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Transcription factors, PRDM1 and MYC regulate proliferation and sebaceous gland formation. SHH signaling may be a positive regulator of proliferation of sebocyte progenitor cells.    Outcome effects: Sebocyte cell differentiation requires the suppression of canonical WNT/CTNNB1 signaling-related proliferation of progenitor cells. In mouse model, SMAD7 reduces canonical WNT activity and sebocyte differentiation by directly binding to CTNNB1 and recruiting SMURF2, which leads to the degradation of cytoplasmic CTNNB1. DKK1 is an inhibitor of WNT signaling. DKK1 levels are high in the bald scalp compared to the haired scalp of patients with male pattern baldness. In addition, IGF1 signaling has tremendous implications for the differentiation of pilosebaceous cells. TGFB1 signaling maintains sebocytes in an undifferentiated state by decreasing the expression of FADS2 and PPARG as well as lipid accumulation through the TGFBR2/SMAD2 dependent pathway. 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