format-version: 1.2 date: 10:03:2009 13:53 saved-by: George Gkoutos auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.000-beta55 default-namespace: mouse_pathology.ontology remark: The Pathbase mouse pathology ontology provides a description of mutant and transgenic mouse pathology phenotypes and incorporates 637 known mouse pathologies hierarchically organised as "instances of" pathological processes. Questions, comments and suggestions for amendment should be sent to the Co-ordinator, Dr. Paul Schofield, Dept. of Anatomy, University of Cambridge (PS@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk).The ontology was developed by the Pathbase consortium (http://www.pathbase.net) funded under the European Commission's Fifth Framework programme, Contract number QLRI-CT-1999-00320. autogenerated-by: Pathbase version 2.2 [Term] id: MPATH:0 name: pathology_ontology def: "pathology_ontology" [:Pathbase Curation] [Term] id: MPATH:1 name: cell and tissue damage def: "The sum of morphological and functional disturbances induced by cell and tissue damage, either from intrinsic gene dysfunction or as a result of external factors." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:10 name: gangrene def: "Extensive necrosis from whatever cause, often following chronic ischemia." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Mortification" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:100 name: placental abnormality def: "Defect in placental growth, differentiation of circulation; maternal or embryonic component." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:86 ! organ specific developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:101 name: glycogen cell defect def: "Lack of, displacement of, or abnormality in function or growth of the glycogen cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:100 ! placental abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:102 name: labyrinth zone defect def: "Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the labyrinthine zone of the placenta." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:100 ! placental abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:103 name: placental vascular defect def: "Any defect in the maternal or embryonic placental circulation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:100 ! placental abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:104 name: spongiotrophoblast defect def: "Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the spongiotrophoblast zone of the placenta." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:100 ! placental abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:105 name: circulatory disorder def: "Lesions leading to or consequent on failure of, or atypical movement of, blood throughout the body." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:106 name: fluid accumulation def: "Abnormal accumulation of fluid; blood or lymph." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:107 name: congestion def: "Presence of an abnormal amount of fluid (but especially of blood) in the vessels or passages of a part or organ." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:106 ! fluid accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:108 name: disseminated intravascular coagulation def: "A syndrome consequent to uncontrolled activation of blood clotting factors leading to disseminated platelet lysis, and fibrin deposition, ultimately leading to bleeding and necrosis as a consequence of inhibition of fibrin polymerisation by degradation products." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Diagnosed by microthrombi in many organs synonym: "DIC" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:109 name: edema def: "An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:106 ! fluid accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:11 name: hemorrhagic necrosis def: "Necrosis associated with local hemorrhage." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:110 name: embolus def: "A plug formed from a variety of materials occluding a vessel or tube." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:111 name: air embolism def: "An bubble of air occluding flow through a blood or lymphatic vessel." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:112 name: amniotic fluid embolism def: "Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of amniotic fluid, cell and debris into the maternal circulation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:113 name: atrial embolism def: "Occlusion of the outflow tract of the right atrium by a thrombus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:114 name: bone marrow embolism def: "Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of bone marrow, often fatty debris into the circulation. Usually following trauma." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:115 name: fat embolism def: "Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of lipid or fatty cells into the circulation. Usually following trauma." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:116 name: pulmonary embolism def: "Occlusion of pulmonary vessels by an embolus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:117 name: skin embolism def: "Occlusion of vessels, usually small arterioles in the dermis by various emboli." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:118 name: systemic embolism def: "Production of systemic vessel occlusion by emboli released from the left side of the heart, or the aorta." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:110 ! embolus [Term] id: MPATH:119 name: hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation def: "Abnormal release of whole blood or the cellular component from the circulation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:12 name: liquefactive necrosis def: "Soft or fluid tissue remains of a circumscribed area of necrosis digested by proteolytic enzymes." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:120 name: ecchymosis def: "A red/purple patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin. Larger than petechiae." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: May also be used for any organ, although more generally used with respect to the skin. is_a: MPATH:119 ! hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation [Term] id: MPATH:121 name: hematoma def: "A localised deposition of clotted or partially clotted extravasated blood." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Bruise" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:119 ! hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation [Term] id: MPATH:122 name: petechia def: "Small hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by blood vessel breakdown." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Usually used with reference to the skin but can be used in the context of other organs. is_a: MPATH:119 ! hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation [Term] id: MPATH:123 name: purpura def: "Purple and variously colored lesions caused by extensive haemorrhage into the skin through ecchymoses/petechia." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:119 ! hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation [Term] id: MPATH:124 name: infarct def: "An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden cessation of arterial or venous blood supply." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:125 name: thrombosis def: "Presence of an occluding or mural thrombus in a blood vessel." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:105 ! circulatory disorder [Term] id: MPATH:126 name: growth and differentiation defect def: "Defects in growth (changes in proliferation or mass) and differentiation of cells tissues or organs." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:127 name: atrophy def: "A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:128 name: intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "Non-invasive changes characterized by alteration in the size, shape and organization of the cellular components of an epithelial tissue. Do not confuse with developmental dysplasia MPATH:64." [:Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128] comment: This term has been previously used as a synonym for pre-malignant dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and is now to be preferred. synonym: "intra-epithelial lesion" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:129 name: epithelial dysplasia def: "epithelial dysplasia" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete due to renaming of preneoplastic dysplasias and Intraepithelial neoplasias Use MPATH:128 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:13 name: piecemeal necrosis def: "Sensu; hepaticobiliary system. Loss and degeneration of hepatocytes at the portal-lobular interface producing a moth-eaten irregular appearance. Piecemeal necrosis is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:130 name: mild intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "Mild non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone." [:Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128] synonym: "IENI" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "low grade intraepithelial lesion" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mild epithelial dysplasia." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:131 name: moderate intra-epithelial epithelial neoplasia def: "Moderate non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone." [:Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128] synonym: "high grade intraepithelial lesion" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "IENII" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "moderate epithelial dysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:132 name: severe intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "Severe non-invasive malignancy associated changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone." [:Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128] comment: carcinoma in situ may be used in some systems as a synonym synonym: "carcinoma in situ" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "high grade intra-epithelial lesion" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "IENIII" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "severe epithelial dysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:133 name: hypoplasia def: "Small organ or structure; failure to develop to normal size." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Developmental hypoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:134 name: hyperplasia def: "An increase in cell numbers in comparison to normal as a consequence of increased cell proliferation. Non -neoplastic process." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:135 name: epithelial and stromal hyperplasia def: "Abnormal proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:136 name: fibroepithelial polyp def: "A polypoid outgrowth of both epidermis and dermal fibrovascular tissue." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "skin tag" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:137 name: fibroglandular hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of glandular epithelium accompanied by proliferation of fibroblastic stroma." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:135 ! epithelial and stromal hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:138 name: epithelial hyperplasia def: "Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells and epithelial components." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:139 name: goblet cell hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of goblet cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:14 name: processes of degenerative change def: "Degenerative changes in tissues organs or cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:597 ! cell and tissue damage process [Term] id: MPATH:140 name: hyperplastic polyp def: "A benign polyp, usually in the colon, showing hyperplasia." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:491 ! polyp [Term] id: MPATH:141 name: inflammatory polyp def: "A projecting mass of granulation tissue which may become covered by regenerating epithelium." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "pseudopolyp" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:491 ! polyp [Term] id: MPATH:142 name: intraductal hyperplasia def: "Benign hyperplasia of the ducts of the mammary gland. Ducts exhibit more than the usual two layer epithelium (inner cuboidal to columnar cells; outer layer of myoepithelium) without cytological atypia." [Cardiff RD; Anver MR; Gusterson BA; et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:143 name: microglandular hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of glandular epithelia, eg. Endocervical glands. Consists of tightly packed glandular or tubular units, which vary in size, lined by a flattened-to-cuboidal epithelium." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "microglandular adenosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:144 name: myoepithelial hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of glandular myoepithelial cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:145 name: fat cell hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of adipose tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:146 name: histiocytosis def: "Benign proliferation of histiocytes." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:147 name: lymphoid hyperplasia def: "Benign enlargement of lymphoid tissues." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "lymphoid hypertrophy" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:148 name: mesothelial hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of mesothelial cells lining body cavities presenting as small solid cell clusters or multiple layers with columnar morphology and delicate eosinophilic cytoplasm." [:Mohr;] synonym: "mesothelioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:149 name: squamous hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of epidermal cells with hyperkeratosis. Variable growth pattern, regular to papillary (exophytic squamous cell hyperplasia)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "epidermal hyperplasia." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "squamous cell hyperplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:15 name: general degenerative process def: "Change of tissue to a lower state of integrity or less functional form, as in heart failure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:14 ! processes of degenerative change [Term] id: MPATH:150 name: acanthosis def: "Hyperplasia of the Malpighian layer (prickle cell) of the epidermis." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:151 name: actinic keratosis def: "Discrete, flat or elevated, verrucous, keratotic lesions. Epidermal changes are characterized by acanthosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratoses. Dysplastic change is present and the keratinocytes vary in size and shape. Associated with UV exposure in humans. Not defined in mice to date." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:152 name: basal cell hyperplasia def: "Benign proliferation of the basal layer cells of the skin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:153 name: hypergranulosis def: "Increased thickness of the granular layer of a stratified squamous epithelium, associated with hyperorthokeratosis." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:154 name: hyperkeratosis def: "Thickening of the surface layers (stratum corneum) in the skin or other stratified squamous epithelium. cf. ortho- and para-keratosis." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "cornification" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hyperorthokeratosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hyperparakeratosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:155 name: orthokeratosis def: "Thickening of the anuclear cell layer limited to the stratum corneum, as in a stratified squamous epithelium." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:154 ! hyperkeratosis [Term] id: MPATH:156 name: parakeratosis def: "Thickening of the surface cell layer of a stratified squamous epithelium with retention of nuclei in the cells of the stratum corneum." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:154 ! hyperkeratosis [Term] id: MPATH:157 name: pseudoepithelioma/pseudocarcinoma def: "Benign hyperplasia and down-growth of epidermal cells. Microscopically resembling well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "pseudocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:158 name: seborrheic keratosis def: "Superficial, benign, verrucous, often pigmented, greasy lesions consisting of proliferating epidermal cells, resembling basal cells, enclosing cornifying cysts." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "Basal cell papilloma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "seborrheic verruca" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:149 ! squamous hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:159 name: hypertrophy def: "Increase in size or mass of a cell, tissue or organ without increase in cell proliferation. Cf. Hyperplasia MPATH: 133." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:16 name: myxoid/myxomatous degeneration def: "A conversion of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or mucous substance." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Mucoid degeneration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "myxomatosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:15 ! general degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:160 name: metaplasia def: "Abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind. An adult instance of developmental transdifferentiation MPATH:85 Traditionally defined as a form of abnormal regeneration in which a type of cell different from that found normally in a given location is produced." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:161 name: cartilaginous metaplasia def: "Metaplasia resulting in heterotopic formation of cartilage." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:605 ! metaplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:162 name: epithelial metaplasia def: "Metaplasia occurring within epithelia." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:605 ! metaplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:163 name: apocrine metaplasia def: "Alteration of acinar epithelium of, for example, mammary tissue to resemble apocrine glands." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:164 name: gastric metaplasia def: "Appearance of heterotopic gastric epithelium." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:165 name: glandular metaplasia def: "Development of heterotopic glandular epithelia." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:166 name: goblet cell metaplasia def: "Metaplasia resulting in formation of mucus secreting goblet cells." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:167 name: intestinal metaplasia def: "Appearance of heterotopic intestinal epithelium." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:168 name: lipomatous metaplasia def: "Metaplasia resulting in formation of fat cells." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:605 ! metaplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:169 name: nephrogenic metaplasia def: ".A rare benign neoplasm of the mucosa of the urinary bladder or the urethra, consisting of tubular structures resembling those of the nephron." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "nephrogenic adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:17 name: subcellular defect def: "Defect of a subcellular structure or organelle." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:170 name: oncocytic metaplasia def: "Appearance of oncocytic cells in for example an epithelium or tumor." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: An oncocyte is an acidophilic cell containing numerous mitochondria - an oxophil cell. is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:171 name: squamous metaplasia def: "Change of a glandular or mucosal epithelium into squamous epithelium." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:172 name: transitional cell metaplasia def: "Metaplastic response of the transitional epithelium, for example in the bladder to give squamous metaplasia and glandular metaplasia for example." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:162 ! epithelial metaplasia [Term] id: MPATH:173 name: myeloid metaplasia def: "A progressive disease of the bone marrow where neoplastic bone marrow stem cells lodge and grow at sites outside the bone marrow." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:512 ! myeloproliferative disease [Term] id: MPATH:174 name: osseous metaplasia def: "Metaplasia resulting in formation of bone." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:605 ! metaplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:175 name: healing and repair process def: "The process, normal or abnormal, of damage repair or wound closure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:176 name: connective tissue replacement def: "Replacement of connective tissue by fibro-fatty deposits and scar tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:175 ! healing and repair process [Term] id: MPATH:177 name: angiogenesis def: "Aberrant process of blood vessel formation and the subsequent remodeling process; does not refer to the initial establishment of the vascular network by vasculogenesis." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:178 name: extracellular matrix deposition def: "Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins or other components." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:179 name: fibrin deposition def: "Deposition of fibrin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:18 name: cytoskeletal defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:180 name: fibroblast proliferation def: "Abnormal or reactive proliferation of fibroblasts." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:181 name: fibrosis def: "Reactive formation of fibrous tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:182 name: gliosis def: "Proliferation of astrocytes in an area of damage in the brain or spinal cord." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:183 name: granulation tissue def: "Newly formed connective (vascular or fibrous)tissue caused by inflammation or healing (repair) processes. Microscopically consists of capillaries fibroblastic cells and inflammatory cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:607 ! healing and repair structure [Term] id: MPATH:184 name: sclerosis def: "Any pathological thickening or hardening of a tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Induration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:176 ! connective tissue replacement [Term] id: MPATH:185 name: parenchymal regeneration def: "Post-injury regeneration of the functional tissue parenchyma. Eg. Liver." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:175 ! healing and repair process [Term] id: MPATH:186 name: complete parenchymal regeneration def: "Complete healing through parenchymal regeneration - no fibrosis." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:185 ! parenchymal regeneration [Term] id: MPATH:187 name: incomplete parenchymal regeneration def: "Incomplete healing usually accompanied by fibrosis." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:185 ! parenchymal regeneration [Term] id: MPATH:188 name: immunopathology def: "Conditions resulting from inappropriate activation or suppression of the immune or inflammatory response." [:Pathbase PathologyCommittee] is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:189 name: hypersensitivity disease def: "Immune response resulting in tissue injury." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:188 ! immunopathology [Term] id: MPATH:19 name: endoplasmic reticulum defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the endoplasmic reticulum." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:190 name: type I hypersensitivity def: "This is manifested by localized or generalized reaction that occurs immediately (minutes) after exposure to an antigen to which the person/animal was previously sensitized. It is IgE-mediated, and mast cell activation and degranulation are hallmarks." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:189 ! hypersensitivity disease [Term] id: MPATH:191 name: type II hypersensitivity def: "Caused by an antibody/antigen reaction: antibodies are directly or indirectly cytotoxic to antigens on cell surfaces or in connective tissues." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Most often involves IgG and IgM. Complement activation is usually involved. is_a: MPATH:189 ! hypersensitivity disease [Term] id: MPATH:192 name: type III hypersensitivity def: "Tissue injury mediated by immune complexes. Generally involves immune complexes formed in the blood via antibodies encountering circulating antigens. Immune complexes then deposit in tissues (especially blood vessels and glomeruli), induce complement activation, and result in tissue injury." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:189 ! hypersensitivity disease [Term] id: MPATH:193 name: type IV hypersensitivity def: "An antigen-elicited cellular immune reaction that results in tissue damage, but does not require Ab participation. The response is seen at the area of contact." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:189 ! hypersensitivity disease [Term] id: MPATH:194 name: immune mediated disease def: "Tissue response to inappropriate immune/inflammatory process." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:188 ! immunopathology [Term] id: MPATH:195 name: arthritis def: "Inflammation of a joint." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:196 name: dermatitis def: "Inflammation of the skin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:197 name: glomerulonephritis def: "Renal disease characterised by diffuse inflammatory changes in glomeruli not in response to an infectious agent or treatment." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:198 name: immune mediated hemolytic anaemia def: "An anemic/erythrocytopenic condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated erythrocyte destruction." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:199 name: immune mediated thrombocytopenia def: "A condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated platelet destruction." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:2 name: cell death def: "Complete and irreversible cessation of metabolic activity." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:597 ! cell and tissue damage process [Term] id: MPATH:20 name: golgi defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the golgi apparatus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:200 name: myositis def: "Inflammation of a muscle." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Initis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:201 name: vasculitis def: "Inflammation of a blood vessel." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "angiitis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "arteritis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "lymphangiitis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "phlebitis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:202 name: immunodeficiency disease def: "Defective immune response; can be primary due to defect in immune system or secondary/acquired due to disease." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:188 ! immunopathology [Term] id: MPATH:203 name: general immunodeficiency disease def: "general immunodeficiency disease" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH:202 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:204 name: chronic/recurrent inflammatory disease def: "chronic/recurrent inflammatory disease" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH: 214. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:205 name: immunodeficiency associated infection def: "Infection with bacteria, viruses or fungi subsequent to immunodeficiency." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:206 name: primary immunodeficiency disease def: "Disease due to primary molecular or cellular defect in the immune system or its development." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:202 ! immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:207 name: immunodeficiency - lymphoid defect def: "Primary defect in the lymphoid arm of the immune system." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:206 ! primary immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:208 name: immunodeficiency - myeloid/phagocytic defect def: "Primary defect in the myeloid arm of the immune system." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:206 ! primary immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:209 name: secondary immunodeficiency disease def: "Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection, ablation or deficiency." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:202 ! immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:21 name: lysosomal defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the lysosomes." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:210 name: acquired immunodeficiency def: "Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection or ablation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:209 ! secondary immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:211 name: failed transfer of maternal immunoglobulin def: "Defect in the immune system subsequent to failure to attain passive immunity from maternal transfer of immunoglobulins." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:209 ! secondary immunodeficiency disease [Term] id: MPATH:212 name: inflammation def: "A tissue reaction to an internal or external injury." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:213 name: acute inflammation def: "Inflammation with a recent onset, characterised histologically by primarily granulocyte infiltration, edema and hyperemia." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] comment: The five classical signs of inflammation: Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa Galen 300BC is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:214 name: chronic inflammation def: "Chronic inflammatory condition characterised by infiltration of primarily lymphocytes." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:215 name: granulomatous inflammation def: "Nodular inflammatory reaction, containing compactly grouped epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. The basic inflammatory unit is termed a granuloma." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:216 name: necrotic inflammation def: "Acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histological change is rapid diffuse necrosis throughout the affected tissue." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:217 name: ulcerative inflammation def: "Combination of inflammation, often suppurative or granulomatous, with ulceration." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Ulcers may be a component or inflammation. Use MPATH: Ulcer is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:218 name: neoplasm def: "Abnormal and uncontrolled autonomous new cell growth (proliferation)that may be benign or malignant." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:219 name: adnexal and skin appendage tumor def: "Tumors of the skin, its constituent structures and glands including the mammary gland, apocrine and eccrine glands, hair follicles and associated structures." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:22 name: mitochondrial defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the mitochondria." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:220 name: apocrine adenocarcinoma def: "Carcinoma of the glandular epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:221 name: apocrine adenoma def: "Benign neoplasm of the epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:222 name: ceruminous adenocarcinoma def: "Malignant carcinoma of the ceruminous gland (M-8420/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:223 name: ceruminous adenoma def: "Benign adenomatous neoplasia of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus (M-8420/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:224 name: clear cell hidradenoma def: "Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 )." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Eccrine acrospiroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nodular hidradenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:225 name: eccrine gland adenocarcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8413/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:226 name: eccrine gland adenoma def: "Benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8408/0)." [:Papillary adenoma] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:227 name: eccrine papillary adenoma def: "Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma. (M -8408/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland, papillary form" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Papillary adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:228 name: papillary hidradenoma def: "Benign apocrine sweat gland tumor (8405/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Hidradenoma papilliferum" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:229 name: sebaceous adenocarcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "sebaceous carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:23 name: peroxysomal defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the peroxysomes." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:230 name: sebaceous adenoma def: "Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Epithelioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:231 name: syringoma def: "A benign, often multiple, sometimes eruptive neoplasm of the sweat gland ducts composed of very small round cysts. (M-8407/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor [Term] id: MPATH:232 name: trichoepithelioma def: "Multiple small benign nodules derived from basal cells of hair follicles enclosing small cornified cell containing cysts. (M-8100/0)." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models] synonym: "benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Epithelioma adenoides cysticum" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hair follicle tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:233 name: basal cell tumor def: "Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "basal cell adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Benign basal cell tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:234 name: basal cell carcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of the basal cells of the epidermis with local invasion.(M-8090/3)." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models] is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma is_a: MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:235 name: blood vessel tumor def: "Tumor of venous or arterial vessels or capillaries." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:236 name: angiofibroma def: ".A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are multiple large and small dilated vascular channels ( M9160/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Telangiectatic fibroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:237 name: angiokeratoma def: "An intradermal capillary telangiectasis with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis (M-9141/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "keratoangioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "telangiectasia verrucosa" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "telangiectatic wart" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:238 name: hemangioblastoma def: "A benign neoplasm frequently arising in the cerebellum composed of capillary vessel forming endothelial cells and stromal cells. (M-9161/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Angioblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:239 name: hemangioendothelioma def: "hemangioendothelioma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete Use Hemangioma MPATH: 240 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:24 name: plasma membrane defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the plasma membrane." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:240 name: hemangioma def: "Neoplasm derived from endothelial cells. May be of capillary or cavernous type with large vascular channels. (M-9130/0 + M-9120/0 respectively)." [Booth CJ; Sundberg JP. (1995) Hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in inbred laboratory mice. Lab Animal Investigation 45:497-502.] synonym: "Angioendothelioma." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Hemangioendothelioma, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:241 name: hemangiopericytoma def: "A vascular, usually benign, neoplasm composed of round and spindle cells derived from the pericytes and surround endothelium-lined vessels. (M-9150/0/1/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Pericytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:242 name: hemangiosarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells of blood vessels. (M-9120/3)." [Booth CJ; Sundberg JP. (1995) Hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in inbred laboratory mice. Lab Animal Investigation 45:497-502.] synonym: "hemangioendothelioma malignant, angiosarcoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hemangioendothelioma malignant." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Hemangioma malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:243 name: central nervous system tumor def: "Neoplasm of the neurones, glia or meninges of the CNS." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:244 name: astrocytoma def: "Glioma derived from astrocytes, both benign and malignant forms (M-9400/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see comments in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 synonym: "Astrocytic glioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "astroglioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma [Term] id: MPATH:245 name: choroid plexus carcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. (M-9390/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma is_a: MPATH:565 ! tumors of neurepithelial tissue [Term] id: MPATH:246 name: choroid plexus papilloma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. (M-9390/0)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] is_a: MPATH:264 ! fibroepithelial tumor is_a: MPATH:565 ! tumors of neurepithelial tissue [Term] id: MPATH:247 name: ependymoma def: "Neoplasm derived from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles and aqueduct of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Malignant or benign. (M-9391/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma [Term] id: MPATH:248 name: ependymoma malignant def: "ependymoma malignant" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete -subsumed into MPATH:247 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:249 name: glioma def: "Neoplasm derived from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (M-9380/3, M-9440/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see comments in: Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 is_a: MPATH:565 ! tumors of neurepithelial tissue [Term] id: MPATH:25 name: tissue specific degenerative process def: "Degenerative process characteristic of a particular tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:14 ! processes of degenerative change [Term] id: MPATH:250 name: medulloblastoma def: "Neoplasm derived from the primitive neurectodermal cells of the cerebellum. (M-9470/3)May be considered by some authorities a synonym of PNET in the CNS." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 is_a: MPATH:373 ! CNS progenitor tumor [Term] id: MPATH:251 name: meningioma def: "meningioma" [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the meninges. (M-9530/0) synonym: "Sarcoma, meningeal ( sensu malignant tumor)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:566 ! tumors of the meninges [Term] id: MPATH:252 name: oligodendroglioma def: "Benign or malignant neoplasm derived form oligodendrocytes (M-9450/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 synonym: "glioma oligodendritic, malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Glioma, oligodendritic, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma [Term] id: MPATH:253 name: sub-ependymoma def: "Neoplasm derived from sub-ependymal astrocytes (M-9383/1)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma [Term] id: MPATH:254 name: complex tumor def: "Tumors showing mutiple histological componants/differentiation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:255 name: adenoacanthoma def: "Mixed tumor of glandular epithelia with squamous and glandular diffferentiation. (M-8570/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "adenoid squamous cell carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:256 name: carcinosarcoma def: "Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:257 name: craniopharyngioma def: "A benign or malignant neoplasm, which may be cystic, developing from the epithelium of Rathke`s pouch and occuring with or close to the pituitary gland. . (M-9350/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Erdheim tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Pituitary adamantinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "pituitary ameloblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Rathke pouch tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "suprasellar cyst" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:258 name: mesodermal mixed tumor def: "Neoplasm showing multiple phases, derived from mesoderm (M-8951/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:259 name: mucoepidermoid carcinoma def: "Most commonly a salivary gland carcinoma of low grade malignancy composed of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. (M-8430/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:26 name: alopecia def: "Absence of hair or loss of hair." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:260 name: mullerian mixed tumor def: "Neoplasm usually of the uterus or adnexae containing carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, sometimes with third or fourth components. (M-8950/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:261 name: nephroblastoma def: "Embryonal tumor thought to be derived from metanephric blastema. Mono, bi or triphasic, sometimes with heterotypic differentiation. (M-8960/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nephroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:262 name: pulmonary blastoma def: "A biphasic tumor containing a primitive epithelial component, that may resemble well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma and a primitive mesenchymal stroma, which occasionally has foci of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma or rhadomyosarcoma. (M-8972/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:263 name: rhabdoid sarcoma def: "Sarcomatous tumors, presenting a wide histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical spectrum. M-8963/3." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Malignant rhabdoid tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:264 name: fibroepithelial tumor def: "Tumors with epithelial invaginations/linings and a fibrillary and fibrocytic stroma. (M-9000 - M-9030)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:265 name: adenofibroma def: "A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, predominantly glandular. (M-9013/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Cystadenofibroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "papillary adenofibroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:264 ! fibroepithelial tumor [Term] id: MPATH:266 name: fibroadenoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a abundant stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue. (M-9010/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:264 ! fibroepithelial tumor [Term] id: MPATH:267 name: glandular tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from glandular epithelial cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:268 name: adenocarcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells in glandular or glandlike pattern. (M-8140/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:269 name: adenocarcinoma in situ def: "A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:27 name: arthrosis def: "Changes characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions. Not primarily an inflammatory process." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Degenerative joint disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteoarthrosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:270 name: adenoma def: "A benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells may form glands or glandlike structures. In different instances this may remain a benign tumor or progress to malignancy." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:271 name: adenomatous polyposis coli def: "Spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation. Polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis and potentially transform into adenocarcinoma. (M-8220/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:272 name: bronchioloalveolar adenoma def: "Benign epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8140/1) 1.2.1.2 in MMHCC classification." [1.\ Nikitin; A.Y.; Alcaraz; A.; Anver; M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research; 64\: 2307-2316.] synonym: "Bronchial adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Bronchial adenoma, BA adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/mouse_models/organ_models/lung_models/murinecancer/tumorclass is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:273 name: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma def: "Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3) 1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification." [1.\ Nikitin; A.Y.; Alcaraz; A.; Anver; M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research; 64\: 2307-2316.] synonym: "Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/mouse_models/organ_models/lung_models/murinecancer/tumorclass is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:274 name: clear cell adenocarcinoma def: "An adenocarcinoma characterised by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. (M-8310/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:275 name: comedocarcinoma def: "Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells are present in the ducts. (M -8501/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:276 name: cystadenocarcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:277 name: cystadenoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:278 name: follicular adenocarcinoma def: "Originates in the follicular cells of thyroid follicles. Papillary, solid and follicular forms. (M- 8330/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Follicular carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:279 name: follicular adenoma def: "Adenoma derived from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicles. Follicular, paipillary and solid forms. M- 8330/0." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:28 name: atherosclerosis def: "Characterised by irregular lipid deposits in the wall of arteries, causing narrowing of their lumens and proceeding eventually to fibrosis and calcification." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Note that in mouse and rats the initial lesions are mostly in the medial layer while in human they occur in the intima. is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:280 name: Harderian gland adenoma def: "Adenoma derived from acinar epithelium of the harderian gland. Papillary, cystic, cystic-papillary and acinar forms." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:281 name: Harderian gland carcinoma def: "Malignant tumor derived form acinar epithelium of the Harderian gland." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:282 name: infiltrating duct carcinoma def: "Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "duct adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "ductal carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:283 name: intraductal carcinoma def: "In situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2)." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Made obsolete by inclusion in MPATH: 486 Ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia synonym: "Ductal carcinoma in situ" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "intraductal adenocarcinoma, non-infiltrating" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:284 name: intraductal papillary carcinoma def: "Infiltrating tumor with papillary morphology derived from the breast epithelium (M-8503/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:285 name: intraductal papilloma def: "Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 )." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Duct adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "ductal papilloma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:445 ! papilloma relationship: part_of MPATH:286 ! intraductal papillomatosis [Term] id: MPATH:286 name: intraductal papillomatosis def: "Diffuse multiple adenomatous papillomas derived from the ductal epithelium of the breast. (M- 8505/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Diffuse intraductal papillomatosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor [Term] id: MPATH:287 name: islet cell adenoma def: "Usually pancreatic B cell derived tumors mostly producing insulin. (M- 8150/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Adenoma, endocrine pancreas" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "adenomatosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "islet (pancreatic) cell tumor benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:288 name: islet cell carcinoma def: "Rare tumor of the islets of Langerhans, most of which produce insulin. (M- 8150/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Adenocarcinoma, endocrine pancreas" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "islet cell tumor, malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:289 name: lobular carcinoma def: "A form of breast adenocarcinoma derived from lobular cells. (M-8520/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Lobular adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "lobular infiltrating carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:29 name: cataract def: "Opacity of the lens." [:Smith; R.S.; Sundberg; J.P.; Linder; C.C. (1997) Mouse mutations as models for studying cataracts. Pathobiology 65; 146-154] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:290 name: lobular carcinoma in situ def: "Non-infiltrating form of lobular adenocarcinoma derived from the ductal epithelium. (M-8520/2)." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:291 name: medullary carcinoma def: "Derived from calcitonin-producing cells (thyroid). In humans a type of carcinoma composed of epithelial elements with considerable lymphoid stroma (breast). Not yet reported in mice.(M-8510/3)." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "Medullary adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:292 name: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, eg. Ovary. consisting of a solid to cystic mass lined with cuboidal pleomorphic epithelial cells producing a mucinous material. (M- 8470/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:276 ! cystadenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:293 name: mucinous cystadenoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of mucinous retained secretions are formed. (M-8470/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:294 name: myoepithelioma def: "Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands.( M-8982/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "myoepithelial adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:295 name: papillary adenocarcinoma def: "A malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:296 name: papillary adenoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:297 name: papillary cystadenocarcinoma def: "A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:276 ! cystadenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:298 name: papillary cystadenoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:299 name: pinealoma def: "Originating from differentiated cells of the pineal parenchyma. Not to be confused with human pinealoma (syn: germinoma) non-gonadal germ cell tumors found in the pineal believed to be atypical teratomas. May be benign or malignant. If ectopic teratomas/teratocarcinomas use MP322 or MP321. (M-9360/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor [Term] id: MPATH:3 name: apoptosis def: "Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "programmed cell death" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:2 ! cell death [Term] id: MPATH:30 name: cystic medial necrosis def: "Loss of muscle fibers and elastin in the media of the aorta, with accumulation of mucopolysaccharide." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Erdheim disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "media necrosis aortae idiopathica cystica" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "media necrosis of the aorta" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Mucoid medial degeneration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:300 name: pineoblastoma def: "Malignant neoplasms which arise from pineoblasts, the primitive pineal stem cells. (M-9362/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Mixed pineal tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "transitional pineal tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor [Term] id: MPATH:301 name: pineocytoma def: "A tumor arising in the pineal gland that resembles normal pineal parenchyma. (M-9361/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor [Term] id: MPATH:302 name: pituicytoma def: "Benign tumor derived from the pituicytes ( glial cells of neurohypophysis) (M-8272/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "pituitary adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:303 name: pseudomyxoma peritonei def: "Tumor characterized by extensive spread of a mucin-secreting neoplasm along the peritoneal surfaces (M-8480/6)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor [Term] id: MPATH:304 name: serous adenocarcinoma def: "Adenocarcinoma from a serous gland producing and containing serous proteinaceous secretions (M-8441/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:305 name: serous cystadenoma def: "Ovarian cystadenoma composed of cells similar to tubal epithelium (M-8441/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:306 name: signet ring cell carcinoma def: "Adenocarcinoma of signet ring type arising from exocrine cells of the gastric mucosa or enterocytes of intestinal mucosa. (M-8490/3)." [:Boivin; G.P.; Washington; K; Yang; K.; et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124; 762-777] synonym: "Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "signet ring cell carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:307 name: thyroid C-cell adenoma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Adenoma, parafollicular cell" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "tumor c-cell benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma [Term] id: MPATH:308 name: thyroid C-cell carcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. (M-8510/3, M-8345/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Medullary carcinoma, parafollicular cell" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "tumor c-cell malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:309 name: gonadal tumor def: "Germ cell and non-germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:31 name: emphysema def: "Abnormal accumulation of air in the interstitial connective tissue of a structure. Sensu Lung: Pulmonary emphysema; characterised by abnormal increase in the size of air (alveolar) spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with degenerative changes in their walls and reduction in their number." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:310 name: germ cell tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from germ cells. May be gonadal or extragonadal and are derived from primordial germ cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:309 ! gonadal tumor [Term] id: MPATH:311 name: dermoid cyst def: "Cystic ovarian teratomas with different mature cell types (M-9084/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:312 name: dysgerminoma def: "Undifferentiated germ cell tumor of the ovary composed of solid sheets of large polygonal cells with rim of clear cytoplasm (M-9060/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Seminoma (sensu male)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:313 name: embryonal carcinoma def: "Germ cell derived malignant neoplasm of the testis or ovary, composed of anaplastic cells with indistinct cellular borders and large ovoid, round, or bean-shaped nuclei that may have large nucleoli. (M-9070/3 )." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:314 name: endodermal sinus tumor def: "Germ cell derived tumors resembling parietal or visceral yolk sac endoderm derivatives. Abundant eosinophilic matrix surrounding nests and cords of neoplastic cells. (M-9071-3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Yolk sac carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:315 name: gonadoblastoma def: "Gonadal neoplasms that consist of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements (M-9073/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Gonocytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:316 name: mixed germ cell tumor def: "Malignant neoplasm of the testis/ovary including various elements of germ cell tumors (M-9085/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Mixed teratoma and seminoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:317 name: seminoma def: "Tumor derived from spermatogenic cells resembling spermatogenia or spermatocytes. NOS ( M9061/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "dysgerminoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Germinoma, malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "spermatoblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "spermatocytoma, malignant." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:318 name: classical seminoma def: "As MPATH:317, but not spermatocytic (M-9061/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:317 ! seminoma [Term] id: MPATH:319 name: spermatocytic seminoma def: "Neoplasm of the testis usually found within the tubule. Some debate as to whether it is of germ cell origin in contrast to classical seminoma. Three types of cells are identified in spermatocytic seminomas: those with small, intermediate, and large nuclei in humans. (M-9063/3)." [:Walt; H.; Oosterhuis; J.W. and Stevens; L.C. (1993) Int J Androl; 16; 267-271] synonym: "Spermatoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:317 ! seminoma [Term] id: MPATH:32 name: glaucoma def: "Increase in the intraocular pressure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:320 name: struma ovarii def: "Rare ovarian tumor, regarded as monodermal teratoma, in which thyroid tissue has surpassed the other elements; occasionally associated with hyperthyroidism (M-9090/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:321 name: teratocarcinoma def: "Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:322 name: teratoma def: "Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Malignant tumors are highly metatstatic. (M-9080/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:323 name: gonadal somatic cell tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from the non-germ cell derived tissues of the testis and ovary." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:309 ! gonadal tumor [Term] id: MPATH:324 name: androblastoma def: "obsolete use Sertoli cell tumor MPATH: 331." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:325 name: fibrothecoma def: "obsolete use thecoma MPATH:334." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:326 name: granulosa cell tumor def: ". Derived from sex cord stromal cells. In male thought to be Sertoli cells. (M- 8620/1)." [Beamer WG; Shultz KL; Tennent BJ; Azumi N; Sundberg JP. ( 1998 )Mouse model for malignant juvenile ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Toxicol Pathol 26:704-10] synonym: "gynoblastoma (sensu malignant form in ovary)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Tumor, sex cord stromal, benign, granulosa cell type" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:327 name: gynandroblastoma def: "gynandroblastoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete Use sertoli-leydig cell tumor MPATH 332 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:328 name: leydig cell tumor def: "Tumor derived from Leydig cells (M-8650/1)." [Mahler M; Sundberg JP ( 1997) Spontaneous Leydig cell tumors in inbred laboratory mice Lab Animal Science 47:148-52] synonym: "Interstitial cell tumor, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Leydig cell adenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:329 name: luteal cell tumor def: "Tumor derived from sex cords composed of highly luteinised cells with extensive pale granular cytoplasm. (M- 8610/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "luteinised granulosa cell tumor, benign. Gonadal sex cord stromal tumor, benign, luteoma type" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Luteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:33 name: intracellular and extracellular accumulation def: "Accumulation of substances within, on the surface of or between cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:330 name: ovarian stromal tumor def: "Tumor consists of a mixture of granulosa, luteal thecal, Sertoli and stromal cells. (M-8590/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:331 name: sertoli cell tumor def: "Tumor derived from sex cord/stromal cells; Sertoli cells and can occur in both testis and ovary. (M-8640/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Androblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "arrhenoblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "gonadal stromal tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "sex cord stromal tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "sustentacluar tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:332 name: sertoli-leydig cell tumor def: "Tumor of the ovary or testis containing granulosa or theca cell elements with a tubular componant of Sertoli cell type and producing simultaneous androgenic and estrogenic effects. (M-8631/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Gynandroblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:333 name: sex cord tumor def: "sex cord tumor" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete: Use more specific terms: MPATH: 334, 331, 329, 326 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:334 name: thecoma def: "Derived from sex cord stromal cells, spindle shaped cells arranged in whorls or interlacing bundles. (M- 8600/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Fibrothecoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "theca cell tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:323 ! gonadal somatic cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:335 name: hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder def: "Proliferative disorders and malignancies of the lymphoid and non lymphoid haematopoietic lineages." [http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:336 name: leukaemia def: "leukaemia" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete folowing reclassification. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:337 name: erythroid leukaemia def: "Leukaemia with at least 50% of nucleated erythroid cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:496 ! Non-Lymphoid leukaemias [Term] id: MPATH:338 name: granulocytic leukaemia def: "granulocytic leukaemia" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete following reclassification see: MPATH505 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:339 name: lymphatic leukaemia def: "lymphatic leukaemia" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:34 name: amyloid deposition def: "Extracellular deposition of amyloid protein." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Any group of chemically diverse proteins that appears microscopically homogeneous, but is composed of linear non-branching aggregated fibrils aranged in sheets when see under the electron microscope. synonym: "Amyloidosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:340 name: megakaryocytic leukaemia def: "Leukaemia with at least 50% of megakaryocytic cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:496 ! Non-Lymphoid leukaemias [Term] id: MPATH:341 name: myelodysplastic disorder def: "Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. Less than 20% should be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:508 ! myeloid dysplasias [Term] id: MPATH:342 name: myeloid leukaemia def: "Leukaemias of the myeloid lineage." [1.\ Kogan; S.C.; Ward; J.M.; Anver; M.R. et al. (2002) Bethesda proposals for classification of nonlymphoid hematopoietic neoplasms in mice. Blood; 100: 238-245.] synonym: "granulocytic leukaemia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/hema_models/hema_mouse_class is_a: MPATH:496 ! Non-Lymphoid leukaemias [Term] id: MPATH:343 name: lymphoma def: "lymphoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; divided between subtypes of MPATH516, MPATH535 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:344 name: follicle center cell lymphoma def: "follicle center cell lymphoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; see MPATH 522 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:345 name: immunoblastic lymphoma def: "immunoblastic lymphoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; see MPATH525 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:347 name: small lymphocytic lymphoma def: "small lymphocytic lymphoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; see MPATH520 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:348 name: thymic lymphoma def: "thymic lymphoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:349 name: mast cell tumor def: "mast cell tumor" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; see MPATH507 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:35 name: bile deposition def: "Intra- or extracellular deposition of bile pigments and their metabolites." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:613 ! pigmentation [Term] id: MPATH:350 name: mastocytoma def: "mastocytoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. See MPATH507 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:351 name: thymoma def: "A neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated; occasionally invasive, but metastases are rare; histologically, consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. (M-8580/1)." [:Stedman] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:352 name: hepatic tumor def: "Tumors of the liver and biliary apparatus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:353 name: hepatocellular adenoma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hepatic adenoma, benign, liver cell tumor, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hepatoma, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nodule type A" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:354 name: cholangiocarcinoma def: "Malignant tumor derived from the bile duct epithelium. (M8160/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:355 name: cholangiofibroma def: "Develops from cholangiofibrosis, fibrosis of the biliary ducts and is only potentially malignant." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:356 name: hepatoblastoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of the liver of unknown origin . Liver blastemal cells, neoplastic hepatocytes, oval cells and biliary epithelial cells have been proposed. (M- 8970/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "embryonal hepatoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "tumor, mixed, poorly differentiated" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:357 name: hepatocellular carcinoma def: "Malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/3)." [Bannasche; P and Zerban; H. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat iver. In: Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. G�ssner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer\: Stuttgart. p. 18-63] synonym: "carcinoma, trabecular" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "carcinoma, trabecular (liver)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hepatoma, malignant" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nodule type B" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:358 name: melanocytic tumor def: "Tumors derived from melanocytes." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor [Term] id: MPATH:359 name: melanoma def: "Tumor of neurectodermal origin, usually melanocytes, showing dense deposition of melanin granules, although amelanotic melanomas have been reported. (M-8720/3)." [# Klein-Szanto; A.J.; Neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the mouse skin; in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. G�ssner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer: Stuttgart. p. 1-18] synonym: "melanosarcoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "melanosarcoma, malignant melanoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/malignant_melanoma#melanoma_table is_a: MPATH:358 ! melanocytic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:36 name: calcium deposition def: "Intra or extracellular deposition of calcium usually as calcium phosphate." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:555 ! mineralisation [Term] id: MPATH:360 name: melanoma in situ def: "A potentially malignant lesion, melanoma in situ is the first phase of growth of melanoma, in which it is still confined to the epithelial domain (epidermis and adnexa) and has not passed through the basement membrane. (M-8720/2)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "level I melanoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:358 ! melanocytic tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:361 name: naevus def: "Local lesion of the skin, often colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity. May be predominantly epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, vascular, or mesodermal, or a compound overgrowth of these tissues. Not necessarily pre-malignant. (M-8720/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mole (sensu melanocytic nevus)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:358 ! melanocytic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:362 name: mesonephroma def: "Benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures. (M-9110/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mesonephric adenocarcinoma, wolffian duct carcinoma, mesonephroid tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:363 name: mesonephric tumor def: "Tumor beleived to be derived from mesonephric remnants. (M-8310/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mesonephroid clear cell adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:362 ! mesonephroma [Term] id: MPATH:364 name: mesothelial tumor def: "mesothelial tumor" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; subsumed into MPATH365 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:365 name: mesothelioma def: "Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum, composed of spindle cells or fibrous tissue which may enclose glandlike spaces lined by cuboidal cells. Epithelioid, fibrous, cystis, papillary, and sarcomatoid variants. (M- 9050/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:366 name: neuroendocrine tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from the neuroendocrine system." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:367 name: carcinoid tumor def: "Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derived from primitive stem cells. Found predominantly in the lung and gut they are capable of secreting a large range of substances and have a number of histological subtypes. May resemble but are distinct from small cell lung carcinoma in the lung. (M-8240/3)." [:Pathbase Pathology Commitee] is_a: MPATH:366 ! neuroendocrine tumor [Term] id: MPATH:368 name: endocrine adenocarcinoma def: "obsolete." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:369 name: endocrine adenoma def: "endocrine adenoma" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:37 name: ceroid deposition def: "Intracellular deposition of golden or yellow-brown pigment, acid fast and insoluble in lipid solvents. Believed to be a type of lipofuscin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:613 ! pigmentation [Term] id: MPATH:370 name: primitive neurectodermal tumor def: "Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are neoplasms derived from primitive neural stem cells either in the CNS or the periphery . These are small-cell, malignant embryonal tumors showing divergent differentiation of variable degree along neuronal, glial, or rarely mesenchymal lines. (M-9473/3, M-9364/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] synonym: "PNET" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:373 ! CNS progenitor tumor is_a: MPATH:570 ! peripheral nervous system tumors [Term] id: MPATH:371 name: small cell carcinoma def: "Neuroendocrine cell derived anaplastic carcinoma composed of small cells, usually of the lung producing a variety of peptide hormones. (M-8041/3) 1.2.3.4 of MMHCC classification." [Nikitin; A.Y.; Alcaraz; A.; Anver; M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research; 64\: 2307-2316.] comment: see: Meuwissen, R., Linn, S.C., Linnoila, R.I. et al. (2003) Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model. Cancer cell, 4: 181-189. Calbo, J., Meuwissen, R., van Montfort, E. et al. (2005) Genotype-phenotype relationships in a mouse model for human small-cell lung cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology, 70: 225-232. Meuwissen, R. and Berns, A. (2005) Mouse models for human lung cancer. Genes & development, 19: 643-664. synonym: "oat cell carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/mouse_models/organ_models/lung_models/murinecancer/tumorclass is_a: MPATH:366 ! neuroendocrine tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:372 name: tumorlet def: "Small disseminated foci of atypical bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Benign. (M- 8040/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:366 ! neuroendocrine tumor [Term] id: MPATH:373 name: CNS progenitor tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from neuroepithelial precursors." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Renamed from neuroepitheliomatous tumor, to reflect primitive origins of this class of tumor. is_a: MPATH:565 ! tumors of neurepithelial tissue [Term] id: MPATH:374 name: esthesioneuroblastoma def: "A neoplasm of immature, poorly differentiated neuronal cells believed to arise from neuroepithelial precursors in the olfactory epithelium. (M- 9522/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "neuroblastoma, olfactory" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "neuroepithelial carcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "neuroepithelioma, olfactory" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:373 ! CNS progenitor tumor [Term] id: MPATH:375 name: ganglioneuroma def: "A benign neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic neurons scattered singly or in clumps within a relatively abundant and dense stroma of neurofibrils and collagenous fibers. (M-9490/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:570 ! peripheral nervous system tumors [Term] id: MPATH:376 name: neuroblastoma def: "A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, poorly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type. (M-9500/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] is_a: MPATH:373 ! CNS progenitor tumor [Term] id: MPATH:377 name: pheochromocytoma def: "A catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla. May be benign or malignant. [See MPATH 398]. (M- 8510/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:366 ! neuroendocrine tumor [Term] id: MPATH:378 name: retinoblastoma def: "Malignant juvenile neoplasm of the eye derived from primitive retinal precursor cells. (M- 9510/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:373 ! CNS progenitor tumor [Term] id: MPATH:379 name: odontogenic tumor def: "Neoplasm arising from the tissues of the odontogenic apparatus. These tumors are derived from ectodermal tissue (epithelial tumors) or from mesodermal tissue (connective tissue tumors) or are composed of both components (mixed or composite odontogenic tumors) ." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:38 name: copper deposition def: "Intra and extracellular deposition of copper and copper containing proteins." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:45 ! protein deposition is_a: MPATH:555 ! mineralisation [Term] id: MPATH:380 name: ameloblastic fibroma def: "A tumor consisting of proliferating strands and clumps of odontogenic epithelium in a highly cellular fibroblastic stroma resembling the dental papilla of developing teeth. The epithelial component are composed of peripheral cuboidal or cylindrical cells enclosing scant stellate cells. (M-9330/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:381 name: ameloblastoma def: "Benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that histologically mimics the embryonic enamel organ but does not differentiate to the point of forming dental hard tissue.Histologically dominated by epithelial cells in a scant fibroblastic stroma. (M-9310/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:382 name: cementifying fibroma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal cells or cementoblasts. Well demarcated tumor occurring exclusively in the jaw containing spindle cells which undergo transformation to cuboidal cementoblasts forming multiple cementicle like bodies. ( M-9274/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:383 name: cementoblastoma def: "A neoplasm arising from the periodontal ligament (M-9273/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "True cementoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:384 name: cementoma def: "Reactive fibro-osseous lesion derived from odotongenic cells in the periodontal ligament (M-9272/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:385 name: dentinoma def: "Similar lesion to ameloblastic fibroma (MPATH380) , but also showing inductive changes that lead to the formation of dentine (M-9271/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "ameloblastic fibrodentinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:386 name: odontogenic tumor def: "odontogenic tumor" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: redundant is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:387 name: odontoma def: "Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0)." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:379 ! odontogenic tumor is_a: MPATH:74 ! hamartoma [Term] id: MPATH:388 name: osseous and chondromatous tumor def: "Neoplasms of bone and cartilage." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:389 name: chondroblastoma def: "A benign or malignant neoplasm occuring in the epiphyses of long bones, consisting of highly cellular tissue resembling embryonic cartilage. (M-9230/0, /3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:39 name: glycogen deposition def: "Intracellular deposition of glycogen." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:390 name: chondroblastoma, malignant def: "chondroblastoma, malignant" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Subsumed into MPATH:389 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:391 name: chondroma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage (M-9220/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:392 name: chondrosarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived form pluripotential mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes or chondroblasts. No production of osteoid. (M-9220/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:393 name: osteoblastoma def: "Generally benign osteogenic neoplasm of unknown aetiology. Aggressive form may be confused with osteosarcoma. NOT a syn for osteofibroma. (M-9200/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "giant osteoid osteoma, benign osteoblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:394 name: osteochondroma def: "Benign bone tumor characterized by hyaline cartilage capped bony growths that project from the surface of the affected bone. (M-9210/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "cartilaginous exostosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:395 name: osteofibroma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts composed of mature nbone trabelculae seperated by a stroma of spindle cells. (M- 9262/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:396 name: osteoma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from osteoblasts or osteocytes composed of very dense bone with predominantly woven structure. ( M-9180/0)." [Luz; A and Gessner; W. ; Neoplastic bone lesions of the mouse; in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. G�ssner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer: Stuttgart. p. 142-154] synonym: "cancellous osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "compact osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "juxtacortical osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "medullary osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteoid osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "spongious osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "trabecular osteoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:397 name: osteosarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived form mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts or osteocytes. Highly invasive and destructive tumor rising in the skeleton with osteoid and immature woven bone. (M-9180/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteogenic sarcoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:398 name: paragangliomas and glomus tumor def: "Generally benign neoplasms of CHIEF cells arising from neuroectodermal tissues, found in various parts of the body. Note that until recently, glomus tumors were believed to be derived from specialised vascular cells, which is incorrect. Paraganglioma is the preferred term.The nomenclature for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is inconsistent. The term paraganglioma is used to refer to any extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglion system or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system. Functional tumors are referred extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:366 ! neuroendocrine tumor [Term] id: MPATH:399 name: aortic body tumor def: "Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the aortic body (M-8691/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "aortic body paraganglioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:398 ! paragangliomas and glomus tumor [Term] id: MPATH:4 name: necrosis def: "Morpholological changes after intravital (Pathologic) death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage;characterised by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, swollen and abnormally pale basophilic staining; or karyorrhexis, rupture and fragmentation of the nucleus. Energy independent cf. Apoptosis MPATH 3." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:2 ! cell death [Term] id: MPATH:40 name: hyalinosis def: "Intracellular deposition of eosinophilic material." [:Haines; D.C.; Chattopadhyay; S. and Ward; J.M. (2001) Pathology of aging B6;129 mice. Toxicol Pathol; 29; 653-661.] synonym: "Hyaline degeneration, Eosinophilic cytoplasmic change" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:400 name: carotid body tumor def: "Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the carotid body (M-8692/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "carotid body paraganglioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:398 ! paragangliomas and glomus tumor [Term] id: MPATH:401 name: glomus jugulare tumor def: "A glomus tumor arising from the chief cells of the paraganglia ( neurectodermal derivatives) , or glomus bodies, located within the wall (adventitia) of the jugular bulb. (8690/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:398 ! paragangliomas and glomus tumor [Term] id: MPATH:402 name: glomus tumor def: "glomus tumor" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete; use paraganglioma M-8711/0) or specific example terms, MPATH399-401. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:403 name: paraganglioma def: "A neoplasm composed of derivatives of CHIEF cells usually in single encapsulated nodular masses surrounded with sustentacular cells. ( M- 8711/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "chemodectomas" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "glomus tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "non-chromaffin paragangliomas" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:398 ! paragangliomas and glomus tumor [Term] id: MPATH:404 name: soft tissue tumor def: "Neoplasms of the soft and connective tissues." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:405 name: chordoma def: "Believed to arise from primitive notochord remnants . Usually occurs along the axial skeleton and is characterised by the presence of bubble cells containing large unstained cytoplasmic vacuoles with central or eccentricc nuclei. Benign but locally invasive. (M-9370/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:406 name: dermatofibrosarcoma def: "Highly recurrent, infiltrative skin tumors of intermediate malignancy derived from fibroblasts/fibrocytes. Human condition dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (M-8832/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:407 name: Fibroma def: "Benign neoplasm of fibroblasts/fibrocytes with poor/moderate cellularity. (M-8810/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: "Soft tissue" qualifier removed by Pathology Panel to increase scope of term. is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:408 name: soft tissue fibrosarcoma def: "Malignant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells; fibroblasts, fibrocytes (M-8810/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:409 name: fibrous histiocytoma def: "Benign or maligant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells showing fibrous and histiocytic differentiation (M-8830/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:41 name: iron deposition def: "Extra- or intra-cellular deposition of iron, iron containing proteins or hemosiderin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:45 ! protein deposition is_a: MPATH:555 ! mineralisation [Term] id: MPATH:410 name: giant cell tumor of soft tissue def: "Malignant or benign tumor of pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells giving rise to large multinucleated cells (M- 9251/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "giant cell fibrous histiocytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:411 name: granular cell tumor/alveolar sarcoma def: "granular cell tumor/alveolar sarcoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. Use specific terms MPATH: 412 or MPATH: 413 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:412 name: alveolar soft part sarcoma def: "Malignant tumor of unknown origin though probably myogenic due to expression of MyoD and other myogenic lineage markers. Consists of grouped polygonal tumor cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in an organ-like configuration separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Central areas within these nests of cells become necrotic, and the loss of architecture produces an alveolar appearance. (M-9581/3)." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:413 name: granular cell tumor def: "Large polygonal or round cell tumors with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm containing PAS positive granules. Found especially in the uterine cervix. Aetiology unknown. (M-9580/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "myoblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:423 ! myomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:414 name: histiocytic sarcoma def: "histiocytic sarcoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: redundant use MPATH506 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:415 name: lipomatous tumor def: "Tumors derived from the lipogenic lineage or showing predominantly lipomatous differentiation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:416 name: angiomyolipoma def: "Benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Associated with tuberous sclerosis in humans. Aetiology unknown, but the combination of elements may reflect a lesion specific pattern of metaplasia.(M-8860/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:415 ! lipomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:417 name: lipoma def: "Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous. (M- 8850/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:415 ! lipomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:418 name: liposarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasms which probably originate in primitive mesenchymal stem cell populations differentiating down a lipomatous pathway. (M-8850/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:415 ! lipomatous tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:419 name: lymphatic vessel tumor def: "Neoplasms of the lymphatic vessels." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:42 name: lipid deposition def: "Extra or intracellular deposition of lipid." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:420 name: lymphangioma def: "Benign hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic ducts. Usually found in the skin and may be superficial or deep. (M-9170/0)." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Cystic hygroma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:419 ! lymphatic vessel tumor is_a: MPATH:74 ! hamartoma [Term] id: MPATH:421 name: lymphangiomyomatosis def: "Characterized by benign peribronchial, perivascular, and perilymphatic proliferation of atypical smooth muscle resulting in vascular and airway obstruction, cyst formation, and a progressive decline in lung function. (M- 9174/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:419 ! lymphatic vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:422 name: lymphangiosarcoma def: "A malignant neoplasm derived from vascular tissue in which the neoplastic cells originate from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. (M-9170/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:419 ! lymphatic vessel tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:423 name: myomatous tumor def: "Neoplasms derived from myogenic lineages or predominantly composed of cells showing myomatous differentiation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:424 name: intravascular leiomyomatosis def: "Benign leiomyoma that invades vascular spaces. (M-8890/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:423 ! myomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:425 name: leiomyoma def: "Benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells. (M-8890/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:423 ! myomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:426 name: leiomyosarcoma def: "Malignant tumor derived form pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or smooth muscle cells. (M- 8890/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:423 ! myomatous tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:427 name: myoblastoma def: "myoblastoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. Syn of granular cell tumor. MPATH 413 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:428 name: rhabdomyosarcoma def: "Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. (M-8900/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:423 ! myomatous tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:429 name: myxomatous tumor def: "Neoplasms resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue with a soft mucous matrix." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:43 name: lipofuscin deposition def: "Intracellular deposition of brown pigment granules probably representing lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. Often age related." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:613 ! pigmentation [Term] id: MPATH:430 name: angiomyxoma def: "Angiomyxoma is a poorly circumscribed, slowly growing lesion composed of spindle-shaped and stellate cells evenly distributed in an abundant myxoid matrix. The lesion contains numerous vessels, often showing some hyalinization of their walls, and occasionally surrounded by a few smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells may express desmin and/ or smooth muscle actin (M-8841/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:429 ! myxomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:431 name: myxoma def: "A benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. May show multiple differentiated components. (M-8840/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:429 ! myxomatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:432 name: myxosarcoma def: "A malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. (M-8840/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:429 ! myxomatous tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:433 name: nerve sheath tumor def: "Neoplasms of the nerve sheath." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor is_a: MPATH:570 ! peripheral nervous system tumors [Term] id: MPATH:434 name: neurilemmoma def: "neurilemmoma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete. Use schwannoma MPATH438 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:435 name: neurofibroma def: "Peripheral nerve tumor consisting of chaotic arrays of wavy schwann cell bundles and fibroblasts interspersed within a matrix rich in collagen and mucopolysaccharide. (M9540/0)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] is_a: MPATH:433 ! nerve sheath tumor [Term] id: MPATH:436 name: neurofibromatosis def: "Systemic manifestation of MPATH:435 ( M-9540/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:433 ! nerve sheath tumor [Term] id: MPATH:437 name: neurofibrosarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] synonym: "malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:433 ! nerve sheath tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:438 name: schwannoma def: "May be malignant or benign, Schwann cell derived tumor considered to be neurectodermal with some acquired mesenchymal features. (M-9560/0)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] synonym: "neurilemoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "neurinoma, benign" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:433 ! nerve sheath tumor [Term] id: MPATH:439 name: synovial-like tumor def: "Neoplasms of synovial origin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:404 ! soft tissue tumor [Term] id: MPATH:44 name: melanin deposition def: "Intra or extracellular deposition of melanin." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:613 ! pigmentation [Term] id: MPATH:440 name: synovial sarcoma def: "Malignant neoplasm occurring in close association with tendon sheaths and joint capsules. Biphasic in humans , showing a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid like morphology; this is not seen in rodents to date. (M-9040/3)." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "Synovial cell sarcoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:439 ! synovial-like tumor is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:441 name: synovioma def: "synovioma" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Obsolete. Use MPATH:440 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:442 name: squamous cell tumor def: "Neoplasms of stratified squamous epithelial cells." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:443 name: inverted squamous papilloma def: "A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "endophytic papilloma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "invaginated papilloma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor is_a: MPATH:445 ! papilloma [Term] id: MPATH:444 name: keratoacanthoma def: "Skin type is thought to arise from follicular epithelium of hair follicles; found in other epithelia. Composed of multiple cup shaped cavities filled with lamellated concentrically arranged or homogeneous cornified masses." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "epithelioma, intracutaneous, cornifying" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:445 name: papilloma def: "A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells (M- 8050/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:264 ! fibroepithelial tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:446 name: squamous cell carcinoma def: "Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "carcinoma, epidermoid ( sensu epidermal derived tumors)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:447 name: squamous cell carcinoma in situ def: "Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "IENIII" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "severe intra-epithelial neoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:448 name: squamous cell papilloma def: "A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Exophytic papilloma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor is_a: MPATH:445 ! papilloma [Term] id: MPATH:449 name: verrucous carcinoma def: "A well-differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma. (M-8051/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:45 name: protein deposition def: "Non-specified intra or extracellular deposition of protein." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:450 name: transitional cell tumor def: "Neoplasms of transitional epithelia, eg kidney, ureter , bladder , cervix." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:451 name: transitional cell carcinoma def: "Malignant neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:450 ! transitional cell tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:452 name: transitional cell carcinoma in situ def: "Pre-malignant intra-epithelial neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/2)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "severe intra-epithelial neoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:450 ! transitional cell tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:453 name: transitional cell papilloma def: "Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form ( M- 8120/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:450 ! transitional cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:454 name: trophoblastic tumor def: "Tumors derived directly from trophoblastic tissue or differentiated from germ cell tumor origins." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:455 name: choriocarcinoma def: "Tumor derived from malignant trophoblastic cells. May be found in the uterus, ovary and testis. May also be derived from teratomas and teratocarcinomas in males. (M-9100/3)." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "Chorioepithelioma, malignant." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:310 ! germ cell tumor is_a: MPATH:454 ! trophoblastic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:456 name: hydatidiform mole def: "Vesicular or cystic tumor with hydropic villi resulting from the proliferation of trophoblast in the absence ( complete) or the presence ( partial) of an embryo. Most complete moles are homozygous androgenetic XX 46.(M-9100/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "cystic mole" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "gestational trophoblastic disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:454 ! trophoblastic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:457 name: placental site trophoblastic tumor def: "Neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts that invades the myometrium at the placental site after a pregnancy. (M-9104/1)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:454 ! trophoblastic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:458 name: normal def: "Normal." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:0 ! pathology_ontology [Term] id: MPATH:459 name: obsolete def: "obsolete" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:46 name: uric acid deposition def: "Extracellular deposition of uric acid crystals." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:460 name: nuclear defect def: "Defect in the structure or function of the nuclear membrane or matrix or other component." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:17 ! subcellular defect [Term] id: MPATH:461 name: cataract; capsular-epithelial def: "Proliferation of lens epithelium and capsule leading to fibrous metaplasia and anterior subcapsular cataract ( ASC) . Possible developmental origin." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton.] is_a: MPATH:29 ! cataract [Term] id: MPATH:462 name: cataract; nuclear and cortical def: "Nuclear cataract of developmental origin with tendency to progress with age and involve the cortex and capsule." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton.] is_a: MPATH:29 ! cataract [Term] id: MPATH:463 name: cataract; cortical liquefactive def: "Of developmental origins; nucleus and cortex become completely liquefied in post-natal life." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton.] is_a: MPATH:29 ! cataract [Term] id: MPATH:464 name: cataract; lens extrusion def: "Involves capsular rupture usually of the posterior lens capsule, close to birth or in the first few weeks postpartum. Cortical material spills into the vitreous humor and may be disseminated through the eye." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton.] is_a: MPATH:29 ! cataract [Term] id: MPATH:465 name: glaucoma developmental def: "Consequent on developmental abnormalities in the trabecular network and Schlemm`s canal in the angle." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton] is_a: MPATH:32 ! glaucoma [Term] id: MPATH:466 name: glaucoma; open angle def: "Failure of drainage of the eye for unknown reasons." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton.] is_a: MPATH:32 ! glaucoma [Term] id: MPATH:467 name: glaucoma; angle closure def: "Develops when the angle caused by the iris and cornea closes. May occur because of anatomically narrow angles or adhesions." [:Smith; R. S.; John; S.W.M.; Nishina; P.M.; and Sundberg; J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press; Boca Raton] is_a: MPATH:32 ! glaucoma [Term] id: MPATH:468 name: pseudocyst def: "Formation of extracellular (sensu pancreas) non-epithelial bounded spaces containing accumulated products or substances." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:469 name: symmetry defect def: "Any aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:47 name: intracellular and extracellular depletion def: "Loss of specific intra- and extracellular substances." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:470 name: left/right axis defect def: "Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: For example as seen in the mutation is_a: MPATH:469 ! symmetry defect [Term] id: MPATH:471 name: anterior/posterior axis defect def: "Anteroposterior aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:469 ! symmetry defect [Term] id: MPATH:472 name: Dorsal/ventral axis defect def: "Dorsoventral aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:469 ! symmetry defect [Term] id: MPATH:473 name: developmental cystic dysplasia def: "Developmental dysplasia showing epithelial cell bounded cavities." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:64 ! developmental dysplasia [Term] id: MPATH:474 name: ectasia def: "Dilation of a tubular structure." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] comment: Often associated with an obstruction is_a: MPATH:66 ! dilatation [Term] id: MPATH:475 name: ductal ectasia def: "Dilation of a ductal structure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:474 ! ectasia [Term] id: MPATH:476 name: telangiectasia def: "A lesion formed by a dilated capillary or terminal artery." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:474 ! ectasia [Term] id: MPATH:477 name: choristoma def: "Similar to hamartoma, including the mass lesion requirement, but unlike hamartoma, includes heterotopic tissue of an adult or embryonic nature ( topographical and developmental anomaly)." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] synonym: "Choristoblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:478 name: angiogenesis defect def: "Abnormality in developmental angiogenesis." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:479 name: vasculogenesis defect def: "Defect in formation of blood vessels by vasculogenesis, proliferation or recruitment of endothelial cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:48 name: decalcification def: "Process of loss of calcium from normally calcified tissue, usually bone." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:480 name: decidual defect def: "Any defect in the formation, architecture, cellular composition or function of the maternal decidua." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:100 ! placental abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:481 name: pre-neoplastic lesions def: "Lesions likely to result in progression to frank tumors, which may be classified as pre-neoplastic or pre-cancerous." [:Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128] comment: Obsolete; replaced by potentially pre-cancerous lesions (MPATH 556) as many are actually neoplastic but do not progress to cancer. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:482 name: focal hyperplasia def: "Localised hyperplastic lesion. Polyclonal lesions are probably benign but clonal lesions may progress to malignancy." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:483 name: atypical hyperplasia def: "Presence of localised areas within for example adenomas showing characteristics of neoplastic (tumor) progression, eg focal carcinoma." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Considered to be too vague to be useful. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:484 name: nodular hyperplasia def: "Expansion of small hyperplastic lesions to become macroscopically nodular, compressing adjacent cells." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "hyperplastic nodules" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:485 name: carcinoma in situ def: "May be used in some systems in preference to its synonyms to indicate lesion specific aprearances. A lesion characterised by changes of the type associated with invasive carcinoma, but physically bounded by the lining epithelium and without local invasion." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Subsumed into MPATH: 132 synonym: "severe epithelial dysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "severe intraepithelial neoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:486 name: ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "Pre-malignant hyperplastic and/or dysplastic change in the mammary gland epithelium with the potential to give rise to malignant tumors." [Cardiff RD; Anver MR; Gusterson BA; et .al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.] comment: This term covers the range of DIN (MIN) including severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (IENIII), alternatively termed in situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). See Tavassoli FA. (1998) Mod Pathol. 11:140-54. Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia for further definition. synonym: "DIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Ductal carcinoma in situ" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "intraductal adenocarcinoma, non-infiltrating" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "MIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:267 ! glandular tumor is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:487 name: intestinal intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "Histologically apparent areas of dysplasia that are not grossly visible (smaller than 0.5-1 mm). Lesions may involve single or multiple glands." [Boivin GP; Washington K; Yang K; Ward JM; et. al (2003) Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer: consensus report and recommendations Gastroenterology. 124\:762-77] synonym: "GIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "IIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "microadenoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:488 name: prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "See reference for definition." [:Henson; D.E. and Albores-Saavedra; J. Pathology of incipient neoplasia. 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press; 839; 2001] comment: Also see: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/prostate_models/path_class_mouse synonym: "PIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:489 name: stomach, oesophagus and pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia def: "stomach, oesophagus and pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia" [:Henson; D.E. and Albores-Saavedra; J. Pathology of incipient neoplasia. 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press; 839; 2001] synonym: "PANIN" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:128 ! intra-epithelial neoplasia [Term] id: MPATH:49 name: demyelination def: "Reduction of myelin content in neuronal sheath." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:490 name: adenomatous polyp def: "Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "polypoid adenoma, cellular polyp." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma relationship: part_of MPATH:271 ! adenomatous polyposis coli [Term] id: MPATH:491 name: polyp def: "A mass of tissue which projects outward or upward from the normal surface level being macroscopically visible as a hemispheroidal, spheroidal, or irregular moundlike structure growing from a relatively broad base or a slender stalk." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:138 ! epithelial hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:492 name: membraneous glomerulonephritis def: "Glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary basement membranes, due in part to subepithelial deposits of immunoglobulins separated by spikes of basement membrane material,." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:197 ! glomerulonephritis [Term] id: MPATH:493 name: membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis def: "A chronic glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial cell proliferation, increased lobular separation of glomeruli, thickening of glomerular capillary walls and increased mesangial matrix,." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:197 ! glomerulonephritis [Term] id: MPATH:494 name: autoimmune glomerulonephritis def: "Glomerulonephritis caused by autoimmune attack on the glomerulus." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:197 ! glomerulonephritis [Term] id: MPATH:495 name: glomangioma def: "Tumor derived from the capillary glomus with arteriovenous capillary anastomoses. Often characterized by multiple tumors resembling cavernous hemangioma (M-8712/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:235 ! blood vessel tumor [Term] id: MPATH:496 name: Non-Lymphoid leukaemias def: "Neoplasms of non-lymphoid haematopoietic lineage. Must have at least 20% blast cells to meet this definition." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:515 ! Non-Lymphoid neoplasias [Term] id: MPATH:497 name: myeloid leukaemia without maturation def: "Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly differentiated and not monocytic. At least 90% of the cells have to be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http\://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2] synonym: "myeloblastic leukaemia without maturation" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "myeloid leukaemia (myeloblastic type)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "poorly differentiated myeloid leukaemia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:342 ! myeloid leukaemia [Term] id: MPATH:498 name: myeloid leukaemia with maturation def: "Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic but not monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http\://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2] synonym: "myeloblastic laeukaemia with maturation" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "poorly differentiated myeloid leukaemia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:342 ! myeloid leukaemia [Term] id: MPATH:499 name: nesidioblastosis def: "Abnormal proliferation of beta cells of developing islets often leading to marked diffuse or focal beta-cell hyperplasia. Considered to generate a potentially cancerous lesion." [:G.F. Laidlaw; Nesidioblastoma; the islet tumor of the pancreas; Am. J. Pathol. 14 (1938); pp. 125–134.] synonym: "Beta-cell nesidioblastosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "congenital insulinomas" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "diffused or generalised islet cell hyperplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "endocrine dysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "focal adenomatosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "microadenomatosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "multifocal and focal ductulo-insular proliferation (nesidioblastosis)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nesidioblastoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "nesidiodysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:64 ! developmental dysplasia [Term] id: MPATH:5 name: bridging necrosis def: "Area of liver necrosis that bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:50 name: glycogen depletion def: "Reduction in intracellular glycogen content." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:500 name: myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukaemia def: "Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are well differentiated and in which there are fewer than 20% blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] synonym: "myeloid leukaemia, chonic type" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "well differentiated myeloid leukaemia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:342 ! myeloid leukaemia [Term] id: MPATH:501 name: myelomonocytic leukaemia def: "Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic and a monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] synonym: "myeloid leukaemia, myelomonocytic type" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:342 ! myeloid leukaemia [Term] id: MPATH:502 name: monocytic leukaemia def: "Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly or moderately differentiated with a monocytic but no neutrophilic component. At least 20% of the cells must be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http\://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2] is_a: MPATH:342 ! myeloid leukaemia [Term] id: MPATH:503 name: biphenotypic leukaemia def: "A leukaemia with at least 90% blasts and differentiation markers of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:496 ! Non-Lymphoid leukaemias [Term] id: MPATH:504 name: non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas def: "Solid tumor mass composed of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http\://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2] is_a: MPATH:335 ! hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder is_a: MPATH:551 ! sarcoma [Term] id: MPATH:505 name: granulocytic sarcoma def: "Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of granulocytic or relatively undifferentiated non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:504 ! non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas [Term] id: MPATH:506 name: histiocytic sarcoma def: "Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of histiocytic cells (M-9775/3)." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] synonym: "histiocytic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Kupffer cell sarcoma (sensu liver)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "reticulum cell sarcoma, type A" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "reticulum cell sarcoma, type A, reticulosarcoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:504 ! non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas [Term] id: MPATH:507 name: mast cell sarcoma def: "Solid tumor mass composed of mast cells." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] synonym: "malignant mastocytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mast cell tumor" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "mastocytosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:504 ! non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas [Term] id: MPATH:508 name: myeloid dysplasias def: "Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:515 ! Non-Lymphoid neoplasias [Term] id: MPATH:509 name: cytopenia with increased blasts def: "Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. More than 20% should be blasts." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:508 ! myeloid dysplasias [Term] id: MPATH:51 name: hypocalcification def: "Intrinsic abnormally low level of calcification in a tissue cf. MPATH: 48." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:510 name: myeloid proliferations (non-reactive) def: "Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. Genetically determined." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:515 ! Non-Lymphoid neoplasias [Term] id: MPATH:511 name: Myeloproliferation (genetic) def: "Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which do not infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow. Genetically determined." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:510 ! myeloid proliferations (non-reactive) [Term] id: MPATH:512 name: myeloproliferative disease def: "Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:510 ! myeloid proliferations (non-reactive) [Term] id: MPATH:513 name: Lymphoid neoplasms def: "Neoplasms of the B or T cell lineage." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:335 ! hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder [Term] id: MPATH:514 name: B cell neoplasms def: "B cell neoplasms" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:515 name: Non-Lymphoid neoplasias def: "Hematological neoplasias of non-lymphoid origin." [Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245] is_a: MPATH:335 ! hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder [Term] id: MPATH:516 name: B-cell neoplasms def: "Neoplasm of the B cell lymphoid lineage." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:513 ! Lymphoid neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:517 name: precursor B cell neoplasms def: "Lymphoma originating from precursor B-cells." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:516 ! B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:518 name: precursor B -cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia def: "Lymphoma originating in a precursor B-cell." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] synonym: "lymphoblastic leukaemia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "lymphoblastic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:517 ! precursor B cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:519 name: Mature B-cell neoplasms def: "Lymphomas originating in peripheral B cells." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:516 ! B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:52 name: lipid depletion def: "Reduction in cellular or plasma lipid content." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:520 name: small B-cell lymphoma def: "Diffuse accumulation of small mature B-cells." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "small lymphocytic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: Morse\, et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258 is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:521 name: splenic marginal zone lymphoma def: "A lymphoid proliferation of cells of the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "SMZL" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:522 name: follicular B cell lymphoma def: "A lymphoid proliferation composed of a mixture of centroblasts and centrocytes that may or may not have a nodular(follicular)pattern. The follicular dendritic cell network is not present, unlike in the human. The equivalent typical translocation (Chr. 14:18 )seen in humans has not been reported in the mouse." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "follicular center cell lymphoma, small cell or mixed" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "follicular lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:523 name: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma def: "Diffuse proliferation of large B lymphoid cells." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "DLBCL" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:524 name: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, centroblastic type def: "Diffuse follicular centre cell lymphoma mainly composed of centroblasts." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "centroblastic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:523 ! Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Term] id: MPATH:525 name: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, immunoblastic type def: "Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with increased number of immunoblasts." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "Immunoblastic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:523 ! Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Term] id: MPATH:526 name: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, histiocyte associated def: "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with more than 50% histiocytes." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] synonym: "DLCL (HS)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:523 ! Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Term] id: MPATH:527 name: primary mediastinal (thymic) diffuse large B cell lymphoma def: "Primary B-cell lymphoma of the thymus. Reported in C57BL/6 mice infected with replication defective MuLV. Not clear that this is the equivalent of the human disease." [Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258] is_a: MPATH:523 ! Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Term] id: MPATH:528 name: classic Burkitt lymphoma def: "Highly proliferative B-cell lymphoma characteristically seen in c-Myc transgenic mice, derived from mature B cells." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:529 name: Burkitt-like lymphoma def: "Highly proliferative mature B-cell lymphoma, poorly defined." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:519 ! Mature B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:53 name: osteopenia def: "Reduced bone mass due to inadequate synthesis of osteoid, resulting in decreased calcification." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase curation] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:530 name: Plasma cell neoplasms def: "Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Includes the equivalent of human myeloma (ICD-O 9732/3)." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] synonym: "Myeloma ( human )" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/hema_models/hema_mouse_class is_a: MPATH:516 ! B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:531 name: B-natural killer cell lymphoma def: "Unusual lymphoma type described in thymectomised (SL/Kh x AKR/Ms) F1 mice. No equivalent found in human to date. See reference for detailed phenotype." [Lu; L-M.; et al (1999) Jpn J. Cancer Res. 90: 1218-1223] is_a: MPATH:516 ! B-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:532 name: plasmacytoma def: "Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/hema_models/hema_mouse_class is_a: MPATH:530 ! Plasma cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:533 name: extraosseous plasmacytoma def: "Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Frequently found in IL6 transgenic mice. Characteristically involves spleen and nodes rather than peritoneum." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:530 ! Plasma cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:534 name: anaplastic plasmacytoma def: "Diffuse proliferation of immature plasma cells or plasma blasts." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:530 ! Plasma cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:535 name: T-cell neoplasms def: "Neoplasms derived from cells of the T lymphocyte lineage." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:513 ! Lymphoid neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:536 name: precursor T-cell neoplasms def: "Neoplasms of precursor T cells." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:535 ! T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:537 name: precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia def: "Precursor T cell derived neoplasia. Most commonly found in the thymus." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] synonym: "thymic lymphoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:536 ! precursor T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:538 name: mature T-cell neoplasms def: "Non-thymic neoplasms of mature T cell origin." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:535 ! T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:539 name: small T-cell lymphoma def: "Accumulation of small mature T cells. No human counterpart known to date." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:538 ! mature T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:54 name: osteoporosis def: "Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue. More severe than MPATH: 53 with gross changes to bone matrix." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:47 ! intracellular and extracellular depletion [Term] id: MPATH:540 name: T cell neoplasms character undetermined def: "T cell neoplasms which cannot currently be classified into known subtypes." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:535 ! T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:541 name: T large cell anaplastic lymphoma def: "Diffuse large pleiomorphic T cell lymphoma. This entity does not correspond to human anaplastic large cell lymphoma." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:540 ! T cell neoplasms character undetermined [Term] id: MPATH:542 name: T natural killer cell lymphoma def: "Neoplasm of large granular T cells of CD8 phenotype." [:Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258] is_a: MPATH:535 ! T-cell neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:543 name: cholangioma def: "Benign neoplasm of the biliary duct. Occurs in solid and cystic forms. (M-8160/0)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:544 name: hepatocholangiocellular adenoma def: "Benign tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar adenoma and cholangioma." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:270 ! adenoma is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor [Term] id: MPATH:545 name: hepatocholangiocellular carcinoma def: "Malignant tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. (M-8180/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor is_a: MPATH:352 ! hepatic tumor is_a: MPATH:549 ! carcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:547 name: mucous secretions def: "Extracellular accumulation of mucous secretions." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] comment: Mucus is the clear viscous secretion of the mucous membranes. Consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes and various inorganic salts dissolved in water. is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:548 name: papillary transitional cell carcinoma def: "A generally malignant neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by atypical neoplastic epithelial or urothelial cells cells." [:Kunze; E. (1994) Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the Rat urinary bladder. In; Pathology of Neoplasia and Preneoplasia in Rodents. Eds. Bannach; P.; and Goessner; W.; Vol 1 p 114. Schattauer; Stuttgart New York] is_a: MPATH:264 ! fibroepithelial tumor is_a: MPATH:450 ! transitional cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:549 name: carcinoma def: "Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:55 name: developmental and structural abnormality def: "Developmental and structural abnormalities occurring during embryonic development or during adult life." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:550 name: sarcoma def: "A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:551 name: sarcoma def: "A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:552 name: Clara cell adenoma def: "Benign tumor of the Clara cells of the bronchioalveolar epithelium." [:Hahn; F.F. and Boorman; GA. neoplasia and pre-neoplasia in the lung. In Pathology of Neoplasia and Preneoplasia in Rodents. Vol.2. p 39. (1997) Schattauer ( Stuttgart and New York)] comment: Merged with MPATH:272 following recommendations of MMHC 2003. xref: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/mouse_models/organ_models/lung_models/murinecancer/tumorclass is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:553 name: neuritis def: "Inflammation of a nerve." [:Stedman`s medical Dictionary. 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins ( Philadelphia)] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:554 name: dystrophy def: "Regressive changes which may increase in severity, and which may result from defective nutrition or support of a tissue or organ." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] comment: Most often used for diseases in which a structure does not develop properly (not necessarily in an embryonic context) and undergoes degradation. is_a: MPATH:14 ! processes of degenerative change [Term] id: MPATH:555 name: mineralisation def: "Deposition of any homogeneous inorganic material." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:556 name: potentially cancerous lesions def: "Lesions which in some cases have the potential to become progressively growing malignant tumors." [:Pathbase consortium] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:557 name: aberrant crypt foci def: "Sensu gastrointsestinal tract. visible microscopically in whole mount colonic tissue. One or more crypts larger than most, have a thickened layer of epithelial cells that stain more intensely with methylene blue. Some have a slit shaped luminal opening, and increased pericryptal space and are elevated from the focal plane of the microscope. ACF is not a histologic diagnosis." [Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer: consensus report and recommendations Gastroenterology. 124\:762-77] comment: Use IEN1 MPATH:130 instead. Suppressed as not strictly a histological diagnosis. synonym: "ACF" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:558 name: adenomyoepithelioma def: "adenocarcinoma type tumor with both glandular and squamous differentiation. (M-8983/0)." [Cardiff RD; Anver MR; Gusterson BA; et .al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.] is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:559 name: Acinar adenocarcinoma def: "Tumor composed of small glandular clusters with small lumens." [Cardiff RD; Anver MR; Gusterson BA; et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:56 name: developmental and adult structural defect def: "Structural, physical or other general defect of prenatal development of the embryo, the placenta or the adult." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:55 ! developmental and structural abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:560 name: cribriform adenocarcinoma def: "Tumor composed of sheets or nests of cells forming lumens with round, punched out spaces." [Cardiff RD; Anver MR; Gusterson BA; et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:561 name: adenosquamous carcinoma def: "Mixed adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma. Not yet reported in mice. M-8560/3." [:Boivin; G.P.; Washington; K; Yang; K.; et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124; 762-777] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma is_a: MPATH:442 ! squamous cell tumor [Term] id: MPATH:562 name: torsion def: "The twisting of a bodily organ or part on its own axis." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:563 name: mucinous carcinoma def: "carcinoma derived from gastrointestinal epithelium with a high mucinous content. (M-8480/3)." [:Boivin; G.P.; Washington; K; Yang; K.; et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124; 762-777] synonym: "mucinous adenocarcinoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:268 ! adenocarcinoma [Term] id: MPATH:564 name: glioblastoma def: "Develop primarily through increasing anaplasia of well differentiated gliomas, mainly astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. Typically large and contain cells of different sizes with irrregular nuclei and atypical mitotic figures. (M-9440/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 synonym: "glioblastoma multiforme" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "monstrocytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma [Term] id: MPATH:565 name: tumors of neurepithelial tissue def: "Tumors of neuronal and non-neuronal cells derived from embryonic neurepithelium." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:243 ! central nervous system tumor [Term] id: MPATH:566 name: tumors of the meninges def: "tumors of the meninges" [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:243 ! central nervous system tumor [Term] id: MPATH:567 name: pilocytic astrocytoma def: "Glial cell derived tumor composed of bipolar cells with long `hairlike` GFAP-positive processes. (M9421/1)." [Nervous System. Radovsky A and Mahler; J.S. In: Maronpot; R. Pathology of the Mouse. (1999) Cache River Press. Vienna IL] comment: Often cystic in children and generally considered benign. synonym: "cystic cerebellar astrocytoma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:244 ! astrocytoma [Term] id: MPATH:568 name: mixed glioma def: "Mixed tumor containing astrocytes within an oligodendroglioma or vice versa. In some cases both components may be neoplastic. (M-9382/3)." [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 is_a: MPATH:249 ! glioma is_a: MPATH:254 ! complex tumor [Term] id: MPATH:569 name: granular cell tumor def: "granular cell tumor" [:Jaenisch; W and Schrieber; D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch; P. and Goessner; W. (1994) Schattauer] comment: Subsumed into MP:413 as incidence in meninges, whilst a characteristic lesion, is the same type of tumor as that originally classified under myomatous tumors. Describe meningeal granular cell tumor using MP:413 and the anatomical descriptor. is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:57 name: agenesis def: "Failure of a tissue or organ to develop." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Agenesia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:570 name: peripheral nervous system tumors def: "Tumors of the peripheral nervous system." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:218 ! neoplasm [Term] id: MPATH:571 name: pilomatricoma def: "Tumor composed of the epithelial components of the most proximal (trichogenic) portion of the hair follicle associated with an aberrent hair cortex type of cornification (ghost cells or shadow cells). The most primitive cellular component consists of basophilic cells having scanty cytoplasm and nuclei that occasionally overlap to some extent. In humans mineralisation is common." [See: Gat; U.; DasGupta; R.; Degenstein; L. and Fuchs; E. (1998) De Novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin Cell; 95; 605-614.] is_a: MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:572 name: ossifying fibroma def: "Ossifying fibromas are benign tumors derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts. Occur spontaneously or in response to radiation. Preferentially located in mandible, maxilla and caudal spine. Composed of a characteristically regular trabecular bone pattern embedded in a fibrous stroma. Proliferating component consists of spindle cells which give rise to cuboidal osteoblasts to form rounded bodies or trabeculae. Bone trabeculae resemble the alphabet soup shapes characteristic of fibrous dysplasia in humans. In contrast to fibrous dysplasia the bone trabeculae of ossifying fibroma are mostly lamellar and ringed by active osteoblasts." [Luz A; Goessner; W.;and Murray AB.(1991) Ossifying fibroma; mouse. In: Jones TC; Mohr U; Hunt RD (eds) Monographs on pathology of laboratory animals. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Springer; Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo; pp 228-232] is_a: MPATH:388 ! osseous and chondromatous tumor [Term] id: MPATH:573 name: inverted transitional cell papilloma def: "Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form, in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:453 ! transitional cell papilloma [Term] id: MPATH:574 name: nephroblastomatosis def: "Persistence of metanephrogenic blastema or its presence in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Associated with hyperplastic nephrogenic rests." [Beckwith; J.B. (1993). Precursor lesions of Wilms tumor: clinical and biological implications. Med Pediatr Oncol; 21; 158-68.] is_a: MPATH:64 ! developmental dysplasia [Term] id: MPATH:575 name: basaloid follicular neoplasms def: "This is a new diagnostic term that the MMHC pathology panel felt best described a diagnostically challenging set of tumors that share the feature of being compose of basaloid cells showing follicular differentiation to some extent. These tumors are common in GEM involving the hedgehog signaling pathway and frequently have more than one of the histologic patterns listed below. The designation of benign and malignant has been excluded from the primary diagnosis purposely, as this is frequently difficult to determine in these characteristically well circumscribed tumors. The presence of a disorganized (non-palisaded) sheet-like growth pattern, tumor necrosis, or numerous mitoses are felt to represent malignant transformation." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models] is_a: MPATH:219 ! adnexal and skin appendage tumor [Term] id: MPATH:576 name: trichofolliculoma def: "Basaloid neoplasm with numerous mature hair follicles and hair formation." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models] relationship: part_of MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:577 name: spiradenoma def: "Cellular neoplasm with well formed palisades of basaloid cells adjacent to less basophilic smaller cells with occasional central deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material. These tumors share some features with cylindroma type tumors but have a less well developed jigsaw puzzle-like architecture and tend to be more cellular." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification] is_a: MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:578 name: trichoblastoma def: "Basaloid neoplasm with frequent primitive hair follicles." [http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification] is_a: MPATH:575 ! basaloid follicular neoplasms [Term] id: MPATH:579 name: ulcer def: "Loss of epithelium and the basement membrane (full thickness). cf Erosion." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:1 ! cell and tissue damage [Term] id: MPATH:58 name: aplasia def: "Absence of an organ or tissue coupled with persistence of the organ/tissue primordium, which fails to develop completely." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:580 name: Erosion def: "Partial epithelial denudation not penetrating to the basement membrane." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:15 ! general degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:581 name: desmoplasia def: "Connective tissue proliferative reaction induced by a neoplastic process." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "scirrhous" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "sclerosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:582 name: Cicatricial alopecia def: "Scarring of the hair follicle without affecting the adjacent dermis. Pigment may be associated with fibrous tract in pigmented individuals." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:26 ! alopecia [Term] id: MPATH:583 name: scarring alopecia def: "Loss of hair follicles in a diffuse dermal scar." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:26 ! alopecia [Term] id: MPATH:584 name: myelofibrosis def: "In mice the term refers to accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the medullary cavity of bones; usually in old mice. In humans the term is synonymous with myeloid metaplasia." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:585 name: acidophilic macrophage pneumonia def: "A mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary airways with predominant intra-alveolar macrophage component with intra- and extracellular, elongated, bright eosinophilic/acidophilic crystals." [:Murray AB; Luz A ( 1990 ) Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice. Vet Pathol. 27; 274-81] comment: Crystals and acidophilic material have been reported as various materials including Ym1 and Ym2 proteins and blood pigment derivatives and Eotaxin. is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:586 name: polycystic disease def: "A group of degenerative disorders resulting in multiple cysts in tissues." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] synonym: "polycystic kidney disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "polycystic liver disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "polycystic ovary" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:587 name: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia def: "The lesion is characterized microscopically by epithelial cells with atypical hyperchromatic nuclei, vacuolization, intratubular lumina formation, infrequent apoptosis, and rare mitotic figures. In contrast to germ cells, the cells of CEH do not express alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, or S-100. Ultrastructurally, the cells are pleomorphic with stereocilia at their apical borders and within intratubular lumina, and are supported by a basement membrane. CEH does not appear to be a preneoplastic change." [La Perle KM; Blomme EA; Sagartz JE; Capen CC (2002) Epididymal cribriform hyperplasia with nuclear atypia in p53 homozygous knockout. Comp Med. 2002 52:568-71.] comment: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia was initially described as an incidental finding in human orchidectomy specimens. Recently, this condition was also described in mice, homozygous for a targeted mutation in p53. is_a: MPATH:602 ! hyperplastic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:588 name: Dysplasia def: "Dysplasia" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:589 name: dysplasia def: "Distortion or deficiency of the tissue or cellular architecture." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Note that with respect to developmental processes the term dysplasia is often used with greater specificity to describe aberrant developmental processes of proliferation and differentation, in which case MPATH: 64 Developmental dysplasia should be used. is_a: MPATH:604 ! defective growth and differentiation process [Term] id: MPATH:59 name: defective branching morphogenesis def: "Defect in the process determining number, angle, pattern or rate of branching of tubular branched structures eg. Glandular ducts." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:590 name: fibro-osseous lesion def: "Lesion of bone showing accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption coupled with fibroplasia. Later stages show proliferation of osteoblasts." [Albassam MA; Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U; Dungworth DL; Capen CC; Carlton WW; Sundberg JP; Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press; Washington D.C.; pp 425-437] comment: The benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOL) represent a clinically diverse group of disorders of bone that share similar histopathologic features. As a group, they are relatively common in the craniofacial complex, especially the jaws. Common in some inbred strains notably B6C3F1 females. Note that many of the synonyms have been used historically and may not be accurate. See: Albassam MA, Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Capen CC, Carlton WW, Sundberg JP, Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press, Washington D.C., pp 425-437 Albassam MA, Wojcinski ZW, Barsoum NJ, Smith, GS (1991) Spontaneous fibro-osseous proliferative lesions in the sternums and femurs of B6C3F1 mice. Vet Path 28: 381-388 synonym: "fibrous dysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "fibrous osteodystrophy" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteodysplasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteodystrophy" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "osteofibrosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:589 ! dysplasia [Term] id: MPATH:591 name: fatty infiltration def: "Accumulation of mature adipose tissue in a healing wound site or otherwise in response to tissue damage." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:607 ! healing and repair structure [Term] id: MPATH:592 name: osteopetrosis def: "Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone and mineralized cartilage, especially in long bones, leading to obliteration of marrow spaces and to anemia with myeloid metaplasia and hepatosplenomegaly beginning in infancy, to bone fragility, and to progressive deafness and blindness." [Tolar J; Teitelbaum SL; Orchard PJ (2004) Osteopetrosis N Engl J Med. 351:2839-49] synonym: "Albers-Schoenberg disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "marble bone disease" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "marble bones" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:589 ! dysplasia [Term] id: MPATH:593 name: Myeloma def: "Plasma cell myeloma - (ICD-O 9732/3)." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:594 name: cystic hyperplasia def: "Formation of multiple retention cysts from obstruction of ducts or glands by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:135 ! epithelial and stromal hyperplasia [Term] id: MPATH:595 name: extramedullary hemopoiesis def: "The formation of and development of blood cells outside the red pulp of the spleen. Composed of varying numbers of megakaryocytes as well as myeloid and erythroid precursors." [:Ward; J.M.; Mann; P.C.; Mrishima; H.; and Frith; C.H. Thymus; Spleen and Lymph nodes. Ch 13. p342. In Maronpot; R. Pathology of the Mouse. (1999) Cache River Press. Vienna IL] is_a: MPATH:515 ! Non-Lymphoid neoplasias [Term] id: MPATH:596 name: pathological process def: "The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion" [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:0 ! pathology_ontology [Term] id: MPATH:597 name: cell and tissue damage process def: "Processes occurring during cell and tissue damage of either intrinsic or extrinsic etiology." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:598 name: degenerative entity def: "degenerative entity" [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:599 name: developmental process abnormalities def: "developmental process abnormalities" [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:6 name: caseous necrosis def: "Necrosis characteristic of some inflammatory conditions which represents necrosis with loss of structure of the various cellular and tissue elements; affected tissue manifests a friable, crumbly consistency." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:60 name: communication defect def: "Failure of two cavities, voids or lumens to connect." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:600 name: branching defect def: "Aberrant branch or branching pattern of a branched structure such as the bronchus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:601 name: developmental hypertrophy def: "Increase of the size or cellularity of an organ or tissue as a consequence of loss of normal regulation of cell proliferation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:602 name: hyperplastic tissue def: "An organ or a tissue with an abnormal increase in the number of cells as a consequence of cell proliferation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:126 ! growth and differentiation defect [Term] id: MPATH:603 name: pathological anatomical entity def: "Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:0 ! pathology_ontology [Term] id: MPATH:604 name: defective growth and differentiation process def: "Abnormal increase or decrease in the rate of cell growth or cell division including associated changes in the differentiation state of adult cells." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Excludes abnormalities of developmental proliferation and differentiation. is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:605 name: metaplastic tissue def: "A tissue or group of cells in which there has been abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Nearly exclusively used in an adult context. is_a: MPATH:126 ! growth and differentiation defect [Term] id: MPATH:606 name: neoplastic process def: "The pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a neoplasm." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Literally: new growth of cells. Neoplasia refers to the unscheduled or abnormal growth of cells, potentially resulting in a benign or malignant tumour. Neoplasms include potentially cancerous lesions as well as full malignancies but not all neoplasms are potentially cancerous. is_a: MPATH:596 ! pathological process [Term] id: MPATH:607 name: healing and repair structure def: "Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:603 ! pathological anatomical entity [Term] id: MPATH:608 name: abscess def: "A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Generally occur following damage or infection with subsequent inflammatory response. Result of the body`s defensive reaction to foreign material. is_a: MPATH:607 ! healing and repair structure [Term] id: MPATH:609 name: empyema def: "Pus in a body cavity; when used without qualification, refers specifically to pyothorax." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:607 ! healing and repair structure [Term] id: MPATH:61 name: curvature defect def: "Inappropriate curvature of a structure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:610 name: angiectasia def: "Dilatation of a blood vessel or valve." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:474 ! ectasia [Term] id: MPATH:611 name: glossitis def: "Acute or chronic inflammation of the tongue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:612 name: Abscess def: "A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Alternately a cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue. Obsoleted by MPATH 608 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:613 name: pigmentation def: "Coloration, either normal or pathologic, of the skin or tissues resulting from a deposit of pigment." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:614 name: concretion def: "Solid material formed by aggregation of discrete units or particles." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:615 name: cardiomyopathy def: "A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper." [:NCI Thesaurus / A7567983] comment: Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. is_a: MPATH:25 ! tissue specific degenerative process [Term] id: MPATH:616 name: hyperostosis def: "Hypertrophy of bone characterised by an abnormal increase in non-neoplastic skeletal bone mass. These may be proliferative or non-proliferative lesions." [Long; P.H.; and Leininger; J.R ( 1999) Bones Joints and synovia; p663. in: Pathology of the Mouse. Ed Maronpot; R. Cache River Press] synonym: "osteosclerosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:159 ! hypertrophy [Term] id: MPATH:617 name: focus of cellular alteration def: "Focal lesions of hepatocytes characterised primarily by altered cytoplasmic tinctorial properties. Classified as basophilic, eosinophilic, clear cell or mixed type." [:Mohr] comment: More recently amphophilic cell foci, diffusely basophilic cell foci and vacuolated cell foci have been described. synonym: "Areas of cellular alteration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Enzyme altered focus" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Focus of altered hepatocytes (fah)" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Hyperplastic focus" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Phenotypically altered focus" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Preneoplastic focus" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:556 ! potentially cancerous lesions [Term] id: MPATH:618 name: myeloid hyperplasia def: "Hyperplasia of myeloid lineage, usually in the spleen." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Myeloid hyperplasia ia a common diagnosis in mouse spleen. In the normal mouse spleen, a low degree of production of myeloid cells occurs (neutrophils, erythroid cells and megakaryocytes). Commonly in aging mice, due to tumors and inflammatory lesions, the mouse myeloid system in bone marrow and spleen react and become hyperplastic. In the spleen it is diagnosed as "myeloid hyperplasia" (MH), in the past it was often extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is still used by some but it is normal to a low degree in normal mouse spleen. is_a: MPATH:515 ! Non-Lymphoid neoplasias [Term] id: MPATH:619 name: truncoconal septal defect def: "Septal defect lying between the aorta and pulmonary trunks caused by failure of the spiral septum to separate the truncus arteriosus." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:93 ! cardiac septation defect [Term] id: MPATH:62 name: cyst def: "Formation of an epithelium bounded cavity not associated with neoplasia." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:620 name: inter-atrial septal defect def: "Incomplete closure of the inter-atrial septum due to failure of the primary or secondary septum." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:93 ! cardiac septation defect [Term] id: MPATH:621 name: inter-ventricular septal defect def: "Failure of the inter-ventricular septum to completely close between the left and right ventricles." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:93 ! cardiac septation defect [Term] id: MPATH:622 name: steatosis def: "Abnormal retention of lipids within a cell. Physically apparent as lipid within liposomes of parenchymal cells." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Most commonly associated with degenerative change in the liver. synonym: "adipose degeneration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "fatty change" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "fatty degeneration" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:623 name: synechia def: "An adhesion, usually between the iris and the cornea or the lens capsule." [Millodot; Michel and Daniel Laby. Dictionary of Ophthalmology. London: Butterworth Heinemann; 2002] comment: May also be seen in the uterus ( in humans Asherman`s syndrome) is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:624 name: involution def: "Turning in of the edges of a structure." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Not return of an enlarged organ to its normal size is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:625 name: avulsion def: "Tearing away or separation of two structures or parts." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:626 name: prolapse def: "To sink down, said of an organ or other part. A sinking of an organ or other part, especially its appearance at a natural or artificial orifice." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:627 name: pyogranulomatous inflammation def: "An inflammatory process in which there is infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into a more chronic area of inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and possibly plasma cells." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:215 ! granulomatous inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:628 name: pyogenic granuloma def: "A small rounded mass of inflamed, highly vascular granulation tissue on the skin, frequently having an ulcerated surface. More likely a true neoplasm rather than a reactive lesion." [Mills; S.E.; Cooper; P.H. & Fechner; R.E. (1980). Lobular capillary hemangioma: the underlying lesion of pyogenic granuloma. A study of 73 cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes. Am J Surg Pathol; 4; 470-9.] synonym: "lobular capillary hemangioma" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:240 ! hemangioma [Term] id: MPATH:629 name: cavernous hemangioma def: "Deep cutaneous hemangioma with large dilated vascular spaces that manifests spontaneous involution." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; William] is_a: MPATH:240 ! hemangioma [Term] id: MPATH:63 name: depletion def: "The removal of accumulated fluids or solids." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:630 name: karyomegaly def: "Abnormally increased nuclear size." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:460 ! nuclear defect [Term] id: MPATH:631 name: hypertrophic tissue def: "Tissue or cells undergoing hypertrophy, MPATH: 159." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:126 ! growth and differentiation defect [Term] id: MPATH:632 name: Hepatocytomegaly def: "Increase in size of hepatocytes characterised by organelle hyperplasia and enlarged cellular volume." [:Ward; J.M.; Anver; M.R.; Haines; D.C. & Benveniste; R.E. (1994). Chronic active hepatitis in mice caused by Helicobacter hepaticus. Am J Pathol; 145; 959-68.] comment: Hepatocytomegaly is an enlargement of the hepatocytes and is generally classified into three types: hepatocellular hypertrophy, megalocytosis, and hepatocellular vacuolation. Hepatocellular hypertrophy is an enlargement of cellular diameter without accompanying nuclear changes, leading to a net gain in the dry mass of the liver. Megalocytosis is characterized by enlargement of both the cell and the nucleus, and hepatocellular vacuolation is characterized by vacuolation, or formation of pockets of fluid within the hepatocytes. is_a: MPATH:631 ! hypertrophic tissue [Term] id: MPATH:633 name: cholelithiasis def: "Presence of concretions in the gallbladder or bile ducts." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:614 ! concretion [Term] id: MPATH:634 name: furunculosis def: "Focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, enclosing a central slough or `core`." [:Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary; 3 ed. (2007) Elsevier] synonym: "Boil" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:635 name: hydronephrosis def: "Swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any of part of the urinary tract." [:Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary; 3 ed. 2007 Elsevier;] is_a: MPATH:33 ! intracellular and extracellular accumulation [Term] id: MPATH:636 name: steatitis def: "Inflammation of fatty tissue." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:194 ! immune mediated disease [Term] id: MPATH:637 name: bursal cyst def: "A retention cyst, resulting from an obstruction to the duct of a gland, within a bursa." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:62 ! cyst [Term] id: MPATH:638 name: cellulitis def: "An acute, diffuse, spreading, edematous, suppurative inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and sometimes muscle, which may be associated with abscess formation." [http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?action=Search+OMD&query=cellulitis] comment: It is usually caused by infection of an operative or traumatic wound, burn or other cutaneous lesion by various bacteria, but group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common aetiological agents. is_a: MPATH:212 ! inflammation [Term] id: MPATH:64 name: developmental dysplasia def: "Abnormal development (of organs or tissues) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth." [:Pathbase Curation] comment: The word dysplasia as commonly used refers to a precursor state to neoplasia. This is not the context used for this MPATH term. is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:65 name: developmental hypoplasia def: "Underdevelopment of an organ due to a decrease in the number of cells through failure to proliferate leading to lack of development." [:Pathbase Curation] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:66 name: dilatation def: "Increase in the diameter of an orifice or tubular structure beyond its normal dimensions." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:67 name: displacement and deformity def: "Abnormal location, orientation or non-specified deformity of a structure or tissue not strictly a heterotopia." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:68 name: diverticulum def: "A blind ended outpouching through the wall of a tubular organ or bounded cavity." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:69 name: ectopia def: "ectopia" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: obsolete - Subsumed into heterotopia MPATH:76 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:7 name: coagulation necrosis def: "A type of necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are reduced to homogeneous eosinophilic mass without nuclear staining, as a result of the protein coagulation.eg. Infarct. Tissue architecture persists." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:70 name: fistula def: "An abnormal passage between two internal organs or leading from a cavity to the body surface." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:71 name: fusion defect def: "Failure of two or more structures ( not voids or lumens) to join together." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:72 name: growth acceleration def: "Increase in the rate of growth of an organism, organ or tissue as a consequence of increased proliferation, reduced cell death, or a combination. Not due to an increase in cell size; see Hypertrophy MPATH: 159." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:73 name: growth arrest def: "The cessation of fetal or embryonic growth beyond a particular stage." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:74 name: hamartoma def: "A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm which results from faulty development of an organ; composed of an abnormal mixture of tissue elements, or an abnormal proportion of a single element. Growth and location are usually normal for that tissue cf. Heterotopia/Choristoma MPATH:76/MPATH:477." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:75 name: hernia def: "Protrusion of a loop or wall of an organ through an abnormal opening." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:76 name: heterotopia def: "Congenital appearance of a body part or tissue or cell type in a region where it is not normally found ( topographical anomaly)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Ectopia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:77 name: homoeotic change def: "Stricto sensu: replacement of one body part or tissue by an homologous structure or tissue, but commonly used incorrectly to describe non-homologous transformations better described as heterotopias or ectopias." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:78 name: incomplete closure def: "Incomplete closure of a void or lumen due to failure of growth or fusion of bounding walls." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:79 name: malposition def: "Abnormal position or orientation of a structure insufficient to be called a heterotopia." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Misplacement" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:76 ! heterotopia [Term] id: MPATH:8 name: fat necrosis def: "Dead and dying adipose tissue, characterized by the formation of small gray or white foci of soapy ( saponified ) cellular debris." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:80 name: obstruction and stenosis def: "Occlusion ( partial or complete) of a lumen or space, internally by a space occupying mass or, in the case of stenosis, by local reduction in the diameter of a vessel, duct or the intestine." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:81 name: perforation def: "Presence of a hole/channel through a normally imperforate structure often a membrane or septum." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:82 name: persistent embryonic structure def: "Persistence of an embryonic structure or tissue into the post-natal period in its normal location; (Chronological/temporal anomaly)." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Embryonic rest." RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:83 name: septation defect def: "Any defect in the formation of septae not describable as perforation." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:84 name: supernumerary structure def: "Additional structure whether normally located or not." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:85 name: transdifferentiation def: "Alteration in the differentiation of a cell or tissue already showing a different, recognisable, differentiated state." [:Pathbase Pathology Committee] comment: This term is generally used in the context of embryonic cells or stem cells. is_a: MPATH:599 ! developmental process abnormalities [Term] id: MPATH:86 name: organ specific developmental defect def: "Developmental defect characteristic of a particular organ or organ system which may be a recognised syndrome or a complex defect showing multiple manifestations." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:55 ! developmental and structural abnormality [Term] id: MPATH:87 name: germ cell defect def: "Abnormal morphology, differentiation or location of primordial germ cells or their descendents. Not neoplastic." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:86 ! organ specific developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:88 name: nephroblastomatosis def: "nephroblastomatosis" [:Pathbase Curation] comment: Obsolete - subsumed into MPATH:82 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: MPATH:89 name: cardiovascular developmental defect def: "Abnormal development of the heart or vascular tissue resulting in morphological abnormality." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:86 ! organ specific developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:9 name: fibrinoid necrosis def: "Necrosis in which the necrotic tissue shows deeply eosinophilic staining similar to that of fibrin." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] comment: Frequently occurs in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue in diseases such as disseminated Lupus erythrematosis and polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and rheumatic fever. is_a: MPATH:4 ! necrosis [Term] id: MPATH:90 name: aneurysm def: "Localised dilation of an artery or heart chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the artery or chamber." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Term] id: MPATH:91 name: arteriovenous anastomosis def: "Formation of vessels between arterioles and venules bypassing capillary circulation." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Anastomosis arteriolovenularis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "anastomosis arteriovenosa" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "arteriolovenular anastomosis" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:89 ! cardiovascular developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:92 name: cardiac defect def: "Structural, organisational or growth related defects in cardiac development." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "heart abnormalities" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:89 ! cardiovascular developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:93 name: cardiac septation defect def: "Abnormality in the wall between the atria or ventricles, or defects in the truncoconal septum, of the heart; usually incomplete closure." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:92 ! cardiac defect [Term] id: MPATH:94 name: valve defect def: "Malformation of the membranous folds of the heart that prevent reflux of fluid." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:92 ! cardiac defect [Term] id: MPATH:95 name: hypertrophic ventricle def: "Thickening of the wall of one or both of the heart ventricles." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:92 ! cardiac defect [Term] id: MPATH:96 name: hypoplastic ventricle def: "Reduction in cell number of one or both of the two lower chambers of the heart." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:92 ! cardiac defect [Term] id: MPATH:97 name: dissecting aneurysm def: "Follows the presence of a hematoma in the wall of an artery Splitting of the media occurs, blood enters the split through a tear in the intima." [:Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins] is_a: MPATH:90 ! aneurysm [Term] id: MPATH:98 name: lymphangiectasis def: "A stretching and widening of the lymphatic vessels." [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "Lymphectasia" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] synonym: "telangiectasia lymphatica" RELATED [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:474 ! ectasia is_a: MPATH:89 ! cardiovascular developmental defect [Term] id: MPATH:99 name: varices def: "An enlarged and often tortuous vein." [:Pathbase Curation] is_a: MPATH:56 ! developmental and adult structural defect [Typedef] id: is_a name: is a [Typedef] id: part_of name: part of is_transitive: true