{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456","synonym":["High blood sugar","Hyperglycemia","High blood glucose","High Blood Sugar"],"notation":"C0020456","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T047"],"cui":["C0020456"],"prefLabel":"High Blood Glucose","definition":["<h3>What is blood glucose?</h3> <p><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">Blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.</p> <p>For people with <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html\">diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.</p> <h3>What is hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>Hyperglycemia means high blood glucose. It most often affects people who have diabetes. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. </p> <h3>What causes hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>A key part of managing diabetes is controlling your blood glucose levels. To do this, you need to follow a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">diabetes meal plan</a> and get <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html\">regular physical activity</a>. You might also need to take diabetes medicines. You have to balance all of these to keep your blood glucose at the right levels. But if you eat too much food or the wrong foods, don't take your medicines correctly, or don't get physical activity, you can get hyperglycemia. It can also happen if you are <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html\">stressed</a> or sick.</p> <p>Less commonly, people who don't have diabetes can also get hyperglycemia. It can be caused by conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. They include problems with your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html\">pancreas</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html\">adrenal glands</a>, certain medicines, and severe illnesses.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hyperglycemia include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling thirsty</li> <li>Feeling tired or weak</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html\">Headaches</a></li> <li>Urinating (peeing) often</li> <li>Blurred vision</li> </ul> <p>If you are diabetic and you often have high blood glucose levels or the symptoms of hyperglycemia, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you don't have diabetes and you are having these symptoms, see your provider to find out the cause and how to treat it.</p> <h3>What other problems can hyperglycemia cause?</h3> <p>If hyperglycemia is not treated, it can cause other problems. In people with diabetes, long-term hyperglycemia can lead to serious <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html\">health problems</a> (diabetes complications).</p> <p>If your blood glucose levels get very high, you can develop diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA). It happens when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood glucose into your cells for use as energy. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for fuel. This process produces acids called ketones. When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up to dangerous levels in your body. This can be life-threatening.</p> <p>The symptoms of DKA may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html\">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html\">Nausea or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html\">Pain in your abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Feeling very tired or sleepy</li> </ul> <p>If you have an an at-home test for ketones, check your ketone level every 4 to 6 hours when your blood glucose is very high or when you are having these symptoms. If the test shows that your ketones are moderate or high, or if you don't have a ketones test, contact your health care provider right away or get emergency medical help.</p> <h3>How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too high. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.</p> <p>There are also <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/\">blood tests</a> that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too high.</p><p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes and often have high blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you have severe hyperglycemia and are having symptoms of DKA, you will need treatment at the hospital. The treatment often includes I.V. (intravenous) fluids and insulin.</p> <h3>Can hyperglycemia be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, managing your diabetes can help prevent hyperglycemia. To manage your diabetes, it's important to:</p> <ul> <li>Follow your diabetes meal plan</li> <li>Get regular physical activity</li> <li>If you need diabetes medicines, take them correctly</li> <li>Regularly check your blood glucose level</li> <li>Get regular checkups with your health care team</li> </ul>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2362507"],"parents":[{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","notation":"C0014136","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T022"],"cui":["C0014136"],"prefLabel":"Endocrine System","subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456590","http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"],"label":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"synonym":[],"definition":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0014136","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}},{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","synonym":["Diabetes","Diabetes mellitus","DM"],"notation":"C0011849","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T047"],"cui":["C0011849"],"prefLabel":"Diabetes Mellitus","definition":["<h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html\">hormone</a> made by your pancreas. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy.</p> <p>If you have diabetes, your body can't make insulin, can't use insulin as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. This can cause glucose levels to get too high. Over time, high blood glucose levels can lead to <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html\">serious health conditions</a>. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of diabetes?</h3> <p>There are different types of diabetes:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html\">Type 1 diabetes</a></strong>. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. It happens when your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html\">immune system</a> attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. </li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</strong> This is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body may still be able to make insulin, but your cells don't respond well to insulin. They can't easily take up enough glucose from your blood.</li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">Gestational diabetes</a>.</strong> This is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different causes:</p> <ul> <li>Researchers think <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> is caused by <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-1-diabetes/\">genes</a> and factors in the environment that might trigger the disease.</li> <li><strong>Type 2 diabetes</strong> is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes\">genes</a>. The lifestyle factors include <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">not being physically active</a> and being overweight or having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a>.</li> <li>Researchers think <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes/\">genetic</a> and lifestyle factors.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different risk factors:</p> <ul> <li>You can develop <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> at any age, but it most often starts in childhood. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.</li> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Are over age 35. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html\">Children, teenagers,</a> and younger adults can get diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older adults.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Have <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html\">prediabetes</a>. This means that your blood glucose is higher than normal, but it's not high enough to be called diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander.</li> <li>Are not physically active.</li> <li>Have certain other health conditions, such as <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html\">high blood pressure</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).</li> </ul> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</li> <li>Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetes?</h3> <p>The symptoms of diabetes may include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li>Feeling very hungry</li> <li>Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html\">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands</li> <li>Sores that do not heal</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> </ul> <p>But it's important to know that your symptoms may vary, depending on which type you have:</p> <ul> <li>The symptoms of <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> usually come on quickly and can be severe.</li> <li>With <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> the symptoms often develop slowly, over several years. The symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them.</li> <li><strong>Gestational diabetes</strong> often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild. If you are pregnant, you will usually be screened for this condition between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. </li> </ul> <h3>How is diabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have diabetes, your health care provider will use one or more <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/\">glucose blood tests</a>. There are several types, including the <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html\">A1C test</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatment for diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels:</p> <ul> <li>If you have <strong>type 1 diabetes,</strong> you will need to take daily doses of insulin, either by injection or through a special pump. Some people also need to take another type of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html\">diabetes medicine</a> that works with insulin.</li> <li>If you have <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> you may be able to manage or even reverse it by making <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html\">lifestyle changes</a>. These include eating a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">healthy diet</a>, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html\">staying at healthy weight</a>, and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html\">getting regular physical activity</a>. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines to manage their diabetes.</li> <li>If you have <strong>gestational diabetes,</strong> you may be able to lower your glucose levels by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But be sure to talk to your provider about your treatment options. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you give birth. But you will have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.</li> </ul> <p>Checking your blood glucose levels is also an important part of managing your diabetes. Ask your provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.</p> <h3>Can diabetes be prevented?</h3> <p><strong>Type 1 diabetes</strong> can't be prevented.</p> <p>You may be able to delay or prevent <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> through the same lifestyle changes that are used to manage diabetes (eating a healthy diet, staying at a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity). These lifestyle changes may also help prevent <strong>gestational diabetes</strong>.</p> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456590","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0001792","http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2362507"],"label":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0011849","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}},{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2362507","notation":"C2362507","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T046"],"cui":["C2362507"],"prefLabel":"Metabolic Problems","subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456590","http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"],"label":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"synonym":[],"definition":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2362507","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC2362507","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}}],"label":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"memberOf":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"isInActiveScheme":[null],"isInActiveCollection":[],"properties":{"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel":["High blood sugar","Hyperglycemia","High blood glucose","High Blood Sugar"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/mapped_from":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/RQ":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/mapped_to":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456"],"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type":["http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/tui":["T047"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/related_to":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0392201"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/DATE_CREATED":["04/08/2013"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation":["C0020456"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/SOS":["Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose. Hyperglycemia happens when your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way.https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T047"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/SY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui":["C0020456"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel":["High Blood Glucose"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition":["<h3>What is blood glucose?</h3> <p><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">Blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.</p> <p>For people with <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html\">diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.</p> <h3>What is hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>Hyperglycemia means high blood glucose. It most often affects people who have diabetes. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. </p> <h3>What causes hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>A key part of managing diabetes is controlling your blood glucose levels. To do this, you need to follow a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">diabetes meal plan</a> and get <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html\">regular physical activity</a>. You might also need to take diabetes medicines. You have to balance all of these to keep your blood glucose at the right levels. But if you eat too much food or the wrong foods, don't take your medicines correctly, or don't get physical activity, you can get hyperglycemia. It can also happen if you are <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html\">stressed</a> or sick.</p> <p>Less commonly, people who don't have diabetes can also get hyperglycemia. It can be caused by conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. They include problems with your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html\">pancreas</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html\">adrenal glands</a>, certain medicines, and severe illnesses.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hyperglycemia include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling thirsty</li> <li>Feeling tired or weak</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html\">Headaches</a></li> <li>Urinating (peeing) often</li> <li>Blurred vision</li> </ul> <p>If you are diabetic and you often have high blood glucose levels or the symptoms of hyperglycemia, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you don't have diabetes and you are having these symptoms, see your provider to find out the cause and how to treat it.</p> <h3>What other problems can hyperglycemia cause?</h3> <p>If hyperglycemia is not treated, it can cause other problems. In people with diabetes, long-term hyperglycemia can lead to serious <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html\">health problems</a> (diabetes complications).</p> <p>If your blood glucose levels get very high, you can develop diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA). It happens when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood glucose into your cells for use as energy. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for fuel. This process produces acids called ketones. When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up to dangerous levels in your body. This can be life-threatening.</p> <p>The symptoms of DKA may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html\">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html\">Nausea or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html\">Pain in your abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Feeling very tired or sleepy</li> </ul> <p>If you have an an at-home test for ketones, check your ketone level every 4 to 6 hours when your blood glucose is very high or when you are having these symptoms. If the test shows that your ketones are moderate or high, or if you don't have a ketones test, contact your health care provider right away or get emergency medical help.</p> <h3>How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too high. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.</p> <p>There are also <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/\">blood tests</a> that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too high.</p><p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes and often have high blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you have severe hyperglycemia and are having symptoms of DKA, you will need treatment at the hospital. The treatment often includes I.V. (intravenous) fluids and insulin.</p> <h3>Can hyperglycemia be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, managing your diabetes can help prevent hyperglycemia. To manage your diabetes, it's important to:</p> <ul> <li>Follow your diabetes meal plan</li> <li>Get regular physical activity</li> <li>If you need diabetes medicines, take them correctly</li> <li>Regularly check your blood glucose level</li> <li>Get regular checkups with your health care team</li> </ul>"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/MP_PRIMARY_INSTITUTE_URL":["National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases https://www.niddk.nih.gov"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/MP_OTHER_LANGUAGE_URL":["Ukrainian https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Ukrainian","Nepali https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Nepali","Hindi https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Hindi","Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)","Japanese https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Japanese","Korean https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Korean","Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)","Russian https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Russian","French https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#French","Spanish https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html","Arabic https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Arabic","Somali https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Somali","Spanish https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Spanish"],"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2362507"]},"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020456","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0020456","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema##<Proc:0x00007f8d4ca9cf78 /opt/ontoportal/ontologies_api/shared/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bundler/gems/ontologies_linked_data-0083660248b7/lib/ontologies_linked_data/models/class.rb:67 (lambda)>","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}}