{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1659987","synonym":["Diabetes Prevention"],"notation":"C1659987","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T061"],"cui":["C1659987"],"prefLabel":"How to Prevent Diabetes","definition":["<h3>What is type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels are too high. With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">type 2 diabetes</a>, this happens because your body does not make enough insulin, or it does not use insulin well (this is called insulin resistance). If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, you might be able to prevent or delay developing it.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Many Americans are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Your chances of getting it depend on a combination of risk factors such as your genes and lifestyle. The risk factors include:</p><ul> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html\">prediabetes</a>, which means you have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes</li> <li>Being overweight or having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a></li> <li>Being age 45 or older</li> <li>A family history of diabetes</li> <li>Being African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander</li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html\">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Having a low level of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html\">HDL</a> (good) cholesterol or a high level of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html\">triglycerides</a></li> <li>A history of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">diabetes in pregnancy</a></li> <li>Having given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more</li> <li>An <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li>A history of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html\">heart disease</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html\">stroke</a></li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html\">depression</a></li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> <li>Having acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition in which your skin becomes dark and thick, especially around your neck or armpits</li> <li>Smoking</li> </ul> <h3>How can I prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you are at risk for diabetes, you may be able to prevent or delay getting it. Most of the things that you need to do involve having a healthier lifestyle. So if you make these changes, you will get other health benefits as well. You may lower your risk of other diseases, and you will probably feel better and have more energy. The changes are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Losing weight and keeping it off.</strong> <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html\">Weight control</a> is an important part of diabetes prevention. You may be able to prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 10% of your current weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, your goal would be to lose between 10 to 20 pounds. And once you lose the weight, it is important that you don't gain it back.</li> <li><strong>Following a healthy eating plan.</strong> It is important to reduce the amount of calories you eat and drink each day, so you can lose weight and keep it off. To do that, your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html\">diet</a> should include smaller portions and less fat and sugar. You should also eat a variety of foods from each food group, including plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. It's also a good idea to limit red meat, and avoid processed meats.</li> <li><strong>Get regular exercise.</strong> Exercise has many <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html\">health benefits</a>, including helping you to lose weight and lower your blood sugar levels. These both lower your risk of type 2 diabetes. Try to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week. If you have not been active, talk with your health care professional to figure out which <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html\">types of exercise</a> are best for you. You can start slowly and work up to your goal.</li> <li><strong>Don't smoke.</strong> Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. If you already smoke, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html\">try to quit</a>.</li> <li><strong>Talk to your health care provider</strong> to see whether there is anything else you can do to delay or to prevent type 2 diabetes. If you are at high risk, your provider may suggest that you take one of a few types of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html\">diabetes medicines</a>.</li> </ul> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p>"],"subClassOf":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456609","http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0011849"],"parents":[{"id":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0014136","notation":"C0014136","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T022"],"cui":["C0014136"],"prefLabel":"Endocrine 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mellitus","DM"],"notation":"C0011849","semanticType":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T047"],"cui":["C0011849"],"prefLabel":"Diabetes Mellitus","definition":["<h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html\">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html\">hormone</a> made by your pancreas. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy.</p> <p>If you have diabetes, your body can't make insulin, can't use insulin as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. This can cause glucose levels to get too high. Over time, high blood glucose levels can lead to <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html\">serious health conditions</a>. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of diabetes?</h3> <p>There are different types of diabetes:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html\">Type 1 diabetes</a></strong>. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. It happens when your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html\">immune system</a> attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. </li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</strong> This is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body may still be able to make insulin, but your cells don't respond well to insulin. They can't easily take up enough glucose from your blood.</li> <li><strong><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">Gestational diabetes</a>.</strong> This is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different causes:</p> <ul> <li>Researchers think <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> is caused by <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-1-diabetes/\">genes</a> and factors in the environment that might trigger the disease.</li> <li><strong>Type 2 diabetes</strong> is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes\">genes</a>. The lifestyle factors include <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">not being physically active</a> and being overweight or having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a>.</li> <li>Researchers think <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes/\">genetic</a> and lifestyle factors.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different risk factors:</p> <ul> <li>You can develop <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> at any age, but it most often starts in childhood. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.</li> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Are over age 35. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html\">Children, teenagers,</a> and younger adults can get diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older adults.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Have <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html\">prediabetes</a>. This means that your blood glucose is higher than normal, but it's not high enough to be called diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander.</li> <li>Are not physically active.</li> <li>Have certain other health conditions, such as <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html\">high blood pressure</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).</li> </ul> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</li> <li>Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetes?</h3> <p>The symptoms of diabetes may include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li>Feeling very hungry</li> <li>Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night</li> <li><a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html\">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands</li> <li>Sores that do not heal</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> </ul> <p>But it's important to know that your symptoms may vary, depending on which type you have:</p> <ul> <li>The symptoms of <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> usually come on quickly and can be severe.</li> <li>With <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> the symptoms often develop slowly, over several years. The symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them.</li> <li><strong>Gestational diabetes</strong> often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild. If you are pregnant, you will usually be screened for this condition between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. </li> </ul> <h3>How is diabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have diabetes, your health care provider will use one or more <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/\">glucose blood tests</a>. There are several types, including the <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html\">A1C test</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatment for diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels:</p> <ul> <li>If you have <strong>type 1 diabetes,</strong> you will need to take daily doses of insulin, either by injection or through a special pump. Some people also need to take another type of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html\">diabetes medicine</a> that works with insulin.</li> <li>If you have <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> you may be able to manage or even reverse it by making <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html\">lifestyle changes</a>. These include eating a <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html\">healthy diet</a>, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html\">staying at healthy weight</a>, and <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html\">getting regular physical activity</a>. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines to manage their diabetes.</li> <li>If you have <strong>gestational diabetes,</strong> you may be able to lower your glucose levels by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But be sure to talk to your provider about your treatment options. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you give birth. But you will have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.</li> </ul> <p>Checking your blood glucose levels is also an important part of managing your diabetes. Ask your provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.</p> <h3>Can diabetes be prevented?</h3> <p><strong>Type 1 diabetes</strong> can't be prevented.</p> <p>You may be able to delay or prevent <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> through the same lifestyle changes that are used to manage diabetes (eating a healthy diet, staying at a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity). These lifestyle changes may also help prevent <strong>gestational diabetes</strong>.</p> <p class=\"\">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 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Healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight control may help prevent or delay getting diabetes.https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/hasSTY":["http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T061"],"http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/umls/cui":["C1659987"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel":["How to Prevent Diabetes"],"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition":["<h3>What is type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels are too high. With <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html\">type 2 diabetes</a>, this happens because your body does not make enough insulin, or it does not use insulin well (this is called insulin resistance). If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, you might be able to prevent or delay developing it.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Many Americans are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Your chances of getting it depend on a combination of risk factors such as your genes and lifestyle. The risk factors include:</p><ul> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html\">prediabetes</a>, which means you have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes</li> <li>Being overweight or having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html\">obesity</a></li> <li>Being age 45 or older</li> <li>A family history of diabetes</li> <li>Being African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander</li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html\">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Having a low level of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html\">HDL</a> (good) cholesterol or a high level of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html\">triglycerides</a></li> <li>A history of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html\">diabetes in pregnancy</a></li> <li>Having given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more</li> <li>An <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html\">inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li>A history of <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html\">heart disease</a> or <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html\">stroke</a></li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html\">depression</a></li> <li>Having <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> <li>Having acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition in which your skin becomes dark and thick, especially around your neck or armpits</li> <li>Smoking</li> </ul> <h3>How can I prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you are at risk for diabetes, you may be able to prevent or delay getting it. Most of the things that you need to do involve having a healthier lifestyle. So if you make these changes, you will get other health benefits as well. You may lower your risk of other diseases, and you will probably feel better and have more energy. The changes are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Losing weight and keeping it off.</strong> <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html\">Weight control</a> is an important part of diabetes prevention. You may be able to prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 10% of your current weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, your goal would be to lose between 10 to 20 pounds. And once you lose the weight, it is important that you don't gain it back.</li> <li><strong>Following a healthy eating plan.</strong> It is important to reduce the amount of calories you eat and drink each day, so you can lose weight and keep it off. To do that, your <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html\">diet</a> should include smaller portions and less fat and sugar. You should also eat a variety of foods from each food group, including plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. It's also a good idea to limit red meat, and avoid processed meats.</li> <li><strong>Get regular exercise.</strong> Exercise has many <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html\">health benefits</a>, including helping you to lose weight and lower your blood sugar levels. These both lower your risk of type 2 diabetes. Try to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week. If you have not been active, talk with your health care professional to figure out which <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html\">types of exercise</a> are best for you. You can start slowly and work up to your goal.</li> <li><strong>Don't smoke.</strong> Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. If you already smoke, <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html\">try to quit</a>.</li> <li><strong>Talk to your health care provider</strong> to see whether there is anything else you can do to delay or to prevent type 2 diabetes. 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