Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology (NDDRFO) is a disease-specific ontology that characterizes the knowledge field of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology (NDDRFO)
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with prevention or mitigation of a health-related condition considered important to prevent. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065840
A prion disease that is characterized by insomnia, hallucinations, dementia and death, located_in the brain.
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
Fatal Familial Insomnia
A tauopathy that is characterized by an abundance of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons, astrocytes and cell processes around blood vessels and that is associated with repetitive head impacts or exposure to blast waves.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
A frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in CHMP2B on 3p11.2.
ALS17
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 17 (FORMERLY)
CHMP2B-RELATED
CHMP2B-related frontotemporal dementia
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA
FTD3
FTDALS7
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 17
chromosome 3-linked frontotemporal dementia
frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic, progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. Susceptibility to this disease is influenced by heterozygous mutation in TRPM7 on 15q21.2.
ALS-PDC
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia of Guam syndrome
Guam disease
Lytico-Bodig disease
PDALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex of Guam
parkinsonism-dementia-ALS complex
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1
CJD
Creutzfeldt Jacob syndrome
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
Subacute spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible virus dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
A dementia that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities that has_material_basis_in accumulation of alpha-synuclein, SCNA, (protein). The causal mutation might be in SCNA or SCNB or some other gene(s) but the end result is always accumulation of SCNA in Lewy bodies.
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Diffuse Lewy body disease
Lewy body disease
Senile dementia of the Lewy body type
Lewy body dementia
A motor neuron disease that is a degenerative neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.
spinal muscular atrophy
A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities.
Huntington disease
Huntington's chorea
Huntington's disease
A central nervous system disease that results in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons.
degenerative disease
Neurodegenerative Disease
A neurodegenerative disease that is located_in the motor neurons.
Motor Neuron Disease
A motor neuron disease that is characterized by muscle spasticity, rapidly progressive weakness due to muscle atrophy, difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
ALS
Lou Gehrig's disease
motor neuron disease, bulbar
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Shy-Drager syndrome
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS].
Multiple System Atrophy
A brain disease that is characterized by brain damage resulting from the abnormal folding, clumping and accumulation of cellular proteins in the brain induced by prion proteins.
Prion disease pathway
Prion protein disease
Spongiform Encephalopathy
prion induced disorder
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Prion Disease
A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in the pathological aggregation of tau protein in so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the human brain.
Tauopathy
A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language.
Wilhemsen-Lynch disease
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia
pallidopontonigral degeneration
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
Frontotemporal Dementia
A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.
Parkinson's disease
paralysis agitans
Parkinson disease
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 7
ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 8
ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8
colchicin sensitivity|ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1
multidrug resistance protein 1|P-glycoprotein
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1
CD molecules|ATP binding cassette subfamily B
angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1
a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10
ADAM metallopeptidase domain containing|CD molecules
alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide
alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide
aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)
Aldehyde dehydrogenases|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1
aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1
Ankyrin repeat domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|ZU5 domain containing
ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1
apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)
Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset)
Alzheimer disease|amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein
ash1 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)
ASH1 like histone lysine methyltransferase
PHD finger proteins|Histone lysine methyltransferases|Bromodomain containing|SET domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
Fibronectin type III domain containing|Small nucleolar RNA protein coding host genes
ATPase phospholipid transporting 10B (putative)
chromosome 7 open reading frame 32|ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit E isoform 2-like (rat)|ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit e2
ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide (Wilson disease)|ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide
Wilson disease|copper pump 2|copper-transporting ATPase 2
ATPase, Class I, type 8B, member 1|ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 1|ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1
ATPase, Class I, type 8B, member 4|ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 4
ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B4 (putative)
ATPase phospholipid transporting 9B (putative)
spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (olivopontocerebellar ataxia 1, autosomal dominant, ataxin 1)
spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (olivopontocerebellar ataxia 2, autosomal dominant, ataxin 2)
Machado-Joseph disease (spinocerebellar ataxia 3, olivopontocerebellar ataxia 3, autosomal dominant, ataxin 3)
cationic antimicrobial protein 37|heparin-binding protein|neutrophil azurocidin
Granule associated serine proteases of immune defence
Includes any product that can be described/observed as a fresh commercial variety of Acai berries, grown from Euterpe oleracea, to be supplied fresh. LanguaL curation note: Index geographical origin in facet R. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401427
extracts of the acai berry contain nutraceutical components with anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant capabilities and may therefore provide a beneficial dietary component that limits the pathological deficits evidenced in AD.
An anatomic abnormality that is appears later in life. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C36287
Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Action tremor is any tremor occuring on voluntary contraction of muscle.
A category of dystonia in which the symptoms begin in adulthood, typically after the age of 30.
Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C39774
How long something has existed; elapsed time since birth. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25150]
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to air pollution. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECTO_8000036]
Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
An inability to sit still, typically as an aspect of AGITATION or ANXIETY. In people with Parkinson’s disease, akathisia is relatively rare and when it does occur is often an adverse reaction to a medication used to treat the disease.
Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2190
A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimers dementia
Alzheimer disease
This is any condition in which the main influencing factor is an amino acid, any naturally occurring or synthetic organic compound containing an amino group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain. An amino acid may be administered as a nutritional supplement or as a drug. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000119
Analgesics: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000700 anti-inflammatory drug: A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
Anhedonia is the inability to experience physical or social pleasure.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000821
Substances naturally produced by microorganisms or their derivatives that selectively target microorganisms not humans. Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms by targeting components of the microbial cell absent from human cells, including bacterial cell walls, cell membrane, and 30S or 50S ribosomal subunits. These substances are used in the treatment of bacterial and other microbial infections. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C258
Any agent that binds to and blocks nicotinic and/or muscarinic receptors, thereby preventing the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) at these receptors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66880
Any substance used to reduce hyperglycemia or treat disorders associated with diabetes. Based on their mechanism of action, this class of agents can be classified to the following groups: directly acting insulomimetics, which activates insulin receptors; indirectly acting insulinomimetics, which increase insulin release such as sulfonylureas or which potentiate the effect of insulin such as metformin; those act directly on the metabolism of glucose such as inhibitors of glucosidases and inhibitors of aldose reductase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C29711
Any substance used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Antihypertensive agents include diuretics, alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, ganglionic blockers, and vasodilator agents. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C270
Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
A lack of motivation, interest, and energy. Apathy is an early and progressive symptom of DEMENTIA in Parkinson's disease.
Physical therapy administered while the body is immersed in an aquatic environment. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000088543
Classified as bronchodilators (beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, xanthines, muscarinic-receptor antagonists) and anti-inflammatory agents (glucocorticoids, cromolyn), natural or synthetic Anti-asthmatic Agents relieve asthma (a recurrent airway obstruction) in multiple ways and at various sites, by reducing bronchial spasm, dyspnea, allergic reaction, local inflammation, and pain. Other agents, such as anti-histamine and antibiotics, may also be used in asthma. (NCI04) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C29712
An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001290
A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2889
Changes to body functions regulated by the autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM that are the result of injury or disease. As Parkinson’s disease progresses, the NEUROTRANSMITTER imbalances affect other organ systems in addition to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and affect motor movement processes.
Dystonia that affects the 'midline' of the body—chest, abdominal, and back muscles
Motor impairment in ALS involving trunk and core muscles may produce fatigue, postural instability, and contribute to the risk of falls. Axial UMN dysfunction may contribute to cramping, stiffness, and imbalance. LMN weakness affecting the trunk and spine may produce difficulty holding up the head or maintaining an erect posture and may lead to an exaggerated lumbar lordosis with an abdominal protuberance. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Reduced strength of the axial musculature (i.e., of the muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003327
glucuronosyltransferase S|galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 2
beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme|beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1
memapsin 1|theta-secretase|aspartyl protease 1|56 kDa aspartic-like protease|Down region aspartic protease
cholinesterase 1|cholinesterase (serum) 2
amphiphysin II|amphiphysin 2|Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1
Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes E2|Baculoviral IAP repeat containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992
BMS1-like, ribosome assembly protein (yeast)|BMS1 homolog, ribosome assembly protein (yeast)|BMS1, ribosome biogenesis factor
The meat of domestic cattle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C71932
> 1 time/week: OR(95%CI): 1.9(1.1, 3.5) Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD
A carbonated alcoholic beverage made through the fermentation of sugars derived from malted grains; this beverage is usually flavored with hops but other herbs or fruit may be used to enhance its flavor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66824
Beer, >=4 drinks/month: RR(95%CI): 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) Beer, 1-3 drinks/month: RR(95%CI): 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) Compared with those who consumed beer less than once per month, the relative rate (95% confidence interval) was 0.7 (0.5-0.9) for one to three drinks of beer per month, and 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) for one or more drinks of beer per week.
Beer, Less than 13g/day(1 drink/day): OR(95%CI): 1.00 (0.88, 1.12) Low to moderate beer consumption with lower PD risk and greater liquor consumption with higher risk. These findings and potential underlying mechanisms warrant further investigations.
The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16326
A liquid that is suitable for human consumption. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C85058
Factors about biochemistry. http://www.semanticweb.org/admin/ontologies/2022/7/MIO:00021
Endogenously synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.
Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001697
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle associated with abnormal prion proteins in the brain. Affected animals develop excitability and salivation followed by ATAXIA. This disorder has been associated with consumption of SCRAPIE infected ruminant derived protein. This condition may be transmitted to humans, where it is referred to as variant or new variant CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME. (Vet Rec 1998 Jul 25;143(41):101-5) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016643
Dystonia in one arm and trunk or both arms.
Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement and is the most characteristic clinical feature of PD.
Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
BRADYPHRENIA is a slowness of the thought process.
Bulbar motor neuron dysfunction from impairment of cranial nerves and their associated central pathways can result in both weakness and functional impairment in speaking, swallowing, and controlling secretions. Eye movements controlled by motor neurons residing in the nuclei of the oculomotor (cranial nerve [CN] III), trochlear (CN IV), and abducens (CN VI) nerves are spared until very late in the disease course. Patients who choose long-term mechanical ventilation have a longer clinical course that can include progressive difficulty with ocular motility. This may culminate in the locked-in state, a clinical condition characterized by the inability to move any voluntary muscle. Such patients may be alert and awake but completely unable to speak or communicate with visual communication-assistive devices. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7
DENN domain containing|SWC tripartite complex
calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit
calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H
Calcium voltage-gated channel alpha1 subunits
family with sequence similarity 26, member C
family with sequence similarity 26, member B|calcium homeostasis modulator 2
calcium homeostasis modulator family member 2
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease|caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je|monocyte chemoattractant protein-1|monocyte chemotactic and activating factor|monocyte secretory protein JE|small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 2
small inducible cytokine A2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je)|chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
CD163 antigen-like 1|CD163 molecule-like 1
Scavenger receptors|Scavenger receptor cysteine rich domain containing
CD molecules|V-set domain containing|Sialic acid binding Ig like lectins
CD36 antigen (collagen type I receptor, thrombospondin receptor)|CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor)
scavenger receptor class B member 3|Platelet glycoprotein 4|fatty acid translocase
Blood group antigens|CD molecules|Scavenger receptors
CD4 antigen (p55)|T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4
CD molecules|V-set domain containing|C2-set domain containing
microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive 3
CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2
5-azacytidine induced 1|centrosomal protein 131kDa
MIX17 homolog B|mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1
coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing proteins
chitinase 3-like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein-39)
Rho GTPase activating proteins|SH2 domain containing
acetylcholine receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)
cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4|cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)|cholinergic receptor, nicotinic alpha 4
cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit
Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits
C-type lectin like 1, pseudogene|C-type lectin-like 1
clusterin (complement lysis inhibitor, SP-40,40, sulfated glycoprotein 2, testosterone-repressed prostate message 2, apolipoprotein J)
complement lysis inhibitor|sulfated glycoprotein 2|testosterone-repressed prostate message 2|apolipoprotein J
Complement system regulators and receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
glutamic acid-rich protein|cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1
cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 1
MicroRNA protein coding host genes|7BS small molecule methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
coenzyme Q2 homolog, prenyltransferase (yeast)
COX11 (yeast) homolog, cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein|cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog 11 (yeast)|COX11, cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone
cytochrome c oxidase subunit 11|cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11
cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX11
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors
Mitochondrial complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase subunits|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)
complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1, including Knops blood group system|complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)|complement component 3b/4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)
complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)
Blood group antigens|CD molecules|Sushi domain containing|Complement system regulators and receptors
cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3
cystatin C (amyloid angiopathy and cerebral hemorrhage)
catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1 (102kD)
cathepsin D (lysosomal aspartyl protease)
chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1|chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1
stromal cell-derived factor 1|chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
cytochrome P450, subfamily XVII (steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase), adrenal hyperplasia|cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1
cytochrome P450, subfamily XIX (aromatization of androgens)|cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
Cytochrome P450 family 19|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
cytochrome P450, subfamily IIB (phenobarbital-inducible), polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B|cytochrome P450, subfamily IIB (phenobarbital-inducible)|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6
cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6
cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 7 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 8 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, subfamily IID (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolizing), polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, subfamily II (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolising), polypeptide 7 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, subfamily IID (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolising), polypeptide 8 pseudogene 2
cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 (gene/pseudogene)
cytochrome P450, subfamily IIJ (arachidonic acid epoxygenase) polypeptide 2|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2
cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member 2
cytochrome P450, subfamily 46 (cholesterol 24-hydroxylase)|cytochrome P450, family 46, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
cytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1
Bloch, F., Houeto, J. L., du Montcel, S. T., Bonneville, F., Etchepare, F., Welter, M. L., ... & Agid, Y. (2006). Parkinson’s disease with camptocormia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 77(11), 1223-1228.
Camptocormia is defined as an abnormal flexion of the trunk that appears when standing or walking and disappears in the supine position. The origin of the disorder is unknown, but it is usually attributed either to a primary or a secondary paravertebral muscle myopathy or a motor neurone disorder. Camptocormia is also observed in a minority of patients with parkinsonism.
Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000172
The smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C12508
The components of the cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34070
Chromosomal, Gene, or Protein Abnormality
Cytogenetic or Molecular Genetic Abnormality
A molecular or cytogenetic abnormality which occurs in either human disease states or disease models. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3910
Generalized dystonia affects most or all of the body.
This is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. This includes “stroke”, which includes the following entities - . Intracerebral haemorrhage; Subarachnoid haemorrhage; cerebral ischemic stroke, and Stroke not known if ischaemic or haemorrhagic. [url:http://id.who.int/icd/entity/843843448]
An inherited degenerative disorder involving the peripheral nerves. It is caused by mutations in the genes that are responsible for the production of proteins necessary for the function and structure of the peripheral nerves. It is characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness in the feet, legs, hands, and arms and loss of sensation in the limbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C75467
A whole chicken. A chicken which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411457
>= 4 servings/week: Mortality(RR(95%CI)): 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) The strongest finding was an inverse association between chicken consumption and risk of ALS. [url: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18300717]
Early-onset generalized dystonia is characterized by the twisting of the limbs, specifically the foot and leg or hand and arm. The spasms may spread to involve twisting contractions of other parts of the body.
A monosymptomatic, predominant postural and action tremor that is usually slowly progressive over time.
A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE unless it is decaffeinated. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003069
There is a well-established link between ALS and behavioral and cognitive dysfunction that may precede or follow the onset of motor dysfunction. Common behavioral changes include: ●Apathy ●Loss of empathy ●Changes in eating behaviors ●Disinhibition ●Perseveration or compulsive behaviors The pattern of cognitive impairment includes problems with executive function, language, grammar, and verbal fluency with relative sparing of memory and visuospatial function. While most patients with ALS do not have overt dementia, some degree of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction is present in approximately one-third to one-half of patients and becomes increasingly common with advancing disease. In a cross-sectional study of 161 patients with ALS, the rate of ALS-specific cognitive impairment ranged from 18 percent among patients with mild or early features to 39 percent among those with advanced disease (eg, nutritional or respiratory failure). Behavioral impairment was present in 18 percent of patients with early disease and 65 percent of those with advanced disease. Bulbar dysfunction is an independent predictor of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Approximately 15 percent of patients with ALS meet criteria for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Core features include a combination of disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy, perseveration, hyperorality, and executive dysfunction. Bulbar motor symptoms are common in these patients. Retrospective data suggest that ALS with FTD may be associated with shorter survival than ALS with normal executive and behavioral function. Depression and hopelessness are also common in patients with ALS. In a meta-analysis of 46 studies, the pooled prevalence of depression among patients with ALS was 34 percent but varied by severity and assessment tool used. In a cohort of over 900 patients, the prevalence of moderate depression assessed by patient questionnaire was 33 percent, while prevalence estimates acquired from structured interviews of patients with ALS range from 5 to 15 percent. Nonetheless, these rates are higher than the 9 percent prevalence rate reported for current depression in the general population. The presence of depression does not appear to be associated with a desire to hasten dying in patients with end-stage ALS. However, initial depression has been associated with shorter survival time. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT severe enough to interfere with everyday activities and functions. Dementia includes dysfunctions of memory, logic, reasoning, and analytical thinking.
The coexistence of two or more disease processes. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16457]
Factor, S. A. (2008). Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and clinical management. W. J. Weiner (Ed.). New York: Demos.
An uncontrollable consumption of a larger amount of food than normal in excess of than necessary to alleviate hunger.
Maladaptive shopping behaviors that result in negative consequences.
Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003212
Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2849
Difficulty and delay in bowel movements. Constipation is an early but inconclusive symptom of Parkinson’s that tends to become more severe as the disease progresses.
continual muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive motions.
Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003270
Cranial dystonia is a broad description for dystonia that affects any part of the head.
Impulse control problem with eating or consuming medications.
Soft unripened cheese made of sweet milk and cream http://snomed.info/id/226849005
>1 servings/week: RR(95%CI): 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) Among men, PD risk increased significantly with greater intakes of cream cheese, other cheese, and sour cream, and marginally with skim or low fat milk intake
Dystonia in one leg plus trunk or both legs.
An individual who drinks at least once per week with regularity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C126383
Alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ALS[0.52(0.4, 0.75)], further corroborating the role of lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Any alcoholic beverages: OR(95%CI): 5.00(2.84, 8.81) PD was found to be positively associated with coffee and alcohol consumption.
The risk of FTD was decreased by alcohol consumption (adj. OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.63); risk reduction was significant in current alcohol consumers (adj. OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.52).
The action of riding on a stationary or moving vehicle with wheels that is propelled by the movement of a person's legs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000062
disabled (Drosophila) homolog 1|disabled homolog 1 (Drosophila)|Dab reelin signal transducer 1|Dab, reelin signal transducer, homolog 1 (Drosophila)|DAB1, reelin adaptor protein
Ankyrin repeat domain containing|Death associated protein kinases|ROCO family
dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
immunoglobulin superfamily, DCC subclass, member 1
Fibronectin type III domain containing|I-set domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 1 (S. cerevisiae)
squamous cell carcinoma related oncogene
defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1
regulated in development and DNA damage response 2|similar to Smhs1 protein
chromosome 22 open reading frame 12|DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8|DGCR8, microprocessor complex subunit
2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex component E1
dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxo-glutarate complex, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex)
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E3, 2-oxo-glutarate complex, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex, glycine cleavage system protein L
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex|Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex|Flavoproteins
doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2
dipeptidylpeptidase VI|dipeptidylpeptidase 6|dipeptidyl-peptidase 6|dipeptidyl peptidase 6
Potassium voltage-gated channel regulatory subunits|DASH family
Dopamine receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
Cilia and flagella associated WD repeat domain containing Dynein 2 complex subunits
dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A|dual specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A
dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A
Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase family
Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003611
higher dairy intake: OR(95% CI): 1.7(1.12-2.60) our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997937/] >502 g/day: RR(95%CI): 1.6 (1.0, 2.5) These data suggest that dairy consumption may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, particularly in men. More studies are needed to further examine these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17272289/] >2.9 servings/day: RR(95%CI): 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) Our results suggest that higher intake of dairy products may increase the risk of PD in men. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12447934/]
Rhythmic and patterned body movements which are usually performed to music. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003615
Knie, B., Mitra, M. T., Logishetty, K., & Chaudhuri, K. R. (2011). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson’s disease. CNS drugs, 25(3), 203-212.
Inappropriate and undesirable sleepiness during waking hours and ia a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease, affecting up to 50% of patients.
A false belief that something is real although in fact it is untrue or imagined.
Characteristics of subjects or study populations, which include such information as age, sex, family history of the disease or condition for which they are being treated, and other characteristics relevant to the study in which they are participating. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142508
Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2985]
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004032
The customary allowance of food and drink taken by a person or an animal from day to day, particularly one especially planned to meet specific requirements of the individual, including or excluding certain items of food; a prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes or selected with reference to a particular state of health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15222
Foods and beverages that an individual or group of humans or animals habitually consume. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000095362
The types of food combinations that are commonly eaten by a population. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16045
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004194
disease or disorder of respiratory system
A body system disease that occurs in different organs functioning in respiration and consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system. Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, lung adenoma, lung carcinoma, and tracheal carcinoma. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000684
O’Sullivan, S. S., Evans, A. H., & Lees, A. J. (2009). Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome. CNS drugs, 23(2), 157-170.
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a relatively recently described iatrogenic disturbance that may complicate long-term symptomatic therapy of Parkinson's disease. Patients with DDS develop an addictive pattern of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) use, administering doses in excess of those required to control their motor symptoms.
A single serving of a beverage; any liquid suitable for drinking. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C86036
Difficulties with speech that are the result of BRADYKINESIA involving the muscles of the mouth, throat, and chest.
Dysarthria and dysphagia are the most common bulbar motor neuron symptoms and may be due either to UMN or LMN dysfunction. Dysarthria is frequently the initial bulbar symptom in ALS, but some patients may present with both dysarthria and dysphagia. Dysarthria may result from LMN weakness of the lips, tongue, or palate. The speech is usually slurred and may have a nasal quality. Hoarseness may be present due to associated vocal cord weakness. UMN or spastic dysarthria produces a characteristically strained vocal quality with slow speech. The presence of both UMN and LMN features of dysarthria is a common bulbar finding suggestive of ALS. Dysphagia results from tongue weakness with disruption of the oral phase of swallowing, pharyngeal constrictor weakness with disruption of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, or both. Tongue weakness may lead to pocketing of food between the cheeks and gums. Tongue fasciculations may be seen in more than 50 percent. Pharyngeal weakness often manifests as coughing and choking on food, liquids, or secretions such as saliva or mucus. Aspiration may occur. UMN dysphagia results from slow and discoordinated contraction of the swallowing muscles, which may lead to coughing and choking. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Ceravolo, R., Pagni, C., Tognoni, G., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012). The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of dysexecutive syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in neurology, 3.
A poorly defined nosological entity, which may be caused by various diseases. According to diagnostic criteria proposed by Godefroy et al. (2010), dysexecutive syndrome includes cognitive (e.g., deficits in response inhibition, set-shifting, and information generation) and/or behavioral (e.g., apathy, distractibility, perseverative behavior) alterations.
Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
Abnormal dystonic and choreoathetoid involuntary movements that may occur spontaneously after a sudden voluntary movement, after prolonged physical exertion, or during sleep.
Dyskinesia
A lipoprotein metabolism disorder characterized by decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, or elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and/or triglycerides. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C80385]
Parkinson's Disease. Second Edition. Edited by Manuchair Ebadi and Ronald F . Pfeiffer. CRC Press 2013.
Dysphagia is defined as impaired swallowing, which can occur any where from the mouth to the stomach.
Dystonia is defined as a neurological syndrome characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned and often repetitive muscle contractions of opposing muscles causing twisting movements or abnormal postures.
It is defined as a postural/kinetic tremor usually not seen during complete rest and occuring in an extremity or body part that is affected by dystonia.
EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1|fibrillin-like|EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1|EGF containing fibulin like extracellular matrix protein 1
EGF-like fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1
PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase|pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase|PKR-like ER kinase
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinases
Sterile alpha motif domain containing|EPH receptors
nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1|estrogen receptor alpha|oestrogen receptor alpha|E2 receptor alpha|estradiol receptor
ER beta|estrogen receptor beta|oestrogen receptor beta|nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 2
Armadillo like helical domain containing
The activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16529
An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17953
The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000369
Effects of chronic levodopa administration in the treatment of Parkinson disease indicating deterioration of function.
Health hazards at home, in the work place, or in nature (e.g., infectious agents, irritants, respiratory fibrotic agents, asphyxiants, allergens, metabolic poisons, physical agents, mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens). (Winett et al: Health Psychology and Public Health) [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18244]
Molecules that catalyze a chemical reaction. They are usually proteins, although catalytic RNA and DNA molecules have been identified. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16554
The study of the causes, incidence and distribution of disease in the population and its application for prevention or control. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16556
A tremor syndrome that is classically defined by an often hereditary monosymptomic tremor.
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006
Excessive and even drenching episodes of sweating are common in Parkinson’s, particularly in mid to late stages of the disease, when OFFSTATES begin to occur. Excessive sweating can be a consequence of damage to the autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM as Parkinson’s progresses or a side effect of ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS.
Attacks of abnormal involuntary movements precipitated by prolonged physical exertion.
The act of subjecting someone or something to an influencing experience. E.g. exposure to cigarette smoke. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17941
Yeast, algae, or fungus based dietary supplement. LanguaL curation note: Use for supplements based on plants, yeast, algae, and fungi (index in facet B). If the supplement also contains vitamins or minerals use the appropriate descriptor under * DIETARY SUPPLEMENT, COMBINATION*. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401306
chromosome 10 open reading frame 45|family with sequence similarity 107, member B
heat shock-inducible tumor small protein
family with sequence similarity 107 member B
family with sequence similarity 47, member E
family with sequence similarity 47 member E
heparin-binding growth factor 1|endothelial cell growth factor, alpha|endothelial cell growth factor, beta
Receptor ligands|Fibroblast growth factor family
fusion, derived from t(12;16) malignant liposarcoma|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6|fusion (involved in t(12;16) in malignant liposarcoma)|fused in sarcoma
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein P2|translocated in liposarcoma
Zinc fingers RANBP2-type|RNA binding motif containing|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins|FET protein family
frizzled (Drosophila) homolog 3|frizzled homolog 3 (Drosophila)|frizzled 3, seven transmembrane spanning receptor|frizzled family receptor 3
G protein-coupled receptors, Class F frizzled
fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1 (Drosophila)|fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1
fizzy and cell division cycle 20 related 1
Weakness of the muscles of the upper face may produce incomplete eye closure. Lower facial weakness is more common and may result in a poor lip seal that may contribute to dysarthria or to drooling and sialorrhea, particularly in patients with associated swallowing difficulty. Masseter muscle weakness can cause difficulty chewing; when severe, it may produce an inability to close the mouth. By contrast, weakness of the pterygoids may produce difficulty opening the mouth and moving the jaw from side to side. Severe weakness of both muscle groups may lead to disarticulation of the temporomandibular joint. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Falls are most likely to occur during changes in position— from sitting to standing, from standing to walking, when changing direction during movement, and from walking to sitting.
Fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C906
Quantification of the fat intake of an individual. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0010809
Monobasic, aliphatic acids with varying chain lengths between 6 and 30. Fatty acids are a major constituent in all fats and can be either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are synthesized by the body, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids are not and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI) A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C492
The Latin origin of the word festination means “to hasten,” as a person with this gait disturbance appears to do. A festinating gait consists of short, increasingly rapid steps with a marked forward lean, as though the person is about to break into a run.
Compounds in food which are not digested by the digestive processes in the human stomach or small intestine.; In food, fiber is the part of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains that cannot be digested. The fiber in food may help prevent cancer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C68492
4% figs treated AD Tg mice significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls and restoration of antioxidant status.
Fruits with edible peel from the plant classified under the species Ficus carica L., commonly known as Figs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03541647
A grouping of jawed and jawless vertebrate animals usually having fins and a covering of scales or plates, breathing by means of gills, and living almost entirely in the water. CDISC Definition: Any jawed or jawless organisms in the phylum Chordata including the jawless fish, armored fish, cartilaginous fish, ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish" https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14207
Overall fish consumption: OR(95% CI): 0.27(0.12-0.60) Conversely, there was a suggestion of an inverse association with overall fish consumption. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019087] Once per week fish consumption: RR(95%CI): 0.5(0.2, 1) Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and weekly consumption of fish may reduce the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12873849]
Variation in the severity of dystonia in the course of the day.
Jankovic, J. (2005). Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical manifestations. Movement Disorders, 20(S11), S11-S16.
luctuations in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as wearing-off and on-off effects, and dyskinesias are related to a variety of factors, including duration and dosage of levodopa, age at onset, stress, sleep, food intake, and other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
Focal dystonias are adult-onset forms that affects a specific area of the body.
A group of materials of either plant, animal or artificial origin containing essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62695
Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005503
People with Parkinson’s often drag one foot or sometimes both feet, depending on whether movement dysfunctions are unilateral (primarily affect one side) or bilateral (affect both sides). Foot drag involves both MOTOR and PROPRIOCEPTION dysfunctions.
Foot dystonia is uncontrollable and often painful muscle contractions in the foot which causes a twisting or turning in of the foot.
A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field.This is the American version of the game. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER). http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005538
Freezing is a form of akinesia and is one of the most disabling symptoms of PD and has five subtypes.
Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D057174
A structure consisting of the fertilized and mature ovules ("seeds") and the ovary wall, which may be fleshy (as in the apple) or dry and hard (as in a maple fruit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C71972
> 21 serving/week: OR(95%CI): 0.265 (0.11, 0.65) The intake of fruits and beta-carotene decreases the risk of sporadic ALS in this present study. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23710627]
>= 3 pieces/day: Mortality(HR(95%CI)): 0.39(0.22, 0.67) 2-3 pieces/day: Mortality(HR(95%CI)): 0.60(0.39, 0.91) Exercise, statin, and fruit intake were associated with lower risk for AD mortality. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25408208]
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies (mushrooms and molds). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C14209
cerebroside (3' phosphoadenylylsulfate:galactosylceramide 3') sulfotransferase|galactosylceramide sulfotransferase
Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 17
polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases MicroRNA protein coding host genes
7BS small molecule methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
chromosome 19 open reading frame 16|family with sequence similarity 71, member E2|family with sequence similarity 71 member E2
golgi associated RAB2 interactor family member 5B
Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy 2D|glycyl-tRNA synthetase
glucosylceramidase|glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)|glucosidase, beta, acid|glucosylceramidase beta
Glycoside hydrolase family|Glucosylceramidases
dopa-responsive dystonia|GTP cyclohydrolase I
golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 8B|golgin A8 family, member B
MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Golgin related
golgi phosphoprotein 2|chromosome 9 open reading frame 155
golgi reassembly stacking protein 2, 55 kDa|golgi reassembly stacking protein 2, 55kDa
glycoprotein Ib (platelet), alpha polypeptide
Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Ig-like cell adhesion molecule family
GPI anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1
glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1
G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelin receptor type B-like)
G protein-coupled receptors, Class A orphans
glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A
glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A
Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunits
It is a deviation from the normal pattern of movement in walking.
Gait disturbance
Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005765
The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28421]
Factors about genetic variation, DNA methylation and family history.
This group includes: grains and their milled products obtained from members of the grass family; dough products obtained from grain, such as pasta and breads; breakfast cereals; savoury and sweet products and dishes in which grain products are considered the predominant constituent; substitute flours and other starch products obtained from non-cereal sources. It excludes sweet corn when eaten as a vegetable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400812
Green/yellow vegetables Brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrots, celery, green beans, kale, spinach. [https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Green%2fyellow+vegetables]
The greatest effect on risk for ALS was posed by the combination of a type A behavior pattern and less frequent intakes of green-yellow vegetables (adjusted OR, 11.2; 95% CI, 3.8 to 33.0)
hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 3
hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like|hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif-like
hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif like
hypoxia inducible factor 3 subunit alpha
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins|PAS domain containing
huntingtin interacting protein 1 related
major histocompatibility complex, class I, A
Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5
age-related macular degeneration 1 (senile macular degeneration)
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase|3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (NADPH)
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
RNA binding motif containing|Spliceosomal A complex|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
heat shock 70kD protein 1A|heat shock 70kDa protein 1A
heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A
Receptor ligands|Armadillo like helical domain containing
HUS1 (S. pombe) checkpoint homolog|HUS1 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)
A pattern of repeat behavior requiring little conscious thought. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94571
A sensory perception of an event that is not really occurring. Hallucinations can affect any or all of the five physical senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell). Hallucinations, usually visual, are common in Parkinson’s and can be side effects of ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS, particularly DOPAMINERGIC MEDICATIONS such as LEVODOPA and DOPAMINE AGONIST MEDICATIONS such as BROMOCRIPTINE and ROPINIROLE.
Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010808
The vertical measurement or distance from the base to the top of a subject or participant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C164634
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies
Neuropathies, Hereditary Motor and Sensory
A group of slowly progressive inherited disorders affecting motor and sensory peripheral nerves. Subtypes include HMSNs I-VII. HMSN I and II both refer to CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE. HMSN III refers to hypertrophic neuropathy of infancy. HMSN IV refers to REFSUM DISEASE. HMSN V refers to a condition marked by a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with spastic paraplegia (see SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA, HEREDITARY). HMSN VI refers to HMSN associated with an inherited optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY), and HMSN VII refers to HMSN associated with retinitis pigmentosa. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015417
One of many chemicals made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2315]
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-181c-5p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-185-5p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-20a-5p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-27a-3p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-497-5p.
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-664a-3p
Hypersexuality includes increased libido, increase in erection frequency, and increased sexually demanding behavior.
Blood pressure that is abnormally high. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3117]
Drugs used to induce SLEEP, prevent SLEEPLESSNESS, or treat SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000068776
Attacks of abnormal involuntary movements occuring only during sleep.
Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003). Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron, 39(6), 889-909.
The clinical term for the composite of symptoms that includes reduced facial movements, slowed eye movements, slowed blinking, and reduced facial expression.
Hypomimia
Reduced VOICE volume and strength that develops when Parkinson’s disease affects the muscles that control the vocal cords.
insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit
insulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit
cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor|T-cell growth inhibitory factor
interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35)
natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, 35 kD subunit|cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35|interleukin 12, p35|IL-12, subunit p35|NF cell stimulatory factor chain 1|interleukin-12 alpha chain|IL35 subunit
interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)
natural killer cell stimulatory factor-2|cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40|interleukin 12, p40|natural killer cell stimulatory factor, 40 kD subunit|interleukin-12 beta chain|IL12, subunit p40
Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Interleukins
interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)
preinterleukin 1 alpha|hematopoietin-1|pro-interleukin-1-alpha
IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane protease-like (S. cerevisiae)|IMMP2L intronic transcript 1 (non-protein coding)|IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)
inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2
inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 75kD|inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 75kDa
type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase
SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1
inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kD|inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kDa
SH2 domain containing|Phosphoinositide phosphatases
integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41B)|integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41)
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 93|platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex|Integrin alpha-IIb
CD molecules|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Integrin alpha subunits
antigen CD49D|alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor
integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)
cilia and flagella associated protein 48
inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2|inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2
Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors|Cilia and flagella associated
Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007155
1.Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376. 2.Parashos, S. A., Parashos, S., & Wichman, R. (2012). Navigating Life with Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press.
Trying to move too quickly or engage in unsafe behaviors like climbing and overreaching.
A symptom of failure to communicate with others.
A cognitive symptom of failure to recognize oneself's or family member's identity
Inability to recognize oneself or family
The inability to retain urine or feces. In the person with Parkinson’s, this usually results from the loss of muscle control of the sphincter muscles in the bladder and rectum, typically in later stages of the disease.
The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C128320
A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3137]
Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000103]
Dystonia that is passed on genetically from parent or ancestor to a child.
Intention tremor is present when the amplitude increases during visually guided movements toward a target.
Edible organ meat, including blood and bone marrow. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420218
It is a rare, autosomal dominant hereditary tremor syndrome characterized by attacks of high-frequency tremor of the mentalis muscles or of the chin.
Occurs as a result of muscle contraction against a rigid stationary object.
A Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice; usually served hot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66825
>= 66.0g/day: OR(95%CI): 2.55(0.96, 7.17) Only Japanese sake (rice wine) was significantly associated with PD (adjusted odds ratio of ≥66.0 g ethanol per day: 3.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-11.0, P for trend = 0.001).
potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15
potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15
Potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J
kinesin-like protein KIF17|KIF3-related motor protein
spastic paraplegia 10 (autosomal dominant)
A pet, or companion animal, is an animal kept primarily for a person's company or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive/cute appearances, intelligence, and relatable personalities, but some pets may be taken in on an altruistic basis (such as a stray animal) and accepted by the owner regardless of these characteristics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet
Immobile patients who become excited may be able to make quick movement.
Abrupt onset of episodes of abnormal involuntary movements after a sudden voluntary movement.
An autosomal-dominant disorder with a significant variable expressivity and an apparent male predominance.The paroxysms are triggered by sudden movement and are usually short and can occur hundreds of times each day.
ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like
ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor like
Low density lipoprotein receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
LOC730100 is a ceRNA for miR-760 and promotes FOXA1 expression.
alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor|low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
transforming growth factor-β receptor type V
CD molecules|Low density lipoprotein receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10
low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B
low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant) 8
ROCO family|Armadillo like helical domain containing
TGF-beta1-BP-1|Transforming growth factor beta-1-binding protein 1
latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1
Latent transforming growth factor beta binding proteins
Laryngospasm is a short-lived (usually <30 seconds) reflex closure of the larynx that most often occurs in response to aspiration of food particles or liquids, including saliva. It may occur as a UMN bulbar feature of ALS. The patient typically describes a squeezing feeling in the throat accompanied by impaired inspiration and difficulty speaking; there may be audible stridor. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D020961
A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16795
The consideration of unspecified lifestyle factors as variables in disease incident, transmission, and control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C20201
HR(95% CI): 2.24(1.42-3.53) Risk factors for transition from MCI to AD were being light-moderate alcohol drinker , cerebrovascular disease , hyperlipidemia and diabetes
Dietary Lipid A class of food constituents, also known as fats and oils, that serve as a source of energy and essential fatty acids in animals. The major components of lipids are fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, steroids (cholesterol), and lipoproteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2317
Substances that lower the levels of certain LIPIDS in the BLOOD. They are used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000960
An endotoxin and biologically active component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall that is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist with potential immunostimulatory activity. Upon internalization, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates TLR4 which in turn activates the NFkappaB pathway, in addition to mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways. This leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates an innate immune response against vaccine antigens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C101788
An alcoholic beverage in which the initial fermentation mixture is distilled in order to concentrate the alcohol, generally resulting in a mixture that is at least 35% alcohol by volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66826
More than 26g/day: OR(95%CI): 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) Low to moderate beer consumption with lower PD risk and greater liquor consumption with higher risk.
Marsden, C. D. (1994). Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Clinical neuropharmacology.
Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease.
G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit-interacting factor 1|microtubule-associated protein tau, isoform 4|protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 103|Tau-derived paired helical filament hexapeptide
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits
alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor
melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 proteins|MADS box family
ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 7, late infantile, variant
major facilitator superfamily domain containing 8
mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1
CTAGE family member 5, ER export factor|meningioma expressed antigen 6 (coiled-coil proline-rich)|CTAGE family member 5|melanoma inhibitory activity 2
MIEF1 upstream open reading frame protein|DANGER family member 3A
Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 7-like
mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase
neutral endopeptidase|enkephalinase|neprilysin
MOB1, Mps One Binder kinase activator-like 2B (yeast)|chromosome 9 open reading frame 35
monopolar spindle 1 binding, MOB1, domain containing
myelin associated oligodendrocyte basic protein
membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 4E
Membrane spanning 4-domains|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 6A
chromosome 9 open reading frame 30|Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 3
Myb/SANT DNA binding domain containing 3
NADH dehydrogenase 2|mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2
complex I ND2 subunit|NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2
mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 2
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunits|Mitochondrially encoded protein coding genes
NADH dehydrogenase 5|mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5
complex I ND5 subunit|NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5
mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1
10-formyl-THF synthetase|mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase|monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial
formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain containing 1
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)|methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H)
Non-canonical poly(A) polymerases|Terminal nucleotidyltransferases
ring finger protein 218|mitochondria-anchored protein ligase|growth inhibition and death E3 ligase|mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1
mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
myeloma overexpressed (in a subset of t(11;14) positive multiple myelomas)
myosin, heavy polypeptide 11, smooth muscle
Myosin heavy chains, class XV|FERM domain containing
A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25188
The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby men and women are joined together for the purpose of founding a family unit; the state of being a married couple. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48033
A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03317170
In a medical encounter, the physician generally will interview the patient about his or her current problem, and may perform additional testing. The past medical history (PMH) in contrast records information about the patient's medical, personal and family history that might be relevant to the presenting illness or to provide optimal clinical management. The PMH generally includes (if relevant) other major illnesses, hospitalizations, surgeries, injuries, allergies, gynecologic and obstetric history, family history, personal history including occupational history, alcohol and drug use, etc. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032443]
Procedures concerned with the remedial treatment or prevention of diseases. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013812
Drugs for primary prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
The branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16833
A state of consciousness in which the individual eliminates environmental stimuli from awareness so that the mind can focus on a single thing, producing a state of relaxation and relief from stress. A wide variety of techniques are used to clear the mind of stressful outside interferences. It includes meditation therapy. (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019122
Mental and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms
Clinical evidence of disease resulting from mental and/or behavioral dysfunction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3858
This is any condition in which the main influencing factor is milk, a nutrient fluid containing proteins, fats, lactose, and various vitamins and minerals produced by the mammary gland of a female mammal; especially: cow's milk used as a food by humans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000416
Food BEVERAGES that are used as nutritional substitutes for MILK. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D041941
Patients with ALS may exhibit a number of motor symptoms.
Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Patients with PD may exhibit a number of secondary motor symptoms that may impact on their functioning at home, at work and while driving.
Multifocal dystonia involves two or more unrelated body parts.
CD molecules|Fibronectin type III domain containing|I-set domain containing|Ig-like cell adhesion molecule family
Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 8
poliovirus receptor-related 2 (herpesvirus entry mediator B)
CD molecules|V-set domain containing|C2-set domain containing|Nectins and nectin-like molecules
neurofilament, heavy polypeptide 200kDa|neurofilament heavy polypeptide|neurofilament heavy
NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 1
spastic paraplegia 6 (autosomal dominant)|non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1
Solute carrier family 57, NIPA-like magnesium transporters
caspase recruitment domain family, member 15
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and CARD domain containing 2|NOD-like receptor C2|NLR family, CARD domain containing 2
nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2
NLR family|Caspase recruitment domain containing
nucleolar protein 5A (56kD with KKE/D repeat)|nucleolar protein 5A (56kDa with KKE/D repeat)|NOP56 ribonucleoprotein homolog (yeast)
U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Small nucleolar RNA protein coding host genes
Notch (Drosophila) homolog 2|Notch homolog 2 (Drosophila)|notch 2
DT-diaphorase|quinone reductase|NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase
diaphorase (NADH/NADPH) (cytochrome b-5 reductase)|NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014150
A variety of alterations in mood, initiative, hedonistic tone, and cognitive functioning.
Spontaneous onset of attacks of abnormal involuntary movements.
Although ALS is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, nonmotor features accompany motor dysfunction in up to 50 percent of patients at diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Non-motor symptoms are a common and under appreciated feature of PD. These include autonomic dysfunction, cognitive/neurobehavioral disorders, and sensory and sleep abnormalities.
An autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by paroxysms of hyperkinesias, which can include dystonia, dyskinesia, choreoathetosis, and ballism.
A property indicating that a food component must be taken into the body preformed and in sufficient quantity to meet the body's needs for growth, reproduction and/or maintenance of health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_P358
oxidised low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1
oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1
Scavenger receptors|C-type lectin domain containing
olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily S, member 2
olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily S member 2
olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily B, member 9|olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily B, member 2
olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily B member 2
olfactory receptor, family 52, subfamily E, member 6
olfactory receptor family 52 subfamily E member 6
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009765
Olanow, C. W., Stocchi, F., & Lang, A. (Eds.). (2011). Parkinson's disease: non-motor and non-dopaminergic features. John Wiley & Sons.
obsessive-compulsive stereotyped behavior
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by complaints of persistent or repetitive thoughts (obsessions) or behaviors (compulsions).
The principal activity that a person does to earn money. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25193]
The exposure to potentially harmful agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16929
Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009821
Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world for its edible green seed pods, okra is used in the cuisines of many countries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72033
okra could potentially prevent or halt the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in people carrying a H63D polymorphism, or in elderly persons who are at increased risk of AD and ALS. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26170247/]
Barker, M. R., & Rowe, F. D. (Eds.). (2010). Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press, USA.
Measurable smell loss that adversely impacts quality of life, the flavor and platability of foods and beverages, nutrition and safety.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the eye. Representative examples include conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and retinoblastoma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26767
Oromandibular dystonia is a focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech.
A drop in blood pressure that occurs with a change in position, most commonly from lying down to standing up and sometimes from sitting to standing. Orthostatic HYPOTENSION is a common side effect of many ANTIPARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS, and can be caused by Parkinson’s.
A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterised by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3293
Idiopathic tremor syndromes are classified under this category by the Movement Disorder Society.
purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7
purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide (protein disulfide isomerase; thyroid hormone binding protein p55)|procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide (protein disulfide isomerase-associated 1)|procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide|prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide
protein disulfide isomerase-associated 1|protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 1|collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta
ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase)|poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1
Zinc fingers PARP-type|Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases
ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase)-like 2|poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 2
ortholog of mouse CNR1, KIAA0345-like 10
glucose regulated protein, 58kDa|protein disulfide isomerase-associated 3|protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3
protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3
pelota (Drosophila) homolog|pelota homolog (Drosophila)
pelota mRNA surveillance and ribosome rescue factor
phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Membrane-bound methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
post-GPI attachment to proteins inositol deacylase 1
phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein
Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive) 6|PTEN induced putative kinase 1
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2
phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, calcium-independent)
Ankyrin repeat domain containing|Patatin like phospholipase domain containing|Phospholipases
pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5
synectin-binding guanine exchange factor
pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G5
Pleckstrin homology domain containing|Dbl family Rho GEFs
pleckstrin homology domain containing, family N member 1
pleckstrin homology domain containing N1
Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy 1A (greatly reduced nerve conduction velocity, hereditary motor sensory neuropathy Ia)
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase
Dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate dependent mannosyltransferases
preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma
PRAME nuclear receptor transcriptional regulator
protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit
protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3
Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin|parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin)
Ring finger proteins|RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease|Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome|fatal familial insomnia|p27-30
proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 7|proteasome subunit beta 7
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I
polypyrimidine tract binding protein (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I)
RNA binding motif containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
patched (Drosophila) homolog|patched homolog (Drosophila)|patched homolog 1 (Drosophila)
prostaglandin G/H synthase 2|cyclooxygenase 2
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase family
Minor histocompatibility antigens|FERM domain containing|PTK2 family tyrosine kinases|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T
Fibronectin type III domain containing|Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Protein tyrosine phosphatases receptor type
Duvoisin, R. C., & Sage, J. (2001). Parkinson's disease: A guide for patient and family. Wolters Kluwer Health.
Sensations, usually unpleasant, arising spontaneously in a limb or other part of the body and variously experienced as pins and needles or a feeling of warmth or coldness (thermal paresthesias).
Any kind of tremor presented by most patients with PD.
Parkinsonism and supranuclear gaze palsy
Kompoliti K. & Metman L. V. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders. Academic Press.
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intermittent attacks of hyperkinetic involuntary movements.
Episodic movement disorder in which abnormal movements are only present during attacks.
Dodd, M. L., Klos, K. J., Bower, J. H., Geda, Y. E., Josephs, K. A., & Ahlskog, J. E. (2005). Pathological gambling caused by drugs used to treat Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology, 62(9), 1377.
Pathological gambling is a rare potential complication related to treatment of Parkinson disease (PD).
A berry fruit of a pepper plant (Capsicum) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00003520
Daily (102.1 μg/kg nicotine): RR(95%CI): 0.13 (0.02, 0.73) Dietary nicotine or other constituents of tobacco and peppers may reduce PD risk.
A behavioral symptom of Alzheimer's disease that encompasses getting upset, worried, and angry more easily. Acting depressed or not interested in things or hiding things or believing that other people are hiding things. It also causes to imagining things that aren't there etc.
Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17708
The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010809
aspects regarding the acts of a living organism and its parts in addition to the physical and chemical procedures engaged in these acts. [url:https://psychologydictionary.org/physiological-factors/]
Doherty, K. M., Davagnanam, I., Molloy, S., Silveira-Moriyama, L., & Lees, A. J. (2013). Pisa syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a mobile or fixed deformity?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
Pisa syndrome is defined as >10° lateral flexion in the standing position,1 and it has been suggested that in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD) it is an axial dystonia analogous to that seen as a rare consequence of neuroleptic therapy.
Plant extracts refer to substances obtained from plants (whole or parts) using appropriate solvents or methods through extraction or processing, which can be applied in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and other industries. [ICD-11] [NIH] [WHO]
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2022). "Risk Assessment of Plant-Derived Food Additives".
Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (2020). "Toxicity and Safety Profile of Common Plant Extracts".
National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2021). "Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Antioxidant Therapy". PubMed Central.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). "Guidelines for the Safe Use of Plant-Based Cosmetics".
Injury to the body or interference of normal body functions by a substance that is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34933
A berry fruit of a pomegranate plant (Punica granatum). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00003679
Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with pomegranates may slow the progression of cognitive and behavioral impairments in AD
Position-specific tremor occurs when the hand position used in writing is adopted.
Postural instability due to loss of postural reflexes is generally a manifestation of the late stages of PD and usually occurs after the onset of other clinical features.
Postural tremor is present while voluntarily maintaining a position against gravity.
The edible tuber of Solanum tuberosum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72045
risk of PD is increased in farmers exposed to pesticides on several French crops and livestock.
It describes a case in which the dystonia is the only neurological disorder that the person has. Primary dystonias include some genetic forms (such as DYT1 dystonia in which a gene has been identified) and forms for which a cause is not usually found.
A unique tremor syndrome that has been observed until now only in patients over 40 years old and is characterized by a subjective feeling of unsteadiness during stance but only in severe cases during gait.
Tremor during writing without other manifestations of tremor or other neurological disease is called primary writing tremor.
A processed food is the result of the process of home or industrial food preparation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ONS_0000100
A processed food product consisting of meat which has been subjected to preservation and/or taste altering processes such as grinding, salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, and addition of chemical preservatives. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001010
Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia
A rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gait and balance difficulties and loss of coordination of eye movements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C85028
Less than 12 months of age: OR(95%CI): 15.6(7.3, 34.9) The results indicated that in comparison with these control farms a higher proportion of the BSE farms had also kept pigs or poultry, although the difference was not significant, and that a significantly higher proportion of the BSE farms had fed proprietary concentrates and/or milk replacers to their calves.
[Behavioral or Psychological Factor] A factor that is associated with an individual's thoughts or conduct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C189161
The study of behavior and cognition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17027
A condition of mental dysfunction in which a person loses contact with reality. DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, CONFUSION, DISORIENTATION, and PARANOIA are common in psychosis. In the person with Parkinson’s disease, psychosis can develop as a separate disease entity, as a manifestation of the brain deterioration taking place as a result of the Parkinson’s, or as a side effect of ANTIPARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS.
pulsion is the tendency to step forward when bumped or bumping into an object.
Evans, A. H., Katzenschlager, R., Paviour, D., O'Sullivan, J. D., Appel, S., Lawrence, A. D., & Lees, A. J. (2004). Punding in Parkinson's disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Movement disorders, 19(4), 397-405.
Punding is a term that was coined originally to describe complex prolonged, purposeless, and stereotyped behaviour in chronic amphetamine users.
OR(95%CI): 1.8(1.1, 3) To a lesser extent, on-farm cross-contaminations, i.e. consumption by cattle of feedstuffs initially dedicated to other animals and which could legally contain MBM, have probably also existed, since the presence on farms of poultry fed purchased feed involved an increased risk of BSE.
glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like
A form of traditional Chinese mind/body exercise and meditation that uses slow and precise body movements with controlled breathing and mental focusing to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C93098
RAS-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor
RAS like estrogen regulated growth inhibitor
receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2
receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2
Fernandez, H. H. (2012). Updates in the medical management of Parkinson disease. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 79(1), 28-35.
Random fluctuations between the 'off' state and the 'on' state.
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
The stage in which dreams primarily take place is called rapid eye movement (REM). In people with Parkinson’s, this mechanism becomes dysfunctional and the body acts out dreams, sometimes with great physical energy expressed through kicking, thrashing, swinging of the arms, and other actions that can actually be harmful to the person or to a partner who is sharing the bed.
Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Acquiring information from text. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011932
A protein located on the cell surface, or in the cytoplasm, that binds to a specific signaling factor, such as a hormone, antigen, or neurotransmitter, causing a conformational and functional change in the receptor molecule. The ligand-bound receptor then alters its interaction with target molecules, which leads to changes in cellular physiology through modification of the activity of one or more signal transduction pathways. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18106
The group includes carcass meat of domestic animals (e.g. beef, veal, pork, mutton / lamb, horse, rabbit) and game (e.g. wild pig, boar, venison, whale). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400794
50-g/d increment in unprocessed red meat(unprocessed beef, lamb, and pork) intake: HR(95% CI): 0.70(0.53-0.92) Red meat intake was associated with reduced risks of all-cause dementia and AD. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33748832/]
Consuming red meat always: OR(95% CI): 4.47(1.67-11.94) Consuming red meat sometimes: OR(95% CI): 2.15(1.06-4.39) Consuming red meat sometimes or always was positively associated with Parkinson's disease as compared to eating red meats rarely or never. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34494887/]
The generation of offspring by living organisms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17087
Any address at which a person dwells more than temporarily. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25273
A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055070
Weakness of the diaphragm in ALS produces progressive dyspnea leading to orthopnea and decreased vocal volume and culminating in dyspnea with talking and eventually also at rest. Sleep-disordered breathing is an early sign of neuromuscular respiratory insufficiency. Diaphragmatic muscle weakness can lead to respiratory failure, the most common life-threatening manifestation of the disorder. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Resting tremor occurs in a body part that is not voluntarily activatedand is completely supported against gravity.
A condition in which the legs twitch involuntarily usually when sitting or lying quietly at rest. It may be mild, with occasional tingling and small areas of twitching, or severe enough that the legs appear to be walking or running of their own volition.
Retropulsion is the tendency to step back.
Rigidity is characterised by increased resistance, usually accompanied by the “cogwheel” phenomenon, particularly when associated with an underlying tremor, present throughout the range of passive movement of a limb (flexion, extension or rotation about a joint). It may occur proximally (eg, neck, shoulders, hips) and distally (eg, wrists, ankles).
sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1
Sterile alpha motif domain containing|TIR domain containing|Armadillo like helical domain containing
splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 2, interacting protein|serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2, interacting protein
CD36 antigen (collagen type I receptor, thrombospondin receptor)-like 2 (lysosomal integral membrane protein II)
lysosome membrane protein 2|lysosomal integral membrane protein II
sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A
Semaphorins|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A
serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2|serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2
surfactant, pulmonary-associated protein B
Zinc fingers RANBP2-type|Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex
PDZ domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Shroom family
Protein Shroom4|Second homolog of apical protein
V-set domain containing|Sialic acid binding Ig like lectins
sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2, S.cerevisiae, homolog) 2|sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 2 (S. cerevisiae)
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2|divalent metal transporter 1|divalent cation transporter 1
solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporter), member 2
solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter), member 2
Folate transporter 1|reduced folate carrier 1|intestinal folate carrier 1|reduced folate transporter 1|Folate:anion antiporter SLC19A1
solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1
Minor histocompatibility antigens|Solute carrier family 19
transmembrane protein 21B|acyl-malonyl condensing enzyme 1-like 3|solute carrier family 35, member G6
dopamine transporter|Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3|dopamine transporter 1|solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 3
solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4|5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter|obsessive-compulsive disorder 1|solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4
solute carrier family 21 (organic anion transporter), member 3|solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1A2
solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family
SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2
SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit ATPase 2
SNF2 related family|Bromodomain containing|BAF complex subunits|GBAF complex subunits
spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Kugelberg-Welander disease)
Tudor domain containing|SMN complex|Proteins encoded by multiple genes
acid sphingomyelinase|Niemann-Pick type A/B
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3)
calponin homology-associated smooth muscle protein
Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant, Lewy body) 4|synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)
non A4 component of amyloid precursor|alpha-synuclein|α-synuclein
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)|superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3
sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3
LDLR relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats
chromosome 11 open reading frame 32|sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats-containing
spastic paraplegia 4 (autosomal dominant; spastin)
cell matrix adhesion regulator|spastic paraplegia 7 (pure and complicated autosomal recessive)
SPG7 matrix AAA peptidase subunit, paraplegin
Paget disease of bone 3|oxidative stress induced like
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 6
StAR related lipid transfer domain containing
microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) intronic transcript
ubiquitin-like 1 (sentrin)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (yeast)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae)
SMT3 (suppressor of mif two 3, yeast) homolog 2|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (yeast)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae)
chromosome 11 synaptotagmin|breast cancer-associated antigen SGA-72M|protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 151
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Synaptotagmin like tandem C2 proteins
A food product that is highly seasoned minced meat and is encased in a skin in the shape of a cylinder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03315904
< 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 3.9 (1.1, 13.9) >= 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 5.4 (1.4, 20.0) Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.
Secondary dystonia results from environmental or other damage to the brain, or from exposure to certain types of medications.
Segmental dystonia affects two or more adjacent parts of the body.
Sensory symptoms are part of PD in the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder and are reported in 40%-50% of patients.
Tuite, P. J. (2009). Parkinson's Disease: A Guide to Patient Care. Springer Publishing Company.
Sexual dysfunction may involve a reduction in sex drive with difficulty becoming aroused, difficulty achieving and sustaining an erection, inability to reach orgasm, or pain with sexual activity.
Walking stooped forward with short, shuffling steps is perhaps the most distinctive gait disturbance of Parkinson’s. In this gait, the person’s feet barely clear the surface when walking, or one or both feet may drag.
Excessive saliva production and drooling.
Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining practitioner (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C100104
a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2)
≥ 11.25 mg/L: OR: 0.61(0.41, 0.91) high silica levels were associated with a lower risk of dementia and AD.
Occurs during voluntary movements that are not goal directed.
Schapira, A. H. (2000). Sleep attacks (sleep episodes) with pergolide. The Lancet, 355(9212), 1332-1333.
The terms sleep attack implies abrupt and uncontrollable onset of sleep, which seems to be always preceded by a prodrome of sleepness.
Problems in falling or staying asleep are common in people with Parkinson’s disease.
A natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C73425
The act of puffing and/or inhaling the combustion products of a substance so as to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C154329
Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. Behavior such as predation which involves members of different species is not social. Communication between members of different species is also not social behavior. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035176
Attributes and experiences that influence an individual's personality, attitudes, and lifestyle, which are derived from the social values and/or behavior of the groups to which an individual belongs, or aspires to belong. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D066252
SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid with smooth consistency FOODON:03430119 * partially heat-treated FOODON:03440018 * cream food product FOODON:00001216 * lactic acid fermentation process FOODON:03460101 * food homogenization or emulsification process FOODON:03460306 * pasteurization by heating FOODON:03470135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03302515
A seed of a soyabean plant (Glycine max). A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002266
Consumption of soy food products may contribute to the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's dementia and other dementiae.
A case of dystonia that is genetic or presumed to be genetic when the affected person does not have a history of dystonia in the family.
Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87631
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001230
[muscle organ strength] The strength of a muscle organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA_1000079
The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C35041
The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15425
A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15329
Miller, N., Noble, E., Jones, D., & Burn, D. (2006). Hard to swallow: dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Age and ageing, 35(6), 614-618.
Swallowing dysfunction occurs from the earliest stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), even in asymptomatic cases. Changes range from drooling (despite indications of decreased salivary production in PD; food residues in the oral sulci long after meals; poor bolus formation; slowed oral transit; repeated tongue pumping for retropulsion of the bolus; delayed triggering of the pharyngeal swallow reflex; reduced diameter but prolonged opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter; to vallecular stasis, residue in the piriform sinuses with risk of aspiration and true aspiration.
Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation
A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease.
Symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Symptom is something the patient feels and describes. Parkinson’s disease causes problems with movement, cognitive problems, neurobehavioral problems, as well as sensory and sleep difficulties. The signs and symptoms usually begin gradually, slowly and often randomly (in no set order).
A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28193
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN in dopaminergic neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of alpha-synuclein proteins results in LEWY BODIES and Lewy neurites; melanin granules in the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and LOCUS COERULEUS; and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Synucleinopathies are associated with mutation in the ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (SNCA) gene on chromosome 4. PARKINSON DISEASE; LEWY BODY DISEASE with dementia; and MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY are prominent examples of synucleinopathy. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000080874
General transcription factors|General transcription factor IID complex subunits|General transcription factor IIIB complex subunits
transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, HMG-box)
TCF/LEF transcription factor family|Wnt enhanceosome complex
Tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD4+ T cells
Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D057177
odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 4 (Drosophila)
MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Teneurin transmembrane protein family
chromosome 17 open reading frame 56|ENTH domain containing 2
TEPSIN adaptor related protein complex 4 accessory protein
testis associated actin remodelling kinase 2
Mitochondrial transcription initiation complex subunits
Camurati-Engelmann disease|prepro-transforming growth factor beta-1|Diaphyseal dysplasia 1, progressive
interphase cytoplasmic foci protein 45|induced by high glucose-1
tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)|tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1-like
tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1 like
thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A
T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1
Pleckstrin homology domain containing|Dbl family Rho GEFs|PDZ domain containing
transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast)
transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 10
tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a
CD molecules|Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13C
tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A
translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)
translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40
Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane complex
thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box
thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box family
chromosome 6 open reading frame 5|chromosome 6 open reading frame 2
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
chromosome 6 open reading frame 76|triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 2
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like 2
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 160
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Armadillo like helical domain containing|TSC complex
chromosome 20 open reading frame 17|zinc finger protein 218|teashirt family zinc finger 2
Zinc fingers C2H2-type|ZF class homeoboxes and pseudogenes
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing
tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 13|tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 13, pseudogene|tubulin tyrosine ligase like 13, pseudogene
thioredoxin glutathione reductase|selenoprotein TXNRD3
thioredoxin reductase 3 neighbor |thioredoxin reductase 3 intronic transcript 1
Glutaredoxin domain containing|Selenoproteins|Flavoproteins
killer activating receptor associated protein|DNAX-activation protein 12|DNAX adaptor protein 12
polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy|TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein
transmembrane immune signaling adaptor TYROBP
A form of traditional Chinese mind/body exercise and meditation that uses slow sets of body movements and controlled breathing. Tai chi is done to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C93099
Continuous dyskinesias characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements that are neuroleptic-induced.
Any agent that specifically targets or interferes with the synthesis or function of a molecule that is expressed specifically in or on cells of the tumor and/or the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune cells or surrounding blood vessels. The targeted molecule is usually overexpressed or mutated in tumors but minimally or not expressed by normal, healthy tissues; additionally, expression is typically associated with tumor cell proliferation, progression and/or survival. By blocking the function or expression of the tumor-associated target, the targeted therapy agent may exert potential antineoplastic and/or immunomodulatory activities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C163758
May appear or become exacerbated during specific activities.
It is characterized by tremor appearing only during writing.
A drink made by pouring hot water onto the dried leaves, fruit, or flowers of plants, especially the leaves of Camellia sinensis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C178191
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013959
An anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C12801
tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is a plant whose fruit is an edible berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originated from western South America, and may have been domesticated there or in Mexico. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato
development of promising nutritional strategies to increase the levels of tomato consumption for the prevention or treatment of AD and other dementias.
Also known as dystonia musculorum deformans, is a disease characterized by painful muscle contractions resulting in uncontrollable distortions.
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005879
Trace elements or dietary minerals are any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. The term is also used to designate these elements and compounds containing them. (NCI) A substance the body needs in tiny amounts to grow and stay healthy. Examples are vitamins and minerals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C896
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000546
The act of going from one place to another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C53462
A piece of exercise equipment used to walk or run on, for the purposes of cardiovascular training or testing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C88163
Tremor is a rhythmic oscillation of at least one functional body region.
Trismus refers to restricted movement of the jaw muscles, typically from increased musculoskeletal tone. Increased masseter tone from UMN dysfunction can cause trismus in patients with ALS. Involuntary jaw clenching with biting of the sides of the tongue and cheeks may also be present. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014402
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009369
Changing direction, or turning, becomes a challenge for many people with Parkinson’s and is a function of movement during which the risk for falling is high. The person with Parkinson’s attempts to accommodate the loss of these abilities by using small, shuffling steps to move in an arc when changing direction.
SH3 domain-containing 70 kDa protein, suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling 1, nm23-phosphorylated unknown substrate|T-cell ubiquitin ligand 2
ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B
Protein linking IAP with cytoskeleton 1|DSK2 homolog (yeast)
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)
UDP glycosyltransferase 3 family, polypeptide A1
UDP glycosyltransferase family 3 member A1
Urinary symptoms are very common in Parkinson's disease (PD). They are primarily irritative (frequency, urgency, urge incontinence) and correlate with the urodynamic finding of involuntary detrusor contractions at early stages of bladder filling (detrusor hyperreflexia).
VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 163|1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I
V-set and transmembrane domain containing 5
Any of various herbaceous plants or their parts cultivated for food. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C178192
A group of organic food substances found in animals and plants in small quantities. They must be supplied in diet or dietary supplement and are essential for normal metabolism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C944
Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
WW, C2 and coiled-coil domain containing 1
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 168
WWC family|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|C2 and WW domain containing
Activities or games performed in a body of water. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000073678
H2O, a clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C65147
A period during which dosage of one of the ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS should still be effective but is not. Wearing-off is an indication that LEVODOPA is losing its ability to meet the brain’s DOPAMINE needs.
A measurement that describes the vertical force exerted by a mass of the patient as a result of gravity.; The weight of a subject. (NCI); Patient weight in kilograms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C81328
Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014907
Often whale meat consumption: OR(95%CI): 6.53 (3.02, 14.14) Increased intake of whale meat and blubber in adult life was significantly associated with PD, thus suggesting a positive association between previous exposure to marine food contaminants and development of PD.
In culinary terms, white meat is meat which is pale in color before and after cooking. In traditional gastronomy, white meat also includes rabbit, the flesh of milk-fed young mammals (in particular veal and lamb), and sometimes pork. In ecotrophology and nutritional studies, white meat includes poultry and fish, but excludes all mammal flesh, which is considered red meat. [wikipedia]
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom Includes any product that can be described/observed as several types of fresh mushrooms sparsely cultivated or found wild which should be identified on attribute level. Specifically excludes: Prepared, Processed and Shelf Stable wild mushrooms, excludes LanguaL curation note: Index geographical origin in facet R, growing method (conventional, organic) in facet Z, and variety in facet B. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401559
This finding supports the hypothesis that genotoxins of fungal origin may induce motor neuron degeneration.
An alcoholic beverage created from fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66822
> 21 glasses/week: 0.21 (0.05, 0.93) Controls drank more alcohol than did cases and the risk of MSA decreased with increasing alcohol consumption (P = 0.04).
Wine: OR(95%CI): 28.28(6.65, 125) PD was found to be positively associated with coffee and alcohol consumption.
YdjC chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog
An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation, and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems in cancer patients. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64897
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 41
Zinc fingers CCHC-type|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits
zinc finger protein 338|zinc finger protein 64 homolog (mouse)|zinc finger protein 64
Zinc fingers C2H2-type|KRAB domain containing
zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5B
Zinc fingers C2H2-type|SCAN domain containing
A symptom including impairment in learning and recalling of recently learned information, loss of memory, disorientation with time and space, lack of insight to their memory loss and being aware of their memory loss but not being able to understand why.
Hand weakness causes difficulty manipulating small objects (buttons, zippers, coins) and using writing instruments. Proximal arm weakness results in difficulty elevating the arm to the level of the mouth or above the head. This can produce difficulty with bathing, dressing, grooming, and eating. The "split-hand syndrome" describes a pattern of weakness and atrophy common in ALS that predominantly involves the lateral (thenar) hand intrinsic muscles with relative sparing of the medial (hypothenar) muscles. Thenar muscles are innervated by multiple peripheral nerves, so the presence of this weakness pattern can help exclude isolated mononeuropathies as a cause of hand weakness. Arm or hand UMN symptoms in ALS include stiffness or cramping with poor dexterity resulting in difficulty performing activities of daily living. Muscle stretch reflexes are typically hyperactive. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
A nervous system symptom that involves, is related to, or emphasizes behavior.
behavioral symptom
stroke caused by the blockage of blood flow in a brain vessel through a clot or other foreign matters pumped from the heart to the brain [url:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_1001976]
An ischemic condition of the brain, producing a persistent focal neurological deficit in the area of distribution of the cerebral arteries. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50486]
A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C13202
A chromosome band present on 9p. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26056
chronic intracranial subdural haematomac
Cognitive symptoms involve problems with concentration and memory and can be just as disabling as the other types of symptoms. The onset of cognitive symptoms is usually realised in the same way as negative symptoms in that they only begin to be noticeable after the dominance of psychotic episodes or positive symptoms have either been controlled with medication or diminished with age.
Confusion is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a disturbance of consciousness characterized by inability to engage in orderly thought or by lack of power to distinguish, choose, or act decisively.
Constipation is a feces and droppings symptom involving the abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of dry hardened feces.
Dizziness is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness accompanied by a feeling of movement within the head.
A mental impairment in the ability to learn and retain new information, or recall information about a specific event that has occurred at a specific time and place.
A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patient's family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17726]
A functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific position on a particular chromosome and serves as the template for a product that contributes to a phenotype or a biological function. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16612]
Headache is a pain characterized by a pain in the head.
Heartburn is a pain characterized by a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat that happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus.
a stroke that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain ruptures and bleeds causing the deficiency of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells and tissues [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OAE_0001792]
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-139-5p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-152-3p
TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-27b-3p
A symptom including defficulty thinking of common words while speaking, hesitations, speech, spelling, and writing errors.
A symptom with which a patient may misunderstand the motives of the actions of their family, friends or others
Insomnia is a sleep disturbance characterized by prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep.
diminished effectiveness of insulin in lowering plasma glucose levels
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is defined by the sudden loss of blood flow to an area of the brain with the resulting loss of neurologic function. It is caused by thrombosis or embolism that occludes a cerebral vessel supplying a specific area of the brain. During a vessel occlusion, there is a core area where damage to the brain is irreversible and an area of penumbra where the brain has lost function owing to decreased blood flow but is not irreversibly injured. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002140]
Foot and ankle weakness results in tripping, a slapping gait, and falling. Examination typically reveals weakness beyond a single lumbosacral nerve root or peripheral nerve distribution. Proximal leg weakness results in difficulty arising from chairs, climbing stairs, and getting off the floor. Balance may also be adversely affected. Leg UMN symptoms manifest as a spastic gait with poor balance and may include spontaneous leg flexor spasms and ankle clonus. In addition to hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes, pathologic reflexes may be present including an extensor Babinski or the crossed adductor response. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
Reduced strength and weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003690
A gene that encodes a microRNA, which participates in the regulation of gene expression. [url:http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C80699]
Nausea is a digestive system symptom characterized by an uneasy or unsettled feeling in the stomach together with an urge to vomit.
a RNA gene that encodes for a ncRNA [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000033]
Necrosis is a general symptom where death of a portion of tissue differentially affected by local injury (as loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or the local lesion of a disease).
A symptom that is sufficiently mild that there is no evidence of a significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.
nutrition, metabolism, and development symptom
A symptom that entails mild problems performing complex functional tasks which they used to perform previously, such as paying bills, preparing a meal, or shopping. The person requires more time, is less efficient, and makes more errors at performing such activities than in the past. Nevertheless, the person generally maintains their independence of function in daily life.
preservation of independence in functional abilities
a gene that encodes for a protein [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000039]
a gene that has lost its protein-coding ability or is otherwise no longer expressed in the cell. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000040]
Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00002013
Sudden impairment of blood flow to a part of the brain due to occlusion or rupture of an artery to the brain. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297]
A brief attack (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. A transient episode of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin with no persistent neurological deficit. A disorder characterized by a brief attack (less than 24 hours) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50781]
Urticaria is a skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized by raised red skin wheals (welts) commonly caused by an allergic reaction with wheals that may vary in size from about 5 mm (0.2 inches) in diameter to the size of a dinner plate that are described as severely itchy a stingnig or burning sensation, and having a pale border.
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002318
Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary
Degenerative Hereditary Diseases, Nervous System
Degenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System
Hereditary Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System
Hereditary-Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System
Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases
Nervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary
Nervous System Hereditary Degenerative Diseases
Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D020271
Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
An individual behavior of a human being. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APOLLO_SV_00000402
A diet typical of the Mediterranean region characterized by a pattern high in fruits and vegetables, EDIBLE GRAIN and bread, potatoes, poultry, beans, nuts, olive oil and fish while low in red meat and dairy and moderate in alcohol consumption. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D038441
A moderate-fat, restricted-calorie, Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables and low in red meat, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ONS_1000038
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84442
Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.
sCJD patients were more likely to have travelled abroad, worked at an animal laboratory, undergone invasive dental treatment, orthopaedic surgery, ophthalmologic surgery after 1986, regular GP visits, taken medication regularly, and consumed kidney.
A hamburger (short: burger) is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. The patty may be pan fried, grilled, or flame broiled. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002737
> 1 time/week: OR(95%CI): 5(2.7, 9.1) Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD, as was reported frequent chicken consumption.
A hot dog is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001009
>= 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 10.5 (1.2, 88.7) Consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.
SIREN DB annotation: * whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147 * food filling process FOODON:03460207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03315926
Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD, as was reported frequent chicken consumption.
Raw meat generally refers to any type of uncooked muscle tissue of an animal used for food. [wikipedia][Smil, Vaclav. "Eating Meat: Evolution, Patterns, and Consequences." pp. 599–639.]
The few positive findings of the study include increased risk in relation to consumption of raw meat (RR 1.63 [95% CI 1.18-2.23]) and brain (1.68 [1.18-2.39])