format-version: 1.2 date: 16:07:2009 11:17 saved-by: Pantelis auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.0 default-namespace: ido_namespace remark: alpha-version: please send comments to topalis[at]imbb.forth.gr format-version: 1.2 format-version: 1.2 [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000000 name: process def: "A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatio-temporal whole, and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities." [BFO:SPAN "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/manual p64"] [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000001 name: role def: "A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant entity in virtue of the kind of thing that it is, but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant entity in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts." [BFO:SNAP "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/manual p56"] [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000002 name: quality def: "A dependent continuant that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property)." [BFO:SNAP "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/manual p53"] [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000003 name: object def: "A independent continuant entity that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps), and possesses an internal unity; the identity of substantial objects is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time and through loss and gain of parts and qualities." [BFO:SNAP "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/manual p48"] [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000004 name: virulence def: "The degree of pathogenicity of a pathogen, or in other words the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease." [Wikipedia:virulence] comment: The degree of pathogenicitynnpathogenicity and virulence are used in some communities as synonyms. is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000008 name: contagiousness def: "The ability to spread from one person or species to another." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000635 ! quality of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000009 name: latency def: "The ability of a pathogen to lie dormant." [PT:PT] comment: Infection has occurred, but it might not have manifested itselfnquality of being in a non replicative statentime to manifest itself na pathogen when it is in a non replicative state. is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000010 name: immunosuppressed state relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000012 ! immunity [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000011 name: exogenous def: "The pathogen is not normally present in the host body, but have gained entrance from the environment." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000012 name: immunity is_a: IDOMAL:0000346 ! quality of host [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000017 name: mortality of malaria def: "Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths due to malaria in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000351 ! quality of host population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000019 name: prevalence of malaria def: "The number of malaria cases existing in a given population at any given time." [KL:KL] comment: Total number of cases of a particular disease at a given time in a particular population divided by the number of individuals in that particular population. The burden of a disease in a population. synonym: "point prevalence of malaria" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000351 ! quality of host population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000023 name: zoonotic def: "A disease that can be transmitted from animals to people." [MedicineNET.com:zoonotic] is_a: IDOMAL:0000635 ! quality of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000024 name: immunocompromised state relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000012 ! immunity [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000025 name: pathogenicity def: "Pathogenicity is the ability of an organism, a pathogen, to produce an infectious disease in another organism." [Wikipedia:pathogenicity] comment: The ability of the biotic entity to cause disease in a host of a given type.\nDo we need to say damage instead of disease?\nPathogenicity and virulence are used as synonyms in some communities. is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000027 name: drug resistance def: "The ability of a pathogen to display a reduction in effectiveness of a drug, that intends to kill it." [Wikipedia:Drugresistance] is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000028 name: antibiotic resistance def: "The ability of a pathogen to display a reduction in effectiveness of an antibiotic drug, that intends to kill it." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000027 ! drug resistance [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000029 name: epidemiological type of malaria is_a: IDOMAL:0000635 ! quality of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000030 name: invasiveness def: "The ability to enter into a living body." [PT:PT] xref: ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology" is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000031 name: endogenous def: "The pathogen is normally present in the host body." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000033 name: morbidity of malaria def: "The term morbidity refers to either the incidence rate, or the prevalence of malaria. This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000351 ! quality of host population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000040 name: virulence factor def: "A virulence factor is a molecule produced by a pathogen that specifically causes disease, or that influences the host's function to allow the pathogen to thrive." [KL:KL] comment: Role played by a portion of substance to promote virulencennmagnitudendegree of pathogenesis. is_a: IDOMAL:0000341 ! factor [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000042 name: invasin def: "An enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid, found in lysosomes." [KL:KL] synonym: "hyaluronidase 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000040 ! virulence factor [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000043 name: toxin def: "A toxin is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms." [Wikipedia:toxin] is_a: IDOMAL:0000040 ! virulence factor [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000044 name: endotoxin def: "A toxin that is associated with certain bacteria. Classically, an \"endotoxin\" is a toxin that, unlike an \"exotoxin\", is not secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, but is a structural component in the bacteria which is released mainly when bacteria are lysed." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000043 ! toxin [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000045 name: exotoxin def: "An exotoxin is a toxin excreted by a microrganism, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa." [Wikipedia:exotoxin] is_a: IDOMAL:0000043 ! toxin [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000047 name: treatment of malaria def: "The therapeutic process for malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000049 name: diagnostic procedure of malaria def: "MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: A procedure used for the diagnosis of malaria, including the precise pathogen causing the disease.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: A procedure used for the diagnosis of a given infectious disease, including the precise pathogen causing the disease." [KL:KL] synonym: "diagnostic procedure of infectious disease" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-13T08:10:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000050 name: chemotherapy of malaria def: "The use of antimalarial drugs to kill Plasmodium parasites and, therefore, cure malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000047 ! treatment of malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000325 ! attack phase of malaria eradication [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000051 name: ancillary treatment of malaria def: "Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a malaria patient." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000047 ! treatment of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000052 name: arylaminoalcohol def: "A class of alcaloids originally extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Usually used for the treatment of acute infection (schizontocidal effect), with mefloquine also used for prophylaxis." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000053 name: colonization factor def: "A factor mediating colonization." [KL:KL] comment: Role played by portion of physical substance which promotes colonization. synonym: "" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000341 ! factor [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000054 name: adhesion factor def: "A factor mediating cell-cell or cell-tissue adhesion." [KL:KL] comment: Role played by portion of physical substance utilized by an organism in order to establish adherence to a surface in a host. synonym: "adhesin" RELATED [] synonym: "adhesin factor" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000341 ! factor [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000055 name: host def: "The organism from which a parasite obtains its nutrition and/or shelter." [PT:MedicineNET.com "http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19103"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000056 name: carrier def: "A person or other organism that has contracted an infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms. Although unaffected by the disease themselves, carriers can transmit it to others." [Wikipedia:Asymptomaticcarrier "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier"] synonym: "Asymptomatic carrier" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000055 ! host [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000057 name: chronic carrier def: "A carrier who harbors and transmits an infectious agent for an indefinite period." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000056 ! carrier [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000058 name: reservoir def: "One or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments in which a pathogen can be permanently maintained and from which infection is transmitted to the defined target population. Populations in a reservoir may be the same or a different species as the target and may include vector species." [PMID:12498665 "Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Dec;8(12):1468-73."] comment: Holding place for a potential pathogen. Animate or inanimate. is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000063 name: pathogen def: "An agent of disease." [PT:MedicineNET.com "http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6383"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000066 name: secondary pathogen def: "An infectious microorganism, often a bacterium, that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause additional complications, especially during the course of severe malaria (e.g. pneumonia, etc.)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000063 ! pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000070 name: initiation of infection def: "The beginning of malaria through the introduction of Plasmodium into the body of an individual." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000091 ! progression of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000071 name: disruption of body surface def: "The disruprion of the body surface in malaria transmission, either through a mosquito bite or in a case of iatrogenic transmission." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000070 ! initiation of infection [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000073 name: Plasmodium adherence to host cell comment: Create cross products for "host" and "pathogen" that will be part of this process. is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000074 name: nonspecific adherence is_a: IDOMAL:0000073 ! Plasmodium adherence to host cell [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000075 name: specific adherence is_a: IDOMAL:0000073 ! Plasmodium adherence to host cell [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000076 name: bacterium def: "A unicellular prokaryotic microorganism." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:46:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000077 name: fungus def: "A fungus is an eukaryotic organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:46:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000082 name: malaria transmission def: "The process by which an infectious agent passes from one organism to another organism." [Wikipedia:Transmission] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001053 ! occurrence of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000084 name: Plasmodium penetration of host cell is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000085 name: engulfment def: "The enclosure of a foreign body or cell by a cellular component of the immune system." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001004 ! penetration of vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000086 name: fusion with host cell membrane is_a: IDOMAL:0001004 ! penetration of vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000087 name: membrane invagination is_a: IDOMAL:0001004 ! penetration of vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000088 name: passage through cell membrane is_a: IDOMAL:0001004 ! penetration of vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000089 name: engulfment by nonphagocyte def: "The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a cell other than a phagocyte." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000085 ! engulfment [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000090 name: engulfment by phagocyte def: "The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a a phagocyte." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000085 ! engulfment [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000091 name: progression of malaria def: "All clinical features of malaria from infection to cure or death." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001053 ! occurrence of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T12:17:40Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000092 name: temporal region created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T01:14:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000093 name: condition of malaria host def: "A condition mostly relating to the human host." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001241 ! condition created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:15:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000094 name: evasion of vector immune response def: "The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the vector." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000099 ! Plasmodium evasion of immune response created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T12:40:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000095 name: evasion of host immune response def: "The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the host." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000099 ! Plasmodium evasion of immune response created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T12:41:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000096 name: Plasmodium spread through host is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000099 name: Plasmodium evasion of immune response is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000100 name: emergence of malaria def: "The appearance of more than one case of malaria in an area from which, at that time, the disease is absent." [KL:KL] comment: The process by which an infectious disease establishes itself in a new population (or at a sufficiently higher rate? Higher prevalence and/or higher incidence). is_a: IDOMAL:0000101 ! spread of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000101 name: spread of malaria is_a: IDOMAL:0001037 ! process of malaria epidemiology [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000102 name: outbreak is_a: IDOMAL:0000101 ! spread of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000103 name: condition of malaria parasite def: "A condition relating to any species of Plasmodium parasites causing malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001241 ! condition created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:15:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000105 name: immunization of population is_a: IDOMAL:0000954 ! process of malaria host population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000109 name: Plasmodium life cycle is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T01:55:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000110 name: antigenic variation def: "Antigenic variation is the process by which an infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response." [Wikipedia:newdbxrefantigenicvariation] is_a: IDOMAL:0000095 ! evasion of host immune response [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000111 name: resist phagocytosis in subepithelial space is_a: IDOMAL:0000095 ! evasion of host immune response [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000112 name: serum resistance is_a: IDOMAL:0000095 ! evasion of host immune response [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000113 name: phase variation is_a: IDOMAL:0000110 ! antigenic variation [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000114 name: genetic variability def: "Genetic variability is a measure of the tendency of individual genotypes in a population to vary from one another." [Wikipedia:genetic variability] synonym: "genetic diversification" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000110 ! antigenic variation [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000115 name: complement resistance is_a: IDOMAL:0000112 ! serum resistance [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000116 name: epidemic malaria def: "Spread of malaria across a population beyond what is characterized as endemic." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000101 ! spread of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000118 name: vaccination of population def: "The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to members of a population to produce immunity to a disease in that population." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000105 ! immunization of population relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000119 ! malaria prevention in individuals [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000119 name: malaria prevention in individuals alt_id: IDOMAL:0001226 def: "Malaria prevention includes all methods used by a person to avoid from contracting malaria. This is of importance both for inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area and visitors to that area." [KL:KL] comment: MERGED DEFINITION:TARGET DEFINITION: Malaria prevention includes all methods used by a person to avoid from contracting malaria. This is of importance both for inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area and visitors to that area.\nSOURCE DEFINITION: Administration of antimalarial drugs with the purpose of preventing infection. synonym: "chemoprophylaxis of malaria" RELATED [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000158 ! malaria control created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T10:00:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000120 name: protozoon def: "A one-celled eukaryote. That implies that protozoa are unicellular microbes whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals -- mobility and heterotrophy." [Wikipedia:protozoa] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic is_a: IDOMAL:0001066 ! malaria pathogen created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T08:11:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000122 name: chemoprophylaxis def: "The use of antimalarial drugs for the prevention of infection." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000119 ! malaria prevention in individuals created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T10:04:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000125 name: apicomplexa def: "The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists, characterized by the presence of a unique organelle called an apical complex. They are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively parasites of animals. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are absent except in certain gamete stages." [Wikipedia:apicomplexa] is_a: IDOMAL:0000120 ! protozoon created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:16:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000126 name: genus Plasmodium def: "Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa (Phylum: Apicomplexa; Class: Aconoidasida; Order: Haemosporida; Family: Plasmodiidae). Infection with this genus is called malaria." [KL:KL] synonym: "Malaria parasite" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000125 ! apicomplexa created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000127 name: subgenus Plasmodium def: "A subgenus containing all species infecting monkeys and higher primates with the exception of P. falciparum and P. reichenowi." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000126 ! genus Plasmodium created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:28:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000128 name: subgenus Laverania def: "A subgenus containing P. falciparum and P. reichenowi, species infecting monkeys and higher primates." [ido:1] is_a: IDOMAL:0000126 ! genus Plasmodium created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:32:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000129 name: Plasmodium falciparum def: "A human parasite causing the malignant form of tertian (pernicious or malignant ) malaria, found in all continents." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000128 ! subgenus Laverania relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001065 ! human malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:34:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000130 name: Plasmodium reichenowi def: "An African Chimpanzee parasite." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000128 ! subgenus Laverania relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:36:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000131 name: Plasmodium ovale def: "A human parasite causing the less frequent form of benign (ovale) tertian malaria. P. ovale may also infect chimpanzees." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001065 ! human malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:40:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000132 name: Plasmodium vivax def: "A human parasite causing the most frequent form of benign (simple) tertian malaria. P. viax may also infect chimpanzees and orangutans." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001065 ! human malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:42:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000133 name: Plasmodium malariae def: "A human parasite causing quartan malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001065 ! human malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2007-12-14T11:43:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000134 name: non-immune indigenous population def: "The non-immune population, excluding immigrants." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000685 ! human population of non-immune individuals created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T10:45:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000147 name: sporogony def: "The part of the life cycle in the mosquito host, that gives rise to infectious sporozoites." [KL:KL] synonym: "exogenous sexual phase" EXACT [] synonym: "extrinsic incubation period" NARROW [] synonym: "mosquito stages" BROAD [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000109 ! Plasmodium life cycle created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T01:56:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000157 name: schizogony def: "The part of the life cycle spent in the vertebrate host." [KL:KL] synonym: "endogenous asexual phase" NARROW [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000109 ! Plasmodium life cycle created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T01:58:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000158 name: malaria control def: "The sum of measures taken to prevent the spread of malaria; in its wider sense the term also encompasses the goal of dicreasing malaria morbidity leading, ultimately, to its eradication." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:02:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000161 name: hill malaria def: "Manifestation of malaria epidemic at altitudes in which the disease is usually absent from, or almost always unstable." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000574 ! unstable malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000162 name: subtropical seasonal malaria def: "Sharply defined summer epidemics of malaria in areas in which transmission is interrupted from late fall to early spring due to temperatures below the minimum needed." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000163 name: war and conflict malaria def: "Appearance of malaria in areas from which it is absent or in is seldom found, due to reasons such as movements of people, damage to water distribution, depletion of health services, loss of zzoprophylaxis through cattle, etc." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000164 name: urban malaria def: "Malaria in urban and suburban areas due to the malfunctioning of water distribution system; often linked to increased urbanization going along with problematic sanitation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000165 name: malaria of development workers def: "Appearance of local malaria epidemics die to the assembly of labour force (e.g. \"developments\" leading toi odified environment)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000167 name: endemic malaria of high epidemic potential def: "Endemic type of malaria in areas in which, often, non-malarious localities are found; mostly fouund in the plains of South America, India, Sri Lanks and in South-east Asia, etc. Mostly zoophilic vectors usually transmit the disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000572 ! endemic malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:22:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000168 name: endemic malaria of low epidemic potential def: "Highly endemic type of malaria with a very low incidence of epidemics, except for special circumstances (e.g. major incrase of mosquito breeding places). Mostly fouund in equatorial Africa, hills and foothills of India, etc. Highly anthropophilic vectors usually transmit the disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000572 ! endemic malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:22:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000169 name: malaria vector control def: "The measures taken to reduce exposure of a population to vectors in order to reduce the spread of a vector-borne disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001060 ! process of malaria vector population created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-21T02:53:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000170 name: completion of gametogenesis def: "The process of the maturation of gametocytes taking place inside the food bolus in the mosquito midgut." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000147 ! sporogony created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000171 name: fertilization def: "Fertilization of the female gamete by the male microgamete, occuring rapidly after gametogenesis and producing a zygote." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000170 ! completion of gametogenesis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000172 name: ookinete formation def: "Development of zygote into a banana-shaped and motile form." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000171 ! fertilization created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000173 name: traversion of peritrophic membrane def: "The active migration of the ookinete out of the food bolus, through the periptrophic membrane and into the space surrounding the food bolus." [KL:KL] synonym: "traversion of peritrophic matrix" EXACT [] synonym: "traversion of PM" EXACT [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000174 name: invasion of epithelium def: "Active invasion of the epitelial cell of the midgut and exit from the cell. The exit can occur towards a neighboring cell or towards the basal lamina surrounding the midgut." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000173 ! traversion of peritrophic membrane created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000175 name: attachment to basal lamina def: "Attachment to basal lamina of the ookinete after exiting an epithelial cell." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000174 ! invasion of epithelium created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000176 name: oocyst formation def: "Transformation of the ookinete into the rounded oocyst." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000175 ! attachment to basal lamina created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000177 name: oocyst maturation def: "Growth of the oocyst over the period of a 1-3 weeks to a size of tens to hundreds of microns. During this time, multiple nuclear divisions occur. After oocyst maturation is complete, the oocyst divides to form multiple haploid sporozoites." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000176 ! oocyst formation created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000178 name: rupture of oocyst def: "Rupture of mature oocyst and release into the haemocoel of thousands of immature sporozoites." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000177 ! oocyst maturation created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000179 name: migration to salivary gland def: "Migration of sporozoites from the site of oocyst rupture to the salivary gland. The sporozoites are surrounded by haemolymph." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000186 ! development of sporozoite created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000180 name: invasion of salivary gland def: "Not clearly described events leading to the traversion of the basal lamina and the epitheliam cells of the salivary gland by the sporozoite, which comes to rest in the female-specific parts of the lumen." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000179 ! migration to salivary gland created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000181 name: maturation of sporozoite in salivary gland def: "Not further defined processes after reaaching the lumen of the salivary gland leading to the infective state of the sporozoite." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000180 ! invasion of salivary gland created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000182 name: female gametogenesis def: "Female gamete maturation process entailing slight morphological changes, as it becomes enlarged and spherical." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000170 ! completion of gametogenesis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:47:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000183 name: male gametogenesis def: "Includes the male gamete's DNA three divisions to form eight nuclei. Concurrently, eight flagella are formed that are then shed (exflagellation)." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000170 ! completion of gametogenesis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:53:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000184 name: exflagellation def: "Pairing of each flagellum with a nucleus to form a microgamete, which separates from the parasite cell." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000183 ! male gametogenesis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T10:55:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000185 name: invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium def: "The process during which the ookinete moves out of the food bolus, eventually coming to rest at the basal lamina rurrounding the midgut epithelium." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000172 ! ookinete formation created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T11:01:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000186 name: development of sporozoite def: "All processes from the time of rupture of the oocyst till the moment when the sporozoite has become infective and is located within the salivary gland." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000178 ! rupture of oocyst created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T11:19:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000187 name: mosquito-borne transmission def: "Classical or normal transmission of malaria through the bite of an anopheline mosquito containing infective sporozoites in its saliva. The sporozoites have developed through the uptake of parasites with a previous bite that occurred at a time that spans the entire sporogonic development (extrinsic incubation period)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000367 ! horizontal transmission created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T11:43:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000188 name: iatrogenic transmission def: "Transmission of malaria to patients due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion." [KL:KL] synonym: "accidental transmission" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000367 ! horizontal transmission created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T11:46:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000189 name: deliberate transmission def: "Historical iatrogenic transmission aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000188 ! iatrogenic transmission created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T11:51:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000191 name: falciparum malaria def: "A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium falciparum." [KL:KL] synonym: "Malignant malaria" EXACT [] synonym: "Malignant tertian malaria" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000269 ! pathogen specific form of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000192 name: vivax malaria def: "A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium vivax." [KL:KL] synonym: "Benign tertian malaria" BROAD [] synonym: "Simple tertian malaria" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000269 ! pathogen specific form of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000193 name: ovale malaria def: "A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium ovale." [KL:KL] synonym: "Benign tertian malaria" BROAD [] synonym: "Simple tertian malari" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000269 ! pathogen specific form of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000194 name: quartan malaria def: "A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium malariae." [KL:KL] synonym: "Malariae malaria" RELATED [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000269 ! pathogen specific form of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000195 name: monkey malaria def: "Very rare zoonotic or accidental infections of humans with any of, at least, six species of simian malaria parasites." [ISBN034057190X:page45] is_a: IDOMAL:0000269 ! pathogen specific form of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-22T12:20:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000196 name: non-immune immigrant def: "The term includes immigrant members of populations in malaria-endemic areas who have not yet acquired protective immunity against malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001257 ! non-immune human relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000685 ! human population of non-immune individuals created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T10:45:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000197 name: non-immune immigrant worker def: "Immigrant worker living for a short or longer period in a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000196 ! non-immune immigrant created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000198 name: non-immune military personnel def: "Military personnel of a foreign army (regular army or guerilla) arriving to a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis." [kl:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000196 ! non-immune immigrant created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000199 name: non-immune game warden def: "Non-immune game warden transferred for a short or longer period to a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis." [KL:newKL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000196 ! non-immune immigrant created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000200 name: non-immune refugee def: "Member of a refugee population (including economic, war and political unrest) arriving, voluntarily or not, to a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000196 ! non-immune immigrant created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000201 name: non-immune traveller def: "Traveller visiting or residing a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis." [KL:KL] synonym: "non-immune tourist" EXACT [] synonym: "tourist" BROAD [] xref: XX:newdbxref is_a: IDOMAL:0000196 ! non-immune immigrant created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000202 name: antimalarial drug def: "An antiparasitic drug that is active for the treatment (or the prophylaxis) of malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000203 ! drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T02:51:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000203 name: drug def: "In pharmacology, a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being." [Dictionary.com:drug] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:10:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000204 name: 4-aminoquinoline def: "A group of blood schizontocides thought to act by being concentrated in the parasite's lysozyme, inhibiting the polymerization of haemin into haemozoin." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000205 name: sulfone def: "A group of drugs containing a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms; they are characterized as type 1 antifolate drugs." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000256 ! type 1 antifolate drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000206 name: sulfonamide def: "A synthetic antimicrobial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000256 ! type 1 antifolate drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000207 name: biguanide def: "A group of antimalarials, known as type 2 antifolate drugs due to the specific inhibition of DHF reductase." [KL:KL] synonym: "type 2 antifolate drug" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000208 name: 8-aminoquinoline def: "Drugs thought to be particularly active against hypnozoites and gametocytes, believed to be converted to quinone active matabolites in the liver. Used as an anti-relapse drug for vivax and ovale malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000209 name: tetracycline antibiotic def: "Any of a group of related broad-spectrum antibiotics, isolated from species of Streptomyces or produced semisynthetically." [Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers:0] comment: A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics, derivatives of poly cyclic naphthacene carboxamide. They have a marked action on blood stages acting as inhibitors of ribosomal protein synthesis. is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000643 ! antibiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000210 name: peroxide antimalarial drug def: "A group of natural drugs derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua and their synthetic or semi-synthetic analogues." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000211 name: naphthoquinone def: "Slow acting drug acting on the electron transport chain of the malarial mitochondrion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000212 name: clinical examination def: "Any non-laboratory-assisted process that leads to the presumptive diagnosis of disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000049 ! diagnostic procedure of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-13T08:14:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000213 name: microscopic blood examination def: "A routine procedure leading to the identification of parasites in the blood of patients. The method consists of spreading a film of fresh blood on a slide, and examining it with a microscope after staining." [KL:KL] synonym: "blood film examination" NARROW [] synonym: "thick film examination" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000049 ! diagnostic procedure of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-13T08:19:03Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000214 name: preparation of blood films def: "The preparation of a slide covered with fresh blood and then stained with Giemsa or Field's stain in order to be viewed under the microscope." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000213 ! microscopic blood examination created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-13T08:23:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000215 name: examination of blood films def: "The examination of the blood film under the microscope leading to a semi-quantitative assessment of parasites present (parasite count). Based on characteristics of observed parasites a diagnosis of parasite species can be achieved." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000213 ! microscopic blood examination created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-13T08:31:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000216 name: immunological method def: "A diagnostic method based on the use of antibodies, either purified or as an immune serum, that aims at detecting, directly or indirectly, Plasmodium-specific antigens." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000049 ! diagnostic procedure of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:43:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000217 name: serological method def: "A method showing the presence of malarial antibodies (from past or present infections) in patient blood." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000216 ! immunological method created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:46:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000218 name: malarial antigen detection def: "A method devised to detect a malarial antigen and, thus, infection." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000216 ! immunological method created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:46:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000219 name: pLDH detection method def: "Anyk method using an antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the pLDH antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000218 ! malarial antigen detection created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:47:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000220 name: HRP-2 detection method def: "A dipstick method using a monoclonal antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the PfHRP-2 antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000218 ! malarial antigen detection created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:48:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000221 name: indirect fluorescent antibody test def: "A routine method that detects species-specific malarial parasite antigens in the blood using fluorescent microscopy. Commercial IFAT slides are available from several manufacturers." [KL:KL] synonym: "IFAT" RELATED [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000217 ! serological method created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T07:55:14Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000222 name: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay def: "A method using a soluble malarial antigen to detect infection, performed in microtitre plates and, thus, enabling a large number of samples to be processed." [KL:KL] synonym: "ELISA" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000217 ! serological method created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T08:00:40Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000223 name: molecular method def: "A method based on molecular biological techniques aimed at detecting DNA or RNA sequences specific for malaria parasites in the blood of a patient." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000049 ! diagnostic procedure of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-14T08:06:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000224 name: chloroquine def: "A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Aralen" EXACT [] synonym: "Avloclor" EXACT [] synonym: "Bemaphate" EXACT [] synonym: "Chinamine" EXACT [] synonym: "Chlorquim" EXACT [] synonym: "Cidanchin" EXACT [] synonym: "Delagil" EXACT [] synonym: "Gontochin" EXACT [] synonym: "Imagon" EXACT [] synonym: "Iroquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Klorokin" EXACT [] synonym: "Luprochin" EXACT [] synonym: "Malarex" EXACT [] synonym: "Matalets" EXACT [] synonym: "Nivaquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Nivaquin B" EXACT [] synonym: "Resochin" EXACT [] synonym: "Resochine" EXACT [] synonym: "Resoquine" EXACT [] synonym: "Sanoquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tanakan" EXACT [] synonym: "Tresochin" EXACT [] synonym: "Trochin" EXACT [] xref: CheBI:newdbxref3638 is_a: IDOMAL:0000204 ! 4-aminoquinoline relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T07:46:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000225 name: amodiaquine def: "A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Basoquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Cam-aqi" EXACT [] synonym: "Camoquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Camoquinal" EXACT [] synonym: "Flavoquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Fluroquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Miaquine" EXACT [] xref: CheBI:2674 is_a: IDOMAL:0000204 ! 4-aminoquinoline created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T07:46:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000226 name: primaquine def: "An 8-Aminoquinoline antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] comment: One of the few drugs killing hypnozoites and,therefore, particularly good for the radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria. All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Neo-Quipenyl" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000208 ! 8-aminoquinoline relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:05:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000227 name: tafenoquine def: "An 8-Aminoquinoline antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] comment: One of the few drugs killing hypnozoites and,therefore, particularly good for the radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria. About ten times more active than primaquine. synonym: "Etaquine" EXACT [] synonym: "WR-238605" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000208 ! 8-aminoquinoline relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:05:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000228 name: tetracycline def: "A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic." [American Heritage Medical Dictionary:0, KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. synonym: "Achromycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Cyclomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Polycycline" EXACT [] synonym: "Tetracyn" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000209 ! tetracycline antibiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000229 name: doxycycline def: "A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. synonym: "Biociclina" EXACT [] synonym: "Doxacin" EXACT [] synonym: "Nordox" EXACT [] synonym: "Vibramycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Vibramycin-D" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000209 ! tetracycline antibiotic relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000230 name: clindamycin def: "A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. synonym: "Cleocin" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000209 ! tetracycline antibiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000231 name: lincomycin def: "A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. synonym: "Lincocin" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000209 ! tetracycline antibiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:25:04Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000232 name: minocycline def: "A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. synonym: "Minocin" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000209 ! tetracycline antibiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:25:04Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000233 name: quinine def: "An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Oldest available antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Adaquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Adquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Bichnine" EXACT [] synonym: "Biquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Biquinate" EXACT [] synonym: "Chinine" EXACT [] synonym: "Coquelusedal" EXACT [] synonym: "Dentogel" EXACT [] synonym: "Grisotets" EXACT [] synonym: "Kinin" EXACT [] synonym: "Kinine" EXACT [] synonym: "Myoquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Quifile" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinamm" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinate" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinbisul" EXACT [] synonym: "Quindan" EXACT [] synonym: "Quine" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinimax" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinoctal" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinoforme" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinsan" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000616 ! quinoline methanol created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000234 name: mefloquine def: "An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic." [KL:KL] synonym: "Lariam" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000616 ! quinoline methanol relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000235 name: halofantrine def: "A synthetic arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug." [KL:KL] synonym: "Halfan" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000617 ! phenanthrene methanol created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000236 name: quinidine def: "An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000616 ! quinoline methanol created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000237 name: proguanil def: "A drug of the class of biguanides." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "" RELATED [] synonym: "Balusil" NARROW [] synonym: "Bigumal" NARROW [] synonym: "Chlorguanide" NARROW [] synonym: "Chloriguane" NARROW [] synonym: "Diguanyl" NARROW [] synonym: "Drinupal" NARROW [] synonym: "Guanatol" NARROW [] synonym: "Lepadina" NARROW [] synonym: "Paludrine" NARROW [] synonym: "Paludrinol" NARROW [] synonym: "Palusil" NARROW [] synonym: "Plasin" NARROW [] synonym: "Proguanide" NARROW [] synonym: "Tirian" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000207 ! biguanide relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000238 name: chlorproguanil def: "A drug of the class of biguanides." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000207 ! biguanide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000239 name: cycloguanil def: "A drug of the class of biguanides." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Lapudrine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000207 ! biguanide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000240 name: chlorcycloguanil def: "A drug of the class of biguanides." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000207 ! biguanide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000241 name: pyrimethamine def: "A drug of the class of biguanides." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Chloridin" NARROW [] synonym: "Darapram" NARROW [] synonym: "daraprim" NARROW [] synonym: "Erbaprelina" NARROW [] synonym: "Malocide" NARROW [] synonym: "Pirimecidan" NARROW [] synonym: "Tindurin" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000207 ! biguanide relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:43:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000242 name: atovaquone def: "A drug of the group of naphthoquinones." [KL:KL] synonym: "BW566C80" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000211 ! naphthoquinone relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000122 ! chemoprophylaxis created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:47:32Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000243 name: artemisinine def: "The first natural drug extracted from Artemisia annua." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Artenam" NARROW [] synonym: "Paluther" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000210 ! peroxide antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000244 name: artemether def: "A peroxide antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Injectio Artemetheri" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000210 ! peroxide antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000245 name: arteether def: "A peroxide antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000210 ! peroxide antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000246 name: artesunate def: "A peroxide antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000210 ! peroxide antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000247 name: artelinic acid def: "A peroxide antimalarial drug." [kl:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000210 ! peroxide antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000248 name: lumefantrine def: "An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic. Often administered in combination with artemether (Co-artemether)." [KL:KL] synonym: "benflumetol" EXACT [] synonym: "Co-artemether" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000052 ! arylaminoalcohol created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-15T03:16:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000249 name: diaminodiphenyl sulfone def: "A drug belonging to the class of sulfones." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Avlosulfon" NARROW [] synonym: "Avlosulfone" NARROW [] synonym: "Croysulfone" NARROW [] synonym: "Damitone" NARROW [] synonym: "Daphone" NARROW [] synonym: "DAPS" NARROW [] synonym: "Dapsone" EXACT [] synonym: "Dermosone" NARROW [] synonym: "Diaphelylsulfone" NARROW [] synonym: "Diatox" NARROW [] synonym: "Diphenason" NARROW [] synonym: "Diphone" NARROW [] synonym: "Disulone" NARROW [] synonym: "Dubronax" NARROW [] synonym: "Eporal" NARROW [] synonym: "Novophone" NARROW [] synonym: "Servidapson" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfadione" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfona Oral" NARROW [] synonym: "Udolac" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000205 ! sulfone created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:35:11Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000250 name: acedapsone def: "A drug belonging to the class of sulfones." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Camilan" NARROW [] synonym: "Hansolar" NARROW [] synonym: "Rodilone" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfadiamine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000205 ! sulfone created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:42:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000251 name: sulfalene def: "A sulfonamide drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Kelfizina" NARROW [] synonym: "Kelfizine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfamethoxypyrazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfametopyrazine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:46:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000252 name: sulfadimethoxine def: "A sulfonamide drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Levisul" NARROW [] synonym: "Madribon" NARROW [] synonym: "Madriquid" RELATED [] synonym: "Sulfadimethoxypyrimidine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000253 name: sulfadiazine def: "A sulfonamide drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Adiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Codiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Cremodiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Debenal" NARROW [] synonym: "Diazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Diazyl" NARROW [] synonym: "Eskadiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Eustral" NARROW [] synonym: "Keladiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Pirimal" NARROW [] synonym: "Pyrimal" NARROW [] synonym: "Sterazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfazine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000254 name: sulfamethoxypyridazine def: "A sulfonamide drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "" RELATED [] synonym: "Davosin" NARROW [] synonym: "Deposulfal" NARROW [] synonym: "Depovernil" NARROW [] synonym: "Kynex" NARROW [] synonym: "Lederkyn" NARROW [] synonym: "Midicel" NARROW [] synonym: "Midikel" NARROW [] synonym: "Myasul" NARROW [] synonym: "Spofadiazine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfadurazin" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulfalex" RELATED [] synonym: "Sultirene" NARROW [] synonym: "Unosulf" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000255 name: sulfadoxine def: "A sulfonamide drug." [KL:KL] comment: All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. synonym: "Fanasil" NARROW [] synonym: "Fanasulf" NARROW [] synonym: "Fanzil" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulformethoxine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulforthodimethoxine" NARROW [] synonym: "Sulforthomidine" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000256 name: type 1 antifolate drug def: "A substance belonging to a class of drugs acting through the inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T08:03:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000258 name: malaria treatment drug def: "A drug commonly used for the treatment of malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000202 ! antimalarial drug relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000050 ! chemotherapy of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T08:09:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000259 name: insecticide-treated net def: "An insecticide-treated net is a mosquito net that repels, disables and/or kills mosquitoes coming into contact with insecticide on the netting material. There are two categories of ITNs: conventionally treated nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets." [KL:KL] synonym: "ITN" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001026 ! bednet created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T08:37:08Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000260 name: long-lasting insecticidal net def: "A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions." [KL:KL] comment: The list of synonyms contains a number of commercially available LLINs and their manufacturer and/or distributor. synonym: "DuraNet (Clarke Mosquito Control)" NARROW [] synonym: "ICONLife (Syngenta)" NARROW [] synonym: "Interceptor Net (BASF)" NARROW [] synonym: "LLIN" EXACT [] synonym: "NetProtect (Intelligent Insect Control)" NARROW [] synonym: "Olyset Net (Sumitomo Chemical)" NARROW [] synonym: "PermaNet (Vestergaard-Frandsen)" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000259 ! insecticide-treated net created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T08:43:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000261 name: conventionally treated insecticidal net def: "A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year." [KL:KL] synonym: "ITN" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000259 ! insecticide-treated net created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T11:10:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000262 name: vaccine def: "A vaccine is a preparation which is used to improve immunity to a particular disease." [Wikipedia:vaccine] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000118 ! vaccination of population relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0001040 ! vaccination created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T11:20:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000263 name: ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria def: "Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a patient suffering from uncomplicated malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000051 ! ancillary treatment of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T11:46:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000264 name: ancillary treatment of severe malaria def: "Auxiliary, supportive and secondary treatment for severe malaria not focusing on the parasite." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000051 ! ancillary treatment of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T11:46:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000265 name: rehydration def: "Rehydration is the replenishment of water, or water and electrolytes." [KL:KL] comment: Important aspect of malaria therapy, especially in children and pregnant women, due to increased dehydration through fever in hot climates. is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000263 ! ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000266 name: antipyretic treatment def: "Treatment of high fever." [KL:KL] comment: Usually reduced through "traditional" measures (e.g. removal of clothes, sponging of skin, fanning, etc.), supported by theadministration of antipyretic drugs (e.g. paracetamol). synonym: "fever reduction" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000263 ! ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000267 name: analgesic treatment def: "Treatment of pain." [KL:KL] comment: Usually through the administration of simple pain killers such as paracetamol. is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000263 ! ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000268 name: treatment for anaemia def: "Treatment of anaemia, often found associated with malaria." [KL:KL] comment: Treatment can be performed through the administration of iron, folic acid, anthelminthics and blood transfusion where safe and available. is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000263 ! ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000269 name: pathogen specific form of malaria def: "A distinct form of malaria that is caused by a specific species of Plasmodium parasite." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000635 ! quality of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T01:06:39Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000270 name: cerebral malaria def: "Any impairment of consciousness or convulsions in a patient exposed to malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000271 ! severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T02:03:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000271 name: severe malaria def: "A form of falciparum malaria where Plasmodium falciparum infections are complicated by serious organ failures or abnormalities in the patient's blood or metabolism." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000191 ! falciparum malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T02:06:32Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000272 name: induced malaria def: "Malaria infection due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion or deliberate transmission." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T02:35:27Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000273 name: deliberate malaria def: "Historical iatrogenically induced malaria aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000272 ! induced malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-16T02:39:37Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000277 name: coma treatment def: "Treatment of comatose patients according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] synonym: "seizure treatment" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000278 name: anticonvulsive treatment def: "Treatment of seizures with standard anticonvulsive drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000279 name: treatment of cerebral oedema def: "Treatment of patients showing signs of cerebral oedema and/or cerebral herniation according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000280 name: treatment of severe anaemia def: "Treatment of patients with severe anaemia using packed cells or blood transfusion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000281 name: treatment of hypoglycaemia def: "Treatment of hypoglycaemic patients according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000282 name: treatment of intravascular coagulation def: "Treatment of patients showing signs of intravascular coagulation through the administration of vitamin K, fresh-frozen plasma or platelet transfusion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000283 name: treatment of fluid and electrolyte balance def: "Treatment of dehydrated patients or patients showing signs of a disturbed electrilyte balance according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000284 name: treatment of renal failure def: "Treatment of showing signs of renal failure according to standard procedures, complemented by the treatment of massive intravascular haemolysis." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000285 name: treatment of pulmonary oedema def: "Treatment of patients showing signs of pulmonary oedema according to standard procedures and/or positive pressure ventilation where possible. ." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000286 name: treatment of septicaemic shock def: "Treatment of patients developing a secondary septicaemic shock according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000287 name: treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia def: "Treatment of patients with a secondary pneumonia according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000288 name: treatment of hyperparasitaemia def: "Treatment of non-immune patients through exchange transfusion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000289 name: treatment of ruprured spleen def: "Treatment of showing signs of a ruptured spleen according to standard procedures, conservative measures taking precedence over surgery." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000290 name: treatment of metabolic acidosis def: "Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients according to standard procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-20T08:36:43Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000291 name: type 1 malaria vaccine def: "A vaccine aiming at reducing the incidence of severe malaria and malaria-associated mortality in infants and children with heavy exposure to Plasmodium falciparum, such as in sub-Saharan Africa." [ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein] is_a: IDOMAL:0001055 ! malaria vaccine created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000292 name: type 2 malaria vaccine def: "A vaccine aiming at preventing all clinical manifestations of malaria in individuals from areas with no exposure who travel to regions where malaria is endemic, primarily malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax." [ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein] is_a: IDOMAL:0001055 ! malaria vaccine created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000293 name: transmission blocking vaccine def: "A vaccine aiming at inducing antibodies to attack the sexual stages of the malaria parasite (gametocytes, gametes, zygotes, ookinetes) either in the human host or within the mosquito." [ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein] is_a: IDOMAL:0001055 ! malaria vaccine created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000296 name: Plasmodium parasite stage def: "The distinct stages of the life cycle of a protozoon of the genus Plasmodium." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00001 is_a: IDOMAL:0001058 ! process of malaria pathogen created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T10:34:09Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000297 name: ookinete def: "The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00006 is_a: IDOMAL:0000301 ! invertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000298 name: oocyst def: "The developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00002 is_a: IDOMAL:0000301 ! invertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000299 name: blood stage gametocyte def: "A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000308 ! blood stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:30:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000300 name: sporozoite def: "The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until trnsferrd into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00018 is_a: IDOMAL:0000301 ! invertebrate host stage is_a: IDOMAL:0000303 ! exo-erythrocytic stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000301 name: invertebrate host stage def: "Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the invertebrate host." [PT:PT] synonym: "mosquito stage" EXACT [] xref: PLO:00020 is_a: IDOMAL:0000296 ! Plasmodium parasite stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:07:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000302 name: zygote def: "The cell produced through the fusion of male and female gametes." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00024 is_a: IDOMAL:0000301 ! invertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:10:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000303 name: exo-erythrocytic stage def: "Collective name for life cycle stages of Plasmodium referring to the time between inoculation through a blood meal and the first entry into an erythrocyte." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001047 ! vertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:10:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000304 name: trophozoite def: "A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00011 is_a: IDOMAL:0000308 ! blood stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:19:32Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000305 name: ex-hepatocytic merozoite def: "A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00052 is_a: IDOMAL:0000303 ! exo-erythrocytic stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:49:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000306 name: erythrocytic schizont def: "A sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites." [AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0] xref: PLO:00008 is_a: IDOMAL:0000308 ! blood stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:58:50Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000307 name: hypnozoite def: "A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000303 ! exo-erythrocytic stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:13:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000308 name: blood stage def: "Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the blood of the vertebrate host." [KL:KL] synonym: "erythrocytic stage" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001047 ! vertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:16:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000310 name: attachment to hepatocyte cell membrane relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001012 ! hepatocyte invasion created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T01:03:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000311 name: formation of parasitophorous vacuole in hepatocyte relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001012 ! hepatocyte invasion created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T01:05:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000312 name: use of chemicals def: "Any use of chemicals such as insecticides or repellents for the purpose of vector control." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000667 ! mosquito control created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:37:09Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000313 name: mosquito stage gametocyte def: "A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000301 ! invertebrate host stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:31:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000314 name: female mosquito stage gametocyte def: "A gametocyte in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a female gamete." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000313 ! mosquito stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:32:23Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000315 name: male mosquito stage gametocyte def: "A gametocyte in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a male gamete." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000313 ! mosquito stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:32:23Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000316 name: female blood stage gametocyte def: "A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a female gamete." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000299 ! blood stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:32:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000317 name: male blood stage gametocyte def: "A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a male gamete." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000299 ! blood stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:32:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000318 name: macrogamete def: "The mature female gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00014 relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000314 ! female mosquito stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:33:09Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000319 name: microgamete def: "The mature male gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector, produced through exflagelation of the male gametocyte." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00005 relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000315 ! male mosquito stage gametocyte created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:33:37Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000320 name: ex-erythrocytic merozoite def: "A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an arythrocyte that may contonue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00040 is_a: IDOMAL:0000308 ! blood stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:52:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000321 name: ring stage trophozoite def: "A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte, called such because of the shape observed." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00015 is_a: IDOMAL:0000304 ! trophozoite created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:54:08Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000322 name: hepatic schizont def: "A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host." [KL:KL] xref: PLO:00009 is_a: IDOMAL:0000303 ! exo-erythrocytic stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-31T11:59:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000323 name: malaria eradication def: "The reduction of malaria prevalence in the global human or animal host population to zero." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:45:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000324 name: preparatory phase of malaria eradication def: "The first phase of an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000323 ! malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000325 name: attack phase of malaria eradication def: "The second phase of an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000323 ! malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000326 name: consolidation phase of malaria eradication def: "The third phase of an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000323 ! malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000327 name: maintenace phase of malaria eradication def: "The fourth and last phase of an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000323 ! malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000328 name: geographical reconnaissance of the area def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, geographical reconnaissance of the area to be attacked." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000329 name: training of field staff def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the training of field staff that will carry out the measures." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000330 name: identification and numbering sprayable houses/structures def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the identification and numbering sprayable houses/structures through workers surveying the area." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000331 name: assignment of accommodation def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of accommodation to workers involved." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000332 name: assignment of storage facilities def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of storage facilities for chemicals and other material resources to be used." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000333 name: procurement of equipment, vehicles, supplies def: "As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the procurement of equipment, vehicles, supplies and chemicals." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000324 ! preparatory phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000334 name: residual house spraying in malaria eradication def: "The spraying of houses with residual insecticides during an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000325 ! attack phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:55:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000335 name: monitoring degree of transmission in malaria eradication def: "The continuous epidemiological survey of malaria transmission during an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000325 ! attack phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T01:57:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000336 name: surveillance in malaria eradication def: "The epidemiological survey of all malaria indicators during an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000325 ! attack phase of malaria eradication relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000326 ! consolidation phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T02:01:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000337 name: vigilance by general health services def: "The coninuoys, post-eradication measures taken to guarantee the absence of autochthonous malaria." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000327 ! maintenace phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T02:06:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000338 name: Certification of malaria eradication by WHO def: "The last step of an eradication campaign." [KL:KL] relationship: preceded_by IDOMAL:0000327 ! maintenace phase of malaria eradication created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-01T02:11:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000341 name: factor def: "A chemical substance, often an enzyme, that plays a crucial role in a biological process." [KL:KL] comment: Role played by portion of physical substance in a biological process. is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000342 name: malaria vector colonization def: "Colonisation is the process by which a vector species spreads into new areas." [KL:KL] comment: The process by which a biotic entity establishes multiple copies of itself in a new environment (including an organismal environment). "native" environment term. is_a: IDOMAL:0001060 ! process of malaria vector population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000343 name: biotic def: "A living object." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000003 ! object [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000344 name: seroprevalence def: "Prevalence as measured by immunological methods." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000019 ! prevalence of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000346 name: quality of host def: "A quality which refers to the host." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000347 name: quality of pathogen def: "A quality which refers to the pathogen." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000349 name: insecticide resistance def: "A heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species." [IRAC:manual] is_a: IDOMAL:0001014 ! quality of vector population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000350 name: refractoriness def: "The lack of ability of a mosquito to transmit Plasmodium." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000351 name: quality of host population def: "A quality which refers to the host population." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000352 name: herd immunity def: "Resistance of a group to a pathogen due to immunity of a large proportion of the group to that pathogen." [biology online:herd immunity] is_a: IDOMAL:0000351 ! quality of host population [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000353 name: Bacillus israelensis def: "Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain Dipterans." [Wikipedia:Bacillus israelensis] synonym: "Bti" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000076 ! bacterium relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000905 ! introduction of B. israelensis created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000355 name: incubation period def: "The time elapsed between infection with Plasmodium parasite and when symptoms and signs, usually fever, are first apparent." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000092 ! temporal region relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000091 ! progression of malaria [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000356 name: infectivity period def: "The time period during which a patient can be infectious." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000092 ! temporal region [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000359 name: malaria host recovery is_a: IDOMAL:0001054 ! process of malaria host [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000360 name: pre-patent period def: "The time from the moment of infection till the first discovery of parasites in the blood." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000355 ! incubation period [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000362 name: Bacillus thurigiensis def: "Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a pesticide." [Wikipedia:Bacillus thurigensis] synonym: "Bt" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000076 ! bacterium relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0001021 ! introduction of B. thurigiensis created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000363 name: dormancy def: "Dormancy is a state in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity is temporarily suspended. Specifically, the stages of Plasmodium called hypnozoites, which lead to the relapse of malaria caused by P. ovale or P. vivax. In a wider sense it also includes the cases in which Plasmodium parasites cause recridescence of malaria." [KL:KL] comment: Is a period a process? is_a: IDOMAL:0000103 ! condition of malaria parasite [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000366 name: vertical transmission def: "Transmission across the placenta from mother to foetus, diagnosed through parasitaemia in the neonate within day 7 post partum." [KL:KL] synonym: "congenital malaria" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000082 ! malaria transmission [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000367 name: horizontal transmission def: "Transmission occurring from one individual to another in the same generation." [Wikipedia:transmission] is_a: IDOMAL:0000082 ! malaria transmission [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000398 name: A. (Cellia) acconitus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000399 name: A. (Cellia) annularis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000400 name: A. (Cellia) arabiensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000401 name: A. (Cellia) balabacensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000402 name: A. (Cellia) culicifacies def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000403 name: A. (Cellia) dirus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian & Indo-Chinese malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000404 name: A. (Cellia) farauti type 1 def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000405 name: A. (Cellia) farauti type 2 def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000406 name: A. (Cellia) flavirostris def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000407 name: A. (Cellia) fluviatilis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Indo-Chinese & Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000408 name: A. (Cellia) funestus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000409 name: A. (Cellia) gambiae def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000410 name: A. (Cellia) hilli def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000411 name: A. (Cellia) hispaniola def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Mediterranean & Afro-Arabian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000412 name: A. (Cellia) jeyporiensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Asian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000413 name: A. (Cellia) karwari def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000414 name: A. (Cellia) koliensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000415 name: A. (Cellia) leucosphyrus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000416 name: A. (Cellia) ludlowae def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000417 name: A. (Cellia) maculatus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000418 name: A. (Cellia) mangyanu def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000419 name: A. (Cellia) melas def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000420 name: A. (Cellia) merus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000421 name: A. (Cellia) minimus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000422 name: A. (Cellia) moucheti def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000423 name: A. (Cellia) multicolor def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Afro-Arabian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000424 name: A. (Cellia) nili def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000425 name: A. (Cellia) pattoni def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Chinese malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000426 name: A. (Cellia) philippinensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian & Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000427 name: A. (Cellia) pulcherrimus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000428 name: A. (Cellia) punctulatus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:00004281 name: A. (Cellia) pharoensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000429 name: usage of insecticides is_a: IDOMAL:0000312 ! use of chemicals created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-07T12:54:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000430 name: A. (Cellia) sergentii def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000431 name: A. (Cellia) stephensi def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000432 name: A. (Cellia) subpictus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000433 name: A. (Cellia) sundaicus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000434 name: A. (Cellia) superpictus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Mediterranean & Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000435 name: A. (Cellia) tessellatus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000436 name: A. (Cellia) varuna def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000437 name: A. (Kerteszia) bellator def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000438 name: A. (Kerteszia) cruzii def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000439 name: A. (Kerteszia) neivai def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000440 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000441 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000442 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000443 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000444 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) braziliensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000445 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000446 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000447 name: A. (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000448 name: Anopheles anthropophagus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000449 name: Anopheles atroparvus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000450 name: Anopheles aztecus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Central American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000451 name: Anopheles bacroftii def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000452 name: Anopheles campestris def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000453 name: Anopheles claviger def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Mediterranean malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000454 name: Anopheles conaldi def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000455 name: Anopheles donaldi def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000456 name: Anopheles freeborni def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major North American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000457 name: Anopheles labranchiae def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Mediterranean malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000458 name: Anopheles letifer def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000459 name: Anopheles messeae def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000460 name: Anopheles nigerrimus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Indo-Chinese & Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000461 name: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000462 name: Anopheles punctimacula def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000463 name: Anopheles quadrimaculatus def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major North American malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000464 name: Anopheles sacharovi def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean/Indo-Iranian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000465 name: Anopheles sinensis def: "An anopheline, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000466 name: Anopheles whartoni def: "An anopheline, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector." [Anobase:Species] is_a: IDOMAL:0000600 ! anophelinae relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001061 ! malaria vector [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000473 name: erythrocytic schizogony def: "A developmental process in the erythrocytes leading to the production of schizonts." [KL:KL] synonym: "erythrocytic schizogeny" EXACT [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000157 ! schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T07:41:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000475 name: pre-erythrocytic schizogony def: "A developmental process in the liver leading to the production of schizonts." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition p. 14"] synonym: "primary exo-erythrocytic schizogony" EXACT [ISBN:034057190X "Essebtial Malariology third edition p.16"] synonym: "primary tissue schizogony" EXACT [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000157 ! schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T07:44:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000476 name: hypnozoites formation relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000475 ! pre-erythrocytic schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T07:51:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000477 name: merozoite formation relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000473 ! erythrocytic schizogony relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000475 ! pre-erythrocytic schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T07:55:09Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000478 name: pre-patent period def: "The interval between the date of the infection and the time when the malaria parasites are detectable in the peripheral blood." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition, p.18"] xref: ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition" is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T07:59:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000479 name: erythrocyte invasion def: "The phase where merozoites invade the erythrocytes." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition, p 18"] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000473 ! erythrocytic schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000480 name: recognition and attachment to erythrocyte relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:10:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000481 name: junction formation relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:11:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000482 name: vacuole creation relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:12:24Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000483 name: entrance to the vacuole def: "The entrance of a cell into a vacuole while invading a foreign organism." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:13:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000484 name: sealing erythrocyte after entry relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:14:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000485 name: trophozoite formation synonym: "ring form parasite" RELATED [] xref: ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition" relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000473 ! erythrocytic schizogony created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:16:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000486 name: schizogonic periodicity def: "The time length of each phase of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasite." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000347 ! quality of pathogen created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:23:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000487 name: clinical manifestation of malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000635 ! quality of malaria relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000091 ! progression of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:37:03Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000488 name: febrile paroxysm def: "The characteristic, clinical feature of recurrent fever attacks in malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000518 ! generic clinical manifestation of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:43:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000489 name: Bacillus sphaericus def: "Bacillus sphaericus is an obligate aerobe bacterium used as a larvicide for mosquito control." [Wikipedia:Bacillus sphaericus] is_a: IDOMAL:0000076 ! bacterium relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000907 ! introduction of B. sphaericus created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000490 name: malaise def: "Malaise is a \"general feeling of being unwell\"." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:46:43Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000491 name: fatigue def: "Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities." [Wikipedia:fatigue] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:47:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000492 name: lassitude def: "Lassitude is a weariness." [KL:KL] synonym: "exhaustion" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:47:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000493 name: headache def: "In medicine a headache is a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and sometimes neck." [KL:KL] synonym: "Cephalalgia " EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:47:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000494 name: dizziness def: "Dizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability." [Wikipedia:dizziness] synonym: "vertigo" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:48:14Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000495 name: anorexia def: "Anorexia is the symptom of poor appetite whatever the cause." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:48:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000496 name: nausea def: "Nausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit." [Wikipedia:nausea] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:48:45Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000497 name: vomiting def: "Vomiting (known medically as emesis and informally as throwing up and a number of other terms) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose." [Wikipedia:vomiting] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0001282 ! prodromal stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:48:52Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000498 name: cold stage def: "The first phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by chills, lasting for 15 to 60 minutes." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000488 ! febrile paroxysm created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:49:40Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000499 name: mild shivering is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:50:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000500 name: teeth chattering def: "An uncontrolled vibration of the teeth, often at night or in cases of feeling cold." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:50:50Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000501 name: rigor def: "Rigor is a shaking occurring during a high fever." [Wikipedia:rigor] synonym: "body shake" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:51:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000502 name: peripheral vasoconstriction is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:52:52Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000503 name: rapid pulse is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:53:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000504 name: low volume pulse is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:53:47Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000505 name: febrile convulsions def: "A febrile is a convulsion triggered by a rise in body temperature." [KL:KL] synonym: "febrile seizure" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000498 ! cold stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:54:24Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000506 name: hot stage def: "The second phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by high fever and several symptoms due to this, lasting from 2 to 6 hours." [KL:KL] synonym: "flush phase symptom" EXACT [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000488 ! febrile paroxysm created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:54:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000507 name: severe throbbing headache is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:55:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000508 name: palpitation is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:56:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000509 name: tachypnoea def: "A state characterized by rapid breathing." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:56:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000510 name: prostration is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:57:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000511 name: posturnal syncope is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:57:32Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000512 name: epigastric disconfort def: "Not very intense pain in the epigastric area." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T08:57:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000513 name: delirium def: "Delirium is an acute and relatively sudden (developing over hours to days) decline in attention-focus, perception, and cognition." [Wikipedia:delirium] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:00:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000514 name: splenic enlargement is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:01:50Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000515 name: sweating stage def: "The third phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by intense sweating, during which the fever falls and all symptoms diminish while the patient usually sleeps." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000488 ! febrile paroxysm created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:02:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000516 name: fever def: "Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal." [KL:KL] synonym: "febrile response" NARROW [] synonym: "pyrexia" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000506 ! hot stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:03:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000517 name: sweating def: "Sweating is the production of a fluid, consisting primarily of water as well as various dissolved solids, that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals." [KL:KL] synonym: "Perspiration" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000515 ! sweating stage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:04:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000518 name: generic clinical manifestation of malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria found in all forms." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000487 ! clinical manifestation of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:29:08Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000519 name: clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by distinct parasites." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000487 ! clinical manifestation of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T09:31:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000520 name: clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. falciparum." [KL:KL] synonym: "malignant malaria clinical feature" EXACT [] synonym: "sub-tertian malaria clinical feature" RELATED [] synonym: "symptomatologyy of falciparum malaria." NARROW [] synonym: "tertian malaria clinical feature" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000519 ! clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:22:52Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000521 name: Coelomyces def: "A fungal genus." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000077 ! fungus created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000522 name: anaemia def: "Anaemia is a decrease in normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood." [KL:KL] synonym: "Anemia" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:30:56Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000523 name: hyperpyrexia is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:31:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000524 name: hyperparasitaemia is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:32:01Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000525 name: hypoglycaemia is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:32:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000526 name: renal failure is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:32:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000527 name: hepatic dysfunction def: "Malfunction of the liver." [KL:KL] synonym: "hepatic disfunction" EXACT [] synonym: "hepatic malfunction" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:32:57Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000528 name: water-electrolyte imbalance def: "Any situation in which the levels of one of the common electrolytes is either elevated or lowered in the serum of a patient." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:33:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000529 name: pulmonary oedema is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:33:52Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000530 name: massive intravascular haemolysis synonym: "blackwater fever" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:34:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000531 name: splenic rupture is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:35:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000532 name: circulatory collapse def: "A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral in nature." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature relationship: happens_during IDOMAL:0000520 ! clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:39:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000533 name: clinical manifestation of vivax malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. vivax." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000519 ! clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:40:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000534 name: clinical manifestation of ovale malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. ovale." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000519 ! clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:41:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000535 name: clinical manifestation of quartan malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. malariae." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000519 ! clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:42:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000536 name: clinical manifestation of monkey malaria def: "The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by monkey malaria parasites." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000519 ! clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T10:43:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000537 name: innate resistance to malaria is_a: IDOMAL:0000012 ! immunity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:07:40Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000538 name: resistance due to red cell polymorphism def: "Resistance to malaria due to conditions affecting the structure of beta globin chains, the rate of synthesis of globin chains, the level of G6PD and conditions affecting the red cell membrane or cytoskeleton." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000537 ! innate resistance to malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:09:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000539 name: Culicinomyces def: "A fungal genus." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000077 ! fungus created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000540 name: Lagenidium def: "A genus of mold-like brown algae." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000541 ! brown alga created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000541 name: brown alga def: "The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular: alga) is a large group of mostly marine multicellular algae, including many seaweeds of colder Northern Hemisphere waters." [Wikipedia:brown algae] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T03:00:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000543 name: acquired immunity to malaria def: "Immunity to malaria gradually acquired by infection." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000012 ! immunity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:21:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000544 name: pre-erythrocytic immunity is_a: IDOMAL:0000543 ! acquired immunity to malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:22:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000545 name: immunity to erythrocytic stage is_a: IDOMAL:0000543 ! acquired immunity to malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:23:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000546 name: immunity to sexual stage is_a: IDOMAL:0000543 ! acquired immunity to malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:23:39Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000551 name: staining def: "Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image." [Wikipedia:staining] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000213 ! microscopic blood examination created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-22T11:59:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000552 name: Giemsa staining def: "Giemsa stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, an early malariologist, is used for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites." [Wikipedia:Giemsa] is_a: IDOMAL:0000551 ! staining created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T12:00:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000553 name: Field's staining def: "Field's stain is a histological method for staining of blood smears." [Wikipedia:Field's stain] is_a: IDOMAL:0000551 ! staining created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T12:00:43Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000557 name: indirect haemagglutination test def: "An assay for the presence of specific antiviral antibodies in a test serum. The serum, usually a twofold dilution series, is mixed with a standard number, usually 4 to 8 HA units, of virus and incubated prior to the addition of a standard suspension of erythrocytes. The highest dilution of serum that inhibits hemagglutination is the HI titer of the serum." [TheFreeDictionary:hemaglutination inhibition test] synonym: "hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test" RELATED [] synonym: "IHA test" EXACT [] synonym: "indirect hemagglutination test" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000217 ! serological method created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T12:07:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000558 name: immuno-precipitation def: "The technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein." [Wikipedia:immunoprecipitation] is_a: IDOMAL:0000217 ! serological method created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T12:08:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000562 name: use of nucleic acid probe def: "Any method using nucleic acid probes for the detection of malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000223 ! molecular method created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T12:12:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000563 name: quality of the environment def: "A quality which refers to the environment." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:28:03Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000564 name: arthropod def: "Arthropods are invertebrate animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda that have an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:54:24Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000565 name: insect def: "Insects (Class Insecta) are arthropods, having a hard exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae." [Wikipedia:Insect] is_a: IDOMAL:0000564 ! arthropod created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:54:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000566 name: diptera def: "Insects, members of the order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron = wing), possessing a single pair of wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax." [KL:KL] synonym: "True flies" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000565 ! insect created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:54:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000568 name: temperature def: "Degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale." [MerriamWebsterOnline:temperature] is_a: IDOMAL:0000563 ! quality of the environment created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:35:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000569 name: humidity def: "A moderate degree of wetness especially of the atmosphere." [MerriamWebsterOnline:humidity] is_a: IDOMAL:0000563 ! quality of the environment created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:35:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000570 name: wind def: "A natural movement of air of any velocity." [MerriamWebsterOnline:wind] is_a: IDOMAL:0000563 ! quality of the environment created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:36:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000571 name: endemicity def: "The fact that autochthonous cases of malaria can be present at varying frequencies in an area or community." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001050 ! disposition created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:41:43Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000572 name: endemic malaria def: "A term applied to malaria when there is a constant measurable incidence both of cases of the disease and of its natural transmission in an area over a succession of years." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:54:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000573 name: stable malaria def: "Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission hardly fluctuates from year to year, but with possible seasonal fluctuation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:44:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000574 name: unstable malaria def: "Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission varies from year to year." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:44:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000576 name: autochthonous malaria def: "A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a malaria-endemic region." [KL:KL] synonym: "indigenous malaria" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:16:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000578 name: imported malaria def: "A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a non malaria region that was carried into non malaria region through any means of transportation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:53:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000579 name: introduced malaria def: "Cases of malaria contracted locally but derived from imported cases." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:53:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000583 name: hypoendemicity def: "Hypoendemicity denotes areas where there is little malaria transmission and the effects of malaria on the general population are unimportant." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition p.131"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000571 ! endemicity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000584 name: mesoendemicity def: "Mesoendemicity is found typically among small rural communities in the subtropical zones with varying intensity of transmission depending on local circumstances." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition p.131"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000571 ! endemicity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000585 name: hyperendemicity def: "Hyperendemicity is seen in areas with intense but seasonal transmission where the immunity is insufficient to prevent the effects of malaria on all age groups." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition p.131"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000571 ! endemicity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000586 name: holoendemicity def: "Holoendemicity denotes a perennial transmission of high degree, resulting in a considerable degree of immune response to all age groups, but particularly in the adults." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition p.131"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000571 ! endemicity created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000587 name: malaria survey def: "Evaluation of the amount and condition of transmission of the disease." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology third edition , p131"] synonym: "malariometry" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001037 ! process of malaria epidemiology created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:42:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000589 name: collection of epidemiological data def: "The collection of data relating to the epidemiology of malaria, to be processed and used for the survey of the state of the disease in a given area." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000587 ! malaria survey created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000590 name: investigation relating to the human host is_a: IDOMAL:0000587 ! malaria survey created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000591 name: investigation relating to the insect vector is_a: IDOMAL:0000587 ! malaria survey created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000592 name: spleen examination is_a: IDOMAL:0000590 ! investigation relating to the human host created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:50:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000593 name: blood examination def: "An examination of the blood comprised of several, different diagnostic procedures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000590 ! investigation relating to the human host created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:50:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000594 name: estimation of mosquito density def: "The calculated approximation of the mosquito density in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000591 ! investigation relating to the insect vector created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000595 name: estimation of natural infection def: "The calculated approximation of the natural infection rate in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000591 ! investigation relating to the insect vector created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000596 name: estimation of biting habits def: "The calculated approximation of the biting habits of a vector which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000591 ! investigation relating to the insect vector created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000597 name: estimation of longevity def: "The estimation of the life span of vectors." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000591 ! investigation relating to the insect vector created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000598 name: nematocera def: "Nematocera are generally primitive flies, typically recognized by filamentous, multi-segmented antennae which may be plumose in some males." [Wikipedia:Nematocera] is_a: IDOMAL:0000566 ! diptera created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T07:42:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000599 name: culicidae def: "A family of insects found around the world comprising all mosquitoes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000598 ! nematocera created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T07:42:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000600 name: anophelinae def: "A genus comprising a large number of mosquitoes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000599 ! culicidae created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T07:43:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000603 name: patient def: "A person under health care. The person may be waiting for this care or may be receiving it or may have already received it." [PT:MedicineNET.com "http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39154"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:00:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000604 name: human def: "A human is a member of a species of bipedal primates in the family Hominidae (taxonomically Homo sapiens)." [Wikipedia:human] synonym: "Homo sapiens" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001220 ! ape relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000603 ! patient created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:00:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000605 name: mammal def: "A vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001274 ! vertebrate relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001062 ! malaria host created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:01:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000606 name: primate def: "A primate is a member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, lorisids, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including great apes." [Wikipedia:Primate] is_a: IDOMAL:0000605 ! mammal created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:01:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000608 name: protection against mosquito bites relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000119 ! malaria prevention in individuals created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:17:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000611 name: object aggregate def: "A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate objects." [BFO:SNAP "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/manual p48"] created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-08-08T12:45:08Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000612 name: Anopheles developmental stage def: "The developmental stages of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001059 ! process of malaria vector created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-08-21T10:54:28Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000616 name: quinoline methanol def: "A compound used as an antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000052 ! arylaminoalcohol created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:43:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000617 name: phenanthrene methanol def: "A compound used as an antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000052 ! arylaminoalcohol created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:43:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000626 name: benzonaphthyridine def: "Any derivative of benzonaphthyridine that is used as an antimalarial, often in cases of cerebral malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:51:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000627 name: mepacrine def: "An antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:51:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000628 name: pyronaridine def: "A compound used as an antimalarial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000626 ! benzonaphthyridine created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:51:34Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000634 name: cotrimoxazole def: "A synthetic antimicrobial drug." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000206 ! sulfonamide created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T08:58:17Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000635 name: quality of malaria def: "A quality which refers to malaria." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-08-21T11:00:50Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000643 name: antibiotic def: "A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000258 ! malaria treatment drug created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:06:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000647 name: fluoroquinolone def: "Any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are fluorinated derivatives of quinolone compounds and are especially effective against gram-negative bacteria." [AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000643 ! antibiotic created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T09:07:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000665 name: aspiration of stomach contents def: "Removal of the stomach's contents via a nasogastric tube." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000264 ! ancillary treatment of severe malaria created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-23T11:08:11Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000667 name: mosquito control is_a: IDOMAL:0000169 ! malaria vector control relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000158 ! malaria control created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:17:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000672 name: chemical compound def: "A material with a definite chemical composition." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:22:24Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000673 name: repellent def: "A chemical substance used for repelling insects." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000608 ! protection against mosquito bites created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:22:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000674 name: selection of habitat relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000608 ! protection against mosquito bites created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:23:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000675 name: environmental management def: "The management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon the environment." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000667 ! mosquito control created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:25:01Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000676 name: environmental modification def: "In malariology, use of engineering aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000675 ! environmental management created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:25:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000677 name: filling def: "The filling of abandoned ditches, borrow pits and ponds to remove potential mosquito breeding sites." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000676 ! environmental modification created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000678 name: drainage def: "Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area." [Wikipedia:drainage] is_a: IDOMAL:0000676 ! environmental modification created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000679 name: Lido system def: "In areas of extensive water covered with vegetation where drainage is impractical, the area can be deepened to the extent that plants cannot grow. If the banks of the impoundment are also steepened and stabilised, the introduction of larvivorous fish can reduce mosquito production dramatically." [Health\, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper:ISBN 1-932126-90-2 "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN THE EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC (EAP) REGION"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000677 ! filling created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000680 name: surface drainage def: "The drainage of the surface." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000678 ! drainage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000681 name: subsoil drainage def: "The drainage of subsoil." [KL:KL] synonym: "subsoil drainage" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000678 ! drainage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000682 name: coastal swamp drainage def: "The drainage of a coastal swamp." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000678 ! drainage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000683 name: vertical drainage def: "Drainage of gricultural land by pumped wells to improve the soil." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000678 ! drainage created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000684 name: environmental manipulation def: "In malariology, a recurrent activity aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000675 ! environmental management created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:38:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000685 name: human population of non-immune individuals def: "A human population with no immunity against malaria." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001008 ! human population in malarial areas created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T10:32:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000686 name: change water levels def: "Deliberate change of the water surface level through engineering or other measures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000684 ! environmental manipulation created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000687 name: stream sluicing def: "The use of a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000684 ! environmental manipulation created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000688 name: change water salinity def: "Deliberate change of the water salinity through engineering or other measures." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000684 ! environmental manipulation created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000689 name: shading of stream banks is_a: IDOMAL:0000684 ! environmental manipulation created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000690 name: clearing of vegetation def: "Deliberate clearing of vegetation linked to standing water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000684 ! environmental manipulation created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000862 name: insecticide synergist def: "A chemical substance that improves the efficacy ofd an insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000873 name: piperonyl butoxide synonym: "PBO" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000878 name: DEF def: "A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides." [KL:KL "MIRO: 10000187"] synonym: "" RELATED [] synonym: "S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000880 name: sesamex is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000883 name: SV1 is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000886 name: triphenyl phosphate synonym: "TPP" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000888 name: piprotal is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000891 name: propyl isome is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000893 name: sesamolin is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000895 name: sulfoxide is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000898 name: tribufos is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0000862 ! insecticide synergist [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000900 name: biological mosquito control def: "A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various pathogens and predators of insect disease vectors." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000667 ! mosquito control created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:20:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000902 name: introduction of predators of mosquito vectors def: "A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various predators of insect disease vectors." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000900 ! biological mosquito control created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:21:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000905 name: introduction of B. israelensis is_a: IDOMAL:0001022 ! usage of bacterial pathogens created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000907 name: introduction of B. sphaericus is_a: IDOMAL:0001022 ! usage of bacterial pathogens created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000909 name: introduction of Coelomyces is_a: IDOMAL:0001023 ! usage of fungal pathogens created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000911 name: introduction of Culicinomyces is_a: IDOMAL:0001023 ! usage of fungal pathogens created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000913 name: introduction of Lagenidium is_a: IDOMAL:0001023 ! usage of fungal pathogens created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000916 name: introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax def: "A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of a nematode that parasitizes mosquito larvae.." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000902 ! introduction of predators of mosquito vectors created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000918 name: introduction of larvivorous fish def: "A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of larvivorous fish." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000902 ! introduction of predators of mosquito vectors created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000923 name: zooprophylaxis def: "The deliberate diversion of vectors to animal hosts, mostly in rural areas, to keep humans from being bitten by infected mosquitoes." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000158 ! malaria control created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T07:27:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000930 name: insecticidal substance def: "A chemical substance used for killing insects." [KL:KL] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000429 ! usage of insecticides [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000954 name: process of malaria host population is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T10:55:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000959 name: process of malaria is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Administrator creation_date: 2008-06-24T10:55:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000963 name: rodent def: "A species belonging to the mammalian order Rodentia." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000605 ! mammal created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:28:45Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000980 name: bird def: "A vertebrate animal of the class Aves." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001274 ! vertebrate created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:29:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000982 name: reptile def: "Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia, are air-breathing, cold-blooded amniotes that have skin covered in scales or scutes as opposed to hair or feathers." [Wikipedia:reptile] is_a: IDOMAL:0001274 ! vertebrate created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:29:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000984 name: lemurs def: "Any species belonging to the genus Lemur." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000606 ! primate created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000990 name: buffalo def: "Any of various wild oxen, sometimes domesticated, as the water buffalo of India or Cape buffalo of Africa." [YourDictionary.com:Buffalo] is_a: IDOMAL:0000605 ! mammal created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000991 name: deer def: "Any of a family (Cervidae) of ruminants, including the elk, moose, and reindeer." [yourDictionary.com:Deer] is_a: IDOMAL:0000605 ! mammal created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000992 name: squirrel def: "Any species in the family Sciuridae." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000963 ! rodent created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:32:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000993 name: bat def: "Any species in the order Chiroptera." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000963 ! rodent created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T10:32:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0000995 name: parasite def: "An organism that lives in or on and takes its nourishment from another organism. A parasite cannot live independently." [PT:MedicineNET.com "http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4769"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T11:08:03Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001004 name: penetration of vector is_a: IDOMAL:0000084 ! Plasmodium penetration of host cell created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:00:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001006 name: penetration of host is_a: IDOMAL:0000084 ! Plasmodium penetration of host cell created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:00:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001008 name: human population in malarial areas def: "A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is endemic." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001255 ! human population created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:34:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001009 name: human population in non malarial areas def: "A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is not endemic." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001255 ! human population created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:34:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001010 name: accidental transmission def: "Malaria transmission through transfer of infected blood into a patient by accident." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000188 ! iatrogenic transmission created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:44:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001011 name: blood transfusion def: "The process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another." [Wikipedia:bloodtransfusion] relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0001010 ! accidental transmission created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:45:11Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001012 name: hepatocyte invasion def: "The invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites upon entry in the bloodstream of the host." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0000475 ! pre-erythrocytic schizogony created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T12:52:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001013 name: quality of vector def: "A quality which refers to vectors." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T01:09:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001014 name: quality of vector population def: "A quality which refers to vector population." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000002 ! quality created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T01:09:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001015 name: relapse def: "The return of P. vivax or P. ovale malaria after its apparent cessation, occuring weeks or months after the primary infection." [KL:KL] synonym: "dormancy " RELATED [] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001053 ! occurrence of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T01:19:14Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001016 name: recrudescence def: "The recurrence of symptoms of P. falciparum malaria some days or weeks after a temporary abatement." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001053 ! occurrence of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-07-30T01:19:14Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001018 name: human population of immune individuals def: "A human population with acquired partial or full immunity against malaria." [KL:KL] relationship: part_of IDOMAL:0001008 ! human population in malarial areas created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T10:32:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001019 name: mouse def: "A mouse is a small mammal belonging to the genus Mus." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000963 ! rodent created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T10:45:49Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001020 name: usage of mosquito pathogens is_a: IDOMAL:0000900 ! biological mosquito control created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:23:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001021 name: introduction of B. thurigiensis is_a: IDOMAL:0001022 ! usage of bacterial pathogens created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:24:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001022 name: usage of bacterial pathogens is_a: IDOMAL:0001020 ! usage of mosquito pathogens created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:27:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001023 name: usage of fungal pathogens is_a: IDOMAL:0001020 ! usage of mosquito pathogens created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:27:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001024 name: screening material def: "Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000608 ! protection against mosquito bites created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:56:41Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001025 name: frame screen def: "A mesh screen blocking entry of insecticides through an opening." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001024 ! screening material created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:58:28Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001026 name: bednet def: "Netting hung over a bed to keep out mosquitos and other insects." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001024 ! screening material created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T11:58:28Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001027 name: door screen def: "A screen preventing insects from crossing an open door." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001025 ! frame screen created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001028 name: window screen def: "A screen preventing insects from crossing an open window." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001025 ! frame screen created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001029 name: porch screen def: "A screen preventing insects from arriving at a porch." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001025 ! frame screen created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001030 name: untreated net def: "A bednet that has not been treated with insecticides." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001026 ! bednet created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:02:45Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001031 name: protective clothing def: "Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000608 ! protection against mosquito bites created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:03:44Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001032 name: sporadic malaria is_a: IDOMAL:0000029 ! epidemiological type of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-08-06T12:36:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001033 name: mechanism of refractoriness is_a: IDOMAL:0001059 ! process of malaria vector relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000350 ! refractoriness created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-08-21T11:09:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001034 name: abiotic def: "A non-living object." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000003 ! object created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T10:48:10Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001037 name: process of malaria epidemiology def: "The epidemiological analysis of malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T11:05:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001038 name: usage of repellent def: "Use of chemical repellent to keep vectors far from humans." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000312 ! use of chemicals created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T11:28:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001039 name: immunization is_a: IDOMAL:0001054 ! process of malaria host created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T11:50:01Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001040 name: vaccination def: "The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease." [Wikipedia:vaccination] is_a: IDOMAL:0001039 ! immunization created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T11:50:24Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001041 name: zoophily def: "The preference for feeding on animals." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001042 name: anthropophily def: "The preference for feeding on humans." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001043 name: endophily def: "The habit of remaining within a man-made shelter throughout the whole or a definite part of the gonotrophic cycle." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001044 name: exophily def: "The habit of spending the greater part of the gonotrophic cycle out of doors." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001045 name: endophagy def: "The habit of obtaining the blood meal within a man-made structure." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-09-10T09:49:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001046 name: exophagy def: "The habit of seeking the blood meal out of doors." [ISBN:034057190X "Essential Malariology"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-09-10T09:49:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001047 name: vertebrate host stage def: "Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the vertebrate host." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000296 ! Plasmodium parasite stage created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-09-11T10:27:21Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001048 name: susceptibility def: "Lack of ability to resist to disease." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-09-11T10:46:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001050 name: disposition def: "A realizable dependent continuant that typically causes a specific process in the object in which it inheres when the object is introduced into certain specific circumstances." [Nature Precedings:hdl\:10101/npre.2008.1941.1 "Function, Role, and Disposition in Basic Formal Ontology"] created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-12-22T08:44:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001051 name: infectious disease def: "An infectious disease is a clinically evident disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions." [Wikipedia:Infectious disease] is_a: IDOMAL:0001050 ! disposition created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-12-22T08:45:03Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001052 name: malaria def: "An acute febrile illness characterized by periodic febrile paroxysms caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001051 ! infectious disease created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-12-22T08:45:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001053 name: occurrence of malaria def: "Any case of malaria occurring." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0001052 ! malaria created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2008-12-22T08:52:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001054 name: process of malaria host is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:35:37Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001055 name: malaria vaccine def: "A vaccine against malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000262 ! vaccine created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:39:47Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001058 name: process of malaria pathogen synonym: "penetration of host cell" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:43:29Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001059 name: process of malaria vector is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:44:37Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001060 name: process of malaria vector population is_a: IDOMAL:0000000 ! process created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:45:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001061 name: malaria vector def: "An anopheline mosquito transmitting malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000001 ! role created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:52:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001062 name: malaria host is_a: IDOMAL:0000055 ! host created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:56:55Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001065 name: human malaria parasite def: "A malaria parasite naturally infecting humans and using them as a reservoir for disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001286 ! malaria parasite created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:59:01Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001066 name: malaria pathogen is_a: IDOMAL:0000063 ! pathogen created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-01-07T08:59:23Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001067 name: protein def: "A natural macromolecule with aminoacids as basic components connected to eachother through peptide bonds." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T07:43:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001068 name: host protein is_a: IDOMAL:0001067 ! protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001069 name: Plasmodium parasite protein def: "A protein that is naturally found in Plasmodium parasites." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001067 ! protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001070 name: vector protein def: "A protein that is naturally found in disease vectors." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001067 ! protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001071 name: P25 def: "A surface protein expressed in the of the ookinete which interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector." [PMID:17442413 "The surface protein Pvs25 of Plasmodium vivax ookinetes interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus.", PMID:4039406 "Biosynthesis of two stage-specific membrane proteins during transformation of Plasmodium gallinaceum zygotes into ookinetes."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001072 name: P28 def: "A ookinete surface protein which interacts with laminin gamma1 present in mosquito midgut basal lamina." [PMID:2440053 "Ookinete antigens of Plasmodium berghei: a light and electron-microscope immunogold study of expression of the 21 kDa determinant recognized by a transmission-blocking antibody."] synonym: "Pbs-21" EXACT [PMID:2440053 "Ookinete antigens of Plasmodium berghei: a light and electron-microscope immunogold study of expression of the 21 kDa determinant recognized by a transmission-blocking antibody."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001073 name: SOAP def: "A soluble protein that is expressed and secreted by ookinetes via micronemes." [PMID:12828632 "SOAP, a novel malaria ookinete protein involved in mosquito midgut invasion and oocyst development."] synonym: "secreted ookinete adhesive protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001074 name: CTRP def: "A transmembrane protein expressed in ookinete micronemes." [PMID:10562534 "CTRP is essential for mosquito infection by malaria ookinetes."] synonym: "circumsporozoite and TRAP related protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001075 name: WARP def: "A micronemal, ookinete, small secreted soluble protein which forms high molecular mass complexes via disulphide bonds." [PMID:11463467 "von Willebrand Factor A domain-related protein, a novel microneme protein of the malaria ookinete highly conserved throughout Plasmodium parasites."] synonym: "von Willebrand Factor A domain related protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001076 name: PbCHT1 def: "A protein with the ability to hydrolyze chitin." [PMID:11349074 "Knockout of the rodent malaria parasite chitinase pbCHT1 reduces infectivity to mosquitoes."] synonym: "chitinase" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000173 ! traversion of peritrophic membrane created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001077 name: celTOS def: "A micronemal protein." [PMID:16468982 "CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts."] synonym: "cell traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001078 name: CDPK3 def: "A protein expressed in ookinetes required to cross the layer between blood meal and the midgut epithelium." [PMID:16430692 "A calcium-dependent protein kinase regulates Plasmodium ookinete access to the midgut epithelial cell."] synonym: "calcium dependent protein kinase 3" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001079 name: PbGC beta guanylate cyclase def: "A single molecule with a guanylate cyclase domain and N-terminal P-type ATPase like domain." [PMID:17030505 "PbGCbeta is essential for Plasmodium ookinete motility to invade midgut cell and for successful completion of parasite life cycle in mosquitoes."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001080 name: MAOP def: "A micronemal protein with a membrane attack complex and perforin-related domain." [PMID:15520375 "Essential role of membrane-attack protein in malarial transmission to mosquito host."] synonym: "Membrane attack protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001081 name: calreticulin def: "A protein found on mosquito salivary glands and on midgut microvilli." [PMID:12124367 "Toward a catalog for the transcripts and proteins (sialome) from the salivary gland of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.", PMID:15733320 "Do malaria ookinete surface proteins P25 and P28 mediate parasite entry into mosquito midgut epithelial cells?", PMID:17442413 "The surface protein Pvs25 of Plasmodium vivax ookinetes interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001070 ! vector protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-13T11:11:04Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001082 name: PbSub2 def: "A secreted protein expressed in ookinete stage forming protein aggregates that are often associated with the actin cytoskeleton." [PMID:11080150] synonym: "Subtisilin-like serine protease" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001083 name: Trap def: "A transmembrane protein present on the parasite surface and in the micronemes. It is produced by sporozoites." [PMID:19148273 "Malaria parasite invasion of the mosquito salivary gland requires interaction between the Plasmodium TRAP and the Anopheles saglin proteins."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000180 ! invasion of salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001084 name: SIAP-1 def: "A protein expressed in oocyst - derived and salivary gland associated sporozoites." [PMID:19181869 "Disruption of Plasmodium sporozoite transmission by depletion of sporozoite invasion-associated protein 1."] synonym: "sporozoite invasion-associated protein-1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000179 ! migration to salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001085 name: CSP def: "A GPI anchored protein covering uniformly the external surface of sporozoites." [PMID:14668012 "The Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein is involved in mosquito salivary gland invasion by sporozoites."] synonym: "circumsporozoite protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000180 ! invasion of salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001086 name: S6 def: "A sporozoite specific transmembrane protein." [PMID:19016774 "Role for the Plasmodium sporozoite-specific transmembrane protein S6 in parasite motility and efficient malaria transmission."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000179 ! migration to salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001087 name: Pb-PL def: "A phospholipase localized in the surface of sporozoites." [PMID:15590623 "A surface phospholipase is involved in the migration of plasmodium sporozoites through cells."] synonym: "Plasmodium berghei phospholipase" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001088 name: human band 3 protein def: "A human protein expressed in the surface of red blood cells." [PMID:12692305 "Band 3 is a host receptor binding merozoite surface protein 1 during the Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-14T08:08:28Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001089 name: Thrombospondin related anonymous protein def: "A protein possibly playing a role in sporozoite invasion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001090 name: AMA-1 def: "A micronemal protein." [PMID:14676185 "A role for apical membrane antigen 1 during invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites."] synonym: "Apical membrane antigen 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0001012 ! hepatocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001091 name: STARP def: "A sporozoite liver stage protein." [PMID:9368603 "Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite invasion is inhibited by naturally acquired or experimentally induced polyclonal antibodies to the STARP antigen."] synonym: "Sporozoite threonine and asparagines rich protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0001012 ! hepatocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001092 name: LSA-1 def: "A Plasmodium falciparum liver stage specific protein found to encode tandem 17 amino acid repeats." [PMID:7515922 "Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 is well conserved and contains potent B and T cell determinants."] synonym: "liver stage antigen 1" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001093 name: LSA-3 def: "A highly conserved 200 kDa protein expressed in mosquito and liver stage parasites." [PMID:11062538 "Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in chimpanzees by immunization with the conserved pre-erythrocytic liver-stage antigen 3."] synonym: "liver stage antigen 3" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001094 name: SALSA def: "A protein expressed in sporozoite and liver stage of parasites." [PMID:15003642 "Sporozoite and liver stage antigen Plasmodium falciparum peptides bind specifically to human hepatocytes."] synonym: "sporozoite and liver stage antigen" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0001012 ! hepatocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001095 name: SPECT def: "A protein produced in sporozoites localized in a mosquito salivary gland or in the liver infective sporozoite." [PMId:14737184 "Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer."] synonym: "sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001096 name: MAEBL def: "A single transmembrane like protein." [PMID:12021311 "MAEBL is essential for malarial sporozoite infection of the mosquito salivary gland."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000180 ! invasion of salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001097 name: PfSPATR def: "A protein expressed in several stages of the Plasmodium life cycle containing an altered thrombospondin repeat." [PMID:12716913 "PfSPATR, a Plasmodium falciparum protein containing an altered thrombospondin type I repeat domain is expressed at several stages of the parasite life cycle and is the target of inhibitory antibodies."] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum secreted protein with altered thrombospondin repeat" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001098 name: Stevor def: "A protein expressed during the parasite's sexual and asexual stages." [PMID:15949631 "Peptides from the Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR putative protein bind with high affinity to normal human red blood cells."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001099 name: Pf25-IMP def: "A 25 kDa protein which shows affinity to human red blood cells." [PMID:18556472 "Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum integral membrane protein Pf25-IMP and identification of its red blood cell binding sequences inhibiting merozoite invasion in vitro."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001100 name: MCP-1 def: "A 60 kDa protein located at the merozoite apical region and erythrocyte." [PMID:2671726 "A 60-kDa Plasmodium falciparum protein at the moving junction formed between merozoite and erythrocyte during invasion."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001101 name: PbROM1 def: "A serine protease present in blood stage merozoites localized to the apical end." [PMID:19148267 "Distinct roles of Plasmodium rhomboid 1 in parasite development and malaria pathogenesis."] synonym: "rhomboid protease" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001102 name: PfROM-1 def: "A rhoptric protease, highly specific able to cleave diverse adhesins." [PMID:17596999 "Erythrocyte invasion: vocabulary and grammar of the Plasmodium rhoptry."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001103 name: PfROM-4 def: "A specific rhoptric protease able to cleave diverse adhesins." [PMID:17596999 "Erythrocyte invasion: vocabulary and grammar of the Plasmodium rhoptry."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001104 name: PfSUB1 def: "A subtilisin like serine protease discharged from exonemes into parasitoforous vacuole space." [PMID:19214190 "A multifunctional serine protease primes the malaria parasite for red blood cell invasion."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000480 ! recognition and attachment to erythrocyte created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001105 name: PfSUB2 def: "An integral membrane subtilisin like protease stored in micronemes." [PMID:16322767 "Molecular identification of a malaria merozoite surface sheddase."] synonym: "merozoite surface sheddase" EXACT [] synonym: "MESH" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000480 ! recognition and attachment to erythrocyte created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001106 name: HAP def: "An active enzyme involved in heamoglobin degradation." [PMID:15899698 "P. falciparum pro-histoaspartic protease (proHAP) protein peptides bind specifically to erythrocytes and inhibit the invasion process in vitro."] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum histoaspartic protease" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000480 ! recognition and attachment to erythrocyte created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001107 name: laminin gamma1 is_a: IDOMAL:0001070 ! vector protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-13T12:19:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001108 name: GBP-130 def: "A merozoite surface protein consisting of a charged, 225-residue-long N-terminal region and eleven 50-residue-long repeat sequences that binds to the RBC surface." [PMID:3512098 "A tandemly repeated sequence determines the binding domain for an erythrocyte receptor binding protein of P. falciparum."] synonym: "glycophorin binding protein 130" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001109 name: SERA-5 def: "A protease expressed in merozoites as a protomer that is subsequently processed into four fragments." [PMID:12228245 "A subset of Plasmodium falciparum SERA genes are expressed and appear to play an important role in the erythrocytic cycle."] synonym: "serine repeat antigen 5" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001110 name: Pf12 def: "A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs." [PMID:16203726 "Distinct protein classes including novel merozoite surface antigens in Raft-like membranes of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001111 name: Pf38 def: "A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs." [PMID:16203726 "Distinct protein classes including novel merozoite surface antigens in Raft-like membranes of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001112 name: Pf41 def: "A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs." [PMID:16203726 "Distinct protein classes including novel merozoite surface antigens in Raft-like membranes of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001113 name: Pf92 def: "A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs." [PMID:16203726 "Distinct protein classes including novel merozoite surface antigens in Raft-like membranes of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001114 name: Pf113 def: "A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs." [PMID:16203726 "Distinct protein classes including novel merozoite surface antigens in Raft-like membranes of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001115 name: EBA-175 def: "An 175 kDa protein localized in micronemes." [PMID:8009226 "Receptor and ligand domains for invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum."] synonym: "erythrocyte binding antigen - 175" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001116 name: BAEBL def: "A protein expressed in late schizogony localized in micronemes. Paralogue of EBA-175." [PMID:12576308 "Glycophorin C is the receptor for the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding ligand PfEBP-2 (baebl)"] synonym: "EBA-140" EXACT [] synonym: "PfEBP-2" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001117 name: JESEBL def: "A 181 kDa protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes." [PMID:15820749 "Amino terminal peptides from the Plasmodium falciparum EBA-181/JESEBL protein bind specifically to erythrocytes and inhibit in vitro merozoite invasion"] synonym: "EBA-181" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001118 name: EBL-1 def: "A protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes." [PMID:2884039 "A histidine-rich protein gene marks a linkage group favored strongly in a genetic cross of Plasmodium falciparum"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001119 name: PfRBP-H1 def: "A rhoptry protein." [PMID:11733572 "A Plasmodium falciparum homologue of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein (PvRBP1) defines a trypsin-resistant erythrocyte invasion pathway"] synonym: "PfNBP-1" EXACT [] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum normocyte binding protein -1" EXACT [] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homologue 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001120 name: PfRBP-2Ha def: "A 370 kDa protein located in rhoptries of merozoites." [PMID:12606570 "Phenotypic variation of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins directs receptor targeting for invasion of human erythrocytes"] synonym: "reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue a" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001121 name: PfRBP-2Hb def: "A 350 kDa protein located in rhoptries." [PMID:12228308 "Variation in the expression of a Plasmodium falciparum protein family implicated in erythrocyte invasion"] synonym: "reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue b" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001122 name: PfRh4 def: "A 220 kDa transmembrane merozoite protein." [XX:12034462 "Gene structure and expression of a Plasmodium falciparum 220-kDa protein homologous to the Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding proteins"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001123 name: RAP-1 def: "A rhoptry protein present during asexual blood stage parasite development." [PMID:10835342 "RAP1 controls rhoptry targeting of RAP2 in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoptry associated protein 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001124 name: RAP-2 def: "A merozoite rhoptry protein with a molecular weight of 40-42 kDa." [PMID:2200961 "Characterisation and sequence of a protective rhoptry antigen from Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "RAP2" EXACT [] synonym: "rhoptry associated protein 2" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001125 name: RAP-3 def: "A 37-40 kDa protein located in merozoite rhoptries." [PMID:12183575 "Identification and disruption of the gene encoding the third member of the low-molecular-mass rhoptry complex in Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoptry associated protein 3" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001126 name: clag9 def: "A high molecular weight protein expressed in rhoptries." [PMID:11738712 "The high molecular mass rhoptry protein, RhopH1, is encoded by members of the clag multigene family in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001127 name: RhopH3 def: "A 110-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane." [PMID:1889471 "Interaction of the 140/130/110 kDa rhoptry protein complex of Plasmodium falciparum with the erythrocyte membrane and liposomes"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001128 name: RAMA def: "A 60 kDa protein anchored to merozoite membrane via its GPI tail." [PMID:16088836 "Antibodies to rhoptry-associated membrane antigen predict resistance to Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoptry associated membrane antigen" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001129 name: RESA-155 def: "A 155 kDa protein expressed on the surface of ring infected red blood cell." [PMID:3537955 "Structure of the RESA gene of Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "Ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001130 name: RESA-like protein def: "A protein synthesized during early ring stages and transported to infected red blood cells membrane surface during the trophozoite stage." [PMID:12368864 "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen like protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001131 name: HRP-I def: "A conserved protein 85 to 105 kDa expressed during the middle and late stages of the malarial parasite asexual cycle." [PMID:3301325 "The complete sequence of the gene for the knob-associated histidine-rich protein from Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "histidine rich protein I" EXACT [] synonym: "KAHRP" EXACT [] synonym: "knob associated histidine rich protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001132 name: HRP-II def: "A secreted soluble protein present in parasite cytoplasm." [PMID:10518033 "Heme binding and polymerization by Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein II: influence of pH on activity and conformation"] synonym: "histidine rich protein II" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001133 name: MAHRP-1 def: "A 29 kDa protein located in Maurer's clefts." [PMID:12815049 "MAHRP-1, a novel Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein, binds ferriprotoporphyrin IX and localizes to the Maurer's clefts", XX:] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum membrane associated histidine rich protein 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001134 name: PfEMP-1 def: "A knob-associated cytoadherent proteins." [PMID:17398133 "The naturally acquired immunity in severe malaria and its implication for a PfEMP-1 based vaccine", PMID:1773882 "Knobs, knob proteins and cytoadherence in falciparum malaria"] synonym: "Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001135 name: PvRBR-1 def: "A 325 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite." [PMID:1617731 "A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of Plasmodium vivax merozoites"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001136 name: PvRBR-2 def: "A 330 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite." [PMID:1617731 "A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of Plasmodium vivax merozoites"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001137 name: Py235 def: "A 235kDA rhoptry protein." [PMID:11378199 "Distribution and characterisation of the 235 kDa rhoptry multigene family within the genomes of virulent and avirulent lines of Plasmodium yoelii"] synonym: "reticulocyte binding protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001138 name: PvDBP def: "A Plasmodium vivax protein which binds to Duffy blood group antigen." [PMID:19000655 "Identification and evaluation of universal epitopes in Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein"] synonym: "Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001139 name: PPLP-1 def: "A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain." [PMID:14668008 "A member of a conserved Plasmodium protein family with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF)-like domains localizes to the micronemes of sporozoites."] synonym: "SPECT-2" EXACT [PMID:15659064 "A Plasmodium sporozoite protein with a membrane attack complex domain is required for breaching the liver sinusoidal cell layer prior to hepatocyte infection"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001140 name: PPLP-2 def: "A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain." [PMID:144668008 "A member of a conserved Plasmodium protein family with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF)-like domains localizes to the micronemes of sporozoites."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001141 name: PPLP-3 def: "A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain." [PMID:144668008 "A member of a conserved Plasmodium protein family with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF)-like domains localizes to the micronemes of sporozoites."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001142 name: PPLP-4 def: "A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain." [PMID:144668008 "A member of a conserved Plasmodium protein family with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF)-like domains localizes to the micronemes of sporozoites."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001143 name: MSP-1 def: "Two Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins binding to erythrocyte band 3 form a direct complex." [PMID:12692305 "Band 3 is a host receptor binding merozoite surface protein 1 during the Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001144 name: MSP-2 def: "A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor." [PMID:3293051 "Identification of two integral membrane proteins of Plasmodium falciparum."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001145 name: MSP-3 def: "A 48 kDa protein derived from a variable higher molecular weight precursor protein and undergoes proteolytic processing in the parasitoforous vacuole before secreted on the merozoite surface." [PMID:7891748 "Molecular variation in a novel polymorphic antigen associated with Plasmodium falciparum merozoites"] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 3" EXACT [] synonym: "secreted polymorphic antigen associated with merozoites" EXACT [] synonym: "SPAM" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000157 ! schizogony created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001146 name: MSP-4 def: "A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor." [PMID:17944453 "Identifying merozoite surface protein 4 and merozoite surface protein 7 Plasmodium falciparum protein family members specifically binding to human erythrocytes suggests a new malarial parasite-redundant survival mechanism."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 4" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000480 ! recognition and attachment to erythrocyte created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001147 name: MSP-5 def: "A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor." [PMID:9719507 "Close linkage of three merozoite surface protein genes on chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 5" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001148 name: MSP-6 def: "A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor." [PMID:15039357 "Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 6 is a dimorphic antigen."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 6" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001149 name: MSP-7 def: "A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor." [PMID:17944453 "Identifying merozoite surface protein 4 and merozoite surface protein 7 Plasmodium falciparum protein family members specifically binding to human erythrocytes suggests a new malarial parasite-redundant survival mechanism."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 7" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001150 name: MSP-8 def: "A 69.4 kDa intracellular membrane protein that is transcribed and translated in the ring stage localized to the parasite plasma membrane and it is absent from the surface of merozoites." [PMID:15972477 "Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 8 is a ring-stage membrane protein that localizes to the parasitophorous vacuole of infected erythrocytes."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 8" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001151 name: MSP-9 def: "A 191 kDa protein located on merozoite surface and on infected red blood cells within the parasitoforous vacuole." [PMID:16289042 "Two Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins binding to erythrocyte band 3 form a direct complex."] synonym: "ABRA" EXACT [] synonym: "acid basic repeat antigen" EXACT [] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 9" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001152 name: MSP-10 def: "A 61.2 kDa protein anchored to the merozoite membrane via GPI." [PMID:15820753 "Identifying Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-10 human erythrocyte specific binding regions."] synonym: "merozoite surface protein 10" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001153 name: PPLP-5 def: "A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain." [PMID:144668008 "A member of a conserved Plasmodium protein family with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF)-like domains localizes to the micronemes of sporozoites."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000185 ! invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-13T07:42:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001154 name: saglin def: "A secreted protein expressed in the salivary glands of Anopheles gambiae." [PMID:18093000 "Identification and molecular characterization of a novel protein Saglin as a target of monoclonal antibodies affecting salivary gland infectivity of Plasmodium sporozoites."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001070 ! vector protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000180 ! invasion of salivary gland created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-13T08:16:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001155 name: human glycophorin A def: "Glycophorin A is a sialoglycoprotein isolated from human erythrocyte membranes which seems to exist as stable dimeric complexes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate." [PMID:175830 "Subunit structure of human erythrocyte glycophorin A."] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein relationship: participates_in IDOMAL:0000479 ! erythrocyte invasion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-14T09:38:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001156 name: human glycophorin C def: "A protein expressed in the membrane of erythrocytes." [PMID:732312 "Glycophorins A, B, and C: a family of sialoglycoproteins. Isolation and preliminary characterization of trypsin derived peptides."] synonym: "sialoglycoprotein D" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-14T10:26:14Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001157 name: PTRAMP def: "A 352 amino acid protein with a putative signal sequence, transmembrane domain and thrombospondin structural homology repeat." [PMID:15003842 "PTRAMP; a conserved Plasmodium thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein"] synonym: "Plasmodium thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-14T10:44:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001158 name: RhopH2 def: "A 130-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane." [PMID:7496381 "Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry proteins of 140/130/110 kd (Rhop-H) are located in an electron lucent compartment in the neck of the rhoptries"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-14T11:34:56Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001159 name: human spectrin def: "A major component of red blood cell's cytoskeleton." [PMID:15998 "elective association of spectrin with the cytoplasmic surface of human erythrocyte plasma membranes. Quantitative determination with purified (32P)spectrin"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001160 name: clag2 def: "A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme." [PMID:18155305 "Diversity and evolution of the rhoph1/clag multigene family of Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoph1/clag2" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001161 name: clag3.1 def: "A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme." [PMID:18155305 "Diversity and evolution of the rhoph1/clag multigene family of Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoph1/clag3.1" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001162 name: clag3.2 def: "A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme." [PMID:18155305 "Diversity and evolution of the rhoph1/clag multigene family of Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoph1/clag3.2" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001163 name: clag8 def: "A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme." [PMID:18155305 "Diversity and evolution of the rhoph1/clag multigene family of Plasmodium falciparum"] synonym: "rhoph1/clag8" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001069 ! Plasmodium parasite protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001164 name: human actin def: "Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa highly conserved protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans. Actin is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells." [Wikipedia:actin] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001165 name: human ankyrin def: "A membrane protein identified as the target of spectrin a cytoskeletal protein." [PMID:372182 "Identification and partial purification of ankyrin, the high affinity membrane attachment site for human erythrocyte spectrin"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001166 name: human band 4.1 protein def: "A protein expressed in erythrocytes." [PMID:965498 "Irreversible deformation of the spectrin-actin lattice in irreversibly sickled cells"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:25:58Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001167 name: heparin def: "A glycosaminoglycan with highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:10000171 ! glycosaminoglycan created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001169 name: human erythrocyte complement receptor 1 def: "A protein, member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1." [Wikipedia :Complement receptor 1] synonym: "C3b/C4b receptor" EXACT [] synonym: "CD35" NARROW [] synonym: "CR1" EXACT [] synonym: "immune adherence receptor" BROAD [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001170 name: chondroitin sulphate def: "A glycosaminoglycan, the most prevalent GAG." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:10000171 ! glycosaminoglycan created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001171 name: human Duffy blood group antigen def: "A 35 to 43 kDa protein found in erythrocytes. Duffy-negative individuals are completely resistant to P. vivax infections." [PMID:14802995 "The Duffy blood group system", PMID:6695171 "Identification of an erythrocyte component carrying the Duffy blood group Fya antigen"] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-05-15T01:13:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001175 name: Anopheles breeding site def: "A collection of water which provides habitat for anopheline larvae and on which a female mosquito lays its eggs." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:01:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001176 name: permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water def: "A larger collection of non-salty water, natural (e.g. lake) or artificial (e.g. pool)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001175 ! Anopheles breeding site created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001177 name: transient fresh water collection def: "Smaller rain-filled depressions." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001175 ! Anopheles breeding site created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001178 name: permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water def: "Non-salty water that flaws naturally (e.g. stream) or artificially (e.g. canal)." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001175 ! Anopheles breeding site created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001179 name: container habitat def: "Water that was collected in an artificial container, e.g. through rain or otherwise." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001175 ! Anopheles breeding site created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001180 name: brackish water def: "Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001175 ! Anopheles breeding site created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001181 name: pool in a field def: "A transient accumulation of rain water in a depression on a field." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001177 ! transient fresh water collection created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001182 name: stagnant stream bed def: "A water pool in stream that has either permanently or temporally lost its water." [KL:KL] xref: : is_a: IDOMAL:0001177 ! transient fresh water collection created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001183 name: water-filled cattle hoof print def: "A depression made by an animal hoof while the soil was wet and later dried and filled with rain water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001177 ! transient fresh water collection created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001184 name: pool in car track def: "A rain water-filled track of a tyre left in mud and later dried." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001177 ! transient fresh water collection created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001185 name: brackish water marsh def: "A coastel marsh (low poorly drained land) with brackish water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001180 ! brackish water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001186 name: brackish water pond def: "A still body of brackish water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001180 ! brackish water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001187 name: brackish water non-tidal swamp def: "A coastal region saturated with brackish water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001180 ! brackish water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001188 name: tidal swamp def: "A swanp whose water content depends on the tides." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001180 ! brackish water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001189 name: small collection of brackish water def: "Any small collection of brackish water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001180 ! brackish water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001190 name: rock hole def: "A depression in a rock in which water could accumulate." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001191 name: tree hole def: "A natural cavity in a tree." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001192 name: plan axil def: "The angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001193 name: epiphytic water-bearing plant def: "An epiphytic plant in which water accumulates." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001194 name: discarded container def: "Any kind of container that has been discarded in the environment by man." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001195 name: crab hole def: "A small hole in the soil used as a habitat by crabs." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001196 name: crack in mud def: "A crack in dried mud." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001179 ! container habitat created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001197 name: natural discarded container def: "Any kind of natural container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a coconut husk." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001194 ! discarded container created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:30:23Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001198 name: artificial discarded container def: "Any kind of artificial container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a tin, a bottle or a used tyre." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001194 ! discarded container created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:30:23Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001199 name: open stream with vegetation def: "Fresh water running in a small stream with vegetation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001200 name: stream bed running over gravel def: "Fresh water running in a small stream over gravel or similar material." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001201 name: flowing water in canal def: "Fresh water running slowly in a man-made canal." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001202 name: flawing water in ditch def: "Fresh water running slowly in a man-made ditch." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001203 name: stream in forest def: "Fresh water running in a small stream in a forest." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001204 name: stream in plantation def: "Fresh water running in a small natural stream in a plantation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001178 ! permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001205 name: large open marsh def: "A marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood." [Wikipedia:Marsh] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001206 name: marshy part of lake def: "Thye part of a larger lake that resembles a marsh." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001207 name: small pond def: "A pond is an inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake." [Wikipedia:pond] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001208 name: small pool def: "A small, deep body of water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001209 name: borrow-pit def: "An area where material (usually soil, gravel or sand) has been dug for use at another location." [Wikipedia:borrowpit] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001210 name: stagnant canal def: "A man-made canal in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001211 name: stagnant ditch def: "A man-made ditch in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001212 name: spring-fed pool def: "A pool close to, and fed by a spring." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001213 name: spring def: "A natural source of water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001214 name: seepage from higher contours def: "An area in which water flows through pores and accumulates." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001215 name: rice field def: "A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice." [KL:KL] synonym: "paddy field" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001216 name: standing water in plantation def: "Standing water in a plantation, coming from irrigation." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001217 name: open well def: "An uncovered artificial excavation, hole or structure for the purpose of withdrawing water." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001218 name: swamp in forest def: "A swamp in a forest." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001176 ! permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001219 name: monkey def: "Any primate that is not a prosimian (lemurs and tarsiers) or an ape." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000606 ! primate created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:20:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001220 name: ape def: "An ape is any member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000606 ! primate created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:20:26Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001221 name: chimpanzee def: "A taxon comprising two species of apes." [KL:KL] synonym: "Pan" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001220 ! ape created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001222 name: gorilla def: "Any primate species of the genus Gorilla." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001220 ! ape created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001223 name: orangutan def: "Any of the two ape species of the genus Pongo." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001220 ! ape created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001224 name: bonobo def: "A chimp species found in the forests of the RDC." [KL:KL] synonym: "Pan paniscus" EXACT [] synonym: "Pygmy chimpanzee" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001221 ! chimpanzee created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:25:04Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001225 name: chimpanzee sensu stricto def: "A chimp species found in West and Central Africa." [KL:KL] synonym: "Pan troglodytes" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001221 ! chimpanzee created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T02:25:04Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001227 name: Plasmodium cynomolgi def: "A South East Asia macaque parasite." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T03:42:53Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001228 name: Plasmodium knowlesi def: "A parasite causing malaria to monkeys and also found to be causing malaria naturally to humans in SE Asia." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-03T03:47:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001229 name: Plasmodium berghei def: "An African rodent parasite, often used as a model." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001267 ! rodent malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001230 name: Plasmodium gallinaceum def: "A Southe East Asian parasite, often used as a model." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001268 ! bird malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001231 name: Plasmodium yoelii def: "An African rodent parasite, often used as a model." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001267 ! rodent malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001232 name: human haemoglobin def: "A protein composed of four globin chains and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; its function is primarily to transport oxygen." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T08:31:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001233 name: human host protein def: "A protein that is naturally found in humans." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001068 ! host protein created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:07:32Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001234 name: wild type haemoglobin def: "The haemoglobin that is comprised of two alpha and two beta chains encoded by the corresponding wild type genes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001232 ! human haemoglobin created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:11:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001235 name: variant haemoglobin def: "Any haemoglobin that is comprised of at least one chain encoded by a corresponding non-wild type gene." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001232 ! human haemoglobin created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:11:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001236 name: haemoglobin S def: "A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a valine for glutamine at position 57 in the beta chain." [KL:KL] synonym: "HbS" EXACT [] synonym: "Sickle cell haemoglobin" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001235 ! variant haemoglobin relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001237 name: haemoglobin E def: "A commonest variant haemoglobin in the world with a substitution of a lysine for glutamine at position 26 in the beta chain." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001235 ! variant haemoglobin relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001238 name: haemoglobin C def: "A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a glutamate for lysine at position 6 in the beta chain." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001235 ! variant haemoglobin relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001239 name: thalassaemia-related haemoglobin def: "Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in either alpha or beta chain leading to the disease thalassaemia when in homozygous state." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001235 ! variant haemoglobin created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001240 name: human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase def: "The first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate shunt whose deficiency leads, among others, to innate resistance to malaria." [KL:KL] synonym: "G6PD" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0001233 ! human host protein created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:26:46Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001241 name: condition created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T01:46:09Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001242 name: clinical feature def: "Any condition of the human malaria host that is often the result of a disease." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000093 ! condition of malaria host created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T01:49:15Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001243 name: incidence of malaria def: "Prevalence over a stated time period independent of whether the disease resulted from a new infection or not." [KL:KL] synonym: "period prevalence of malaria" RELATED [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000351 ! quality of host population created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T11:49:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001244 name: airport malaria def: "A case of malaria in or near an airport in a non-malarious area transmitted by a mosquito imported by plane from an endemic region." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000578 ! imported malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T12:11:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001245 name: transfusion malaria def: "Malaria cases resulting from the transfusion of blood taken from an infected individual." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000272 ! induced malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T12:13:01Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001246 name: disease vector population def: "A given population of disease vectors in a specific area." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001254 ! population created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T01:39:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001247 name: embryo def: "The first developmental stage that immediately follows fertilization of the egg." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001248 name: first instar larva def: "The second developmental stage, immediately following the embryo stage upon moulting." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001249 name: second instar larva def: "The developmental stage following the first instar larval stage." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001250 name: third instar larva def: "The developmental stage following the third instar larval stage." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001251 name: fourth instar larva def: "The last developmental stage before sclerotization and formation of the pupa." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001252 name: pupa def: "The stage during which the larva transforms into an adult." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001253 name: adult def: "The winged and last stage of development." [KL:KL] synonym: "imago" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000612 ! Anopheles developmental stage created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001254 name: population def: "A population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000611 ! object aggregate created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-05T02:38:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001255 name: human population def: "A collection of human beings." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001254 ! population created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-05T02:39:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001256 name: immune human is_a: IDOMAL:0000604 ! human created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-07T05:41:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001257 name: non-immune human is_a: IDOMAL:0000604 ! human created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-07T05:41:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001258 name: malaria-caused severe anaemia def: "One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000271 ! severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-07T05:43:56Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001259 name: malaria-caused respiratory distress def: "One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000271 ! severe malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-07T05:43:56Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001260 name: alpha thalassaemia-related haemoglobin def: "Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the alpha chain leading to the disease alpha thalassaemia when in homozygous state." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001239 ! thalassaemia-related haemoglobin relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:17:47Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001261 name: beta thalassaemia-related haemoglobin def: "Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the beta chain leading to the disease beta thalassaemia when in homozygous state." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001239 ! thalassaemia-related haemoglobin relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:17:47Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001262 name: malaria vector population def: "A given population of malaria vectors in a specific area." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001246 ! disease vector population created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:23:18Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001263 name: Plasmodium brazilianum def: "A protozoan species found in New World monkeys of the family Cebidae in northern South America and Panama, which can cause mild malaria in humans." [medilexicon.com:Plasmodium brazilianum] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:30:30Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001264 name: Plasmodium inui def: "A malarial parasite of Old World monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the Celebes, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines." [INIST-CNRS:2087\, 35400007582225.0110] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:34:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001265 name: Plasmodium schwetzi def: "A parasite causing malaria to chimpazees and gorillas." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:37:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001266 name: Plasmodium simium def: "A parasite causing malaria infections in Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis monkeys." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000127 ! subgenus Plasmodium relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001269 ! monkey malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:39:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001267 name: rodent malaria parasite def: "A malaria parasite naturally infecting rodents." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001286 ! malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:48:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001268 name: bird malaria parasite def: "A malaria parasite naturally infecting birds." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001286 ! malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:52:48Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001269 name: monkey malaria parasite def: "A malaria parasite naturally infecting monkeys. The term monkey is used here in a wide sense, i.e. it includes apes (but not humans) as primary reservoir." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001286 ! malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:54:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001270 name: subgenus Vinckeia def: "A subgenus of Plasmodium." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000126 ! genus Plasmodium created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T12:59:05Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001271 name: Plasmodium chabaudi def: "An African rodent parasite, often used as a model." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001270 ! subgenus Vinckeia relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001267 ! rodent malaria parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:00:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001272 name: nematode is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:18:59Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001273 name: Romanomermis culicivorax def: "A nematodeliving in slow-moving freshwater, whose larval stages parasitize mosquitoe larvae" [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001272 ! nematode relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000916 ! introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax relationship: has_role IDOMAL:0001277 ! mosquito parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:19:25Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001274 name: vertebrate def: "Any member of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with backbones or spinal columns." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:22:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001275 name: fish def: "A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic (or cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Fish are abundant in the sea and in fresh water, with species being known from mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) as well as in the deepest depths of the ocean (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish)." [Wikipedia:fish] is_a: IDOMAL:0001274 ! vertebrate created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:25:38Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001276 name: Gambusia affinis def: "The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is a species of freshwater fish, also commonly known simply by its generic name, gambusia, although such usage is ambiguous. It is sometimes called the western mosquitofish, to distinguish it from the eastern mosquitofish (G. holbrooki). It is a member of the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. The genus name 'gambusia' is derived from the Cuban Spanish term 'gambusino', meaning useless." [Wikipedia:Mosquitofish] is_a: IDOMAL:0001278 ! larvivorous fish created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:27:54Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001277 name: mosquito parasite def: "Any organsim that parasitizes mosquitoes." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000995 ! parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:30:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001278 name: larvivorous fish def: "A fish that feeds on mosquito larvae." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001275 ! fish relationship: agent_in IDOMAL:0000918 ! introduction of larvivorous fish created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:32:06Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001279 name: annual fish def: "Annual fishes are species that belong to the family Cyprinodontidae and which complete their life cycles within a year, their eggs requiring a dry period to develop fully." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001278 ! larvivorous fish created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:51:35Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001280 name: Nothobranchius guentheri def: "An larvivorous annual fish." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001279 ! annual fish created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:54:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001281 name: Cynolebias whitei def: "An larvivorous annual fish." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001279 ! annual fish created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T01:54:42Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001282 name: prodromal stage def: "A period of 2 to 3 days before the first malarial paroxysm during which the patient experiences mild symptoms that include malaise, fatigue, lassitude, a desire to stretch the limbs, headache, dizziness, pain in different areas of the body, anorexia, nausea and slight fever." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000518 ! generic clinical manifestation of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-09T03:06:16Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001283 name: general therrapeutic procedure def: "A general therapeutic procedure applied for malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000959 ! process of malaria created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-17T03:00:50Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001284 name: chemotherapy def: "The use of defined chemical agents to treat or control disease." [KLXX:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001283 ! general therrapeutic procedure created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-17T03:03:45Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001285 name: malaria prophylaxis drug def: "A drug that is commonly used for malaria prophylaxis but usually not for its treatment." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000202 ! antimalarial drug created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T11:03:33Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001286 name: malaria parasite def: "A parasite causing malaria." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0000995 ! parasite created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T11:48:19Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001287 name: G6PD deficiency is_a: IDOMAL:0000346 ! quality of host relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T12:05:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001288 name: ovalocytosis def: "Ovalocytosis is an inherited condition in which a person's red blood cells, which are supposed to be round, instead have a slightly oval or elliptical shape." [Wikipedia:ovalocytosis] synonym: "hereditary elliptocytosis" EXACT [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000346 ! quality of host relationship: realizes IDOMAL:0000538 ! resistance due to red cell polymorphism created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T12:05:02Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001289 name: coma def: "A coma is a profound state of unconsciousness." [Wikipedia:coma] is_a: IDOMAL:0001242 ! clinical feature created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T03:02:07Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001290 name: unrousable coma def: "A coma persisting for at least 30 minutes after a convulsion." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001289 ! coma created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T03:03:12Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001291 name: domestic behaviour def: "The fact that an endophilic species rests inside the house after the meal." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001292 name: wild behaviour def: "The fact that an exophilic species will never go indoors." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001293 name: intermediate behaviour def: "The fact that an endophilic species will go outdoors for resting after the meal." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001294 name: vectorial capacity def: "In vector-borne infections such as malaria, the vectorial capacity is a concept analogous to the contact rate in directly-transmitted diseases. It is, thus, a function of (a) the vector's density in relation to its vertebrate host, (b) the frequency with which it takes blood meals on the host species, (c) the duration of the latent period in the vector, and (d) the vector's life expectancy" [Babylon:vectorial capacity] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T12:02:22Z [Term] id: IDOMAL:0001295 name: vector competence def: "The ability of a vector to acquire a pathogen and to successfully transmit it to another susceptible host." [KL:KL] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-30T12:02:22Z [Term] id: MIRO:00000001 name: Rdl A296S def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000115 ! modified GABA receptor [Term] id: MIRO:00000002 name: deficiency of midgut receptor def: "Loss of function of specific midgut receptors." [PT:PT] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000129 ! midgut receptor mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000003 name: metabolic resistance def: "Class of insecticide resistance that relies on the biochemical transformation of the insecticide, ultimately reducing its capacity to interact with a target molecule." [PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231"] synonym: "Detoxification" RELATED [] is_a: MIRO:00000021 ! resistance to single insecticide [Term] id: MIRO:00000004 name: target-site resistance def: "Resistance caused by a structural change of the insecticide target gene product leading to decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000021 ! resistance to single insecticide [Term] id: MIRO:00000005 name: behavioural resistance def: "Resistance due to a modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000021 ! resistance to single insecticide [Term] id: MIRO:00000006 name: reduced penetration def: "Modification(s) in the insect cuticle preventing or slowing the absorption or penetration of insecticide." [IRAC:manual "IRAC manual"] xref: IRAC:manual "IRAC manual" is_a: MIRO:00000077 ! cuticle permeability related resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000007 name: stimulus dependent resistance def: "Resistance due to a chemical-dependent modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides (e.g. repellance)." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000005 ! behavioural resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000008 name: Kdr V1016G def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-G) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000009 name: Kdr V1016I def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-I) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000010 name: Kdr I1011M def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-M) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000011 name: Kdr I1011V def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-V) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000012 name: carboxysterase resistance def: "Metabolic resistance due to qualitative or quantitative changes in COE gene products (group of hydrolase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing compounds containing ester bonds) resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [IRAC:manual "IRAC manual", PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231"] synonym: "COE resistance" EXACT [] xref: PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231" is_a: MIRO:00000003 ! metabolic resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000013 name: COE quantitative change def: "A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to up-regulated COE gene products, which more efficiently sequester or metabolize insecticides." [KL:KL] synonym: "COE upregulation" EXACT [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000012 ! carboxysterase resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000014 name: Glutathione S-transferase resistance def: "Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in GST gene products (phase II metabolic enzymes capable of conjugating reduced glutathione to the electrophilic centers of exogenous and endogenous compounds) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231"] synonym: "GSH S-transferase resistance" EXACT [] synonym: "GST resistance" EXACT [] is_a: MIRO:00000003 ! metabolic resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000015 name: P450 monoxygenases resistance def: "Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in P450 gene products (phase I metabolic enzymes capable of oxidizing endogenous and exogenous compounds by oxidation or other related reactions) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification, or reduced insecticide activation." [PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231"] synonym: "P450 resistance" RELATED [] xref: PMID:16925478 "Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231" is_a: MIRO:00000003 ! metabolic resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000016 name: COE qualitative change def: "A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to structural change of COE gene product resulting in more efficient metabolism or sequestration of insecticides." [KL:KL] synonym: "COE mutation" EXACT [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000012 ! carboxysterase resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000021 name: resistance to single insecticide def: "A selected heritable characteristic in an insect population that results in the repeated failure of one single insecticide (but not others within or outside that class) to provide the intended level of control when used as recommended." [IRAC:manual "IRAC manual"] is_a: IDOMAL:0000349 ! insecticide resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000028 name: stimulus independent resistance def: "Resistance resulting from a chemical-independent modification in behaviour that helps the insect avoid the lethal effect of insecticides." [IRAC:manual "IRAC manual"] xref: IRAC:manual "IRAC manual" is_a: MIRO:00000005 ! behavioural resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000077 name: cuticle permeability related resistance def: "Change of permeability of the cuticle resulting in reduced insecticide uptake. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000021 ! resistance to single insecticide [Term] id: MIRO:00000078 name: enhanced excretion def: "Increased cuticle or cell-mediated insecticide excretion. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000077 ! cuticle permeability related resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000079 name: COEa structural change of gene product in family def: "Structural change of COEa family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000016 ! COE qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000080 name: COEb structural change of gene product in family def: "Structural change of gene product in family COEb family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000016 ! COE qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000081 name: COEjh structural change of gene product in family def: "Structural change of gene product in family COEjh family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000016 ! COE qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000082 name: elevated COEa levels def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEa gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000013 ! COE quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000083 name: elevated COEb levels def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEb gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000013 ! COE quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000084 name: elevated COEjh level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEjh gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000013 ! COE quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000085 name: GST quantitative change def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] synonym: "GSH S-transferase upregulation" EXACT [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000014 ! Glutathione S-transferase resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000086 name: GST qualitative change def: "Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] synonym: "GSH S-tranferase mutation" EXACT [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000014 ! Glutathione S-transferase resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000087 name: structural change of product in GSTd gene family def: "Structural changes in GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000088 name: structural change of product in GSTe gene family def: "Structural changes in GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000089 name: structural change of product in GSTo gene family def: "Structural changes in GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000090 name: structural change of product in GSTt gene family def: "Structural changes in GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000091 name: structural change of product in GSTu gene family def: "Structural changes in GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000092 name: structural change of product in GSTz gene family def: "Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000086 ! GST qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000093 name: elevated GSTd level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000094 name: elevated GSTe level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000095 name: elevated GSTo level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000096 name: elevated GSTt level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000097 name: elevated GSTu level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000098 name: elevated GSTz level def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTz gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000085 ! GST quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000099 name: P450 qualitative change def: "Structural changes in P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism." [KL:KL] synonym: "P450 mutation" EXACT [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000015 ! P450 monoxygenases resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000100 name: P450 quantitative change def: "Changed enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] synonym: "P450 upregulation" RELATED [] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000015 ! P450 monoxygenases resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000101 name: structural change of product in CYP3 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP3 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000102 name: structural change of product in CYP4 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP4 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000103 name: structural change of product in CYP6 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP6 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000104 name: structural change of product in CYP9 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP9 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000105 name: structural change of product in CYP12 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP12 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000106 name: structural change of product in CYP15 gene family def: "Structural changes in CYP15 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000099 ! P450 qualitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000107 name: differential CYP12 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP12 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000108 name: differential CYP15 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP15 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000109 name: differential CYP3 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP3 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000110 name: differential CYP4 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP4 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000111 name: differential CYP6 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP6 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000112 name: differential CYP9 level def: "Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP9 P450 gene products." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000100 ! P450 quantitative change [Term] id: MIRO:00000113 name: modified sodium channel def: "Structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000131 ! sodium channel mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000114 name: modified AChE def: "Structural changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000127 ! AChE mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000115 name: modified GABA receptor def: "Structural changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000128 ! GABA receptor mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000116 name: modified midgut receptor def: "Structurally modified protein in the insects' midgut that is no longer able to bind an insecticide." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000129 ! midgut receptor mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000117 name: modified nicotinic receptor def: "Structural change of the insecticide target nAChR gene product resulting in decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000130 ! nicotinic receptor mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000118 name: modified midgut protease activity def: "Modified protease activity caused by a mutation, resulting in differential processing of bacterial pro-insecticides and, thus, reduced toxicity." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000003 ! metabolic resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000119 name: elevated AChE levels def: "Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of AChE gene products." [KL:KL] relationship: agent_in MIRO:00000127 ! AChE mediated resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000120 name: AChE1 G119S def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 119 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000114 ! modified AChE [Term] id: MIRO:00000121 name: AChE1 F331W def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 331 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000114 ! modified AChE [Term] id: MIRO:00000122 name: AChE1 F290V def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 290 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000114 ! modified AChE [Term] id: MIRO:00000123 name: Rdl A296G def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000115 ! modified GABA receptor [Term] id: MIRO:00000124 name: modified Cry def: "Structural change in the insecticide target Cry gene products resulting in decreased response to insecticides." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000116 ! modified midgut receptor [Term] id: MIRO:00000125 name: Kdr L1014S def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000126 name: Kdr L1014F def: "Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide." [PMID:15242706 "Hemingway et al. (2004) Ins. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(7):653-665"] is_a: MIRO:00000113 ! modified sodium channel [Term] id: MIRO:00000127 name: AChE mediated resistance def: "Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000004 ! target-site resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000128 name: GABA receptor mediated resistance def: "Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000004 ! target-site resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000129 name: midgut receptor mediated resistance def: "Target-site resistance due to the fact that the receptors in the insects' midgut that are responsible for binding an insecticide can no longer function properly due to a mutation in the corresponding gene." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000004 ! target-site resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000130 name: nicotinic receptor mediated resistance def: "Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target nAChR gene product, resulting in decreased response to the insecticide." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000004 ! target-site resistance [Term] id: MIRO:00000131 name: sodium channel mediated resistance def: "Resistance due to mutation leading to structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product." [KL:KL] is_a: MIRO:00000004 ! target-site resistance [Term] id: MIRO:10000000 name: acetylcholine esterase inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits acetylcholine esterase." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38462 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000001 name: chitin biosynthesis inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits chitin biosynthesis." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000002 name: carbamate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000000 ! acetylcholine esterase inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000003 name: aldicarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2555 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000004 name: alanycarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38463 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000005 name: aminocarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2653 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000006 name: bendiocarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34556 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000007 name: benfuracarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3014 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000008 name: butocarboxim def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38465 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000009 name: butoxycarboxim def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38470 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000010 name: carbaryl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3390 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000011 name: carbofuran def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34611 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000012 name: carbosulfan def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38476 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000013 name: ethiofencarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38483 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000014 name: fenobucarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34304 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000015 name: formetanate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38491 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000016 name: furathiocarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38504 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000017 name: isoprocarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38505 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000018 name: methiocarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38508 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000019 name: methomyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:6835 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000020 name: metolcarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38537 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000021 name: oxamyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38539 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000022 name: pirimicarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:8248 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000023 name: propoxur def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34938 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000024 name: thiodicarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38548 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000025 name: thiofanox def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38549 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000026 name: trimethacarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38569 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000027 name: XMC def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38571 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000028 name: xylylcarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:35048 is_a: MIRO:10000002 ! carbamate [Term] id: MIRO:10000029 name: triazamate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38576 is_a: MIRO:10000000 ! acetylcholine esterase inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000030 name: growth inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits growth." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000031 name: organophosphate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:25708 is_a: MIRO:10000000 ! acetylcholine esterase inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000032 name: acephate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34520 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000033 name: azamethiphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38578 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000034 name: azinphos-ethyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38587 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000035 name: azinphos-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2953 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000036 name: cadusafos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38588 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000037 name: chlorethoxyfos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38590 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000038 name: chlorfenvinphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38598 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000039 name: chlormephos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38603 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000040 name: chlorpyrifos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34631 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000041 name: chlorpyrifos-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34632 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000042 name: coumaphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3903 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000043 name: cyanophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38621 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000044 name: demeton-S-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38624 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000045 name: diazinon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34682 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000046 name: dichlorvos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "DDVP" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:34690 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000047 name: dicrotophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38658 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000048 name: dimethoate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34714 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000049 name: dimethylvinphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38659 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000050 name: disulfoton def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38661 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000051 name: EPN def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34733 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000052 name: ethion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38663 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000053 name: ethoprophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38665 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000054 name: famphur def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38677 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000055 name: fenamiphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38680 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000056 name: fenitrothion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34757 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000057 name: fensulfothion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34760 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000058 name: fenthion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34761 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000059 name: fonofos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38689 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000060 name: fosthiazate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38692 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000061 name: heptenophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38693 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000062 name: isofenphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:6009 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000063 name: isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "isocarbophos" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:38704 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000064 name: isoxathion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34801 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000065 name: malathion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:6651 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000066 name: mecarbam def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38718 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000067 name: methamidophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38721 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000068 name: methidathion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34837 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000069 name: mevinphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38725 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000070 name: monocrotophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38728 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000071 name: naled def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38729 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000072 name: omethoate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38730 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000073 name: oxydemeton-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38735 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000074 name: parathion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:27928 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000075 name: parathion-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38746 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000076 name: phenthoate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34917 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000077 name: phorate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38764 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000078 name: phosalone def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:8121 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000079 name: phosmet def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38786 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000080 name: phosphamidon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38832 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000081 name: phoxim def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38812 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000082 name: pirimiphos-methyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38843 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000083 name: profenofos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "bromofos" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:38845 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000084 name: propaphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38858 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000085 name: propetamphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38864 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000086 name: prothiofos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000087 name: pyraclofos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38876 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000088 name: pyridaphenthion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38881 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000089 name: quinalphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:8712 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000090 name: sulfotep def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38945 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000091 name: sulprofos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38949 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000092 name: tebupirimfos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38951 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000093 name: temephos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "OMS-786" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:38954 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000094 name: terbufos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38960 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000095 name: tetrachlorvinphos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:35005 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000096 name: thiometon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38962 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000097 name: triazophos def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38963 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000098 name: trichlorfon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:6908 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000099 name: vamidothion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38990 is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000100 name: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist def: "A chemical substance which acts as GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000101 name: moulting disruptor def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000030 ! growth inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000102 name: cyclodiene organochlorine def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:23457 is_a: MIRO:10000100 ! GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000103 name: chlordane def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34623 is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000104 name: endosulfan def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4791 is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000105 name: gamma-HCH def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:32888 is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000106 name: heptachlor def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34785 is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000107 name: lindane def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:32888 is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000108 name: chlorphoxim def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "chlorphoxin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-3\,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene-8-nitrile4-sulfide xref: IUPAC:O\,O-diethyl2-chloro--cyanobenzylideneaminooxyphosphonothioate is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000109 name: fipronil / phenylpyrazole def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000100 ! GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000110 name: fipronil def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:5063 is_a: MIRO:10000109 ! fipronil / phenylpyrazole [Term] id: MIRO:10000111 name: sodium channel modulator def: "A chemical substance which modulates sodium channels." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39000 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000112 name: pyrethroid def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:26413 is_a: MIRO:10000111 ! sodium channel modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000113 name: acrinathrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39091 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000114 name: allethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34572 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000115 name: d-cis-trans allethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39137 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000116 name: d-trans allethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39118 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000117 name: bifenthrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3093 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000118 name: bioallethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34572 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000119 name: bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39115 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000120 name: bioresmethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39280 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000121 name: cycloprothrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39283 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000122 name: cyfluthrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4034 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000123 name: beta-cyfluthrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39314 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000124 name: cyhalothrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4035 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000125 name: lambda-cyhalothrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39325 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000126 name: gamma-cyhalothrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39323 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000127 name: cypermethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4042 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000128 name: alpha-cypermethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39331 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000129 name: beta-cypermethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39332 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000130 name: theta-cypermethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39333 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000131 name: zeta-cypermethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39334 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000132 name: cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomers] def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39341 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000133 name: deltamethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4388 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000134 name: empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers] def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39404 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000135 name: esfenvalerate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39346 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000136 name: etofenprox def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39348 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000137 name: fenpropathrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39353 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000138 name: fenvalerate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:5014 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000139 name: flucythrinate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34763 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000140 name: flumethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39361 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000141 name: tau-fluvalinate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39367 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000142 name: halfenprox def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39368 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000143 name: imiprothrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39389 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000144 name: permethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34911 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000145 name: phenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomer] def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "sumithrin" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:39341 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000146 name: prallethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39391 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000147 name: resmethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:8811 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000148 name: rU 15525 def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "kadethrin" RELATED [] xref: CHEBI:39392 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000149 name: silafluofen def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39393 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000150 name: tefluthrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:9430 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000151 name: tetramethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39397 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000152 name: tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers] def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39399 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000153 name: tralomethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39400 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000154 name: transfluthrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:32253 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000155 name: ZXI 8901 def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39402 is_a: MIRO:10000112 ! pyrethroid [Term] id: MIRO:10000156 name: pyrethrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "pyrethrum" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:27815 is_a: MIRO:10000111 ! sodium channel modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000157 name: DDT def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:16130 is_a: MIRO:10000111 ! sodium channel modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000158 name: methoxychlor def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:6842 is_a: MIRO:10000111 ! sodium channel modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000159 name: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agontist/antagonist def: "A chemical substance which acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist/antagonist." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000160 name: dieldrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34696 xref: IUPAC:(1R\,4S\,4aS\,5R\,6R\,7S\,8S\,8aR)-1\,2\,3\,4\,10\,10-hexachloro-1\,4\,4a\,5\,6\,7\,8\,8a-octahydro-6\,7-epoxy-1\,4\:5\,8-dimethanonaphthalene is_a: MIRO:10000102 ! cyclodiene organochlorine [Term] id: MIRO:10000161 name: neonicotinoid def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39182 is_a: MIRO:10000159 ! nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agontist/antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000162 name: acetamiprid def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39163 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000163 name: clothianidin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39178 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000164 name: dinotefuran def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39183 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000165 name: imidacloprid def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:5870 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000166 name: nitenpyram def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39171 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000167 name: thiacloprid def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39175 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000168 name: thiamethoxam def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39185 is_a: MIRO:10000161 ! neonicotinoid [Term] id: MIRO:10000169 name: active substance def: "The ingredient which is pharmaceutically active in a pesticide formulation." [PT:PT] is_a: IDOMAL:0000930 ! insecticidal substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000170 name: nicotine def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:18723 is_a: MIRO:10000159 ! nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agontist/antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000171 name: glycosaminoglycan def: "Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit." [Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan] synonym: "GAG" NARROW [] synonym: "mucopolysaccharides" NARROW [] is_a: IDOMAL:0000672 ! chemical compound created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-11T03:58:55Z [Term] id: MIRO:10000172 name: bensultap def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39188 is_a: MIRO:10000159 ! nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agontist/antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000173 name: cartap def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3436 is_a: MIRO:10000159 ! nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agontist/antagonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000174 name: allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor def: "A chemical substance which acts as allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000175 name: spinosad def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39211 is_a: MIRO:10000174 ! allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [Term] id: MIRO:10000176 name: chloride channel activator def: "A chemical substance which activates chloride channels." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000177 name: avermectin and milbemycin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39213 is_a: MIRO:10000176 ! chloride channel activator [Term] id: MIRO:10000178 name: abamectin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39214 is_a: MIRO:10000177 ! avermectin and milbemycin [Term] id: MIRO:10000179 name: emamectin benzoate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39233 is_a: MIRO:10000177 ! avermectin and milbemycin [Term] id: MIRO:10000180 name: milbemectin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39225 is_a: MIRO:10000177 ! avermectin and milbemycin [Term] id: MIRO:10000181 name: juvenile hormone mimic def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:24942 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000030 ! growth inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000183 name: juvenile hormone analogue def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000181 ! juvenile hormone mimic [Term] id: MIRO:10000184 name: hydroprene def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39234 is_a: MIRO:10000183 ! juvenile hormone analogue [Term] id: MIRO:10000185 name: kinoprene def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39243 is_a: MIRO:10000183 ! juvenile hormone analogue [Term] id: MIRO:10000186 name: methoprene def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39255 is_a: MIRO:10000183 ! juvenile hormone analogue [Term] id: MIRO:10000188 name: fenoxycarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:5009 is_a: MIRO:10000181 ! juvenile hormone mimic [Term] id: MIRO:10000190 name: pyriproxyfen def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39260 is_a: MIRO:10000181 ! juvenile hormone mimic [Term] id: MIRO:10000191 name: fumigant def: "A chemical substance which acts as a fumigant." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39276 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000193 name: methyl bromide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39275 is_a: MIRO:10000191 ! fumigant [Term] id: MIRO:10000194 name: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000193 ! methyl bromide [Term] id: MIRO:10000196 name: chloropicrin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39285 is_a: MIRO:10000191 ! fumigant [Term] id: MIRO:10000198 name: sulfuryl fluoride def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39287 is_a: MIRO:10000191 ! fumigant [Term] id: MIRO:10000206 name: growth inhibitor sensu acarea def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000030 ! growth inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000208 name: clofentezine def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39315 is_a: MIRO:10000206 ! growth inhibitor sensu acarea [Term] id: MIRO:10000209 name: malaoxon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000065 ! malathion [Term] id: MIRO:10000210 name: hexythiazox def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39326 is_a: MIRO:10000206 ! growth inhibitor sensu acarea [Term] id: MIRO:10000211 name: chlorthion def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "chlorothion" EXACT [] is_a: MIRO:10000031 ! organophosphate [Term] id: MIRO:10000212 name: etoxazole def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39329 is_a: MIRO:10000206 ! growth inhibitor sensu acarea [Term] id: MIRO:10000213 name: insect midgut membranes disruptor def: "A chemical substance which disrupts insect midgut membranes." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000214 name: Bacillus thurigiensis toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "Bt toxin" EXACT [] is_a: MIRO:10000213 ! insect midgut membranes disruptor created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-03-13T10:56:22Z [Term] id: MIRO:10000215 name: Bacillus thurigiensis var. israelensis toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "Bti" EXACT [] is_a: MIRO:10000214 ! Bacillus thurigiensis toxin [Term] id: MIRO:10000217 name: Bacillus thurigiensis var. sphaericus toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000214 ! Bacillus thurigiensis toxin [Term] id: MIRO:10000219 name: Bacillus thurigiensis var. aizawai toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000214 ! Bacillus thurigiensis toxin [Term] id: MIRO:10000221 name: Bacillus thurigiensis var. kurstaki toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000214 ! Bacillus thurigiensis toxin [Term] id: MIRO:10000223 name: Bacillus thurigiensis var. tenebrionensis toxin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000214 ! Bacillus thurigiensis toxin [Term] id: MIRO:10000224 name: oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation." [PT:PT] synonym: "disruption of ATP formation" EXACT [] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000226 name: diafenthiuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39299 is_a: MIRO:10000224 ! oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000228 name: organotin miticide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39292 is_a: MIRO:10000224 ! oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000229 name: azocyclotin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2959 is_a: MIRO:10000228 ! organotin miticide [Term] id: MIRO:10000230 name: cyhexatin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:4036 is_a: MIRO:10000228 ! organotin miticide [Term] id: MIRO:10000231 name: fenbutatin oxide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39294 is_a: MIRO:10000228 ! organotin miticide [Term] id: MIRO:10000233 name: propargite def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39300 is_a: MIRO:10000224 ! oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000234 name: tetradifon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39330 is_a: MIRO:10000224 ! oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000235 name: chloropropylate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39411 is_a: MIRO:10000224 ! oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000236 name: uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation def: "A chemical substance which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000237 name: chlorfenapyr def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39347 is_a: MIRO:10000236 ! uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation [Term] id: MIRO:10000238 name: DNOC def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] synonym: "4,6-dinitro-o-cresol" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:39349 is_a: MIRO:10000236 ! uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation [Term] id: MIRO:10000241 name: benzoylurea def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38494 is_a: MIRO:10000001 ! chitin biosynthesis inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000242 name: chlorfluazuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39370 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000243 name: diflubenzuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34703 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000244 name: fluazuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39374 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000245 name: flucycloxuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39375 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000246 name: flufenoxuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39382 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000247 name: hexaflumuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39383 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000248 name: lufenuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39384 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000249 name: novaluron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39385 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000250 name: noviflumuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39386 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000251 name: teflubenzuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39387 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000252 name: triflumuron def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:39388 is_a: MIRO:10000241 ! benzoylurea [Term] id: MIRO:10000254 name: buprofezin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:3218 is_a: MIRO:10000001 ! chitin biosynthesis inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000255 name: moulting disruptor in Diptera def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000101 ! moulting disruptor [Term] id: MIRO:10000256 name: cyromazine def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:30260 is_a: MIRO:10000255 ! moulting disruptor in Diptera [Term] id: MIRO:10000257 name: moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38456 is_a: MIRO:10000101 ! moulting disruptor [Term] id: MIRO:10000259 name: chromafenozide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38450 is_a: MIRO:10000257 ! moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000260 name: halofenozide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38451 is_a: MIRO:10000257 ! moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000261 name: methoxyfenozide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38449 is_a: MIRO:10000257 ! moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000262 name: tebufenozide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38452 is_a: MIRO:10000257 ! moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000264 name: azadirachtin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38473 is_a: MIRO:10000257 ! moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000265 name: octopaminergic agonist def: "A chemical substance which acts as octopaminergic agonist." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000266 name: amitraz def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2665 is_a: MIRO:10000265 ! octopaminergic agonist [Term] id: MIRO:10000267 name: mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex III electron transport chain." [PT:PT] synonym: "inhibition of coupling site II" EXACT [] xref: CHEBI:25355 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000269 name: hydramethylnon def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:2630 is_a: MIRO:10000267 ! mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000271 name: acequinocyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38592 is_a: MIRO:10000267 ! mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000273 name: fluacrypyrim def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38591 is_a: MIRO:10000267 ! mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000274 name: mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex I electron transport chain." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000275 name: fenazaquin def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38593 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000276 name: fenpyroximate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:5011 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000277 name: pyrimidifen def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38604 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000278 name: pyridaben def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38626 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000279 name: tebufenpyrad def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:9422 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000280 name: tolfenpyrad def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38628 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000281 name: rotenone def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:28201 is_a: MIRO:10000274 ! mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000282 name: voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker def: "A chemical substance which blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38634 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000283 name: indoxacarb def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38630 is_a: MIRO:10000282 ! voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker [Term] id: MIRO:10000284 name: lipid synthesis inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits lipid synthesis." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000285 name: tetronic acid derivative def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:33755 is_a: MIRO:10000284 ! lipid synthesis inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000286 name: spirodiclofen def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38639 is_a: MIRO:10000285 ! tetronic acid derivative [Term] id: MIRO:10000287 name: spiromesifen def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38640 is_a: MIRO:10000285 ! tetronic acid derivative [Term] id: MIRO:10000288 name: mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex IV electron transport chain." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38500 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000289 name: spirotetramat def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000285 ! tetronic acid derivative [Term] id: MIRO:10000290 name: aluminium phosphide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38495 is_a: MIRO:10000288 ! mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000292 name: cyanide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:17514 is_a: MIRO:10000288 ! mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000294 name: phosphine def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:35883 is_a: MIRO:10000288 ! mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000295 name: neuronal inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000296 name: bifenazate def: "A chemical substance which is able to kill insects." [PT:PT] is_a: MIRO:10000295 ! neuronal inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000297 name: aconitase inhibitor def: "A chemical substance which inhibits aconitase." [PT:PT] xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000298 name: fluoroacetate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:18172 is_a: MIRO:10000297 ! aconitase inhibitor [Term] id: MIRO:10000306 name: ryanodine receptor modulator def: "A chemical substance which modulates ryanodine receptor." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38809 xref: IRAC:eClassification "http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/" is_a: MIRO:10000169 ! active substance [Term] id: MIRO:10000307 name: flubendiamide def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38798 is_a: MIRO:10000306 ! ryanodine receptor modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000310 name: benzoximate def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38813 is_a: MIRO:10000306 ! ryanodine receptor modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000312 name: chinomethionat def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34620 is_a: MIRO:10000306 ! ryanodine receptor modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000314 name: dicofol def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:34692 is_a: MIRO:10000306 ! ryanodine receptor modulator [Term] id: MIRO:10000316 name: pyridalyl def: "A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide." [PT:PT] xref: CHEBI:38887 is_a: MIRO:10000306 ! ryanodine receptor modulator [Term] id: MOSBP:0000000 name: mating def: "The sequence of events that begins with the response of one individual to another of opposite sex and ends with insemination and parting. Mating often is proceded by swarming or other forms of epigamic behaviour." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000003 name: flight orientation def: "The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000100 ! flight [Term] id: MOSBP:0000005 name: adult feeding behaviour def: "Two modes of feeding have been distinguished in male mosquitoes and one additional mode in females: water ingestion, nectar feeding and, for females only, blood feeding." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Important aspects of the feeding behaviour of any mosquito species include (i) the identity of the vertebrate species on which it feeds in nature, (ii) whether its host range is restricted or unrestricted, (iii) the quantitative distribution of its feeds between host species in particular localities. is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000006 name: water ingestion def: "A small volume of water is imbibed and passed into the midgut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000186 ! food ingestion relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000008 name: blood intake def: "A mode of feeding by females, in which the fascicle is deployed beyond the labella to penetrate the skin of the host, and a large volume of blood is imbibed and passed into the midgut. Blood feeding can be divided into four phases." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Experimental evidence led to the conclusion that the act of blood feeding itself is critically important for the initiation of ovarian development, causing the pulsed release of head factors that stimulate ovarian protein synthesis and increase the capacity for vitellogenin uptake. synonym: "hematophagy" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000186 ! food ingestion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000009 name: exploratory phase def: "The first phase of the blood feeding; from time of alighting on the host to the time the stylets start to penetrate the skin." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000079 ! phase of supplementary feeding is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000023 ! interrupted feeding relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000063 ! single feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000010 name: probing phase def: "The second phase of the blood feeding; from first penetration of the skin to the first appearance of blood in the fascicle and cessation of palpal vibrations." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000079 ! phase of supplementary feeding is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000023 ! interrupted feeding relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000063 ! single feeding relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000037 ! exploration and examination of the body surface [Term] id: MOSBP:0000011 name: imbibing phase def: "The third phase of the blood feeding; from first appearance of blood in the fascicle to the start of withdrawal." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000079 ! phase of supplementary feeding is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000023 ! interrupted feeding relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000063 ! single feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000012 name: withdrawal phase def: "The fourth phase of the blood feeding; from first straightening of the forelegs to complete removal of the stylets from the skin." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000079 ! phase of supplementary feeding is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000023 ! interrupted feeding relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000063 ! single feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000017 name: mixed meal def: "A meal acquired from two or more hosts, which may have been of the same species (single-species mixed meal) or different species (multi-species mixed meal)." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000023 ! interrupted feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000019 name: simple meal def: "A blood meal resulting from a single feed. It may be complete or, as a result of interruption, incomplete." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000063 ! single feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000020 name: supplementary meal def: "A second, third or yet further blood meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle through supplementary feeding." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000024 ! supplementary feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000022 name: multiple feeding def: "During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes more than one blood meal. Multiple feeding involves multiple host contacts." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000023 name: interrupted feeding def: "Acquisition of a blood meal in two or more parts, the mosquito having left its host while only partly fed, due to disturbance, and having resumed feeding soon afterwards on the same or another host." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000022 ! multiple feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000024 name: supplementary feeding def: "Acquisition of additional blood meals after the first during a single gonotrophic cycle, independently of interruption due to disturbance, the feedings being separated by intervals of several hours to a day or more." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000022 ! multiple feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000026 name: regulation of food intake in adults def: "The control of feeding and distribution of food within the gut by integrated responses of the peripheral sensilla, central nervous system and, probably, the stomatogastric system. Feeding generally terminates in response to mechanical stimulation caused by swelling of the gut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000228 ! adult nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000027 name: regulation of sugar intake def: "The regulation of the sugar intake in mosquitoes using chemosensilla and sugar receptors." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000026 ! regulation of food intake in adults [Term] id: MOSBP:0000028 name: regulation of destination and volume def: "When mosquitoes drink, two control processes are involved: one regulates the destination of the fluid the other regulates the volume that is imbibed." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000026 ! regulation of food intake in adults [Term] id: MOSBP:0000029 name: regulation of blood intake def: "Female mosquitoes gorge on blood when it is applied by capillary tube to the unsheathed fascicle or offered through an artificial membrane. Whether stimulation of just the larbal sensilla with blood is sufficient to induce drinking is not known, but certainly stimulation of both larbal and cibarial sensilla is sufficient." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000026 ! regulation of food intake in adults [Term] id: MOSBP:0000030 name: host seeking def: "The sequence of behaviour patterns exhibited by mosquitoes responding to hosts over a distance. Host-seeking behaviour terminates once feeding is initiated and blood ingestion begins. For each species, host-finding activity is exhibited during one or more periods in the diel." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000031 name: activation def: "Activation is the first response to host cues; it is the initial response in a sequence of behaviours that ends with arrival at the host." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Mosquitoes can be activated by host cues at any time. Un-fed, resting females of some species will attack at any hour if disturbed in their shelters by intrusion of a host or stimulated by odour from a nearby host. Such opportunistic biting has been observed in nocturnal mosquitoes disturbed by day. The activation step is readily observed in the laboratory but has seldom been described from the field. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000030 ! host seeking [Term] id: MOSBP:0000032 name: long-range approach def: "The navigation of the mosquitoes towards potential hosts through their responses to a variety of cues emanating from them. Some host cues are chemical and others are physical." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "long range orientation" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000030 ! host seeking [Term] id: MOSBP:0000033 name: pre-attack resting def: "The resting of females in their host's proximity after they had approached them and before making a final approach and feeding." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: This phenomenon is been described in some members of the Leucosphyrus Subgroup, in Anopheles dirus, in Anopheles gambie, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000030 ! host seeking [Term] id: MOSBP:0000034 name: short-range approach, alighting and exploration def: "The short-range approach to the host is assumed to start when cues other than host odour are first perceived by the mosquito.\nThe final stage of host finding; it comprises four steps." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: This phase of host finding may follow a long-range approach or, if arrival of a host avtivates a resting mosquito, it may start immediately after activation. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000030 ! host seeking relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach [Term] id: MOSBP:0000035 name: short-range approach to the host def: "The first step of short-range approach, alighting and exploration; from the perception of cues by the mosquito to the approach of the host." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Is assumed to start when cues other than host odour are first perceived by the mosquito. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000034 ! short-range approach, alighting and exploration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000036 name: descent to the body surface and alighting def: "The second step of the short-range approach, alighting and exploration." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Except in total darkness, visual responces may govern the final stage of flight into the presence of a potential host, but additional stimuli may be required before the mosquito alights on the host. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000034 ! short-range approach, alighting and exploration relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000035 ! short-range approach to the host [Term] id: MOSBP:0000037 name: exploration and examination of the body surface def: "In this step the mosquito walks over the body, rapidly tapping the surface with its labella, and it may fly from one body region to another in order to find a region of vascularized skin into which it can drive its stylets." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000034 ! short-range approach, alighting and exploration relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000036 ! descent to the body surface and alighting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000038 name: digestion of food def: "The digestion of blood and nectar. The midgut is the principal organ of digestion, but dissaccharides ingested in nectar are at least partly hydrolysed in the crop by a salivary enzyme." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000228 ! adult nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000039 name: rythmic process def: "Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism." [GO:0048511] xref: GO:0048511 is_a: MOSBP:0000178 ! behavioural process created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-14T10:59:02Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000040 name: regulation of digestive enzyme synthesis def: "The regulation of enzyme synthesis by the presence of blood in the midgut or not." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food [Term] id: MOSBP:0000041 name: cleavage by proteases def: "Protein molecules are cleaved into large peptides by proteinases (also called endopeptidases)." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000073 ! protein catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000042 name: cleavage by peptidases def: "The large peptides are progressively shortened by peptidases (more specifically called exopeptidases)." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000073 ! protein catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000044 name: absorption of the products of digestion def: "For the female: digestion of blood proteins yields amino acids which are reconstituted in the mosquito's fat body as proteinaceous yolk. This is important for oogenesis.\nFor both sexes: Plant juices provide an important energy source. They are the only food sources for males." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000093 ! production of digestive enzymes [Term] id: MOSBP:0000045 name: formation of peritrophic matrix def: "The formation of a membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "formation of peritrophic membrane" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food [Term] id: MOSBP:0000046 name: vitellogenesis def: "The process of yolk formation." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000047 name: vitellogenin synthesis def: "The formation of vitellogenin in the fat body. It is synthesized first as precursors which undergo proteolytic cleavage into two or more subunits." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Vitellogenin was first detected by immunofluorescence onr hour after feeding, and vitellogenin seretion granules were observed at the cell membrane within three hours. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000046 ! vitellogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000048 name: copulation def: "The act of sexual intercourse, during which the genitalia are engaged and the aedeagus inserted, and semen is passed to the female. It usually lasts a few seconds." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: In some species the process of copulation may last for many minutes. synonym: "coitus" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "sexual union" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000049 name: internalization of vitellogenin def: "Developing oocytes accumulate proteinaceous yolk by internalizing large amounts of circulating vitellogenin." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000046 ! vitellogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000050 name: coupling def: "The events that occur when a male first responds to a female, seizing her and establishing genital contact. Copulation and insemination may or may not be achieved." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000052 name: excretion def: "The processes that rid the mosquito body of unwanted substances and ensure homeostasis of the hemolymph under conditions of water and salt loading." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: This term is used in two senses: broadly, for all eliminatory processes apart from defaecation, and more narrowly for the elimination of nitrogenous compounds. is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000053 name: diuresis def: "The rapid production of urine containing principally water and salts." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000192 ! adult excretion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000054 name: secretion of tubular fluid def: "The release of the unmodified secretion of the Malpighiann tubules." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000053 ! diuresis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000055 name: excretion of tubular fluid def: "The tubular fluid is expelled as urine. Tubular fluids are the unmodified secretion of the Malpighian tubules." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000053 ! diuresis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000056 name: resorption of tubular fluid def: "The tubular fluid enters the pylorus from where some may be move forwards for resorption in the midgut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000055 ! excretion of tubular fluid [Term] id: MOSBP:0000057 name: production of urine def: "The portion of the tubular fluid that is not absorbed in the hindgut and is moved posteriorly to the rectum where it is modified producing urine." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000055 ! excretion of tubular fluid [Term] id: MOSBP:0000058 name: urine def: "The completed excretory fluid as discharged to the exterior." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000057 ! production of urine [Term] id: MOSBP:0000059 name: voiding of nitrogenous wastes def: "During the first day after feeding, deamination of amino acids produces excess nitrogen which is voided in the form of low molecular weight nitrogenous metabolites." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000192 ! adult excretion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000060 name: excreta def: "Nitrogenous waste including uric acid, urea and ammonium ion, usually discharged in a semi-solid state but sometimes in the urine." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000059 ! voiding of nitrogenous wastes [Term] id: MOSBP:0000061 name: defaecation def: "The processes that rid the mosquito body of undigested food residues and other discarded products of the midgut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Excretion and defaecation can be distinguished visually because the excreta, coloured white or pale yellow by the uric acid, appear first and the dark brown or black faeces, coloured by haematin, appear later; however, there is some overlap. is_a: MOSBP:0000192 ! adult excretion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000062 name: faeces def: "Undigested food residues and other discarded products of the midgut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000061 ! defaecation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000063 name: single feeding def: "During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes only one blood meal." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000064 name: adult drinking def: "The fluid intake due to the activity of the cibarial and pharyngeal pumps." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000112 ! nectar intake [Term] id: MOSBP:0000066 name: labellar response def: "The separation of the labellar lobes following stimulation by sugar of sensilla on the outer surface of the labella." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000360 ! response to sugar solution relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000112 ! nectar intake [Term] id: MOSBP:0000068 name: proboscis response def: "The searching movements made with the proboscis when the tarsi are stimulated by sugar." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000360 ! response to sugar solution relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000112 ! nectar intake [Term] id: MOSBP:0000069 name: fertilization def: "The union of male and female gametes and formation of a zygote." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000070 name: aerobic glycolysis def: "The major pathway by which carbohydrates are degraded in insects for energy release." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000074 ! carbohydrate catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000071 name: b-oxidation def: "The energy contained within fatty acid molecules is made available by b-oxidation of the fatty acid." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000075 ! lipid catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000072 name: receptor-mediated endocytosis def: "The vitellogenin molecules bind to vitellogenin receptors located in coated pits on the oolemma and become internalized when the pits bud-off to form coated vesicles." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000049 ! internalization of vitellogenin [Term] id: MOSBP:0000073 name: protein catabolism def: "The breakdown into simpler components of a protein." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000639 ! catabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000074 name: carbohydrate catabolism def: "The hydrolysis of the carbohydrates that are contained in the mosquito's meal." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000639 ! catabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000075 name: lipid catabolism def: "The hydrolysis of lipids of mosquitoes' meals by specific enzymes." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000639 ! catabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000076 name: cleavage by serine proteases def: "The hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a class of peptidases which are characterised by the presence of a serine residue in the active center of the enzyme." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000041 ! cleavage by proteases [Term] id: MOSBP:0000077 name: cleavage by esterases def: "The cleavage of the lipids that are contained in mosquitoes' meal by enzymes, such as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases, arylesterases, that are present in the midgut of adult female mosquitoes." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000075 ! lipid catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000078 name: cleavage by carbohydrases def: "The cleavage of glycosidic linkages by specific enzymes, carbohydrases." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000074 ! carbohydrate catabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000079 name: phase of supplementary feeding def: "The steps of a second, third or yet further meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000024 ! supplementary feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000082 name: sugar feeding def: "The feeding on sugar." [XOX:XOXO] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour created_by: elvira creation_date: 2008-03-25T11:24:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000083 name: coupling is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000266 ! reception of physical stimuli created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-08T09:28:28Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000084 name: restricted feeding behaviour def: "Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on a few host species only, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000085 name: retraction of peritrophic matrix def: "In both culicines and anophelines, peritrophic membrane that is secreted in the enterior midgut slowly retracts and twists, forming a plug between the anterior medgut and stomach. A similar plug forms between the stomach and hindgut." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "retraction of peritrophic membrane" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000045 ! formation of peritrophic matrix [Term] id: MOSBP:0000086 name: response to toxin def: "A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus." [GO:0009636] synonym: "detoxification response" NARROW [] synonym: "toxin resistance" RELATED [] synonym: "toxin susceptibility/resistance" RELATED [] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-12-11T10:53:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000087 name: secretion of peritrophic matrix in adults def: "All midgut columnal cells secrete the substance of the membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "secretion of peritrophic membrane in adults" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000045 ! formation of peritrophic matrix [Term] id: MOSBP:0000088 name: secretion of peritrophic matrix in larvae def: "The membrane is secreted by a narrow band of cells at the anterior end of the mindgut and is formed as a continuous tube." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "secretion of peritrophic membrane in larvae" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000229 ! larval nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000089 name: collecting def: "Is the feeding mode most common used by mosquito larvae." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000091 name: distention of midgut def: "Immediately after feeding the midgut is hugely distended and for the next hour it is engaged in diuresis." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food [Term] id: MOSBP:0000092 name: organelle synthesis in midgut cells def: "A few hours after the distention of mindgut a phase of organelle synthesis occurs when additional ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are synthesized and organized." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000091 ! distention of midgut [Term] id: MOSBP:0000093 name: production of digestive enzymes def: "After the organelle synthesis it follows a phase of production of digestive enzymes and absorption of the products of digestion." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000038 ! digestion of food relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000092 ! organelle synthesis in midgut cells [Term] id: MOSBP:0000094 name: insemination def: "In culicines, the deposition of spermatozoa and secretions of the male accessory glands in the female's bursa inseminalis and the subsequent passage of spermatozoa into one or more spermathecal capsules. In anophelines, the transfer of sperm into the female's spermathecal duct (probably), and deposition of a mating plug in the vagina." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000324 ! sexual refractoriness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000095 name: assembly in station-keeping swarm def: "The males of a number of diptera taxa aggregate in aerials swarms over conspicuous objects or 'swarm markers'. Conspecific females individually fly to these swarms, but little is known of the responses that take them there. At the assembly stations where male and female insects meet, the females usually are recognized by vision, and among insects that form aerial swarms the eyes of the male are specially developed." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Among some families of Culicimorpha, including the Culicidae, the eyes of males are not especially developed but certain auditory organs are, and the detection of females depends upon hearing. In these flies, the verticillate antennae and highly developed Johnston's organs mediate a sensitivity to the flight tone of conspecific females.\nStation-keeping swarms are formed by the members of certain families of Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, and to a lesser extend by representatives of the Hymenoptera and a few other insect orders. The assembly station is attended by both sexes, but usually the males fly there for long periods whareas the females remain only long enough to mate(Sivinski amd Petersson, 1997). is_a: MOSBP:0000099 ! formation of assembly is_a: MOSBP:0000309 ! hearing response during mating is_a: MOSBP:0000311 ! response to visual stimulus during mating relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000325 ! swarming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000096 name: formation of assembly near vertebrate host def: "Males of a number of species of Aedes and Mansonia assemble around the warm-blooded hosts on which the females feed, and attempt to couple with virgin females that also respond to the host." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: These males have a well developed Johnston's organ, and it is likely that in most of these species the females' wing tone is an important cue for the final orientation of males to a female.\nWe may note here the assembly of males at the feeding site of a non-blood-sucking mosquito. Females of the autogenous species Malaya leei hover over a procession of ants on a tree trunk and, from time to time, settle to obtain regutgitated fluid from an ant. Males often appeared behind the hovering females and mated with them , completing the act within few seconds. is_a: MOSBP:0000099 ! formation of assembly is_a: MOSBP:0000309 ! hearing response during mating relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000325 ! swarming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000097 name: formation of assembly at emergence site def: "In a few species, sexually mature males aggregate at the emergence sites, congregating on or near the water surface. Depending on species, they respond to pupae, to emerging females, to newly emerged females or to teneral females. In most of these species the male antennae are modified. Such males do not respond to the female wing-beat tone. In species in which respond to pupae, the male forelegs are modified. In all of these species, the males beome sexually competent only after inversion of their terminalia, which takes a period of hours, but females are sexually receptive at the time of emergence." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Species that exhibit this kind of behaviour are, Opifex fuscus, Deinocerites cancer, Culiseta inornata, and the genuses Aedes and Psorophora. is_a: MOSBP:0000099 ! formation of assembly relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000325 ! swarming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000099 name: formation of assembly def: "The process of gathering at different sites as part of the mating process." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000307 ! senses and flight response during mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000100 name: flight def: "The movement of adult mosquitoes in the air." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Little is known about the mosquito aerodynamics, but there is a wealth of information on the behavioural responses of flying mosquitoes and the role of flight in mosquito biology. is_a: MOSBP:0000638 ! adult locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000101 name: response to chemical cue def: "The chemical stimuli are organic and inorganic constituents of host odour. Mosquitos respond to some of these kairomones at a distance from the host as they are carried by the wind, and they respond to some at very short range as they are carried in convection currents." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach [Term] id: MOSBP:0000102 name: response of flying mosquito to visible object def: "The insect's natural habitat can evoke a response because of the produced visual images." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000377 ! response to visual stimuli relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000100 ! flight [Term] id: MOSBP:0000103 name: response to isolated object def: "Mosquitoes variably approach or avoid visible objects. The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000102 ! response of flying mosquito to visible object [Term] id: MOSBP:0000104 name: response to barrier and boundary def: "Mosquitoes (night-flying) may alter their flight paths when confronted with barriers, even when the barriers contain apertures large enough for their passage. Observations showed associations between mosquito flight paths and conspicuous features of the landscape." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000102 ! response of flying mosquito to visible object [Term] id: MOSBP:0000105 name: flight capacity def: "Mosquitoes species differ in flight capacity, but to speak of an individual species flight range is incorrect because the distances are greatly affected by weather conditions (i.e. wind) and ecological variables." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000108 name: migration def: "Is a persistent and straightened-out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation on a vehicle such as wind. Migration depends on some temporary inhibiotion of station-keeping responses, but promotes their eventual disinhibition and recurrence." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000109 name: persistent locomotion def: "Continuous flight." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000100 ! flight [Term] id: MOSBP:0000112 name: nectar intake def: "The steps needed for the intake of nectar and other plant sources." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000186 ! food ingestion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000113 name: sugar metabolism def: "Feeding on nectar and other plant juices provides an immediate energy source and permits the formation of carbohydrate and lipid reserves." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000502 ! feeding on plant sugar [Term] id: MOSBP:0000114 name: formation of carbohydrate and lipid reserves def: "Feeding on sugar, and, for females, on blood, leads to accumulations of fat and glycogen." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Experiments with females of Aedes sollicitans, Aedes taeniorhynchus and Aedes aegypti shoed that a hormonal mechanism determined wether ingested sugar was converted to glycogen or fat. Females of Aedes sollicitans that ingested a large bloodmeal after a period of starvation fully replenished their stores of glycogen and triacylglycerol. is_a: MOSBP:0000113 ! sugar metabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000115 name: release and conservation of energy from sugar def: "Three major processes are involved in the release of energy from sugars: (i) glycolysis, which ends in the production of pyruvate; (ii) oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; and (iii) further oxidation in the respiratory chain (oxidative phosphorylation)." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000113 ! sugar metabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000116 name: accumulation and use of the carbohydrate and lipid reserve def: "The carbohydrate and lipid reserves present in most mosquitoes at emergence are insufficient for more than a few days' life and, for all males and the females of many species, must be replenished by feeding on plant sugars. A portion of the digestion products from blood meals in converted to glycogen and lipids, the proportion varying with species and with size of female." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: It has been suggested that some anophelines use the first blood meal primarily for the synthesis of maternal reserves. Sufficient is known to indicate that in general the metabolic pathways of culicids conform with those of other insects. is_a: MOSBP:0000113 ! sugar metabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000117 name: process of oogenesis def: "The oogonia in the end chamber or germanium become differentiated into oocytes and nurse cells. As the oocytes move backwards they become surrounded by the follicle cells of somatic origin, which compose the hind part of the germarium, and each oocyte in its follicle forms an egg chamber of the vitellarium. As the oocyte grows the cells finally arrange themselves in a single layer." [ISBN:0-41211-490-9, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000118 name: formation of ovarian follicles def: "During mosquito embryogenesis pole cells form after cleavage energids have entered the posterior periplasm with its polar granules. The pole mirgrate in to two groups and settled in the 6th abdominal segment, where they become surrounded by mesodermal sheaths and form the gonad rudiments. The pole cells are now called primordial germ cells. By the 4th larval instar the ovaries are already distinct and contain cell clusters within a matrix of smaller cells, the interstitial tissue. By the early pupal stage each ovary has reformed into a group of ovarioles. Later in the pupal stage each ovariole differentiate into a germarium amd a vitellarium compromising one, two or even three ovarian follicles." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000119 name: response to oviposition-aggregation pheromone def: "Gravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx tarsalis oviposit preferentially on water where already egg rafts have been laid." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Similar apical droplets have been described from a number of species of Culex, Culiseta, Uranotaenia that lay their eggs in rafts. In Culex, apical droplets are known from pipiens, quinquefasciatus, stigmatosoma, tarsalis and erythrothorax of subgenus Culex and from apicalis of subgenus Neoculex. In Culiseta they are known from annulata and incidens of subgenus Culiseta, and longiareolata of subgenus Allotheobaldia. In Uranotaenia they are known from anhydor of subgenus Pseudoficalbia. Chemical analysis revealed the oviposition aggregation pheromone of Culex quinquefasciatus to be the (-)-(5R,6S) stereoisomer of the fatty-acid lactone 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide. is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000120 name: previtellogenic phase def: "The period during which follicles separate from the germania, cell types become visibly distinct , the oocytes become competent to incorporate vitellogenin, and a little growth occurs prior to entry into a resting stage." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000336 ! ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. [Term] id: MOSBP:0000121 name: initiation phase def: "The few hours immediately after a blood meal when follicle growth recommences, with the formation of additional microvilli and coated pits, and vitellogenin synthesis starts." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000336 ! ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. [Term] id: MOSBP:0000122 name: trophic phase def: "The main period of vitellogenin synthesis and incorporation with rapid oocyte growth, ending with the cessation of vitellogenin synthesis and formation of an intact endochorionic layer between oocyte and epithelial cells." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000336 ! ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. [Term] id: MOSBP:0000123 name: post-trophic phase def: "When the oocyte assumes its mature form and becomes surrounded by an unhardened chorion." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000336 ! ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. [Term] id: MOSBP:0000124 name: rRNA synthesis in oocyte and nurse cells def: "Histochemical studies combined with the use of radioactive tracers and electron microscopy have largely confirmed that there is active synthesis and emission of RNA from the nucleus, and thence from the nucleus of the oocyte to the cytoplasm. Some of the proteins of the egg are synthetized in the nurse cells and follicular cells." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: This process is seen in Aedes. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000441 ! process of ovulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000125 name: follicle growth and development def: "The process of the four developmental phases, from the primary follicles to the mature form of the oocyte." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The four phases are: (1) prvitellogenic phase, (2) initiation phase, (3) trophic phase and (4) post-trophic phase. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000126 name: chorion formation def: "The chorion is the part of the egg shell that is secreted before oviposition by the follicular epithelium, a maternal tissue." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000127 name: secretion of the chorion def: "Secretion occurs in two phases and results in formation of the two layers of the chorion, the endochorion and exochorion. Use of the terms 'vitelline membrane' or 'vitelline envelope' for the endochorion is inappropriate." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000126 ! chorion formation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000128 name: hardening and darkening of the chorion def: "At oviposition the eggs are soft and white but within an hour the chorion begins to darken and harden. Colour development is uniform over the entire surface of the egg, and after 4h the egg shell looks black and is relatively firm. Superficially at least this process resembles sclerotization." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The definition concerns the eggs of Aedes aegytpi.\nUntanned chorions separated from newly laid eggs were colourless, but when chorions were isolated after they had hardened and darkened naturally , the endochorion appeared brownish-grey and the exochorion colourless. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000126 ! chorion formation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000129 name: synthesis of proteolytic enzymes def: "The synthesis of enzymes of the adult gut for protein digestion." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Proteolytic enzymes include: Trypsins, Chymotrypsin, Aminopeptidase. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part [Term] id: MOSBP:0000130 name: activation while ranging flight def: "Flying in the absense of resource cues." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000031 ! activation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000131 name: activation while settled on a support def: "Mosquitoes can be activated by host cues at any time. Unfed, resting females of some species will attack at any hour if disturbed in their shelters by intrusion of a host or stimulated by odour from a nearby host. Such opportunistic biting has been observed in nocturnal mosquitoes disturbed by day. The activation step is readily observed in the laboratory but has seldom been described from the field." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000031 ! activation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000132 name: take-off def: "If the stimulus is sight of a moving host, the activated mosquito, may fly directly to the host." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000131 ! activation while settled on a support [Term] id: MOSBP:0000133 name: sustained flight def: "If the stimulus is olfactory but there is no air movement, as can happen in the laboratory the response is kinetic, i.e an increase in flight speed or frequency of turning." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000131 ! activation while settled on a support [Term] id: MOSBP:0000144 name: response to expired breath def: "Known kairomones include carbon dioxide, octenol, lactic acid and water vapour. Carbon dioxide activates mosquitoes and is used in odour-mediated anemotaxis. Octenol and lactic acid act additively and possibly in some instances synergistically with carbon dioxide." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000101 ! response to chemical cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000145 name: response to the skin odours def: "Aliphatic acids and other unidentified products of the skin surface serve as kairomones. Certain constituents or hydrolytic products of urine possibly also serve as kairomone." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000101 ! response to chemical cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000146 name: response to thermal stimulus def: "Mosquitoes can detect heat transfer from vertebrate hosts over short distances, and the manner of heat transfer to which they respond is the subject of the section." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach [Term] id: MOSBP:0000147 name: response to visual cue def: "The role of vision in host finding may differ between day- and night- flying species. Mosquitoes respond to host movement. Night-flying mosquitoes that were beleived to be ranging flight would alter their heading to fly towards inanimate physical objects. Mosquitos is proved that reponse to the length of colour in simple shaped objects." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Little is known of the responses of mosquitoes to visual cues. is_a: MOSBP:0000102 ! response of flying mosquito to visible object relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach relationship: realized_by MOSBP:0000226 ! adult vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000148 name: response to aggregation volatile def: "Mosquitos have the ability to apprehend certain volatile host emanations in the air. Only if there is an air movement can they fly towards a distant odour source. If there is not an air movement the mosquitos are unable to orient themselves to the source of the volatiles." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach [Term] id: MOSBP:0000149 name: physiological process of malaria vector def: "Those processes are specifically unique to the functioning of intergrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, organisms." [http://www.reactome.org] is_a: IDOMAL:0001059 ! process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000150 name: muscular system process def: "The muscles of insects fall into two groups; the skeletal muscle forming bands across the articulations of the body wall, which serve to move one segment on another, and the visceral muscles which invest the internal organs." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000151 name: locomotion def: "The assortment of movements of the mosquito." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000150 ! muscular system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000152 name: walking def: "The insect rests during walking on a supporting triangle, formed by the anterior and posterior limb on one side and the middle limb on the other, while it carries forward the other three legs." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000638 ! adult locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000153 name: coordination of walking def: "The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia. The fore leg acts as a tractor; the middle leg serves for support, lifting the body on its own side and together with the hind leg raising the posterior part of the body; the hind leg acts as a propulsor and also turns the body in the horizontal plane. The three legs forming the tripod for a time being are not lifted simultaneously but in the order: i)fore-leg ii)opposite middle leg iii)hind-leg." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000152 ! walking [Term] id: MOSBP:0000154 name: pupal diving def: "In order to dive, a pupa must partialy strenghthen the abdomen an simultaneously make a backward movementof the trumpet which breaks a its contact with the surface." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000220 ! pupal locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000155 name: pupal swimming def: "Only the paddles, powered by the abdominal muscles, function as propulsive organs. The rest of the body has no locomotory function other tham balancing forces of the paddle stroke." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000220 ! pupal locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000156 name: larval crawling def: "Some larvae walk by means of their thoracic legs in the same manner as adult forms; but they are often aided by provisional modifications of the abdomen." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000598 ! larval locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000157 name: larval swimming def: "Larvae use their abdominal muscles to cause a lateral flexure of the abdomen. The massive abdominal muscles that provide the power for larval locomotion persist through the pupal and pharate-adult stages." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000598 ! larval locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000158 name: gliding def: "The movement of adult mosquitoes in the air currents. Defined as slowly falling at less than 45 degrees from the horizontal." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000100 ! flight [Term] id: MOSBP:0000159 name: equilibrium during flight def: "The lower Diptera (Tipulids) have long thin abdomens and long legs which probably ensure their stabilityduring flight. In higher forms (Muscids) their wings-beats create a resultant force which is equal to or greater than the weight of the insect." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: Studied only in the Diptera. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000100 ! flight [Term] id: MOSBP:0000162 name: speed of muscular response def: "The period between stimulus and contraction." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: IDOMAL:0000092 ! temporal region [Term] id: MOSBP:0000164 name: muscle contraction def: "An electrical stimulus of infinite duration must be of a certain threshold strength in order to produce a response in nerve or muscle. If the strength of stimulus is increased its duration may be shortened." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000150 ! muscular system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000165 name: nervous system process def: "The precise modulations of contractions of the individual muscles. When expressed together or in a specific sequence, these contractions embody the displacements in space that are interpreted as the expression of particular behaviors." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Little is known of the functional anatomy of the mosquito nervous system. is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000166 name: visceral nervous system def: "The part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, maintaining homeostasis in the body." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] synonym: "sympathetic nervous system" RELATED [] is_a: MOSBP:0000645 ! anatomical cluster relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000165 ! nervous system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000167 name: stomatogastric nervous system def: "Arises during embryonic development by an ingrowth from the dorsal wall of the stomodaeum which later requires connexion with the brain." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000644 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000166 ! visceral nervous system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000168 name: caudal sympathetic system def: "Innervates the sexual organs and the posterior seegments of the gut is composed of nerves arising from the composite terminal gaglion of the abdomen. The mid-gut, the heart and the Malpighian tubes show continued movements after separation from the central nervous system. The control of these movements is attributed to peripheral ganglion cells; and it has been suggested that it is this autonomous peripheral system that should be called the sympathetic nervous system." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000644 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000166 ! visceral nervous system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000169 name: endocrine system process def: "The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: Consists of: (i) modified nerve cells, (ii) neuro-haemal organs which are believed to serve as the sites at which the neurospecretory products escape into the blood-stream and (iii) independant organs of internal secretion derived from nests of cells which have been budded off the ectoderm in the region of the mouth part. is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000170 name: sensory perception def: "The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal." [GO:0007600] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000171 name: vision def: "The sense by which the qualities of an object (as color, luminosity, shape, and size) constituting its appearance are perceived through a process in which light rays entering the eye are transformed by the retina into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve." [http:www.nlm.nih.gov] synonym: "sight" RELATED [http:www.nlm.nih.gov] is_a: MOSBP:0000266 ! reception of physical stimuli [Term] id: MOSBP:0000172 name: unrestricted feeding behaviour def: "Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on wider range of hosts, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000173 name: hearing def: "The waves of air pressure which we recognize as sounds may be perceived by insects by two quite different mechanism. The antennae of mosquitoes are mechanosensory transducers which in flight respond to drag forces and to gravitational forces, and in which the males at least are also sensitive to sound waves. Organs of hearing convert the energy of sound waves into electrical signals, and in this way resemble microphones." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-412-40180-0, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000266 ! reception of physical stimuli [Term] id: MOSBP:0000174 name: response to chemical stimulus def: "A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus." [GO:0042221] synonym: "response to chemical substance" EXACT [] is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000175 name: response of gustatory sensilla def: "The perception of the qualities of sweet, sour, salt and bitter. Gustatory sensilla are uniporous hair or peg sensilla that respond to stimulating molecules in the liquid phase. In mosquitoes they are present on the legs and mouthparts, and the input from the various sensilla is intergrated centrally." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "taste" RELATED [] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000176 name: response of olfactory sensilla def: "The sense of smell in insects is located chiefly in the antennae. The olfactory sensilla of mosquitoes compromise multiporous hair and peg sensilla on the antennal flagella and multiporous peg sensilla on the maxillary palps." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The volitile compounds that have been tested for activity in these sensilla fall into 4 classes:\n1) Carbon Dioxide.\n2) Unsubstituted and substituded short-chain,aliphatic monocarboxylic acids.\n3) Essential oils.\n4) Attracttans. synonym: "smell" RELATED [] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000178 name: behavioural process def: "The analysis of the movements of the whole organism into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response. Behaviour is determined or at least influenced by the stimuli to which the sense organs are subjected." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000179 name: regulation of adult behaviour def: "It is found that the behavioural activities of adult mosquitoes take place at particular times of day and night, which vary between species and the timing is controlled by endogeous or so-called circadian rythms, which are reset daily by the change from light to dark at sunset." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000180 name: larval behavioural process def: "The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's larva into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000178 ! behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000181 name: pupal behavioural process def: "The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's pupa into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response." [ISBN:00412114909] is_a: MOSBP:0000178 ! behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000182 name: adult behavioural process def: "The analysis of the movements of the whole adult mosquito into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000178 ! behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000183 name: circulation def: "The circulation of the blood is maintained by a system of muscular pumps and fibro-muscular septa. The haemolymph has many functions. It provides the tissues that it bathes with nutrients and metabolic intermediates, and it provides a medium for the transport of their chemical wastes." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000184 name: nutrition def: "Oragnic material of almost every kind in nature serve as food for insects. The process of nutrition starts with the ingestion of food and ends with the digestion." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The reproductive capacity of female mosquitoes is affected by their nutrition in both the larval and adult stages. is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000185 name: saliva secretion def: "Is conducted mostly by the distal regions of the lateral lobes of the salivary gland. Median lobes played less part to the saliva secretion. The saliva that is injected as the mouthparts penetrate contains a substance that prevents haemostasis, the aggregation of blood platelets that is the host's firstdefence against the laceration of small blood vessels." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The saliva is also the source of immunogens that are responsible for the characteristic skin reactions to mosquito bites. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000228 ! adult nutrition relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000229 ! larval nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000186 name: food ingestion def: "The process of taking a substance into the body through the mouth." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000228 ! adult nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000187 name: respiration def: "The process with which oxygen is conveyed from the atmosphere to the tissues, and how the carbon dioxide resulting from oxidation in the tissues is eliminated." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000188 name: adult respiration def: "The intake of oxygen in the adult mosquito." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000187 ! respiration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000189 name: regulation of respiratory system def: "The regulation is done by pumping air by opening and closing spiracles." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: Studied in cockroach and flea. is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000187 ! respiration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000190 name: larval respiration def: "Larvae use an open respiratory system which impose limitations to the requirement for access to atmospheric oxygen. The mosquito larval tracheal system consist of two wide dorsal longitydinal trunks, two narrower lateral, and branches which run from them to all regions of the body." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: A pair of air sacs of unknown function is present near the junction of thorax and abdomen in certain species. is_a: MOSBP:0000187 ! respiration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000191 name: pupal respiration def: "The 1st abdominal spiracles open into the ventral air space, which is enclosed by the pupal mouthparts, wings and legs and which functions in pupal buoyancy." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Mosquito pupae are the only insects that have only the anterior thoracic and the anterior abdominal spiracles functional. Most of the outer surface of the respiratory trumpet is hydrophilic, but the spiracular opening is surrounded by a ring of hydrophobic cuticle against which water forms a contact angle. is_a: MOSBP:0000187 ! respiration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000192 name: adult excretion def: "The processes that rid the adult mosquito body of unwanted substances and ensure homeostasis of the hemolymph under conditions of water and salt loading." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000052 ! excretion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000193 name: larval excretion def: "The secretion and regulation of inorganic ions in larvae." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000052 ! excretion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000194 name: metabolic process def: "All the chemical changes which the constituents of the living body undergo. These changes serve two purposes, growth on the one hand and the performance of the work on the other." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] synonym: "metabolic process resulting in cell growth" NARROW [] synonym: "metabolism" EXACT [] synonym: "metabolism resulting in cell growth" EXACT [] xref: GO:0008152 is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000195 name: chemical transformation def: "Changes in chemical composition of the body." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000196 name: fat metabolism def: "Fat is the chief form in which energy is stored. It is usually present in greatest amounts in the mature larva before metamorphosis. At ordinary temperatures the fat may be a liquid oil or a crystalline solid." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000195 ! chemical transformation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000197 name: carbohydrate metabolism def: "Sugar in the blood and tissues is probably the most readily available source of energy. Carbonhydrate is stored mainly in the fat body, in the form of glycogen. Other carbonhydrates are chitin of the cuticle and the mucopolysaccharides of the connective tissues and basement membranes." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000195 ! chemical transformation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000198 name: protein metabolism def: "Proteins provide the chief structural elements of the muscles, glands and other tissues. A certain amount of protein is stored in the fat body and much is deaminated or converted into carbohydrate or fat and used for energy production." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000195 ! chemical transformation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000199 name: pigment metabolism def: "Metabolism of pigments is usually connected with physiological processes and stimulated by some abiotic and biotic factors. However, pigment metabolism may be affected by food, and in relation to selection, they may also be affected by stubstances polluting the environment, which thus indirectly help the propagation of dark forms." [http://globalecology.stanford.edu] comment: Blood pigments are relatively rare in insects and their function is usually accessory to tracheal respiration, so that their intoxication has limited effects on the insect organism. is_a: MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000200 name: respiratory metabolism def: "The rate at which processes of oxidation take place in the living body, varies within wide limits." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: The values recorded depend upon muscular activity, external temperature, tissue growth, and a host of other factors. is_a: MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000187 ! respiration [Term] id: MOSBP:0000201 name: reproduction def: "Bisexual; the egg cell liberated by the female will develop only after the fusion with the spermatozoal cell set free by the male. The reproduction's physiology deals with the arrangements for the separation and ripening of these male and female gametes, and with the mechanisms by which they are brought together." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000202 name: hormonal regulation def: "The hormonal involvement in the regulation of enzyme synthesis." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000040 ! regulation of digestive enzyme synthesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000203 name: adult energy metabolism def: "Energy metabolism starts when an insect ingests food, which supplies the fuel from which the chemical energy is liberated. Energy can be gained from lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins, but each one of these compounds cannot be used under every condition. The primary energy stores in insects are the fat body and the haemolymph." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0, ISBN:0-87081-411-7] is_a: MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000204 name: development def: "A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: a cell, tissue, organ, or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition." [GO:isa_complete] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000205 name: moulting def: "Primarily a mechanism of growth, conditioned by the properties of the cuticle. There are two aspects to the problem of moulting; i) the initiation of the process of the growth and cuticle ii) the determination of those changes in form that occur during ecdysis. Moulting involves all parts of the body, whether supplied with nerves or not, at the same time. Each moult can be considered as a sequence of events." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000204 ! development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000206 name: deposition of the new cuticle def: "Little is known of the structure of mosquito larval cuticle other than that the abdomen it consists of a two-layered corrugated epicuticle, a then exocuticle and an endocuticle of some five lamellae. Pore canals are present." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "formation of cuticle" RELATED [ISBN:0421401800] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000205 ! moulting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000207 name: hardening and darkening of cuticle def: "Three hours after larval-pupal ecdysis the epicuticle darkens. The outer seven lamellae of the procuticle which constitute the outer region of exocuticle darken shortly thereafter, and subsequently the epicuticle and outer exocuticle look like a single homogeneous layer. The colour of the pupal abdomen changes from white at ecdysis to grey after one hour and to dark brown after three hours." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000206 ! deposition of the new cuticle [Term] id: MOSBP:0000208 name: expansion of cuticle def: "Formation of pharate cuticle starts during the later stages of dissolution of the pupal cuticle. Seventeen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis small 3-layered plates are deposited just above the apical membrane of the epidermal cells, which bears minute microvilli at this stage. Addition of material at the edges of the plate leads to the formation of a continuous layer of outer epicuticle over the epidermal cells. By the pupal-adult ecdysis there are four lamellae." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000206 ! deposition of the new cuticle [Term] id: MOSBP:0000209 name: secretion of moulting fluid def: "Fifteen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis, apolysis starts. The epidermis separates from the pupal cuticle forming an apolysial space in which a small amount of apolysial fluid accumulates." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000205 ! moulting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000210 name: secretion of moulting hormone def: "The hormone from the neurosecretory cells of the brain activates the thoracic glands and causes them to secrete the moulting hormone. The thoracic glands requie the continued presence of the brain hormone until the \"critical period\", when mitosis has begun and there is an adequate supply of moulting hormone in the blood." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000205 ! moulting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000211 name: metamorphosis def: "A strikingly discontinuous change of form. The intermediate stages of development become apparent only under special circumstances. There are all degrees of such discontinuity.\nAs holometabolous insects mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis, developing through larval and pupal stages before reaching the adult state." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000204 ! development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000212 name: histological change def: "During moulting, even when unaccompanied by any striking change of form, there is much reconstruction in the epidermis. New cell divisions and the death and disolution of unwanted nuclei take place simultaneously." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000211 ! metamorphosis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000213 name: histolysis def: "At the present time it is agreed that there are great differences in different insects or in different organs of the same insect; and it is also agreed that the phagocytes are concerned only in removing cells which are already dead and in process of autolysis-although such cells may show little histological change." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] comment: Controversary term. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000211 ! metamorphosis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000214 name: diapause def: "Limiting growth factor in insects. The arrest is regarded as due to the temporary absense of the hormones necessary to maintain growth, or growth is inhibited by some chemical constituent accumulating in the body." [ISBN:0-412-11490-9] is_a: MOSBP:0000641 ! state [Term] id: MOSBP:0000215 name: sexual behaviour def: "During the first or second day after emergence, a mosquito undergoes behavioural maturation when, due to the action of hormones and other substances that act on the nervous system, it becomes competent in sexual behaviour." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000216 name: male sexual responsiveness def: "Male mosquitos become sexually responsive to flying conspecific females 12-36h after emergence, by which time their terminalia have inverted and their antennal fibrilae have become either permanenrly erect or capable of temporary erection." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000215 ! sexual behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000321 ! sexual responsiveness and refractoriness relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000413 ! regulation of sexual behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000218 name: female sexual refractoriness def: "Observations of the coupling of force-mated or tethered females suggested that refractoriness is expressed through altered responses of the female terminalia to genital contact. Even if coupling occurs, it does not result in sperm transfer." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000215 ! sexual behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000413 ! regulation of sexual behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000219 name: pre-oviposition behaviour def: "Is a form of foraging, and it includes responses to the environment at three hierarchical levels: the habitat, the patch or biotope, and the resource item." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process relationship: precedes MOSBP:0000568 ! egg laying behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000220 name: pupal locomotion def: "The pupae of almost all holometabolous insects are incapable of locomotion; instead the mosquito pupae swim and dive exceptionaly. Although they can swim strongly, they spend most of their time immobile at the water surface." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000151 ! locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000221 name: living at the water surface def: "Mosquito larvae have the usual internal organs of ion regulation and also they have four external balloon-like anal papillae, which are capable of ion uptake from very dilute solution. They are anatomically adapted for the specific characteristics of the water surface, notably the surface forces in the air-water interface. Mosquitoes (mostly Culidis) form part of the neuston-the assemblage of small to medium-sized organisms that live at the water surface." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Factors that characterize the water surface: (i)surface tension and (ii)surface film.\nAquatic insects which live immediately under the water surface have access to two major resources:\n(i) They can obtain direct access to the atmosphere for respiration.\n(ii) They are in the immediate vicinity of food. is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000222 name: taxis def: "The movements of the larvae that are oriented directly towards or directly away from stimuli. Prefixes denote the nature of the stimulus. A taxis is positive if directed towards the source, and negative if directed away from it." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000223 name: larval kinesis def: "Unoriented movements made in response to particular stimuli. The strength of the response is related to intensity of stimulation. Kineses can have prefixes that denote the nature of the stimulus." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000224 name: larval feeding behaviour def: "The characteristic food resource of mosquito larvae is 'particular matter'. This includes aquatic microorganisms, such as bacteria, diatoms and algae, and also, as an important component, particles of detritus that are largely derived from decayed plant tissues." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Divided into three activities:\n1)movement to a source of food.\n2)capture of food by behaviour appropriate to the food source.\n3)Coordination of the intricate mouthparts movements. is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000229 ! larval nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000225 name: grooming def: "Larvae groom themselves by working their mouthparts over accessible parts of the body surface. After their use in feeding and grooming, the mouthparts themselves need to be cleaned, and structures that serve that function are present at the posterior end of the abdomen of the most larvae." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: To groom the abdomen, larvae bend themselves into a loop. The body part that is most often cleaned is the spiracular opening of the respiratory siphon. is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000226 name: adult vision def: "Adult mosquitos have two accurate and sensitive compound eyes. They have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding in swarms. The compound eyes of the adult mosquito arise during the first larval instar as thickenings of the epidermis, called optic placodes, just anterior to the stemmata. The compound eyes of the mosquitoes have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding swarms." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Much remains to be discovered about connections between optic sensilla or ommatidia with the visual neuropiles in the optic lobes and the information from the neurons. is_a: MOSBP:0000171 ! vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000227 name: larval vision def: "Simple structures which differ from the ocelli or single-lens eyes present in the adults of most orders and in the larvae of most non-holometabolous orders of insects." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The larval visual organs are stemmata (lateral ocelli). is_a: MOSBP:0000171 ! vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000228 name: adult nutrition def: "Both sexes require plant juices as an energy source. Female mosquitoes imbibe blood to obtain protein for ovary development." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Toxorhynchitine females do NOT require blood for oogenesis. They feed only on plant juices. is_a: MOSBP:0000184 ! nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000229 name: larval nutrition def: "The uptake of food ranging from small particles to live invertebrates." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000184 ! nutrition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000230 name: blood feeding is_a: MOSBP:0000370 ! adult female feeding behaviour created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T07:16:04Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000231 name: collecting-filtering def: "Is the removal of particles suspended in the water column or associated with the water surface." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000089 ! collecting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000232 name: scraping def: "Is the removal and ingestion of the biofilm that abheres tightly to submerged plant and mineral surfaces, and also of the algae and stalked protists that adhere directly to such surfaces." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Larvae of Aedes exhibit this feeding mode in rock pools and it is probably more widespread. is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000233 name: shredding def: "The gnawing and biting-off of small fragments of tissue, whether from plantsor dead invertebrates." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Gnawing of leaves has been described in Culiseta inornata and Aedes triseriatus larvae. Culex bitaeniorhynchus larvae feed selectively on filamentous chlorophytes. Tripteroides use the shredding feeding mode and feed on dead invertebrates. is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000234 name: collecting-gathering def: "Is the resuspension and removal of particles deposited on or loosely attached to surfaces." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: It is found in many species of Aedes and in some species of Psorophora, Haemagogus and Wyeomyia. is_a: MOSBP:0000089 ! collecting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000235 name: predation def: "Some mosquito larvae seize and engulf other insects, and often of their own size. The prey is swallowed whole." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Is observed in larvae of Toxorhynchites and of the subgenera Lutzia (of Culex), Mucidus (of Aedes) and Psorophora. Also larvae of a number of sebatine genera are facultative predators, as are larvae of Eretmapodites. is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000236 name: larval drinking def: "Mosquito larvae imbibe substantial volumes of water when feeding and also drink extensively in the absence of food." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000238 name: post-peak phase def: "Declining flow rate of urine production." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000057 ! production of urine [Term] id: MOSBP:0000239 name: peak phase def: "Very rapid flow in the first minutes after the blood meal." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000057 ! production of urine [Term] id: MOSBP:0000240 name: late phase def: "When the flow rate is slightly above the control level." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000057 ! production of urine [Term] id: MOSBP:0000241 name: larval growth alt_id: MOSBP:0000237 def: "Mosquito larvae pass through four instars. Growth is continuous throughout each instar, as can be seen in the progressive increase in size of the body regions that are covered with thin cuticle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The heavily sclerotized parts of the body, the cranium and respiratory siphon , increase in size immediately after ecdysis but this is a manifestation of earlier growth processes. Growth of the soft parts is not always isometric. is_a: MOSBP:0000438 ! growth [Term] id: MOSBP:0000242 name: larval instar def: "Mosquito larvae pass through four instar. Each instar is a stage of development but also growth." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000438 ! growth [Term] id: MOSBP:0000243 name: apolysis def: "The retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000205 ! moulting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000244 name: ecdysis def: "The final stage of moulting. Shedding of what remains of the old cuticle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000205 ! moulting [Term] id: MOSBP:0000245 name: larval-larval ecdysis def: "The ecdysis between the four larval instars." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The epidermis can be seen to separate from the cuticle and to secrete new cuticle and bristles beneath it while the tracheal epithelium similarly retracts from the tracheal linings and secretes new cuticular lining around them. A mid-ventral ecdysial line is also found in many species. Movements of the head free it from the old cranium and the dorsal split extends back over the thorax so the peristaltic movements the larva is able to escape from the cast cuticle, sometimes in less than a minute. The old tracheal trunks have broken across just behind their connections to the non-functional spiracles in each segment. is_a: MOSBP:0000244 ! ecdysis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000246 name: larval-pupal ecdysis def: "The ecdysis between the larval and the pupal stage." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: This ecdysis is heralded by the appereance of the respiratory trumpets and palmate float setae of the pharate pupa as dark bodies beneath the larval cuticle. The larval trachea collapse at this time. The larval cuticle and tracheal linings are shed much as at previous ecdyses, and during this period the labial and maxillary palp disks are extruded from the peripodial cavities. is_a: MOSBP:0000244 ! ecdysis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000247 name: pupal-adult ecdysis def: "The emergence of the adult mosquito from the pupal cuticle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "eclosion" RELATED [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "emergence" RELATED [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000244 ! ecdysis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000248 name: imaginal disk development def: "The rudiments of some imaginal disks are present in newly hatched larvae and develop slowly during the larval stage; others appear as late as the 3rd instar. Each imaginal disk is first apparent as a plate of columnar epidermal cells which grows slowly with cell division. Increase in size of the imaginal disks occurs principally during the 4th instar, accompanied by numerous mitoses, and in most cases the disks are shaped only very approximately like the adult appendages at the time." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000212 ! histological change [Term] id: MOSBP:0000249 name: development of the gonadal primordia def: "The development and differentiation of the gonads and primary sexual characters." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000212 ! histological change [Term] id: MOSBP:0000252 name: development of the central nervous system def: "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO:0007417] synonym: "CNS development" EXACT [] is_a: MOSBP:0000212 ! histological change is_a: MOSBP:0000442 ! larval development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000253 name: development of the compound eye def: "The development of the compound eyes proceeds in a sequence of events - first determination and cellular proliferation, then differentiation - which pass as waves across a region of the head epidermis, the 'prospective eye field', that will transform into the compound eye." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000212 ! histological change is_a: MOSBP:0000442 ! larval development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000254 name: metamorphosis of the alimentary canal def: "At metamorphosis some of the tissues that have endopolyploid nuclei undergo somatic reduction and cell divistion to yield a large number of small, apparently de-differentiated cells which are competent to form adult tissues." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000212 ! histological change [Term] id: MOSBP:0000255 name: response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla def: "They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli and occur abundantly on the antennal flagella. The hairs are pointed or blunt and arise without sockets." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Most experimental work has been undertaken on Aedes aegypti, in which four distinct types of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla have been distinguished. synonym: "responses of A1 sensilla" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of A2 sensilla" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of trichoid sensilla" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000256 name: responses of short blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensilla def: "When these sensilla are exposed to stimulating vapours, the excited neurones gave a phasic-tonic response. It seems likely that the short blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensila on female antennae are used in the location of oviposition sites." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000255 ! response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000257 name: responses of short pointed single-walled multiporous hair sensilla def: "These sensilla are stimulated by saturated C3 to C7 fatty acids at unspesific dosage rates. They respond also to ethyl propanoate." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000255 ! response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000258 name: responses of long pointed single-walled multiporous hair sensilla def: "These seensilla were perdominantly stimulated by C2 to C10 saturated straight-chain fatty acids. Their spontaneous activity was inhibited by volatile oils." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000255 ! response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000259 name: responses of blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensilla def: "These sensilla give mixed responses to fatty acids and volatile oils. Individual neurones within particular classes of sensilla appeared to have shown different sensitivity spectra to the range of carboxylic acids tested. Also the pattern of information provided by these cells could be intergrated to allow refined discrimination of fatty acid odours." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000255 ! response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000260 name: response of single-walled multiporous peg sensilla def: "The pegs, which arise from shallow depressions in the integument, are usually club-shaped but sometimes finger shaped. They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of capitate pegs" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of sensilla basonica" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000261 name: response to carbon dioxide def: "Electrophysiological studies with extracellular electrodes (on female Aedes aegypti) showed that the neurone producing the largest action potentials was the only one sensitive to carbon dioxide. CO2-sensitive neurones were silent in air without CO2, and had response thresholds between 150 and 300 ppm." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Similar responses were obtained with male Aedes aegypti and with females of Aedes taeniorhynchys, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culiseta melanura and Anopheles stephensi. is_a: MOSBP:0000260 ! response of single-walled multiporous peg sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000262 name: response to octenol def: "The neuron with the smallest spike height is sensitive to octenol. This neurone produces bursts of action potentials upon exposure of a sensillum to 2 s pulses of CO2-free air that had passed through a stimulus cartidge containing solutions of 1-octen-3-ol in mineral oil. The sensitivity of the mosquito neurones to 1-octen-3-ol was said to be equivalent to that of lepidopteran sensory neurones to pheromones when tested by similar protocols for stimulus preparation and delivery." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000260 ! response of single-walled multiporous peg sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000263 name: response of double-walled multiporous peg sensilla def: "The grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti contain from two to five neurones, usually three. Spike analysis of extracellular recordings from grooved peg sensilla of Aedes epactius revealed spontaneous action potentials of three distinct amplitudes." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "responses of A3 sensilla" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of grooved legs" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "responses of sensilla basiconica" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000264 name: response to carboxylic acid def: "When exposed to lactic acid vapour, the grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti exhibited one of three firing patterns: (i) a phasic-tonic increase in spike frequency; (ii) a tonic decrease in the frequency of spontaneous spikes; or (iii) no change in spike frequency. Thus neurones are excited or inhibited or are non-responsive." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000263 ! response of double-walled multiporous peg sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000265 name: response to water vapour def: "Electrophysiological evidence from different insects suggests that hygrosensory neurons occur in poreless sensilla. It is thought that absorption of water vapour by the cuticular wall results in deformation of the sensillum." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The neurones that were examined (Kellog 1970) are not hygrosensory but were moisture-dependent, losing sensitivity at lower humidities. Kellog also was not working with double-walled multiporous sensilla. is_a: MOSBP:0000263 ! response of double-walled multiporous peg sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000266 name: reception of physical stimuli def: "The reception of the physical stimuli is typically a three-stage process of coupling, transduction and encoding. Is made by the mosquito antennae, which are sensitive to a band of vibrational frequencies, pressure changes or displacements of air particles." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000170 ! sensory perception [Term] id: MOSBP:0000267 name: transduction def: "Mechanical deformation of the dendritic membrane, producing receptor potentials." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Most electrophysiological studies of sound reception have been undertaken with sharpened metal electrodes inserted into Johnston's organ.\nThe receptors potentials that are elicited in Johnston's organ by vibration of the antennal flagellum, when recorded via an extracellular electrode, are sinusoidal in form but occur at twice the frequency of the acoustic stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed frequency doubling. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000266 ! reception of physical stimuli relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000083 ! coupling [Term] id: MOSBP:0000268 name: fiat process part def: "A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities." [SPAN:fiat_process_part "http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/span#FiatProcessPart"] created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T11:11:29Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000269 name: encoding def: "Is the conversion of receptor potentials to action potentials, which are beleived to arise in the cell membrane of the sensory neurone close to the junction between the cell body and axon." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000266 ! reception of physical stimuli relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000267 ! transduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000270 name: responses of the visual pigments and the chromophores def: "Conjugated proteins which are integral constituents of the membranes of photoreceptor organelles. Each consists of a chromophore and a apoprotein to which it is covalently linked. A number of different visual pigments are known from insect eyes." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000227 ! larval vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000271 name: 11-cis configuration def: "When the chromophore is in the 11-cis configuration, the principal absorption peak of different visual pigments may appear anywhere in the spectrum between ultraviolet and yellow." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000270 ! responses of the visual pigments and the chromophores [Term] id: MOSBP:0000272 name: all-trans configuration def: "When the chromophore is in the all-trans configuration, and the visual pigment is in the meta-state,the absorption peak appears within a much narrower range, usually in the blue but in higher Diptera in the orange." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000270 ! responses of the visual pigments and the chromophores [Term] id: MOSBP:0000273 name: larval spectral sensitivity def: "The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is determined by the absorption characteristics of its visual pigments. The eyes of different insects contain from one to four receptor types with distinct spectral sensitivities. Mosquito larvae exhibit a negative phototactic or diving response when first exposed to light at night or to a bright source by day, but this is soon followed by a return to the surface." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000270 ! responses of the visual pigments and the chromophores [Term] id: MOSBP:0000276 name: apposition eye def: "There is no separation between the crystalline-cone layer and the retinula, and each rhabdom receives light only from its own corneal lens. Each elongate rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeres of eight receptor cells (R1 to R8). The rhabdom behaves like a light guide." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000562 ! compound organ [Term] id: MOSBP:0000277 name: superposition eye def: "A clear space is interposed between the dioptric apparatus and retinula, and light from several corneal lenses falls on each rhabdom, producing a much brighter image. Because the focal lenght is long, the receptors can be wider without loss of resolution. The overall sensitivity gain is great, and these eyes are commonly found in nocturnal insects. Superposition eyes adapt to high light intensity by migration pf pigment granules, which isolates adjacent ommatidia and effectively makes the eyes apposition eyes." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000562 ! compound organ [Term] id: MOSBP:0000278 name: neural superposition eye def: "In the higher Diptera (the Brachycera), the rhabdomeres act as independent light guides, and their eyes are described as neural superposition eyes." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000562 ! compound organ [Term] id: MOSBP:0000279 name: quality of optical resolution def: "For an eye to be capable of resolving fine detail, the angular separation between the receptors must be small. Therefore, in compound eyes the smaller the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent ommatidia, the greater the potential of the eye to resolve detail. The interommatidial angle can be measured in a number of ways." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector relationship: realized_by MOSBP:0000226 ! adult vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000280 name: quality of optical sensitivity def: "The sensitivity (S) of an eye is a measure of the size of the photon sample that it can capture from each direction." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector relationship: realized_by MOSBP:0000226 ! adult vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000281 name: minimum resolvable angle of an eye def: "For an eye for a grating (not for a point) is twice the interommatidial angle." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000279 ! quality of optical resolution [Term] id: MOSBP:0000282 name: acuity def: "Is the highest spatial frequency that an eye can resolve." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The acuity of an eye is governed by its spatial frequency only if the quality of its optics is not limited by other structural or environmental factors. is_a: MOSBP:0000279 ! quality of optical resolution [Term] id: MOSBP:0000283 name: angular sensitivity def: "The angular sensitivity of an ommatidium is determined by three parameters: (i) optical blurring by the lens; (ii) the width of the rhabdom tip; nad (iii) the waveguide properties of the rhabdom." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000280 ! quality of optical sensitivity [Term] id: MOSBP:0000287 name: ommatidial acceptance angle def: "The half-width of the Airy disc and the half-width of the rhabdom acceptance function combine to give the half-width of the ommatidial acceptance angle." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000280 ! quality of optical sensitivity [Term] id: MOSBP:0000288 name: rhabdom acceptance angle def: "The rhabdoms of most insects are cylindrical in form and act as light guides, i.e. they trap and retain light by total internal reflection. The cone of light that such a cylinder can trap is narrow. The acceptance angle of the cylinder is limited by the critical angle for total internal reflection, and therefore is governed by the differenece of refractive index between the receptor itself and the surrounding cytoplasm." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000280 ! quality of optical sensitivity [Term] id: MOSBP:0000289 name: orthokinesis def: "Is a change in linear speed or in frequency of locomotion." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000223 ! larval kinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000290 name: klinokinesis def: "Is a change in the rate or frequency of turning." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000223 ! larval kinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000291 name: protective behaviour def: "In some bodies of water, but not all, the water surface is a hazardous place due to predators. Larvae gain protection by a variety of means, including the occupation of transient biotopes, which often lack predators, or avoidance responses given to surface vibration or visual stimuli." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000146 ! response to thermal stimulus is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process is_a: MOSBP:0000181 ! pupal behavioural process is_a: MOSBP:0000377 ! response to visual stimuli relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000221 ! living at the water surface [Term] id: MOSBP:0000292 name: kinetic response to chemical stimulus def: "They are an important part of feeding behaviour, causing larvae to remain in the location of food sources." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000222 ! taxis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000293 name: direct klinokinesis def: "When the turning increases with stimulus strength." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000290 ! klinokinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000294 name: inverse klinokinesis def: "When the turning decreases with stimulus strength." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000290 ! klinokinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000295 name: direct orthokinesis def: "When the movement increases with stimulus strength." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000289 ! orthokinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000296 name: inverse orthokinesis def: "When the movement decreases with stimulus strength." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000289 ! orthokinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000299 name: anautogeny def: "Refers to egg production that is dependent on protein intake." [ISBN:0-13-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000300 name: autogeny def: "Egg production in the absence of all adult feeding." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Autogeny is genetically determined, nevertheless environmental and other non-genetic factors play an important role on its expression. The females that are genetically autogenous do not invariably initiate vitellogenic ovarian development in the absence of blood feeding. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000301 name: facultative autogeny def: "Observed in genetically autogenous females that will engorge readily during the first ovarian cycle if they meet a host, but which can mature one batch of eggs without a blood meal." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000300 ! autogeny [Term] id: MOSBP:0000302 name: obligatory autogeny def: "Observed in females that do not engorge during the first ovarian cycle, even when hosts are available." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000300 ! autogeny [Term] id: MOSBP:0000303 name: monandry def: "The condition in which a female is inseminated by only a single male." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000094 ! insemination [Term] id: MOSBP:0000305 name: protandry def: "The emergence of males before females into a seasonal breeding population." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Species for which protandry has been recorded in wild populations include Aedes communis, Aedes impiger, Aedes nigripes, Aedes sierrensis and Aedes vittatus.\nIs widespread among insects and a number of reasons have been suggested for its evolution, for example, the prevention of inbreeding, the enhancement of reproductive success in males that emerge early, and natural selection for sexual size dimorphism. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part [Term] id: MOSBP:0000306 name: polyandry def: "The condition in which a female is inseminated by more than one male." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "multiple insemination" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000094 ! insemination [Term] id: MOSBP:0000307 name: senses and flight response during mating def: "Flight reactions and patterns expressed during mating." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000308 name: flight response during mating def: "The males of species that mate in flight fly towards a conspecific female when stimulated by her flight tone." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Mating is initiated with the male and female still in flight. It may end with the pair still in flight or settled on vegetation or on the ground, but usually copulation is completed within seconds. is_a: MOSBP:0000307 ! senses and flight response during mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000309 name: hearing response during mating def: "The signal to which male mosquitoes respond is the female's flight tone, and this a flying female can never switch off." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Considering as a means of sound production, the wing beat has a very low efficiency, and the distance over which the flight sounds of female mosquitoes can be detected by conspecific males probably is not greater than about 30cm. is_a: MOSBP:0000307 ! senses and flight response during mating is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000310 name: response of olfactory sensillum during mating def: "The females of some insects emit long-range signals when sexual receptive, and switch off these signals when unreceptive." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla is_a: MOSBP:0000307 ! senses and flight response during mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000311 name: response to visual stimulus during mating def: "Behavioural reactions and patterns caused by visual stimuli during mating." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000307 ! senses and flight response during mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000312 name: developmental changes after blood feeding def: "Within 24h of a first blood meal, the epithilial cells of the calyx become flattened and extended and start to develop microvilli, the calyx lumen becomes greatly enlarged, and the calyx assumes the shape of a distened sac. The muscle cells of the calyx undergo rather little development. During this period changes start in the lateral oviducts also, reaching completion by 72h post-blood meal. A distinct lumen forms within each lateral oviduct, the epithelium becomes folded, providing for distension of the lateral oviduct at ovulation, and the luminal surface of the epithelial cells becomes microvillate. The muscles cells grow substantially in volume, and their myofibrils and mitochondria increase in number and degree of organization." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The process described concernes Aedes aegypti. In Anopheles, the columnar epithelium of the ampullae is thrown into folds during the first ovarian cycle. During this and each succeeding ovarian cycle the size of the ampullae increases due to accumulation of secretion within the columnar cells. is_a: MOSBP:0000204 ! development relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000313 name: swarm quality def: "Most reports of swarming mosquitoes concern species of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes. Swarming has been described also in species of Psorophora, Culiseta, Uranotaenia, Armigeres and Coquilletidia.\nAll mosquito swarms have 3 characteristics in common:\n1) The individual members of a swarm fly in looping or zig-zag patterns characteristic of the species, and all keep within a limited space that is located in relation to some feature of the environment.\n2) The swarms consist predominately of males. When conspecific females enter a swarm, males approach and attempt to couple with them.\n3) Swarming is limited to times of day characteristic of the species, usually close to dusk and dawn." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector relationship: realizes MOSBP:0000095 ! assembly in station-keeping swarm [Term] id: MOSBP:0000314 name: ceiling swarm def: "It occurs at a considerable height above the ground and extend over a large area like a ceiling. It develops only when there are extremely large numbers of males participanting." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Ceiling swarms are not station-keeping swarms, although they make give rise to them. is_a: MOSBP:0000313 ! swarm quality [Term] id: MOSBP:0000315 name: free swarm def: "Occurs in areas of open ground and form over swarm markers. Free swarms reappear, day after day, over position that have no characteristics discernible to human eyes." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Swarms of Anopheles gambie and An aeabiensis formed over parts of flat, open ground within an area of scattered huts and trees. is_a: MOSBP:0000313 ! swarm quality [Term] id: MOSBP:0000316 name: marker swarm def: "Occurs in areas of open ground and forms over small areas of visual contrast, for example over patches of paler or darker earth, piles of dunk, bushes, small pools etc." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Changes in reflectance can lead to swarm markers being deserted. Some permanent swarm markers may be used by a species year after year. is_a: MOSBP:0000313 ! swarm quality [Term] id: MOSBP:0000317 name: space swarm def: "Forms within breaks in vegetation or at vegetational boundaries, and may be within a range of elevations. The flight paths are delineated by vegetational boundaries or by shafts of sunlight within the breaks." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000313 ! swarm quality [Term] id: MOSBP:0000318 name: top swarm def: "Forms over prominent vertical ojects, such a tree tops, chimneys or church steeples." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000313 ! swarm quality [Term] id: MOSBP:0000320 name: response to sex pheromone def: "A pheromone is any chemical or set of chemicals produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. Sex pheromones indicate the availability of the female for breeding." [http://www.wikipedia.org] comment: The involvement of sex pheromones in species recognition by mosquitoes has been postulated by a number of authors but usually has not been confirmed by experimental investigation.\nThere is evidence for the presence of a contact peromone on the legs of females of the Culiseta inormata. Contact with isolated female legs was sufficient to release coupling behaviour in males. The active substance was non-volatile, heat-stable, and soluble in solvents of intermediate polarity. is_a: MOSBP:0000174 ! response to chemical stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000321 name: sexual responsiveness and refractoriness def: "The male and female behavioural patterns for sexual stimuli after the completion of their sexual maturation." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000323 name: male fecundity def: "The ability of a male to inseminate a number of females depends upon the supply of both spermatozoa and accessory gland secretion. The average male could fully inseminate four to five females and transmit small amounts of sperm to an additional two to four females." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Reports of insemination that do not quantify sperm transfer are of only limited value. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000321 ! sexual responsiveness and refractoriness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000324 name: sexual refractoriness def: "Once a female mosquito has undergone a consummated union she usually becomes refractory to further mating, at least until after completing a gonotropic cycle. Female sexual refractoriness has immediate and delayed components." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000321 ! sexual responsiveness and refractoriness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000325 name: swarming def: "A strongly cyclic adult behaviour, and most species swarm for short periods around sunset and sunrise.\nIf swarm is considered as a form of epigamic behaviour, it must provide a selective advantage pertaining to reproduction. The pattern of flight is specific." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000326 name: flight patterns in swarms def: "The lower level of station-keeping swarms reflects the pattern of the individual members. A swarming mosquito flies in a particula pattern an often, for a number of seconds or longer, remains within a small space as thought it were confined in a box." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Swarms usually consist of a number of individuals, but single mosquitoes may exhibit swarming behaviour. The presence of other mosquitoes can only modify this behaviour.\nLight wind can influence the orientation of swarming mosquitoes. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000325 ! swarming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000327 name: mating in resting sites def: "A characteristic of sabethines is that the males patrol the area of vegetation in which conspecific females rest. Of species that assembly in station-keeping swarms, the males and females may rest in the same places, and contact between males and females after arousal can lead to mating." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The vegetation in which conspecific females rest are often the vertical and horizontal surfaces of tree trunks, stems or branches. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000325 ! swarming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000332 name: oostasis def: "The mechanisms that can prevent development of another series of follicles in gravid females." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000333 name: ovarian cycle def: "In mosquitoes, egg production is a cyclic process. Batches of sister follicles is separate successively from the germania of the many ovarioles, and the follicles of each batch develop synchronously through a sequence of steps until the oocytes they contain are fully formed. The steps from the formation of a batch of mature oocytes constitute an ovarian cycle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The most important developmental events during an ovarian cycle are: (i) differentiation of the oocytes. (ii) reductional division of the oocytes' chromosomes. (iii) Synthesis of RNA by oocytes and nurse cells and its deposition in the ooplasm. (iv)Synthesis of yolk by the fat body and its deposition in the ooplasm. (v)Formation of the chorion. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000117 ! process of oogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000334 name: developmental gates def: "The gates are points of potential or actual arrest at which follicular development will be halted, without detriment to the follicles, unless or until specific physiological conditions occur. These might entail exposure to specific stimuli or, conceptually at least, the absence of specific inhibitors." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000333 ! ovarian cycle [Term] id: MOSBP:0000335 name: ovarian developmental stages according Christophers def: "This description of ovarian stages is based on the development of primary ovarian follicles in Ae aegypti and Cx pipiens. Anopheles gambie shows the following differences: there is no distinct stage Ib characterized by differnces between oocyte and nurse cells, and by stage IIa the oocyte half fills the follicle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000333 ! ovarian cycle [Term] id: MOSBP:0000336 name: ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. def: "The ovarian cycle can be divided into sequential phases and stages using physiological and anatomical criteria." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000333 ! ovarian cycle [Term] id: MOSBP:0000337 name: germarial gate def: "In the earliest stage at which ovarian follicles are visibly distinct they are still closely attached to the germaria (Christopher's stage G). Normally the primary follicles separate from the germaria shortly after emergence, and each subsequent batch of follicles leaves the germarial reting stage when a blood meal restarts the ovarian cycle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000334 ! developmental gates relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000356 ! regulation of follicle growth and competenece [Term] id: MOSBP:0000338 name: maturation gate def: "Oocytes that have reached stage V and are ready for ovulation are often described as mature, yet their chromosomes are still in the metaphase of the first meiotic division. Meiosis is resumed only after the oocytes have been penetrated by sperm at oviposition. Thus the oocytes are held in a state of nuclear stasis from the time they are ready for ovulation until syngamy stimulates completion of the maturation divisions. The maturation resting stage normally lasts only a few hours, until the appropriate activity rhythm leads to ovulation and oviposition. However, if females are unable to oviposit, the stage V oocytes can remain viable within ovaries for 15days or even more." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000334 ! developmental gates [Term] id: MOSBP:0000339 name: previtellogenic gate def: "The primary follicles may develop directly to Christopher's stage IIa or IIb after emergence, or may develop to this stage only after the females have fed. The primary follicles of anautogenous females then enter the previtellogenic resting stage, remaining in it until the female has taken a blood meal. The primary follicles of autogenous females pass the previtellogenic gate without arrest, demonstrating the conditional nature of the gates." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000334 ! developmental gates [Term] id: MOSBP:0000340 name: stage I gate def: "After follicles have separated from the germaria they grow slightly but may soon enter a state of arrest. Follicles in the stage I resting are about 40-50 micrometers long, their epithelia consist of relatively few cells, and their oocytes are visibly distinct but do not contain lipid or others droplets in the ooplasm." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000334 ! developmental gates relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000356 ! regulation of follicle growth and competenece [Term] id: MOSBP:0000341 name: stage III gate def: "In most anautogenous species, follicles that pass the previtellogenic gate and start to deposit yolk in the oocytes either develop to maturity or are resorbed. There have been a few reports of follicles entering arrest during the course of vitellogenesis, and they indicate the existence of a stage III gate." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000334 ! developmental gates [Term] id: MOSBP:0000342 name: stage G def: "The follicle has partly separated from the germarium but the oocyte is not entirely surrounded by epithelium." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000343 name: response to oviposition-arrestant def: "Arrestants are substances that induces gravid females to remain in their presence through their own undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion or changing their rate of turning." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000344 name: stage Ia def: "The follicle has separated from the germarium and the oocyte is entirely surrounded by follicular epithelium. The oocyte is not visibly distinct from the nurse cells." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000345 name: stage Ib def: "The oocyte is distinguishable from the nurse cells by its smaller nucleus and prominent nucleolus." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000346 name: stage IIa def: "Some very small refractile lipid droplets are visible in the ooplasm." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000347 name: stage IIb def: "The ooplasm contains fine lipid droplets, these cause the oocyte to appear slightly dark under transmitted light but white by reflected light. No large droplets are visible in the ooplasm, and no ooplasmic inclusions strain with neutral red." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000348 name: stage IIIa def: "The ooplasm is clouded with inclusions distinctly. At first the inclusions are small. Subsequently, large yolks spheres appear which stain yellowish-brown with neutral red. These yolk spheres are of smilar diameter to the epithelial cell nucleoli, and are about 0,2 to 0,3 times the diameter of the oocytes' nucleolus. The oocyte's nucleus progressively occupies up to 50% of the length of the follicle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000349 name: stage IIIb def: "The follicle has increased in size considerably but without changing shape. The oocyte occupies >50% to 70% of the length of the follicle." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000350 name: stage IVa def: "The follicle has grown further and has become slightly narrower, starting to assume the shape of a mature oocyte. The oocyte occupies 90% of the follicle length. The nurse cells still appear intact and occupy about 10% of the follicle length." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000351 name: stage IVb def: "The follicle assumes the shape of the mature oocyte, or almost so, but has not reached full length. The nurse cells have degenerated and at first stain bright crimson with neutral red; later in this stage they disappear. Chorionic structures start to appear." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000352 name: stage V def: "The oocyte structures its full length. The follicular epithelium degenerates. Chorionic structures such as the floats (Anopheles), micropyle cup (Culex) or surface sculpturing (Aedes) become fully formed." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000335 ! ovarian developmental stages according Christophers [Term] id: MOSBP:0000353 name: response to oviposition-attractant def: "Attractants are substances that induces gravid females to make oriented movements towards its source." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000354 name: presence of juvenile hormone def: "The juvenile hormone in females of Aedes aegypti increases markedly between 24 and 72h after emergence. Circumstancial evidence associating JH with onset of responsiveness to host cues was obtained with diapausing mosquitoes. Application of large doses of the JH analogue methoprene to diapausing females of Anopheles freeborni and Culex tarsalis hastened their diapause development, including responsiveness to vertebrate hosts." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] synonym: "presence of JH" RELATED [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000120 ! previtellogenic phase relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000416 ! development of competence to respond to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000355 name: secretion of juvenile hormone def: "Juvenile hormones is released after eclosion and stimulates the devlopment of host-seeking behaviour. Little is known about the regulation of juvenile hormone secretion in mosquitoes. Decapitation immediately after emergence has the same effect on follicle development as allatectomy, which suggests that the brain is involved." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: The mechanism of release of JH after eclosion does not appear to operate in Aedes aegypti. There is evidence from Aedes aegypti of the ovaries affecting JH secretion. is_a: MOSBP:0000354 ! presence of juvenile hormone [Term] id: MOSBP:0000356 name: regulation of follicle growth and competenece def: "Two developmental gates control the course of previtellogenic development." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000120 ! previtellogenic phase [Term] id: MOSBP:0000357 name: response to oviposition-deterrent def: "When present, the deterrents (non-volatile substances) inhibit oviposition ." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000358 name: response to predator def: "The weight of evidence suggests that gravid females respond negatively to chemical substances emanating from certain predators, but proof of this requires that these substances be isolated, identified and tested as repellents or deterents." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000357 ! response to oviposition-deterrent is_a: MOSBP:0000359 ! response to oviposition-repellent [Term] id: MOSBP:0000359 name: response to oviposition-repellent def: "Gravid females make oriented movements away from its source of any oviposition repellent." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000360 name: response to sugar solution def: "Electophysiological analysis of the reflex response showed that the labellar muscles are activated some 40ms after stimulation of the aboral sensilla with sucrose." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000175 ! response of gustatory sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000361 name: adult response of olfactory sensilla while feeding on plant sugar def: "There is some evidence of mosquitoes responding to plant odours in the field." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The results were obtained after fine netting bags had been placed over inflorescences of Silene otites (Caryophyllaceae). The experiment was conducted with many variations to prove the responses. is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000502 ! feeding on plant sugar [Term] id: MOSBP:0000362 name: adult response of olfactory sensilla while host-seeking def: "Female mosquitoes respond to host odour (CO2 emission, water vapour, volatiles molecules)." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla [Term] id: MOSBP:0000363 name: response to host odour def: "Host odour is here taken to comprise all volatile compounds, organic and inorganic, that emanate from a vertebrate host and that stimulate mosquito chemosensilla." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000362 ! adult response of olfactory sensilla while host-seeking relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000032 ! long-range approach [Term] id: MOSBP:0000364 name: development of competence def: "Short, single walled, multiporous hair sensilla on the antennae of females Aedes, Culex and Anopheles give electrical responses to volatile compounds suspected of being oviposition-site attractants." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The sensilla of gravid females showed greater sensitivity to one of these, methyl butyrate, than did those of non-blood-fed females. Non-blood-fed females of Aedes aegypti were unresponsive to methyl propionate vapour in an olfactometer, and females that had blood fed 24h earlier were equally unresponsive. 72-96h after blood feeding they became highly responsive. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000366 name: response to stimulus def: "A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus." [GO:0050896] synonym: "physiological response to stimulus" EXACT [] xref: GO:0050896 is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-23T01:23:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000367 name: response to fatty acid def: "Fatty acids, i.e. saturated and unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids, when active with gravid females, tended to induce negative responses. Saturated fatty acids from C2 to C11 yielded significant negative responses." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000359 ! response to oviposition-repellent [Term] id: MOSBP:0000368 name: increased sensitivity of olfactory sensillum def: "Mosquitoes that belong to this category contain three types of neurones that variously are excited by lactic acid vapour, inhibited by it or unresponsive to it." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001013 ! quality of vector relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000416 ! development of competence to respond to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000369 name: response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition def: "Behavioural responses of the female to chemical stimuli during the stages of pre-oviposition and oviposition." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000176 ! response of olfactory sensilla relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000370 name: adult female feeding behaviour def: "In nature mosquitoes feed on nectar or blood. Like some other blood-sucking Diptera, usually pass nectar and other plant juices to the crop and dorsal diverticula, but pass blood to the stomach. This separation of nectar and blood permits females to store nectar meal in the crop, passing slowly to the midgut for absorption, while leaving the stomach empty to receive a blood meal at any time." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000005 ! adult feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000371 name: response to oviposition-stimulant def: "Stimulants are substances that elicit oviposition." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000374 name: optomotor response def: "Is a reflex turning of the head or whole body of an animal in response to a movement of its surroundings." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The response can be elicited experimentally with moving stripes. When a pattern of stripes passes across an insect's field of view, each rhabdom perceives the pattern as a modulation of light intensity. is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000375 name: response to artificial object def: "The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000102 ! response of flying mosquito to visible object [Term] id: MOSBP:0000376 name: response to shade def: "Shade can affect mosquito responses." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000102 ! response of flying mosquito to visible object [Term] id: MOSBP:0000377 name: response to visual stimuli def: "Behavioural patterns expressed as a reaction to visual stimuli." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000378 name: escape behaviour def: "Larvae and pupae that are at the water surface respond to certain stimuli with escape behaviour, often called an alarm response. Usually this takes the form of diving, and at a visibly more rapid rate than in descents made for feeding." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Escape behaviour in response to visual stimuli has not been very extensively studied, and the results obtained with some experimental procedures must be reviewed cautiously. synonym: "alarm response" NARROW [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000291 ! protective behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000379 name: adult responses to visual stimulus def: "It is reported that mosquitoes - whether diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal in activity - fed most often from lighter flowers." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: White, pink and yellow flowers were attended by mosquitoes when closely adjacent darker flowers were not. Thus white clover (Trifolium repens) and white melilo. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000502 ! feeding on plant sugar [Term] id: MOSBP:0000380 name: ingestion of sugar solution def: "When the tarsi of a walking mosquito touch a drop of sugar solution the mosquito stops moving or turns, and directs its proboscis towards the stimulus. The tip of the proboskis is placed in contact with the fluid, and when the chemosensory hairs on the aboral surface of the labella are stimulated the labellar lobes spread apart giving the so-called labellar response. Once the labellar lobes have parted, the oral surfaces of the ladella lie flat on the droplet and the external surfaces face away from it. The fluid immediately spreads over the hydrophilic oral surfaces of the labella and their chemosensilla, and over the ligul, submerging the tip of the labrum. When touched by fluid the ligula rapidly increases in size, probably due to a combination of physical forces on the cuticle and internal pressure of haemolymph." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000082 ! sugar feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000381 name: egg laying def: "This term is used here in a broad sense, to include all the behavioural and physiological processes of a gravid female that lead up to and terminate in the deposition of eggs in an appropriate biotope. Egg-laying activity is cyclic, occurring in one or two peaks during the diel, and its timing is regulated by an endogenous, circadian rhythm." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000383 name: oviposition def: "The act of depositing eggs." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part is_a: MOSBP:0000381 ! egg laying relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction [Term] id: MOSBP:0000384 name: synthesis of reserves def: "Mosquitoes conform with other insects in maintaining lipid and glycogen stores in the fat body. Glycogen is also stored in the flight muscles, and trehalose is stored in the haemolymph." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000203 ! adult energy metabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000386 name: Anopheles' oviposition behaviour def: "Anoplines exhibit a variety of oviposition behaviours. None oviposited though while settled on the water surface. A number of anopelines will deposit eggs on moist surfaces." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Wild females of Anopheles melas have been observed ovipositing while perched on the vertica surface of pneumatophores in unflooded Avicennia mangover swamps. There has been one report of an anopheline drinking before oviposition (Anopheles messeae). Oviposition without drinking was reported for Anopheles maculipennis sensus stricto and Anopheles atroparvus. is_a: MOSBP:0000568 ! egg laying behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000389 name: descent to the water surface def: "After a period of flying to and against the roof of the cage, the mosquitoes began to make descents to the floor. Often this was an ordinary diagonal flight movement, but sometimes this descent was a 'pancake landing'." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000390 name: hovering def: "A female that had touched the water surface changed her mode of flight abruptly, beginning to hover, with little displacement in space. Sometimes she stayed in almost exactly the same spot or bobbed up and down 10mm or so vertically or obliqely, or she might swing through an arc of 20-100mm dipping at each end." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000391 name: skim-hopping def: "Once arrived at the floor, the mosquitoes flew about at speeds 0,36m/s and at height that usually was 20-40mm. In the course of this horizontal flight they dipped again and again to touch the floor, at spaced intervals varying between 0,06-0,2m. The direction appeared to be random." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000392 name: response to optical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition def: "The optical cues to which gravid females respond at oviposition sites may come from the water body itself or from its immediate surroundings." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000377 ! response to visual stimuli relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000393 name: response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition def: "For species in which the feeding and resting habitat is different from the oviposition habitat, the gravid females must respond to cues that characterize the 'landscape' before responding to stimuli that characterize specific oviposition sites." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Very little is known about the responses of mosquitoes to 'landscape', but it is likely that visual cues are particularly important. is_a: MOSBP:0000377 ! response to visual stimuli relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000394 name: response to chromaticity def: "Chromaticity results from (i)its hue, or dominant wavelengths, and (ii) its chroma (saturation), the extend to which the predominant colour is unadulterated with white. Experiments with females of Aedes aegypti showed that acceptance was low to green and yellow-green, moderate to orange, and high to violet and red." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000392 ! response to optical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000395 name: response to lightness of the water surface def: "Observing that when kept in complete darkness in a roomsized cage females of Culex quinquefasciatus laid in the oviposition dishes provided (dishes which had chemical cues), whereas females of Anopheles darlingi died without ovipositing. De Zalueta (1950) postulated that visual stimuli were essential for egg laying by Andarlingi but not for Culex quinquefasiatus, for which chemical stimuli were more important." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Light contrast and dark contrast may both have different causes. The apparent lightness of a body of water may be due to reflection from a pale substratum or to specular reflection from the water surface. A body of water may appear dark relative to its surroundings due to high absorbance by the water or its substratum or to a shielding from incident light. is_a: MOSBP:0000392 ! response to optical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000396 name: response to shade of water surface def: "The importance of shade for some species has been demonstrated by its removal. The effect of shade on gravid females is not necessarily direct; for example , it might affect the water temperature of a larval habitat or its chemical composition as a result of leaf fall." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Differential responses by egg-laying females of a number of species were revealed by a study of larval densities in a tyre dump, where some tyres were exposed to direct sunlight and others were shaded throughout the entire. is_a: MOSBP:0000392 ! response to optical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000398 name: response to physical obstruction def: "Dense vegetation is the main physical obstruction. The females of some species must pass through dense vegetation to approach their oviposition sites." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The larval habitat of Uranotaenia anhydor at Saratoga Springs, California, was effetively subterranean. Egg rafts and larvae were foun only in pockets of water situated between clumps of the rush Scirpus. These were covered over so densely with mats formed from previous years' growth of rush that the water was in almost darkness. is_a: MOSBP:0000393 ! response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000399 name: composition of reserves def: "The extent of the carbohydrate and lipid reserves and of the protein content of mosquitoes." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000384 ! synthesis of reserves [Term] id: MOSBP:0000400 name: response to elevation def: "The oviposition sites of all ground-water mosquitoes are necessarily at ground-level, but for many species that develop in phytotelmata, the oviposition site is above ground level. This height varies from very moderate to very substantial, the most elevated larval habitats being those of some forest-inhabiting species that live in tree-holes or epiphytic bromeliads." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000393 ! response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000401 name: response to certain combination of factors def: "The responses of gravid females to particular oviposition-site characteristics might change when experienced simultaneously with other characteristics." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Pairs of factors to which the responses were compared and contrasted when exposed singly and in combination were: (i)type of surface-open water or moistened filter paper. (ii)Surface texture-rough or smooth, moistened filter paper, affecting olfactory receptors. (iii)Smell-presence or absence of the odour of horse-dung suspension, affecting olfactory receptors. (iv)Salinity-distilled water or 0,086M NaCl, affecting contact chemoreceptors. (v)Lightness- of grey or black filter paper-affecting visual receptors. is_a: MOSBP:0000393 ! response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000402 name: response to water movement def: "The species Anopheles minimus is known to lay eggs in small, shaded pools adjacent to running water. The females were little influenced by continuous surface ripples." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000393 ! response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000403 name: response to soil surface characteristic def: "For its acceptability to gravid females, three characteristics of soil are important, namely: the soil type, the moisture content and the soil texture." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Species of Aedes and Psorophora characteristically deposit their eggs on substrata immediately adjacent to bodies of water or on moist substrata in places subject to inundation.\nThe importance of the characteristics of a soil surface for its acceptability to gravid females was illustrated by the use of a human-made habitat by 2 flood water mosquitoes, Aedes vexans and Psorophora columbiae.\nSurvival of the eggs on moist surfaces is an important aspect of anophelines fitness. is_a: MOSBP:0000393 ! response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000405 name: reserves from blood protein def: "Conversion of the digestion products into glycogen and triacylglycerol deposits." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: A blood meal can replace nectar as an exogenous energy source. is_a: MOSBP:0000384 ! synthesis of reserves [Term] id: MOSBP:0000407 name: termination of responsiveness def: "The responsiveness of females of Aedes aegytpi to oviposition-site cues ceases after egg laying. Oviposition from the connected ovary was permitted in certain females, and responsiveness of all females to attractants was assessed. Oviposition from a sigle intact ovary was sufficient to terminate responsiveness to attractants, even when the abdomen contained a mature isolated ovary." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Klowden concluded that nervous stimuli lead to the termination of responsiveness to oviposition-site stimuli. is_a: MOSBP:0000614 ! process_boundary relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000411 name: reserves from sugar feeding def: "Meals of sugar lead to the deposition of glycogen and lipid in the fat body and of glycogen in the flight muscles." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000384 ! synthesis of reserves [Term] id: MOSBP:0000413 name: regulation of sexual behaviour def: "The mechanisms through which sexual behaviour is regulated." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000179 ! regulation of adult behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000414 name: responsiveness to host cue def: "Teneral females are unable to responde to host cues or take a blood meal, but during the first days after emergence their mouthparts and other organs become functional and they develop behavioural capabilities." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000521 ! female sexual responsiveness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000416 name: development of competence to respond to host cue def: "The development of the capability to respond to a variety of host stimuli." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000414 ! responsiveness to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000417 name: effect of insemination def: "One effect is on the phase of the flight-activity rhythm.\nIt is suggested that a factor in the semen of the males of the autogenous strains suppressed blood-feeding by the nulliparous females of these strains.\nIn some species, virgin females are less responsive to host cues than inserminated females.\nAnother effect is the inhibition of responsiveness to host cues in females due to male accessory-gland secretion." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The flight-activity periodicities of captive females of a number of crepuscular/nocturnal species changed, and came to resemble the periodicities of man-biting activity in wild populations. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000416 ! development of competence to respond to host cue relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000474 ! onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000418 name: reserves of teneral adult def: "The fat body cells, or trophocytes, of fully grown larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens are packed with lipid droplets, glycogen granules and vesicles which possibly contain protein, reserves which are carried over to the adult stage. The extent of the reserves depends upon the quality of larval nutrition, and there is some variability betweeen species in the proportions of glycogen and lipid. Unlike the higher Diptera, mosquito adults do not develop and 'adult fat body' differing in structure from that of the larvae. In well-nourished adults the fat body contains deposits of glycogen and lipid but no protein-containing vesicles." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000384 ! synthesis of reserves [Term] id: MOSBP:0000421 name: aggregated distribution of larvae def: "In behavioural terms, aggregation is a congregation of animals that does not depend upon social attraction. Such behaviours are due to the fact that most habitats are not uniform." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Aggregation is the irregular distribution of animals between habitats or, more usually, within habitats. Analysis of samples obtained from transects across a habitat reveals a clumped distribution if the ratio of variance to mean is significantly greater then one. is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000422 name: cannibalism def: "The attack and consumption of conspecific larvae of the same or an earlier instar." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000423 name: predator-avoidance behaviour def: "The presence of a predator has a damping effect on larvae movement. But at higher predator densities larval movement increased again slightly, possibly due to disturbance by the predators." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Experiments were conductided with the usage of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens larvae and Notonecta undulata. is_a: MOSBP:0000291 ! protective behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000424 name: protective coloration def: "The larvae and pupae of some culicuds are able to lighten or darken their body colour in accordance with the lightness or darkness of the background; others lack this ability." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000291 ! protective behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000425 name: using safe biotope def: "This is an important form of predator avoidance. A variety of relatively safe niches can be discerned among ground waters." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Mosquito larval habitats fall into two distinct classes: Phytotelmata and ground waters. Phytotelmata are bodies of water held in or upon parts of terrestrial plants. The greatest variety of phytotelmata occurs in the tropics. Ground waters are also of many types but are predominantly still waters. Whereas most phytotelmata are enclosed water bodies, most natural ground waters are open. The activities of human populations result in the appearance of new habitats colonized by mosquitoes. is_a: MOSBP:0000291 ! protective behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000426 name: allogrooming def: "The \"grooming\" of other individuals has been considered a form of aggresive behaviour and an aspect of feeding." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: It is unfortunate that we have little or no knowledge of the microorganisms and non-living, particulate matter abhering to the body surface of mosquito larvae in their natural habitats. is_a: MOSBP:0000224 ! larval feeding behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000225 ! grooming [Term] id: MOSBP:0000427 name: akinesis def: "While in depth, a larva remains motionless, often when near or underneath a leaf." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000223 ! larval kinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000428 name: regulation of pre-oviposition behaviour def: "Behavioural patterns of gravid females that result in arrival at potential oviposition sites and indicate the suitability of such sites are termed pre-oviposition behaviour." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000179 ! regulation of adult behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000219 ! pre-oviposition behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000433 name: development of the alimentary canal def: "During growth the larval stage the alimentary canal grows in cell size and with the formation of polytene and endopolyploid nuclei." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000442 ! larval development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000434 name: development of the antennal centre def: "The antennal centres grow slowly compared to the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,8) and very rapidly about the time of larval-pupal ecdysis (k=4)." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000252 ! development of the central nervous system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000435 name: development of the central body of the nervous system def: "The central body grows most actively in the 4th instar (k=2)." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000252 ! development of the central nervous system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000436 name: development of the mushroom body def: "The mushroom bodies grow less strongly than the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,5-0,9) but much more strongly in the pupal stage (k=1,8)." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000252 ! development of the central nervous system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000437 name: immune response def: "Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat." [GO:0006955, ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Mosquitoes are subject to parasitism by fungi, protists and nematodes. The most common response to organisms that penetrate into the haemocoele, and that are too large to be phagositized by single cells, is encapsulation of the intruders. Some protection against infection is provided by the cibarial armature. is_a: MOSBP:0000620 ! immune system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000438 name: growth def: "The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell." [GO:0040007] synonym: "growth pattern" RELATED [] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-28T03:00:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000439 name: phenol oxidase def: "The phenol oxidase enzymes are thought to be central to melanin formation. During encapsulation, polyphenol derivates probably cross-link with proteins from the haemolymph and haemocytes." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000626 ! activation of phenol oxidase [Term] id: MOSBP:0000440 name: encapsulation def: "In most arthropodes encapsulation is initiated when granular haemocytes degranulate upon contact with foreign bodies, and release components of a phenoloxidase-activating system which adhere to them. Plasmatocytes then enclose the foreign objects within an envelope of hihgly flattened cells which becomes pigmented." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] synonym: "capsule formation" RELATED [ISBN:0-87081-411-7] is_a: MOSBP:0000629 ! melanization defense response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000441 name: process of ovulation def: "Ovulation is defined as the extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts. Ovulated oocytes enter the vagina, from which they are extruded through the gonotreme at oviposition. Sperm penetrate an oocyte while it is within the vagina. Very soon after oviposition the oocyte chromosomes complete meiosis, and at that stage the oocyte is considered to have transformed into an egg." [ISBN:0-41211-490-0, ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000201 ! reproduction created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-27T12:21:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000442 name: larval development def: "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape." [GO:0002164] is_a: MOSBP:0000204 ! development created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-29T01:20:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000443 name: metamorphosis of the muscular system def: "Great changes take place in the muscular system during metamorphosis. Most larval head muscles are histolysed but some are carried over to the adult, developing the fine structure of adult muscle and aquiring new relationships with different parts of the head. New muscles arise and the sides and floor of the head become traversed by belts of small myoblasts whose origin is uncertain." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000211 ! metamorphosis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000444 name: metamorphosis of the muscles of the thorax and abdomen def: "The muscles of the thorax and abdomen are carried over to the adult but the main part of the adult thoracic musculature is new, including the muscles of the appendages, largely formed within the imaginal buds, and the indirect flight muscles. The larval abdominal muscles degenerate early in adult life, having been used for swimming by the pupa and pharate adult. Movements of the adult abdomen are due to small adult muscles which develop from myoblasts in the pupa. Histolysis of the musculature, as of other organs, takes place entirely by autolysis and without the intervention of phagocytes." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000443 ! metamorphosis of the muscular system [Term] id: MOSBP:0000447 name: sexual differentiation def: "Sexual dimorphism in adult mosquitoes is expressed in a number of ways: (i) in the structure of the gonads; (ii) in th eprimary sexual characters which are derived from the genital imaginal disks; and (iii) in secondary sexual characters such as the adult antennae, maxillary palps and body size. Innate behavioural differences between the sexes reflets dimorphism in the structure and function of the nervous system." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000204 ! development created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-30T10:57:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000450 name: kinetic response to food and dissolved nutrient def: "Mosquito larvae accumulate in regions where there is food because they make an orthokinetic response to soluble contituents diffusing from the food." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000454 ! kinetic response to an attractant relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000295 ! direct orthokinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000451 name: negative thigmokinesis def: "Inhibition of movement in response to contact stimuli." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Observed in Anopheles messeae larvae. is_a: MOSBP:0000223 ! larval kinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000452 name: photokinesis def: "It has been observed in Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles messeae larvae in the laboratory. If exposed to bright light, fourth instar larvae moved about incessantly at the water surface and dived frequently. When by chance they entered a shaded part of the container they became inactive; as a result, almost all larvae congregated in the shade." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000223 ! larval kinesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000453 name: kinetic response to an arrestant def: "Arrestant is substance that induces animals to remain in its presense through their undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion (orthokinesis), or changing their rate of turning (klinokinesis)." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000292 ! kinetic response to chemical stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000454 name: kinetic response to an attractant def: "Attractan is substance that induces animals to make oriented movements towards its source." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000292 ! kinetic response to chemical stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000455 name: larval diving def: "A larva spontaneously separates itself from the water surface and descends with a swimming component." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000598 ! larval locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000456 name: larval gliding def: "A submerged larva, while feeding, moves anteriorly propelled by currents generated by the actions of its mouthparts." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000598 ! larval locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000457 name: chemotaxis def: "Tactic responses to chemical compounds." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000222 ! taxis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000458 name: geotaxis def: "Tactical responses to gravitation." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000222 ! taxis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000459 name: phototaxis def: "Tactic responses to light." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000222 ! taxis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000460 name: thigmotaxis def: "Is described as a tendency to maintain bodily contact with solid objects." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Anopheles larvae exhibit this behaviour. In fact, they exhibit negative thigmotaxis; locomotion is reduced by contact with a solid object. is_a: MOSBP:0000222 ! taxis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000465 name: ultrastructural changes in the Trophocytes def: "During successive ovarian cycles the fat body passes through a parallel series of cyclesof ultrastructural generation and degeneration, during each of which the fat body cells or trophocytes exhibit three stages: (i) A previtellogenic stage of activity. (ii) A vitellogenic stage. (iii) A termination stage." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000046 ! vitellogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000466 name: previtellogenic development def: "In newly emerged females the cytoplasm of each trophocyte was rich in reserves, containing lipid droplets, glycogen bodies, and three types of membrane-bounded protein granule." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: During the first three days after emergence the nucleolus grew >3-fold and its enlarging granular component came to contain many maturing pre-ribosomes. The number of ribosomes in the cytoplasm increased sharply. Rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the form of cisternae,located in rows, Conentric circles or round lipid inclusions. The Golgi complexes developed into well-defined organelles consisting of small vesicles, 3-4 short vesicular cisternae, and a few larger vesicles. The plasma membrane bacame extended into numerous infoldings, increasing its surface area. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000465 ! ultrastructural changes in the Trophocytes [Term] id: MOSBP:0000467 name: vitellogenic stage def: "During this stage, the nucleolus became more multilobed, ribosome proliferation had been renewed, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was undergoin reorganization." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000465 ! ultrastructural changes in the Trophocytes relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000466 ! previtellogenic development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000468 name: termination stage def: "Termination of vitellogenin synthesis starts with a sharp decline in the concentration of vitellogenin in the fat body. This decline is thought to be associated with a simultaneous and dramatic rise in lysosomal activity." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: Ultrastructural studies showed that two processes were involved: (i) autophagy, which involved the sequestration of organelles by isolation membranes, followed by fusion of the so-formed isolation body with primary lysosomes; and (ii) crinophagy, which involved the direct fusion of organelles with primary lysosomes. is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000465 ! ultrastructural changes in the Trophocytes relationship: preceded_by MOSBP:0000467 ! vitellogenic stage [Term] id: MOSBP:0000469 name: stimulation of vitellogenin synthesis def: "During the privitellogenic phase of each ovarian cycle the fat body is made competent for vitellogenin synthesis. Stimulated by juvenile hormone, the trophocytes bacame polyploid and their nucleoli enlarge." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000047 ! vitellogenin synthesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000470 name: termination of vitellogenin synthesis def: "The mechanism regulating termination of vitellogenin synthesis remains to be fully elucidated. Lysosomal degradation causes the termination but whether this is programmed solely by the fat body or whether other factors are involved remain uncertain." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000047 ! vitellogenin synthesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000471 name: free-running of rhythm def: "Flight-activity periodicties that had been entrained by photoperiod free-ran in DD or LL, and therefore were endogenously controlled rhythms. The same was observed for the erection of male antennal fibrillae and male responsiveness to the female flight tone, for the responsiveness of females to host cues, and for oviposition activity." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000493 ! adult circadian rhythm [Term] id: MOSBP:0000472 name: compulsive killing def: "When kept with prey in small containers, Toxorhynchites fourth instar larvae that have reached an advanced stage of development stop feeding but continue killing." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000473 name: onset of immediate inhibition of responsiveness def: "Culicine females that have engorged fully usually become inactive and non-responsive to host cues." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: When females of Aedes aegypti were exposed to host odour within 1h of taking a blood meal, those that imbibed 2,5 micro litre blood, or less, remained fully responsive. Responsiveness was negatively correlated with bloodmeal volume within the range 2.5-4 micro litre. is_a: MOSBP:0000414 ! responsiveness to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000474 name: onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness def: "Non-immediate blocking of responsiveness to host cues. Females remained responsive to host odour for 24h after receiving a 1 micro litre blood enema." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: Ovary development occured in many of these females, and from about 30 h after receiving the enema, those that developed ovaries failed to respond to host odour.\nThe onset and termination of delayed inhibiton are affected by insemination and ovipostion, and the mechanisms that regulate it involve haemolymph-borne factors. is_a: MOSBP:0000414 ! responsiveness to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000475 name: responsiveness of lactic acid-sensitive neurones def: "The reversible change in sensitivity of the lactic acid-sensitive neurones can account for the switching between host-finding and non-host-finding." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000474 ! onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000476 name: effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone def: "Injection of picorgram quantities of 20-hydroxyecdysone into ovariectomized females of Aedes aegypti after blood-feeding caused a significant decrease in responsiveness to host cues when tested 72 h after blood-feeding, provided the females had been inseminated and were not deprived of sucrose." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000474 ! onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000477 name: fat body factor def: "The fat body is the source of a factor that can induce the reduction in sensitivity of the LA-excited neurones." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: That the fat body can be the source of such a factor was shown by transplanting, into sugar-fed females, fat body from females that had blood-fed 24 h previously. Twenty-four hours later the recipintes lacked highly sensitive LA-excited neurones, and had become significantly less responsive to host odour. We do not know what factor acts directly on the LA-excited neurones. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000474 ! onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness [Term] id: MOSBP:0000478 name: recovery of responsiveness to host cue def: "The return of sensitivity to host cues." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000414 ! responsiveness to host cue [Term] id: MOSBP:0000481 name: onset of activity in crepuscular species def: "For species that become active around sunset, it is possible that the time at which acticity starts is governed by (i) zenith light intensity; (ii) the angle of the sun; (iii) time in relation to sunset." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000614 ! process_boundary [Term] id: MOSBP:0000493 name: adult circadian rhythm def: "The outward expression of an internal oscillator system that entrains to significant 24h oscillations in the external environment." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The activity patterns of wild mosquitoes have a phase relationship with the natural cycle of light and darkness. The times of activity of some species fall within the hours of daylight, those of other species during twilight or during the hours of darkness. is_a: MOSBP:0000039 ! rythmic process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000494 name: behaviour of crepuscular and nocturnal species def: "Among species that show crepuscular/nocturnal activity, some are most active for brief periods at dusk or at dusk and dawn." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: It may be that, in nature, the gradual changes in light intensity around sunset and dawn play some part in the expression of activity at those times; however, the persistance E, M and Nd peaks in constant darkness and in constant dim light shows that endogenous mechanisms are involved. is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000495 name: behaviour of male and virgin female def: "The behaviours of male and virgin female mosquitoes relate principally to mating and feeding on plant juices. Flight periodicities recorded in the laboratory for four species were characterized by bursts of activity at dusk and, to a lesser extent, dawn with scotophase activity present or not, according to species." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000494 ! behaviour of crepuscular and nocturnal species [Term] id: MOSBP:0000496 name: behaviour of inseminated non-blood-fed female def: "In the laboratory, in most of the four nocturnal/crepuscular species investigated, insemination led to a reduction in the E and M flight-activity peaks shown by virgin femlaes and an increase in scotophase activity. Such a periodicity was characteristic of wild females of all these species taken in biting catches." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000494 ! behaviour of crepuscular and nocturnal species [Term] id: MOSBP:0000497 name: behaviour of blood-fed, gravid and parous female def: "Inseminated females that have taken a full blood meal are characteristically inactive during the first stages of vitellogenesis, although they may fly to obtain nectar. Flight activity is resumed once they are gravid." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000494 ! behaviour of crepuscular and nocturnal species [Term] id: MOSBP:0000498 name: behaviour of diurnal species def: "WIld females exhibit peaks of alighting on vertebrate hosts and of oviposition at the beginning and end of the photophase. Captive females show a similar bimodal pattern with regard to flight activity, sugar feeding, response to host odour, and oviposition. When continuously exposed to sugar or host odour captive females showed significant levels of activity throughout the scotophase." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000499 name: effect of simulated crepuscular conditions and moonlight def: "Photoperiods with abrupt transitions of light intensity between the L and D phases induced slightly different periodicities from those of photoperiods with gradual transitions. Abrupt light-ons induced an apparent startle response. In constant dim light within the intensity range of moonlight, flight activity was more intense than in constant darkness." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000493 ! adult circadian rhythm [Term] id: MOSBP:0000500 name: effect of insemination in the adult circadian rhythm def: "A rhythm-modifying factor that is transferred to the female during copulation induces changes in the pattern of flight-activity periodicities." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000493 ! adult circadian rhythm [Term] id: MOSBP:0000502 name: feeding on plant sugar def: "The sugars in plant fluids are an extensively used energy source for both males and females. Mosquitoes also obtain plant-derived sugars from other insects and their excretions. Plant fluids provide both sugars and water, and are an important component of mosquito nutrition." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000082 ! sugar feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000503 name: flower visiting def: "Investigations of flower visiting in mosquitoes in particular habitats, and conducted throughout the diel, showed that the mosquitoes imbibed nectar from some plant species but not from others." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000502 ! feeding on plant sugar [Term] id: MOSBP:0000506 name: insect source def: "Acquiring plant sugars from other insects." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000082 ! sugar feeding [Term] id: MOSBP:0000507 name: honeydew def: "The excretory product of many Homoptera, honeydew, provides a food source for adult Diptera, which secrete saliva on to the dry deposits and imbibe the dissolved sugars." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000506 ! insect source [Term] id: MOSBP:0000508 name: ant as a sugar source def: "Adult female mosquitoes of the sabethine genus Malaya have evolved a remarkable manner of acquiring fluids of plant origin: they imbibe fluid regurgitated by ants of the genus Crematogaster. The habit has not been described for males." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000506 ! insect source [Term] id: MOSBP:0000509 name: diel periodicity of sugar feeding def: "All measurements of the intensities of nectar feeding that have been made over periods of days revealed diel periodicities." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] comment: The times at which species fed on nectar tended to coincide with those at which they displayed other activiites, i.e. individual species were consistently diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal. This alone suggests taht an endogenous rhythm underlies the timing of sugar feeding. relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000502 ! feeding on plant sugar [Term] id: MOSBP:0000521 name: female sexual responsiveness def: "The females of most mosquito species are sexually unreceptive during the first 30-60h of adult life. During this period they may couple with males but do not become inseminated." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000215 ! sexual behaviour relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000321 ! sexual responsiveness and refractoriness relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000413 ! regulation of sexual behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000526 name: orientation towards the source of an odour plume def: "Mosquitoes are capable of odour-mediated, optomotor-guided navigation upwind, and experimentation has shown that the females of certain species respond to odour emanating from hosts 22 or 36 m distant." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000363 ! response to host odour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000527 name: response to stimulus born by convection current def: "Female mosquitoes respond to warm dry air rising from a heated dish, but respond much more strongly to a human hand. Undoubtedly, convection currents that rise from warm-blooded animals carry such constituents of host odour as water vapour, CO2 and organic volatiles." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000366 ! response to stimulus [Term] id: MOSBP:0000540 name: extrinsic incubation period def: "The period from ingestion of the infectious blood meal to transmission capability." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0000092 ! temporal region [Term] id: MOSBP:0000541 name: approach of oviposition site def: "The behavioural pattern of mosquitoes when choosing where to deposit their eggs." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000568 ! egg laying behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000546 name: osmotic and ionic regulation def: "Mosquito larvae are found in a wide range of habitats, from rain-filled pools and containers at one extreme to inland saline pools of high salinity, high alkalinity and unusual ionic composition at the other. The capacity to survive under one or other, or even both, of these extreme conditions is due to powerful transport processes in the epithelia of the alimentary canal and anal papillae which provide homeostasis of the internal environment, making mosquito larvae among the best ionic and osmotic regulators in the animal kingdom." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000549 name: regulation of the haemolymph def: "Fluxes immediately bear upon the haemolymph, but the larvae can regulate the composition of their haemolymph to within narrow limits." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] comment: All species appear able to regulate when in fresh water, some can regulate in fresh and brackish water, and a few in fresh and highly saline water. is_a: MOSBP:0000546 ! osmotic and ionic regulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000550 name: phagocytosis def: "The process by which a cell engulfs a small particle. It is the initial response of arthropod hemocytes to bacteria and other small particles." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3, ISBN:0-87081-411-7] comment: Once contact between the invader and the phagocyte is made, attachment occurs which can be mediated by serum factors or opsonins. The uptake proceeds by surrounding the invader with filopodia or by ingestion in coated vesicles.\nPlasmatocytes and granular cells are the primary hemocyte types that take part in phagocytosis. is_a: MOSBP:0000437 ! immune response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000551 name: nodule formation def: "Nodules appear as compacted masses of bacteria enmeshed wih hemocytes, the whole of which usually becomse infiltrated with the pigment melanin. Many nodules are then walled off under a final layer of hemocytes." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3, ISBN:0-87081-411-7] comment: Although small infections with bacteria are dealt with through phagocytosis, the response to more overwhelming infections is nodule formation. is_a: MOSBP:0000630 ! melanotic encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000553 name: signal transduction def: "There is a variety of signal transduction processes that take place within plasma membranes: activation of ion channles; activation of adenylate cyclase; activation of phospholinase C and A2. Also protein phosphorylation by kinases represents the most common transduction pathway." [ISBN:0-87081-411-7] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000440 ! encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000554 name: cell-to-cell communication def: "Communication between similar or different cells through a variety of mediators, like cytokines." [ISBN:0-87081-411-7] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000440 ! encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000556 name: adult circa-bi-dian rhythm def: "A biological rhythm with a natural period of about 48 h." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000039 ! rythmic process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000557 name: response to emanations from larva and pupa def: "Some gravid mosquitoes oviposit preferentially on water that previously contained larvae, pupae, exuviae or emerging adult, this was ascribed to chemical factors produced by them. Those factors are classed as pheromones by some authors." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000369 ! response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition [Term] id: MOSBP:0000559 name: ovulation def: "The extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts." [ISBN:0-81599-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000381 ! egg laying [Term] id: MOSBP:0000560 name: previtellogenic arrest def: "An imoprtant adaptation of anautogeny is the establishment of previtellogenic developmental arrest preventing the activation of YPP genes in previtellogenic competent females prior to blood feeding." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000299 ! anautogeny [Term] id: MOSBP:0000561 name: expression of fixed action patterns def: "Specific behaviors programmed into the central nervous system (CNS), which when released at appropriate times provide a selective advantage to those individuals expressing them." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000165 ! nervous system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000562 name: compound organ is_a: MOSBP:0000642 ! anatomical structure created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T11:32:53Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000563 name: male terminalia rotation def: "Male mosquitoes eclose with genitalia that are imporperly positioned for mating. Before they are able to successfully copulate, their terminalia must rotate through 180 degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part [Term] id: MOSBP:0000564 name: flight metabolism def: "Insect flight muscle is the most metabolically active tissue known. Flight can be powered by sugar, lipid or proline metabolism." [ISBN:0-13-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000203 ! adult energy metabolism [Term] id: MOSBP:0000565 name: release of 20-hydroxyecdysone def: "The rise in 20-hydtroxyecdysone levels after the blood meal stimulates the vitellogenic phase of development." [ISBN:0-13-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000046 ! vitellogenesis [Term] id: MOSBP:0000566 name: encapsulation response to protozoan parasite def: "The occurence of melanized ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites within the salivary glands. Also ookinetes are encapsulated betweent he basal lamina of the midgut and the midgut epithelial cells and are not directly in the hemocoel." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000629 ! melanization defense response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000567 name: acellular encapsulation def: "Capsules take the form of a sheath of melanin deposited on the surface of foreign objects." [ISBN:0-13-473276-3] comment: It occurs primarily among certain nematoceran Diptera, e.g., mosquitoes, sand flies. synonym: "humoral encapsulation" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] synonym: "humoral melanization" RELATED [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000630 ! melanotic encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000568 name: egg laying behaviour def: "The behavioural events leading to oviposition by a gravid mosquito. They usually follow the sequence: ranging flight, orientation, encounter and acceptance." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000381 ! egg laying [Term] id: MOSBP:0000569 name: development of the genital imaginal disk def: "In Aedes stimulans larvae of both genotypes an imaginal disk appears, during the 3rd instar, as a medial pair of epidermal thickenings in the posteroventral region of the 8th abdominal segment. During the first half of the 4th instar cell division occurs in these thickenings and in the area between them, and the disk develops into two lateral podal buds and a median plate." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000248 ! imaginal disk development [Term] id: MOSBP:0000570 name: courtship def: "Male display of specialized behaviour patterns that overcome female unreceptiveness and form the normal preliminaries to copulation." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000000 ! mating [Term] id: MOSBP:0000571 name: turnover of transductive membrane def: "The repeated restructuration of the light sensitive membrane through a cycle of degradation and renewal which is synchronous with the natural diel cycle of illlumination." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000227 ! larval vision [Term] id: MOSBP:0000597 name: humoral response to filarial worms def: "Recognition of the microfilariae within the hemocoele triggers a humoral immune response that may result in melanotic encapsulation." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000437 ! immune response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000598 name: larval locomotion def: "The assortment of movements of mosquito larvae." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000151 ! locomotion relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000610 name: movement within an odour plume def: "Upon entering an odour plume, mosquitoes continue to fly in a straight line. But if the subsequentely leave the plume they engage in rapid turns, a strategy that presumably increases the probability that they will reenter the plume or a neighboring one." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000292 ! kinetic response to chemical stimulus relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000363 ! response to host odour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000611 name: regulation of larval behaviour def: "Any process that modulates the behavioural patterns of larvae." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] comment: Knowledge of larval behaviour is essential to predicting where the insects are most likely to be found for purposes of census and management. It is important to understand when, where and how immatures feed when attempting to control them with microbial agents. is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000180 ! larval behavioural process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000612 name: regulation of larval feeding behaviour def: "The rate of food ingestion by larvae is generally enhanced by yeast extracts, nucleotides and generatl viscosity of the water. Temperature of water, larval instar and prior starvation also influence feeding rates. Larvae may also aggregate in response to gradients of temperature and nutrients within the water." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000611 ! regulation of larval behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000613 name: regulation of alarm behaviour def: "Differences in the response thresholds of larvae are heritable and can be modified by their nutritional state. Larvae that are maintained on a suboptimal diet are less likely to display the alarm response when stimulated by light." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000611 ! regulation of larval behaviour [Term] id: MOSBP:0000614 name: process_boundary def: "A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary." [SPAN:process_boundary] created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T11:48:42Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000615 name: regulation of circadian rhythmicity def: "The rhythms are generally entrained by photoperiod and temperature and appear to be governed by multiple endogenous circadian pacemakers. Females that have mated often show an altered periodicity that eliminates the acitivity peak normally associated with the time of day that mating occurs." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000493 ! adult circadian rhythm [Term] id: MOSBP:0000616 name: amino acid absorption def: "Once the proteins have been degraded to their constituent amino acids in the lumen of the gut, they must be absorbed by the midgut epithelial cells and transferred to the haemolymph, from which they can be taken up by the fat body and other tissues." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000044 ! absorption of the products of digestion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000617 name: carbohydrate absorption def: "Insects use a unique mechanism to create a concentration gradient in glucose betweent he midgut lumen and the haemolymph taht ensures efficient passive transport." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000044 ! absorption of the products of digestion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000618 name: lipid absorption def: "Several species accumulate fat droplets in midgut cells during blood meal digestion, but the origin of this lipid is unclear." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] comment: Nothing is known about the mechanism of lipid absorption in insects. is_a: MOSBP:0000044 ! absorption of the products of digestion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000619 name: regulation of biological process def: "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule." [GO:0050789] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000620 name: immune system process def: "Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats." [GO:0002376] is_a: MOSBP:0000149 ! physiological process of malaria vector [Term] id: MOSBP:0000621 name: activation of immune response def: "For a defense response to be triggered by an infected organism, the pathogen has to be detected and self-damage avoided by distinguishing it from self-tissues." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000620 ! immune system process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000622 name: pathogen recognition molecule def: "Several types of insect plasma proteins have been shown to function as pattern-recognition molecules. They bind to one or more polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide components on the surface of microbial cells. These interactions stimulate immune responses, such as phagocytosis, nodule formation and phenol oxidase activation." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: IDOMAL:0001034 ! abiotic relationship: participates_in MOSBP:0000621 ! activation of immune response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000625 name: activation of proteolytic cascade def: "The process of sequential activation of multiple proteases and other substrates, ultimately resulting in localized and highly regulated responses." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000437 ! immune response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000626 name: activation of phenol oxidase def: "After pathogen recognition proteolytic processing of pro-phenoloxidase activating enzyme (proPPAE) generates actve PPAE, which in turn cleaves pro-phenoloxidase (proPO) to active phenol oxidase. Phenol oxidase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dopa, which is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase (DDC)." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000268 ! fiat process part relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000625 ! activation of proteolytic cascade [Term] id: MOSBP:0000627 name: regulation of proteolytic cascade def: "The immune responses activated by proteases are regulated in vivo to limit them to localized areas and to protect the host from harmful effects of overstimulation of the immune system. In arthropods, as in mammals, serpins are used for regulation." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000619 ! regulation of biological process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000625 ! activation of proteolytic cascade [Term] id: MOSBP:0000629 name: melanization defense response def: "The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin." [GO:0035006] synonym: "melanization defence response" RELATED [GO:0035006] is_a: MOSBP:0000437 ! immune response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000630 name: melanotic encapsulation def: "Encapsulation is a common immune reaction in insects against parasites or pathogens taht can also be induced by injection of expermental materials into the hemocoel. Cellular encapsulation can occur in two forms: (1) as nodule formation against small particulate material (e.g., bacteria), and (2) as capsule formation, which often occurs if the foreign object exceeds the size of phagocytic hemocytes." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000440 ! encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000631 name: capsule formation def: "It occurs in its simplest form when a large foreign object becomes covered by certain types of hemocytes, which eventually form flattened layers completely enclosing the object." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000630 ! melanotic encapsulation [Term] id: MOSBP:0000632 name: response to microfilarial worm def: "The worms are enclosed in an acellular layer of melanin, perhaps with the active participation of hemocytes. Subsequently, hemocyte adherence occurs, resulting in a single-layered cellular capsule over the melanized core." [ISBN:0-12-473276-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000629 ! melanization defense response [Term] id: MOSBP:0000636 name: growth of the alimentary canal def: "During the larval stage the alimentary canal grows by increase in cell size and with the formation polytene and endopolyploid nuclei." [ISBN:0-412-40180-0] is_a: MOSBP:0000438 ! growth created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-11-30T12:35:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000637 name: hormone secretion def: "The release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells." [GO:0046879] relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000169 ! endocrine system process created_by: elvira creation_date: 2007-12-03T12:45:00Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000638 name: adult locomotion def: "The assortment of movements of the adult mosquito." [ISBN:0-85199-313-3] is_a: MOSBP:0000151 ! locomotion [Term] id: MOSBP:0000639 name: catabolic process def: "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism." [GO:0009056] synonym: "breakdown" EXACT [GO:0009056] synonym: "catabolism" EXACT [GO:0009056] synonym: "degradation" EXACT [GO:0009056] is_a: MOSBP:0000194 ! metabolic process [Term] id: MOSBP:0000641 name: state created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T12:11:57Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000642 name: anatomical structure def: "Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome." [CARO:0000003] xref: CARO:0000003 is_a: IDOMAL:0000343 ! biotic created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T07:43:37Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000643 name: anatomical group def: "Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue." [CARO:0000054] xref: CARO:0000054 is_a: MOSBP:0000642 ! anatomical structure created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T07:44:56Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000644 name: anatomical system def: "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity." [CARO:0000011] xref: CARO:0000011 is_a: MOSBP:0000643 ! anatomical group created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T07:46:28Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000645 name: anatomical cluster def: "Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another." [CARO:0000041] xref: CARO:00000041 is_a: MOSBP:0000643 ! anatomical group created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T07:49:15Z [Term] id: MOSBP:0000648 name: adult locomotion behaviour is_a: MOSBP:0000182 ! adult behavioural process relationship: part_of MOSBP:0000638 ! adult locomotion created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T10:42:01Z [Typedef] id: agent_in name: agent_in is_transitive: true [Typedef] id: happens_during name: happens_during def: "p happens_during s iff start_of(s) <= start_of(p) & end_of(p) <= end_of(s)" [:happens_during "http://obo.cvs.sourceforge.net/*checkout*/obo/obo/ontology/OBO_REL/ro_proposed.obo"] created_by: louis creation_date: 2009-06-29T12:56:19Z [Typedef] id: has_part name: has_part is_reflexive: true is_transitive: true inverse_of: part_of ! part_of is_anti_symmetric: true [Typedef] id: has_participant name: has_participant def: "P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t." [PMID:15892874] comment: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. inverse_of: participates_in ! participates_in [Typedef] id: has_role name: has_role alt_id: OBO_REL:0000033 def: "A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of." [GOC:cjm] [Typedef] id: part_of name: part_of def: "For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation. )." [PMID:15892874] comment: Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell. is_reflexive: true is_transitive: true inverse_of: has_part ! has_part is_anti_symmetric: true [Typedef] id: participates_in name: participates_in def: "C participates_in_some P if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t." [:participates_in "http://www.fruitfly.org/~cjm/ro/OBO_REL_C/0000020.html"] inverse_of: has_participant ! has_participant [Typedef] id: preceded_by name: preceded_by def: "P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t." [:preceded_by "http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#preceded_by", PMID:15892874] comment: An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is_transitive: true inverse_of: precedes ! precedes created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-08T10:33:13Z [Typedef] id: precedes name: precedes is_transitive: true inverse_of: preceded_by ! preceded_by [Typedef] id: realized_by name: realized_by alt_id: OBO_REL:0000035 alt_id: OBO_REL:realized_as def: "Relation between a realizable and a process. Reciprocal relation of realizes." [GOC:cjm] comment: NOTE: there appears to be some consistency in usage as to whether processes or continuants realize synonym: "executed_during" RELATED [] synonym: "has_realization" EXACT [] inverse_of: realizes ! realizes priority: 1-01 created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T11:22:12Z [Typedef] id: realizes name: realizes alt_id: OBO_REL:0000034 def: "Relation between a process and a function, where the unfolding of the process requires the execution of the function. Class level: P realizes F iff: given any p that instantiates P, there exists some f, t such that f instantiates F at t and p *realizes* f. Here, *realizes* is the primitive instance level relation." [GOC:cjm] comment: The process of 'histidine catabolism' (GO:0006548) realizes the function 'histidine ammonia lyase activity' (GO:0004397) (note: here 'activity' denotes a function and not a process). We leave open the possibility of defining in future the sub-relations directly_realizes (as bewteen a function and it's functioning) and indirectly_realizes. NOTE: there appears to be some consistency in usage as to whether processes or continuants realize synonym: "executes" RELATED [] synonym: "has_function_part" EXACT [] synonym: "involves_execution_of" RELATED [] synonym: "is_realization_of" EXACT [] xref: OBO_REL:0000034 inverse_of: realized_by ! realized_by priority: 1-01 created_by: Pantelis creation_date: 2009-07-12T09:05:59Z