This ontology aims to facilitate- the diagnostic procedure of sleep disorders
Abnormal experiences of sensations or reality, often at sleep-wake transitions
Emotional tension or energy characterized by unexplained feelings of apprehension, uneasiness or dread associated to an anticipated, actual or imagined stressor.
Abnormal behaviours while awake, often linked to sleep deprivation
Impairments in thinking, memory, attention, or executive function related to sleep
Bluish discoloration of skin or mucosa due to hypoxemia
An emotional state characterized by feelings of sadness, emptiness, and/or tearfulness.
An abnormal condition that affects the body's function but may or may not have specific signs and symptoms. Resulting from an organismic dysfunction that causes distress, disability, or disadvantage.
Gauld C, Lopez R, Morin C, Geoffroy PA, Maquet J, Desvergnes P, McGonigal A, Dauvilliers Y, Philip P, Dumas G, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Symptom network analysis of the sleep disorders diagnostic criteria based on the clinical text of the ICSD-3. J Sleep Res. 2022 Feb;31(1):e13435. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13435. Epub 2021 Jul 16. PMID: 34269498
All children of this concept are derived from this study
The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.
Perception without an external stimulus, often associated with narcolepsy
Pain located in the head occuring during or after sleep
Level of moisture in the air, such as high or low humidity.
A condition characterized by excessive sleepiness, regardless of how much sleep is had.
A partial or disrupted transition from sleep to wakefulness, reflecting abnormal sleep architecture
A common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep. It also can cause you to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep.
Level or amount of energy being emitted by either a natural (e.g. sun) or an artificial source of light.
Generalized feeling of discomfort, weakness, or illness
The systematic and methodical manipulations of body tissues best performed with the hands for the purpose of affecting the nervous and muscular systems and the general circulation.
A state of consciousness in which the individual eliminates environmental stimuli from awareness so that the mind can focus on a single thing, producing a state of relaxation and relief from stress. A wide variety of techniques are used to clear the mind of stressful outside interferences. It includes meditation therapy.
Transient inabililty to move voluntary muscles, usually during REM sleep
Sudden , brief, involuntary muscle twitches during sleep onset or certain sleep stages
Level or volume of auditory phenomenon determined by the amount of energy being generated, where high energy levels are perceived as loud sounds and low energy levels as soft sounds.
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
Disruptive behaviors or events that affect your sleep. You might walk, talk or make physical movements to act out a dream.
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.
Signs or complaints related to problems in the respiratory system
Repetitive, stereotyped movements during sleeo, like head banging or body rocking
System of working in which people work one of a set of usually two 12-hour or three eight-hour shifts in a 24-hour period; designed to make use of the 24 hours of the clock, rather than a standard working day.
A range of conditions that result in abnormal breathing during sleep.
A category of sleep disorder in which repetitive movements interfere with sleep.
Problems with the timing, length, or quality of sleep
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.
Signs and complaints a person experiences when they feel unusually tired or have difficulty staying awake during the day
An empty area; an area set apart or available for use
Physical symptoms without necessarily a clear organic cause. Includes pain, gastrointestical disturbances, or autonomic signs
The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.
Enlarging or distending a structure, increasing its internal wall stress
A physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient.
Gauld C, Lopez R, Morin CM, Maquet J, Mcgonigal A, Geoffroy PA, Fakra E, Philip P, Dumas G, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Why do sleep disorders belong to mental disorder classifications? A network analysis of the "Sleep-Wake Disorders" section of the DSM-5. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Oct;142:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.050. Epub 2021 Aug 1. PMID: 34359009.
Most children of this concept are derived from this study
A short sleep, usually during normal waking hours.
Degree of heat or cold, such as high and low temperature, normal or extreme temperature.
Involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth during sleep
Not reacting normally to the environment, people, or stimuli
Lack of consolidated primary sleep episode
Earlier than normal sleep onset and wake times
A circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in which sleep quality and duration are normal but sleep onset and wake times are earlier than desired or earlier than socially acceptable times.
Emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression, or irritability
Disturbances in the dreaming process during sleep, especially in REM sleep, when most vivid dreams occur
Waling or moving around, often assessed during sleep disorders such as sleepwalking (somnambulism)
Loss of memory, particularly the inability to recall experiences during or immediately after sleep
Physiological responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system during sleep
Observable motor or vocal activities during sleep that are abnormal or excessive
A movement disorder that typically starts within the first 15 days of life, occurs during sleep, and consists of intermittent repetitive jerks of the limbs at two to three per second. It is often evoked by gently restraining the child. Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy is usually not associated with any other neurologic impairment and spontaneously subsides within the first year of life.
Patient-reported breathing issues during sleep, like snoring, choking, or apnea
CLinician or partner-observed abnormal brathing during sleep
Sudden, transient loss of voluntary muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, typically in narcolepsy type1
Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing
Instability in the ventilatory system induced by altitude can lead to the development of periodic breathing and central apneas during sleep.
Central sleep apnea with Cheyne Stokes breathing
A form of periodic breathing, commonly observed in patients with heart failure
Intrinsic sleep wake cycle longer than 24 hours
Episodes where you partially wake up from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with confusion and disorientation. You might mumble or stare off into space or be unable to respond when someone talks to you. Then, you’ll fall back to sleep.
Excessive propensity to fall asleep during the day
Later than normal sleep onset and wake times
Defined by a delay in the major sleep episode relative to desired or required sleep and wake times.
Abnormal eating behaviours occuring during sleep
A benign sensory parasomnia characterized by the sensation of hearing a loud sound, such as an explosion or gunshot, during transitions between sleep and wakefulness. This sensation often leads to abrupt awakening, accompanied by distress but without significant pain.
A subjective sense of tiredness or lack of energy, distinct from sleepiness
Sudden, intense fear or panic response during sleep
Hypersomnia Associated With Psychiatric disorder
An excessive sleepiness that is not caused by a medical condition, substance use, or sleep disorder, but is instead associated with a mental health condition.
An excessive daytime sleepiness after getting a full night's rest.
Partial arousal from sleep where the patient is confused, disoriented, or not fully conscious
Occurs 3 or more nights a week, lasts more than 3 months, and cannot be fully explained by another health problem.
Episodes of insomnia that last a few days at a time (less than 3 months)
Difficulty maintaining sleep or waking too early in the sleep period
Difficulty falling asleep at the beginning of the sleep period
Difficulty staying asleep throught the night, frquent awakenings
A voluntary sleep disorder, meaning that it results from the choices that individuals make about sleeping rather than any underlying medical, emotional, or environmental cause.
Characterized by the relative absence of a circadian pattern in an individual’s sleep-wake cycle.
A temporary sleep problem that can affect anyone who quickly travels across several time zones.
An extremely rare condition that causes intermittent episodes where you sleep for long periods of time.
Sudden, brief episodes of sleep during wakefulness
Unpleasant sensations in the legs, often described as crawling, tingling, or aching
Involuntary or repetitive leg movements during sleep
Prolonged total sleep duration beyond normal limits
A chronic neurologic disorder, associated with uncontrollable sleep urges and cataplexy
A chronic neurologic disorder, associated with uncontrollable sleep urges but NO cataplexy
Defined by the repeated occurrence of nightmares that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning, which are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. drug abuse or medication) and which cannot be adequately explained by coexisting mental and medical disorders
A circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which an individual’s biological clock fails to synchronize to a 24-hour day.
Sleep of normal duration that fails to leave the patient feeling refreshed
Appropriate reaction to environmental stimuli, indicating intact neurological and cognitive function
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) collapse of the upper airway, causing oxygen desaturation or sleep arousal
A childhood disorder in which there is upper airway dysfunction causing complete or partial airway obstruction during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation or arousals from sleep.
A sleep-related disorder in which respiratory effort is absent intermittently during sleep.
An unexplained episode of cessation of breathing lasting 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter respiratory pause associated with bradycardia, cyanosis, pallor, and/or marked hypotonia
Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
A sudden cessation of breathing that lasts for at least 20 seconds or is accompanied by bradycardia or oxygen desaturation (cyanosis) in an infant younger than 37 weeks gestational age.
A rare disorder with repetitive, usually flexor arrhythmic brief jerks of the trunk, hips, and knees in a fixed pattern
Is parasomnia strongly linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and it can also be very disturbing and lead to injury requiring medical attention.
Is characterised by repeated episodes of sleep paralysis (a temporary inability to move or speak that occurs directly after falling asleep or waking up) , occurring independently of other sleep disorders.
A condition that causes a very strong urge to move the legs. The urge to move usually is caused by an uncomfortable feeling in the legs.
A condition that primarily affects people who work night, early morning, and rotating shifts for their jobs
Total sleep duration consistently below physiological needs
Defined as the repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by the clenching or grinding of teeth during sleep.
A non-rapid-eye movement parasomnia typified by recurrent episodes of eating/drinking following arousals, with associated partial/complete amnesia.
Seeing, hearing, feeling, or smelling something that isn't actually there while you're falling asleep or waking up
A sleep-related movement disorder whereby painful contractions of the calf or foot muscles arise during time in bed
Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder
A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep. Occurs in both infants and children and rarely occurs or persists in adolescence or adulthood.
A common childhood parasomnia characterized by episodes of extreme terror and panic that occur suddenly out of NREM, slow-wave sleep.
Impaired alertness and cognitive performance immediatley after awakening
Active opposition to going to bed or falling asleep, usually seen in childrenbut also in behavioral insomnia
Also known as Somnambulism, includes undesirable actions, such as walking, that occur during abrupt but limited arousals from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow-wave sleep.
Noisy breathing during sleep caused by turbulent airflow through upper airways
Sounds made during sleep, including talking, screaming, or moaning
A prevalent pediatric condition, characterized by involuntary urination during sleep at least twice a week for 3 months in children older than 5.