definition
definition source
item number
characteristics of Nutritional Epidemiological studies
Nutritional epidemiological terms
Chen Yang
Dietary assessment method
Mariona Pinart et al. (2018). Joint Data Analysis in Nutritional Epidemiology: Identification of Observational Studies and Minimal Requirements. The Journal of Nutrition:148(2):285-297.
Dietary records
Dietary records: short term
Dietary records: long term weighted(>7 days)
Dietary records:PDA-technologies
Dietary records:Mobile phone-based technologies
Dietary records:Camera-recorder-based technologies
Dietary records:Tape-recorder-based technologies
24-Hour recall
24-Hour Recall:Interactive computer-based technologies
24-Hour Recall:Interactive web-based technologies
Screener
Screener:Interactive computer-based technologies
Screener:Interactive web-based technologies
Screener:qualitative(only frequency)
Food frequency questionnaire
FFQ:Interactive computer-based technologies
FFQ:Interactive web-based technologies
Diet history
Dietary intake data
Unadjusted data
Adjusted data for total energy intake using density method
Adjusted data for total energy intake using residual method
Estimates of usual intake from short-term measurements
Administration
Dietary assessment administration
Chen Yang et al. (2017). Perspective: Essential Study Quality Descriptors for Data from Nutritional Epidemiologic Research. Advances in Nutrition:8(5):639-51.
Proxy-administered
Self-administered not verified by interviewer
Self-administered and checked by interviewer
Interview-administered
Interview-administered using AMPM
Raper N et al. (2004). An overview of USDA's dietary intake data system. J Food Compos Anal 17:545-55.
AMPM (Automated multiple-pass method): Computerized method for collecting interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls either in person or by telephone.
Questionnaire
Dietary assessment questionnaire
Porta M. A dictionary of epidemiology. 6th ed. [internet].
Questionnaires: A predetermined set of questions used to collect data-clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. This term is often applied to a seft-completed survey instrument, as contrasted with an interview schedule.
Self-developed questionnaires
Use of standardized questionnaire
Adopted other questionnaires
Content Validity
Content validity of dietary assessment questionnaire
Content validity: The extent to which the measurement incorporates the domain of the phenomenon under study. For example, a measurement of functional health status should embrace activities of daily living (occupational, family, and social functioning, etc.).
Verified content validity in another population
Verified content validity in a comparable population in terms of both age and dietary habits
Reference of dietary assessment questionnaire validation
Objective method
Biomarker of dietary intake
Biomarker: A substance, structure, or process that can be measured in biological specimens or media and may be associated with health outcomes or biological effects. A cellular, biochemical, or molecular indicator of exposure; of biological, subclinical, or clinical effects; or of possible susceptibility. A biological indicator of internal dose, biologically effective dose, early biological response, altered structure, or altered function.
Validated information
Validated information of dietary assessment questionnaire
Properties of dietary assessment questionnaire
Inter-rater reliability
Frequency options to identify between-person variations
Food items lead to underestimated target nutrients intake
Validation type for dietary assessment questionnaire
concurrent validity
Precision
Quantification of portion sizes
Portion size: The amount of a particular food one chooses to eat at a single meal.
Not quantified portion sizes
Standard portion sizes without aids
Standard portion sizes with aids
Portion sizes are assessed digitally but not verified by trained staff
Portion sizes are assessed digitally and verified by trained staff (or packaging)
Portion size of dietary intake data
Directly expressed portion size
Converted portion size
Unconverted portion size
Matched consumed food to referred food composition data
Food matching links food consumption data with food composition data and affects the quality of the dietary assessment and accuracy of findings. High-quality matching is desirable but it often not achievable due to lack of food composition data or information on food consumed.
Exact matching
FAO/INFOODS Guidelines for food matching. Version 1.2. Rome (Italy): FAO; 2012.
Exact match: if food description reported in 24-h recall matched exactly with the description in food consumption data.
Matched to means of min. 3 food items
Matched to same food items with similar moisture content
Matched to a different food
Representativeness of the week/weekend days
Weekend
Weekday
Number of recall/measurement days per individual
Selection of recall/measurement days
Convenience selection
Consecutive days
Non-consecutive, non-random days
Randomly over the week
The time of diet records
Diet records: Records of nutrient intake over a specific period of time, usually kept by the patient.
Not during eating occasions nor immediately after
Immediately after eating occasion
During eating occasion
Food quantification method
Population groups: Individuals classified according to their sex, racial origin, religion, common place of living, financial or social status, or some other cultural or behavioral attribute.
Food quantification method tailored to the characteristics of the population
Food quantification method not specifically tailored to the characteristics of the population
Descriptors for nutritional epidemiological data
Minimal data requirement of observational studies-descriptor
"It describes a set of mandatory descriptors, totaling 41, following the the ISA categories. The Investigation category contains 12 descriptors devoted to collecting metadata about the project context, informed consent and ethical issues (descriptors 1-7), data-sharing policy (descriptors 8-11), and data analysis permissions (descriptors 12). The Study category describes a set of 12 descriptors about the study design (descriptors 1-2), study subjects (descriptors 3-5 and 12), and recruitment (descriptors 6-11). The Assay category with 17 descriptors describes end-points (descriptors 1-10), study samples ( descriptors 11-14), and analytical measurements (descriptors 15-17)."- Pinart M et al. 2018.
Minimal data requirement-descriptor for investigation
ISA framework
I-inverstigation; S-study; A-Assay.
Study Name
NCIT ontology
The name applied to a scientific investigation.
Acronym
The non-unique initials or abbreviated name used for identification.
Country
A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states.
Study objective
The reason for performing a study in terms of the scientific questions to be answered by the analysis of data collected during the study.
Principal Investigator
An investigator who is responsible for all aspects of the conduct of a study.
Contact information
Information regarding the means of contacting a person or group.
Contact person
A person acting as a channel for communication between groups or on behalf of a group.
Funding Organization
VIVO
A defined class of organizations that fund Grants An organization that provides financial support to individuals or organizations to carry out specified activities.
Upload
To transfer a file or program to a central computer from a smaller computer or a computer at a remote location.
Study reference link page description
The textual representation of the linked page.
Study registration number
IRB-IEC Approval
Content Archive Resource Exchange Lexicon (ontology)
Study Site specific document containing the determination of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) or independent ethics committee (IEC) that the clinical study with human subject participation has been reviewed and may be conducted at a particular study site within the constraints set forth by the IRB and other institutional and federal requirements.
Informed consent
MESH ontology
Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures, and for medical and surgical treatment.
Study Protocol
The formal plan of an experiment or research activity, including the objective, rationale, design, materials and methods for the conduct of the study; intervention description, and method of data analysis.
Questionnaires
A predetermined set of questions.
standard operating procedure
Semanticscience Integrated Ontology
A standard operating procedure is a specification approved for use in specific environments.
Publications
Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181).
DOI
EDAM ontology
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of a published article.
URL
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
Study terminated
A clinical study status designating the study has been stopped prematurely and will not resume. Subject enrollment stopped. No participants are treated or being followed up.
Data sharing policy
ONE ontology
Aggregate data sharing policy
Metadata
Data about data; information that describes another set of data.
Publicly accessible
Accessible upon request
Not publicly accessible
Data analysis permission
accessible raw data
federated analysis
Minimal data requirement-descriptor for study
Epidemiologic Studies
Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measureing the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies.
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Cross-sectional studies
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Case-control studies
Comparisons that start with the identification of persons with the disease or outcome of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease or outcome of interest. The relationship of an attribute is examined by comparing both groups with regard to the frequency or levels of outcome over time.
Seroepidemiologic study
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
Study description
Specific, essential aspects of an investigation that are detailed, including structure, blinding, dosage, and participant demographics.
Study population
A target study population with characteristics, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, precisely defined in the study protocol. This is a population to which the study results could be reasonably generalized.
General population
Population Characteristics
Qualities and characterization of various types of populations within a social or geographic group, with emphasis on demography, health status, and socioeconomic factors.
Population representativeness
National level
Subnational level
Community level
Sampling method
Equal Probability Sampling Method
A random process used to select a study population in which each participant has an equal chance of being chosen.
Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Multi-stage sampling
Non-Probability Sampling Method
A non-random process used to select a study population in which the participants have been selected based on convenience or with a particular purpose in mind.
Voluntary response sampling
Judgement sampling
Convenience sampling
Control group
Groups that serve as a standard for comparison in experimental studies. They are similar in relevant characteristics to the experimental group but do not receive the experimental intervention.
Control type
A characteristic of a treatment regimen employed as a comparator against which the study treatment is evaluated.
Recruitment period
The interval of time during which subjects are to be enrolled in a clinical study.
follow-ups
The process by which information about the health status of an individual is obtained after a study has officially closed; an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
Action
Total number of participants recruited
Total number of males recruited
Total number of females recruited
Participants age range
age.min
age.max
Minimal data requirement-descriptor for assay
2(MDR)10(QAT)
Food composition table
food product type
FoodOn ontology
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
Physical activity measurement
A measurement of a subject's physical activity or movement.
Objective measurement
Subjective measurement
Tobacco use
NeSH ontology
Use of TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L) and TOBACCO PRODUCTS.
Alcohol consumption
Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol.
Anthropometry
The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.
Body Weights
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Body Height
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
Waist Circumference
The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
Body Fat Distribution
Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increases health risks more than excess fat around the hips or thighs, therefore, WAIST-HIP RATIO is often used to determine health risks.
Sociodemographic factors
ONTOAD ontology
Health outcomes
HL7 ontology
Health Outcomes Institute codes for outcome variables available (with responses) from Stratis Health (formerly Foundation for Health Care Evaluation and Health Outcomes Institute), 2901 Metro Drive, Suite 400, Bloomington, MN, 55425-1525; (612) 854-3306 (voice); (612) 853-8503 (fax); dziegen@winternet.com. See examples in the Implementation Guide.
Genitourinary samples
CTV3 ontology
Blood sample
Serum sample
Plasma sample
Urine sample
Saliva sample
Faeces sample
Fasting
Sampling
The selection and obtaining of small representative quantities of biological material for the purpose of analysis; also, in biomedical statistics, sampling is the selection and implementation of statistical observations in order to estimate properties of an underlying population; also, in environmental science, the collection of representative specimens analyzed to characterize site conditions.
Omics
The collective characterisation and quantification of pools of biological molecules that translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or organisms.
Biomarkers
Objective indicators of biological state often used to assess health, and determinate treatment.
Metabolomics
The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism.
Proteomics
Includes metaproteomics: proteomics analysis of an environmental sample. Proteomics includes any methods (especially high-throughput) that separate, characterize and identify expressed proteins such as mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein microarrays, as well as in-silico methods that perform proteolytic or mass calculations on a protein sequence and other analyses of protein production data, for example in different cells or tissues. Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms.
Genomics
Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc.
Transcriptomics
The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc.
Metabolite profiling
OBI ontology
metabolite profiling is a process which aims at detecting and identifying chemical entities resulting from biochemical and cellular metabolism
Mass spectrometry
MeSH ontology
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Chromatography
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
Data quality descriptors of observational studies
"It includes 10 descriptors allocated to 'study design' and 22 to 'measurement' domains. Data descriptors were organized as an ordinal scale of items to facilitate the identification, storage, and querying of nutrition data." -- Yang et al. 2017
Data quality descriptors for study design
Data quality descriptors for cohort study
Data quality descriptors for cross-sectional study
Data quality descriptors for case-control study
Response rate
Porta M. A dictionary of epidemiology. 6th ed. [Internet].
The number of completed or returened survey instruments (questionnaires, interviews, etc.) divided by the total bumber of persons who would have been surveyed if all had participated. Usually expressed as a percentage. Nonresponse can have several causes (e.g., death, removal from the survey community, and refusal).
Cooperation rate
The American Association for Public Opinion Research. Standard definitions: final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys. 9th ed. Oakbrook Terrace (IL): AAPOR; 2016.
The number of participants divided by the number eligible that were ever contacted.
Prognostic Covariate
NICT ontology
A variable that directly or indirectly impacts the outcome of a clinical trial.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest but are not intermediate variables of the factor(s) under investigation.
Method for confirming diagnosis
Diagnosis: the process of determining the health status and the factors responsible for it; may be applied to an individual, family, group, or society. The term is applied both to the process of determination and to its findings.
Non-validated diagnosis
Missing data
1) NICT ontology 2) Porta M. A dictionaryof epidemiology. 6th ed. [Internet].
1) Required or expected data that is not present, which may be due to non-completion or corruption. 2) Lack of some information or incomplete information for some study participants. Usually (but not always) the term refers to data missing in ways deviating from the study design.
Missing data-exposure
Missing data-outcome
Missing data-missing (completely) at random
Missing completely at random: There are no systematic differences between the missing values and the observed values; Missing at random: Any systematic difference between the missing values and the observed values can be explained by differences in observed data.
Missing data-missing not at random
Missing not at random: Even after the observed data are taken into account, systematic differences remain between the missing values and the observed values.
Random selection
1) Porta M. A dictionary of epidemiology. 6th ed. [Internet];2) NWEB: http://srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-sage-dictionary-of-social-research-methods/SAGE.xml
1) Selection bias: Bias in the estimated association or effect of an exposure on an outcome that arises from the procedures used to select individuals into the study or the analysis. When the selection involves conditioning on a factor that is affected by the exposure or a cause of the exposure, and also affected by the outcome or a cause of the outcome, selection bias can arise even in the absence of a causal effect of exposure on outcome; 2) Random selection: any method of sampling that uses some form of random selection, that is, one that will ensure that all units in the population have an equal probability or chance of being selected.
Sample representativeness
Porta M. A dictionaryof epidemiology. 6th ed. [Internet].
Representative sample: A sample that to a large extent resembles a population of interest.
Representative sample
Non-representative sample
Incidence
1) MeSH; 2) Porta M. A dictionaryof epidemiology. 6th ed. [Internet].
1) The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time; 2) The number of instances of illness commencing, or of persons falling ill, during a given period in a specified population. More generally, the number of new health-related events in a defined population within a specified period of time. It may be measured as a frequency count, a rate, or a proportion.
Incidence cases
Control groups
1) Groups that serve as a standard for comparison in experimental studies. They are similar in relevant characteristics to the experimental group but do not receive the experimental intervention; 2) Controls: Subjects with whom a comparison is made. In a case-control study, controls are often defined as noncases or by other postexposure events, making them especially susceptible to selection bias. Selection of appropriate controls is crucial to the validity of epidemiologic and clinical studies.
Control group from same population as cases
Control group from similar population as cases
Control group from another population
Lost to follow-up
Study subjects in COHORT STUDIES whose outcomes are unknown e.g., because they could not or did not wish to attend follow-up visits.
Data quality descriptors for data measurement
Data quality descriptors for dietary intake data measurement
Dietary records-descriptor
24-hour Recall-descriptor
Screener-descriptor
Food Frequency Questionnaire-descriptor
Diet History-descriptor
Seasons
From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic.
Summer
The season between the summer solstice and the autumnal equinox.
Winter
The season between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox.
Spring
The season between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice.
Autumn
The season between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice.
All seasons
Geographically-specific food composition data
Greenfield H et al. Food composition data: production, management and use. 2nd ed. Rome (Italy): FAO UN; 2003.
In a single country there may be a wide diversity of soil and climatic conditions, resulting in significant variance in food composition.Variations in food marketing and food preparation whthin different parts of a country-or between countries in the case of a multicountry database-may also produce notable variance. For these reasons, geographically specific data may be presented in the database as a supplement to nationwide and/or region-wide averages.
Data quality descriptors for anthropometry measurement
Training of assessor
Bergdahl M et al. Handbook on data quality assessment methods and tools. Wiesbaden (Germany): European Commision Eurostat; 2007.
Standard operating procedures (SOP): detailed, written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.
Without assessors/Self-report
An individual's perspective or subjective interpretation of an event or information.
Trained assessor
Trained assessors using Standard Operating Procedures
Trained assessors not using Standard Operating Procedures
Untrained assessors not using Standard Operating Procedures
Body weight measurement
NCIT ontology, MeSH
Body weight measurement: a measurement of the body weight of a subject; body weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Self-report
Proxy
MeSH
A person authorized to decide or act for another person, for example, a person having durable power of attorney.
Measured with no clothing instructions by an assessor
Measured naked or with only light clothing by an assessor
Height measurement
Body height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
Measured with shoes
Measured barefoot
Waist circumference measurement
Waist circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the abdomen and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.
Measured with no clothing instructions
Measured naked or with only light clothing
Measurement of body mass index
Porta M. A dictionary of epidemiology
BMI: BMI, anthropometric measure, defined as kg/m2.
Assessed using pictograms or silhouettes
Any measurement that is not subject to observer assessment, such as those registered by an instrument.
Adiposity measurement
Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.
Bioelectric impedance analysis
A method to assess body composition, i.e., the relative percentages of body weight comprised of fat tissue and lean body mass. It is based on the principle that the resistance to an applied electric current is inversely related to the amount of lean body mass within the body. Impedance is greatest in fat tissue, which contains only 10-20% water, while lean body mass, which contains 70-75% water, allows the signal to pass much more easily.
Dual X-ray Absorptiometry
A technique for scanning bone and measuring bone mineral density (BMD). A DXA scanner produces 2 X-ray beams, each with different energy levels. One beam is high energy while the other is low energy. The amount of x-rays that pass through the bone is measured for each beam. This will vary depending on the thickness of the bone. Based on the difference between the 2 beams, the bone density can be measured.
Waist-Hip Ratio
The ratio of the abdominal circumference at the navel to maximum hip and buttocks circumference; looks at the proportion of fat stored on the body around the waist and hip. Carrying extra weight around the waist is a greater health risk than carrying extra weight around the hips or thighs.
Skin fold thickness
Clinical Measurement Ontology
This measurement is made on the layer of skin and subcutaneous fat raised by pinching the skin and letting the underlying muscle fall back to the bone. It is often used to estimate percentage of body fat.
Case studies
STROBE-nut items
von Elm E et al. (2008). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 61(4):344-9.
Title
nut-1
State the dietary/nutritional assessment method(s) used in the title, abstract, or keywords.
Carl Lachat et al. (2016). Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut): an extension of the STROBE Statement. PLOS MEDICINE. 13(6).
Abstract
Introduction
Background rationale
Objectives
Methods
Study design
Settings
nut-5
Describe any characteristics of the study settings that might affect the dietary intake or nutritional status of the participants, if applicable.
Participants
nut-6
Report particular dietary, physiological, or nutritional characteristics that were considered when selecting the target population.
Variables
nut-7.1
Clearly define foods, food groups, nutrients, or other food components.
nut-7.2
When using dietary patterns or indices, describe the methods to obtain them and their nutritional properties.
Data sources-measurements
nut-8.1
Describe the dietary assessment method(s), e.g., portion sizeestimation,numberofdaysanditemsrecorded,howitwas developed and administered, and how quality was assured. Report if and how supplement intake was assessed.
nut-8.2
Describe and justify food composition data used. Explain the procedure to match food composition with consumption data. Describe the use of conversion factors, if applicable.
nut-8.3
Describe the nutrient requirements, recommendations, or dietary guidelines and the evaluation approach used to compare intake with the dietary reference values, if applicable.
nut-8.4
When using nutritional biomarkers, additionally use the STROBE Extension for Molecular Epidemiology (STROBE-ME). Report the type of biomarkers used and their usefulness as dietary exposure markers.
nut-8.5
Describe the assessment of nondietary data (e.g., nutritional status and influencing factors) and timing of the assessment of these variables in relation to dietary assessment.
nut-8.6
Report on the validity of the dietary or nutritional assessment methods and any internal or external validation used in the study, if applicable.
Bias
nut-9
Report how bias in dietary or nutritional assessment was addressed, e.g., misreporting, changes in habits as a result of being measured, or data imputation from other sources.
Study size
Quantitative variables
nut-11
Explain the categorization of dietary/nutritional data (e.g., use of N-tiles and handling of nonconsumers) and the choice of reference category, if applicable.
Statistical methods
nut-12.1
Describe any statistical method used to combine dietary or nutritional data, if applicable.
nut-12.2
Describe and justify the method for energy adjustments, intake modeling, and use of weighting factors, if applicable.
nut-12.3
Report any adjustments for measurement error, i.e., from a validity or calibration study.
Result
nut-13
Report the number of indiciduals excluded based on missing, incomplete, or implausible dietary/nutritional data.
Descriptive data
nut-14
Give the distribution of participant characteristics across the exposure variables if applicable. Specify if food consumption of total population or consumers only were used to obtain results.
Outcome data
Main results
nut-16
Specify if nutrient intakes are reported with or without inclusion of dietary supplement intake, if applicable.
Other analyses
nut-17
Report any sensitivity analysis (e.g. exclusion of misreporters or outliers) and data imputation, if applicable.
Discussion
Key results
Limitation
nut-19
Describe the main limitations of the data sources and assessment methods used and implications for the interpretation of the findings.
Interpretation
nut-20
Report the nutritional relevance of the findings, given the complexity of diet or nutrition as an exposure.
Generalizability
Other information
Funding
Ethics
nut-22.1
Describe the procedure for consent and study approval from ethics committee(s).
Supplementary material
nut-22.2
Provide data collection tools and data as online material or explain how they can be accessed.
Case studies: study description
Lachat C et al. 2018 PNAS
Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diet
Assess the intricate relationship between food biodiversity and diet quality
We applied biodiversity indicators to dietary intake data from and assessed associations with diet quality of women and young children.
Case studies: dataset description
Cameroon dataset-Lachat C et al. 2018 PNAS
Mills et al. 2017
Frequency of eating home cooked meals and potential benefits for diet and health: cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study
Mills et al. 2018
Sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of consuming home-cooked meals and meals from out-of-home sources: cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study
Abris et al. 2018
Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among married Filipino immigrant women: The Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study(FiLWHEL)
Chatelan et al. 2017
Major Differences in Diet across Three Linguistic Regions of Switzerland: Results from the First National Nutrition Survey menuCH
Lam and Adams 2017
Association between home food preparation skills and behaviour, and consumption of ultra-processed foods: Cross-sectional analysis of the UK National Diet and nutrition survey (2008-2009)
Llanaj et al. 2018
Examining food intake and eating out of home patterns among university students
Arsenault et al. 2014
Seasonal differences in food and nutrient intakes among young children and their mothers in rural Burkina Faso
DeCock et al. 2016
Sensitivity to reward is associated with snack and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescents
Workicho et al. 2016
Household dietary diversity and Animal Source Food consumption in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2011 Welfare Monitoring Survey
Extra list of terms for description
Lachat C (orcid)
Benin
Cameroon
Congo
Ecuador
Kenya
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Women
Child
Rural population
West Africa Food Composition Table (2012), FAO
Plant food product
Vertebrate animal food product
Fish food product
Rainy season