Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology (NDDRFO)
type: Ontology
version IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/NDDRFO/1.0.0
creator: Cheng Bi
description: Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology (NDDRFO) is a disease-specific ontology that characterizes the knowledge field of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases.
language: En
version info: V1.0.0

beneficial effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contradictory effect
synonyms: Factor, Protective
synonyms: Factors, Protective
synonyms: Protective Factor
definition: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with prevention or mitigation of a health-related condition considered important to prevent. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065840
reference: mesh:D065840

caused by
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
range: Influencing factor
synonyms: caused by
label: caused_by
reference: SCDO:1000202

has_symptom
type: ObjectProperty

Fatal Familial Insomnia
type: Class
subclass of: Prion Disease
IAO_0000115: A prion disease that is characterized by insomnia, hallucinations, dementia and death, located_in the brain.
has db xref: GARD:6429
has db xref: ICD10CM:A81.83
has db xref: ICD9CM:046.72
has db xref: MESH:D034062
has db xref: MIM:600072
has db xref: NCI:C84711
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:83157008
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0206042
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:0050433
in subset: DO infectious disease slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
synonyms: Insomnia, Fatal Familial
comment: OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Fatal Familial Insomnia
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A prion disease that is characterized by insomnia, hallucinations, dementia and death, located_in the brain.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatal_familial_insomnia

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
IAO_0000115: A tauopathy that is characterized by an abundance of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons, astrocytes and cell processes around blood vessels and that is associated with repetitive head impacts or exposure to blast waves.
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:0081291

Axiom
annotated source: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A tauopathy that is characterized by an abundance of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons, astrocytes and cell processes around blood vessels and that is associated with repetitive head impacts or exposure to blast waves.
has db xref: url:https://actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40478-021-01189-4
has db xref: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33621530/
has db xref: url:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1026-5

frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
type: Class
subclass of: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Frontotemporal Dementia
IAO_0000115: A frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in CHMP2B on 3p11.2.
has alternative id: DOID:0060208
has db xref: MESH:C579991
has db xref: MIM:600795
has exact synonym: ALS17
has exact synonym: AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
has exact synonym: AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 17 (FORMERLY)
has exact synonym: CHMP2B-RELATED
has exact synonym: CHMP2B-related frontotemporal dementia
has exact synonym: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA
has exact synonym: FTD3
has exact synonym: FTDALS7
has exact synonym: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 17
has exact synonym: chromosome 3-linked frontotemporal dementia
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:0111227

Axiom
annotated source: frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in CHMP2B on 3p11.2.
type: ECO_0007645
has db xref: url:https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chmp2b-related-frontotemporal-dementia/#resources
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1199/
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16041373

Axiom
annotated source: frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: ALS17
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Axiom
annotated source: frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: FTD3
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Axiom
annotated source: frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: FTDALS7
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1
type: Class
subclass of: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
IAO_0000115: A neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic, progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. Susceptibility to this disease is influenced by heterozygous mutation in TRPM7 on 15q21.2.
has db xref: GARD:9239
has db xref: MESH:D000690
has db xref: MIM:105500
has db xref: ORDO:90020
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:62239001
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0543859
has exact synonym: ALS-PDC
has exact synonym: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia of Guam syndrome
has exact synonym: Guam disease
has exact synonym: Lytico-Bodig disease
has exact synonym: PDALS
has exact synonym: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex of Guam
has exact synonym: parkinsonism-dementia-ALS complex
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:0111246
in subset: DO rare slim

Axiom
annotated source: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic, progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. Susceptibility to this disease is influenced by heterozygous mutation in TRPM7 on 15q21.2.
type: ECO_0007645
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051700
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5770171

Axiom
annotated source: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: ALS-PDC
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Axiom
annotated source: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: PDALS
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
type: Class
subclass of: Prion Disease
has db xref: EFO:0004226
has db xref: GARD:6956
has db xref: ICD10CM:A81.0
has db xref: ICD9CM:046.1
has db xref: MESH:D007562
has db xref: MIM:123400
has db xref: NCI:C26802
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:155061007
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0022336
has exact synonym: CJD
has exact synonym: Creutzfeldt Jacob syndrome
has exact synonym: Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
has exact synonym: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
has exact synonym: Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
has exact synonym: Subacute spongiform encephalopathy
has exact synonym: Transmissible virus dementia
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:11949
in subset: DO infectious disease slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
in subset: zoonotic infectious disease
synonyms: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
comment: OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: CJD
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Lewy body dementia
type: Class
subclass of: Lewy Body Disease
IAO_0000115: A dementia that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities that has_material_basis_in accumulation of alpha-synuclein, SCNA, (protein). The causal mutation might be in SCNA or SCNB or some other gene(s) but the end result is always accumulation of SCNA in Lewy bodies.
has db xref: GARD:3243
has db xref: ICD10CM:G31.83
has db xref: ICD9CM:331.82
has db xref: MESH:D020961
has db xref: MIM:127750
has db xref: NCI:C84826
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:192808003
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0752347
has exact synonym: Dementia with Lewy bodies
has exact synonym: Diffuse Lewy body disease
has exact synonym: Lewy body disease
has exact synonym: Senile dementia of the Lewy body type
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:12217
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
comment: OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Lewy body dementia
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A dementia that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities that has_material_basis_in accumulation of alpha-synuclein, SCNA, (protein). The causal mutation might be in SCNA or SCNB or some other gene(s) but the end result is always accumulation of SCNA in Lewy bodies.
type: ECO_0007637
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies
has db xref: url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/basics/definition/CON-20025038

spinal muscular atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: Motor Neuron Disease
IAO_0000115: A motor neuron disease that is a degenerative neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.
has db xref: GARD:7674
has db xref: ICD10CM:G12.9
has db xref: ICD9CM:335.1
has db xref: MESH:D009134
has db xref: NCI:C85075
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:5262007
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0026847
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:12377
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus

Axiom
annotated source: spinal muscular atrophy
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A motor neuron disease that is a degenerative neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.
type: ECO_0007638
type: ECO_0007645
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy
has db xref: url:https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy
has db xref: url:https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26022173

Huntington's disease
type: Class
subclass of: Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
IAO_0000115: A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities.
has db xref: GARD:6677
has db xref: ICD10CM:G10
has db xref: ICD9CM:333.4
has db xref: KEGG:05016
has db xref: MESH:D006816
has db xref: MIM:143100
has db xref: NCI:C82342
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:58756001
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0020179
has exact synonym: HD
has exact synonym: Huntington disease
has exact synonym: Huntington's chorea
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:12858
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus

Axiom
annotated source: Huntington's disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities.
type: ECO_0007636
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington_disease

Axiom
annotated source: Huntington's disease
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: HD
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Neurodegenerative Disease
type: Class
subclass of: NDDRFO
IAO_0000115: A central nervous system disease that results in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons.
has alternative id: DOID:4874
has db xref: ICD10CM:G31.9
has db xref: MESH:D019636
has db xref: NCI:C27090
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:362975008
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0524851
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C1285162
has exact synonym: degenerative disease
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:1289
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus

Axiom
annotated source: Neurodegenerative Disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A central nervous system disease that results in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disease
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration

Motor Neuron Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
IAO_0000115: A neurodegenerative disease that is located_in the motor neurons.
has db xref: ICD10CM:G12.2
has db xref: ICD9CM:335.2
has db xref: MESH:D016472
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:37340000
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0085084
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:231
in subset: DO FlyBase slim

Axiom
annotated source: Motor Neuron Disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A neurodegenerative disease that is located_in the motor neurons.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_neuron_disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: TDP-43 Proteinopathies
IAO_0000115: A motor neuron disease that is characterized by muscle spasticity, rapidly progressive weakness due to muscle atrophy, difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
has db xref: GARD:5786
has db xref: ICD10CM:G12.21
has db xref: ICD9CM:335.20
has db xref: KEGG:05014
has db xref: MESH:D000690
has db xref: MIM:PS105400
has db xref: NCI:C34373
has db xref: ORDO:803
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:86044005
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0002736
has exact synonym: ALS
has exact synonym: Lou Gehrig's disease
has exact synonym: motor neuron disease, bulbar
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:332
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus

Axiom
annotated source: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A motor neuron disease that is characterized by muscle spasticity, rapidly progressive weakness due to muscle atrophy, difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
has db xref: url:http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis/detail_ALS.htm

Axiom
annotated source: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
annotated property: hasExactSynonym
annotated target: ALS
has synonym type: OMO_0003012

Multiple System Atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: Synucleinopathies
has alternative id: DOID:11510
has db xref: GARD:7079
has db xref: MESH:D012791
has db xref: MESH:D019578
has db xref: NCI:C84909
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:16576004
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:230297002
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0037019
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0393571
has exact synonym: Shy-Drager syndrome
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:4752
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
comment: OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS].

Prion Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
IAO_0000115: A brain disease that is characterized by brain damage resulting from the abnormal folding, clumping and accumulation of cellular proteins in the brain induced by prion proteins.
has db xref: ICD10CM:A81.9
has db xref: KEGG:05020
has db xref: MESH:D017096
has db xref: NCI:C128346
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:20484008
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0162534
has exact synonym: Prion disease pathway
has exact synonym: Prion protein disease
has exact synonym: Spongiform Encephalopathy
has exact synonym: prion induced disorder
has exact synonym: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:649
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO infectious disease slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus

Axiom
annotated source: Prion Disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A brain disease that is characterized by brain damage resulting from the abnormal folding, clumping and accumulation of cellular proteins in the brain induced by prion proteins.
type: ECO_0007637
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion
has db xref: url:http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/prions/

Tauopathy
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
IAO_0000115: A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in the pathological aggregation of tau protein in so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the human brain.
has db xref: MESH:D024801
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0949664
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:680
in subset: DO FlyBase slim

Axiom
annotated source: Tauopathy
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in the pathological aggregation of tau protein in so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the human brain.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauopathy

Frontotemporal Dementia
type: Class
subclass of: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
IAO_0000115: A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language.
has db xref: GARD:8436
has db xref: MESH:C563003
has db xref: MIM:600274
has db xref: ORDO:282
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:42369001
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0520716
has exact synonym: Wilhemsen-Lynch disease
has exact synonym: frontotemporal lobar degeneration
has exact synonym: multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia
has exact synonym: pallidopontonigral degeneration
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:9255
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO rare slim
comment: Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Frontotemporal Dementia
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language.
type: ECO_0007636
type: ECO_0007637
type: ECO_0007638
type: ECO_0007645
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontotemporal_dementia
has db xref: url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontotemporal-dementia/basics/definition/con-20023876
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21121521
has db xref: url:https://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/byID/673/viewAbstract

Parkinson disease
type: Class
subclass of: Synucleinopathies
IAO_0000115: A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.
has db xref: GARD:10251
has db xref: ICD10CM:G20
has db xref: ICD9CM:332
has db xref: KEGG:05012
has db xref: MESH:D010300
has db xref: MIM:PS168600
has db xref: NCI:C26845
has db xref: ORDO:2828
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:49049000
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0030567
has exact synonym: Parkinson's disease
has exact synonym: paralysis agitans
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:14330
in subset: DO FlyBase slim
in subset: DO rare slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
comment: Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Parkinson disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.
type: ECO_0007638
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease
has db xref: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26474316/
has db xref: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877503/

ABCA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ABC1|HDLDT1
synonyms: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
synonyms: TGD
synonyms: Tangier disease
chromosome location: 9q31.1
definition: ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1
gene group: ATP binding cassette subfamily A
gene group id: 805
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29

ABCA7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ABCX
synonyms: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 7
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7
gene group: ATP binding cassette subfamily A
gene group id: 805
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:37

ABCA8
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 8
synonyms: KIAA0822
chromosome location: 17q24.2
definition: ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8
gene group: ATP binding cassette subfamily A
gene group id: 805
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:38

ABCB1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: P-gp|CD243|GP170|ABC20|p-170|PGY1
synonyms: PGY1|MDR1|CLCS
synonyms: colchicin sensitivity|ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1
synonyms: multidrug resistance protein 1|P-glycoprotein
chromosome location: 7q21.12
definition: ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1
gene group: CD molecules|ATP binding cassette subfamily B
gene group id: 471|806
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:40

ACAT1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ACAT
synonyms: THIL
synonyms: acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase
synonyms: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1
chromosome location: 11q22.3
definition: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:93

ACE
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ACE1|CD143
synonyms: DCP1
synonyms: angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1
synonyms: peptidyl-dipeptidase A
chromosome location: 17q23.3
definition: angiotensin I converting enzyme
gene group: CD molecules
gene group id: 471
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2707

ACTA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: ACTA
synonyms: NEM3
synonyms: nemaline myopathy type 3
chromosome location: 1q42.13
definition: actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle
gene group: Actins
gene group id: 929
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:129

ADAM10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10
synonyms: kuz|MADM|HsT18717|CD156C
chromosome location: 15q21.3
definition: ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10
gene group: ADAM metallopeptidase domain containing|CD molecules
gene group id: 47|471
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:188

ADH1B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: ADH2
chromosome location: 4q23
definition: alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide
gene group: Alcohol dehydrogenases
gene group id: 397
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:250

ADH1C
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ADH3
chromosome location: 4q23
definition: alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide
gene group: Alcohol dehydrogenases
gene group id: 397
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:251

AKNAD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C1orf62
synonyms: MGC26989
synonyms: chromosome 1 open reading frame 62
chromosome location: 1p13.3
definition: AKNA domain containing 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28398

ALDH2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)
chromosome location: 12q24.12
definition: aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member
gene group: Aldehyde dehydrogenases|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 398|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:404

ALDH5A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SSADH|SSDH
synonyms: aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1
synonyms: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
chromosome location: 6p22.3
definition: aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1
gene group: Aldehyde dehydrogenases
gene group id: 398
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:408

ALOX5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: 5-LOX
chromosome location: 10q11.21
definition: arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
gene group: Arachidonate lipoxygenases
gene group id: 407
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:435

ANK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ANK
synonyms: SPH1
synonyms: ankyrin 1, erythrocytic
chromosome location: 8p11.21
definition: ankyrin 1
gene group: Ankyrin repeat domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|ZU5 domain containing
gene group id: 403|1691|2313
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:492

ANKK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: X-kinase
chromosome location: 11q23.2
definition: ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1
gene group: Ankyrin repeat domain containing
gene group id: 403
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21027

APOB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: ApoB-100
synonyms: apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)
chromosome location: 2p24.1
definition: apolipoprotein B
gene group: Apolipoproteins
gene group id: 405
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:603

APOC1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Apo-CI|ApoC-I|apo-CIB|apoC-IB|APOC1B
synonyms: apolipoprotein C-I
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: apolipoprotein C1
gene group: Apolipoproteins
gene group id: 405
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:607

APOD
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Apo-D
chromosome location: 3q29
definition: apolipoprotein D
gene group: Apolipoproteins|Lipocalins
gene group id: 405|631
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:612

APOE
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: AD2
synonyms: Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4-associated, late onset)
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: apolipoprotein E
gene group: Apolipoproteins
gene group id: 405
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:613

APP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AD1
synonyms: Alzheimer disease|amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein
synonyms: alpha-sAPP
synonyms: peptidase nexin-II
chromosome location: 21q21.3
definition: amyloid beta precursor protein
gene group: Receptor ligands
gene group id: 542
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:620

ARHGAP33
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ39019|TCGAP
synonyms: SNX26
synonyms: sorting nexin 26
chromosome location: 19q13.12
definition: Rho GTPase activating protein 33
gene group: Rho GTPase activating proteins
gene group id: 721
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23085

ASH1L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: ash1 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)
synonyms: huASH1|ASH1|ASH1L1|KMT2H
chromosome location: 1q22
definition: ASH1 like histone lysine methyltransferase
gene group: PHD finger proteins|Histone lysine methyltransferases|Bromodomain containing|SET domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 88|487|1232|1399|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:19088

ASTN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA0634
chromosome location: 9q33.1
definition: astrotactin 2
gene group: Fibronectin type III domain containing|Small nucleolar RNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 555|1835
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17021

ATP10B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATPVB|KIAA0715|FLJ21477
synonyms: ATPase, Class V, type 10B
chromosome location: 5q34
definition: ATPase phospholipid transporting 10B (putative)
gene group: ATPase phospholipid transporting
gene group id: 1210
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13543

ATP6V0E2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C7orf32|ATP6V0E2L
synonyms: V-ATPase subunit e1
synonyms: chromosome 7 open reading frame 32|ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit E isoform 2-like (rat)|ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit e2
chromosome location: 7q36.1
definition: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit e2
gene group: V-type ATPase subunits
gene group id: 415
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21723

ATP7B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide (Wilson disease)|ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide
synonyms: WND
synonyms: Wilson disease|copper pump 2|copper-transporting ATPase 2
chromosome location: 13q14.3
definition: ATPase copper transporting beta
gene group: ATPase copper transporting
gene group id: 1212
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:870

ATP8B1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATPIC|PFIC
synonyms: ATPase, Class I, type 8B, member 1|ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 1|ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1
synonyms: FIC1|BRIC|PFIC1
chromosome location: 18q21.31
definition: ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B1
gene group: ATPase phospholipid transporting
gene group id: 1210
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3706

ATP8B4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATPIM|KIAA1939
synonyms: ATPase, Class I, type 8B, member 4|ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 4
chromosome location: 15q21.2
definition: ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B4 (putative)
gene group: ATPase phospholipid transporting
gene group id: 1210
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13536

ATP9B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ATPIIB
synonyms: ATPase, class II, type 9B
chromosome location: 18q23
definition: ATPase phospholipid transporting 9B (putative)
gene group: ATPase phospholipid transporting
gene group id: 1210
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13541

ATRN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: DPPT-L|MGCA
synonyms: mahogany protein
chromosome location: 20p13
definition: attractin
gene group: C-type lectin domain containing
gene group id: 1298
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:885

ATXN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: D6S504E|ATX1
synonyms: SCA1
synonyms: spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (olivopontocerebellar ataxia 1, autosomal dominant, ataxin 1)
chromosome location: 6p22.3
definition: ataxin 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10548

ATXN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: ATX2
synonyms: SCA2|TNRC13
synonyms: spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (olivopontocerebellar ataxia 2, autosomal dominant, ataxin 2)
synonyms: trinucleotide repeat containing 13
chromosome location: 12q24.12
definition: ataxin 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10555

ATXN3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: ATX3|JOS
synonyms: Machado-Joseph disease (spinocerebellar ataxia 3, olivopontocerebellar ataxia 3, autosomal dominant, ataxin 3)
synonyms: SCA3|MJD
chromosome location: 14q32.12
definition: ataxin 3
gene group: MJD deubiquinating enzymes
gene group id: 997
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7106

AZU1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AZU|CAP37|AZAMP|HBP|NAZC|HUMAZUR
synonyms: cationic antimicrobial protein 37|heparin-binding protein|neutrophil azurocidin
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: azurocidin 1
gene group: Granule associated serine proteases of immune defence
gene group id: 1636
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:913

Acai Berry
type: Class
subclass of: Fruit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:35956841
synonyms: açaí
synonyms: palm berry
definition: Includes any product that can be described/observed as a fresh commercial variety of Acai berries, grown from Euterpe oleracea, to be supplied fresh. LanguaL curation note: Index geographical origin in facet R. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401427
definition: extracts of the acai berry contain nutraceutical components with anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant capabilities and may therefore provide a beneficial dietary component that limits the pathological deficits evidenced in AD.
reference: FOODON:03401427

Acquired Abnormality
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Acquired Anatomic Abnormality
synonyms: Acquired Anatomical Abnormality
definition: An anatomic abnormality that is appears later in life. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C36287
reference: NCIT:C36287

Action tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Parkinsonian tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: Type III tremor
is defined by: Action tremor is any tremor occuring on voluntary contraction of muscle.

Adult onset dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: late onset dystonia
is defined by: A category of dystonia in which the symptoms begin in adulthood, typically after the age of 30.

Aerobic Exercise
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Aerobic Activity
synonyms: aerobic exercise
definition: Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C39774
reference: NCIT:C39774

Age
type: Class
subclass of: Demographic characteristics
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: age
synonyms: aged
synonyms: chronological age
definition: How long something has existed; elapsed time since birth. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25150]
reference: NCIT:C25150

Air pollution
type: Class
subclass of: Environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: air pollution
synonyms: air pollution exposure
synonyms: exposure to air pollution
definition: A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to air pollution. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECTO_8000036]
reference: ECTO:8000036

Akathisia
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: An inability to sit still, typically as an aspect of AGITATION or ANXIETY. In people with Parkinson’s disease, akathisia is relatively rare and when it does occur is often an adverse reaction to a medication used to treat the disease.

Akinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: akinetic
is defined by: Is defined as the loss of movement.

Alcohol
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: alcohol consumption
synonyms: alcoholic beverage
synonyms: alcoholic drink
definition: A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2190
reference: NCIT:C2190

Alzheimer disease
type: Class
subclass of: Tauopathy
IAO_0000115: A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.
IAO_0000412: doid.owl
has db xref: EFO:0000249
has db xref: GARD:10254
has db xref: ICD10CM:G30
has db xref: ICD9CM:331.0
has db xref: KEGG:05010
has db xref: MESH:D000544
has db xref: NCI:C2866
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2020_03_01:73768007
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2020_09_01:73768007
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US_2023_03_01:73768007
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0002395
has exact synonym: Alzheimer's disease
has exact synonym: Alzheimers dementia
has OBO namespace: disease_ontology
id: DOID:10652
in subset: DO RAD slim
in subset: NCIthesaurus
in subset: DO rare slim
comment: Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].

Axiom
annotated source: Alzheimer disease
annotated property: IAO_0000115
annotated target: A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.
type: ECO_0007637
type: ECO_0007638
type: ECO_0007643
has db xref: url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease
has db xref: url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/alzheimer%27s%20disease
has db xref: url:http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet
comment: ls:IEDB

Amino acids
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: amino acids
reference: XCO:0000119
label: This is any condition in which the main influencing factor is an amino acid, any naturally occurring or synthetic organic compound containing an amino group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain. An amino acid may be administered as a nutritional supplement or as a drug. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000119

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Agents, Analgesic
synonyms: Analgesic Agents
synonyms: antiinflammatory agent
synonyms: antiinflammatory drug
definition: Analgesics: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000700 anti-inflammatory drug: A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
reference: CHEBI:35472
reference: mesh:D000700

Anhedonia
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Anhedonia is the inability to experience physical or social pleasure.

Animal feed
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
synonyms: Animal feed (substance)
synonyms: Fodder
definition: Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000821
reference: mesh:D000821

Antibiotic
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Antibiotic Agents
synonyms: Antibiotic Drugs
synonyms: Antibiotic Therapy
synonyms: Antibiotics
synonyms: antibiotic
definition: Substances naturally produced by microorganisms or their derivatives that selectively target microorganisms not humans. Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms by targeting components of the microbial cell absent from human cells, including bacterial cell walls, cell membrane, and 30S or 50S ribosomal subunits. These substances are used in the treatment of bacterial and other microbial infections. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C258
reference: NCIT:C258

Anticholinergic drugs
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Anticholinergic Agent
synonyms: Cholinergic Antagonist
definition: Any agent that binds to and blocks nicotinic and/or muscarinic receptors, thereby preventing the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) at these receptors. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66880
reference: NCIT:C66880

Antidiabetic
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Agent, Antidiabetic
synonyms: Agent, Antihyperglycemic
synonyms: Agent, Hypoglycemic
synonyms: Anti-diabetic Agent
synonyms: Anti-diabetics
synonyms: Antidiabetic Agent
synonyms: Antidiabetic Drug
synonyms: Hypoglycemic Agents
definition: Any substance used to reduce hyperglycemia or treat disorders associated with diabetes. Based on their mechanism of action, this class of agents can be classified to the following groups: directly acting insulomimetics, which activates insulin receptors; indirectly acting insulinomimetics, which increase insulin release such as sulfonylureas or which potentiate the effect of insulin such as metformin; those act directly on the metabolism of glucose such as inhibitors of glucosidases and inhibitors of aldose reductase. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C29711
reference: NCIT:C29711

Antihypertensive
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Antihypertensive Agent
synonyms: Antihypertensive Drugs
synonyms: Antihypertensives
synonyms: Hypotensive Agents
synonyms: Hypotensive Drugs
definition: Any substance used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Antihypertensive agents include diuretics, alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, ganglionic blockers, and vasodilator agents. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C270
reference: NCIT:C270

Anxiety
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: neurological and physiological symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: anxieties
synonyms: anxiety
synonyms: uneasiness
synonyms: worry
definition: Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
reference: HP:0000739

Apathy
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A lack of motivation, interest, and energy. Apathy is an early and progressive symptom of DEMENTIA in Parkinson's disease.

Aquatic Ai Chi
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Ai Chi Therapy
synonyms: Aquatic Exercise Therapy
synonyms: Exercise Therapy, Aquatic
synonyms: Exercise Therapy, Water
synonyms: Pool Therapy
synonyms: Therapies, Ai Chi
synonyms: Therapy, Ai Chi
synonyms: Therapy, Aquatic
synonyms: Therapy, Aquatic Exercise
synonyms: Therapy, Pool
synonyms: Therapy, Water Exercise
synonyms: Water Exercise Therapy
synonyms: Water Tai Chi Therapy
synonyms: hydrotherapy
definition: Physical therapy administered while the body is immersed in an aquatic environment. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000088543
reference: mesh:D000088543

Asthma drugs
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Anti-Asthmatic Agents
synonyms: Anti-asthmatic Agent
synonyms: anti-asthmatic drug
definition: Classified as bronchodilators (beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, xanthines, muscarinic-receptor antagonists) and anti-inflammatory agents (glucocorticoids, cromolyn), natural or synthetic Anti-asthmatic Agents relieve asthma (a recurrent airway obstruction) in multiple ways and at various sites, by reducing bronchial spasm, dyspnea, allergic reaction, local inflammation, and pain. Other agents, such as anti-histamine and antibiotics, may also be used in asthma. (NCI04) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C29712
reference: NCIT:C29712

Attitude
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Attitudes
synonyms: Outlook
synonyms: attitude
synonyms: outlook
definition: An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001290
reference: mesh:D001290

Autoimmune disease
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Autoimmune Disease
synonyms: Autoimmune Disorder
synonyms: Autoimmune disorder
synonyms: autoimmune disease
definition: A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2889
definition: NCIT:C2889

Autonomic dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Changes to body functions regulated by the autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM that are the result of injury or disease. As Parkinson’s disease progresses, the NEUROTRANSMITTER imbalances affect other organ systems in addition to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and affect motor movement processes.

Autonomic symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Axial dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Segmental dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Dystonia that affects the 'midline' of the body—chest, abdominal, and back muscles

Axial weakness
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
synonyms: Axial muscle weakness
definition: Motor impairment in ALS involving trunk and core muscles may produce fatigue, postural instability, and contribute to the risk of falls. Axial UMN dysfunction may contribute to cramping, stiffness, and imbalance. LMN weakness affecting the trunk and spine may produce difficulty holding up the head or maintaining an erect posture and may lead to an exaggerated lumbar lordosis with an abdominal protuberance. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
definition: Reduced strength of the axial musculature (i.e., of the muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003327
reference: HP:0003327

B3GAT2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GlcAT-S
synonyms: glucuronosyltransferase S|galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 2
chromosome location: 6q13
definition: beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2
gene group: Beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferases
gene group id: 423
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:922

BACE1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Asp2
synonyms: BACE
synonyms: beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme|beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1
synonyms: memapsin 2|aspartyl protease 2
chromosome location: 11q23.3
definition: beta-secretase 1
gene group: Peptidase family A1
gene group id: 1928
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:933

BACE2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AEPLC
synonyms: ASP1|DRAP|ALP56|CEAP1
synonyms: beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2
synonyms: memapsin 1|theta-secretase|aspartyl protease 1|56 kDa aspartic-like protease|Down region aspartic protease
chromosome location: 21q22.2-q22.3
definition: beta-secretase 2
gene group: Peptidase family A1
gene group id: 1928
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:934

BCHE
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CHE1|CHE2
synonyms: E1
synonyms: cholinesterase 1|cholinesterase (serum) 2
chromosome location: 3q26.1
definition: butyrylcholinesterase
gene group: Cholinesterase family
gene group id: 3435
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:983

BCL2L13
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator)
synonyms: MIL1|BCL-RAMBO
chromosome location: 22q11.21
definition: BCL2 like 13
gene group: BCL2 family
gene group id: 1057
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17164

BDNF
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: neurotrophin
chromosome location: 11p14.1
definition: brain derived neurotrophic factor
gene group: Neurotrophins
gene group id: 1585
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1033

BIN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AMPHL
synonyms: SH3P9|AMPH2
synonyms: amphiphysin II|amphiphysin 2|Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1
chromosome location: 2q14.3
definition: bridging integrator 1
gene group: N-BAR domain containing
gene group id: 1289
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1052

BIRC6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: BRUCE
synonyms: apollon
synonyms: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 6
chromosome location: 2p22.3
definition: baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6
gene group: Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes E2|Baculoviral IAP repeat containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 102|419|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13516

BMI
type: Class
subclass of: Physical fitness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Body Mass Index
synonyms: Body mass index (BMI)
definition: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992
reference: mesh:D015992

BMS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: BMS1-like, ribosome assembly protein (yeast)|BMS1 homolog, ribosome assembly protein (yeast)|BMS1, ribosome biogenesis factor
synonyms: BMS1L
synonyms: KIAA0187
chromosome location: 10q11.21
definition: BMS1 ribosome biogenesis factor
gene group: SSU processome
gene group id: 1484
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23505

Beef
type: Class
subclass of: Red meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:16287153
synonyms: consumption of beef
definition: The meat of domestic cattle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C71932
description: > 1 time/week: OR(95%CI): 1.9(1.1, 3.5) Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD
reference: NCIT:C71932

Beer
type: Class
subclass of: Alcohol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:12891669
PMID: PMID:23840473
synonyms: Beer (substance)
synonyms: Beer intake
synonyms: beer beverage
synonyms: beer or beer-like beverage
synonyms: hop juice
definition: A carbonated alcoholic beverage made through the fermentation of sugars derived from malted grains; this beverage is usually flavored with hops but other herbs or fruit may be used to enhance its flavor. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66824
description: Beer, >=4 drinks/month: RR(95%CI): 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) Beer, 1-3 drinks/month: RR(95%CI): 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) Compared with those who consumed beer less than once per month, the relative rate (95% confidence interval) was 0.7 (0.5-0.9) for one to three drinks of beer per month, and 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) for one or more drinks of beer per week.
description: Beer, Less than 13g/day(1 drink/day): OR(95%CI): 1.00 (0.88, 1.12) Low to moderate beer consumption with lower PD risk and greater liquor consumption with higher risk. These findings and potential underlying mechanisms warrant further investigations.
reference: NCIT:C66824

Behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
synonyms: Behavioral
synonyms: Conduct
synonyms: behavior
synonyms: behavioral
synonyms: conduct
definition: The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16326
reference: NCIT:C16326

Beverage
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Beverage intake
synonyms: Beverages
definition: A liquid that is suitable for human consumption. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C85058
reference: NCIT:C85058

biochemical factor
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: biochemical factors
definition: Factors about biochemistry. http://www.semanticweb.org/admin/ontologies/2022/7/MIO:00021
reference: MIO:00021

Biologically Active Substance
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical factor
label: Endogenously synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

Biomedical or Dental Material
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical factor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
definition: Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001697
reference: mesh:D001697

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: Prion Disease
synonyms: BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
synonyms: BSEs (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
synonyms: Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis
synonyms: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
synonyms: Encephalitis, Bovine Spongiform
synonyms: Encephalopathy Bovine, Spongiform
synonyms: Mad Cow Disease
synonyms: Mad Cow Diseases
synonyms: Spongiform Encephalopathy, Bovine
definition: A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle associated with abnormal prion proteins in the brain. Affected animals develop excitability and salivation followed by ATAXIA. This disorder has been associated with consumption of SCRAPIE infected ruminant derived protein. This condition may be transmitted to humans, where it is referred to as variant or new variant CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME. (Vet Rec 1998 Jul 25;143(41):101-5) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016643
reference: mesh:D016643

Brachial dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Segmental dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Dystonia in one arm and trunk or both arms.

Bradykinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
is defined by: Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement and is the most characteristic clinical feature of PD.

Bradyphrenia
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: BRADYPHRENIA is a slowness of the thought process.

Bulbar dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
definition: Bulbar motor neuron dysfunction from impairment of cranial nerves and their associated central pathways can result in both weakness and functional impairment in speaking, swallowing, and controlling secretions. Eye movements controlled by motor neurons residing in the nuclei of the oculomotor (cranial nerve [CN] III), trochlear (CN IV), and abducens (CN VI) nerves are spared until very late in the disease course. Patients who choose long-term mechanical ventilation have a longer clinical course that can include progressive difficulty with ocular motility. This may culminate in the locked-in state, a clinical condition characterized by the inability to move any voluntary muscle. Such patients may be alert and awake but completely unable to speak or communicate with visual communication-assistive devices. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Burgers
type: Class
subclass of: Processed meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
type: NamedIndividual
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:16287153
synonyms: Burger
synonyms: burger meat
synonyms: hamburger
definition: A hamburger (short: burger) is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. The patty may be pan fried, grilled, or flame broiled. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002737
description: > 1 time/week: OR(95%CI): 5(2.7, 9.1) Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD, as was reported frequent chicken consumption.
reference: FOODON:00002737

Burning sensation
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

C1QTNF7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7
synonyms: CTRP7
chromosome location: 4p15.32
definition: C1q and TNF related 7
gene group: C1q and TNF related
gene group id: 1372
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14342

C1orf185
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ27485
chromosome location: 1p32.3
definition: chromosome 1 open reading frame 185
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28096

C7orf57
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
chromosome location: 7p12.3
definition: chromosome 7 open reading frame 57
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22247

C9orf72
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: MGC23980|DENNL72|DENND9
synonyms: chromosome 9 open reading frame 72
chromosome location: 9p21.2
definition: C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit
gene group: DENN domain containing|SWC tripartite complex
gene group id: 504|1695
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28337

CACNA1H
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Cav3.2
synonyms: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit
chromosome location: 16p13.3
definition: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H
gene group: Calcium voltage-gated channel alpha1 subunits
gene group id: 1512
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1395

CALHM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FAM26C
synonyms: family with sequence similarity 26, member C
chromosome location: 10q24.33
definition: calcium homeostasis modulator 1
gene group: Calcium homeostasis modulators
gene group id: 1478
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23494

CALHM2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FAM26B
synonyms: family with sequence similarity 26, member B|calcium homeostasis modulator 2
chromosome location: 10q24.33
definition: calcium homeostasis modulator family member 2
gene group: Calcium homeostasis modulators
gene group id: 1478
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23493

CASP7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MCH3|CMH-1|ICE-LAP3
synonyms: caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease|caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
chromosome location: 10q25.3
definition: caspase 7
gene group: Caspases
gene group id: 468
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1508

CCDC60
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MGC39827
chromosome location: 12q24.23
definition: coiled-coil domain containing 60
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28610

CCDC62
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: TSP-NY|FLJ40344|CT109|ERAP75
synonyms: cancer/testis antigen 109
chromosome location: 12q24.31
definition: coiled-coil domain containing 62
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30723

CCL2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: MCP1|MCP-1|MCAF|SMC-CF|GDCF-2|HC11|MGC9434
synonyms: SCYA2
synonyms: monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je|monocyte chemoattractant protein-1|monocyte chemotactic and activating factor|monocyte secretory protein JE|small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 2
synonyms: small inducible cytokine A2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je)|chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
chromosome location: 17q12
definition: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
gene group: Chemokine ligands
gene group id: 483
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10618

CD14
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: CD14 antigen
chromosome location: 5q31.3
definition: CD14 molecule
gene group: CD molecules|Scavenger receptors
gene group id: 471|1253
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1628

CD163L1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD163 antigen-like 1|CD163 molecule-like 1
synonyms: M160|CD163B|SCARI2|WC1
chromosome location: 12p13.31
definition: CD163 molecule like 1
gene group: Scavenger receptors|Scavenger receptor cysteine rich domain containing
gene group id: 1253|1404
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30375

CD200R1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: MOX2 receptor
synonyms: MOX2R
synonyms: OX2R|HCRTR2|CD200R
chromosome location: 3q13.2
definition: CD200 receptor 1
gene group: C2-set domain containing
gene group id: 592
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24235

CD33
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD33 antigen (gp67)
synonyms: SIGLEC3|SIGLEC-3|p67|FLJ00391|CD33rSiglec
synonyms: sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 3
chromosome location: 19q13.41
definition: CD33 molecule
gene group: CD molecules|V-set domain containing|Sialic acid binding Ig like lectins
gene group id: 471|590|745
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1659

CD36
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD36 antigen (collagen type I receptor, thrombospondin receptor)|CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor)
synonyms: SCARB3|GPIV|FAT|GP4|GP3B|GPIIIB
synonyms: scavenger receptor class B member 3|Platelet glycoprotein 4|fatty acid translocase
chromosome location: 7q21.11
definition: CD36 molecule (CD36 blood group)
gene group: Blood group antigens|CD molecules|Scavenger receptors
gene group id: 454|471|1253
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1663

CD4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: CD4 antigen (p55)|T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4
synonyms: T4|Leu-3
chromosome location: 12p13.31
definition: CD4 molecule
gene group: CD molecules|V-set domain containing|C2-set domain containing
gene group id: 471|590|592
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1678

CDK5RAP2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C48|FLJ10867|CEP215
synonyms: MCPH3
synonyms: centrosomin
synonyms: microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive 3
chromosome location: 9q33.2
definition: CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18672

CEP131
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: 5-azacytidine induced 1|centrosomal protein 131kDa
synonyms: AZ1|KIAA1118
synonyms: AZI1
chromosome location: 17q25.3
definition: centrosomal protein 131
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29511

CHAT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CHOACTase
synonyms: choline acetyltransferase
chromosome location: 10q11.23
definition: choline O-acetyltransferase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1912

CHCHD2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: C7orf17
synonyms: MIX17 homolog B|mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1
synonyms: MIX17B|MNRR1
synonyms: chromosome 7 open reading frame 17
chromosome location: 7p11.2
definition: coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2
gene group: Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing proteins
gene group id: 489
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21645

CHGB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: SCG1
synonyms: SgI
synonyms: secretogranin 1
synonyms: secretogranin B
chromosome location: 20p12.3
definition: chromogranin B
gene group: Granins
gene group id: 925
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1930

CHI3L1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GP39|YKL40|YK-40
synonyms: cartilage glycoprotein-39
synonyms: chitinase 3-like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein-39)
chromosome location: 1q32.1
definition: chitinase 3 like 1
gene group: Chitinases
gene group id: 816
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1932

CHN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: ARHGAP3|RhoGAP3
synonyms: beta chimerin|chimaerin 2
synonyms: chimerin (chimaerin) 2
chromosome location: 7p14.3
definition: chimerin 2
gene group: Rho GTPase activating proteins|SH2 domain containing
gene group id: 721|741
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1944

CHRNA4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: BFNC
synonyms: EBN|EBN1
synonyms: acetylcholine receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)
synonyms: cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4|cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)|cholinergic receptor, nicotinic alpha 4
chromosome location: 20q13.33
definition: cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit
gene group: Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits
gene group id: 173
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1958

CLECL1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C-type lectin like 1, pseudogene|C-type lectin-like 1
synonyms: CLECL1P
synonyms: DCAL1
synonyms: dendritic cell associated lectin 1
chromosome location: 12p13.31
definition: C-type lectin like 1
gene group: Unitary pseudogenes
gene group id: 3418
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24462

CLU
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CLI|APOJ
synonyms: SGP-2|SP-40|TRPM-2|KUB1|CLU1|CLU2
synonyms: clusterin (complement lysis inhibitor, SP-40,40, sulfated glycoprotein 2, testosterone-repressed prostate message 2, apolipoprotein J)
synonyms: complement lysis inhibitor|sulfated glycoprotein 2|testosterone-repressed prostate message 2|apolipoprotein J
chromosome location: 8p21.1
definition: clusterin
gene group: Complement system regulators and receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1639|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2095

CNGB1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CNCG2|CNCG3L
synonyms: RCNC2|RCNCb|GARP|GAR1|CNGB1B|RP45
synonyms: cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1
synonyms: glutamic acid-rich protein|cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1
chromosome location: 16q21
definition: cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 1
gene group: Cyclic nucleotide gated channels
gene group id: 250
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2151

CNTN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
synonyms: F3|GP135
synonyms: glycoprotein gP135
chromosome location: 12q12
definition: contactin 1
gene group: I-set domain containing|Contactins
gene group id: 593|1909
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2171

CNTN4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: BIG-2
chromosome location: 3p26.3-p26.2
definition: contactin 4
gene group: I-set domain containing|Contactins
gene group id: 593|1909
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2174

COMT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 22q11.21
definition: catechol-O-methyltransferase
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes|7BS small molecule methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
gene group id: 1691|2063|3372
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2228

COQ2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
synonyms: 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase
synonyms: CL640|FLJ26072
synonyms: coenzyme Q2 homolog, prenyltransferase (yeast)
chromosome location: 4q21.23
definition: coenzyme Q2, polyprenyltransferase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25223

COX11
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: COX11 (yeast) homolog, cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein|cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog 11 (yeast)|COX11, cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone
synonyms: COX11P
synonyms: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 11|cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11
chromosome location: 17q22
definition: cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX11
gene group: Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors
gene group id: 645
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2261

COX7C
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIc
chromosome location: 5q14.3
definition: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C
gene group: Mitochondrial complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase subunits|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 643|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2292

CPT1B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: M-CPT1|CPT1-M
synonyms: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1B
synonyms: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)
chromosome location: 22q13.33
definition: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2329

CR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD35|KN
synonyms: complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1, including Knops blood group system|complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)|complement component 3b/4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)
chromosome location: 1q32.2
definition: complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)
gene group: Blood group antigens|CD molecules|Sushi domain containing|Complement system regulators and receptors
gene group id: 454|471|1179|1639
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2334

CREB3L2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: BBF2 human homolog on chromosome 7
synonyms: BBF2H7|TCAG_1951439
chromosome location: 7q33
definition: cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2
gene group: CREB3 transcription factor family
gene group id: 1970
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23720

CRTC3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ21868
chromosome location: 15q26.1
definition: CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26148

CST3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: cystatin C (amyloid angiopathy and cerebral hemorrhage)
chromosome location: 20p11.21
definition: cystatin C
gene group: Cystatins, type 2
gene group id: 965
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2475

CTNNA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CAP102
synonyms: alpha-E-catenin
synonyms: catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1 (102kD)
chromosome location: 5q31.2
definition: catenin alpha 1
gene group: Alpha catenins
gene group id: 1543
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2509

CTSB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 8p23.1
definition: cathepsin B
gene group: Cathepsins
gene group id: 470
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2527

CTSD
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CLN10
synonyms: CPSD
synonyms: cathepsin D (lysosomal aspartyl protease)
synonyms: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 10
chromosome location: 11p15.5
definition: cathepsin D
gene group: Cathepsins|Peptidase family A1
gene group id: 470|1928
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2529

CX3CR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: CMKDR1|V28|CCRL1
synonyms: GPR13|CMKBRL1
synonyms: chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1|chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1
chromosome location: 3p22.2
definition: C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1
gene group: C-X-3-C motif chemokine receptors
gene group id: 1093
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2558

CXCL12
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SCYB12|SDF-1a|SDF-1b|PBSF|TLSF-a|TLSF-b|TPAR1
synonyms: SDF1A|SDF1B|SDF1
synonyms: stromal cell-derived factor 1|chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
chromosome location: 10q11.21
definition: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12
gene group: Chemokine ligands
gene group id: 483
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10672

CYP17A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CYP17
synonyms: P450C17|CPT7|S17AH
synonyms: Steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase
synonyms: cytochrome P450, subfamily XVII (steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase), adrenal hyperplasia|cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
chromosome location: 10q24.32
definition: cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 17
gene group id: 1008
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2593

CYP19A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ARO|P-450AROM|CPV1|ARO1|CYAR|aromatase
synonyms: CYP19
synonyms: cytochrome P450, subfamily XIX (aromatization of androgens)|cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
chromosome location: 15q21.2
definition: cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 19|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1009|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2594

CYP2B6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CPB6|CYPIIB6
synonyms: CYP2B
synonyms: cytochrome P450, subfamily IIB (phenobarbital-inducible), polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B|cytochrome P450, subfamily IIB (phenobarbital-inducible)|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6
chromosome location: 19q13.2
definition: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 2
gene group id: 1001
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2615

CYP2D6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CPD6|P450-DB1|CYP2D|P450C2D
synonyms: CYP2DL1|CYP2D7P2|CYP2D7BP|CYP2D8P2|CYP2D7AP
synonyms: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 7 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 8 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, subfamily IID (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolizing), polypeptide 6|cytochrome P450, subfamily II (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolising), polypeptide 7 pseudogene 2|cytochrome P450, subfamily IID (debrisoquine, sparteine, etc., -metabolising), polypeptide 8 pseudogene 2
chromosome location: 22q13.2
definition: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 (gene/pseudogene)
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 2
gene group id: 1001
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2625

CYP2J2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: cytochrome P450, subfamily IIJ (arachidonic acid epoxygenase) polypeptide 2|cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2
chromosome location: 1p32.1
definition: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member 2
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 2
gene group id: 1001
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2634

CYP46A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CYP46
synonyms: cytochrome P450, subfamily 46 (cholesterol 24-hydroxylase)|cytochrome P450, family 46, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
chromosome location: 14q32.2
definition: cytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1
gene group: Cytochrome P450 family 46
gene group id: 1016
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2641

Camptocormia
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Bloch, F., Houeto, J. L., du Montcel, S. T., Bonneville, F., Etchepare, F., Welter, M. L., ... & Agid, Y. (2006). Parkinson’s disease with camptocormia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 77(11), 1223-1228.
is defined by: Camptocormia is defined as an abnormal flexion of the trunk that appears when standing or walking and disappears in the supine position. The origin of the disorder is unknown, but it is usually attributed either to a primary or a secondary paravertebral muscle myopathy or a motor neurone disorder. Camptocormia is also observed in a minority of patients with parkinsonism.

Carbohydrate
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Carbohydrates
synonyms: Saccharide
synonyms: glucide
synonyms: hydrate of carbon
synonyms: saccharide
definition: Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000172
reference: XCO:0000172

Cell
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical factor
synonyms: Cell Type
synonyms: Cell Types
synonyms: Cells
synonyms: Cellular
synonyms: Normal Cell
synonyms: {Cells}
definition: The smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C12508
reference: NCIT:C12508

Cell Component
type: Class
subclass of: Cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Cell Components
synonyms: Cell Part
synonyms: Cellular Structure
synonyms: Cellular Structures
synonyms: Component, Cell
synonyms: Components, Cell
synonyms: Structure, Cellular
synonyms: Structures, Cellular
definition: The components of the cell. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34070
reference: NCIT:C34070
reference: mesh:D022082

Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Chromosomal, Gene, or Protein Abnormality
synonyms: Cytogenetic or Molecular Genetic Abnormality
synonyms: Genetic Abnormality
synonyms: Molecular Abnormality
synonyms: Molecular Alteration
definition: A molecular or cytogenetic abnormality which occurs in either human disease states or disease models. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3910
reference: NCIT:C3910

Centralized dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Generalized dystonia affects most or all of the body.

Cerebrovascular disease
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: CVA
synonyms: cerebrovascular disorder
synonyms: cerebrovascular disorders
definition: This is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. This includes “stroke”, which includes the following entities - . Intracerebral haemorrhage; Subarachnoid haemorrhage; cerebral ischemic stroke, and Stroke not known if ischaemic or haemorrhagic. [url:http://id.who.int/icd/entity/843843448]
reference: DOID:6713
reference: MESH:D002561
reference: NCIT:C2938
reference: SNOMED:266312006
reference: UMLS:C0007820

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
definition: An inherited degenerative disorder involving the peripheral nerves. It is caused by mutations in the genes that are responsible for the production of proteins necessary for the function and structure of the peripheral nerves. It is characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness in the feet, legs, hands, and arms and loss of sensation in the limbs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C75467
reference: NCIT:C75467

Chicken
type: Class
subclass of: White meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
PMID: PMID:18300717
synonyms: Biddy
synonyms: Chick
synonyms: Chook
synonyms: Cock
synonyms: Hen
synonyms: Rooster
synonyms: chicken meat
synonyms: chickens
synonyms: consumption of chicken
definition: A whole chicken. A chicken which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411457
description: >= 4 servings/week: Mortality(RR(95%CI)): 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) The strongest finding was an inverse association between chicken consumption and risk of ALS. [url: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18300717]
reference: FOODON:03411457

Childhood onset dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: childhood onset symptomatic dystonia
synonyms: childhood-onset dystonia
synonyms: childhood-onset generalized dystonia
synonyms: early onset dystonia
is defined by: Early-onset generalized dystonia is characterized by the twisting of the limbs, specifically the foot and leg or hand and arm. The spasms may spread to involve twisting contractions of other parts of the body.

Classical essential tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: classical ET
is defined by: A monosymptomatic, predominant postural and action tremor that is usually slowly progressive over time.

Coffee drinking
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Coffee
synonyms: Coffee (substance)
synonyms: caffeine consumption
synonyms: coffee intake
synonyms: coffeine
synonyms: coffeine intake
definition: A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE unless it is decaffeinated. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003069
reference: mesh:D003069

Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
definition: There is a well-established link between ALS and behavioral and cognitive dysfunction that may precede or follow the onset of motor dysfunction. Common behavioral changes include: ●Apathy ●Loss of empathy ●Changes in eating behaviors ●Disinhibition ●Perseveration or compulsive behaviors The pattern of cognitive impairment includes problems with executive function, language, grammar, and verbal fluency with relative sparing of memory and visuospatial function. While most patients with ALS do not have overt dementia, some degree of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction is present in approximately one-third to one-half of patients and becomes increasingly common with advancing disease. In a cross-sectional study of 161 patients with ALS, the rate of ALS-specific cognitive impairment ranged from 18 percent among patients with mild or early features to 39 percent among those with advanced disease (eg, nutritional or respiratory failure). Behavioral impairment was present in 18 percent of patients with early disease and 65 percent of those with advanced disease. Bulbar dysfunction is an independent predictor of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Approximately 15 percent of patients with ALS meet criteria for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Core features include a combination of disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy, perseveration, hyperorality, and executive dysfunction. Bulbar motor symptoms are common in these patients. Retrospective data suggest that ALS with FTD may be associated with shorter survival than ALS with normal executive and behavioral function. Depression and hopelessness are also common in patients with ALS. In a meta-analysis of 46 studies, the pooled prevalence of depression among patients with ALS was 34 percent but varied by severity and assessment tool used. In a cohort of over 900 patients, the prevalence of moderate depression assessed by patient questionnaire was 33 percent, while prevalence estimates acquired from structured interviews of patients…

Cognitive decline
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: Parkinson's dementia
synonyms: Parkinson's disease dementia
synonyms: cognitive impairment
synonyms: dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
synonyms: dementia in Parkinson's disease
is defined by: COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT severe enough to interfere with everyday activities and functions. Dementia includes dysfunctions of memory, logic, reasoning, and analytical thinking.

Comorbidity
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Comorbidity
synonyms: co-morbid conditions
synonyms: co-morbidities
synonyms: co-morbidity
synonyms: comorbidities
synonyms: medical comorbidities
definition: The coexistence of two or more disease processes. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16457]
reference: NCIT:C16457

Compulsive eating
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Factor, S. A. (2008). Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and clinical management. W. J. Weiner (Ed.). New York: Demos.
synonyms: binge eating
synonyms: compulsive foraging
is defined by: An uncontrollable consumption of a larger amount of food than normal in excess of than necessary to alleviate hunger.

Compulsive shopping
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Factor, S. A. (2008). Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and clinical management. W. J. Weiner (Ed.). New York: Demos.
is defined by: Maladaptive shopping behaviors that result in negative consequences.

Condiment
type: Class
subclass of: Food
synonyms: Condiments
synonyms: flavoring
synonyms: seasoner
synonyms: seasoning
definition: Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003212
reference: mesh:D003212

Congenital Abnormality
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Birth Defect
synonyms: CONGENITAL DEFECT/DEFORMITY
synonyms: Congenital Anatomic Abnormality
synonyms: Congenital Anatomical Abnormality
synonyms: Congenital Anomalies of Fetus
synonyms: Congenital Anomaly
synonyms: Congenital Anomaly or Birth Defect
synonyms: Congenital Defect
synonyms: Congenital Defect/Deformity
synonyms: Congenital Deformity
synonyms: Congenital Malformation
synonyms: DEFECT/DEFORMITY, CONGENITAL
definition: Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2849
reference: NCIT:C2849

Constipation
type: Class
subclass of: Autonomic dysfunction
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Difficulty and delay in bowel movements. Constipation is an early but inconclusive symptom of Parkinson’s that tends to become more severe as the disease progresses.

Continual dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Dystonia
disjoint with: Fluctuating dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: continual muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive motions.

Contraceptive pills
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Agents, Contraceptive
synonyms: Contraceptive Agents
definition: Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003270
reference: mesh:D003270

Cranial dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Segmental dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Cranial dystonia is a broad description for dystonia that affects any part of the head.

Craving
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
is defined by: Impulse control problem with eating or consuming medications.

Cream cheese
type: Class
subclass of: Dairy products
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:12447934
synonyms: cheese
synonyms: cream cheese spread
definition: Soft unripened cheese made of sweet milk and cream http://snomed.info/id/226849005
description: >1 servings/week: RR(95%CI): 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) Among men, PD risk increased significantly with greater intakes of cream cheese, other cheese, and sour cream, and marginally with skim or low fat milk intake
reference: SNOMED:226849005

Crural dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Segmental dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Dystonia in one leg plus trunk or both legs.

Current drinker
type: Class
subclass of: Alcohol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:22791740
PMID: PMID:26952952
PMID: PMID:28946566
definition: An individual who drinks at least once per week with regularity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C126383
description: Alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ALS[0.52(0.4, 0.75)], further corroborating the role of lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis of ALS.
description: Any alcoholic beverages: OR(95%CI): 5.00(2.84, 8.81) PD was found to be positively associated with coffee and alcohol consumption.
description: The risk of FTD was decreased by alcohol consumption (adj. OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.63); risk reduction was significant in current alcohol consumers (adj. OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.52).
reference: Current drinker of alcohol
reference: NCIT:C126383

Cycling
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
synonyms: bicycling
synonyms: biking
reference: XCO:0000062
label: The action of riding on a stationary or moving vehicle with wheels that is propelled by the movement of a person's legs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000062

DAB1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: disabled (Drosophila) homolog 1|disabled homolog 1 (Drosophila)|Dab reelin signal transducer 1|Dab, reelin signal transducer, homolog 1 (Drosophila)|DAB1, reelin adaptor protein
synonyms: yotari
chromosome location: 1p32.2
definition: DAB adaptor protein 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2661

DAPK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DAPK
synonyms: death-associated protein kinase 1
chromosome location: 9q21.33
definition: death associated protein kinase 1
gene group: Ankyrin repeat domain containing|Death associated protein kinases|ROCO family
gene group id: 403|1021|1421
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2674

DBH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DBM
synonyms: dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
synonyms: dopamine beta-monooxygenase
chromosome location: 9q34.2
definition: dopamine beta-hydroxylase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2689

DCC
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: IGDCC1|NTN1R1
synonyms: deleted in colorectal carcinoma
synonyms: immunoglobulin superfamily, DCC subclass, member 1
chromosome location: 18q21.2
definition: DCC netrin 1 receptor
gene group: Fibronectin type III domain containing|I-set domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 555|593|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2701

DCUN1D1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 1 (S. cerevisiae)
synonyms: RP42|SCRO|DCUN1L1|Tes3|SCCRO
synonyms: squamous cell carcinoma related oncogene
chromosome location: 3q26.33
definition: defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18184

DDC
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: AADC
synonyms: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
chromosome location: 7p12.2-p12.1
definition: dopa decarboxylase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2719

DDIT4L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4-like
synonyms: REDD2|Rtp801L
synonyms: regulated in development and DNA damage response 2|similar to Smhs1 protein
chromosome location: 4q24
definition: DNA damage inducible transcript 4 like
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30555

DGCR8
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: C22orf12
synonyms: DGCRK6|Gy1|pasha
synonyms: chromosome 22 open reading frame 12|DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8|DGCR8, microprocessor complex subunit
chromosome location: 22q11.21
definition: DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2847

DHCR7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SLOS
synonyms: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
chromosome location: 11q13.4
definition: 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2860

DHTKD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex component E1
synonyms: KIAA1630|MGC3090|DKFZP762M115|CMT2Q|OADC-E1|OADH-E1|E1a
chromosome location: 10p14
definition: dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1
gene group: Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase family
gene group id: 1666
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23537

DISC1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: disrupted in schizophrenia 1
chromosome location: 1q42.2
definition: DISC1 scaffold protein
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2888

DLD
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DLDH|E3|OGDC-E3
synonyms: LAD|GCSL
synonyms: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxo-glutarate complex, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex)
synonyms: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E3, 2-oxo-glutarate complex, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex, glycine cleavage system protein L
chromosome location: 7q31.1
definition: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
gene group: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex|Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex|Flavoproteins
gene group id: 1547|2022|2258
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2898

DMRT2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: terra-like protein
chromosome location: 9p24.3
definition: doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2935

DPP6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: DPPX|DPL1
synonyms: dipeptidylpeptidase VI|dipeptidylpeptidase 6|dipeptidyl-peptidase 6|dipeptidyl peptidase 6
chromosome location: 7q36.2
definition: dipeptidyl peptidase like 6
gene group: Potassium voltage-gated channel regulatory subunits|DASH family
gene group id: 858|1205
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3010

DPYSL3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: DRP-3|ULIP|CRMP4
synonyms: dihydropyrimidinase-like 3
chromosome location: 5q32
definition: dihydropyrimidinase like 3
gene group: M38 metallopeptidases
gene group id: 1446
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3015

DRD2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: D2R
synonyms: dopamine D2 receptor
chromosome location: 11q23.2
definition: dopamine receptor D2
gene group: Dopamine receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 181|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3023

DRD4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
chromosome location: 11p15.5
definition: dopamine receptor D4
gene group: Dopamine receptors
gene group id: 181
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3025

DUSP10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: MKP-5|MKP5
chromosome location: 1q41
definition: dual specificity phosphatase 10
gene group: MAP kinase phosphatases
gene group id: 895
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3065

DYNC2I1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: FLJ10300|FAP163|CFAP163|DIC6
synonyms: WD repeat domain 60
synonyms: WDR60
chromosome location: 7q36.3
definition: dynein 2 intermediate chain 1
gene group: Cilia and flagella associated WD repeat domain containing Dynein 2 complex subunits
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21862

DYRK1A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DYRK1|DYRK|MNBH
synonyms: dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A|dual specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A
chromosome location: 21q22.13
definition: dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A
gene group: Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase family
gene group id: 3521
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3091

Dairy products
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Dairy Product
synonyms: Dairy foods
definition: Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003611
description: higher dairy intake: OR(95% CI): 1.7(1.12-2.60) our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997937/] >502 g/day: RR(95%CI): 1.6 (1.0, 2.5) These data suggest that dairy consumption may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, particularly in men. More studies are needed to further examine these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17272289/] >2.9 servings/day: RR(95%CI): 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) Our results suggest that higher intake of dairy products may increase the risk of PD in men. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12447934/]
reference: mesh:D003611

Dance
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Ballet
synonyms: Dance, Hip-Hop
synonyms: Dance, Jazz
synonyms: Dance, Modern
synonyms: Dance, Square
synonyms: Dance, Tap
synonyms: Dancing
synonyms: Dancing, Salsa
synonyms: Square Dance
definition: Rhythmic and patterned body movements which are usually performed to music. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003615
reference: mesh:D003615

Daytime sleepiness
type: Class
subclass of: Sleep disturbance
reference: Knie, B., Mitra, M. T., Logishetty, K., & Chaudhuri, K. R. (2011). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson’s disease. CNS drugs, 25(3), 203-212.
synonyms: EDS
synonyms: daytime somnolence
synonyms: excessive daytime sleepiness
synonyms: somnolence
is defined by: Inappropriate and undesirable sleepiness during waking hours and ia a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease, affecting up to 50% of patients.

Delusion
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A false belief that something is real although in fact it is untrue or imagined.

Demographic characteristics
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
synonyms: Demographic Data
synonyms: baseline demographic characteristics
synonyms: demographic characteristics
synonyms: demographic data
definition: Characteristics of subjects or study populations, which include such information as age, sex, family history of the disease or condition for which they are being treated, and other characteristics relevant to the study in which they are participating. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142508
reference: NCIT:C142401
reference: NCIT:C142508

Depression
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: neurological and physiological symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: DEPRESSION
synonyms: Depression (mood)
synonyms: depression
synonyms: sadness
definition: Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
reference: HP:0000716

Destination hesitation
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing

Diabetes
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: DM
synonyms: diabetes
synonyms: diabetes mellitus
synonyms: diabetics
definition: A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2985]
reference: DOID:9351
reference: MESH:D003920
reference: NCIT:C2985
reference: SNOMED:267467004
reference: UMLS:C0011849

Diet
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: Dietary
synonyms: diet
definition: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004032
definition: The customary allowance of food and drink taken by a person or an animal from day to day, particularly one especially planned to meet specific requirements of the individual, including or excluding certain items of food; a prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes or selected with reference to a particular state of health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15222
reference: Diets
reference: NCIT:C15222
reference: mesh:D004032

Dietary pattern
type: Class
subclass of: Diet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Dietary Patterns
synonyms: Food Consumption Patterns
synonyms: Food Patterns
definition: Foods and beverages that an individual or group of humans or animals habitually consume. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000095362
definition: The types of food combinations that are commonly eaten by a population. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16045
reference: NCIT:C16045
reference: mesh:D000095362

Diffuse pain
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
synonyms: Diseases
definition: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004194
reference: mesh:D004194

Disease history
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
reference: SNOMED:312850006

Diseases of the respiratory system
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: disease or disorder of respiratory system
synonyms: disorder of respiratory system
synonyms: respiratory system disease
synonyms: respiratory system disease or disorder
definition: A body system disease that occurs in different organs functioning in respiration and consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system. Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, lung adenoma, lung carcinoma, and tracheal carcinoma. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000684
reference: EFO:0000684

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: O’Sullivan, S. S., Evans, A. H., & Lees, A. J. (2009). Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome. CNS drugs, 23(2), 157-170.
synonyms: DDS
is defined by: Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a relatively recently described iatrogenic disturbance that may complicate long-term symptomatic therapy of Parkinson's disease. Patients with DDS develop an addictive pattern of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) use, administering doses in excess of those required to control their motor symptoms.

Drinks
type: Class
subclass of: Diet
synonyms: Drink
definition: A single serving of a beverage; any liquid suitable for drinking. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C86036
reference: NCIT:C86036

Dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Difficulties with speech that are the result of BRADYKINESIA involving the muscles of the mouth, throat, and chest.

Dysarthria and dysphagia
type: Class
subclass of: Bulbar dysfunction
definition: Dysarthria and dysphagia are the most common bulbar motor neuron symptoms and may be due either to UMN or LMN dysfunction. Dysarthria is frequently the initial bulbar symptom in ALS, but some patients may present with both dysarthria and dysphagia. Dysarthria may result from LMN weakness of the lips, tongue, or palate. The speech is usually slurred and may have a nasal quality. Hoarseness may be present due to associated vocal cord weakness. UMN or spastic dysarthria produces a characteristically strained vocal quality with slow speech. The presence of both UMN and LMN features of dysarthria is a common bulbar finding suggestive of ALS. Dysphagia results from tongue weakness with disruption of the oral phase of swallowing, pharyngeal constrictor weakness with disruption of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, or both. Tongue weakness may lead to pocketing of food between the cheeks and gums. Tongue fasciculations may be seen in more than 50 percent. Pharyngeal weakness often manifests as coughing and choking on food, liquids, or secretions such as saliva or mucus. Aspiration may occur. UMN dysphagia results from slow and discoordinated contraction of the swallowing muscles, which may lead to coughing and choking. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Dysexecutive syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Ceravolo, R., Pagni, C., Tognoni, G., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012). The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of dysexecutive syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in neurology, 3.
is defined by: A poorly defined nosological entity, which may be caused by various diseases. According to diagnostic criteria proposed by Godefroy et al. (2010), dysexecutive syndrome includes cognitive (e.g., deficits in response inhibition, set-shifting, and information generation) and/or behavioral (e.g., apathy, distractibility, perseverative behavior) alterations.

Dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
synonyms: dyskinesias
synonyms: dyskinetic movements
is defined by: Abnormal dystonic and choreoathetoid involuntary movements that may occur spontaneously after a sudden voluntary movement, after prolonged physical exertion, or during sleep.

Dyslipidemia
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: A lipoprotein metabolism disorder characterized by decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, or elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and/or triglycerides. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C80385]
reference: NCIT:C80385
reference: UMLS:C4229397
reference: dyslipidaemia
reference: dyslipidemia

Dysphagia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Parkinson's Disease. Second Edition. Edited by Manuchair Ebadi and Ronald F . Pfeiffer. CRC Press 2013.
synonyms: swallowing difficulty
synonyms: swallowing disorder
is defined by: Dysphagia is defined as impaired swallowing, which can occur any where from the mouth to the stomach.

Dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Dystonia is defined as a neurological syndrome characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned and often repetitive muscle contractions of opposing muscles causing twisting movements or abnormal postures.

Dystonic tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Other essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: It is defined as a postural/kinetic tremor usually not seen during complete rest and occuring in an extremity or body part that is affected by dystonia.

EFEMP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DHRD|FBNL
synonyms: EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1|fibrillin-like|EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1|EGF containing fibulin like extracellular matrix protein 1
synonyms: S1-5|FBLN3|MTLV
synonyms: fibulin 3
chromosome location: 2p16.1
definition: EGF-like fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1
gene group: Fibulins
gene group id: 556
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3218

EIF2AK3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: PEK|PERK
synonyms: PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase|pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase|PKR-like ER kinase
chromosome location: 2p11.2
definition: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3
gene group: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinases
gene group id: 2124
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3255

ENST00000414107
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease

EPHA7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: EphA7
synonyms: Hek11
chromosome location: 6q16.1
definition: EPH receptor A7
gene group: Sterile alpha motif domain containing|EPH receptors
gene group id: 760|1095
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3390

ESR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ER|NR3A1|Era|ER-alpha
synonyms: ESR
synonyms: nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1|estrogen receptor alpha|oestrogen receptor alpha|E2 receptor alpha|estradiol receptor
chromosome location: 6q25.1-q25.2
definition: estrogen receptor 1
gene group: Estrogen receptors
gene group id: 2077
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3467

ESR2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ER beta|estrogen receptor beta|oestrogen receptor beta|nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 2
synonyms: NR3A2|Erb|ER-beta
synonyms: estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)
chromosome location: 14q23.2-q23.3
definition: estrogen receptor 2
gene group: Estrogen receptors
gene group id: 2077
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3468

EXOC1L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Fatal Familial Insomnia
chromosome location: 4q12
definition: exocyst complex component 1 like
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:53433

EXOC3L2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ36147|XTP7
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: exocyst complex component 3 like 2
gene group: Armadillo like helical domain containing
gene group id: 1492
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30162

Education
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: Educational
synonyms: Educational Activity
synonyms: Educational Status
synonyms: education
definition: The activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16529
reference: NCIT:C16529

Education Level
type: Class
subclass of: Education
synonyms: EDULEVEL
synonyms: Education Level Completed
synonyms: Educational Attainment
synonyms: Educational Level
synonyms: Level of Education Attained
synonyms: education level
synonyms: education_level
definition: An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17953
reference: NCIT:C17953

egg
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: eggs
definition: The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000369
reference: BTO:0000369

End of dose
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA
is defined by: Effects of chronic levodopa administration in the treatment of Parkinson disease indicating deterioration of function.

Environment
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
synonyms: environmental factor
synonyms: environmental risk factor
definition: Health hazards at home, in the work place, or in nature (e.g., infectious agents, irritants, respiratory fibrotic agents, asphyxiants, allergens, metabolic poisons, physical agents, mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens). (Winett et al: Health Psychology and Public Health) [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18244]
reference: EFO:0000469
reference: NCIT:C18244

Enzyme
type: Class
subclass of: Biologically Active Substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Enzymes
synonyms: enzyme
definition: Molecules that catalyze a chemical reaction. They are usually proteins, although catalytic RNA and DNA molecules have been identified. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16554
definition: NCIT:C16554

Epidemiological factors
type: Class
subclass of: Influencing factor
disjoint with: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: Epidemiological factor
definition: The study of the causes, incidence and distribution of disease in the population and its application for prevention or control. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16556
reference: NCIT:C16556

Essential tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: ET
is defined by: A tremor syndrome that is classically defined by an often hereditary monosymptomic tremor.

Ethnicity
type: Class
subclass of: Demographic characteristics
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Ethnic Group
synonyms: Ethnic Groups
synonyms: Nationalities
synonyms: Nationality
synonyms: Race
synonyms: race
definition: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006
reference: mesh:D005006

Excessive sweating
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Excessive and even drenching episodes of sweating are common in Parkinson’s, particularly in mid to late stages of the disease, when OFFSTATES begin to occur. Excessive sweating can be a consequence of damage to the autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM as Parkinson’s progresses or a side effect of ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS.

Exertion-induced dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dyskinesia
reference: Attacks of abnormal involuntary movements precipitated by prolonged physical exertion.
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
synonyms: PED
synonyms: exercise induced dyskinesia
synonyms: exercise-induced dyskinesia

Exposure
type: Class
subclass of: Environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: exposure
definition: The act of subjecting someone or something to an influencing experience. E.g. exposure to cigarette smoke. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17941
reference: EFO:0000487
reference: NCIT:C17941

Extract of botanical
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Botanical extract
synonyms: Herbal Medicinal Products
definition: Yeast, algae, or fungus based dietary supplement. LanguaL curation note: Use for supplements based on plants, yeast, algae, and fungi (index in facet B). If the supplement also contains vitamins or minerals use the appropriate descriptor under * DIETARY SUPPLEMENT, COMBINATION*. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401306
reference: FOODON:03401306

FAM107B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C10orf45
synonyms: FLJ45505|MGC11034|HITS
synonyms: chromosome 10 open reading frame 45|family with sequence similarity 107, member B
synonyms: heat shock-inducible tumor small protein
chromosome location: 10p13
definition: family with sequence similarity 107 member B
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23726

FAM47E
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ42946|LOC100129583
synonyms: family with sequence similarity 47, member E
synonyms: similar to genethonin 1
chromosome location: 4q21.1
definition: family with sequence similarity 47 member E
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:34343

FGF1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: AFGF|ECGF|ECGFA|ECGFB|HBGF1|ECGF-beta|FGF-alpha|GLIO703
synonyms: FGFA
synonyms: fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic)
synonyms: heparin-binding growth factor 1|endothelial cell growth factor, alpha|endothelial cell growth factor, beta
chromosome location: 5q31.3
definition: fibroblast growth factor 1
gene group: Receptor ligands|Fibroblast growth factor family
gene group id: 542|1895
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3665

FGF20
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
chromosome location: 8p22
definition: fibroblast growth factor 20
gene group: Fibroblast growth factor family
gene group id: 1895
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3677

FOXN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FKHL20
synonyms: WHN|RONU
synonyms: winged-helix nude|Rowett nude
chromosome location: 17q11.2
definition: forkhead box N1
gene group: Forkhead boxes
gene group id: 508
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12765

FRMD4A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FERM domain containing 4
synonyms: FLJ10210|KIAA1294|bA295P9.4
synonyms: FRMD4
chromosome location: 10p13
definition: FERM domain containing 4A
gene group: FERM domain containing
gene group id: 1293
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25491

FUS
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: ALS6
synonyms: TLS|FUS1|hnRNP-P2|HNRNPP2
synonyms: fusion, derived from t(12;16) malignant liposarcoma|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6|fusion (involved in t(12;16) in malignant liposarcoma)|fused in sarcoma
synonyms: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein P2|translocated in liposarcoma
chromosome location: 16p11.2
definition: FUS RNA binding protein
gene group: Zinc fingers RANBP2-type|RNA binding motif containing|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins|FET protein family
gene group id: 89|725|1950|3416
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4010

FZD3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Frizzled-3
synonyms: Fz-3
synonyms: frizzled (Drosophila) homolog 3|frizzled homolog 3 (Drosophila)|frizzled 3, seven transmembrane spanning receptor|frizzled family receptor 3
chromosome location: 8p21.1
definition: frizzled class receptor 3
gene group: G protein-coupled receptors, Class F frizzled
gene group id: 286
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4041

FZR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: CDC20 homolog 1
synonyms: HCDH1|CDH1|HCDH|FZR|FZR2|KIAA1242|CDC20C
synonyms: fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1 (Drosophila)|fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: fizzy and cell division cycle 20 related 1
gene group: WD repeat domain containing
gene group id: 362
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24824

Facial muscle weakness
type: Class
subclass of: Bulbar dysfunction
definition: Weakness of the muscles of the upper face may produce incomplete eye closure. Lower facial weakness is more common and may result in a poor lip seal that may contribute to dysarthria or to drooling and sialorrhea, particularly in patients with associated swallowing difficulty. Masseter muscle weakness can cause difficulty chewing; when severe, it may produce an inability to close the mouth. By contrast, weakness of the pterygoids may produce difficulty opening the mouth and moving the jaw from side to side. Severe weakness of both muscle groups may lead to disarticulation of the temporomandibular joint. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Falls
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Falls are most likely to occur during changes in position— from sitting to standing, from standing to walking, when changing direction during movement, and from walking to sitting.

Fat intake
type: Class
subclass of: Dietary pattern
disjoint with: Mediterranean diet
synonyms: Dietary fat intake
synonyms: Triglyceride
synonyms: fat intake measurement
definition: Fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C906
definition: Quantification of the fat intake of an individual. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0010809
reference: EFO:0010809
reference: NCIT:C906

Fatty acids
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Fatty Acid
synonyms: Fatty Acids
synonyms: Fatty acid
synonyms: fatty acid
definition: Monobasic, aliphatic acids with varying chain lengths between 6 and 30. Fatty acids are a major constituent in all fats and can be either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are synthesized by the body, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids are not and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI) A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C492
reference: NCIT:C492

Festination
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: The Latin origin of the word festination means “to hasten,” as a person with this gait disturbance appears to do. A festinating gait consists of short, increasingly rapid steps with a marked forward lean, as though the person is about to break into a run.

Fiber
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Dietary Fiber
synonyms: Fibers
synonyms: Fibra
synonyms: fiber
synonyms: fibers
synonyms: fibre
definition: Compounds in food which are not digested by the digestive processes in the human stomach or small intestine.; In food, fiber is the part of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains that cannot be digested. The fiber in food may help prevent cancer. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C68492
reference: NCIT:C68492

Fig
type: Class
subclass of: Fruit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:25050360
synonyms: Ficus carica
synonyms: common fig
synonyms: figs
definition: 4% figs treated AD Tg mice significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls and restoration of antioxidant status.
definition: Fruits with edible peel from the plant classified under the species Ficus carica L., commonly known as Figs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03541647
reference: FOODON:03541647

Fish
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:12873849
PMID: PMID:32019087
synonyms: edible fish
synonyms: fish consumption
synonyms: fish intake
definition: A grouping of jawed and jawless vertebrate animals usually having fins and a covering of scales or plates, breathing by means of gills, and living almost entirely in the water. CDISC Definition: Any jawed or jawless organisms in the phylum Chordata including the jawless fish, armored fish, cartilaginous fish, ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish" https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14207
description: Overall fish consumption: OR(95% CI): 0.27(0.12-0.60) Conversely, there was a suggestion of an inverse association with overall fish consumption. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019087] Once per week fish consumption: RR(95%CI): 0.5(0.2, 1) Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and weekly consumption of fish may reduce the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12873849]
reference: NCIT:C14207

Fluctuating dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: diurnal fluctuation
is defined by: Variation in the severity of dystonia in the course of the day.

Fluctuation
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Jankovic, J. (2005). Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical manifestations. Movement Disorders, 20(S11), S11-S16.
is defined by: luctuations in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as wearing-off and on-off effects, and dyskinesias are related to a variety of factors, including duration and dosage of levodopa, age at onset, stress, sleep, food intake, and other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms.

Focal dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: http://www.dystonia-foundation.org/
is defined by: Focal dystonias are adult-onset forms that affects a specific area of the body.

Food
type: Class
subclass of: Diet
synonyms: Foods
synonyms: Foodstuff
synonyms: food groups
synonyms: food intake
definition: A group of materials of either plant, animal or artificial origin containing essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62695
reference: NCIT:C62695

Food additives
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Nutrition, Food Additives
synonyms: food additive
definition: Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005503
reference: mesh:D005503

Foot drag
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: People with Parkinson’s often drag one foot or sometimes both feet, depending on whether movement dysfunctions are unilateral (primarily affect one side) or bilateral (affect both sides). Foot drag involves both MOTOR and PROPRIOCEPTION dysfunctions.

Foot dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Focal dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Foot dystonia is uncontrollable and often painful muscle contractions in the foot which causes a twisting or turning in of the foot.

Football
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
synonyms: American Football
synonyms: Football, American
definition: A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field.This is the American version of the game. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER). http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005538
reference: mesh:D005538

Freezing
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: FOG
synonyms: freezing of gait
synonyms: gait and freezing
synonyms: gait freezing
synonyms: gait-related mobility
synonyms: magnetic feet
synonyms: motor blocks
is defined by: Freezing is a form of akinesia and is one of the most disabling symptoms of PD and has five subtypes.

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
type: Class
subclass of: TDP-43 Proteinopathies
synonyms: Degeneration, Frontotemporal Lobar
synonyms: Degenerations, Frontotemporal Lobar
synonyms: FTLD
synonyms: FTLDs
synonyms: Frontotemporal Lobar Degenerations
synonyms: Lobar Degeneration, Frontotemporal
synonyms: Lobar Degenerations, Frontotemporal
definition: Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D057174
reference: mesh:D057174

Fruit
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: OR
  some values from: rational
PMID: PMID:23710627
PMID: PMID:25408208
synonyms: FRUIT, UNSPECIFIED
synonyms: Fructus/Fruit
synonyms: Fruits
definition: A structure consisting of the fertilized and mature ovules ("seeds") and the ovary wall, which may be fleshy (as in the apple) or dry and hard (as in a maple fruit. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C71972
description: > 21 serving/week: OR(95%CI): 0.265 (0.11, 0.65) The intake of fruits and beta-carotene decreases the risk of sporadic ALS in this present study. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23710627]
description: >= 3 pieces/day: Mortality(HR(95%CI)): 0.39(0.22, 0.67) 2-3 pieces/day: Mortality(HR(95%CI)): 0.60(0.39, 0.91) Exercise, statin, and fruit intake were associated with lower risk for AD mortality. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25408208]
reference: NCIT:C71972

Fungus
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FUNGI
synonyms: FUNGUS
synonyms: Fungi
synonyms: fungi
synonyms: fungus
synonyms: funguses
definition: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies (mushrooms and molds). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C14209
reference: NCIT:C14209

GAB2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Grb2-associated binder 2
synonyms: KIAA0571
chromosome location: 11q14.1
definition: GRB2 associated binding protein 2
gene group: Pleckstrin homology domain containing
gene group id: 682
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14458

GAL3ST1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: CST
synonyms: cerebroside (3' phosphoadenylylsulfate:galactosylceramide 3') sulfotransferase|galactosylceramide sulfotransferase
chromosome location: 22q12.2
definition: galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1
gene group: Sulfotransferases, membrane bound
gene group id: 763
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24240

GALNT17
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: GALNTL3|GalNAc-T5L|GalNAc-T19|GalNAc-T17|ppGalNAc-T17
synonyms: WBSCR17
synonyms: Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 17
chromosome location: 7q11.22
definition: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17
gene group: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases MicroRNA protein coding host genes
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16347

GALR3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 22q13.1
definition: galanin receptor 3
gene group: Galanin receptors
gene group id: 226
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4134

GAMT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PIG2|TP53I2
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
gene group: 7BS small molecule methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
gene group id: 2063|3372
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4136

GARIN5B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: C19orf16|FAM71E2
synonyms: DKFZp434G1729
synonyms: chromosome 19 open reading frame 16|family with sequence similarity 71, member E2|family with sequence similarity 71 member E2
chromosome location: 19q13.42
definition: golgi associated RAB2 interactor family member 5B
gene group: Golgi associated RAB2 interactor family
gene group id: 2323
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25278

GARS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: CMT2D|GARS
synonyms: Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy 2D|glycyl-tRNA synthetase
synonyms: GlyRS|DSMAV|SMAD1
synonyms: glycine tRNA ligase
chromosome location: 7p14.3
definition: glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1
gene group: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, Class II
gene group id: 132
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4162

GBA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: GLUC|GBA
synonyms: glucocerebrosidase
synonyms: glucosylceramidase|glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)|glucosidase, beta, acid|glucosylceramidase beta
chromosome location: 1q22
definition: glucosylceramidase
gene group: Glycoside hydrolase family|Glucosylceramidases
gene group id: 1650|2092
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4177

GCH1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GCH|DYT5|DYT14
synonyms: GTPCH1|DYT5a
synonyms: dopa-responsive dystonia|GTP cyclohydrolase I
synonyms: dystonia 14
chromosome location: 14q22.2
definition: GTP cyclohydrolase 1
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4193

GLIS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: FLJ36155
synonyms: Gli-similar 1
chromosome location: 1p32.3
definition: GLIS family zinc finger 1
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type
gene group id: 28
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29525

GNA13P1
type: Class
subclass of: pseudo gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Fatal Familial Insomnia
chromosome location: 2p12
definition: GNA13 pseudogene 1
reference: HGNC:54705

GOLGA8B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 8B|golgin A8 family, member B
chromosome location: 15q14
definition: golgin A8 family member B
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Golgin related
gene group id: 1691|1856
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:31973

GOLM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: GOLPH2|C9orf155
synonyms: GP73|FLJ23608|bA379P1.3
synonyms: golgi phosphoprotein 2|chromosome 9 open reading frame 155
chromosome location: 9q21.33
definition: golgi membrane protein 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15451

GOLPH2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: golgi membrane protein

GORASP2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GRASP55|GRS2|GOLPH6
synonyms: golgi reassembly stacking protein 2, 55 kDa|golgi reassembly stacking protein 2, 55kDa
chromosome location: 2q31.1
definition: golgi reassembly stacking protein 2
gene group: PDZ domain containing
gene group id: 1220
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17500

GP1BA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: CD42b|GPIbalpha
synonyms: GP1B
synonyms: glycoprotein Ib (platelet), alpha polypeptide
synonyms: platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain
chromosome location: 17p13.2
definition: glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha
gene group: CD molecules
gene group id: 471
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4439

GP6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: GPVI
synonyms: glycoprotein VI (platelet)
synonyms: platelet glycoprotein VI
chromosome location: 19q13.42
definition: glycoprotein VI platelet
gene group: Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Ig-like cell adhesion molecule family
gene group id: 594|1410
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14388

GPIHBP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GPI anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1
synonyms: LOC338328|GPI-HBP1
synonyms: endothelial cell LPL transporter
chromosome location: 8q24.3
definition: glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1
gene group: LY6/PLAUR domain containing
gene group id: 1226
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24945

GPR37
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: EDNRBL|hET(B)R-LP|PAELR
synonyms: G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelin receptor type B-like)
synonyms: endothelin receptor type B-like
chromosome location: 7q31.33
definition: G protein-coupled receptor 37
gene group: G protein-coupled receptors, Class A orphans
gene group id: 262
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4494

GRIN2A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: GluN2A|NR2A
synonyms: NMDAR2A
synonyms: glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A
chromosome location: 16p13.2
definition: glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A
gene group: Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunits
gene group id: 1201
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4585

GRN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: PCDGF|PGRN|CLN11
synonyms: progranulin
chromosome location: 17q21.31
definition: granulin precursor
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4601

GSN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DKFZp313L0718
synonyms: amyloidosis, Finnish type
synonyms: gelsolin (amyloidosis, Finnish type)
chromosome location: 9q33.2
definition: gelsolin
gene group: Gelsolin/villins
gene group id: 950
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4620

GSTM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GST1
synonyms: MU|H-B
synonyms: glutathione S-transferase M1
chromosome location: 1p13.3
definition: glutathione S-transferase mu 1
gene group: Soluble glutathione S-transferases
gene group id: 567
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4632

GSTO1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GSTTLp28|P28
chromosome location: 10q25.1
definition: glutathione S-transferase omega 1
gene group: Soluble glutathione S-transferases
gene group id: 567
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13312

GSTP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FAEES3|GST3
synonyms: GSTP
chromosome location: 11q13.2
definition: glutathione S-transferase pi 1
gene group: Soluble glutathione S-transferases
gene group id: 567
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4638

GSTT1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 22q11.23 alternate reference locus
definition: glutathione S-transferase theta 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4641

Gait disturbance
type: Class
subclass of: Akinesia
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: gait biomechanics
synonyms: gait difficulty
synonyms: gait disturbances
synonyms: gait dynamics
is defined by: It is a deviation from the normal pattern of movement in walking.

Gastrointestinal drugs
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Agents, Gastric
synonyms: Agents, Gastrointestinal
synonyms: Digestants
synonyms: Drugs, Gastric
synonyms: Gastric Agents
synonyms: Gastric Drugs
synonyms: Gastrointestinal Agents
definition: Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005765
reference: mesh:D005765

Gender
type: Class
subclass of: Demographic characteristics
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: sex
definition: The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28421]
reference: NCIT:C17357
reference: NCIT:C28421
reference: UMLS:C0079399

Genetic factor
type: Class
subclass of: Influencing factor
synonyms: Genetic factors
definition: Factors about genetic variation, DNA methylation and family history.
reference: NCIT:C17248
reference: NMR:1000859

Genital pain
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.

Grains
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Grain
synonyms: grain or grain product (eurofir)
synonyms: grain product
definition: This group includes: grains and their milled products obtained from members of the grass family; dough products obtained from grain, such as pasta and breads; breakfast cereals; savoury and sweet products and dishes in which grain products are considered the predominant constituent; substitute flours and other starch products obtained from non-cereal sources. It excludes sweet corn when eaten as a vegetable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400812
reference: FOODON:03400812

Green-yellow vegetables
type: Class
subclass of: Vegetable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
PMID: PMID:19342254
synonyms: Green/yellow vegetables
definition: Green/yellow vegetables Brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrots, celery, green beans, kale, spinach. [https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Green%2fyellow+vegetables]
definition: The greatest effect on risk for ALS was posed by the combination of a type A behavior pattern and less frequent intakes of green-yellow vegetables (adjusted OR, 11.2; 95% CI, 3.8 to 33.0)

HAP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HAP2
synonyms: HLP|hHLP1|HIP5
synonyms: huntingtin-associated protein 1
synonyms: neuroan 1
chromosome location: 17q21.2
definition: huntingtin associated protein 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4812

HEYL
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: bHLHb33|HEY3|HESR3
synonyms: hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 3
synonyms: hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like|hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif-like
chromosome location: 1p34.2
definition: hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif like
gene group: Basic helix-loop-helix proteins
gene group id: 420
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4882

HFE
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HLA-H|HFE1
synonyms: hemochromatosis
synonyms: high Fe
chromosome location: 6p22.2
definition: homeostatic iron regulator
gene group: C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4886

HIF3A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: IPAS|MOP7|PASD7|bHLHe17
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: hypoxia inducible factor 3 subunit alpha
gene group: Basic helix-loop-helix proteins|PAS domain containing
gene group id: 420|2127
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15825

HIP1R
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: KIAA0655|HIP3|HIP12|FLJ14000|ILWEQ
chromosome location: 12q24.31
definition: huntingtin interacting protein 1 related
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18415

HLA-A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 6p22.1
definition: major histocompatibility complex, class I, A
gene group: Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 588|591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4931

HLA-DQA2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: HLA-DXA
chromosome location: 6p21.32
definition: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2
gene group: Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 588|591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4943

HLA-DRA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: HLA-DRA1
chromosome location: 6p21.32
definition: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha
gene group: Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 588|591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4947

HLA-DRB1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HLA-DR1B
chromosome location: 6p21.32
definition: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1
gene group: Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 588|591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4948

HLA-DRB5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
chromosome location: 6p21.32
definition: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5
gene group: Histocompatibility complex|C1-set domain containing
gene group id: 588|591
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4953

HMCN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: ARMD1
synonyms: FBLN6|FIBL6|FIBL-6
synonyms: age-related macular degeneration 1 (senile macular degeneration)
synonyms: fibulin 6
chromosome location: 1q25.3-q31.1
definition: hemicentin 1
gene group: Fibulins|I-set domain containing
gene group id: 556|593
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:19194

HMGCR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase
synonyms: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase|3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (NADPH)
chromosome location: 5q13.3
definition: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5006

HNRNPA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: HNRPA1
synonyms: hnRNP-A1|ALS20
chromosome location: 12q13.13
definition: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
gene group: RNA binding motif containing|Spliceosomal A complex|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
gene group id: 725|1504|1950
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5031

HPF1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: C4orf27
synonyms: FLJ20534
synonyms: chromosome 4 open reading frame 27
chromosome location: 4q33
definition: histone PARylation factor 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26051

HSPA1A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HSP70-1
synonyms: HSPA1
synonyms: heat shock 70kD protein 1A|heat shock 70kDa protein 1A
chromosome location: 6p21.33
definition: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A
gene group: Heat shock 70kDa proteins|TIM23 complex
gene group id: 583|1552
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5232

HTRA2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: OMI|PARK13
synonyms: PRSS25
synonyms: protease, serine, 25
chromosome location: 2p13.1
definition: HtrA serine peptidase 2
gene group: Serine proteases|PDZ domain containing
gene group id: 738|1220
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14348

HTT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HD
synonyms: IT15
synonyms: huntingtin (Huntington disease)
chromosome location: 4p16.3
definition: huntingtin
gene group: Receptor ligands|Armadillo like helical domain containing
gene group id: 542|1492
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4851

HUS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: HUS1 (S. pombe) checkpoint homolog|HUS1 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)
synonyms: hus1+-like protein
chromosome location: 7p12.3
definition: HUS1 checkpoint clamp component
gene group: Checkpoint clamp complex
gene group id: 1339
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5309

Habit
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: Habits
synonyms: habit
definition: A pattern of repeat behavior requiring little conscious thought. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94571
reference: NCIT:C94571

Hallucination
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A sensory perception of an event that is not really occurring. Hallucinations can affect any or all of the five physical senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell). Hallucinations, usually visual, are common in Parkinson’s and can be side effects of ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS, particularly DOPAMINERGIC MEDICATIONS such as LEVODOPA and DOPAMINE AGONIST MEDICATIONS such as BROMOCRIPTINE and ROPINIROLE.

Health examination
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: Exam, Physical
synonyms: Examination, Physical
synonyms: Examinations, Physical
synonyms: Exams, Physical
synonyms: Physical Exam
synonyms: Physical Examination
synonyms: Physical Examinations
synonyms: Physical Examinations and Diagnoses
synonyms: Physical Exams
definition: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010808
reference: mesh:D010808

Height
type: Class
subclass of: Physical fitness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Body Height
synonyms: Height/Length
synonyms: Length/Height
synonyms: body height
synonyms: height
definition: The vertical measurement or distance from the base to the top of a subject or participant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C164634
reference: NCIT:C164634

Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
type: Class
subclass of: Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
synonyms: HMSN
synonyms: Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies
synonyms: Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy
synonyms: Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy
synonyms: Neuropathies, Hereditary Motor and Sensory
definition: A group of slowly progressive inherited disorders affecting motor and sensory peripheral nerves. Subtypes include HMSNs I-VII. HMSN I and II both refer to CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE. HMSN III refers to hypertrophic neuropathy of infancy. HMSN IV refers to REFSUM DISEASE. HMSN V refers to a condition marked by a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with spastic paraplegia (see SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA, HEREDITARY). HMSN VI refers to HMSN associated with an inherited optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY), and HMSN VII refers to HMSN associated with retinitis pigmentosa. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015417
reference: mesh:D015417

Hesitation in tight quarters
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing

High level of Education
type: Class
subclass of: Education Level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: high education
synonyms: higher level of educaion
definition: High/Higher level of education

Hormone
type: Class
subclass of: Biologically Active Substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: Endocrine Gland Secretion
synonyms: hormones
definition: One of many chemicals made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2315]
reference: NCIT:C2315
reference: NCIT:C74742
reference: UMLS:C0441683

Hot dog
type: Class
subclass of: Processed meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
type: NamedIndividual
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122
definition: A hot dog is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001009
description: >= 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 10.5 (1.2, 88.7) Consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.
reference: FOODON:00001009
reference: hot dog bun
reference: hotdog

Hsa-miR-181c-5p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-181c-5p
locus group: 22 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM378899.1

Hsa-miR-185-5p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-185-5p
locus group: 22 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM379073.1

Hsa-miR-20a-5p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-20a-5p
locus group: 23 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM378762.1

Hsa-miR-27a-3p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-27a-3p
locus group: 21 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM378771.1

Hsa-miR-320a
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: MIR320A
reference: HGNC:31632

Hsa-miR-451a
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: MIR451A
reference: HGNC:32053

Hsa-miR-497-5p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-497-5p.
locus group: 21 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM379777.1

Hsa-miR-664a-3p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-664a-3p
locus group: 23 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM380724.1

Hypersexuality
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
is defined by: Hypersexuality includes increased libido, increase in erection frequency, and increased sexually demanding behavior.

Hypertension
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: HTN
synonyms: high blood pressure
synonyms: hyperpiesia
synonyms: hypertension
synonyms: hypertensive disease
synonyms: vascular hypertensive disorder
definition: Blood pressure that is abnormally high. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3117]
reference: DOID:10763
reference: MESH:D006973
reference: SNOMED:38341003
reference: UMLS:C0020538

Hypnagogue
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Pharmaceutical Sleep Aids
synonyms: Pills, Sleeping
synonyms: Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical
synonyms: Sleep Inducers
synonyms: Sleep Promoting Agents
synonyms: Sleeping Pills
synonyms: dormitive
synonyms: sleeping pill
definition: Drugs used to induce SLEEP, prevent SLEEPLESSNESS, or treat SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000068776
reference: mesh:D000068776

Hypnogenic dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dyskinesia
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
synonyms: PHD
synonyms: paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia
is defined by: Attacks of abnormal involuntary movements occuring only during sleep.

Hypokinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003). Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron, 39(6), 889-909.
synonyms: hypokinesis
is defined by: Reduction in movement amplitude.

Hypomimia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: impairment of facial expression
is defined by: The clinical term for the composite of symptoms that includes reduced facial movements, slowed eye movements, slowed blinking, and reduced facial expression.

Hypophonia
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Reduced VOICE volume and strength that develops when Parkinson’s disease affects the muscles that control the vocal cords.

IDE
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: insulin-degrading enzyme
synonyms: insulysin
chromosome location: 10q23.33
definition: insulin degrading enzyme
gene group: M16 metallopeptidases
gene group id: 1440
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5381

IGFALS
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ALS
synonyms: insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit
chromosome location: 16p13.3
definition: insulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5468

IL10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: CSIF|TGIF|IL10A|IL-10
synonyms: cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor|T-cell growth inhibitory factor
chromosome location: 1q32.1
definition: interleukin 10
gene group: Interleukins
gene group id: 601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5962

IL12A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CLMF|IL-12A|p35|NFSK
synonyms: NKSF1
synonyms: interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35)
synonyms: natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, 35 kD subunit|cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35|interleukin 12, p35|IL-12, subunit p35|NF cell stimulatory factor chain 1|interleukin-12 alpha chain|IL35 subunit
chromosome location: 3q25.33
definition: interleukin 12A
gene group: Interleukins
gene group id: 601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5969

IL12B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CLMF|IL-12B|NKSF|CLMF2
synonyms: NKSF2
synonyms: interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)
synonyms: natural killer cell stimulatory factor-2|cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40|interleukin 12, p40|natural killer cell stimulatory factor, 40 kD subunit|interleukin-12 beta chain|IL12, subunit p40
chromosome location: 5q33.3
definition: interleukin 12B
gene group: Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Interleukins
gene group id: 594|601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5970

IL18
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: IGIF|IL1F4|IL-1g|IL-18
synonyms: interferon-gamma-inducing factor
synonyms: interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)
chromosome location: 11q23.1
definition: interleukin 18
gene group: Interleukins
gene group id: 601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5986

IL1A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: IL1
synonyms: IL1F1|IL-1A|IL1-ALPHA
synonyms: preinterleukin 1 alpha|hematopoietin-1|pro-interleukin-1-alpha
chromosome location: 2q14.1
definition: interleukin 1 alpha
gene group: Interleukins
gene group id: 601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5991

IL1B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: IL1F2|IL-1B|IL1-BETA
chromosome location: 2q14.1
definition: interleukin 1 beta
gene group: Interleukins
gene group id: 601
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5992

IMMP2L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: IMMP2L-IT1
synonyms: IMP2
synonyms: IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane protease-like (S. cerevisiae)|IMMP2L intronic transcript 1 (non-protein coding)|IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)
chromosome location: 7q31.1
definition: inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14598

INO80D
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20309
chromosome location: 2q33.3
definition: INO80 complex subunit D
gene group: INO80 complex
gene group id: 595
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25997

INPP5B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 75kD|inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 75kDa
synonyms: type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase
chromosome location: 1p34.3
definition: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase B
gene group: Phosphoinositide phosphatases
gene group id: 1079
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6077

INPP5D
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1
synonyms: SHIP|hp51CN|SHIP1
synonyms: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kD|inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kDa
chromosome location: 2q37.1
definition: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D
gene group: SH2 domain containing|Phosphoinositide phosphatases
gene group id: 741|1079
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6079

IRF2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
chromosome location: 4q35.1
definition: interferon regulatory factor 2
gene group: Interferon regulatory factors
gene group id: 1743
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6117

IRS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HIRS-1
chromosome location: 2q36.3
definition: insulin receptor substrate 1
gene group: Pleckstrin homology domain containing
gene group id: 682
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6125

ITGA2B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD41B|CD41|PPP1R93|GPIIb
synonyms: GP2B
synonyms: integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41B)|integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41)
synonyms: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 93|platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex|Integrin alpha-IIb
chromosome location: 17q21.31
definition: integrin subunit alpha 2b
gene group: CD molecules|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Integrin alpha subunits
gene group id: 471|694|1160
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6138

ITGA4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD49D
synonyms: CD49d
synonyms: antigen CD49D|alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor
synonyms: integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)
chromosome location: 2q31.3
definition: integrin subunit alpha 4
gene group: CD molecules|Integrin alpha subunits
gene group id: 471|1160
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6140

ITGB5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: integrin, beta 5
chromosome location: 3q21.2
definition: integrin subunit beta 5
gene group: Integrin beta subunits
gene group id: 1159
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6160

ITPR2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: IP3R2|CFAP48
synonyms: cilia and flagella associated protein 48
synonyms: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2|inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2
chromosome location: 12p11.23
definition: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2
gene group: Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors|Cilia and flagella associated
gene group id: 297|1491
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6181

Immunologic Factors
type: Class
subclass of: Biologically Active Substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Factor, Immune
synonyms: Factor, Immunological
synonyms: Factors, Immune
synonyms: Immune Factor
synonyms: Immune Factors
synonyms: Immunological Factor
synonyms: Immunomodulator
synonyms: Immunomodulators
definition: Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007155
reference: mesh:D007155

Impulsive behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: 1.Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376. 2.Parashos, S. A., Parashos, S., & Wichman, R. (2012). Navigating Life with Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press.
is defined by: Trying to move too quickly or engage in unsafe behaviors like climbing and overreaching.

Inability to communicate
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom of failure to communicate with others.
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23522497/

Inability to recognize oneself or family
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A cognitive symptom of failure to recognize oneself's or family member's identity
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22553492/

Incontinence
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: The inability to retain urine or feces. In the person with Parkinson’s, this usually results from the loss of muscle control of the sphincter muscles in the bladder and rectum, typically in later stages of the disease.

Infection
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Infection, NOS
definition: The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C128320
reference: NCIT:C128320

Inflammation
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: general symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: inflammatory
definition: A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3137]
reference: NCIT:C3137

Influencing factor
type: Class
subclass of: NDDRFO
synonyms: influencing factors
definition: Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000103]
reference: ExO:0000103

Inherited dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Dystonia that is passed on genetically from parent or ancestor to a child.

Intention tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Kinetic tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Intention tremor is present when the amplitude increases during visually guided movements toward a target.

Internal Organ Tissue
type: Class
subclass of: Meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: organ meat
synonyms: organ tissue
synonyms: organic food production
definition: Edible organ meat, including blood and bone marrow. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420218
reference: FOODON:03420218

Isolated chin tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Other essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: It is a rare, autosomal dominant hereditary tremor syndrome characterized by attacks of high-frequency tremor of the mentalis muscles or of the chin.

Isolated voice tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Other essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: A tremor which is limited to the voice.

Isometric tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Postural tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Occurs as a result of muscle contraction against a rigid stationary object.

Japanese Sake
type: Class
subclass of: Alcohol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:21054827
synonyms: Sake
definition: A Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice; usually served hot. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66825
description: >= 66.0g/day: OR(95%CI): 2.55(0.96, 7.17) Only Japanese sake (rice wine) was significantly associated with PD (adjusted odds ratio of ≥66.0 g ethanol per day: 3.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-11.0, P for trend = 0.001).
reference: NCIT:C66825

KCNJ15
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Kir4.2|Kir1.3|IRKK
synonyms: potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15
chromosome location: 21q22.13-q22.2
definition: potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15
gene group: Potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J
gene group id: 276
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6261

KIF17
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: KIAA1405|KIF3X|KIF17B|OSM-3|KLP-2
synonyms: kinesin-like protein KIF17|KIF3-related motor protein
chromosome location: 1p36.12
definition: kinesin family member 17
gene group: Kinesins
gene group id: 622
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:19167

KIF5A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: D12S1889|NKHC|MY050
synonyms: SPG10
synonyms: neuron-specific kinesin heavy chain
synonyms: spastic paraplegia 10 (autosomal dominant)
chromosome location: 12q13.3
definition: kinesin family member 5A
gene group: Kinesins
gene group id: 622
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6323

Keeping a pet
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: Keep pets
synonyms: Keeping animals
synonyms: Keeps pets
definition: A pet, or companion animal, is an animal kept primarily for a person's company or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive/cute appearances, intelligence, and relatable personalities, but some pets may be taken in on an altruistic basis (such as a stray animal) and accepted by the owner regardless of these characteristics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet
definition: http://snomed.info/id/224152001
reference: SNOMED:224152001

Kinesia paradoxica
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: paradoxical kinesia
is defined by: Immobile patients who become excited may be able to make quick movement.

Kinesigenic dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dyskinesia
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
synonyms: PKD
synonyms: paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis
synonyms: paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
is defined by: Abrupt onset of episodes of abnormal involuntary movements after a sudden voluntary movement.

Kinesigenic dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: PKD
is defined by: An autosomal-dominant disorder with a significant variable expressivity and an apparent male predominance.The paroxysms are triggered by sudden movement and are usually short and can occur hundreds of times each day.

Kinetic tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Parkinsonian tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Occurs during any voluntary movement.

LAMA2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LAMM
synonyms: laminin, alpha 2
synonyms: merosin|congenital muscular dystrophy
chromosome location: 6q22.33
definition: laminin subunit alpha 2
gene group: Laminin subunits
gene group id: 626
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6482

LCORL
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MLR1|FLJ30696
synonyms: ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like
chromosome location: 4p15.31
definition: ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor like
gene group: Helix-turn-helix motif Psq family
gene group id: 3466
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30776

LDLR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LDLCQ2
synonyms: familial hypercholesterolemia
chromosome location: 19p13.2
definition: low density lipoprotein receptor
gene group: Low density lipoprotein receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 634|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6547

LHCGR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HHG
synonyms: LHR|LCGR|LGR2|ULG5
synonyms: hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
synonyms: luteinizing hormone receptor
chromosome location: 2p16.3
definition: luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
gene group: Glycoprotein hormone receptors
gene group id: 199
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6585

LOC100505811
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease

LOC101927354
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

LOC107987057
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

LOC112268043
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

LOC730100
type: Class
subclass of: long non-coding RNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
definition: LOC730100 is a ceRNA for miR-760 and promotes FOXA1 expression.
reference: PMID:30914197
reference: Variation ID: 58369
reference: Variation Viewer:GRCh38

LPA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LP
synonyms: Lp(a)
synonyms: apolipoprotein(a)
synonyms: lipoprotein, Lp(a)
chromosome location: 6q25.3-q26
definition: lipoprotein(a)
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6667

LRP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: APR|A2MR
synonyms: LRP|CD91|LRP1A|APOER|IGFBP3R1|IGFBP-3R
synonyms: alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor|low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
synonyms: transforming growth factor-β receptor type V
chromosome location: 12q13.3
definition: LDL receptor related protein 1
gene group: CD molecules|Low density lipoprotein receptors|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 471|634|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6692

LRP10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10
chromosome location: 14q11.2
definition: LDL receptor related protein 10
gene group: Low density lipoprotein receptors
gene group id: 634
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14553

LRP1B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LRP-DIT|LRPDIT
synonyms: LRP-deleted in tumors
synonyms: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B
chromosome location: 2q22.1-q22.2
definition: LDL receptor related protein 1B
gene group: Low density lipoprotein receptors
gene group id: 634
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6693

LRP2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: gp330|DBS
synonyms: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
synonyms: megalin
chromosome location: 2q31.1
definition: LDL receptor related protein 2
gene group: Low density lipoprotein receptors
gene group id: 634
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6694

LRRC17
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: P37NB|H_RG318M05.3
chromosome location: 7q22.1
definition: leucine rich repeat containing 17
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16895

LRRC2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: leucine-rich repeat-containing 2
chromosome location: 3p21.31
definition: leucine rich repeat containing 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14676

LRRK2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PARK8
synonyms: Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant) 8
synonyms: ROCO2|DKFZp434H2111|FLJ45829|RIPK7
synonyms: dardarin
chromosome location: 12q12
definition: leucine rich repeat kinase 2
gene group: ROCO family|Armadillo like helical domain containing
gene group id: 1421|1492
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18618

LTBP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TGF-beta1-BP-1|Transforming growth factor beta-1-binding protein 1
chromosome location: 2p22.3
definition: latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1
gene group: Latent transforming growth factor beta binding proteins
gene group id: 628
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6714

Laryngospasm
type: Class
subclass of: Bulbar dysfunction
definition: Laryngospasm is a short-lived (usually <30 seconds) reflex closure of the larynx that most often occurs in response to aspiration of food particles or liquids, including saliva. It may occur as a UMN bulbar feature of ALS. The patient typically describes a squeezing feeling in the throat accompanied by impaired inspiration and difficulty speaking; there may be audible stridor. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Lewy Body Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Synucleinopathies
synonyms: Lewy Body Disease, Cortical
definition: A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D020961
reference: mesh:D020961

Lifestyle factor
type: Class
subclass of: Influencing factor
synonyms: Lifestyle
definition: A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16795
definition: The consideration of unspecified lifestyle factors as variables in disease incident, transmission, and control. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C20201
reference: Life style
reference: Lifestyle Factor
reference: NCIT:C16795
reference: NCIT:C20201

Light-moderate alcohol drinker
type: Class
subclass of: Current drinker
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:28806610
definition: HR(95% CI): 2.24(1.42-3.53) Risk factors for transition from MCI to AD were being light-moderate alcohol drinker , cerebrovascular disease , hyperlipidemia and diabetes

Lipid
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Dietary Lipid
synonyms: Lipids
definition: Dietary Lipid A class of food constituents, also known as fats and oils, that serve as a source of energy and essential fatty acids in animals. The major components of lipids are fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, steroids (cholesterol), and lipoproteins. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C2317
reference: NCIT:C2317

Lipid-lowering drugs
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Agent, Hypolipidemic
synonyms: Agents, Antilipemic
synonyms: Agents, Hypolipidemic
synonyms: Antihyperlipemics
synonyms: Antihyperlipidemic
synonyms: Antihyperlipidemics
synonyms: Antilipemic Agents
synonyms: Antilipemic Drug
synonyms: Hypolipidemic Agents
synonyms: Hypolipidemic Drug
definition: Substances that lower the levels of certain LIPIDS in the BLOOD. They are used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000960
reference: mesh:D000960

Lipopolysaccharide
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LPS
synonyms: lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
definition: An endotoxin and biologically active component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall that is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist with potential immunostimulatory activity. Upon internalization, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates TLR4 which in turn activates the NFkappaB pathway, in addition to mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways. This leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates an innate immune response against vaccine antigens. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C101788
reference: NCIT:C101788

Liquor
type: Class
subclass of: Alcohol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:23840473
synonyms: Liquor intake
definition: An alcoholic beverage in which the initial fermentation mixture is distilled in order to concentrate the alcohol, generally resulting in a mixture that is at least 35% alcohol by volume. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66826
description: More than 26g/day: OR(95%CI): 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) Low to moderate beer consumption with lower PD risk and greater liquor consumption with higher risk.
reference: NCIT:C66826

Long term complication of medication
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Marsden, C. D. (1994). Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Clinical neuropharmacology.
synonyms: long-term complications of treatment
is defined by: Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Low level of Education
type: Class
subclass of: Education Level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: Lower level of educaion
synonyms: low educaiton
definition: Low/lower level of education

MAOA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
chromosome location: Xp11.3
definition: monoamine oxidase A
gene group: Flavoproteins
gene group id: 2258
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6833

MAOB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
chromosome location: Xp11.3
definition: monoamine oxidase B
gene group: Flavoproteins
gene group id: 2258
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6834

MAPT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: DDPAC|MAPTL
synonyms: G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit-interacting factor 1|microtubule-associated protein tau, isoform 4|protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 103|Tau-derived paired helical filament hexapeptide
synonyms: MTBT1|tau|PPND|FTDP-17|TAU|MSTD|MTBT2|FLJ31424|MGC138549|PPP1R103|tau-40|Tau-PHF6
chromosome location: 17q21.31
definition: microtubule associated protein tau
gene group: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits
gene group id: 694
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6893

MC1R
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: MSH-R
synonyms: alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor
synonyms: melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)
chromosome location: 16q24.3
definition: melanocortin 1 receptor
gene group: Melanocortin receptors
gene group id: 236
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6929

MEF2C
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 5q14.3
definition: myocyte enhancer factor 2C
gene group: Myocyte enhancer factor 2 proteins|MADS box family
gene group id: 649|1086
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:6996

MFSD8
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CLN7
synonyms: SLC74A1|MGC33302
synonyms: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 7, late infantile, variant
chromosome location: 4q28.2
definition: major facilitator superfamily domain containing 8
gene group: Solute carrier family 74
gene group id: 3358
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28486

MGME1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C20orf72
synonyms: bA504H3.4|DDK1
synonyms: chromosome 20 open reading frame 72
chromosome location: 20p11.23
definition: mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1
gene group: Exonucleases
gene group id: 544
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16205

MIA2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CTAGE family member 5, ER export factor|meningioma expressed antigen 6 (coiled-coil proline-rich)|CTAGE family member 5|melanoma inhibitory activity 2
synonyms: CTAGE5|MGEA|MGEA6
synonyms: FLJ22404|TALI|MEA6|cTAGE-5A|cTAGE-5B|cTAGE-5C|cTAGE-5D|MGEA11
synonyms: TANGO1-like
chromosome location: 14q13.2
definition: MIA SH3 domain ER export factor 2
gene group: CTAGE family|MIA family
gene group id: 907|1300
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18432

MIDN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Stx
synonyms: stuxnet homolog (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: midnolin
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16298

MIEF1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20232|MiD51|L0R8F8|D3A
synonyms: MIEF1 upstream open reading frame protein|DANGER family member 3A
synonyms: SMCR7L
synonyms: Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 7-like
chromosome location: 22q13.1
definition: mitochondrial elongation factor 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25979

MIR548AP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: hsa-mir-548ap
chromosome location: 15q25.3
definition: microRNA 548ap
gene group: MicroRNA MIR548 family
locus group: RNA, micro
reference: HGNC:43465

MLKL
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ34389
synonyms: mixed lineage kinase domain-like
chromosome location: 16q23.1
definition: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26617

MME
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CALLA|CD10|NEP
synonyms: neutral endopeptidase|enkephalinase|neprilysin
chromosome location: 3q25.2
definition: membrane metalloendopeptidase
gene group: CD molecules|M13 metallopeptidases
gene group id: 471|1439
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7154

MOB3B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: MOB1, Mps One Binder kinase activator-like 2B (yeast)|chromosome 9 open reading frame 35
synonyms: MOB1D|FLJ13204
synonyms: MOBKL2B|C9orf35
synonyms: monopolar spindle 1 binding, MOB1, domain containing
chromosome location: 9p21.2
definition: MOB kinase activator 3B
gene group: MOB kinase activators
gene group id: 647
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23825

MOBP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
chromosome location: 3p22.1
definition: myelin associated oligodendrocyte basic protein
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7189

MS4A4E
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 4E
chromosome location: 11q12.2
definition: membrane spanning 4-domains A4E
gene group: Membrane spanning 4-domains|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 958|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14284

MS4A6A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CD20L3
synonyms: MS4A6
synonyms: membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 6A
chromosome location: 11q12.2
definition: membrane spanning 4-domains A6A
gene group: Membrane spanning 4-domains
gene group id: 958
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13375

MSANTD3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Fatal Familial Insomnia
synonyms: C9orf30
synonyms: MGC17337
synonyms: chromosome 9 open reading frame 30|Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 3
chromosome location: 9q31.1
definition: Myb/SANT DNA binding domain containing 3
gene group: Myb/SANT domain containing
gene group id: 532
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23370

MT-ND2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MTND2
synonyms: NADH dehydrogenase 2|mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2
synonyms: ND2|NAD2
synonyms: complex I ND2 subunit|NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2
chromosome location: mitochondria
definition: mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 2
gene group: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunits|Mitochondrially encoded protein coding genes
gene group id: 1149|1974
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7456

MT-ND5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MTND5
synonyms: NADH dehydrogenase 5|mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5
synonyms: ND5|NAD5
synonyms: complex I ND5 subunit|NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5
chromosome location: mitochondria
definition: mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5
gene group: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunits|Mitochondrially encoded protein coding genes
gene group id: 1149|1974
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7461

MTHFD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MTHFC|MTHFD
synonyms: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase
chromosome location: 14q23.3
definition: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1
gene group: Minor histocompatibility antigens
gene group id: 870
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7432

MTHFD1L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: 10-formyl-THF synthetase|mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase|monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial
synonyms: DKFZP586G1517|FLJ21145
synonyms: FTHFSDC1
synonyms: formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain containing 1
chromosome location: 6q25.1
definition: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21055

MTHFR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)|methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H)
chromosome location: 1p36.22
definition: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
gene group: Flavoproteins
gene group id: 2258
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7436

MTNR1A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MEL-1A-R
chromosome location: 4q35.2
definition: melatonin receptor 1A
gene group: Melatonin receptors
gene group id: 209
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7463

MTPAP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: FLJ10486|SPAX4|TENT6
synonyms: PAP associated domain containing 1
synonyms: PAPD1
synonyms: TUTase1
chromosome location: 10p11.23
definition: mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase
gene group: Non-canonical poly(A) polymerases|Terminal nucleotidyltransferases
gene group id: 1318|1619
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25532

MUL1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: C1orf166
synonyms: FLJ12875|MULAN|RNF218|MAPL|GIDE
synonyms: chromosome 1 open reading frame 166
synonyms: ring finger protein 218|mitochondria-anchored protein ligase|growth inhibition and death E3 ligase|mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1
chromosome location: 1p36.12
definition: mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
gene group: Ring finger proteins
gene group id: 58
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25762

MUTYH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MYH
synonyms: mutY homolog (E. coli)
chromosome location: 1p34.1
definition: mutY DNA glycosylase
gene group: DNA glycosylases
gene group id: 1024
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7527

MYEOV
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: OCIM
synonyms: myeloma overexpressed (in a subset of t(11;14) positive multiple myelomas)
synonyms: oncogene in multiple myeloma
chromosome location: 11q13.3
definition: myeloma overexpressed
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7563

MYH11
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SMMHC|SMHC|SMMS-1
synonyms: myosin, heavy polypeptide 11, smooth muscle
chromosome location: 16p13.11
definition: myosin heavy chain 11
gene group: Myosin heavy chains, class II
gene group id: 1098
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7569

MYO15A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DFNB3|MYO15
chromosome location: 17p11.2
definition: myosin XVA
gene group: Myosin heavy chains, class XV|FERM domain containing
gene group id: 1105|1293
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7594

Marital status
type: Class
subclass of: Demographic characteristics
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
has db xref: NCIT:C2315
synonyms: MARISTAT
synonyms: Marital Status
synonyms: Marital or partnership status
synonyms: MaritalStatus
synonyms: marital status
synonyms: marital_status
definition: A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25188
reference: NCIT:C25188

Marriage
type: Class
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Marital
synonyms: Married
synonyms: Matrimony
synonyms: Wedlock
synonyms: marriage
definition: The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby men and women are joined together for the purpose of founding a family unit; the state of being a married couple. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48033
reference: NCIT:C48033

Meat
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: meat consumption
synonyms: meat or meat product
definition: A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03317170
reference: FOODON:03317170

Meat pies
type: Class
subclass of: Processed meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
type: NamedIndividual
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:16287153
synonyms: meat pie
synonyms: meat pie food product
definition: SIREN DB annotation: * whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147 * food filling process FOODON:03460207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03315926
description: Reported frequent consumption of beef and beef products thought likely to contain mechanically recovered or head meat, or both, including burgers and meat pies, was associated with increased risk for vCJD, as was reported frequent chicken consumption.
reference: FOODON:03315926

Medical history
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: general medical history
synonyms: past medical history
synonyms: personal health record
synonyms: personal history
synonyms: personal medical history
definition: In a medical encounter, the physician generally will interview the patient about his or her current problem, and may perform additional testing. The past medical history (PMH) in contrast records information about the patient's medical, personal and family history that might be relevant to the presenting illness or to provide optimal clinical management. The PMH generally includes (if relevant) other major illnesses, hospitalizations, surgeries, injuries, allergies, gynecologic and obstetric history, family history, personal history including occupational history, alcohol and drug use, etc. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032443]
reference: HP:0032443
reference: NCIT:C18772

Medical methods
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
synonyms: Therapeutic
synonyms: Therapeutics
synonyms: Therapies
synonyms: Therapy
synonyms: Treatments
definition: Procedures concerned with the remedial treatment or prevention of diseases. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013812
reference: mesh:D013812

Medication
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: adjunctive drug therapies
synonyms: adjunctive drug therapy
synonyms: drug
synonyms: medications
synonyms: medicine
definition: Drugs for primary prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Medicine
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
synonyms: medicine
definition: The branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16833
reference: NCIT:C16833

Meditation
type: Class
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: meditation
synonyms: mindfulness
definition: A state of consciousness in which the individual eliminates environmental stimuli from awareness so that the mind can focus on a single thing, producing a state of relaxation and relief from stress. A wide variety of techniques are used to clear the mind of stressful outside interferences. It includes meditation therapy. (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019122
reference: mesh:D019122

Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: Mental and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms
definition: Clinical evidence of disease resulting from mental and/or behavioral dysfunction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3858
reference: NCIT:C3858

Milk
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: milk intake
definition: This is any condition in which the main influencing factor is milk, a nutrient fluid containing proteins, fats, lactose, and various vitamins and minerals produced by the mammary gland of a female mammal; especially: cow's milk used as a food by humans. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/XCO_0000416
reference: XCO:0000416

Milk replacer
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
synonyms: Milk Substitutes
synonyms: Milk substitute
synonyms: Non-dairy milks
synonyms: calf milk replacer
definition: Food BEVERAGES that are used as nutritional substitutes for MILK. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D041941
reference: mesh:D041941

Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
definition: Patients with ALS may exhibit a number of motor symptoms.

Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: motor features
synonyms: motor function
synonyms: motor impairment
synonyms: motor symptoms
is defined by: Patients with PD may exhibit a number of secondary motor symptoms that may impact on their functioning at home, at work and while driving.

Multifocal dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Segmental dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Multifocal dystonia involves two or more unrelated body parts.

NANOS1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: NOS1|ZC2HC12A
synonyms: nanos homolog 1 (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 10q26.11
definition: nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 1
gene group: Zinc fingers C2HC-type
gene group id: 66
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23044

NANOS3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: NANOS1L|NOS3|ZC2HC12C
synonyms: nanos homolog 3 (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 19p13.12
definition: nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 3
gene group: Zinc fingers C2HC-type
gene group id: 66
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22048

NCAM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: NCAM|CD56
chromosome location: 11q23.2
definition: neural cell adhesion molecule 1
gene group: CD molecules|Fibronectin type III domain containing|I-set domain containing|Ig-like cell adhesion molecule family
gene group id: 471|555|593|1410
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7656

NDDRFO
type: Class
synonyms: Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology
definition: Neurodegenerative Diseases Risk Factor Ontology (NDDRFO) is a disease-specific ontology that characterizes the knowledge field of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases.

NDUFAF8
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: C17orf89
synonyms: chromosome 17 open reading frame 89
chromosome location: 17q25.3
definition: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 8
gene group: Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors
gene group id: 645
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:33551

NECTIN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HVEB|PVRL2
synonyms: PVRR2|PRR2|CD112|Nectin-2
synonyms: poliovirus receptor-related 2 (herpesvirus entry mediator B)
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: nectin cell adhesion molecule 2
gene group: CD molecules|V-set domain containing|C2-set domain containing|Nectins and nectin-like molecules
gene group id: 471|590|592|1855
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9707

NEFH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
synonyms: NF-H|NFH
synonyms: neurofilament, heavy polypeptide 200kDa|neurofilament heavy polypeptide|neurofilament heavy
chromosome location: 22q12.2
definition: neurofilament heavy chain
gene group: Intermediate filaments Type IV
gene group id: 611
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7737

NEK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 1
synonyms: NY-REN-55|KIAA1901
chromosome location: 4q33
definition: NIMA related kinase 1
gene group: NIMA related kinase family
gene group id: 3420
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7744

NINJ2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 12p13.33
definition: ninjurin 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7825

NIPA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: MGC35570|SLC57A1
synonyms: SPG6
synonyms: spastic paraplegia 6 (autosomal dominant)|non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1
chromosome location: 15q11.2
definition: NIPA magnesium transporter 1
gene group: Solute carrier family 57, NIPA-like magnesium transporters
gene group id: 2206
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17043

NOD2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: BLAU|CD|PSORAS1|CLR16.3|NLRC2
synonyms: IBD1|CARD15
synonyms: caspase recruitment domain family, member 15
synonyms: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and CARD domain containing 2|NOD-like receptor C2|NLR family, CARD domain containing 2
chromosome location: 16q12.1
definition: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2
gene group: NLR family|Caspase recruitment domain containing
gene group id: 666|959
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:5331

NOP56
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: NOL5A
synonyms: SCA36
synonyms: nucleolar protein 5A (56kD with KKE/D repeat)|nucleolar protein 5A (56kDa with KKE/D repeat)|NOP56 ribonucleoprotein homolog (yeast)
synonyms: spinocerebellar ataxia 36
chromosome location: 20p13
definition: NOP56 ribonucleoprotein
gene group: U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Small nucleolar RNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1485|1691|1835
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15911

NOTCH2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Notch (Drosophila) homolog 2|Notch homolog 2 (Drosophila)|notch 2
chromosome location: 1p12
definition: notch receptor 2
gene group: Notch receptors
gene group id: 1689
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:7882

NQO1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DHQU|QR1|DTD
synonyms: DT-diaphorase|quinone reductase|NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase
synonyms: NMOR1|DIA4
synonyms: diaphorase (NADH/NADPH) (cytochrome b-5 reductase)|NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1
chromosome location: 16q22.1
definition: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
gene group: Flavoproteins
gene group id: 2258
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:2874

NR1H10P
type: Class
subclass of: pseudo gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Fatal Familial Insomnia
definition: XP:002246474.1

NTF3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: NGF2
chromosome location: 12p13.31
definition: neurotrophin 3
gene group: Neurotrophins
gene group id: 1585
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8023

NUMA1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: NUMA
chromosome location: 11q13.4
definition: nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8059

Neuralgic pain
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Neuroleptics
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Agent, Antipsychotic
synonyms: Agent, Neuroleptic
synonyms: Antipsychotic
synonyms: Antipsychotic Agent
synonyms: Antipsychotic Agents
synonyms: Antipsychotic Drug
synonyms: Antipsychotic Drugs
synonyms: Antipsychotic Medication
synonyms: Antipsychotics
synonyms: Drug, Antipsychotic
synonyms: Drug, Neuroleptic
synonyms: Major Tranquilizer
synonyms: Major Tranquilizing Agents
synonyms: Medication, Antipsychotic
synonyms: Neuroleptic
synonyms: Neuroleptic Agent
synonyms: Neuroleptic Drug
definition: Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014150
reference: mesh:D014150

Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: A variety of alterations in mood, initiative, hedonistic tone, and cognitive functioning.

Non-kinesigenic dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dyskinesia
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
synonyms: PNKD
synonyms: nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
synonyms: paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
is defined by: Spontaneous onset of attacks of abnormal involuntary movements.

Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
definition: Although ALS is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, nonmotor features accompany motor dysfunction in up to 50 percent of patients at diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom of Parkinson disease
synonyms: non-motor features
synonyms: non-motor impairment
synonyms: non-motor symptoms
synonyms: pre-motor stage
synonyms: premotor stage
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
is defined by: Non-motor symptoms are a common and under appreciated feature of PD. These include autonomic dysfunction, cognitive/neurobehavioral disorders, and sensory and sleep abnormalities.

Non-pharmaceutical therapy
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Non drug therapy

Nonkinesigenic dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Paroxysmal dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: PNKD
synonyms: non-kinesigenic dystonia
is defined by: An autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by paroxysms of hyperkinesias, which can include dystonia, dyskinesia, choreoathetosis, and ballism.

Nutrient substance
type: Class
subclass of: Diet
synonyms: dietary nutrient
synonyms: nutrient
synonyms: nutrient or dietary substance
definition: A property indicating that a food component must be taken into the body preformed and in sufficient quantity to meet the body's needs for growth, reproduction and/or maintenance of health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_P358
reference: NCIT:P358

OLFM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: NOE1|OlfA|AMY|NOELIN
synonyms: pancortin|noelin|noelin1
chromosome location: 9q34.3
definition: olfactomedin 1
gene group: Olfactomedin domain containing
gene group id: 2314
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17187

OLR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LOX-1|SCARE1|CLEC8A
synonyms: oxidised low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1
chromosome location: 12p13.2
definition: oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1
gene group: Scavenger receptors|C-type lectin domain containing
gene group id: 1253|1298
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8133

OPRD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: opioid receptor, delta 1
chromosome location: 1p35.3
definition: opioid receptor delta 1
gene group: Opioid receptors
gene group id: 245
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8153

OR1S2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily S, member 2
chromosome location: 11q12.1
definition: olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily S member 2
gene group: Olfactory receptors, family 1
gene group id: 147
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15141

OR2B2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: OR2B9
synonyms: hs6M1-10|OR6-1|OR2B2Q
synonyms: olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily B, member 9|olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily B, member 2
chromosome location: 6p22.1
definition: olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily B member 2
gene group: Olfactory receptors, family 2
gene group id: 149
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13966

OR52E6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: olfactory receptor, family 52, subfamily E, member 6
chromosome location: 11p15.4
definition: olfactory receptor family 52 subfamily E member 6
gene group: Olfactory receptors, family 52
gene group id: 165
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15215

Obesity
type: Class
subclass of: Physical fitness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: Fatness
synonyms: Obesity, unspecified
synonyms: corpulence
synonyms: fatness
synonyms: obesity
synonyms: podginess
synonyms: portliness
synonyms: tubbiness
definition: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009765
reference: mesh:D009765

Obsessive-compulsive behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Olanow, C. W., Stocchi, F., & Lang, A. (Eds.). (2011). Parkinson's disease: non-motor and non-dopaminergic features. John Wiley & Sons.
synonyms: obsessive behavior
synonyms: obsessive-compulsive
synonyms: obsessive-compulsive stereotyped behavior
synonyms: obsessive-compulsive symptom
is defined by: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by complaints of persistent or repetitive thoughts (obsessions) or behaviors (compulsions).

Occupation
type: Class
subclass of: Environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: EMPJOB
synonyms: employee job
synonyms: employment category
synonyms: job
synonyms: occupation
definition: The principal activity that a person does to earn money. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25193]
reference: NCIT:C25193

Occupational characteristics
type: Class
subclass of: Occupation
synonyms: characteristics of job

Occupational exposure
type: Class
subclass of: Occupation
synonyms: Job Exposure
synonyms: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
synonyms: Occupational Exposure
synonyms: Work-related Exposure
definition: The exposure to potentially harmful agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16929
reference: NCIT:C16929

Occupational types
type: Class
subclass of: Occupation
synonyms: type of job

Oils
type: Class
subclass of: Condiment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:32943485
synonyms: oil
definition: Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009821
description: OR(95% CI): 5.6(2.3-13.7)
reference: mesh:D009821

Okra
type: Class
subclass of: Vegetable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:26170247
synonyms: Abelmoschus esculentus
synonyms: ochro
synonyms: okro
definition: Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world for its edible green seed pods, okra is used in the cuisines of many countries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okra http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72033
definition: NCIT:C72033
definition: okra could potentially prevent or halt the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in people carrying a H63D polymorphism, or in elderly persons who are at increased risk of AD and ALS. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26170247/]

Olfactory dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Barker, M. R., & Rowe, F. D. (Eds.). (2010). Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press, USA.
synonyms: hyposmia
is defined by: Measurable smell loss that adversely impacts quality of life, the flavor and platability of foods and beverages, nutrition and safety.

Open space hesitation
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing

Ophthalmic diseases
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Eye Disease
synonyms: Eye Disorder
synonyms: Eye Disorders
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the eye. Representative examples include conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and retinoblastoma. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26767
definition: NCIT:C26767
definition: mesh:D005128

Oral pain
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.

Oromandibular dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Focal dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Oromandibular dystonia is a focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech.

Orthostatic hypotension
type: Class
subclass of: Autonomic dysfunction
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A drop in blood pressure that occurs with a change in position, most commonly from lying down to standing up and sometimes from sitting to standing. Orthostatic HYPOTENSION is a common side effect of many ANTIPARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS, and can be caused by Parkinson’s.

Osteoarthritis
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
definition: A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterised by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3293
reference: HP:0002758
reference: NCIT:C3293

Other characteristics
type: Class
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease

Other essential tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Idiopathic tremor syndromes are classified under this category by the Movement Disorder Society.

P2RX7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: P2X7|MGC20089
synonyms: purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7
chromosome location: 12q24.31
definition: purinergic receptor P2X 7
gene group: Purinergic receptors P2X
gene group id: 214
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8537

P2RY12
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: P2Y12|SP1999|HORK3
synonyms: purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12
chromosome location: 3q25.1
definition: purinergic receptor P2Y12
gene group: P2Y receptors
gene group id: 213
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18124

P4HB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: PDIA1|PROHB|DSI|GIT|PDI|PO4HB|P4Hbeta
synonyms: PO4DB|ERBA2L
synonyms: procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide (protein disulfide isomerase; thyroid hormone binding protein p55)|procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide (protein disulfide isomerase-associated 1)|procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), beta polypeptide|prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide
synonyms: protein disulfide isomerase-associated 1|protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 1|collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta
chromosome location: 17q25.3
definition: prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta
gene group: Protein disulfide isomerases
gene group id: 692
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8548

PARK16
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
chromosome location: 1q32
definition: Parkinson disease 16 (susceptibility)
reference: HGNC:37450
reference: OMIM:613164

PARP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase)|poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1
synonyms: PARP|ARTD1|Poly-PARP|PARS
synonyms: PPOL|ADPRT
chromosome location: 1q42.12
definition: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
gene group: Zinc fingers PARP-type|Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases
gene group id: 94|684
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:270

PARP2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase)-like 2|poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 2
synonyms: ADPRTL2
synonyms: ARTD2
chromosome location: 14q11.2
definition: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2
gene group: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases
gene group id: 684
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:272

PCDHA4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: CNR1|CRNR1|PCDH-ALPHA4|CNRN1
synonyms: ortholog of mouse CNR1, KIAA0345-like 10
chromosome location: 5q31.3
definition: protocadherin alpha 4
gene group: Clustered protocadherins
gene group id: 20
locus group: other
reference: HGNC:8670

PCNT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: KEN|KIAA0402|PCN|PCNTB|SCKL4
synonyms: PCNT2
synonyms: kendrin|Seckel syndrome 4
synonyms: pericentrin 2 (kendrin)
chromosome location: 21q22.3
definition: pericentrin
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16068

PDIA3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: GRP58
synonyms: P58|ERp61|ERp57|ERp60|GRP57|PI-PLC|HsT17083
synonyms: glucose regulated protein, 58kDa|protein disulfide isomerase-associated 3|protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3
chromosome location: 15q15.3
definition: protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3
gene group: Protein disulfide isomerases
gene group id: 692
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:4606

PEAK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: KIAA2002|sgk269
chromosome location: 15q24.3
definition: pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1
gene group: PEAK pseudokinase family
gene group id: 3419
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29431

PELO
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: pelota (Drosophila) homolog|pelota homolog (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 5q11.2
definition: pelota mRNA surveillance and ribosome rescue factor
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8829

PEMT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PEMPT|PEMT2
chromosome location: 17p11.2
definition: phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
gene group: Membrane-bound methyltransferases|Small molecule methyltransferases
gene group id: 3353|3372
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8830

PFN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
chromosome location: 17p13.2
definition: profilin 1
gene group: Profilins
gene group id: 1827
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8881

PGAP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: FLJ12377|Bst1|SPG67
synonyms: GPI inositol-deacylase
synonyms: post-GPI attachment to proteins 1
chromosome location: 2q33.1
definition: post-GPI attachment to proteins inositol deacylase 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25712

PGP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 16p13.3
definition: phosphoglycolate phosphatase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8909

PICALM
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CALM|CLTH
chromosome location: 11q14.2
definition: phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15514

PINK1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: BRPK
synonyms: PARK6
synonyms: Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive) 6|PTEN induced putative kinase 1
chromosome location: 1p36.12
definition: PTEN induced kinase 1
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14581

PLA2G3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: GIII-SPLA2
synonyms: phospholipase A2, group III
chromosome location: 22q12.2
definition: phospholipase A2 group III
gene group: Phospholipases
gene group id: 467
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17934

PLA2G6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: iPLA2|PNPLA9|PARK14|iPLA2beta|NBIA2
synonyms: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2
synonyms: phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, calcium-independent)
chromosome location: 22q13.1
definition: phospholipase A2 group VI
gene group: Ankyrin repeat domain containing|Patatin like phospholipase domain containing|Phospholipases
gene group id: 403|466|467
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9039

PLEKHG5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA0720|Syx|GEF720|Tech|ARHGEF45
synonyms: pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5
synonyms: synectin-binding guanine exchange factor
chromosome location: 1p36.31
definition: pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G5
gene group: Pleckstrin homology domain containing|Dbl family Rho GEFs
gene group id: 682|722
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29105

PLEKHN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DKFZP434H2010
synonyms: pleckstrin homology domain containing, family N member 1
chromosome location: 1p36.33
definition: pleckstrin homology domain containing N1
gene group: Pleckstrin homology domain containing
gene group id: 682
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25284

PM20D1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ32569|Cps1
chromosome location: 1q32.1
definition: peptidase M20 domain containing 1
gene group: M20 metallopeptidases
gene group id: 1443
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26518

PMP22
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
synonyms: CMT1A
synonyms: Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy 1A (greatly reduced nerve conduction velocity, hereditary motor sensory neuropathy Ia)
synonyms: HNPP|GAS3|Sp110|HMSNIA
chromosome location: 17p12
definition: peripheral myelin protein 22
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9118

POMT1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: LGMD2K
synonyms: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase
chromosome location: 9q34.13
definition: protein O-mannosyltransferase 1
gene group: Dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate dependent mannosyltransferases
gene group id: 430
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9202

PON1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ESA
synonyms: PON
synonyms: esterase A|arylesterase 1
chromosome location: 7q21.3
definition: paraoxonase 1
gene group: Paraoxonases
gene group id: 463
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9204

PON2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: paraoxonase nirs|arylesterase 2
chromosome location: 7q21.3
definition: paraoxonase 2
gene group: Paraoxonases
gene group id: 463
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9205

PRAME
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CT130
synonyms: MAPE
synonyms: cancer/testis antigen 130
synonyms: preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma
chromosome location: 22q11.22
definition: PRAME nuclear receptor transcriptional regulator
gene group: PRAME family
gene group id: 686
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9336

PRKAG3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit
chromosome location: 2q35
definition: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9387

PRKN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: E3 ubiquitin ligase
synonyms: PARK2
synonyms: PDJ|AR-JP|parkin
synonyms: Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin|parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin)
chromosome location: 6q26
definition: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
gene group: Ring finger proteins|RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases
gene group id: 58|1391
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8607

PRNP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Fatal Familial Insomnia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Prion Disease
synonyms: CD230|PRP|AltPrP
synonyms: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease|Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome|fatal familial insomnia|p27-30
synonyms: PRIP|GSS|CJD
synonyms: prion protein (p27-30)|prion protein
chromosome location: 20p13
definition: prion protein (Kanno blood group)
gene group: Blood group antigens|CD molecules
gene group id: 454|471
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9449

PRPH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: NEF4
synonyms: PRPH1
chromosome location: 12q13.12
definition: peripherin
gene group: Intermediate filaments Type III
gene group id: 610
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9461

PRSS48
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ESSPL
synonyms: protease, serine 48
chromosome location: 4q31.3
definition: serine protease 48
gene group: Serine proteases
gene group id: 738
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:24635

PSEN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AD3
synonyms: Alzheimer disease 3
synonyms: FAD|S182|PS1|PS-1|PSNL1
synonyms: familial Alzheimer Disease
chromosome location: 14q24.2
definition: presenilin 1
gene group: Peptidase family A22
gene group id: 2099
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9508

PSEN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: AD3L|STM2|PS2|PS-2|E5-1
synonyms: AD4
synonyms: Alzheimer disease 3-like
synonyms: Alzheimer disease 4
chromosome location: 1q42.13
definition: presenilin 2
gene group: Peptidase family A22
gene group id: 2099
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9509

PSMB7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Z
synonyms: proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 7|proteasome subunit beta 7
synonyms: proteasome subunit β2
chromosome location: 9q33.3
definition: proteasome 20S subunit beta 7
gene group: Proteasome
gene group id: 690
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9544

PTBP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HNRPI|HNRNP-I|PTB2|PTB3|PTB-1|PTB4|pPTB
synonyms: PTB
synonyms: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I
synonyms: polypyrimidine tract binding protein (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I)
chromosome location: 19p13.3
definition: polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1
gene group: RNA binding motif containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
gene group id: 725|1691|1950
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9583

PTCH1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: BCNS|SLC65B1
synonyms: NBCCS|PTCH
synonyms: patched (Drosophila) homolog|patched homolog (Drosophila)|patched homolog 1 (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 9q22.32
definition: patched 1
gene group: Solute carrier family 65
gene group id: 2214
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9585

PTGS2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: COX2
synonyms: prostaglandin G/H synthase 2|cyclooxygenase 2
synonyms: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
chromosome location: 1q31.1
definition: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
gene group: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase family
gene group id: 3441
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9605

PTK2B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CAKB|PYK2|RAFTK|PTK|CADTK
synonyms: FAK2
chromosome location: 8p21.2
definition: protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta
gene group: Minor histocompatibility antigens|FERM domain containing|PTK2 family tyrosine kinases|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 870|1293|1644|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9612

PTPRT
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: RPTPrho|KIAA0283
chromosome location: 20q12-q13.11
definition: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T
gene group: Fibronectin type III domain containing|Immunoglobulin like domain containing|Protein tyrosine phosphatases receptor type
gene group id: 555|594|813
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9682

Paresthesia
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Duvoisin, R. C., & Sage, J. (2001). Parkinson's disease: A guide for patient and family. Wolters Kluwer Health.
is defined by: Sensations, usually unpleasant, arising spontaneously in a limb or other part of the body and variously experienced as pins and needles or a feeling of warmth or coldness (thermal paresthesias).

Parkinsonian tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: parkinson tremor
is defined by: Any kind of tremor presented by most patients with PD.

Parkinsonism and supranuclear gaze palsy
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Paroxysmal dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Dyskinesia
reference: Kompoliti K. & Metman L. V. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders. Academic Press.
synonyms: paroxysmal dyskinesias
is defined by: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intermittent attacks of hyperkinetic involuntary movements.

Paroxysmal dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Fluctuating dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Episodic movement disorder in which abnormal movements are only present during attacks.

Pathological gambling
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Dodd, M. L., Klos, K. J., Bower, J. H., Geda, Y. E., Josephs, K. A., & Ahlskog, J. E. (2005). Pathological gambling caused by drugs used to treat Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology, 62(9), 1377.
is defined by: Pathological gambling is a rare potential complication related to treatment of Parkinson disease (PD).

Pepper
type: Class
subclass of: Condiment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:23661325
synonyms: Pepper (substance)
synonyms: Pepper - seasoning (substance)
synonyms: peppers
definition: A berry fruit of a pepper plant (Capsicum) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00003520
description: Daily (102.1 μg/kg nicotine): RR(95%CI): 0.13 (0.02, 0.73) Dietary nicotine or other constituents of tobacco and peppers may reduce PD risk.
reference: FOODON:00003520

Personality and behavioral changes
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
has db xref: A behavioral symptom of Alzheimer's disease that encompasses getting upset, worried, and angry more easily. Acting depressed or not interested in things or hiding things or believing that other people are hiding things. It also causes to imagining things that aren't there etc.
has db xref: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/managing-personality-and-behavior-changes-alzheimers#:~:text=Common%20Changes%20in%20Personality%20and%20Behavior&text=Getting%20upset%2C%20worried%2C%20and%20angry,things%20that%20aren't%20there

Physical activity
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Exercise
synonyms: Physical Activity
synonyms: Physical activities
synonyms: exercise
definition: Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17708
reference: NCIT:C17708

Physical fitness
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: Fitness, Physical
synonyms: Physical Fitness
definition: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010809
reference: mesh:D010809

Physiological indices
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: Physiological index
synonyms: Vital Signs
definition: aspects regarding the acts of a living organism and its parts in addition to the physical and chemical procedures engaged in these acts. [url:https://psychologydictionary.org/physiological-factors/]

Pisa-syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Doherty, K. M., Davagnanam, I., Molloy, S., Silveira-Moriyama, L., & Lees, A. J. (2013). Pisa syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a mobile or fixed deformity?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
synonyms: pisa syndrome
is defined by: Pisa syndrome is defined as >10° lateral flexion in the standing position,1 and it has been suggested that in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD) it is an axial dystonia analogous to that seen as a rare consequence of neuroleptic therapy.

Plant Extracts
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Substance of plant origin
synonyms: extracts of plant
definition: Plant extracts refer to substances obtained from plants (whole or parts) using appropriate solvents or methods through extraction or processing, which can be applied in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and other industries. [ICD-11] [NIH] [WHO]
definition: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0011909
reference: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2022). "Risk Assessment of Plant-Derived Food Additives".
reference: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (2020). "Toxicity and Safety Profile of Common Plant Extracts".
reference: National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2021). "Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Antioxidant Therapy". PubMed Central.
reference: OMIT:0011909
reference: World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). "Guidelines for the Safe Use of Plant-Based Cosmetics".

Poisoning
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Poisonings
reference: Injury to the body or interference of normal body functions by a substance that is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34933
reference: NCIT:C34933
reference: mesh:D011041

Pomegranate
type: Class
subclass of: Fruit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:25441596
synonyms: Punica granatum
synonyms: pomegranate food product
definition: A berry fruit of a pomegranate plant (Punica granatum). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00003679
description: Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with pomegranates may slow the progression of cognitive and behavioral impairments in AD
reference: FOODON:00003679

Position-specific postural tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Postural tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: A rare variant of postural tremor.

Position specific tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Primary writing tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: type B tremor
is defined by: Position-specific tremor occurs when the hand position used in writing is adopted.

Postural instability
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
synonyms: PI
is defined by: Postural instability due to loss of postural reflexes is generally a manifestation of the late stages of PD and usually occurs after the onset of other clinical features.

Postural tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Parkinsonian tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Postural tremor is present while voluntarily maintaining a position against gravity.

Potato
type: Class
subclass of: Vegetable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:29136149
synonyms: potatoes
synonyms: spud
definition: The edible tuber of Solanum tuberosum. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72045
description: risk of PD is increased in farmers exposed to pesticides on several French crops and livestock.
reference: NCIT:C72045

Primary dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Continual dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: It describes a case in which the dystonia is the only neurological disorder that the person has. Primary dystonias include some genetic forms (such as DYT1 dystonia in which a gene has been identified) and forms for which a cause is not usually found.

Primary orthostatic tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Other essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: A unique tremor syndrome that has been observed until now only in patients over 40 years old and is characterized by a subjective feeling of unsteadiness during stance but only in severe cases during gait.

Primary writing tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Other essential tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Tremor during writing without other manifestations of tremor or other neurological disease is called primary writing tremor.

Processed foods and other foods
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
synonyms: processed food
definition: A processed food is the result of the process of home or industrial food preparation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ONS_0000100
reference: ONS:0000100

Processed meat
type: Class
subclass of: Meat
synonyms: processed meat food product
definition: A processed food product consisting of meat which has been subjected to preservation and/or taste altering processes such as grinding, salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, and addition of chemical preservatives. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001010
reference: FOODON:00001010

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
type: Class
subclass of: Tauopathy
synonyms: Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia
synonyms: Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome
synonyms: Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
definition: A rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gait and balance difficulties and loss of coordination of eye movements. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C85028
reference: NCIT:C85028

Proprietary concentrate feed used
type: Class
subclass of: Animal feed
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
PMID: PMID:16617042
definition: Less than 12 months of age: OR(95%CI): 15.6(7.3, 34.9) The results indicated that in comparison with these control farms a higher proportion of the BSE farms had also kept pigs or poultry, although the difference was not significant, and that a significantly higher proportion of the BSE farms had fed proprietary concentrates and/or milk replacers to their calves.

Pseudobulbar affect
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Psychology
type: Class
subclass of: Lifestyle factor
synonyms: NCIT:C189161
synonyms: [Behavioral or Psychological Factor] A factor that is associated with an individual's thoughts or conduct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C189161
synonyms: psychological factor
synonyms: psychology
definition: The study of behavior and cognition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17027
reference: NCIT:C17027

Psychosis
type: Class
subclass of: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A condition of mental dysfunction in which a person loses contact with reality. DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, CONFUSION, DISORIENTATION, and PARANOIA are common in psychosis. In the person with Parkinson’s disease, psychosis can develop as a separate disease entity, as a manifestation of the brain deterioration taking place as a result of the Parkinson’s, or as a side effect of ANTIPARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS.

Pulsion
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: antepulsion
is defined by: pulsion is the tendency to step forward when bumped or bumping into an object.

Punding
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Evans, A. H., Katzenschlager, R., Paviour, D., O'Sullivan, J. D., Appel, S., Lawrence, A. D., & Lees, A. J. (2004). Punding in Parkinson's disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Movement disorders, 19(4), 397-405.
is defined by: Punding is a term that was coined originally to describe complex prolonged, purposeless, and stereotyped behaviour in chronic amphetamine users.

Purchase of feedstuffs for poultry
type: Class
subclass of: Animal feed
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
PMID: PMID:17425937
definition: OR(95%CI): 1.8(1.1, 3) To a lesser extent, on-farm cross-contaminations, i.e. consumption by cattle of feedstuffs initially dedicated to other animals and which could legally contain MBM, have probably also existed, since the presence on farms of poultry fed purchased feed involved an increased risk of BSE.

QPCTL
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20084
synonyms: glutaminyl cyclase-like
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like
gene group: M28 metallopeptidases
gene group id: 1444
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25952

Qigong
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: qigong
definition: A form of traditional Chinese mind/body exercise and meditation that uses slow and precise body movements with controlled breathing and mental focusing to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C93098
reference: NCIT:C93098

RAB10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ras-related GTP-binding protein
chromosome location: 2p23.3
definition: RAB10, member RAS oncogene family
gene group: RAB, member RAS oncogene GTPases
gene group id: 388
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:9759

RCAN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Huntington's disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DSCR1
synonyms: Down syndrome critical region gene 1
chromosome location: 21q22.12
definition: regulator of calcineurin 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:3040

RERG
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: MGC15754
synonyms: RAS-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor
chromosome location: 12p12.3
definition: RAS like estrogen regulated growth inhibitor
gene group: RAS type GTPase family
gene group id: 389
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15980

RIPK2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: RICK|RIP2|CARDIAK|CARD3
synonyms: receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2
chromosome location: 8q21.3
definition: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2
gene group: Caspase recruitment domain containing
gene group id: 959
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10020

Random on off
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Fernandez, H. H. (2012). Updates in the medical management of Parkinson disease. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 79(1), 28-35.
is defined by: Random fluctuations between the 'off' state and the 'on' state.

Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Sleep disturbance
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: RBD
synonyms: REM sleep behavior disorder
synonyms: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
is defined by: The stage in which dreams primarily take place is called rapid eye movement (REM). In people with Parkinson’s, this mechanism becomes dysfunctional and the body acts out dreams, sometimes with great physical energy expressed through kicking, thrashing, swinging of the arms, and other actions that can actually be harmful to the person or to a partner who is sharing the bed.

Raw meat
type: Class
subclass of: Meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
type: NamedIndividual
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:9660576
synonyms: consumption of raw meat
definition: Raw meat generally refers to any type of uncooked muscle tissue of an animal used for food. [wikipedia][Smil, Vaclav. "Eating Meat: Evolution, Patterns, and Consequences." pp. 599–639.]
description: The few positive findings of the study include increased risk in relation to consumption of raw meat (RR 1.63 [95% CI 1.18-2.23]) and brain (1.68 [1.18-2.39])
reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_meat#cite_note-1

Reading
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Read
synonyms: mesh:D011932
synonyms: read
synonyms: reading
definition: Acquiring information from text. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011932

Receptor
type: Class
subclass of: Biologically Active Substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Receptor Protein
synonyms: receptor
definition: A protein located on the cell surface, or in the cytoplasm, that binds to a specific signaling factor, such as a hormone, antigen, or neurotransmitter, causing a conformational and functional change in the receptor molecule. The ligand-bound receptor then alters its interaction with target molecules, which leads to changes in cellular physiology through modification of the activity of one or more signal transduction pathways. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18106
reference: NCIT:C18106

Red meat
type: Class
subclass of: Meat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:34494887
synonyms: consumption of red meat
synonyms: dark meat
definition: PMID:33748832
definition: The group includes carcass meat of domestic animals (e.g. beef, veal, pork, mutton / lamb, horse, rabbit) and game (e.g. wild pig, boar, venison, whale). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400794
description: 50-g/d increment in unprocessed red meat(unprocessed beef, lamb, and pork) intake: HR(95% CI): 0.70(0.53-0.92) Red meat intake was associated with reduced risks of all-cause dementia and AD. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33748832/]
description: Consuming red meat always: OR(95% CI): 4.47(1.67-11.94) Consuming red meat sometimes: OR(95% CI): 2.15(1.06-4.39) Consuming red meat sometimes or always was positively associated with Parkinson's disease as compared to eating red meats rarely or never. [url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34494887/]
reference: FOODON:03400794

Reproduction
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: Reproductive Period
definition: The generation of offspring by living organisms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17087
reference: NCIT:C17087
reference: Reproductive

Residence
type: Class
subclass of: Environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: abode
synonyms: dwelling
synonyms: dwellings
definition: Any address at which a person dwells more than temporarily. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25273
reference: NCIT:C25273

Resistance Training
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Exercise Program, Weight-Bearing
synonyms: Exercise Program, Weight-Lifting
synonyms: Strengthening Program, Weight-Bearing
synonyms: Training, Resistance
definition: A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055070
reference: mesh:D055070

Respiratory impairment
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
definition: Weakness of the diaphragm in ALS produces progressive dyspnea leading to orthopnea and decreased vocal volume and culminating in dyspnea with talking and eventually also at rest. Sleep-disordered breathing is an early sign of neuromuscular respiratory insufficiency. Diaphragmatic muscle weakness can lead to respiratory failure, the most common life-threatening manifestation of the disorder. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Resting tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Parkinsonian tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: Type II tremor
is defined by: Resting tremor occurs in a body part that is not voluntarily activatedand is completely supported against gravity.

Restless legs syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Sleep disturbance
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: RLS
synonyms: leg restlessness
is defined by: A condition in which the legs twitch involuntarily usually when sitting or lying quietly at rest. It may be mild, with occasional tingling and small areas of twitching, or severe enough that the legs appear to be walking or running of their own volition.

Retropulsion
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Retropulsion is the tendency to step back.

Rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.
is defined by: Rigidity is characterised by increased resistance, usually accompanied by the “cogwheel” phenomenon, particularly when associated with an underlying tremor, present throughout the range of passive movement of a limb (flexion, extension or rotation about a joint). It may occur proximally (eg, neck, shoulders, hips) and distally (eg, wrists, ankles).

SARM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: SARM|SAMD2|KIAA0524
chromosome location: 17q11.2
definition: sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1
gene group: Sterile alpha motif domain containing|TIR domain containing|Armadillo like helical domain containing
gene group id: 760|1296|1492
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17074

SCAF11
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SFRS2IP|SRSF2IP
synonyms: SIP1|SRRP129|CASP11
synonyms: splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 2, interacting protein|serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2, interacting protein
chromosome location: 12q12
definition: SR-related CTD associated factor 11
gene group: Ring finger proteins
gene group id: 58
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10784

SCARB2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: CD36 antigen (collagen type I receptor, thrombospondin receptor)-like 2 (lysosomal integral membrane protein II)
synonyms: CD36L2
synonyms: HLGP85|LIMPII|SR-BII|LIMP-2
synonyms: lysosome membrane protein 2|lysosomal integral membrane protein II
chromosome location: 4q21.1
definition: scavenger receptor class B member 2
gene group: Scavenger receptors
gene group id: 1253
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1665

SEMA5A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: SEMAF
synonyms: semF
synonyms: sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A
chromosome location: 5p15.31
definition: semaphorin 5A
gene group: Semaphorins|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 736|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10736

SEMA6A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA1368|SEMA6A1|SEMA|HT018
synonyms: SEMAQ
synonyms: sema VIa
synonyms: sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A
chromosome location: 5q23.1
definition: semaphorin 6A
gene group: Semaphorins
gene group id: 736
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10738

SERPINE1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PAI
synonyms: PLANH1|PAI1
synonyms: plasminogen activator inhibitor, type I
synonyms: serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
chromosome location: 7q22.1
definition: serpin family E member 1
gene group: Serpin peptidase inhibitors
gene group id: 739
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8583

SERPINE2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PI7
synonyms: PN1|GDN|PNI|nexin
synonyms: glial-derived nexin 1
synonyms: serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2|serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2
chromosome location: 2q36.1
definition: serpin family E member 2
gene group: Serpin peptidase inhibitors
gene group id: 739
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:8951

SFTPB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SFTP3
synonyms: SP-B
synonyms: surfactant, pulmonary-associated protein B
chromosome location: 2p11.2
definition: surfactant protein B
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10801

SH3D19
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
synonyms: EEN binding protein
chromosome location: 4q31.3
definition: SH3 domain containing 19
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30418

SHARPIN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DKFZP434N1923|SIPL1
chromosome location: 8q24.3
definition: SHANK associated RH domain interactor
gene group: Zinc fingers RANBP2-type|Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex
gene group id: 89|1390
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25321

SHROOM3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: ShrmL|SHRM|KIAA1481|APXL3
chromosome location: 4q21.1
definition: shroom family member 3
gene group: PDZ domain containing|MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Shroom family
gene group id: 1220|1691|1971
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30422

SHROOM4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: KIAA1202|Shrm4|SHAP
synonyms: Protein Shroom4|Second homolog of apical protein
chromosome location: Xp11.22
definition: shroom family member 4
gene group: PDZ domain containing|Shroom family
gene group id: 1220|1971
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29215

SIGLEC14
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 14
chromosome location: 19q13.41
definition: sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 14
gene group: V-set domain containing|Sialic acid binding Ig like lectins
gene group id: 590|745
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:32926

SIRT2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SIR2L
synonyms: sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2, S.cerevisiae, homolog) 2|sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 2 (S. cerevisiae)
chromosome location: 19q13.2
definition: sirtuin 2
gene group: Sirtuins
gene group id: 938
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10886

SLC11A2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DCT1|DMT1|DMT-1|FLJ37416
synonyms: NRAMP2
synonyms: Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2|divalent metal transporter 1|divalent cation transporter 1
synonyms: solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporter), member 2
chromosome location: 12q13.12
definition: solute carrier family 11 member 2
gene group: Solute carrier family 11
gene group id: 2164
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10908

SLC18A2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: SVMT|SVAT|VAT2
synonyms: Synaptic vesicular amine transporter
synonyms: VMAT2
synonyms: solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter), member 2
chromosome location: 10q25.3
definition: solute carrier family 18 member A2
gene group: Solute carrier family 18
gene group id: 2170
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10935

SLC19A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: FOLT|RFC1|IFC-1|RFC|hRFC|RFT-1
synonyms: Folate transporter 1|reduced folate carrier 1|intestinal folate carrier 1|reduced folate transporter 1|Folate:anion antiporter SLC19A1
synonyms: solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1
chromosome location: 21q22.3
definition: solute carrier family 19 member 1
gene group: Minor histocompatibility antigens|Solute carrier family 19
gene group id: 870|2171
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10937

SLC35G6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TMEM21B|AMAC1L3
synonyms: transmembrane protein 21B|acyl-malonyl condensing enzyme 1-like 3|solute carrier family 35, member G6
chromosome location: 17p13.1
definition: solute carrier family 35 member G6
gene group: Solute carrier family 35
gene group id: 2186
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:31351

SLC6A3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DAT
synonyms: DAT1
synonyms: dopamine transporter|Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
synonyms: solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3|dopamine transporter 1|solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 3
chromosome location: 5p15.33
definition: solute carrier family 6 member 3
gene group: Solute carrier family 6
gene group id: 2159
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11049

SLC6A4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: 5-HTT|SERT1
synonyms: HTT|OCD1
synonyms: serotonin transporter 1
synonyms: solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4|5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter|obsessive-compulsive disorder 1|solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4
chromosome location: 17q11.2
definition: solute carrier family 6 member 4
gene group: Solute carrier family 6
gene group id: 2159
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11050

SLCO1A2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: OATP|OATP1A2|OATP-A
synonyms: SLC21A3
synonyms: solute carrier family 21 (organic anion transporter), member 3|solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1A2
chromosome location: 12p12.1
definition: solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
gene group: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family
gene group id: 2216
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:10956

SMARCA2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: BAF190|hSNF2a|hBRM|Sth1p|SNF2LA|BRM|SNF2|SWI2
synonyms: SNF2L2
synonyms: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2
synonyms: brahma homolog
chromosome location: 9p24.3
definition: SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit ATPase 2
gene group: SNF2 related family|Bromodomain containing|BAF complex subunits|GBAF complex subunits
gene group id: 1190|1232|1604|1606
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11098

SMN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
synonyms: BCD541|SMNT|SMA1|SMA2|SMA3|GEMIN1|TDRD16A
synonyms: SMA@|SMA
synonyms: gemin-1|tudor domain containing 16A
synonyms: spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Kugelberg-Welander disease)
chromosome location: 5q13.2
definition: survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric
gene group: Tudor domain containing|SMN complex|Proteins encoded by multiple genes
gene group id: 780|1500|2293
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11117

SMN2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: BCD541|SMNC|GEMIN1|TDRD16B
synonyms: tudor domain containing 16B
chromosome location: 5q13.2
definition: survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric
gene group: Tudor domain containing|SMN complex|Proteins encoded by multiple genes
gene group id: 780|1500|2293
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11118

SMPD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: ASM
synonyms: acid sphingomyelinase|Niemann-Pick type A/B
synonyms: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal
chromosome location: 11p15.4
definition: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11120

SMPD4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20297|FLJ20756|nSMase-3|KIAA1418|NSMASE3|NET13
synonyms: neutral sphingomyelinase-3
synonyms: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3)
chromosome location: 2q21.1
definition: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:32949

SMTNL1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CHASM
synonyms: calponin homology-associated smooth muscle protein
chromosome location: 11q12.1
definition: smoothelin like 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:32394

SNCA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: NACP|PD1
synonyms: PARK1|PARK4
synonyms: Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant, Lewy body) 4|synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)
synonyms: non A4 component of amyloid precursor|alpha-synuclein|α-synuclein
chromosome location: 4q22.1
definition: synuclein alpha
gene group: Synuclein family
gene group id: 3474
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11138

SNX27
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MY014|KIAA0488|MGC20471
synonyms: sorting nexin family member 27
chromosome location: 1q21.3
definition: sorting nexin 27
gene group: Sorting nexins|PDZ domain containing
gene group id: 754|1220
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:20073

SOD1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ALS|ALS1
synonyms: IPOA
synonyms: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)|superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
chromosome location: 21q22.11
definition: superoxide dismutase 1
gene group: Superoxide dismutases
gene group id: 1929
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11179

SORCS3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA1059|SORCS
synonyms: sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3
chromosome location: 10q25.1
definition: sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16699

SORL1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C11orf32
synonyms: LDLR relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats
synonyms: chromosome 11 open reading frame 32|sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats-containing
synonyms: gp250|LR11|LRP9|SorLA|SorLA-1
chromosome location: 11q24.1
definition: sortilin related receptor 1
gene group: Fibronectin type III domain containing
gene group id: 555
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11185

SORT1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
synonyms: Gp95|NT3
chromosome location: 1p13.3
definition: sortilin 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11186

SPAST
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: FSP2|ADPSP|KIAA1083
synonyms: SPG4
synonyms: spastic paraplegia 4 (autosomal dominant; spastin)
chromosome location: 2p22.3
definition: spastin
gene group: AAA ATPases
gene group id: 413
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11233

SPG7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: CAR|SPG5C
synonyms: CMAR
synonyms: cell matrix adhesion regulator|spastic paraplegia 7 (pure and complicated autosomal recessive)
synonyms: paraplegin
chromosome location: 16q24.3
definition: SPG7 matrix AAA peptidase subunit, paraplegin
gene group: AAA ATPases
gene group id: 413
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11237

SQSTM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: PDB3|OSIL
synonyms: Paget disease of bone 3|oxidative stress induced like
synonyms: autophagy receptor p62
synonyms: p62|p60|p62B|A170
chromosome location: 5q35.3
definition: sequestosome 1
gene group: Zinc fingers ZZ-type
gene group id: 91
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11280

SREBF2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SREBP2|bHLHd2
synonyms: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
chromosome location: 22q13.2
definition: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2
gene group: Basic helix-loop-helix proteins|MicroRNA protein coding host genes
gene group id: 420|1691
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11290

SRR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ILV1|ISO1
chromosome location: 17p13.3
definition: serine racemase
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:14398

STARD6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: START domain containing 6
chromosome location: 18q21.2
definition: StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 6
gene group: StAR related lipid transfer domain containing
gene group id: 759
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18066

STEAP1B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 7p15.3
definition: STEAP family member 1B
gene group: STEAP family
gene group id: 1324
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:41907

STH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MAPTIT
synonyms: microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) intronic transcript
chromosome location: 17q21.31
definition: saitohin
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18839

STK39
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DCHT|SPAK
synonyms: STE20/SPS1 homolog (yeast)
synonyms: serine threonine kinase 39
chromosome location: 2q24.3
definition: serine/threonine kinase 39
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17717

STX12
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: STX13|STX14
chromosome location: 1p35.3
definition: syntaxin 12
gene group: Syntaxins
gene group id: 818
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11430

STX6
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
chromosome location: 1q25.3
definition: syntaxin 6
gene group: Syntaxins
gene group id: 818
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11441

SUMO1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: PIC1|GMP1|SMT3C|SUMO-1|SMT3H3|OFC10
synonyms: UBL1
synonyms: ubiquitin-like 1 (sentrin)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (yeast)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae)
chromosome location: 2q33.1
definition: small ubiquitin like modifier 1
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12502

SUMO2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SMT3 (suppressor of mif two 3, yeast) homolog 2|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (yeast)|SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae)
synonyms: SMT3B
synonyms: SMT3H2
chromosome location: 17q25
definition: small ubiquitin like modifier 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11125

SUN3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: MGC33329
synonyms: SUNC1
synonyms: Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 1
chromosome location: 7p12.3
definition: Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 3
gene group: SUN family
gene group id: 1968
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22429

SV2C
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: SLC22B3
synonyms: solute carrier family 22 member B3
chromosome location: 5q13.3
definition: synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C
gene group: Solute carrier family 22
gene group id: 2173
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:30670

SYMPK
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: SYM|SPK|Pta1
synonyms: symplekin
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: symplekin scaffold protein
gene group: Armadillo like helical domain containing
gene group id: 1492
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22935

SYTL2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20163|FLJ21219|KIAA1597|exophilin-4|CHR11SYT|SLP2|SGA72M|MGC102768|PPP1R151
synonyms: chromosome 11 synaptotagmin|breast cancer-associated antigen SGA-72M|protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 151
chromosome location: 11q14.1
definition: synaptotagmin like 2
gene group: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Synaptotagmin like tandem C2 proteins
gene group id: 694|822
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15585

Sausage
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:4977122
synonyms: consumption of sausage
synonyms: sausage meat
synonyms: sausages
definition: A food product that is highly seasoned minced meat and is encased in a skin in the shape of a cylinder. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03315904
description: < 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 3.9 (1.1, 13.9) >= 2 times/months: OR(95%CI): 5.4 (1.4, 20.0) Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.
reference: FOODON:03315904

Secondary dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Continual dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: acquired dystonia
is defined by: Secondary dystonia results from environmental or other damage to the brain, or from exposure to certain types of medications.

Segmental dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Segmental dystonia affects two or more adjacent parts of the body.

Sensory symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Sensory symptoms are part of PD in the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder and are reported in 40%-50% of patients.

Sexual dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Tuite, P. J. (2009). Parkinson's Disease: A Guide to Patient Care. Springer Publishing Company.
synonyms: genitourinary dysfunction
is defined by: Sexual dysfunction may involve a reduction in sex drive with difficulty becoming aroused, difficulty achieving and sustaining an erection, inability to reach orgasm, or pain with sexual activity.

Shuffling gait
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: Walking stooped forward with short, shuffling steps is perhaps the most distinctive gait disturbance of Parkinson’s. In this gait, the person’s feet barely clear the surface when walking, or one or both feet may drag.

Sialorrhoea
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Parkinson's Disease. Second Edition. Edited by Manuchair Ebadi and Ronald F . Pfeiffer. CRC Press 2013.
synonyms: drooling
is defined by: Excessive saliva production and drooling.

Sign or Symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: CLINICAL FINDING
synonyms: Clinical Finding
synonyms: Clinical Signs
synonyms: Clinical Signs or Symptoms
synonyms: Signs or Symptoms
definition: Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining practitioner (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C100104
reference: NCIT:C100104

Silica
type: Class
subclass of: Food additives
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:10901330
synonyms: SiO2
synonyms: silicon dioxide
definition: a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2)
definition: ≥ 11.25 mg/L: OR: 0.61(0.41, 0.91) high silica levels were associated with a lower risk of dementia and AD.

Simple kinetic tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Kinetic tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Occurs during voluntary movements that are not goal directed.

Sleep attack
type: Class
subclass of: Sleep disturbance
reference: Schapira, A. H. (2000). Sleep attacks (sleep episodes) with pergolide. The Lancet, 355(9212), 1332-1333.
is defined by: The terms sleep attack implies abrupt and uncontrollable onset of sleep, which seems to be always preceded by a prodrome of sleepness.

Sleep disturbance
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: disturbed sleep
synonyms: sleep problems
is defined by: Problems in falling or staying asleep are common in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Sleeping
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Sleep
synonyms: sleep
synonyms: sleeping
definition: A natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C73425
reference: NCIT:C73425

Smoking
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: Smoke
definition: The act of puffing and/or inhaling the combustion products of a substance so as to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C154329
reference: NCIT:C154329
reference: smoke
reference: smoking

Social Behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Behavior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
disjoint with: Individual Behavior/Others
synonyms: cooperative behavior
definition: Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. Behavior such as predation which involves members of different species is not social. Communication between members of different species is also not social behavior. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035176
reference: GO:0035176

Social factors
type: Class
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Sociological Factors
synonyms: social factor
synonyms: social factors
definition: Attributes and experiences that influence an individual's personality, attitudes, and lifestyle, which are derived from the social values and/or behavior of the groups to which an individual belongs, or aspires to belong. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D066252
reference: mesh:D066252

Sour cream
type: Class
subclass of: Dairy products
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:12447934
synonyms: soured cream
definition: SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid with smooth consistency FOODON:03430119 * partially heat-treated FOODON:03440018 * cream food product FOODON:00001216 * lactic acid fermentation process FOODON:03460101 * food homogenization or emulsification process FOODON:03460306 * pasteurization by heating FOODON:03470135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03302515
description: >1 servings/week: RR(95%CI): 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) Among men, PD risk increased significantly with greater intakes of cream cheese, other cheese, and sour cream, and marginally with skim or low fat milk intake
reference: FOODON:03302515

Soy food products
type: Class
subclass of: Grains
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:24440006
synonyms: soybean food product
definition: A seed of a soyabean plant (Glycine max). A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002266
definition: Consumption of soy food products may contribute to the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's dementia and other dementiae.
reference: FOODON:00002266

Sporadic dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Primary dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: A case of dystonia that is genetic or presumed to be genetic when the affected person does not have a history of dystonia in the family.

Start hesitation
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing
reference: Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376.

Statin
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: statin drugs
synonyms: statins
definition: Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87631
reference: CHEBI:87631

Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Physical fitness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Physical strength
synonyms: muscle organ strength
synonyms: muscular strength
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001230
definition: [muscle organ strength] The strength of a muscle organ. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA_1000079
reference: OBA:1000079
reference: PATO:0001230

Stress
type: Class
subclass of: Psychology
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: NCIT:C35041
synonyms: Psychological stress
synonyms: Stress (biology)
synonyms: pressure
synonyms: strain
synonyms: stress
synonyms: tension
definition: The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C35041

Supplementation
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
synonyms: NCIT:C15425
synonyms: Nutritional Supplementation
synonyms: nutritional supplementation
synonyms: supplementation
definition: The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15425

Surgical therapy
type: Class
subclass of: Medical methods
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Operation
synonyms: Surgery
synonyms: Surgery Type
synonyms: Surgical Intervention
synonyms: Surgical Procedure
definition: A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15329
reference: NCIT:C15329

Swallowing disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Miller, N., Noble, E., Jones, D., & Burn, D. (2006). Hard to swallow: dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Age and ageing, 35(6), 614-618.
synonyms: swallowing disturbance
synonyms: swallowing dysfunction
is defined by: Swallowing dysfunction occurs from the earliest stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), even in asymptomatic cases. Changes range from drooling (despite indications of decreased salivary production in PD; food residues in the oral sulci long after meals; poor bolus formation; slowed oral transit; repeated tongue pumping for retropulsion of the bolus; delayed triggering of the pharyngeal swallow reflex; reduced diameter but prolonged opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter; to vallecular stasis, residue in the piriform sinuses with risk of aspiration and true aspiration.

Swelling
type: Class
subclass of: general symptom
IAO_0000115: Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation
IAO_0000412: ncit.owl
NCIT NHC0: C3399
NCIT P106: Sign or Symptom
NCIT P108: Swelling
NCIT P207: C0038999
NCIT P317: Patient Code (Appendix B)
NCIT P322: FDA
NCIT P366: Swelling
has exact synonym: Swelling

Symptom
type: Class
subclass of: NDDRFO
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789.9
has db xref: SyOID:12097
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159065
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284267
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284268
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000462
definition: A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease.

Symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_symptom
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
reference: http://www.limics.fr/ontologies/ontoparonmed#SigneEtSymptome
reference: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Symptom of Parkinson disease
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_symptom
  some values from: Parkinson disease
reference: http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2011/1/Ontology1296772722296.owl#Symptom_of_Parkinson_disease
reference: www.medicalnewstoday.com
is defined by: Symptom is something the patient feels and describes. Parkinson’s disease causes problems with movement, cognitive problems, neurobehavioral problems, as well as sensory and sleep difficulties. The signs and symptoms usually begin gradually, slowly and often randomly (in no set order).

Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: syndrome
definition: A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28193
reference: NCIT:C28193

Synucleinopathies
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Synucleinopathy
synonyms: a-Synucleinopathies
synonyms: a-Synucleinopathy
synonyms: alpha Synuclein Pathologies
synonyms: alpha Synuclein Pathology
synonyms: alpha Synucleinopathies
synonyms: alpha-Synucleinopathies
synonyms: alpha-Synucleinopathy
definition: Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN in dopaminergic neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of alpha-synuclein proteins results in LEWY BODIES and Lewy neurites; melanin granules in the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and LOCUS COERULEUS; and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Synucleinopathies are associated with mutation in the ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (SNCA) gene on chromosome 4. PARKINSON DISEASE; LEWY BODY DISEASE with dementia; and MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY are prominent examples of synucleinopathy. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000080874
reference: mesh:D000080874

Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
type: Class
subclass of: Symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_symptom
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
reference: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ado.owl

TARDBP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: TDP-43|ALS10
chromosome location: 1p36.22
definition: TAR DNA binding protein
gene group: RNA binding motif containing
gene group id: 725
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11571

TBC1D4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Akt substrate of 160 kDa
synonyms: KIAA0603|AS160|DKFZp779C0666
synonyms: TBC1 domain family, member 4
chromosome location: 13q22.2
definition: TBC1 domain family member 4
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:19165

TBP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: GTF2D1|SCA17
synonyms: Spinocerebellar ataxia 17
synonyms: TFIID|TBP1
chromosome location: 6q27
definition: TATA-box binding protein
gene group: General transcription factors|General transcription factor IID complex subunits|General transcription factor IIIB complex subunits
gene group id: 565|1878|1879
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11588

TCF7
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: T-cell-factor-7
synonyms: TCF-1
synonyms: transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, HMG-box)
chromosome location: 5q31.1
definition: transcription factor 7
gene group: TCF/LEF transcription factor family|Wnt enhanceosome complex
gene group id: 1549|1677
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11639

TCTX
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
definition: Tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD4+ T cells
description: DNA_Methylation_cg10917602_site
locus group: Transcriptome or Gene expression
reference: GEO: GSE230230
reference: PMID:27466229
reference: PRJNA958099

TDP-43 Proteinopathies
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Proteinopathies, TDP-43
synonyms: Proteinopathy, TDP-43
synonyms: TDP 43 Proteinopathies
synonyms: TDP-43 Proteinopathy
definition: Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D057177
reference: mesh:D057177

TENM4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: KIAA1302|Ten-M4|TEN4|DOC4
synonyms: ODZ4
synonyms: downstream of CHOP 4
synonyms: odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 4 (Drosophila)
chromosome location: 11q14.1
definition: teneurin transmembrane protein 4
gene group: MicroRNA protein coding host genes|Teneurin transmembrane protein family
gene group id: 1691|2150
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29945

TEPSIN
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: AP-4 accessory protein
synonyms: C17orf56|ENTHD2
synonyms: FLJ31528
synonyms: chromosome 17 open reading frame 56|ENTH domain containing 2
chromosome location: 17q25.3
definition: TEPSIN adaptor related protein complex 4 accessory protein
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26458

TESK2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: testis-specific kinase 2
chromosome location: 1p34.1
definition: testis associated actin remodelling kinase 2
gene group: LIMK/TESK kinase family
gene group id: 1617
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11732

TFAM
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TCF6|TCF6L2
chromosome location: 10q21.1
definition: transcription factor A, mitochondrial
gene group: Mitochondrial transcription initiation complex subunits
gene group id: 2289
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11741

TG
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: TGN|AITD3
chromosome location: 8q24.22
definition: thyroglobulin
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11764

TGFB1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: CED|TGFbeta
synonyms: Camurati-Engelmann disease|prepro-transforming growth factor beta-1|Diaphyseal dysplasia 1, progressive
synonyms: TGFB|DPD1
synonyms: transforming growth factor, beta 1
chromosome location: 19q13.2
definition: transforming growth factor beta 1
gene group: Transforming growth factor beta family
gene group id: 1664
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11766

TH
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DYT5b
synonyms: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
chromosome location: 11p15.5
definition: tyrosine hydroxylase
gene group: Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family
gene group id: 3458
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11782

THBS2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TSP2
chromosome location: 6q27
definition: thrombospondin 2
gene group: Thrombospondin family
gene group id: 2231
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11786

THG1L
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: ICF45|FLJ11601|FLJ20546|IHG-1|hTHG1
synonyms: interphase cytoplasmic foci protein 45|induced by high glucose-1
synonyms: tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)|tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1-like
chromosome location: 5q33.3
definition: tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1 like
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26053

THSD7A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: KIAA0960
chromosome location: 7p21.3
definition: thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22207

TIAM1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1
chromosome location: 21q22.11
definition: TIAM Rac1 associated GEF 1
gene group: Pleckstrin homology domain containing|Dbl family Rho GEFs|PDZ domain containing
gene group id: 682|722|1220
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11805

TLR2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TIL4|CD282
synonyms: toll-like receptor 2
chromosome location: 4q31.3
definition: toll like receptor 2
gene group: CD molecules|Toll like receptors
gene group id: 471|948
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11848

TLR4
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: hToll|CD284|TLR-4|ARMD10
synonyms: toll-like receptor 4
chromosome location: 9q33.1
definition: toll like receptor 4
gene group: CD molecules|Toll like receptors
gene group id: 471|948
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11850

TMED10
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TMP21|P24(DELTA)|p24d1|p24delta1|p23
synonyms: transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast)
chromosome location: 14q24.3
definition: transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 10
gene group: Transmembrane p24 trafficking proteins
gene group id: 1064
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:16998

TMEM106B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: MGC33727|FLJ11273
chromosome location: 7p21.3
definition: transmembrane protein 106B
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:22407

TMEM163
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: DKFZP566N034|SV31|SLC30A11
chromosome location: 2q21.3
definition: transmembrane protein 163
gene group: Solute carrier family 30
gene group id: 2181
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25380

TMEM175
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: MGC4618
chromosome location: 4p16.3
definition: transmembrane protein 175
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:28709

TMEM278
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TMEM88B
synonyms: transmembrane protein 88B
chromosome location: 1p36.33
definition: transmembrane protein 278
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:37099

TNF
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TNF superfamily, member 2
synonyms: TNFA
synonyms: TNFSF2|DIF|TNF-alpha
synonyms: tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
chromosome location: 6p21.33
definition: tumor necrosis factor
gene group: Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
gene group id: 781
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11892

TNFRSF10A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DR4|Apo2|TRAILR-1|CD261|TRAILR1
synonyms: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a
chromosome location: 8p21.3
definition: TNF receptor superfamily member 10a
gene group: CD molecules|Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
gene group id: 471|782
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11904

TNFRSF13C
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: BAFFR|CD268
synonyms: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13C
chromosome location: 22q13.2
definition: TNF receptor superfamily member 13C
gene group: CD molecules|Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
gene group id: 471|782
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17755

TNFRSF1A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TNF-R|TNFAR|TNFR60|TNF-R-I|CD120a|TNF-R55
synonyms: TNFR1
synonyms: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A
chromosome location: 12p13.31
definition: TNF receptor superfamily member 1A
gene group: CD molecules|Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
gene group id: 471|782
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11916

TOMM40
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: PEREC1|D19S1177E|C19orf1|TOM40|PER-EC1
synonyms: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)
chromosome location: 19q13.32
definition: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40
gene group: Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane complex
gene group id: 1229
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18001

TOX
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA0808|TOX1
chromosome location: 8q12.1
definition: thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box
gene group: thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box family
gene group id: 2151
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:18988

TP53
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
synonyms: Li-Fraumeni syndrome
synonyms: p53|LFS1
chromosome location: 17p13.1
definition: tumor protein p53
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:11998

TRAF3IP2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C6orf4|C6orf5|C6orf6|C6orf2
synonyms: DKFZP586G0522|ACT1|CIKS
synonyms: chromosome 6 open reading frame 5|chromosome 6 open reading frame 2
chromosome location: 6q21
definition: TRAF3 interacting protein 2
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:1343

TREM2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: TREM-2|Trem2a|Trem2b|Trem2c
synonyms: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a
chromosome location: 6p21.1
definition: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
gene group: V-set domain containing
gene group id: 590
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:17761

TREML2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C6orf76
synonyms: FLJ13693|TLT2|dJ238O23.1
synonyms: TREM-like transcript 2
synonyms: chromosome 6 open reading frame 76|triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 2
chromosome location: 6p21.1
definition: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like 2
gene group: V-set domain containing
gene group id: 590
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21092

TSC2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: TSC4
synonyms: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 160
synonyms: tuberin|LAM|PPP1R160
synonyms: tuberous sclerosis 2
chromosome location: 16p13.3
definition: TSC complex subunit 2
gene group: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Armadillo like helical domain containing|TSC complex
gene group id: 694|1492|1497
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12363

TSHZ2
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: C20orf17|ZNF218
synonyms: ZABC2|OVC10-2|TSH2
synonyms: chromosome 20 open reading frame 17|zinc finger protein 218|teashirt family zinc finger 2
chromosome location: 20q13.2
definition: teashirt zinc finger homeobox 2
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type|ZF class homeoboxes and pseudogenes
gene group id: 28|529
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13010

TTC38
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ20699
chromosome location: 22q13.31
definition: tetratricopeptide repeat domain 38
gene group: Tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing
gene group id: 769
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26082

TTLL13
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ46079|MGC33417
synonyms: TTLL13P
synonyms: tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 13|tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 13, pseudogene|tubulin tyrosine ligase like 13, pseudogene
chromosome location: 15q26.1
definition: tubulin tyrosine ligase like 13
gene group: Tubulin tyrosine ligase family
gene group id: 779
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:32484

TXNRD3
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: TR2|TRXR3|TGR|TR2IT1|TXNRD3NT1|TXNR3
synonyms: TXNRD3NB|TXNRD3IT1
synonyms: thioredoxin glutathione reductase|selenoprotein TXNRD3
synonyms: thioredoxin reductase 3 neighbor |thioredoxin reductase 3 intronic transcript 1
chromosome location: 3q21.3
definition: thioredoxin reductase 3
gene group: Glutaredoxin domain containing|Selenoproteins|Flavoproteins
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:20667

TYROBP
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DAP12|PLO-SL|KARAP
synonyms: PLOSL
synonyms: killer activating receptor associated protein|DNAX-activation protein 12|DNAX adaptor protein 12
synonyms: polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy|TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein
chromosome location: 19q13.12
definition: transmembrane immune signaling adaptor TYROBP
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12449

Tai Chi
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: tai chi
definition: A form of traditional Chinese mind/body exercise and meditation that uses slow sets of body movements and controlled breathing. Tai chi is done to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C93099
reference: NCIT:C93099

Tardive dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: Dyskinesia
reference: Hankey, G. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2008). Clinical neurology. Manson publishing.
is defined by: Continuous dyskinesias characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements that are neuroleptic-induced.

Targeted medicine
type: Class
subclass of: Medicine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Anti-tumor Targeted Therapy Agent
synonyms: Molecularly Targeted Therapy Agent
synonyms: Targeted Agent
synonyms: Targeted Therapeutic Agent
synonyms: Targeted Therapy Agent
definition: Any agent that specifically targets or interferes with the synthesis or function of a molecule that is expressed specifically in or on cells of the tumor and/or the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune cells or surrounding blood vessels. The targeted molecule is usually overexpressed or mutated in tumors but minimally or not expressed by normal, healthy tissues; additionally, expression is typically associated with tumor cell proliferation, progression and/or survival. By blocking the function or expression of the tumor-associated target, the targeted therapy agent may exert potential antineoplastic and/or immunomodulatory activities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C163758
reference: NCIT:C163758

Task-specific kinetic tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Kinetic tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: May appear or become exacerbated during specific activities.

Task specific tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Primary writing tremor
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
synonyms: Type A tremor
is defined by: It is characterized by tremor appearing only during writing.

Tea drinking
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Tea
definition: A drink made by pouring hot water onto the dried leaves, fruit, or flowers of plants, especially the leaves of Camellia sinensis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C178191
reference: NCIT:C86036

Thyroid diseases
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: Disease, Thyroid
synonyms: Diseases, Thyroid
synonyms: Thyroid Disease
definition: Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013959
reference: mesh:D013959

Tightening sensation
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Tingling sensation
type: Class
subclass of: Sensory symptom
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Tissue
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical factor
synonyms: Normal Tissue
synonyms: TISSUE
synonyms: Tissue, NOS
synonyms: Tissues
synonyms: tissue
definition: An anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C12801
reference: NCIT:C12801

Tomato
type: Class
subclass of: Vegetable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
PMID: PMID:33577362
synonyms: tomatoes
definition: tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is a plant whose fruit is an edible berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originated from western South America, and may have been domesticated there or in Mexico. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C72019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato
description: development of promising nutritional strategies to increase the levels of tomato consumption for the prevention or treatment of AD and other dementias.
reference: NCIT:C72019

Torsion dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: Centralized dystonia
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Also known as dystonia musculorum deformans, is a disease characterized by painful muscle contractions resulting in uncontrollable distortions.

Tourette Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
synonyms: Syndrome, Tourette
synonyms: Tourette Disease
synonyms: Tourette Disorder
synonyms: Tourette's Disease
synonyms: Tourette's Disorder
synonyms: Tourette's Syndrome
synonyms: Tourettes Disease
synonyms: Tourettes Disorder
synonyms: Tourettes Syndrome
definition: A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005879
reference: mesh:D005879

Trace element
type: Class
subclass of: Diet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Micro element
synonyms: Micronutrient
synonyms: Trace Nutrient
synonyms: dietary minerals
synonyms: micronutrient
synonyms: trace elements
definition: Trace elements or dietary minerals are any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. The term is also used to designate these elements and compounds containing them. (NCI) A substance the body needs in tiny amounts to grow and stay healthy. Examples are vitamins and minerals. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C896
reference: NCIT:C896

Trauma
type: Class
subclass of: Epidemiological factors
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: Wound
synonyms: injury
synonyms: trauma
synonyms: traumatic injury
synonyms: wound
definition: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000546
reference: EFO:0000546

Travel
type: Class
subclass of: Habit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: Journey
synonyms: Tourism
synonyms: Travelling
synonyms: Trip
synonyms: journey
synonyms: travel
synonyms: travelling
synonyms: trip
definition: The act of going from one place to another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C53462
reference: NCIT:C53462

Treadmill Exercise
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Treadmill
definition: A piece of exercise equipment used to walk or run on, for the purposes of cardiovascular training or testing. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C88163
reference: NCIT:C88163

Tremor
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Parkinson disease
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Tremor is a rhythmic oscillation of at least one functional body region.

Trismus
type: Class
subclass of: Bulbar dysfunction
definition: Trismus refers to restricted movement of the jaw muscles, typically from increased musculoskeletal tone. Increased masseter tone from UMN dysfunction can cause trismus in patients with ALS. Involuntary jaw clenching with biting of the sides of the tongue and cheeks may also be present. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448

Tuberous Sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
synonyms: Sclerosis Tuberosa
synonyms: Sclerosis, Tuberose
synonyms: Sclerosis, Tuberous
synonyms: Tuberose Sclerosis
synonyms: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
definition: Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014402
reference: mesh:D014402

Tumour
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tuberous Sclerosis
synonyms: Cancer
synonyms: Cancers
synonyms: Neoplasm
synonyms: Neoplasms
synonyms: Oncology
synonyms: Tumor
synonyms: Tumors
synonyms: Tumours
definition: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009369
reference: mesh:D009369

Turn hesitation
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing

Turning
type: Class
subclass of: Gait disturbance
reference: Mosley, A. D., Romaine, D. S., & Samii, A. (2010). The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
synonyms: changing direction
is defined by: Changing direction, or turning, becomes a challenge for many people with Parkinson’s and is a function of movement during which the risk for falling is high. The person with Parkinson’s attempts to accommodate the loss of these abilities by using small, shuffling steps to move in an arc when changing direction.

UBAP1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: UBAP
synonyms: ubiquitin associated protein
chromosome location: 9p13.3
definition: ubiquitin associated protein 1
gene group: ESCRT-I
gene group id: 1116
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12461

UBASH3B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIAA1959|STS-1|TULA2|TULA-2
synonyms: SH3 domain-containing 70 kDa protein, suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling 1, nm23-phosphorylated unknown substrate|T-cell ubiquitin ligand 2
chromosome location: 11q24.1
definition: ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B
gene group: Protein phosphatases
gene group id: 703
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29884

UBQLN1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DSK2|PLIC-1|XDRP1|DA41
synonyms: Protein linking IAP with cytoskeleton 1|DSK2 homolog (yeast)
chromosome location: 9q21.32
definition: ubiquilin 1
gene group: Ubiquilin family
gene group id: 783
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12508

UCHL1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: PARK5
synonyms: PGP9.5|Uch-L1|UCHL-1
synonyms: ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)
synonyms: ubiquitin thiolesterase
chromosome location: 4p13
definition: ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1
gene group: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases
gene group id: 998
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12513

UGT3A1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: FLJ34658
synonyms: UDP glycosyltransferase 3 family, polypeptide A1
chromosome location: 5p13.2
definition: UDP glycosyltransferase family 3 member A1
gene group: UDP glucuronosyltransferases
gene group id: 363
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26625

UNC13A
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
synonyms: KIAA1032|Munc13-1
synonyms: unc-13 homolog A (C. elegans)
chromosome location: 19p13.11
definition: unc-13 homolog A
gene group: UNC13 homologs
gene group id: 836
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:23150

Urinary dysfunction
type: Class
subclass of: Autonomic dysfunction
reference: Jankovic, J. J. T. E., & Tolosa. (2007). Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. E. Tolosa (Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
is defined by: Urinary symptoms are very common in Parkinson's disease (PD). They are primarily irritative (frequency, urgency, urge incontinence) and correlate with the urodynamic finding of involuntary detrusor contractions at early stages of bladder filling (detrusor hyperreflexia).

VAPB
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C
synonyms: VAP-B|VAP-C|ALS8
chromosome location: 20q13.32
definition: VAMP associated protein B and C
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12649

VDR
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: NR1I1|PPP1R163
synonyms: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 163|1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor
synonyms: vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor
chromosome location: 12q13.11
definition: vitamin D receptor
gene group: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I
gene group id: 694|2084
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12679

VEGFA
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: VEGF
synonyms: VEGF-A|VPF
synonyms: vascular endothelial growth factor
chromosome location: 6p21.1
definition: vascular endothelial growth factor A
gene group: VEGF family
gene group id: 1267
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:12680

VSTM5
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: C11orf90
synonyms: LOC387804
synonyms: chromosome 11 open reading frame 90
chromosome location: 11q21
definition: V-set and transmembrane domain containing 5
gene group: V-set domain containing
gene group id: 590
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:34443

Vegetable
type: Class
subclass of: Food
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contradictory effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Veg
synonyms: Vegetables
synonyms: Veggie
synonyms: Veggies
synonyms: consumption of vegetable
definition: Any of various herbaceous plants or their parts cultivated for food. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C178192
reference: NCIT:C178192

Vitamin intake
type: Class
subclass of: Nutrient substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy Body Disease
synonyms: Vitamin
synonyms: Vitamin consumption
synonyms: Vitamins
synonyms: vitamin
definition: A group of organic food substances found in animals and plants in small quantities. They must be supplied in diet or dietary supplement and are essential for normal metabolism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C944
reference: NCIT:C944

Vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: digestive system symptom
IAO_0000115: Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
IAO_0000412: hp.owl
has db xref: MEDDRA:10047700
has db xref: MSH:D014839
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US:249497008
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US:300359004
has db xref: SNOMEDCT_US:422400008
has db xref: UMLS:C0042963
has exact synonym: Emesis
has exact synonym: Throwing up
has exact synonym: Vomiting
has OBO namespace: human_phenotype
id: HP:0002013
in subset: hposlim core

WDR49
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: FLJ33620
chromosome location: 3q26.1
definition: WD repeat domain 49
gene group: WD repeat domain containing
gene group id: 362
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26587

WWC1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: KIBRA|KIAA0869|PPP1R168
synonyms: WW, C2 and coiled-coil domain containing 1
synonyms: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 168
chromosome location: 5q34
definition: WW and C2 domain containing 1
gene group: WWC family|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits|C2 and WW domain containing
gene group id: 158|694|838
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29435

Water Sports
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: Boating
synonyms: Canoeing
synonyms: Kayaking
synonyms: Polo, Water
synonyms: Rowing
synonyms: Skiing, Water
synonyms: Sport, Water
synonyms: Sports, Water
synonyms: Surfboarding
synonyms: Surfing, Wave
synonyms: Water Polo
synonyms: Water Skiing
synonyms: Water Sport
synonyms: Water-Ski
synonyms: Wave Surfing
definition: Activities or games performed in a body of water. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000073678
reference: mesh:D000073678

Water intake
type: Class
subclass of: Drinks
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
synonyms: H2O
synonyms: Water
synonyms: water consumption
definition: H2O, a clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C65147
reference: NCIT:C65147

Wearing off
type: Class
subclass of: Long term complication of medication
reference: Mosley A.D., Romaine D.S. & Samii A. (2010) The Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease. Infobase Publishing.
is defined by: A period during which dosage of one of the ANTI-PARKINSON’S MEDICATIONS should still be effective but is not. Wearing-off is an indication that LEVODOPA is losing its ability to meet the brain’s DOPAMINE needs.

Weight
type: Class
subclass of: Physical fitness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Body Weight
synonyms: MASS
synonyms: mass
synonyms: patient weight
synonyms: subject weight
synonyms: subjectWeight
synonyms: weight
definition: A measurement that describes the vertical force exerted by a mass of the patient as a result of gravity.; The weight of a subject. (NCI); Patient weight in kilograms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C81328
reference: NCIT:C81328

Whale meat
type: Class
subclass of: Fish
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:18455239
synonyms: mesh:D014907
synonyms: whale meat food product
definition: Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014907
description: Often whale meat consumption: OR(95%CI): 6.53 (3.02, 14.14) Increased intake of whale meat and blubber in adult life was significantly associated with PD, thus suggesting a positive association between previous exposure to marine food contaminants and development of PD.
reference: FOODON:00002346

White meat
type: Class
subclass of: Meat
synonyms: consumption of white meat
definition: In culinary terms, white meat is meat which is pale in color before and after cooking. In traditional gastronomy, white meat also includes rabbit, the flesh of milk-fed young mammals (in particular veal and lamb), and sometimes pork. In ecotrophology and nutritional studies, white meat includes poultry and fish, but excludes all mammal flesh, which is considered red meat. [wikipedia]
reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_meat

Wild mushroom
type: Class
subclass of: Vegetable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
PMID: PMID:34216974
synonyms: Wild mushrooms
synonyms: toadstool
definition: A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom Includes any product that can be described/observed as several types of fresh mushrooms sparsely cultivated or found wild which should be identified on attribute level. Specifically excludes: Prepared, Processed and Shelf Stable wild mushrooms, excludes LanguaL curation note: Index geographical origin in facet R, growing method (conventional, organic) in facet Z, and variety in facet B. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03401559
description: This finding supports the hypothesis that genotoxins of fungal origin may induce motor neuron degeneration.
reference: FOODON:03401559

Wine
type: Class
subclass of: Alcohol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
PMID: PMID:18307243
PMID: PMID:26952952
synonyms: Wine intake
synonyms: vino
definition: An alcoholic beverage created from fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C66822
description: > 21 glasses/week: 0.21 (0.05, 0.93) Controls drank more alcohol than did cases and the risk of MSA decreased with increasing alcohol consumption (P = 0.04).
description: Wine: OR(95%CI): 28.28(6.65, 125) PD was found to be positively associated with coffee and alcohol consumption.
reference: NCIT:C66822

YDJC
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: YdjC homolog (bacterial)
chromosome location: 22q11.21
definition: YdjC chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:27158

Yoga
type: Class
subclass of: Physical activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Yoga Therapy
synonyms: yoga
definition: An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation, and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems in cancer patients. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64897
reference: NCIT:C64897

ZAR1
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Z3CXXC6
synonyms: zinc finger, 3CxxC-type 6
chromosome location: 4p11
definition: zygote arrest 1
gene group: Zinc fingers 3CxxC-type
gene group id: 137
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:20436

ZCCHC9
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: DKFZp761J139|PPP1R41
synonyms: protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 41
chromosome location: 5q14.1
definition: zinc finger CCHC-type containing 9
gene group: Zinc fingers CCHC-type|Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits
gene group id: 74|694
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:25424

ZFP64
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
synonyms: FLJ10734|dJ831D17.1|FLJ12628|dJ548G19.1
synonyms: ZNF338
synonyms: zinc finger protein 338|zinc finger protein 64 homolog (mouse)|zinc finger protein 64
chromosome location: 20q13.2
definition: ZFP64 zinc finger protein
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type
gene group id: 28
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:15940

ZNF512B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: GM632|MGC149845|MGC149846
chromosome location: 20q13.33
definition: zinc finger protein 512B
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type
gene group id: 28
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:29212

ZNF596
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
chromosome location: 8p23.3
definition: zinc finger protein 596
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type|KRAB domain containing
gene group id: 28|3480
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:27268

ZNF778
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ31875
chromosome location: 16q24.3
definition: zinc finger protein 778
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type|KRAB domain containing
gene group id: 28|3480
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:26479

ZNF804B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: FLJ32110
synonyms: zinc finger 804B
chromosome location: 7q21.13
definition: zinc finger protein 804B
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type
gene group id: 28
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:21958

ZNF90
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: HTF9
synonyms: zinc finger protein 90 (HTF9)
chromosome location: 19p12
definition: zinc finger protein 90
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type|KRAB domain containing
gene group id: 28|3480
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:13165

ZSCAN5B
type: Class
subclass of: protein-coding gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
synonyms: ZNF495B|ZNF371
chromosome location: 19q13.43
definition: zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5B
gene group: Zinc fingers C2H2-type|SCAN domain containing
gene group id: 28|42
locus group: protein-coding gene
reference: HGNC:34246

abdominal pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789.0
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789.00
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0000737
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0387333
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0637138
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000457

abdominal symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:789.9
has db xref: SyOID:12097
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159065
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284267
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284268
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000461

amnestic symptom
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom including impairment in learning and recalling of recently learned information, loss of memory, disorientation with time and space, lack of insight to their memory loss and being aware of their memory loss but not being able to understand why.
has db xref: https://hospitals.aku.edu/pakistan/diseases-and-conditions/Pages/amnestic-disorder.aspx

arm weakness
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
definition: Hand weakness causes difficulty manipulating small objects (buttons, zippers, coins) and using writing instruments. Proximal arm weakness results in difficulty elevating the arm to the level of the mouth or above the head. This can produce difficulty with bathing, dressing, grooming, and eating. The "split-hand syndrome" describes a pattern of weakness and atrophy common in ALS that predominantly involves the lateral (thenar) hand intrinsic muscles with relative sparing of the medial (hypothenar) muscles. Thenar muscles are innervated by multiple peripheral nerves, so the presence of this weakness pattern can help exclude isolated mononeuropathies as a cause of hand weakness. Arm or hand UMN symptoms in ALS include stiffness or cramping with poor dexterity resulting in difficulty performing activities of daily living. Muscle stretch reflexes are typically hyperactive. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
reference: SYMP:0000223
reference: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000223

behavioral symptom
type: Class
subclass of: nervous system symptom
IAO_0000115: A nervous system symptom that involves, is related to, or emphasizes behavior.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl

cardioembolic stroke
type: Class
subclass of: stroke
definition: stroke caused by the blockage of blood flow in a brain vessel through a clot or other foreign matters pumped from the heart to the brain [url:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_1001976]
reference: EFO:1001976

cerebral infarction
type: Class
subclass of: Cerebrovascular disease
synonyms: cerebral ischemia
definition: An ischemic condition of the brain, producing a persistent focal neurological deficit in the area of distribution of the cerebral arteries. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50486]
reference: NCIT:C50486

chest pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:786.5
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:786.50
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0008031
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0243830
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0400627
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000576

chromosome
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic factor
synonyms: CHROMOSOME
synonyms: Chromosomal
synonyms: Chromosome
synonyms: chromosome
definition: A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C13202
reference: NCIT:C13202
reference: NCIT:C16625

chromosome_12q24.22
type: Class
subclass of: chromosome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
definition: tescalcin TESC gene
reference: HGNC:26065

chromosome_22
type: Class
subclass of: chromosome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy

chromosome_4
type: Class
subclass of: chromosome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy

chromosome 5
type: Class
subclass of: chromosome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Multiple System Atrophy

chromosome_9p21.3
type: Class
subclass of: chromosome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: 9p21.3
definition: A chromosome band present on 9p. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26056
reference: NCIT:C26056

chronic intracranial subdural hematoma
type: Class
subclass of: Cerebrovascular disease
synonyms: chronic intracranial subdural haematomac
synonyms: chronic subdural hematoma
reference: OMIT:0020116
reference: SNOMED:304831001

cognitive symptom
type: Class
subclass of: nervous system symptom
IAO_0000115: Cognitive symptoms involve problems with concentration and memory and can be just as disabling as the other types of symptoms. The onset of cognitive symptoms is usually realised in the same way as negative symptoms in that they only begin to be noticeable after the dominance of psychotic episodes or positive symptoms have either been controlled with medication or diminished with age.
comment on definition: Modified Defintion

complex partial seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizure
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000271

confusion
type: Class
subclass of: neurological and physiological symptom
IAO_0000115: Confusion is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a disturbance of consciousness characterized by inability to engage in orderly thought or by lack of power to distinguish, choose, or act decisively.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000016

constipation
type: Class
subclass of: digestive system symptom
IAO_0000115: Constipation is a feces and droppings symptom involving the abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of dry hardened feces.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0019180
comment: doid/symp duplicate

digestive system symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:787
has db xref: SyOID:5330
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159058
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284224
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000459

dizziness
type: Class
subclass of: neurological and physiological symptom
IAO_0000115: Dizziness is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness accompanied by a feeling of movement within the head.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:780.4
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0476206
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0243727
has exact synonym: dizzy
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000610

drowsiness
type: Class
subclass of: neurological and physiological symptom
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has exact synonym: drowsy
has exact synonym: somnolence
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000024

episodic memory impairment
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A mental impairment in the ability to learn and retain new information, or recall information about a specific event that has occurred at a specific time and place.
IAO_0000118: memory impairment
OGG_0000000030: true
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514249/
comment on definition: Modified definition
has exact synonym: impairment in episodic memory

Family history
type: Class
subclass of: Demographic characteristics
subclass of: Genetic factor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Motor Neuron Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Tourette Syndrome
synonyms: family history
synonyms: family history of
synonyms: family history of disease
synonyms: family medical history
definition: A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patient's family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17726]
reference: NCIT:C17726

gene
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic factor
synonyms: genes
definition: A functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific position on a particular chromosome and serves as the template for a product that contributes to a phenotype or a biological function. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16612]
reference: NCIT:C16612

general symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:780
has db xref: SyOID:777
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159028
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284119
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000567

head symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000387

headache
type: Class
subclass of: pain
IAO_0000115: Headache is a pain characterized by a pain in the head.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:784.0
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0018681
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0065994
has exact synonym: cephalalgia
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000504

heartburn
type: Class
subclass of: pain
IAO_0000115: Heartburn is a pain characterized by a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat that happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has exact synonym: acid indigestion
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000439

hemorrhagic stroke
type: Class
subclass of: stroke
synonyms: hemorragic stroke
definition: a stroke that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain ruptures and bleeds causing the deficiency of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells and tissues [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OAE_0001792]
reference: OAE:0001792

hsa-miR-139-5p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-139-5p
locus group: 23 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM378892.1

hsa-miR-152-3p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-152-3p
locus group: 21 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM379056.1

hsa-miR-27b-3p
type: Class
subclass of: microRNA gene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
definition: TPA: Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miR-27b-3p
locus group: 21 bp linear transcribed-RNA
reference: GenBank: LM379037.1

impaired language functions
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom including defficulty thinking of common words while speaking, hesitations, speech, spelling, and writing errors.
OGG_0000000030: true
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514250/

impaired reasoning
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom with which a patient may misunderstand the motives of the actions of their family, friends or others
OGG_0000000030: true
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514250/

insomnia
type: Class
subclass of: general symptom
IAO_0000115: Insomnia is a sleep disturbance characterized by prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:780.52
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0029645
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0243733
has exact synonym: agrypnia
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000571

insulin resistance
type: Class
subclass of: nutrition, metabolism, and development symptom
IAO_0000115: diminished effectiveness of insulin in lowering plasma glucose levels
IAO_0000412: mp.owl
has OBO namespace: MPheno.ontology
id: MP:0005331

ischemic stroke
type: Class
subclass of: stroke
synonyms: cerebral ischaemic stroke
synonyms: ischaemic stroke
definition: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is defined by the sudden loss of blood flow to an area of the brain with the resulting loss of neurologic function. It is caused by thrombosis or embolism that occludes a cerebral vessel supplying a specific area of the brain. During a vessel occlusion, there is a core area where damage to the brain is irreversible and an area of penumbra where the brain has lost function owing to decreased blood flow but is not irreversibly injured. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002140]
reference: HP:0002140
reference: SNOMED:422504002
reference: UMLS:C0948008

leg weakness
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
definition: Foot and ankle weakness results in tripping, a slapping gait, and falling. Examination typically reveals weakness beyond a single lumbosacral nerve root or peripheral nerve distribution. Proximal leg weakness results in difficulty arising from chairs, climbing stairs, and getting off the floor. Balance may also be adversely affected. Leg UMN symptoms manifest as a spastic gait with poor balance and may include spontaneous leg flexor spasms and ankle clonus. In addition to hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes, pathologic reflexes may be present including an extensor Babinski or the crossed adductor response. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-other-forms-of-motor-neuron-disease#H3992271448
reference: SYMP:0000224
reference: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000224

limb weakness
type: Class
subclass of: Motor symptom of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
synonyms: Limb muscle weakness
synonyms: extremities weakness
definition: Reduced strength and weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003690
reference: HP:0003690
reference: SYMP:0000222
reference: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000222

long non-coding RNA gene
type: Class
subclass of: ncRNA gene
synonyms: lncRNA gene
reference: PMO:00086154

microRNA gene
type: Class
subclass of: gene
synonyms: miRNA gene
synonyms: micro RNA gene
definition: A gene that encodes a microRNA, which participates in the regulation of gene expression. [url:http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C80699]
reference: NCIT:C80699

nausea
type: Class
subclass of: digestive system symptom
IAO_0000115: Nausea is a digestive system symptom characterized by an uneasy or unsettled feeling in the stomach together with an urge to vomit.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:787.02
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0375548
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0750850
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000458

ncRNA gene
type: Class
subclass of: gene
synonyms: non-protein coding RNA (ncRNA) gene
definition: a RNA gene that encodes for a ncRNA [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000033]
reference: OGG:0000000033

necrosis
type: Class
subclass of: general symptom
IAO_0000115: Necrosis is a general symptom where death of a portion of tissue differentially affected by local injury (as loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or the local lesion of a disease).
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000132

nervous system symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:781
has db xref: SyOID:90
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159033
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284131
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000480

neurological and physiological symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000410

non-demented cognitive impairment
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom that is sufficiently mild that there is no evidence of a significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.
OGG_0000000030: true
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514249/

nutrition, metabolism, and development symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:783
has db xref: SyOID:2644
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159041
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284163
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000473

preservation of independence in functional abilities
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptom
IAO_0000115: A symptom that entails mild problems performing complex functional tasks which they used to perform previously, such as paying bills, preparing a meal, or shopping. The person requires more time, is less efficient, and makes more errors at performing such activities than in the past. Nevertheless, the person generally maintains their independence of function in daily life.
OGG_0000000030: true
has db xref: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514249/

protein-coding gene
type: Class
subclass of: gene
synonyms: protein coding gene
definition: a gene that encodes for a protein [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000039]
reference: OGG:0000000039

pseudo gene
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic factor
synonyms: pseudogene
definition: a gene that has lost its protein-coding ability or is otherwise no longer expressed in the cell. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000040]
reference: OGG:0000000040

renal failure
type: Class
subclass of: urinary system symptom
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000731

seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Syndrome
subclass of: nervous system symptom
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has exact synonym: seizure
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000124

skin and integumentary tissue symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:782
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:782.9
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0159037
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284146
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284161
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000488

social and psychosocial study
type: Class
subclass of: Social factors
definition: Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00002013
reference: RBO:00002013

stroke
type: Class
subclass of: Cerebrovascular disease
subclass of: nervous system symptom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: cerebral vascular events
synonyms: cerebrovascular accident
definition: Sudden impairment of blood flow to a part of the brain due to occlusion or rupture of an artery to the brain. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297]
reference: HP:0001297
reference: SNOMED:230690007
reference: UMLS:C0038454

transient ischemic attack
type: Class
subclass of: Cerebrovascular disease
synonyms: TIA
synonyms: transient ischaemic attack
synonyms: transient ischemic attacks
definition: A brief attack (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. A transient episode of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin with no persistent neurological deficit. A disorder characterized by a brief attack (less than 24 hours) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. [url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50781]
reference: NCIT:C50781

urinary system symptom
type: Class
subclass of: Sytmptom of Alzheimer disease
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has db xref: ICD9CM_2005:788
has db xref: UMLS_CUI:C0476293
has db xref: UMLS_ICD9CM_2005_AUI:A0284245
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000486

urticaria
type: Class
subclass of: skin and integumentary tissue symptom
IAO_0000115: Urticaria is a skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized by raised red skin wheals (welts) commonly caused by an allergic reaction with wheals that may vary in size from about 5 mm (0.2 inches) in diameter to the size of a dinner plate that are described as severely itchy a stingnig or burning sensation, and having a pale border.
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has exact synonym: hives
has exact synonym: nettle rash
has exact synonym: uredo
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000434
comment: doid/symp duplicate

weight loss
type: Class
subclass of: nutrition, metabolism, and development symptom
IAO_0000412: symp.owl
has OBO namespace: symptoms
id: SYMP:0000178

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Frontotemporal Dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Adverse Cardiac Event
synonyms: Adverse Cardiac Events
synonyms: CVD
synonyms: Cardiac Event
synonyms: Cardiac Event, Adverse
synonyms: Cardiac Events
synonyms: Cardiac Events, Adverse
synonyms: Cardiovascular Diseases
synonyms: Disease, Cardiovascular
synonyms: Event, Cardiac
synonyms: Major Adverse Cardiac Events
definition: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002318
reference: mesh:D002318

Heredodegenerative Disorders,Nervous System
type: Class
subclass of: Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary
synonyms: Degenerative Hereditary Diseases, Nervous System
synonyms: Degenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System
synonyms: Disease, Hereditary Neurodegenerative
synonyms: Disease, Neurodegenerative Hereditary
synonyms: Diseases, Hereditary Neurodegenerative
synonyms: Diseases, Neurodegenerative Hereditary
synonyms: Hereditary Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System
synonyms: Hereditary Disease, Neurodegenerative
synonyms: Hereditary Diseases, Neurodegenerative
synonyms: Hereditary Neurodegenerative Disease
synonyms: Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases
synonyms: Hereditary-Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System
synonyms: Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases
synonyms: Nervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary
synonyms: Nervous System Hereditary Degenerative Diseases
synonyms: Neurodegenerative Disease, Hereditary
synonyms: Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hereditary
synonyms: Neurodegenerative Hereditary Disease
synonyms: Neurodegenerative Hereditary Diseases
definition: Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D020271
reference: mesh:D020271

Individual Behavior/Others
type: Class
subclass of: Behavior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: individual human behavior
definition: An individual behavior of a human being. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APOLLO_SV_00000402
reference: APOLLO:SV_00000402

Mediterranean diet
type: Class
subclass of: Dietary pattern
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Neurodegenerative Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: Diet, Mediterranean
synonyms: Mediterranean diet (MeDi)
definition: A diet typical of the Mediterranean region characterized by a pattern high in fruits and vegetables, EDIBLE GRAIN and bread, potatoes, poultry, beans, nuts, olive oil and fish while low in red meat and dairy and moderate in alcohol consumption. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D038441
definition: A moderate-fat, restricted-calorie, Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables and low in red meat, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ONS_1000038
reference: ONS:1000038
reference: mesh:D038441

Metabolic syndrome (MetS)
type: Class
subclass of: Disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: beneficial effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Lewy body dementia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Parkinson disease
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Alzheimer disease
synonyms: MetS
synonyms: Metabolic Syndromes
synonyms: Syndrome, Metabolic
synonyms: Syndromes, Metabolic
definition: A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84442
reference: NCIT:C84442
reference: mesh:D024821

Beef Internal Organ Tissue
type: NamedIndividual
type: Internal Organ Tissue
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122
definition: Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.

Bologna
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sausage
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122

Kidneys
type: NamedIndividual
type: Internal Organ Tissue
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:19144172
definition: sCJD patients were more likely to have travelled abroad, worked at an animal laboratory, undergone invasive dental treatment, orthopaedic surgery, ophthalmologic surgery after 1986, regular GP visits, taken medication regularly, and consumed kidney.

Kielbasa
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sausage
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122

Pepperoni
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sausage
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122

Raw meat and brain
type: NamedIndividual
type: Raw meat
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:9660576

Salami
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sausage
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122

Beef Stomach/Intestine
type: NamedIndividual
type: Internal Organ Tissue
type: Restriction
  on property: harmful effect
  some values from: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PMID: PMID:24977122
definition: Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni, kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine, any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk.

description: 234