{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0036220","synonym":["KS"],"notation":"C0036220","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T191"],"cui":["C0036220"],"prefLabel":"Kaposi Sarcoma","definition":["<h3>What is Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma, sometimes called KS, is a type of cancer. It causes lesions (abnormal tissue) to grow in different parts of the body, including:</p> <ul> <li>The skin</li> <li>Lymph nodes</li> <li>Mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat)</li> <li>Other organs</li> </ul> <p>These lesions are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, new blood vessels, and blood cells. The lesions may begin in more than one place in the body at the same time. This makes Kaposi sarcoma different from other cancers.</p> <h3>What causes Kaposi sarcoma and who is more likely to develop it?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus is also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Most people infected with this virus don't get Kaposi sarcoma. But certain people who get this virus are more likely to develop one of the types of Kaposi sarcoma:</p> <ul> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html\">HIV</a> can develop <strong>epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to medicines they need to take after an <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html\">organ transplant</a> can develop <strong>iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European Jewish heritage can develop <strong>classic Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Young men in Africa can develop <strong>endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma usually starts out as one or more red, purple, or brown skin lesions on the legs and feet. They are most often on the ankles or soles of the feet. Over time, lesions may form in other parts of the body. The lesions may not cause symptoms. But sometimes the lesions can cause problems, especially as you get more of them and they grow bigger. For example:</p> <ul> <li>Pressure from the lesions may block the flow of lymph and blood in the legs and cause painful swelling</li> <li>If lesions grow in your stomach or intestines, they can <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html\">bleed</a> and may cause <a href=\"abdominalpain.html\" tid=\"3061\">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html\">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Lesions in the lungs can also bleed and may cause <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html\">shortness of breath</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out whether you have Kaposi sarcoma, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical and family history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order a chest <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html\">x-ray</a> to look for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> <li>May do a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html\">biopsy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the skin</li> <li>May do an <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html\">endoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and intestines</li> <li>May do a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/\">bronchoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> </ul> <p>If you do have Kaposi sarcoma, you will likely need blood and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html\">imaging</a> tests to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Which treatment(s) you get will depend on</p> <ul> <li>The type of Kaposi sarcoma you have</li> <li>How many lesions you have and where in the body they are</li> <li>What kinds of problems the lesions are causing</li> <li>Your overall health</li> </ul> <p>For people who have epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma, taking <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html\">HIV medicines</a> may be enough to treat the Kaposi sarcoma. For people who have iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma, changing the dose of the medicines or switching medicines may be helpful. But some people with these types of Kaposi sarcoma will need additional treatment.</p> <p>The treatment options for Kaposi sarcoma may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html\">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Surgery</li> <li>Cryosurgery, a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html\">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html\">Immunotherapy</a></li> </ul> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456601","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0006826"],"parents":[{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456601","notation":"C1456601","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T023"],"cui":["C1456601"],"prefLabel":"Skin, Hair and Nails","subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456590","http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"],"label":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"synonym":[],"definition":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456601","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC1456601","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}},{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0006826","synonym":["Cancer","Cancers"],"notation":"C0006826","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T191"],"cui":["C0006826"],"prefLabel":"Malignancy","definition":["<h3>What is cancer?</h3> <p>Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. Cancer begins in your cells, which are the building blocks of your body. Usually, your body forms new cells as needed, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor.</p> <p>Tumors can be benign or malignant. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html\">Benign tumors</a> aren't cancer, while malignant ones are. Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of your body. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is.</p> <h3>What are the types of cancer?</h3> <p>There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Cancer can start almost anywhere in your body. Most cancers are named for where they start. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and breast cancer starts in the breast.</p> <p>Cancer may also be described by the type of cell that formed it, such as sarcoma if cancer begins in your bone and soft tissue. Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. It is formed by epithelial cells, the cells that cover the inside and outside surfaces of your body.</p> <h3>How does cancer develop?</h3> <p>Cancer is a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html\">genetic</a> disease. That means changes in your genes cause it. Changes in your genes are also called gene variants or mutations. Genes are parts of DNA in your cells that you inherit from your parents. However, only some cancers are caused by genes passed down from your parents.</p> <p>Genetic changes can occur to your genes over your lifetime that affect how your cells function. Usually, your body gets rid of damaged cells before they turn cancerous, but this ability goes down as you age. Other factors that may affect your risk of developing cancer can include:</p> <ul> <li>Exposure to <a href=\"sunexposure.html\" tid=\"1419\">ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html\">Smoking</a></li> <li>Your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html\">diet</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">Physical inactivity</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of cancer?</h3> <p>Cancer symptoms depend on the type of cancer. For example, some of the symptoms that cancer may cause can include:</p> <ul> <li>A lump in your breast</li> <li>Blood in your urine (pee) or stool (poop)</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html\">Bleeding</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html\">bruising</a> for no known reason</li> <li>A sore that doesn't heal</li> <li>Trouble swallowing</li> <li>A new mole or a change to a mole you already have</li> </ul> <p>Cancer may cause various symptoms but often doesn't cause pain. Don't wait until you're having pain before seeing your health care provider. See your provider if you have symptoms that don't get better in a few weeks.</p> <h3>How is cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no single test that can diagnose cancer. The tests ordered are usually based on your symptoms. Your provider may:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your <strong>medical history</strong></li> <li>Ask about your <strong>family health history</strong>, including relatives who have had cancer</li> <li>Do a <strong>physical exam</strong></li> <li>Do a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html\">screening test</a> such as a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html\">mammogram</a>, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html\">colonoscopy</a>, or a<a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/\"> Pap test</a></li> <li>Order blood tests or <strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html\">imaging tests</a></strong></li> </ul> <p>To find out if you have cancer, your provider may order a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html\">biopsy</a>. A biopsy is the procedure of removing and examining tissue, cells, or fluids from your body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for cancer?</h3> <p>Treatment depends on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Most treatment plans may include surgery, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html\">radiation</a>, and/or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html\">chemotherapy</a>. Some may involve hormone therapy, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html\">immunotherapy</a> or other types of biological therapy, or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html\">stem cell transplantation</a>.</p> <h3>Can cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>It's usually not possible to know exactly why cancer develops in some people but not others. There are some things that you can't control which may increase or decrease your risk of getting cancer, such as inheriting certain genes or your age. But some lifestyle habits may increase your risk of certain types of cancer. Avoid or reduce lifestyle habits such as:</p> <ul> <li>Smoking and tobacco use</li> <li>Having too much sun exposure</li> <li>Drinking too much <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html\">alcohol</a></li> <li>Not getting enough physical activity</li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a></li> </ul> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456590","http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0006826"],"label":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0006826","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0006826","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}}],"label":[],"obsolete":false,"prefixIRI":null,"xref":null,"inScheme":[],"created":null,"modified":null,"memberOf":[],"altLabelXl":[],"hiddenLabelXl":[],"prefLabelXl":[],"isInActiveScheme":[null],"isInActiveCollection":[],"properties":{"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel":["KS"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/mapped_from":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0036220"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/mapped_to":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0036220"],"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type":["http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/tui":["T191"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/related_to":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0019682","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2963182","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C4551687"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/DATE_CREATED":["10/18/1999"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation":["C0036220"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/SOS":["Kaposi sarcoma or KS is a cancer that causes red or purple patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin. Can spread to organs and cause bleeding.https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T191"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/SY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0036220"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui":["C0036220"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel":["Kaposi Sarcoma"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition":["<h3>What is Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma, sometimes called KS, is a type of cancer. It causes lesions (abnormal tissue) to grow in different parts of the body, including:</p> <ul> <li>The skin</li> <li>Lymph nodes</li> <li>Mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat)</li> <li>Other organs</li> </ul> <p>These lesions are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, new blood vessels, and blood cells. The lesions may begin in more than one place in the body at the same time. This makes Kaposi sarcoma different from other cancers.</p> <h3>What causes Kaposi sarcoma and who is more likely to develop it?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus is also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Most people infected with this virus don't get Kaposi sarcoma. But certain people who get this virus are more likely to develop one of the types of Kaposi sarcoma:</p> <ul> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html\">HIV</a> can develop <strong>epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to medicines they need to take after an <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html\">organ transplant</a> can develop <strong>iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European Jewish heritage can develop <strong>classic Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Young men in Africa can develop <strong>endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma usually starts out as one or more red, purple, or brown skin lesions on the legs and feet. They are most often on the ankles or soles of the feet. Over time, lesions may form in other parts of the body. The lesions may not cause symptoms. But sometimes the lesions can cause problems, especially as you get more of them and they grow bigger. For example:</p> <ul> <li>Pressure from the lesions may block the flow of lymph and blood in the legs and cause painful swelling</li> <li>If lesions grow in your stomach or intestines, they can <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html\">bleed</a> and may cause <a href=\"abdominalpain.html\" tid=\"3061\">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html\">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Lesions in the lungs can also bleed and may cause <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html\">shortness of breath</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out whether you have Kaposi sarcoma, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical and family history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order a chest <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html\">x-ray</a> to look for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> <li>May do a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html\">biopsy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the skin</li> <li>May do an <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html\">endoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and intestines</li> <li>May do a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/\">bronchoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> </ul> <p>If you do have Kaposi sarcoma, you will likely need blood and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html\">imaging</a> tests to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Which treatment(s) you get will depend on</p> <ul> <li>The type of Kaposi sarcoma you have</li> <li>How many lesions you have and where in the body they are</li> <li>What kinds of problems the lesions are causing</li> <li>Your overall health</li> </ul> <p>For people who have epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma, taking <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html\">HIV medicines</a> may be enough to treat the Kaposi sarcoma. For people who have iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma, changing the dose of the medicines or switching medicines may be helpful. But some people with these types of Kaposi sarcoma will need additional treatment.</p> <p>The treatment options for Kaposi sarcoma may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html\">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Surgery</li> <li>Cryosurgery, a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html\">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html\">Immunotherapy</a></li> </ul> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p>"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/MP_PRIMARY_INSTITUTE_URL":["National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/"],"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/MP_OTHER_LANGUAGE_URL":["Spanish https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html"],"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456601","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0006826"]},"@id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0036220","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220","ontology":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS","children":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/children","parents":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/parents","descendants":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/ancestors","instances":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/instances","tree":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/tree","notes":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/notes","mappings":"https://data.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS/classes/http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220/mappings","ui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MEDLINEPLUS?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bioontology.org%2Fontology%2FMEDLINEPLUS%2FC0036220","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","label":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","prefLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel","altLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel","hiddenLabelXl":"http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel","synonym":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","notation":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation","prefixIRI":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/prefixIRI","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema##<Proc:0x00007f8d4ca9cf78 /opt/ontoportal/ontologies_api/shared/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bundler/gems/ontologies_linked_data-0083660248b7/lib/ontologies_linked_data/models/class.rb:67 (lambda)>","subClassOf":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","semanticType":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY","cui":"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui","xref":"http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref","inScheme":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme","created":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/created","modified":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified","@language":[]}}