{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0020616","synonym":["Hypoglycemic Medicines"],"notation":"C0020616","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T121"],"cui":["C0020616"],"prefLabel":"Diabetes Medicines","definition":["<h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html\">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html\">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body does not make insulin. With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">type 2 diabetes</a>,your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.<p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatments for diabetes can depend on the type. Common treatments include a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">diabetic meal plan</a>, regular physical activity, and medicines. Some less common treatments are <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html\">weight loss surgery</a> for either type and an artificial pancreas or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html\">pancreatic islet transplantation</a> for some people with type 1 diabetes.</p> <h3>Who needs diabetes medicines?</h3> <p>People with type 1 diabetes need to take a diabetes medicine called insulin to control their blood sugar.</p> <p>Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar with healthy food choices and physical activity. But for others, a diabetic meal plan and physical activity are not enough. They need to take diabetes medicines.</p> <p>The kind of medicine you take depends on your type of diabetes, daily schedule, medicine costs, and any other health conditions that you have. Over time, you may need to take more than one diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 1 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider will measure your blood glucose to decide on the type of insulin. You may need to use more than one type.</p> <p>You will also need to check your blood sugar at home. Your provider will tell you how often. The results of your blood sugar testing can help you make decisions about food, physical activity, and medicines.</p> <p>You can take insulin several different ways. The most common are with a needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. If you use a needle and syringe or a pen, you have to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. An insulin pump gives you small, steady doses throughout the day. Less common ways to take insulin include inhalers, injection ports, and jet injectors.</p> <p>In rare cases, taking insulin alone might not be enough to manage your blood sugar. Then you would need to take another diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>There are several different medicines for type 2 diabetes. Each works in a different way. Many of them are pills. There are also medicines that you inject under your skin, such as insulin.</p> <p>Over time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine. A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections.</p> <p>Even if you don't usually take insulin, you may need it at special times, such as during <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">pregnancy</a> or if you are in the hospital.</p> <h3>What else should I know about taking medicines for diabetes?</h3> <p>Even if you take medicines for diabetes, you still need to eat a healthy diet, stop smoking, take your other medicines, and get regular physical activity. These will help you manage your diabetes.</p> <p>It is important to make sure that you understand your diabetes treatment plan. Talk to your provider about:</p> <ul> <li>What your target blood sugar level is</li> <li>What to do if your blood sugar gets too low or too high</li> <li>Whether your diabetes medicines will affect other medicines you take</li> <li>If you will have any side effects from the diabetes medicines</li> </ul> <p>You should not change or stop your diabetes medicines on your own. Talk to your provider first.</p> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0013216","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849"],"parents":[{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","notation":"C0014136","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T022"],"cui":["C0014136"],"prefLabel":"Endocrine 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mellitus","DM"],"notation":"C0011849","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T047"],"cui":["C0011849"],"prefLabel":"Diabetes Mellitus","definition":["<h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html\">hormone</a> made by your pancreas. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy.</p> <p>If you have diabetes, your body can't make insulin, can't use insulin as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. This can cause glucose levels to get too high. Over time, high blood glucose levels can lead to <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html\">serious health conditions</a>. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of diabetes?</h3> <p>There are different types of diabetes:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html\">Type 1 diabetes</a></strong>. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. It happens when your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html\">immune system</a> attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. </li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</strong> This is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body may still be able to make insulin, but your cells don't respond well to insulin. They can't easily take up enough glucose from your blood.</li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">Gestational diabetes</a>.</strong> This is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different causes:</p> <ul> <li>Researchers think <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> is caused by <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-1-diabetes/\">genes</a> and factors in the environment that might trigger the disease.</li> <li><strong>Type 2 diabetes</strong> is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes\">genes</a>. The lifestyle factors include <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">not being physically active</a> and being overweight or having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a>.</li> <li>Researchers think <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes/\">genetic</a> and lifestyle factors.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different risk factors:</p> <ul> <li>You can develop <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> at any age, but it most often starts in childhood. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.</li> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Are over age 35. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html\">Children, teenagers,</a> and younger adults can get diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older adults.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Have <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html\">prediabetes</a>. This means that your blood glucose is higher than normal, but it's not high enough to be called diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander.</li> <li>Are not physically active.</li> <li>Have certain other health conditions, such as <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html\">high blood pressure</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).</li> </ul> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</li> <li>Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetes?</h3> <p>The symptoms of diabetes may include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li>Feeling very hungry</li> <li>Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html\">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands</li> <li>Sores that do not heal</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> </ul> <p>But it's important to know that your symptoms may vary, depending on which type you have:</p> <ul> <li>The symptoms of <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> usually come on quickly and can be severe.</li> <li>With <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> the symptoms often develop slowly, over several years. The symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them.</li> <li><strong>Gestational diabetes</strong> often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild. If you are pregnant, you will usually be screened for this condition between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. </li> </ul> <h3>How is diabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have diabetes, your health care provider will use one or more <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/\">glucose blood tests</a>. There are several types, including the <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html\">A1C test</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatment for diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels:</p> <ul> <li>If you have <strong>type 1 diabetes,</strong> you will need to take daily doses of insulin, either by injection or through a special pump. Some people also need to take another type of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html\">diabetes medicine</a> that works with insulin.</li> <li>If you have <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> you may be able to manage or even reverse it by making <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html\">lifestyle changes</a>. These include eating a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">healthy diet</a>, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html\">staying at healthy weight</a>, and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html\">getting regular physical activity</a>. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines to manage their diabetes.</li> <li>If you have <strong>gestational diabetes,</strong> you may be able to lower your glucose levels by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But be sure to talk to your provider about your treatment options. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you give birth. But you will have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.</li> </ul> <p>Checking your blood glucose levels is also an important part of managing your diabetes. Ask your provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.</p> <h3>Can diabetes be prevented?</h3> <p><strong>Type 1 diabetes</strong> can't be prevented.</p> <p>You may be able to delay or prevent <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> through the same lifestyle changes that are used to manage diabetes (eating a healthy diet, staying at a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity). These lifestyle changes may also help prevent <strong>gestational diabetes</strong>.</p> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 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medicines can help to control your Diabetes. The right medicines depend on factors such as the type of Diabetes you have.https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T121"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui":["C0020616"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel":["Diabetes Medicines"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition":["<h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html\">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html\">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body does not make insulin. With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">type 2 diabetes</a>,your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.<p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatments for diabetes can depend on the type. Common treatments include a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">diabetic meal plan</a>, regular physical activity, and medicines. Some less common treatments are <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html\">weight loss surgery</a> for either type and an artificial pancreas or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html\">pancreatic islet transplantation</a> for some people with type 1 diabetes.</p> <h3>Who needs diabetes medicines?</h3> <p>People with type 1 diabetes need to take a diabetes medicine called insulin to control their blood sugar.</p> <p>Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar with healthy food choices and physical activity. But for others, a diabetic meal plan and physical activity are not enough. They need to take diabetes medicines.</p> <p>The kind of medicine you take depends on your type of diabetes, daily schedule, medicine costs, and any other health conditions that you have. Over time, you may need to take more than one diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 1 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider will measure your blood glucose to decide on the type of insulin. You may need to use more than one type.</p> <p>You will also need to check your blood sugar at home. Your provider will tell you how often. The results of your blood sugar testing can help you make decisions about food, physical activity, and medicines.</p> <p>You can take insulin several different ways. The most common are with a needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. If you use a needle and syringe or a pen, you have to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. An insulin pump gives you small, steady doses throughout the day. Less common ways to take insulin include inhalers, injection ports, and jet injectors.</p> <p>In rare cases, taking insulin alone might not be enough to manage your blood sugar. Then you would need to take another diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>There are several different medicines for type 2 diabetes. Each works in a different way. Many of them are pills. There are also medicines that you inject under your skin, such as insulin.</p> <p>Over time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine. A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections.</p> <p>Even if you don't usually take insulin, you may need it at special times, such as during <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">pregnancy</a> or if you are in the hospital.</p> <h3>What else should I know about taking medicines for diabetes?</h3> <p>Even if you take medicines for diabetes, you still need to eat a healthy diet, stop smoking, take your other medicines, and get regular physical activity. These will help you manage your diabetes.</p> <p>It is important to make sure that you understand your diabetes treatment plan. Talk to your provider about:</p> <ul> <li>What your target blood sugar level is</li> <li>What to do if your blood sugar gets too low or too high</li> <li>Whether your diabetes medicines will affect other medicines you take</li> <li>If you will have any side effects from the diabetes medicines</li> </ul> <p>You should not change or stop your diabetes medicines on your own. 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