi def: "Procedure to identify and quantify proteins. A mixture of protein is first submitted to an electrophoresis in denaturing condition and then electro-transferred from the gel to a membrane. The membrane is then incubated with a primary antibody specific for a given protein or a specific residue modification in the sample under analysis. A secondary antibody, radiolabelled or fused to fluorophore or to a chromogenic enzyme, targets the first antibody and allows the visualisation of the protein band on the membrane." [MI:0113] is_a: ID:0000159 ! Immunoblotting [Term] id: ID:0000162 name: Northern blot namespace: mmo def: "A multistep process in which a mixture of RNA is separated by gel electrophoresis, that is, separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium, followed by transfer to a membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon and detection of specific RNAs by hybridization of a tagged or labelled polynucleotide, usually a single DNA fragment with a specific, known sequence." [MMO:0000339] is_a: ID:0000159 ! Immunoblotting [Term] id: ID:0000163 name: Southern blot namespace: mi def: "A standard procedure to identify DNA fragments containing specific gene sequences. In this procedure i) a genome is fragmented using a restriction enzyme ii) the generated fragments are separated by electrophoresis iii) the fragments are transferred to a membrane iv)the membrane is incubated with a radio labelled probe that hybridises any complementary subsequence." [MI:0103] is_a: ID:0000159 ! Immunoblotting [Term] id: ID:0000164 name: Agarose gel image def: "Image of the matrix gel containing the separated target molecules (proteins or nucleic acids)." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000159 ! Immunoblotting [Term] id: ID:0000165 name: Staining protocol namespace: pdq def: "Any of the various methods that use a dye, reagent, or other material for producing coloration in tissues or microorganisms for microscopic examination." [PDQ:CDR0000575401] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000068 ! Histochemical staining [Term] id: ID:0000166 name: Immunohistofluorescence stained tissue def: "Tissues that, under exposure to ultraviolet rays, produce fluorescence. Examples of proteins examined with this technique are BSP, Col I, Col II." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence [Term] id: ID:0000167 name: Polycaprolactone def: "Biodegradable polyester prepared by ring opening polymerization of caprolactone using a catalyst such as stannous octoate." [] synonym: "PCL" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000168 name: AFM image def: "High-resolution image acquired from AFM technology. It shows a combination of surface (topological information about the roughness and the features of the surface is derived) and mechanical information, by means of the cantilever which measures the elasticity of the tested sample." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000060 ! Atomic Force Microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000170 name: Fracture maximum load def: "The stress applied to fracture a specimen." [] synonym: "Breaking strength" RELATED [] synonym: "Fracture strength" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test [Term] id: ID:0000171 name: Fracture maximum strain def: "The strain applied to fracture a specimen." [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test [Term] id: ID:0000172 name: Torsion modulus def: "Measure of the amount of torque that a radial shaft can sustain during its rotation in a mechanical system." [] synonym: "Torsional stiffness" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000140 ! Torsion test [Term] id: ID:0000173 name: Maximum load def: "Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking." [] synonym: "Tensile strength" RELATED [] synonym: "Ultimate strength" RELATED [] synonym: "Ultimate tensile strength" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test [Term] id: ID:0000174 name: Maximum strain def: "Maximum strain that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking." [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000138 ! Tensile test [Term] id: ID:0000175 name: Other biomaterials is_a: ID:0000035 ! Biomaterial [Term] id: ID:0000176 name: Polyethylene glycol def: "Polyether compound whose structure is H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH." [] synonym: "PEG" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000177 name: Alginate def: "Anionic polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum. Characterized by biocompatibility and simple gelation with divalent cations such as Ca2+." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000178 name: Chitosan gel def: "Gel obtained from chitosan, a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit), made by treating shrimp and other crustacean shells with the alkali sodium hydroxide." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000179 name: Gelatin def: "Translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless solid substance, derived from collagen obtained from various animal by-products." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000180 name: Dextran gel def: "Gel based on dextran, a complex, branched glucan (polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules) composed of chains of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons)." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000181 name: Polyethylene glycol gel def: "Gel deriving from polyethylene glycol, produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water." [] is_a: ID:0000084 ! Gel [Term] id: ID:0000182 name: Chitosan-alginate composite def: "Material whose components are chitosan and alginate." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000183 name: Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite def: "Material whose components are collagen and hydroxyapatite." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000184 name: Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite def: "Material whose components are hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone." [] synonym: "PCL-HA" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000185 name: Collagen-chitosan composite def: "Material whose components are chitosan and collagen." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000186 name: Polycaprolactone-collagen composite def: "Material whose components are collagen and polycaprolactone." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000187 name: Other composite def: "Composite material not listed among the composite materials." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000188 name: Polyglycolic acid def: "Polymer prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization." [] synonym: "PGA" RELATED [] synonym: "Polyglycolide" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000189 name: Poloxamine-polylysine acrylate def: "Polymer for tissue engineering applications composed by polylysine, used to confer endothelial cell attachment properties to the poloxamine-based polymer, and acrylate, which makes it photo-cross-linkable." [] synonym: "PPA" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000190 name: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid def: "Copolymer synthesized by means of random ring-opening co-polymerization of two different monomers, the cyclic dimers (1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones) of glycolic acid and lactic acid." [] synonym: "PLGA" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000191 name: Mechanical parameter of load def: "Dataset of physical parameters about mechanical tests performed, such as the applied intensity and velocity of strain." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000061 ! Dynamic Mechanical Analysis [Term] id: ID:0000192 name: SEM image def: "High-resolution image acquired from SEM technique. Morphological information about sample surface and three-dimensional structure is derived." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000070 ! Scanning electron microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000193 name: TEM image def: "High-resolution image of TEM acquisition. The image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; it enables to examine fine details, even as small as a single column of atoms." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000064 ! Transmission electron microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000194 name: X ray image def: "High-resolution 2D image from X-ray technology. Since X-rays interact with matter, it's possible to highlight specific physical entities (i.e. tissues, organs), having different X-ray adsorption properties, due to their chemico-physical nature." [] relationship: derives_from ID:0000062 ! X-ray microtomography [Term] id: ID:0000195 name: Excitation wavelength def: "Wavelength of the radiation (usually coming from a laser line) used to stimulate fluorescence in the measured object. The stimulated dye will emit radiation with a particular Emission Wavelength." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000067 ! Immunohistofluorescence [Term] id: ID:0000196 name: Thermoplasticity def: "Material property consisting in becoming soft when heated and hard when cooled." [] is_a: ID:0000037 ! Physical property relationship: characterizes ID:0000092 ! Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene relationship: characterizes ID:0000097 ! Polylactic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000167 ! Polycaprolactone relationship: characterizes ID:0000176 ! Polyethylene glycol relationship: characterizes ID:0000188 ! Polyglycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000190 ! Polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000200 ! Poly-L-lactide relationship: characterizes ID:0000213 ! Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen relationship: characterizes ID:0000214 ! Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate relationship: characterizes ID:0000215 ! SPCL-Si relationship: characterizes ID:0000216 ! Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000217 ! Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle [Term] id: ID:0000197 name: Flexural strength def: "Mechanical parameter for brittle material, defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load." [] synonym: "Bend strength" RELATED [] synonym: "Fracture strength" RELATED [] synonym: "Modulus of rupture" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000004 ! Mechanical property relationship: derives_from ID:0000139 ! Fracture test [Term] id: ID:0000198 name: SEM protocol def: "It first aims at fixing samples, then at dehydrating them, through a ethanols scale, and finally at coating samples with gold/palladium alloy." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000070 ! Scanning electron microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000199 name: TEM protocol def: "It aims at fixing samples, dehydrating and including them into resin (infiltration and embedding)." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000064 ! Transmission electron microscopy [Term] id: ID:0000200 name: Poly-L-lactide def: "Form of polylactide, having lactic acid a chiral nature, and it is the product resulting from polymerization of L,L-lactide." [] synonym: "L-lactide" RELATED [] synonym: "PLLA" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000201 name: Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction namespace: obi def: "It is a PCR real time preceded by a reverse transcription step (reverse transcription step = an RNA strand is reverse transcribed into its DNA complement using the enzyme reverse transcriptase)" [OBI:0000911] synonym: "qRT-PCR" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000063 ! Real-time polymerase chain reaction [Term] id: ID:0000202 name: Extracellular matrix namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis." [NCIThesaurus:C13232] relationship: derives_from ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000203 name: Growth factor namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Extracellular signaling molecule involved in control of target cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell differentiation." [NCIThesaurus:C20424] relationship: characterizes ID:0000101 ! Growth environment [Term] id: ID:0000204 name: Growth factor concentration def: "Measurable characteristic related to the concentration of growth factors." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000101 ! Growth environment [Term] id: ID:0000205 name: Growth factor species def: "It defines the organism species the growth factor comes from." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000101 ! Growth environment [Term] id: ID:0000206 name: Growth factor isoform def: "It defines the specific isoform of the growth factor." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000101 ! Growth environment [Term] id: ID:0000207 name: Sus scrofa domesticus namespace: ncbi_taxonomy xref: NCBITaxon:9825 is_a: ID:0000082 ! Donor is_a: ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000208 name: Adipose-derived stem cell namespace: bto def: "Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted (multipotent) and are generally referred to by their tissue origin e.g. adipose-derived stem cell." [BTO:0005198] synonym: "ADSC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000209 name: Embryonic stem cell namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early embryo that can be propagated indefinitely in the primitive undifferentiated state while remaining pluripotent." [NCIThesaurus:C12935] synonym: "ESC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000210 name: Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite def: "Material whose components are silicon, tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000211 name: Silk namespace: msh def: "A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of fibroids. It is synthesized by a variety of insects and arachnids." [MeSH:D047011] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000212 name: Titanium dioxide namespace: chebi def: "A titanium molecular entity that has formula O2Ti." [CHEBI:32234] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000213 name: Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen def: "Material whose components are polycaprolactone, collagen and hydroxyapatite." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000214 name: Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate def: "Material whose components are polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000215 name: SPCL-Si def: "Functionalized material. A blend of corn starch with polycaprolactone used to produce three-dimensional fibre meshes scaffolds, coupled with a calcium silicate solution for the in situ functionalization with Si-OH groups." [] comment: From: Rodrigues AI et al. Bioactive starch-based scaffolds and human adipose stem cells are a good combination for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2012, 8(10):3765-76. is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000216 name: Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid def: "Material whose components are collagen and polylactic-co-glycolic acid." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000217 name: Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid def: "Material whose components are polycaprolactone and polylactic-co-glycolic acid." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000218 name: Strontium-hardystonite-gahnite def: "Ceramic material where Ca, Sr, Zn and Si ions have been incorporated." [] comment: From: Roohani-Esfahani SI et al. Unique microstructural design of ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration under load. Acta Biomater. 2013, 9(6):7014-24. synonym: "Sr-HT-gahnite" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000219 name: Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle def: "Baghdadite scaffolds were coated in polycaprolactone and nanoparticles of bio-glass. The PCL coating increased the scaffolds toughness while nBG enhanced bioactivity." [] is_a: ID:0000175 ! Other biomaterials [Term] id: ID:0000220 name: Periodontal ligament cell def: "Fibroblast-like cells characterized by collagen production but also possessing some osteoblastic features." [] comment: From: Jonsson D et al. The human periodontal ligament cell: a fibroblast-like cell acting as an immune cell. J Periodontal Res. 2011, 46(2):153-7. is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000221 name: Functionalization def: "Functionalization is employed for surface modification of industrial materials in order to achieve desired surface properties. It consists in modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material. The modification can be done by different methods with a view to altering a wide range of characteristics of the surface, such as: roughness, hydrophilicity, surface charge, surface energy, biocompatibility and reactivity. Coating of materials is a type of functionalization." [] is_a: ID:0000002 ! Scaffold property relationship: characterizes ID:0000219 ! Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle [Term] id: ID:0000222 name: Bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine def: "Material whose components are bioglass, collagen and phosphatidylserine." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000223 name: Polyurethane namespace: msh def: "A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as elastomers, as coatings, as fibers and as foams." [MeSH:D011140] is_a: ID:0000119 ! Polymer [Term] id: ID:0000224 name: Collagen-glycosaminoglycan namespace: msh def: "Material whose components are collagen and glycosaminoglycan" [MeSH:C058506] synonym: "Collagen-GAG" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000225 name: Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan def: "Material whose components are calcium-phosphate based ceramic and chitosan." [] is_a: ID:0000154 ! Composite [Term] id: ID:0000226 name: Bone-derived cell def: "Cell derived from bone." [] synonym: "BDC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000227 name: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell namespace: pdq def: "Multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal origin isolated from umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells." [PDQ:CDR0000633689] synonym: "UCMSC" RELATED [] synonym: "umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000228 name: MC3T3-E1 cell line namespace: bto def: "Mouse embryo/fetus calvaria fibroblasts; established from the calvaria of an embryo/fetus C57BL/6 mouse; described to differentiate to osteoblasts and to produce collagen." [BTO:0001957] is_a: ID:0000073 ! Osteoblast [Term] id: ID:0000229 name: Pore interconnection def: "Level of connection between pores. It improves mass transport throughout the material." [] synonym: "Interpore connectivity" RELATED [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000017 ! Porosity [Term] id: ID:0000230 name: Chemical functionalization def: "Addition of functional groups/peptides/proteins/molecules/growth factors onto the surface of a material by chemical synthesis methods. Chemical functionalization is one of the main methods to obtain the desired physical and chemical properties of materials, such as hydrophilicity or bioactivation." [] is_a: ID:0000221 ! Functionalization [Term] id: ID:0000231 name: Physical functionalization def: "Alteration of the the surface topography of a material, producing microscale and nanoscale features in a well-controlled manner with nanocoating, film deposition, or in situ surface modifications at nanoscale level, with the aim to improve the material performances." [] is_a: ID:0000221 ! Functionalization [Term] id: ID:0000232 name: Extraction protocol namespace: efo def: "The procedure used to obtain something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means." [EFO:0000490] relationship: characterizes ID:0000008 ! Primary cell culture [Term] id: ID:0000233 name: Health status namespace: exo def: "The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency)." [ExO:0000038] relationship: characterizes ID:0000082 ! Donor relationship: characterizes ID:0000083 ! Host [Term] id: ID:0000234 name: Seeding efficiency def: "The percentage of cells plated (seeded, inoculated) which attach to the surface of the culture vessel within a specified period of time. The conditions under which such a determination is made should always be stated." [] comment: From: Worthington Tissue Dissociation Guide, http://www.worthington-biochem.com/tissuedissociation/glossary.html#attachment synonym: "Attachment efficiency" RELATED [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding [Term] id: ID:0000235 name: Cytotoxicity text def: "It determines whether a product or compound will have any toxic effect due to leachables on living cells. Generally used as a screening tool for raw materials or component products before they are put into the design of a medical device." [] is_a: ID:0000033 ! Cellular response evaluation [Term] id: ID:0000236 name: Flow Cytometry namespace: msh def: "Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake." [MeSH:D005434] synonym: "FACS" RELATED [] synonym: "Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting" RELATED [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000243 ! Cell characterization [Term] id: ID:0000237 name: NIH/3T3 cell line is_a: ID:0000155 ! Fibroblast [Term] id: ID:0000238 name: Trabecular bone cell def: "Cell derived from trabecular (or cancellous, or spongy) bone." [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000239 name: Cortical bone cell def: "Cell derived from cortical bone." [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000240 name: Bone marrow stromal cell def: "Primary human marrow stromal cells (MSCs) cultured from adult bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs)." [] synonym: "BMSC" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004122 is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000241 name: Dental pulp stem cell def: "Multipotent stem cells obtained from dental pulp." [] synonym: "DPSC" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000242 name: Bone marrow stromal stem cell def: "They are known to be able to transform into liver, nerve, muscle and kidney cells." [BTO:0002668] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000243 name: Cell characterization def: "Procedure addressed to ensure the quality of the cells. It assesses the cell source with regard to its identity/phenotype, to the presence of other cells types, adventitious agents, endogenous agents,and molecular contaminants." [] is_a: ID:0000023 ! In vitro study [Term] id: ID:0000244 name: MG63 cell line def: "Homo sapiens (human) bone, osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 14 year old caucasian male." [BTO:0001596] is_a: ID:0000248 ! Osteosarcoma cell [Term] id: ID:0000245 name: Magnesium-calcium phosphate def: "Biocement fabricated by using the mixed powders of magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O)." [] synonym: "MCPB" RELATED [] is_a: ID:0000115 ! Ceramic [Term] id: ID:0000246 name: Bioerosion def: "Process that induces a non-hydrosoluble polymer to become hydrosoluble in physiological conditions." [] is_a: ID:0000251 ! Biomaterial behaviour [Term] id: ID:0000247 name: Cell culture environment def: "Experimental environment where cells are cultured onto \nthe material. It describes all the biological parameters related to cell culture." [] relationship: intervenes_in ID:0000000 ! Cell seeding [Term] id: ID:0000248 name: Osteosarcoma cell def: "Cell of a malignant neoplasm of the bone-forming tissues." [] is_a: ID:0000003 ! Cell [Term] id: ID:0000249 name: Cytotoxicity by elution test def: "Material is put in the culture medium for a predefined period of time. Later cells are cultured in that medium and observed under microscope to identify possible toxic effects." [] is_a: ID:0000235 ! Cytotoxicity text [Term] id: ID:0000250 name: Direct cytotoxicity test def: "Cells are seeded onto the material and observed under microscope to identify possible toxic effects." [] is_a: ID:0000235 ! Cytotoxicity text [Term] id: ID:0000251 name: Biomaterial behaviour def: "The set of behaviors that characterize a material on its chemical-physical nature." [] relationship: characterizes ID:0000023 ! In vitro study relationship: characterizes ID:0000027 ! In vivo study [Term] id: ID:0000252 name: Degradation namespace: nci_thesaurus def: "The reduction of a chemical compound to one less complex, as by splitting off one or more groups." [Thesaurus:C61559] is_a: ID:0000251 ! Biomaterial behaviour [Term] id: ID:0000253 name: Bioreabsorption def: "Process of removal of a polymer or its degradation products through the cellular activity (phagocytosis)." [] is_a: ID:0000251 ! Biomaterial behaviour [Typedef] id: characterizes name: characterizes [Typedef] id: derives_from name: derives_from [Typedef] id: intervenes_in name: intervenes_in [Typedef] id: part_of name: part_of